Looking for online definition of ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2 in the Medical Dictionary? ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2 explanation free. What is ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2? Meaning of ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2 medical term. What does ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2 mean?

Accepted name: NAD+ glycohydrolase. Reaction: NAD+ + H2O = ADP-D-ribose + nicotinamide. Glossary: ADP-D-ribose = adenosine 5′-(5-deoxy-D-ribofuranos-5-yl diphosphate). Other name(s): NAD glycohydrolase; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase; β-NAD+ glycohydrolase; DPNase (ambiguous); NAD hydrolase (ambiguous); diphosphopyridine nucleosidase (ambiguous); nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nucleosidase (ambiguous); NAD nucleosidase (ambiguous); DPN hydrolase (ambiguous); NADase (ambiguous); nga (gene name). Systematic name: NAD+ glycohydrolase. Comments: This enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of NAD+, without associated ADP-ribosyl cyclase activities (unlike the metazoan enzyme EC 3.2.2.6, bifunctional ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase). The enzyme from Group A streptococci has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases such as streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSS) and necrotizing fasciitis. The enzyme from the venom of the snake Agkistrodon acutus also ...

Although activation of M2 muscarinic receptors is classically known to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity (Peralta et al., 1988) or to modify membrane potential by inhibiting Ca2+-activated K+ channel (Kotlikoff et al., 1992), it has been recently proposed that M2 muscarinic receptors may induce Ca2+ signals by activation of the cADPR pathway (White et al., 2003) or by stimulation of a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2b) via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/PKC pathway (Callaghan et al., 2004). Activation of the cADPR pathway by ACh in duodenum myocytes is shown by: (1) inhibition of Ca2+ oscillations by application of the cADPR competitive antagonist (8Br-cADPR), (2) inhibition of ACh-induced Ca2+ oscillations by inhibitors of ADP-ribosyl cyclase (ZnCl2, anti-CD38 antibody) and (3) detection of ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity by fluorescence experiments as the enzyme cyclizes NGD+ (non fluorescent) to produce cGDPR, a fluorescent compound (Graeff et al., 1994). This method has been used ...

A Membrane-bound or cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of Cyclic ADP-Ribose (cADPR) from Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD). This enzyme generally catalyzes the Hydrolysis of cADPR to ADP-Ribose, as well, and sometimes the synthesis of Cyclic ADP-Ribose 2 phosphate (2-P-cADPR) from NADP ...

CD38 (NAD+ glycohydrolase) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein able to induce activation, proliferation and differentiation of mature lymphocytes and mediate apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells. Another role of CD38 is provided by enzymatic activity of its extracellular part. CD38 acts as NAD+ glycohydrolase converting NAD+ into ADP-ribose, as ADP-ribosyl cyclase producing cADPR and as cADPR hydrolase, thus affecting levels of calcium-mobilizing metabolites. ADPR produced by CD38 serves as an important second messenger of neutrophil and dendritic cell migration ...

CD38 is a 42-kilodalton glycoprotein expressed extensively on B and T lymphocytes. CD38 exhibits a structural homology to Aplysia adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyl cyclase. This enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a metabolite of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) with calcium-mobilizing activity. A complementary DNA encoding the extracellular domain of murine CD38 was constructed and expressed, and the resultant recombinant soluble CD38 was purified to homogeneity. Soluble CD38 catalyzed the formation and hydrolysis of cADPR when added to NAD+. Purified cADPR augmented the proliferative response of activated murine B cells, potentially implicating the enzymatic activity of CD38 in lymphocyte function ...

The human lymphocyte antigen CD38 has been shown to share sequence homology with ADP-ribosyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of NAD+ to cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a potent Ca(2+)-mobilizing agent. In this study COS1 cells from African Green Monkey kidney were transiently transfected with CD38 cDNA, inducing expression of authentic CD38 on the cell surface. We demonstrate that CD38 expressed in this manner can convert NAD+ to cADPR in the extracellular medium as assessed by Ca2+ release from sea-urchin egg microsomes.

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Cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) is a potent endogenous calcium-mobilizing agent synthesized from beta-NAD+ by ADP-ribosyl cyclases in sea urchin eggs and in several mammalian cells (Galione, A., and White, A. (1994) Trends Cell Biol. 4, 431 436). Pharmacological studies suggest that cADPR is an endogenous modulator of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mediated by ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channels. An unresolved question is whether cADPR can act as a Ca2+-mobilizing intracellular messenger. We show that exogenous application of nitric oxide (NO) mobilizes Ca2+ from intracellular stores in intact sea urchin eggs and that it releases Ca2+ and elevates cADPR levels in egg homogenates. 8-Amino-cADPR, a selective competitive antagonist of cADPR-mediated Ca2+ release, and nicotinamide, an inhibitor of ADP-ribosyl cyclase, inhibit the Ca2+-mobilizing actions of NO, while, heparin, a competitive antagonist of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, did not affect NO-induced Ca2+ release. Since the

Clone REA465 recognizes the human CD157 antigen, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linked protein, which is also known as bone marrow stromal antigen 1 (BST-1) or cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2. CD157, a member of the CD38 gene family, is an NAD-metabolizing ectoenzyme and a signaling molecule, which synthesizes the second messengers cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, former a second messenger that elicits calcium release from intracellular stores. It is mainly expressed by cells of the myeloid lineage, bone marrow stroma, and vascular endothelium. CD157 is also expressed by ovarian cancer epithelium and by peritoneal mesothelial cells, where it is implicated in tumor dissemination. Further, it is endowed with receptor-like features observed in different cell types and transduces signals by interacting with transmembrane partner molecules, a strategy shared by other GPI-anchored molecules. CD157 is involved in neutrophil polarization, adhesion, and motility and controls

Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Antibodies, Neoplasm; 0 / Antigens, CD; 0 / Antigens, CD7; 0 / Antigens, Differentiation; 0 / Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; 0 / Carrier Proteins; 0 / Immunoglobulin G; 0 / Immunotoxins; 0 / Lipoproteins, HDL; 0 / Membrane Glycoproteins; 0 / Plant Proteins; 0 / RNA-Binding Proteins; 0 / Receptors, Lipoprotein; 0 / Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; 0 / high density lipoprotein receptors; 147605-06-9 / high density lipoprotein binding protein; EC 3.2.2.- / N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; EC 3.2.2.22 / saporin; EC 3.2.2.5 / ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; EC 3.2.2.5 / Antigens, CD38; EC 3.2.2.5 / Cd38 protein, mouse; EC 3.2.2.5 / NAD+ ...

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins involved in regulation of many cellular pathways. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) consists of chains of repeating ADP-ribose nucleotide units and is synthesized by the family of enzymes called poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). This modification can be removed by the hydrolytic action of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and ADP-ribosylhydrolase 3 (ARH3). Hydrolytic activity of macrodomain proteins (MacroD1, MacroD2 and TARG1) is responsible for the removal of terminal ADP-ribose unit and for complete reversion of protein ADP-ribosylation. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is widely utilized in eukaryotes and PARPs are present in representatives from all six major eukaryotic supergroups, with only a small number of eukaryotic species that do not possess PARP genes. The last common ancestor of all eukaryotes possessed at least five types of PARP proteins that include both mono and poly(ADP-ribosyl) transferases. Distribution of PARGs strictly

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a putative second messenger that has been demonstrated to mobilize Ca2+ in many cell types. Its postulated role as the endogenous regulator of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channels has been greatly supported by the advent and use of specific cADPR receptor antagonists such as 8-NH2-cADPR (Walseth, T. F., and Lee, H. C. (1993) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1178, 235-242). However, investigations of the role of cADPR in physiological responses, such as fertilization, stimulus-secretion coupling, and excitation-contraction coupling, have been hindered by the susceptibility of cADPR receptor antagonists to hydrolysis and the need to introduce these molecules into cells by microinjection or patch clamp techniques. We have recently reported on the discovery of a poorly hydrolyzable analogue of cADPR, 7-deaza-cADPR (Bailey, V. C., Sethi, J. K., Fortt, S. M., Galione, A., and Potter, B. V. L. (1997) Chem. Biol. 4, 41-51) but this, like cADPR, is an agonist of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+

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Clone REA976 recognizes the human CD370 antigen, also known as C-type lectin domain family 9 member A (CLEC9A). CD370 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein member of 241 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of ~30 kDa. It is also known as DNGR-1 and is expressed on BDCA-3+ myeloid dendritic cells from peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. CD370 acts as a receptor for necrotic cells and plays an important role in cross-presentation. Additional information: Clone REA976 displays negligible binding to Fc receptors. - Great Britain

PE anti-human CD13 Antibody - CD13 is a 150-170 kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein also known as aminopeptidase N, APN, and gp150.

Cadp-ribose/ACM119340535 can be provided in Alfa Chemistry. We are dedicated to provide our customers the best products and services.

InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.

Background: Poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is important in maintaining genomic stability, repairing DNA damage, and regulating transcriptional processe

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MarketResearchReports.biz has recently announced the addition of a market study Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 5 (B Cell Surface Antigen CD40 or Bp50 or CDw40 or CD40L Receptor or TNFRSF5 or CD40) - Pipeline Review, H2 2016 , is a comparative analysis of the global market.. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 5 (B Cell Surface Antigen CD40 or Bp50 or CDw40 or CD40L Receptor or TNFRSF5 or CD40) - Pipeline Review, H2 2016. Summary. Global Markets Directs, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 5 (B Cell Surface Antigen CD40 or Bp50 or CDw40 or CD40L Receptor or TNFRSF5 or CD40) - Pipeline Review, H2 2016, provides in depth analysis on Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 5 (B Cell Surface Antigen CD40 or Bp50 or CDw40 or CD40L Receptor or TNFRSF5 or CD40) targeted pipeline therapeutics.. The report provides comprehensive information on the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 5 (B Cell Surface Antigen CD40 or Bp50 or CDw40 or ...

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is the most potent Ca(2+)-mobilizing intracellular messenger and is linked to a variety of stimuli and cell surface receptors. However, the enzyme responsible for endogenous NAADP synthesis in vivo is unknown, and it has been proposed that another enzyme differing from ADP-ribosyl cyclase family members may exist. The ecto-enzyme CD38, involved in many functions as diverse as cell proliferation and social behavior, represents an important alternative. In pancreatic acinar cells, the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates NAADP production evoking Ca(2+) signals by discharging acidic Ca(2+) stores and leading to digestive enzyme secretion. From cells derived from CD38(-/-) mice, we provide the first physiological evidence that CD38 is required for endogenous NAADP generation in response to CCK stimulation. Furthermore, CD38 expression in CD38-deficient pancreatic AR42J cells remodels Ca(2+)-signaling pathways in these cells by restoring Ca(2+)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recently, a number of mimics of the second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) with replacement of adenosine by inosine were introduced. In addition, various alterations in the molecule ranging from substitutions at C8 of the base up to full replacement of the ribose moieties still retained biological activity. However, nothing is known about the metabolic stability and cellular effects of these novel analogues. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: cADPR and the inosine-based analogues were incubated with CD38, ADP-ribosyl cyclase and NAD-glycohydrolase and metabolism was analysed by RP-HPLC. Furthermore, the effect of the analogues on cytokine expression and proliferation was investigated in primary T-lymphocytes and T-lymphoma cells. KEY RESULTS: Incubation of cADPR with CD38 resulted in degradation to adenosine diphosphoribose. ADP-ribosyl cyclase weakly catabolised cADPR whereas NAD-glycohydrolase showed no such activity. In contrast, N1-cyclic inosine 5-diphosphoribose (N1-cIDPR) was not

NAADP (nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate), the most potent Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, is active in a wide range of organisms and cell types. Until now, all NAADP-producing enzymes have been thought to be members of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family. ADP-ribosyl cyclases exhibit promiscuous substrate selectivity, synthesize a variety of products and are regulated in a limited manner, which may be non-physiological. In the present paper, we report the presence of an enzyme on the surface of sea urchin sperm that exhibits bell-shaped regulation by Ca2+ over a range (EC(50) of 10 nM and IC(50) of 50 microM) that is physiologically relevant. Uniquely, this surface enzyme possesses complete selectivity for nucleotides with a 2-phosphate group and exhibits only base-exchange activity without any detectable cyclase activity. Taken together, these findings indicate that this novel enzyme should be considered as the first true NAADP synthase.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Drosophila forkhead homologues are expressed in CD34+HLA-DR- primitive human hematopoietic progenitors. AU - Hromas, Robert. AU - Klemsz, Michael. AU - Amaravadi, Lakshmi. AU - Hufford, Tricia. AU - Huang, Irene. AU - Desai, Alpana. AU - Srour, Edward. AU - Bruno, Edward. AU - Hoffman, Ronald. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - The Forkhead gene (FKH) regulates morphogenesis in Drosophila. It is the prototype of a new family of transcriptional activators. We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyze the expression pattern of this new transcriptional regulatory gene family in primitive hematopoeitic progenitors. Partially degenerate oligonucleotides to two conserved amino acid sequences of this family were used to prime a PCR amplification of cDNA synthesized from CD34+HLA-DR- hematopoietic cells. Known and novel FKH genes were found to be expressed in these cells.. AB - The Forkhead gene (FKH) regulates morphogenesis in Drosophila. It is the prototype of a new family of ...

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) mobilize Ca2+ from two different types of intracellular stores and through completely independent mechanisms. The two Ca2+ messengers are also structurally distinct. cADPR is a cyclic nucleotide derived from NAD, whi …

Cyclic ADP-ribose and hydrogen peroxide synergize with ADP-ribose in the activation of TRPM2 channels. Mol Cell. 2005 Apr 1;18(1):61-9. PMED ID: 15808509. ...

Abstract. Evidence has been provided recently that shows that high concentrations of cytokines can fulfill functions previously attributed to stromal cells, su

productone is a polyclonal antibody of high purity and binding affinity for the antigen that it is risen against. Properly used, this antibody will ensure excellent and reproducible results with guaranteed success for the applications that it is tested in. Polyclonal antibodies have series of advantages - larger batches can be supplied at a time, they are inexpensive to manufacture and respectively to buy, the time needed for production is considerably shorter. Polyclonal antibodies generally are more stable and retain their reactivity under unfavorable conditions. To obtain more detailed information on productone, please, refer to the full product datasheet ...

This multiunctional enzyme catalyses both the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose, a calcium messenger that can mobilize intracellular Ca2+ stores and activate Ca2+ influx to regulate a wide range of physiological processes. In addition, the enzyme also catalyses EC 2.4.99.20, 2-phospho-ADP-ribosyl cyclase/2-phospho-cyclic-ADP-ribose transferase. cf. EC 3.2.2.5, NAD+ glycohydrolase ...

A bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis and HYDROLYSIS of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from NAD+ to ADP-RIBOSE. It is a cell surface molecule which is predominantly expressed on LYMPHOID CELLS and MYELOID CELLS ...

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Increasing evidence has indicated that NAD+ and NADH play critical roles not only in energy metabolism, but also in cell death and various cellular functions including regulation of calcium homeostasis and gene expression. It has also been indicated that NAD+ and NADH are mediators of multiple major biological processes including aging. NAD+ and NADH produce the biological effects by regulating numerous NAD+/NADH-dependent enzymes, including dehydrogenases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, Sir2 family proteins (sirtuins), mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferases, and ADP-ribosyl cyclases. Of particular interest, NAD+-dependent generation of ADP-ribose, cyclic ADP-ribose and O-acetyl-ADP-ribose can mediate calcium homeostasis by affecting TRPM2 receptors and ryanodine receptors; and sirtuins and PARPs appear to play key roles in aging, cell death and a variety of cellular functions. It has also been indicated that NADH and NAD+ can be transported across plasma membranes of cells, and that extracellular NAD+ ...

Purified anti-human CD70 Antibody - CD70, also known as CD27L, is a 50 kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein and member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily.

This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is the highly polymorphic Kell blood group antigen. The Kell glycoprotein links via a single disulfide bond to the XK membrane protein that carries the Kx antigen. The encoded protein contains sequence and structural similarity to members of the neprilysin (M13) family of zinc endopeptidases ...

FUNCTION: [Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is the highly polymorphic Kell blood group antigen. The Kell glycoprotein links via a single disulfide bond to the XK membrane protein that carries the Kx antigen. The encoded protein contains sequence and structural similarity to members of the neprilysin (M13) family of zinc endopeptidases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

This gene encodes a chromatin-associated enzyme, poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, which modifies various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The modification is dependent on DNA and is involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation and also in the regulation of the molecular events involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage. In addition, this enzyme may be the site of mutation in Fanconi anemia, and may participate in the pathophysiology of type I diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Aberrant cyclization affords a C-6 modified cyclic adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose analogue with biological activity in Jurkat T cells. AU - Moreau, Christelle. AU - Kirchberger, Tanja. AU - Zhang, Bo. AU - Thomas, Mark P.. AU - Weber, Karin. AU - Guse, Andreas H.. AU - Potter, Barry V. L.. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - Two nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) analogues modified at the 6 position of the purine ring were synthesized, and their substrate properties toward Aplysia californica ADP-ribosyl cyclase were investigated. 6-N-Methyl NAD + (6-N-methyl nicotinamide adenosine 5′-dinucleotide 10) hydrolyzes to give the linear 6-N-methyl ADPR (adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose, 11), whereas 6-thio NHD + (nicotinamide 6-mercaptopurine 5′-dinucleotide, 17) generates a cyclic dinucleotide. Surprisingly, NMR correlation spectra confirm this compound to be the N1 cyclic product 6-thio N1-cIDPR (6-thio cyclic inosine 5′-diphosphoribose, 3), although the corresponding 6-oxo ...

The only curative therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD) is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Gene therapy approaches for autologous HSC transplantation are being developed. Although earlier engraftment is seen when cells from GCSF-mobilized blood are transplanted than when bone marrow is transplanted, administration of GCSF to patients with SCD can cause significant morbidity. We tested whether primitive hematopoietic progenitors are spontaneously mobilized in the blood of patients with SCD during acute crisis (AC-SCD patients). The frequency of myeloid-lymphoid-initiating cells (ML-ICs) and SCID-repopulating cells (SRCs) was significantly higher in blood from AC-SCD patients than in blood from patients with steady-state SCD or from normal donors. The presence of SRCs in peripheral blood was not associated with detection of long-term culture-initiating cells, consistent with the notion that SRCs are more primitive than long-term culture-initiating cells. As ML-ICs and ...

Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta have all been shown to be specific inhibitors of early human hematopoiesis, we wanted to investigate the interactions of these three cytokines on very primitive human adult bone marrow CD34++CD38- hematopoietic progenitor cells, using a pre-colony-forming cell (pre-CFC) assay, which detects the effects of these cytokines on the initial phases of the differentiation of these primitive progenitors, which are unresponsive to interleukin (IL) 3 alone. Surprisingly, TNF-alpha was a very potent stimulator of the proliferation of CD34++CD38- cells and was the most potent synergistic factor for the IL-3-induced proliferation of these cells of all cytokines tested (IL-1, IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, kit ligand). TNF-alpha was the only cytokine that, as a single added factor, induced substantial proliferation in CD34++CD38- cells in the presence of IL-3, except for kit ligand, which ...

Hypothalamic oxytocin (OT) is released into the brain by cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) with or without depolarizing stimulation. Previously, we showed that the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) that seems to trigger OT release can be elevated by -NAD+, cADPR, and ADP in mouse oxytocinergic neurons. As these -NAD+ metabolites activate warm-sensitive TRPM2 cation channels, when the incubation temperature is increased, the [Ca2+]i in hypothalamic neurons is elevated. However, it has not been determined whether OT release is facilitated by heat in vitro or hyperthermia in vivo in combination with cADPR. Furthermore, it has not been examined whether CD38 and TRPM2 exert their functions on OT release during stress or stress-induced hyperthermia in relation to the anxiolytic roles and social behaviors of OT under stress conditions. Here, we report that OT release from the isolated hypothalami of male mice in culture was enhanced by extracellular application of cADPR or increasing the

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is the universal currency of energy metabolism and electron transfer. Recent studies indicate that apart from its role as a coenzyme, NAD+ and its metabolites also function in cell signaling pathways; for example, they are substrates for nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes and ligands for extra- and intracellular receptors and ion channels. Moreover, the NAD+ and NAD+ phosphate metabolites adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose (ADP-ribose), cyclic ADP-ribose, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) have emerged as key second messengers in Ca2+ signaling. A symposium in Hamburg, Germany, brought together 120 researchers from various fields, who were all engaged in the molecular characterization of the key players of NAD+ signaling (www.NAD2008.de).. ...

Ligation of the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex results in global Ca(2+) signals that are essential for T-cell activation. We have recently reported that these global Ca(2+) signals are preceded by localized pacemaker Ca(2+) signals. Here, we demonstrate for the first time for human T cells that an increase in signal frequency of subcellular pacemaker Ca(2+) signals at sites close to the plasma membrane, in the cytosol and in the nucleus depends on the type 3 ryanodine receptor (RyR) and its modulation by cyclic ADP-ribose. The spatial distribution of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and RyRs indicates a concerted action of both of these receptors/Ca(2+) channels in the generation of initial pacemaker signals localized close to the plasma membrane. Inhibition or knockdown of RyRs resulted in significant decreases in (1) the frequency of initial pacemaker signals localized close to the plasma membrane, and (2) the frequency of localized pacemaker Ca(2+) signals in the inner cytosol. Moreover,

Ofatumumab (oh fa toom ue mab) is a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody to the cell surface antigen CD20 (also known as human B lymphocyte restricted differentiation antigen: Bp35), which is found on mature B cells as well as 90% of neoplastic B cell such as occur in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CD20 is not present on pro-B cells, hematopoietic stem cells, normal plasma cells or other normal lymphocytes, circulating cells or tissues. Engagement of ofatumumab with CD20 leads to B cell lysis and depletion of circulating and tissue B cells for an extended period, up to 6 to 8 months. There is an accompanying mild decrease in IgM, but no change in IgG or IgA levels. ...

Description: This gene encodes a common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen that is an important cell surface marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This protein is present on leukemic cells of pre-B phenotype, which represent 85% of cases of ALL. This protein is not restricted to leukemic cells, however, and is found on a variety of normal tissues. It is a glycoprotein that is particularly abundant in kidney, where it is present on the brush border of proximal tubules and on glomerular epithelium. The protein is a neutral endopeptidase that cleaves peptides at the amino side of hydrophobic residues and inactivates several peptide hormones including glucagon, enkephalins, substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, and bradykinin. This gene, which encodes a 100-kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein, exists in a single copy of greater than 45 kb. The 5 untranslated region of this gene is alternatively spliced, resulting in four separate mRNA transcripts. The coding region is ...

Summary is not available for the mouse gene. This summary is for the human ortholog.] This gene encodes a common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen that is an important cell surface marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This protein is present on leukemic cells of pre-B phenotype, which represent 85% of cases of ALL. This protein is not restricted to leukemic cells, however, and is found on a variety of normal tissues. It is a glycoprotein that is particularly abundant in kidney, where it is present on the brush border of proximal tubules and on glomerular epithelium. The protein is a neutral endopeptidase that cleaves peptides at the amino side of hydrophobic residues and inactivates several peptide hormones including glucagon, enkephalins, substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, and bradykinin. This gene, which encodes a 100-kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein, exists in a single copy of greater than 45 kb. The 5' untranslated region of this gene is ...

FUNCTION: This gene encodes a member of the nucleoside pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate and phosphodiester bonds in nucleotide triphosphates and oligonucleotides, respectively, to generate nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. The encoded protein is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that negatively regulates bone mineralization. Mice harboring a nonsense mutation in this gene, termed tiptoe walking (ttw), exhibit ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments. The encoded protein binds to the insulin receptor, inhibits downstream signaling events and induces insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. This gene is located adjacent to a paralog on chromosome 10. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015 ...

CD20 is a B cell-specific 35/37 kDa integral membrane protein which modulates proliferation and differentiation of normal resting B cells when stimulated by CD20 antibodies. An increase in c-myc mRNA levels occurs within hours after treatment of resting B cells with CD20 mAb; however earlier events in the CD20 signal transduction pathway have not been described. Here we demonstrate that anti-CD20 mediated induction of c-myc mRNA is inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A, that CD20 is associated with both tyrosine and serine kinase activity, and that tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple substrates is induced within minutes upon ligation of CD20 with mAb. Association of the tyrosine and serine kinases with CD20 was stable in lysis buffer containing 1% NP40 and 0.25% deoxycholate. Under the same conditions, antibodies against several other B cell surface molecules failed to co-precipitate tyrosine kinase activity, however, a serine kinase was precipitated by the anti-CD19 mAb, B43. ...

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