TY - JOUR. T1 - Transfusion-related acute lung injury following random donor platelet transfusion. T2 - A report of two cases. AU - Ramanathan, Ramesh K.. AU - Triulzi, Darrell J.. AU - Logan, Theodore F.. PY - 1997/1/1. Y1 - 1997/1/1. N2 - Objectives: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) following random donor platelet (RDP) transfusion is a rare complication of transfusion without any well-documented case reported in the English language literature. We describe 2 patients in whom TRALI occurred following RDP transfusion. Methods: Conventional clinical and laboratory methods. Results: Both patients developed acute shortness of breath 30-60 min after completion of RDP transfusion and required mechanical ventilatory support. Chest X-ray (CXR) in both cases revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Patient 1 required vasopressors for hypotension. Right heart catheterization ruled out fluid overload. Patient 2 remained hemodynamically stable. Both patients improved rapidly with continued ...

ALI/ARDS is a life-threatening condition that involves inflammation of the lungs and fluid accumulation in the air sacs, which leads to low blood oxygen levels and respiratory failure. Common causes include pneumonia, septic shock, and lung trauma. Symptoms usually develop within 24 to 48 hours of the original injury or illness, and most patients require immediate care in an intensive care unit (ICU). The main form of treatment for ALI/ARDS is the delivery of oxygen and a continuous level of pressure to the damaged lungs through mechanical ventilation. Past research has shown that lower tidal volume ventilation (LTVV), a protective ventilator management technique in which lower volumes of oxygen are administered, improves short-term clinical outcomes in individuals with ALI/ARDS. However, the long-term impact of LTVV remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of LTVV on long-term outcomes in individuals with ALI/ARDS.. This study will enroll individuals admitted to an ...

ALI/ARDS is a life-threatening condition that involves inflammation of the lungs and fluid accumulation in the air sacs, which leads to low blood oxygen levels and respiratory failure. Common causes include pneumonia, septic shock, and lung trauma. Symptoms usually develop within 24 to 48 hours of the original injury or illness, and most patients require immediate care in an intensive care unit (ICU). The main form of treatment for ALI/ARDS is the delivery of oxygen and a continuous level of pressure to the damaged lungs through mechanical ventilation. Past research has shown that lower tidal volume ventilation (LTVV), a protective ventilator management technique in which lower volumes of oxygen are administered, improves short-term clinical outcomes in individuals with ALI/ARDS. However, the long-term impact of LTVV remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of LTVV on long-term outcomes in individuals with ALI/ARDS.. This study will enroll individuals admitted to an ...

An attempt to validate the modification of the American-European consensus definition of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome by the Berlin definition in a university hospital ...

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is defined as noncardiogenic pulmonary edema temporally related to the transfusion of blood products. We present a patient who, while undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation, developed acute pulmonary edema within minutes of administration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP).

Initial_mechanical_ventilation_settings#Lung_Protective_Strategy,Lung Protective Ventilator Settings]],ref,[[EBQ:ARDSnet,The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1301-1308.]] ,/ref, should be the default for all intubated patients. It has demonstrated mortality benefit for [[ARDS]]-like pulmonary conditions; limits barotrauma and decreases complications of high FiO2,ref,[[EBQ:ARDSnet,ARDSnet]] ,/ref,,ref,OBrien J. Absorption Atelectasis: Incidence and Clinical Implications. AANA Journal. June 2013. Vol. 81, No. 3.,/ref ...

References 1. Ashbaugh DG, Bigelow DB, Petty TL et al. Acute Respiratory Distress in Adults. Lancet. 1967; 2: 319-3232. Murray JF, Matthay MA, Luce JM et al. An expanded definition of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988; 138: 720-7233. Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL et al. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes and clinical trial coordination. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994 Mar; 149 (3 Pt 1): 818-8244. Rubenfeld GD, Herridge MS. Epidemiology and Outcomes of Acute Lung Injury. Chest. 2007; 131 (2): 554-5625. McCallum NS, Evans TW. Epidemiology of Acute Lung Injury. Current Opinion in Critical Care. 2005: 11; 43-496. Rubenfeld GD, Caldwell E, Peabody E et al. Incidence and outcomes of acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1685-16937. Finney SJ, Evans TW. Acute lung injury outside the ICU: a significant problem. Critical Care. 2007; 11: 1698. Hudson LD, Milberg JA, Anardi D et al. Clinical risks for ...

These settings are based on a lung protective strategy,ref,The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1301-1308. ,/ref ...

Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are currently in clinical trials for a number of inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of MSCs to attenuate inflammation in rodent models of acute lung injury (ALI) suggesting that MSCs may also be beneficial in treating ALI. To better understand how human MSCs (hMSCs) may act in ALI, the lungs of immunocompetent mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and four hours later bone marrow derived hMSCs were delivered by oropharyngeal aspiration (OA). The effect of hMSCs on lung injury was assessed by measuring the lung wet/dry weight ratio and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid 24 or 48 h after LPS. BAL fluid was also analyzed for the presence of inflammatory cells and cytokine expression by multiplex immunoassay. Microarray analysis of total RNA isolated from treated and untreated lungs was performed to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in hMSC modulation of lung inflammation. Administration of hMSCs significantly

The main pathogenesis of acute lung injury induced by haemorrhagic shock is inflammation. BML-111, a lipoxinA(4)-receptor agonist, promotes acute inflammatory resolution. We sought to elucidate whether BML-111 protects haemorrhagic shock-induced acute lung injury in rats. Thirty two adult male rats were randomized to sham group (sham), haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS), HS plus BML-111 (BML-111), and HS plus BML-111 and BOC-2 (BOC-2). Haemorrhagic shock was induced by blood drawing, and then resuscitation was obtained by infusion of shed blood and two-fold volume saline. Histological findings, as well as assays of neutrophilic infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity, ICAM-1 expression), inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory factor (IκB-α and NF-κB p65) confirmed that haemorrhagic shock induced acute lung injury. BML-111 significantly mitigated acute lung injury induced by haemorrhagic shock. However, BOC-2, an antagonist of the lipoxinA(4)-receptor, partially reversed the protective ...

1. Gervais HW, Eberle B, Konietzke D, Hennes HJ, Dick W, Comparison of blood gases of ventilated patients during transport. Critical Care Medicine 1987;15:761-763.. 2. Weiss, Steven J., et al. Automatic Transport Ventilator Versus Bag Valve In The EMS Setting: A Prospective, Randomized Trial. Southern Medical Journal 98.10 (2005): 970-976.. 3. Slutsky AS, Ranieri VM. Ventilator-induced lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 28;369(22):2126-36.. 4. Gattinoni L, Tonetti T, Cressoni M, Cadringher P, Herrmann P, Moerer O, Protti A, Gotti M, Chiurazzi C, Carlesso E, Chiumello D, Quintel M. Ventilator-related causes of lung injury: the mechanical power. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Oct;42(10):1567-75.. 5. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network: Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:1301-1308.. 6. Putensen C, Theuerkauf N, Zinserling J, Wrigge H, Pelosi P. ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common gram-negative pathogen causing pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Acute lung injury induced by bacterial exoproducts is associated with a poor outcome in P. aeruginosa pneumonia. The major pathogenic toxins among the exoproducts of P. aeruginosa and the mechanism by which they cause acute lung injury have been investigated: exoenzyme S and co-regulated toxins were found to contribute to acute lung injury. P. aeruginosa secretes these toxins through the recently defined type III secretion system (TTSS), by which gram-negative bacteria directly translocate toxins into the cytosol of target eukaryotic cells. TTSS comprises the secretion apparatus (termed the injectisome), translocators, secreted toxins, and regulatory components. In the P. aeruginosa genome, a pathogenic gene cluster, the exoenzyme S regulon, encodes genes underlying the regulation, secretion, and translocation of TTSS. Four type III secretory toxins, namely ExoS, ExoT, ExoU, and ...

This study by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network supports the use of low tidal volumes in acute lung injury and ARDS, and is consistent with a previous trial.1 It differs from 3 previous negative trials2-4 by having a larger difference in tidal volumes between groups, and by having a more aggressive approach to correcting acidosis. This study provides important information about tidal volume size; however, further research is still needed to determine the importance of concurrent strategies such as positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP).. In this study, an equation based on sex and height was used to calculate a predicted body weight, which was then used to set tidal volumes. Obesity is a common problem; the use of measured body weight can inadvertently lead to the use of high tidal volume ventilation. Tidal volumes should be based on ideal versus measured body weight.. This information is relevant to nurses who care for mechanically ventilated patients. Through continuous ...

The aim of present study was to evaluate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and investigate its possible mechanisms mediated by HMGB1. In vivo, pulmonary pathology observation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were also examined to evaluate the protective effect of DEX in the lungs. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum and lung tissues LPS-induced rats were detected. The oxidative indices including superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum were also determined. Additionally, nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, MDA, SOD and GSH-Px in the supernatants of LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells were measured. Furthermore, we detected the protein expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiating factor 88 (MyD88), inhibitor of ...

TY - CHAP. T1 - ROS signaling in the pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). AU - Kellner, Manuela. AU - Noonepalle, Satish. AU - Lu, Qing. AU - Srivastava, Anup. AU - Zemskov, Evgeny. AU - Black, Stephen M.. PY - 2017/1/1. Y1 - 2017/1/1. N2 - The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role for the maintenance of cellular processes and functions in the body. However, the excessive generation of oxygen radicals under pathological conditions such as acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leads to increased endothelial permeability. Within this hallmark of ALI and ARDS, vascular microvessels lose their junctional integrity and show increased myosin contractions that promote the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the transition of solutes and fluids in the alveolar lumen. These processes all have a redox component, and this chapter focuses on the role played ...

Hintergrund: Beatmungsassoziierte Lungenschädigung (VILI; Ventilator-induced lung injury) trägt wesentlich zur Mortalität und Morbidität von Patienten mit Lungenversagen (ALI/ARDS, Acute Lung injury/Acute respiratory distress syndrome) bei. „Lungenprotektive Beatmung ist bis dato die einzige Intervention, die Mortalität bei ARDS nachweislich senkt. Jedoch kommt es auch unter lungenprotektiver Beatmung, insbesondere in vorgeschädigten Lungen wie bei Sepsis oder Pneumonie, zum Auftreten von VILI. 30-45 % aller Patienten mit ALI/ARDS entwickeln dieses auf dem Boden einer Pneumonie oder pneumogenen Sepsis. Zusätzlich zur protektiven Beatmung könnten neue adjuvante pharmakologische Therapiestrategien die beatmungsassoziierte Lungenschädigung weiter limitieren. In dieser Arbeit wurden Adrenomedullin und Simvastatin hinsichtlich eines protektiven Effektes gegenüber VILI untersucht. Adrenomedullin ist ein endogenes Peptid mit stabilisierenden Effekten auf die endotheliale Barrierefunktion, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Platonin mitigates acute lung injury in haemorrhagic shock rats. AU - Chu, Hsi Ning. AU - Tsai, Pei Shan. AU - Wang, Tao Yeuan. AU - Huang, Chun Jen. PY - 2011/1. Y1 - 2011/1. N2 - Aim of the study: Enhanced oxidative stress and inflammatory response are crucial in mediating the development of acute lung injury induced by haemorrhagic shock with resuscitation. Platonin, a potent antioxidant, possesses potent anti-inflammation capacity. We sought to elucidate whether platonin could mitigate acute lung injury in haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation rats. Methods: Seventy-two adult male rats were randomized to receive haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS), HS plus platonin (10, 50, or 100 μg/kg intravenous injection immediately after resuscitation), sham instrumentation (Sham), or Sham plus platonin (100 μg/kg) (n=12 in each group). Haemorrhagic shock was induced by blood drawing and mean blood pressure was maintained at 40-45. mmHg for 120. min. Then, resuscitation was achieved by ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Acute lung injury. T2 - A clinical and molecular review. AU - Butt, Yasmeen. AU - Kurdowska, Anna. AU - Allen, Timothy Craig. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2016/4. Y1 - 2016/4. N2 - Context.-Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are a continuum of lung changes arising from a wide variety of lung injuries, frequently resulting in significant morbidity and frequently in death. Research regarding the molecular pathophysiology of ALI/ ARDS is ongoing, with the aim toward developing prognostic molecular biomarkers and molecular-based therapy. Objective.-To review the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of ALI/ARDS; and the molecular pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS, with consideration of possible predictive/prognostic molecular biomarkers and possible molecular-based therapies. Data Sources.-Examination of the English-language medical literature regarding ALI and ARDS. Conclusions.-ARDS is primarily a ...

Although the etiology of TRALI has not been fully delineated, two hypotheses have been postulated. The antibody-mediated hypothesis proposes that antibodies react with a corresponding antigen triggering capillary leak. Identified antibodies include antibodies to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II antigens and human neutrophil antigen (HNA). In this hypothesis, antibodies bind to recipient neutrophils. The antibody bound neutrophils are then sequestered in the lungs where activation of complement results in endothelial damage, capillary leak, and ALI. In most of these cases, the antibody is found in the donor with the corresponding antigen identified on the recipients neutrophils. Most donors associated with cases of TRALI are multiparous women who become alloimmunized during pregnancy. One notable case supporting the antibody mediated hypothesis describes a patient who underwent lung transplantation and developed dyspnea and hypoxia after receiving a transfusion of two units of packed ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Soluble CD40 ligand accumulates in stored blood components, primes neutrophils through CD40, and is a potential cofactor in the development of transfusion-related acute lung injury. AU - Khan, Samina Yasmin. AU - Kelher, Marguerite R.. AU - Heal, Joanna M.. AU - Blumberg, Neil. AU - Boshkov, Lynn K.. AU - Phipps, Richard. AU - Gettings, Kelly F.. AU - McLaughlin, Nathan J.. AU - Silliman, Christopher C.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2006/10/1. Y1 - 2006/10/1. N2 - Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a form of posttransfusion acute pulmonary insufficiency that has been linked to the infusion of biologic response modifiers (BRMs), including antileukocyte antibodies and lipids. Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is a platelet-derived proinflammatory mediator that accumulates during platelet storage. We hypothesized that human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) express CD40, CD40 ligation rapidly primes PMNs, and sCD40L induces ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Extracellular superoxide dismutase haplotypes are associated with acute lung injury and mortality. AU - Arcaroli, John J.. AU - Hokanson, John E.. AU - Abraham, Edward. AU - Geraci, Mark. AU - Murphy, James R.. AU - Bowler, Russell P.. AU - Dinarello, Charles A.. AU - Silveira, Lori. AU - Sankoff, Jeff. AU - Heyland, Daren. AU - Wischmeyer, Paul. AU - Crapo, James D.. PY - 2009/1/15. Y1 - 2009/1/15. N2 - Rationale: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a potent antioxidant that plays an important role in controlling oxidant-mediated stress and inflammation. High levels of EC-SOD are found in the lung. Acute lung injury (ALI) frequently occurs in patients with infection, and levels of EC-SOD have been shown to modulate severity of lung injury in transgenic animal models of endotoxemia-induced ALI. An R213G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been shown to alter levels of EC-SOD and patient outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischemic heart ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - An alternative method of acute lung injury classification for use in observational studies. AU - Shah, Chirag V.. AU - Lanken, Paul N.. AU - Localio, A. Russell. AU - Gallop, Robert. AU - Bellamy, Scarlett. AU - Ma, Shwu Fan. AU - Flores, Carlos. AU - Kahn, Jeremy M.. AU - Finkel, Barbara. AU - Fuchs, Barry D.. AU - Garcia, Joe G.N.. AU - Christie, Jason D.. N1 - Funding Information: Funding/Support: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grants P50HL60290, HL079063, T32 HL07891 ] and EMER07/001 . PY - 2010/11/1. Y1 - 2010/11/1. N2 - Background: In observational studies using acute lung injury (ALI) as an outcome, a spectrum of lung injury and difficult-to-interpret chest radiographs (CXRs) may hamper efforts to uncover risk factor associations. We assessed the impact of excluding patients with difficult-to-classify or equivocal ALI diagnosis on clinical and genetic risk factor associations for ALI after trauma. Methods: This study was of a prospective ...

This study was accepted to be presented for an award at the 25th Argentine Congress of Intensive Therapy. In December, 2015, this study received the 2015 Award for Best Scientific Study from the Sanatorio Anchorena Teaching and Research Committee. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest associated with this publication. Bibliography 1. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1301-1308. 2. Protti A, Cressoni M, Santini A, et al. Lung stress and strain during mechanical ventilation: any safe threshold? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 1354-1362. 3. Brochard L, Rauss A, Benito S, et al. Comparison of three methods of gradual withdrawal from ventilatory support during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150: 896-903. 4. Esteban A, Frutos F, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Validation of an electronic surveillance system for acute lung injury. AU - Herasevich, Vitaly. AU - Yilmaz, Murat. AU - Khan, Hasrat. AU - Hubmayr, Rolf D.. AU - Gajic, Ognjen. PY - 2009/6/1. Y1 - 2009/6/1. N2 - Objective: Early detection of acute lung injury (ALI) is essential for timely implementation of evidence-based therapies and enrollment into clinical trials. We aimed to determine the accuracy of computerized syndrome surveillance for detection of ALI in hospitalized patients and compare it with routine clinical assessment. Design: Using a near-real time copy of the electronic medical records, we developed and validated a custom ALI electronic alert (ALI sniffer) based on the European-American Consensus Conference Definition and compared its performance against provider-derived documentation. Patients and setting: A total of 3,795 consecutive critically ill patients admitted to nine multidisciplinary intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care teaching institution ...

Biphasic positive airway pressure (BIVENT) is a partial support mode that employs pressure-controlled, time-cycled ventilation set at two levels of continuous positive airway pressure with unrestricted spontaneous breathing. BIVENT can modulate inspiratory effort by modifying the frequency of controlled breaths. Nevertheless, the optimal amount of inspiratory effort to improve respiratory function while minimizing ventilator-associated lung injury during partial ventilatory assistance has not been determined. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the effects of partial ventilatory support depend on acute lung injury (ALI) etiology. This study aimed to investigate the impact of spontaneous and time-cycled control breaths during BIVENT on the lung and diaphragm in experimental pulmonary (p) and extrapulmonary (exp) ALI. This was a prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study of 60 adult male Wistar rats. Mild ALI was induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide either intratracheally (ALIp) or

TY - JOUR. T1 - Neurogenic pulmonary edema. T2 - Another multiple-hit model of acute lung injury. AU - Gajic, Ognjen. AU - Manno, Edward M.. PY - 2007/8/1. Y1 - 2007/8/1. KW - Acute lung injury. KW - Complications. KW - Head injury. KW - Outcome assessment. KW - Pulmonary edema. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34547657611&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34547657611&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1097/01.CCM.0000277254.12230.7D. DO - 10.1097/01.CCM.0000277254.12230.7D. M3 - Editorial. C2 - 17667244. AN - SCOPUS:34547657611. VL - 35. SP - 1979. EP - 1980. JO - Critical Care Medicine. JF - Critical Care Medicine. SN - 0090-3493. IS - 8. ER - ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Functional genomic assessment of phosgene-induced acute lung injury in mice. AU - Leikauf, George D.. AU - Concel, Vincent J.. AU - Bein, Kiflai. AU - Liu, Pengyuan. AU - Berndt, Annerose. AU - Martin, Timothy M.. AU - Ganguly, Koustav. AU - Jang, An Soo. AU - Brant, Kelly A.. AU - Dopico, Richard A.. AU - Upadhyay, Swapna. AU - Cario, Clinton. AU - Peter Di, Y. P.. AU - Vuga, Louis J.. AU - Kostem, Emrah. AU - Eskin, Eleazar. AU - You, Ming. AU - Kaminski, Naftali. AU - Prows, Daniel R.. AU - Knoell, Daren L.. AU - Fabisiak, James P.. PY - 2013/9/1. Y1 - 2013/9/1. N2 - In this study, a genetically diverse panel of 43 mouse strains was exposed to phosgene and genome-wide association mapping performed using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assembly. Transcriptomic analysis was also used to improve the genetic resolution in the identification of genetic determinants of phosgene-induced acute lung injury (ALI). We prioritized the identified genes based on whether ...

Dive into the research topics of ROS signaling in the pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Authors: Wang, Bing , Wu, Bin , Ran, Yan-Ni Article Type: Research Article Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) guided by esophageal pressure is better than the acute respiratory distress syndrome network (ARDSNet) during the treatment of traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. SUGGESTIONS: The use of the oxygenation method of inhaled oxygen concentration titration PEEP is suggested. METHODS: This study takes traumatic ARDS patients as the research object. The data of 23 patients were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the esophageal pressure titration PEEP group (n = …12), and the ARDSNet (PEEP-FiO 2 table) titration PEEP group (n = 11). All patients were given mechanical ventilation, and changes in oxygenation index, respiratory mechanics, hemodynamics and inflammatory reaction index were recorded when titrating the best PEEP with the two methods on the current day of ...

ARDSNET STUDY PDF - Low tidal volume, low pressure. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal.

ARDSNET STUDY PDF - Low tidal volume, low pressure. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal.

Treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), remain unsolved problems of intensive care medicine. ALI/ARDS are characterized by lung edema due to increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier and subsequent impairment of arterial oxygenation. Lung edema, endothelial and epithelial injury are accompanied by an influx of neutrophils into the interstitium and broncheoalveolar space. Hence, activation and recruitment of neutrophils are regarded to play a key role in progression of ALI/ARDS. Neutrophils are the first cells to be recruited to the site of inflammation and have a potent antimicrobial armour that includes oxidants, proteinases and cationic peptides. Under pathological circumstances, however, unregulated release of these microbicidal compounds into the extracellular space paradoxically can damage host tissues. This review focuses on the mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment into the lung and on the contribution of neutrophils

The overall aim of the present thesis was to study aspects of patient safety in critically ill patients with special focus on airway management, respiratory complications and nursing procedures. Study I describes a method called pharyngeal oxygen administration during intubation in an experimental acute lung injury model. The study showed that pharyngeal oxygenation prevented or considerably increased the time to life-threatening hypoxemia at shunt fractions by at least up to 25% and that this technique could be implemented in airway algorithms for the intubation of hypoxemic patients. In study II, we investigated short-term disconnection of the expiratory circuit from the ventilator during filter exchange in critically ill patients. We demonstrated that when using pressure modes in the ventilator, there was no indication of any significant deterioration in the patients lung function. A bench test suggests that this result is explained by auto-triggering with high inspiratory flows during the ...

Today we will be discussing TRALI, or transfusion-related acute lung injury. TRALI accounts for almost half of all transfusion-related fatalities in the United States.. Although several mechanisms exist, one of the major causes of TRALI is donor antibodies to white blood cells, such as human leukocyte antigen and human neutrophil antigen, or commonly referred to as HLA and HNA.. Dr. AuBuchon who wrote an editorial in TRANSFUSION comments:. Blood collectors in the United States have taken steps over the last half-dozen years to reduce the risk of TRALI through plasma, and, in many cases, also apheresis platelets. This has primarily involved women who have previously been pregnant, either deferring the use of their plasma or testing them to identify those lacking HLA antibodies. These steps have resulted in a reduction of TRALI risk by about three-quarters.. Dr. Vandekerckhove and his colleagues in Belgium screened 77 male plateletpheresis donors with a history of transfusions and 942 female ...

Background: Acute lung injury is an important cause of respiratory failure in the critically ill patient. It is caused by damage to the alveolar barrier with subsequent alveolar flooding leading to the development of refractory hypoxaemia. beta Agonists stimulate alveolar fluid clearance in animal models of lung injury. In a clinical trial (BALTI-1), intravenous beta agonists reduced extravascular lung water, an effect that took 72 h in contrast with what animal studies suggest. One possible explanation for the delay in change in extravascular lung water is the time required for salbutamol to stimulate alveolar epithelial repair ...

Research outputs, collaborations and relationships for Acute Lung Injury (ALI) / Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Center of Excellence, Pitt published between 1 June 2019 - 31 May 2020 as tracked by the Nature Index.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Simvastatin attenuates vascular leak and inflammation in murine inflammatory lung injury. AU - Jacobson, Jeffrey R.. AU - Barnard, Joseph W.. AU - Grigoryev, Dmitry N.. AU - Ma, Shwu Fan. AU - Tuder, Rubin M.. AU - Garcia, Joe G N. PY - 2005/6. Y1 - 2005/6. N2 - Therapies to limit the life-threatening vascular leak observed in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) are currently lacking. We explored the effect of simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitor that mediates endothelial cell barrier protection in vitro, in a murine inflammatory model of ALL C57BL/6J mice were treated with simvastatin (5 or 20 mg/kg body wt via intraperitoneal injection) 24 h before and again concomitantly with intratracheally administered LPS (2 μg/g body wt). Inflammatory indexes [bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) myeloperoxidase activity and total neutrophil counts assessed at 24 h with histological confirmation] were markedly increased after LPS alone but significantly ...

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a prevalent and devastating condition in the intensive care unit. Although pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) provide clinicians with important data about a patients haemodynamic status, doubts about their clinical benefit and worries about safety have raised questions about their usefulness. This study was designed to address this issue, with 1000 patients recruited in 20 North American centres. Patients were recruited after being diagnosed with ALI and were managed haemodynamically according to a standardised management protocol. 513 patients were randomised to have a PAC and 487 to have a standard central venous catheter (CVC).. Both the PAC and CVC groups had similar rates of death during the first 60 days (27.4% and 26.3% respectively, p = 0.69). Mean (SE) ventilator-free days were also similar (13.2 (0.5) and 13.5 (0.5), p = 0.58), as were the number of days not spent in the intensive care unit up to day 28 (12.0 (0.4) and 12.5 (0.5), p = 0.40). Using a PAC did ...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life threatening respiratory failure due to lung injury from a variety of precipitants. Pathologically ARDS is characterised by diffuse alveolar damage, alveolar capillary leakage, and protein rich pulmonary oedema leading to the clinical manifestation of poor lung compliance, severe hypoxaemia, and bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph. Several aetiological factors associated with the development of ARDS are identified with sepsis, pneumonia, and trauma with multiple transfusions accounting for most cases. Despite the absence of a robust diagnostic definition, extensive epidemiological investigations suggest ARDS remains a significant health burden with substantial morbidity and mortality. Improvements in outcome following ARDS over the past decade are in part due to improved strategies of mechanical ventilation and advanced support of other failing organs. Optimal treatment involves judicious fluid management, protective lung ventilation with ...

The Acute Lung Injury (ALI) Center of Excellence, under the direction of Rama Mallampalli, MD, is focused on the investigation of fundamental mechanisms underlying the development and repair of lung injury, and the translational and clinical implications. The program utilizes state-of-the-art tools in molecular, biochemical, translational, and clinical investigation. Investigators within the Center are supported by the National Institutes of Health through 12 R01 grants and a Program Project Grant, by the Department of Veterans Affairs with two VA Merit awards, and by several philanthropic societies through seven investigator-initiated grant awards. Collaborative interactions exist with investigators in the Departments of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health, Pathology, and Surgery. In addition to cutting-edge basic and translational science, investigators in the Center are currently establishing and participating in clinical trials with mesenchymal stem ...

Severe trauma, caused by flame burn and smoke (B + S) inhalation induces acute lung injury (ALI) and results in the loss of pulmonary function. A cascade of molecular and cellular events initiates the formation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) that in turn drives an inflammatory response and consequently cell death through hyper-activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1). The purpose of this study was to investigate and counteract pulmonary dysfunction associated with nitrosative stress generated after B + S inhalation injury in an ovine and murine model of ALI. \r\nIn our time course experiment, sheep were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours post B + S injury. From 4 through 24 hours, there was a progressive increase in airway obstruction and lung edema formation. Furthermore, injury was associated with increased ROS/RNS generation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and neutrophil accumulation. Additionally, PARP-1 enzymatic activity increased in parallel with ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Foeniculum vulgare mill. Protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice through ERK-dependent NF-kB activation. AU - Lee, Hui Su. AU - Kang, Purum. AU - Kim, Ka Young. AU - Seol, Geun Hee. PY - 2015/3/1. Y1 - 2015/3/1. N2 - Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) is used to flavor food, in cosmetics, as an antioxidant, and to treat microbial, diabetic and common inflammation. No study to date, however, has assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of fennel in experimental models of inflammation. The aims of this study were to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of fennel in model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Mice were randomly assigned to seven groups (n=7 ∼ 10). In five groups, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1% Tween 80-saline (vehicle), fennel (125, 250, 500 μ l/kg), or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), followed 1 h later by intratracheal instillation of LPS (1.5 mg/kg). In two groups, the mice were intraperitoneally ...

In order to investigate FeSO4, ZnSO4 (the two of main metal compositions of Shanghai PM2.5 (particle matter with those aerodynamical diameter |2.5 mu m)) effects on acute lung injury, six solutions contained PM2.5 aerosol particles, FeSO4, ZnSO4 and their mixtures were instilled intratracheally into mouse lungs for experiment. By 2 days. after instillation, the live mice were checked in vivo by synchrotron refractive index microradiography. In addition after extracted and examined by dissection, the right lobes of lung were fixed by formalin, then imaged by synchrotron microradiography again. Corresponding parts of those lung tissues were embedded in paraffin for histopathologic study. The synchrotron X-ray microradiographs of live mouse lung showed different lung texture changes after instilled with different toxic solutions. Hemorrhage points in lung were observed more from those mice instilled by FeSO4 contained toxin solutions groups. Bronchial epithelial hyperplasia can be observed in ZnSO4

Ion channels/pumps are essential regulators of organ homeostasis and disease. In the present review we discuss the role of the mechanosensitive cation channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), in cytokine secretion and pulmonary inflammatory diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). TRPV4 has been shown to play a role in lung diseases associated with lung parenchymal stretch or stiffness. TRPV4 indirectly mediates hypotonicity-induced smooth muscle contraction and airway remodeling in asthma. Further, the literature suggests that in cystic fibrosis TRPV4 may improve ciliary beat frequency (CBF) enhancing mucociliary clearance, while at the same time increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion/lung tissue injury. Currently it is understood that the role of TRPV4 in immune cell function and associated lung tissue injury/ARDS may depend on the injury stimulus. Uncovering the downstream mechanisms of TRPV4 action in

TY - JOUR. T1 - Invited review. T2 - Nutrition support for the Acute Lung Injury/adult respiratory distress syndrome patient: A review. AU - Turner, Krista L.. AU - Moore, Frederick A.. AU - Martindale, Robert. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2011/2. Y1 - 2011/2. N2 - Support for Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in many ways represents the summation of all intensive care unit nutrition modalities. Basic tenets of management are based on those established for the general population of mechanically ventilated patients. As a marker of critical illness however, patients with ALI/ARDS suffer from other organ dysfunctions that require advanced support. Specific issues to be considered in this population include carbon dioxide production, prevention of aspiration, and modulation of the inflammatory response. These particular areas, with special attention paid to the role of lipids in ALI/ARDS, will be reviewed.. AB - Support ...

Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation induces pulmonary inflammation that leads to acute lung injury. Biliverdin, a metabolite of heme catabolism, has been shown to have potent cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. This study aimed to examine the effects of intravenous biliverdin administration on lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats. Biliverdin or vehicle was administered to the rats 1 h before sham or hemorrhagic shock-inducing surgery. The sham-operated rats underwent all surgical procedures except bleeding. To induce hemorrhagic shock, rats were bled to achieve a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg that was maintained for 60 min, followed by resuscitation with shed blood. Histopathological changes in the lungs were evaluated by histopathological scoring analysis. Inflammatory gene expression was determined by Northern blot analysis, and oxidative DNA damage was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine levels in the lungs. Hemorrhagic ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Contributions of high mobility group box protein in experimental and clinical acute lung injury. AU - Ueno, Hiroshi. AU - Matsuda, Tomoyuki. AU - Hashimoto, Satoru. AU - Amaya, Fumimasa. AU - Kitamura, Yoshihiro. AU - Tanaka, Masaki. AU - Kobayash, Atsuko. AU - Maruyama, Ikuro. AU - Yamada, Shingo. AU - Hasegawa, Naoki. AU - Soejima, Junko. AU - Koh, Hidefumi. AU - Ishizaka, Akitoshi. PY - 2004/12/15. Y1 - 2004/12/15. N2 - This study was performed to examine the putative role of high mobility group box (HMGB) protein in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Observations were made (7) in 21 patients who were septic with ALI and 15 patients with normal lung function and (2) in a mouse model 24 hours after intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The concentrations of HMGB1 were increased in plasma and lung epithelial lining fluid of patients with ALI and mice instilled with LPS. LPS-induced ALI was mitigated by anti-HMGB1 antibody. Although this protein was ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Hydrogen inhalation protects against acute lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. AU - Kohama, Keisuke. AU - Yamashita, Hayato. AU - Aoyama-Ishikawa, Michiko. AU - Takahashi, Toru. AU - Billiar, Timothy R.. AU - Nishimura, Takeshi. AU - Kotani, Joji. AU - Nakao, Atsunori. PY - 2015/8/1. Y1 - 2015/8/1. N2 - Introduction Hemorrhagic shock followed by fluid resuscitation (HS/R) triggers an inflammatory response and causes pulmonary inflammation that can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). Hydrogen, a therapeutic gas, has potent cytoprotective, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects. This study examined the effects of inhaled hydrogen on ALI caused by HS/R. Methods Rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock by withdrawing blood to lower blood pressure followed by resuscitation with shed blood and saline to restore blood pressure. After HS/R, the rats were maintained in a control gas of similar composition to room air or exposed to 1.3% hydrogen. Results HS/R ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 attenuates acute lung injury in mice after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. AU - Cui, Tianpen. AU - Miksa, Michael. AU - Wu, Rongqian. AU - Komura, Hidefumi. AU - Zhou, Mian. AU - Dong, Weifeng. AU - Wang, Zhimin. AU - Higuchi, Shinya. AU - Chaung, Wayne. AU - Blau, Steven A.. AU - Marini, Corrado P.. AU - Ravikumar, Thanjavur S.. AU - Wang, Ping. PY - 2010/2/1. Y1 - 2010/2/1. N2 - Rationale: Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a potent opsonin for the clearance of apoptotic cells and is produced by mononuclear cells of immune competent organs including the spleen and lungs. It attenuates chronic and acute inflammation such as autoimmune glomerulonephritis and bacterial sepsis by enhancing apoptotic cell clearance. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the gut results in severe inflammation, apoptosis, and remote organ damage, including acute lung injury (ALI). Objectives: To determine whether MFG-E8 attenuates ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Matrine Attenuates COX-2 and ICAM-1 Expressions in Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Prevents Acute Lung Injury in LPS-Induced Mice. AU - Liou, Chian Jiun. AU - Lai, You Rong. AU - Chen, Ya Ling. AU - Chang, Yi Hsien. AU - Li, Zih Ying. AU - Huang, Wen Chung. PY - 2016/1/1. Y1 - 2016/1/1. N2 - Matrine is isolated from Sophora flavescens and shows anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. Here we evaluated matrines suppressive effects on cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressions in lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) stimulated human lung epithelial A549 cells. Additionally, BALB/c mice were given various matrine doses by intraperitoneal injection, and then lung injury was induced via intratracheal instillation of LPS. In LPS-stimulated A549 cells, matrine inhibited the productions of interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and IL-6 and decreased COX-2 expression. Matrine treatment also decreased ICAM-1 protein expression and suppressed ...

Mechanical ventilation with a lower tidal volume resulted in decreased mortality in patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome ...

In patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation with a lower tidal volume than is traditionally used results in decreased mortality and increases the number of days without ventilator use.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Erratum to. T2 - Keratinocyte growth factor in acute lung injury to reduce pulmonary dysfunction - a randomised placebo-controlled trial (KARE): study protocol. AU - Cross, Laurence J M. AU - OKane, Cecilia M. AU - McDowell, Cliona. AU - Elborn, Jospeh J. AU - Matthay, Michael A. AU - McAuley, Daniel F. PY - 2017/5/11. Y1 - 2017/5/11. KW - Published Erratum. U2 - 10.1186/s13063-017-1930-7. DO - 10.1186/s13063-017-1930-7. M3 - Article. C2 - 28494790. VL - 18. SP - 214. JO - Trials. JF - Trials. SN - 1745-6215. IS - 1. ER - ...

Inadequate ventilator settings may cause overwhelming inflammatory responses associated with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we examined potential benefits of glutamine (GLN) on a two-hit model for VILI after acid aspiration-induced lung injury in rats. Rats were intratracheally challenged with hydrochloric acid as a first hit to induce lung inflammation, then randomly received intravenous GLN or lactated Ringers solution (vehicle control) thirty min before different ventilator strategies. Rats were then randomized to receive mechanical ventilation as a second hit with a high tidal volume (TV) of 15 mL/kg and zero positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or a low TV of 6 mL/kg with PEEP of 5 cm H2O. We evaluated lung oxygenation, inflammation, mechanics, and histology. After ventilator use for 4 h, high TV resulted in greater lung injury physiologic and biologic indices. Compared with vehicle treated rats, GLN administration

Snake venom has been used for centuries as a traditional Chinese medicine. Hydrostatin-SN1 (H-SN1), a bioactive peptide extracted from the Hydrophis cyanocinctus venom gland T7 phage display library, was reported to have the ability to reduce inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis model. In this study, we sought to investigate the inhibitory potential of H-SN1 on inflammation in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, C57BL/6 male mice were intratracheally instilled with LPS or physiological saline with concurrent intraperitoneal injection of H-SN1 or saline alone. Lung histopathologic changes, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissues were assessed. Total cell number, the protein concentration, and cytokine levels were determined in the bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. In vitro, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with

TY - JOUR. T1 - Nitrite reduces acute lung injury and improves survival in a rat lung transplantation model. AU - Sugimoto, R.. AU - Okamoto, T.. AU - Nakao, A.. AU - Zhan, J.. AU - Wang, Y.. AU - Kohmoto, J.. AU - Tokita, D.. AU - Farver, C. F.. AU - Tarpey, M. M.. AU - Billiar, T. R.. AU - Gladwin, M. T.. AU - McCurry, K. R.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2013 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2012/11. Y1 - 2012/11. N2 - Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of early mortality following lung transplantation (LTx). We hypothesized that nitrite, an endogenous source of nitric oxide (NO), may protect lung grafts from IRI. Rat lung grafts were stored in preservation solution at 4°C for 6 hours. Both grafts and recipients were treated with nitrite. Nitrite treatment was associated with significantly higher levels of tissue oxygenation, lower levels of cytokines and neutrophil/macrophage infiltration, lower myeloperoxidase activity, reduced oxidative injury and increased ...

Why this is important:- Audits have shown that fresh frozen plasma is widely used for non-bleeding patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and many other clinical settings. There is a large variation in dose and no real evidence base to guide practice. Fresh frozen plasma transfusions may cause adverse outcomes in people who are critically ill, including transfusion-related acute lung injury, transfusion-related circulatory overload, multi-organ failure and an increased risk of infections ...

To test the hypothesis that the concentration of angiopoietin-2 relative to angiopoietin-1 may be a useful biological marker of mortality in acute lung injury patients. We also tested the association of concentration of angiopoietin-2 relative to ang

TY - JOUR. T1 - Failure of lung repair following acute lung injury; Regulation of the fibroproliferative response (Part 1). AU - Snyder, L. S.. AU - Hertz, M. I.. AU - Harmon, K. R.. AU - Bitterman, P. B.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0025172075&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0025172075&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1378/chest.98.3.733. DO - 10.1378/chest.98.3.733. M3 - Article. C2 - 2394149. AN - SCOPUS:0025172075. VL - 98. SP - 733. EP - 738. JO - Chest. JF - Chest. SN - 0012-3692. IS - 3. ER - ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Biomarker evidence of myocardial cell injury is associated with mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. AU - Bajwa, Ednan K.. AU - Boyce, Paul D.. AU - Januzzi, James L.. AU - Gong, Michelle N.. AU - Thompson, B. Taylor. AU - Christiani, David C.. PY - 2007/11. Y1 - 2007/11. N2 - OBJECTIVE: Although a number of studies have reported elevated levels of markers of myocardial necrosis among critically ill patients, the association between these markers and outcome remains poorly studied in patients with lung injury. We investigated the association of elevated troponin and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme levels with mortality and organ failure in subjects with acute respiratory distress syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary academic medical center. PATIENTS: A total of 305 subjects with acute respiratory distress syndrome enrolled in a prospective intensive care unit cohort. INTERVENTION: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Cardiac biomarker data were ...

This article reviews the noninfectious pulmonary syndromes that cause morbidity and mortality early after hematopoietic cell transplantation with an emphasis on risk factors, clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes. The first section covers idiopathic pneumonia syndrome and its subtypes: peri-engraftment respiratory distress syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, delayed pulmonary toxicity syndrome, and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. The second section covers pulmonary toxicities of chemotherapies and immunosuppressive agents used in this setting. The final section covers less common syndromes, including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary cytolytic thrombi, pulmonary venoocclusive disease, and transfusion-related acute lung injury.. ...

Results Free mitochondrial DNA and formylated peptides were elevated in ARDS patients. Mitochondrial formylated peptides induced FPR1-dependent neutrophil chemotaxis through PI3K- and MAPK-mediated control of the β2-integrin heterodimer Mac1. In sterile acid-induced injury FPR1 inhibition resulted in reduced neutrophil migration, pulmonary haemorrhage, protein leak and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, acid-induced reduction in alveolar macrophage number was inhibited while interstitial macrophages displayed an alternatively activated phenotype. FPR1 was also found to be expressed on mouse type 1 alveolar epithelial cells suggesting further possible mechanisms through which FPR1-mediated alveolar leak occurs. Importantly, delivery of FPR1 antagonists 12 h after injury also reduced acute lung inflammation demonstrating potential therapeutic relevance. In non-sterile E. coli-mediated lung injury partial antagonism of FPR1 resulted in reduced alveolar neutrophil numbers and ...

Acute lung injury is a leading cause of death in bacterial sepsis due to the wholesale destruction of the lung endothelial barrier, which results in protein-rich lung edema, influx of proinflammatory leukocytes, and intractable hypoxemia. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed lytic cell death that is triggered by inflammatory caspases, but little is known about its role in EC death and acute lung injury. Here, we show that systemic exposure to the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes severe endothelial pyroptosis that is mediated by the inflammatory caspases, human caspases 4/5 in human ECs, or the murine homolog caspase-11 in mice in vivo. In caspase-11-deficient mice, BM transplantation with WT hematopoietic cells did not abrogate endotoxemia-induced acute lung injury, indicating a central role for nonhematopoietic caspase-11 in endotoxemia. Additionally, conditional deletion of caspase-11 in ECs reduced endotoxemia-induced lung edema, neutrophil accumulation, and death. These ...

Acute lung injury is a leading cause of death in bacterial sepsis due to the wholesale destruction of the lung endothelial barrier, which results in protein-rich lung edema, influx of proinflammatory leukocytes, and intractable hypoxemia. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed lytic cell death that is triggered by inflammatory caspases, but little is known about its role in EC death and acute lung injury. Here, we show that systemic exposure to the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes severe endothelial pyroptosis that is mediated by the inflammatory caspases, human caspases 4/5 in human ECs, or the murine homolog caspase-11 in mice in vivo. In caspase-11-deficient mice, BM transplantation with WT hematopoietic cells did not abrogate endotoxemia-induced acute lung injury, indicating a central role for nonhematopoietic caspase-11 in endotoxemia. Additionally, conditional deletion of caspase-11 in ECs reduced endotoxemia-induced lung edema, neutrophil accumulation, and death. These ...

Acute lung injury is a leading cause of death in bacterial sepsis due to the wholesale destruction of the lung endothelial barrier, which results in protein-rich lung edema, influx of proinflammatory leukocytes, and intractable hypoxemia. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed lytic cell death that is triggered by inflammatory caspases, but little is known about its role in EC death and acute lung injury. Here, we show that systemic exposure to the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes severe endothelial pyroptosis that is mediated by the inflammatory caspases, human caspases 4/5 in human ECs, or the murine homolog caspase-11 in mice in vivo. In caspase-11-deficient mice, BM transplantation with WT hematopoietic cells did not abrogate endotoxemia-induced acute lung injury, indicating a central role for nonhematopoietic caspase-11 in endotoxemia. Additionally, conditional deletion of caspase-11 in ECs reduced endotoxemia-induced lung edema, neutrophil accumulation, and death. These ...

Seventy percent of the younger patients and 40% of the older patients were discharged from the hospital alive within the first 180 days. At the time of entry into the study, the severity of lung injury was similar in both age groups. Older patients needed the respirator longer, were more likely to require reinstitution of respirator therapy after initial improvement, and stayed in the intensive care unit longer than younger patients. At 28 days after initiation of respirator use, the survival rate was lower with each decade of advancing age ...

Neutrophils dominate the early immune response in pathogen-induced acute lung injury, but efforts to harness their responses have not led to therapeutic advancements. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been proposed as an innate defense mechanism responsible for pathogen clearance, but there are concerns that NETs may induce collateral damage to host tissues. Here, we detected NETs in abundance in mouse models of severe bacterial pneumonia/acute lung injury and in human subjects with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from pneumonia or sepsis. Decreasing NETs reduced lung injury and improved survival after DNase I treatment or with partial protein arginine deiminase 4 deficiency (PAD4+/-). Complete PAD4 deficiency (PAD4-/-) reduced NETs and lung injury but was counterbalanced by increased bacterial load and inflammation. Importantly, we discovered that the lipoxin pathway could be a potent modulator of NET formation, and that mice deficient in the lipoxin receptor (Fpr2-/-) ...

Neutrophils dominate the early immune response in pathogen-induced acute lung injury, but efforts to harness their responses have not led to therapeutic advancements. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been proposed as an innate defense mechanism responsible for pathogen clearance, but there are concerns that NETs may induce collateral damage to host tissues. Here, we detected NETs in abundance in mouse models of severe bacterial pneumonia/acute lung injury and in human subjects with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from pneumonia or sepsis. Decreasing NETs reduced lung injury and improved survival after DNase I treatment or with partial protein arginine deiminase 4 deficiency (PAD4+/-). Complete PAD4 deficiency (PAD4-/-) reduced NETs and lung injury but was counterbalanced by increased bacterial load and inflammation. Importantly, we discovered that the lipoxin pathway could be a potent modulator of NET formation, and that mice deficient in the lipoxin receptor (Fpr2-/-) ...

CohBars novel CB5064 analogs are agonists of the apelin receptor in vitro and also improve metabolic dysfunction in vivo in obese mice, a known apelin effect, said Kenneth C. Cundy, PhD, CohBars Chief Scientific Officer. In published preclinical studies, apelin signaling demonstrates a key role in protecting animals from acute lung injury and restoring metabolic homeostasis. Our peptides could potentially block many of the acute effects of COVID-19 associated ARDS, and their beneficial effects could extend to protecting other organs from the cytokine storm and reducing mortality in COVID-19 and other forms of acute lung injury.. COVID-19 associated ARDS is a new target for the companys ongoing program of CB5064 analogs. These analogs previously demonstrated efficacy in diet induced obese or DIO mice, a widely used model of type 2 diabetes, leading to significant reduction in body weight, adiposity, and improvement in insulin sensitivity, as presented by CohBar at the American Diabetes ...

PubMed journal article Ventilatory support in children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: proceedings from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conferenc were found in PRIME PubMed. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone or iPad.

Although acute lung injury contributes significantly to critical illness, resolution often occurs spontaneously via activation of incompletely understood pathways. We recently found that mechanical ventilation of mice increases the level of pulmonary adenosine, and that mice deficient for extracellular adenosine generation show increased pulmonary edema and inflammation after ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Here, we profiled the response to VILI in mice with genetic deletions of each of the 4 adenosine receptors (ARs) and found that deletion of the A2BAR gene was specifically associated with reduced survival time and increased pulmonary albumin leakage after injury. In WT mice, treatment with an A2BAR-selective antagonist resulted in enhanced pulmonary inflammation, edema, and attenuated gas exchange, while an A2BAR agonist attenuated VILI. In bone marrow-chimeric A2BAR mice, although the pulmonary inflammatory response involved A2BAR signaling from bone marrow-derived cells, A2BARs ...

My career in critical care began in the late 1990s when I was working as a hospitalist in a small hospital in San Francisco shortly after I completed residency. At this hospital, the hospitalist service ran the intensive care unit (ICU). There it became clear to me that I wanted to devote my professional career to the field of critical care. I was fortunate to have obtained the mentorship of Michael Gropper, MD, PhD, and Jeanine Wiener-Kronish, MD, at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF, the home of this journals founding coeditor, Dr Kathleen Dracup), where I ended up being involved in 2 years of translational research focusing on acute lung injury, as well as completing my clinical critical care fellowship in 2002. I have spent all of my time as a critical care attending working in surgical ICUs, most recently at Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine (the home of the other founding coeditor of this journal, Dr Christopher Bryan-Brown) in New York ...

Objective: To determine whether Tidal Volume (Vt) between 6 and 10 ml/kg affects outcome for children with ALI.; Methods: Review of PICU admissions from 2000-2007. Inclusion criteria were intubation and ventilation with at least one PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 300.; Results: 398 patients were included. Overall mortality was 20% with a median Vt of 7.4 ml/kg. Median Vt on the first day of mechanical ventilation was lower in the group that died, although not statistically significant (p=0.06). After controlling for year, Delta P (PIP-PEEP), PEEP, and severity of lung disease, Vt was not associated with mortality (p>0.1), but higher Vt on day one of ventilation was associated with more ventilator free days ( ...

Objective: To determine whether Tidal Volume (Vt) between 6 and 10 ml/kg affects outcome for children with ALI.; Methods: Review of PICU admissions from 2000-2007. Inclusion criteria were intubation and ventilation with at least one PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 300.; Results: 398 patients were included. Overall mortality was 20% with a median Vt of 7.4 ml/kg. Median Vt on the first day of mechanical ventilation was lower in the group that died, although not statistically significant (p=0.06). After controlling for year, Delta P (PIP-PEEP), PEEP, and severity of lung disease, Vt was not associated with mortality (p>0.1), but higher Vt on day one of ventilation was associated with more ventilator free days ( ...

We found a significant independent association between ARDS and subsequent AKI. Although several studies point to physiologic mechanisms responsible for a deleterious effect of ARDS on other organs, little information was available on the clinical effect of ARDS on kidney function. Our results support the addition of ARDS to the list of risk factors for AKI in critically ill patients.. The growing evidence pointing to deleterious interactions between kidney and lung dysfunctions suggests a partial explanation for the natural history of multiple organ dysfunctions in critically ill patients (9). In experimental studies in animals or healthy volunteers, acute lung injury adversely affected kidney function. The three main underlying mechanisms were positive-pressure ventilation, hypoxemia, and systemic inflammation. Positive-pressure ventilation may modify the cardiac preload and has been associated with systemic hemodynamic changes leading to decreases in the GFR, renal blood flow, and free water ...

We found a significant independent association between ARDS and subsequent AKI. Although several studies point to physiologic mechanisms responsible for a deleterious effect of ARDS on other organs, little information was available on the clinical effect of ARDS on kidney function. Our results support the addition of ARDS to the list of risk factors for AKI in critically ill patients.. The growing evidence pointing to deleterious interactions between kidney and lung dysfunctions suggests a partial explanation for the natural history of multiple organ dysfunctions in critically ill patients (9). In experimental studies in animals or healthy volunteers, acute lung injury adversely affected kidney function. The three main underlying mechanisms were positive-pressure ventilation, hypoxemia, and systemic inflammation. Positive-pressure ventilation may modify the cardiac preload and has been associated with systemic hemodynamic changes leading to decreases in the GFR, renal blood flow, and free water ...

Medical Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit. Expertise, Disease and Conditions: Acute Lung Injury (ALI), Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Critic... [more]. Research Interests: Ventilation-associated lung injury, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (A... [more]. ...

Type I cells are eroded from inflamed, edematous alveolar walls with scattered PMNs. Proteinaceous exudate (the hyaline membrane) lines respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts (arrow), and some alveoli. Type II cell hyperplasia indicates early repair.. Organizing diffuse alveolar damage ...

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後來又一篇NEJM(再跪)探討揪竟Lower TV跟Higher PEEP的策略是如何降低VILI的發生，誒抖，接下來是我的理解可能有錯還請指正。目前LTV的算法是用PBW去算，並不是針對ARDS當下肺部實際的生理狀況去校正。. 誒話若要說透支(好老派)，就得來說一下Baby lung的概念，以前以為ARDS的肺部compliance差是因為整個肺部變得很硬(stiff)，後來發現其實是因為能夠行氣體交換的aerated lung/functional lung變得很小，所以其實the acute respiratory distress syndrome lung is not stiff but instead small, with nearly normal intrinsic elasticity且what appears dangerous is not the VT/kg ratio but instead the VT/baby lung ratio。. 也就是用PBW去校正VT不太能反映當下肺部的狀況，應該要用當時的lower respiratory-system compliance (Crs)校正才合理，所以應該要看的參數是VT /Crs，這個比值即為Driving ...

The composition and toxicity of a commercial leather conditioner that was responsible for a nationwide outbreak of respiratory illness in 1992 were studied. The outbreak of respiratory illness occurred with the use of a new formulation of an existing leather spray product. The chemical characteristics of the original and new spray formulations were studied and their toxic effects were assessed fol

Chapter 11: Current And Future Competitive Landscape. Contact for Any Query or Get Customized Report @ https://www.crediblemarkets.com/enquire-request/acute-lung-injury-pipeline-drugs-market-328254 Points Covered in the Report. • The points that are discussed within the report are the major market players that are involved in the market such as market players, raw material suppliers, equipment suppliers, end users, traders, distributors and etc.. • The complete profile of the companies is mentioned. And the capacity, production, price, revenue, cost, gross, gross margin, sales volume, sales revenue, consumption, growth rate, import, export, supply, future strategies, and the technological developments that they are making are also included within the report. This report analysed 12 years data history and forecast.. • The growth factors of the market are discussed in detail wherein the different end users of the market are explained in detail.. • Data and information by market player, by ...

Algernon Pharmaceuticals is a clinical stage pharmaceutical development company thats filed new intellectual property rights globally for NP-120.

The Rhode Island Thoracic Society Annual Meeting will address evolving issues on lung injury, specifically focused on the impact of smoking, air-pollution, and e-cigarettes. In light of many current events linking vape devices and lung disease this will be a salient discussion. In addition, the event will highlight ways in which the Rhode Island community can be involved in helping to curb use of tobacco products and advocate for our patients.. This years Keynote Speaker will be Dr. Calfee, Associate Professor in Residence of Medicine and Anesthesia at UCSF, where she attends in the intensive care units at Moffitt-Long Hospital. Dr. Calfees primary academic focus is the prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Current research projects include: (1) the role of biomarkers in investigating ALI/ARDS pathogenesis, early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis; (2) the role of cigarette smoke exposure in ...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung condition. It occurs when fluid fills up the air sacs in your lungs. Too much fluid in your lungs lowers the amount of oxygen in your bloodstream. ARDS can prevent your organs from getting the oxygen they need to function, and it can eventually cause organ failure.. ARDS most commonly affects hospitalized people who are very ill. It can also be caused by serious trauma. Symptoms usually occur within a day or two of the original illness or trauma, and they may include extreme shortness of breath and gasping for air.. ARDS is a medical emergency and a potentially life-threatening condition.. ...