TY - JOUR. T1 - Environmental exposure to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as a risk factor for patient Acquisition of A. baumannii. AU - Rosa, Rossana. AU - Arheart, Kristopher L.. AU - Depascale, Dennise. AU - Cleary, Timothy. AU - Kett, Daniel H.. AU - Namias, Nicholas. AU - Pizano, Louis. AU - Fajardo-Aquino, Yovanit. AU - Silvia Munoz-Price, L.. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - We aimed to determine the association between environmental exposure to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and the subsequent risk of acquiring this organism. Patients exposed to a contaminated hospital environment had 2.77 times the risk of acquiring carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii than did unexposed patients (relative risk, 2.77 [95% confidence interval, 1.50-5.13]; P p.002).. AB - We aimed to determine the association between environmental exposure to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and the subsequent risk of acquiring this organism. Patients exposed to a contaminated hospital ...

Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is a global problem. The purpose of this study was to elucidate current resistance mechanisms of imipenem-resistant A. baumannii (IRAB) in Taiwan and their correlation with patient outcomes. Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from two teaching hospitals in Taiwan were collected in 2009 and were examined by Etest for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. Primers specific for carbapenemase genes and upstream regions were designed for PCR amplification. Bacterial isolates were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Clinical presentations of patients were analysed retrospectively. Upstream insertion sequence ISAba1 was found in 34 isolates that carried bla(OXA-23), including 28 with transposon Tn2006 (ISAba1-bla(OXA-23)-ISAba1) in an AbaR4-type resistance island and 6 with Tn2008 (ISAba1-bla(OXA-23)), as well as in 8 isolates carrying ISAba1-bla(OXA-51-like). All ...

Objectives. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter strain HK302 was isolated from an outbreak of nosocomial infections in Switzerland in 1977. The aim of the present study was to assess whether this archive strain belongs to one of the known international clonal lineages of Acinetobacter baumannii and whether it harbours a genomic structure related to the AbaR1-like resistance islands.. Methods. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and HindIII ribotyping were used to determine the taxonomic position of HK302 at the species and subspecies (clonal) levels. The position and structure of the putative resistance island were investigated by AbaR1-based PCR mapping followed by restriction analysis and partial sequencing of amplicons. A. baumannii AYE harbouring AbaR1 was used as a positive control for PCR mapping.. Results. The MLST allelic profile (1-1-1-1-5-1-1) and HindIII ribotype of HK302 were typical of A. baumannii European (EU) clone I. In addition, an AbaR1-related region inserted into the ATPase gene ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this multiple-hospital study was to investigate the prevalence of integrons in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) in Eastern China, and characterize the integron-integrase genes, so as to provide evidence for the management and appropriate antibiotic use of MDRAB infections.. METHODS: A total of 425 clinical isolates of A. baumannii were collected from 16 tertiary hospitals in 11 cities of four provinces (Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong) from January 2009 to June 2012. The susceptibility of A. baumannii isolates to ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, aztreonam, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimenthoprim, minocycline and imipenem was tested, and integrons and their gene cassettes were characterized in these isolates using PCR assay. In addition, integron-positive A. baumannii isolates were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) ...

Nosocomial pathogens can be associated with a variety of infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs) and in immunocompromised patients. Usually these pathogens are resistant to multiple drugs and pose therapeutic challenges. Among these organisms, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most frequent being encountered in the clinical setting. Carbapenems are very useful to treat infections caused by these drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, but carbapenem resistance is increasing globally. Combination therapy is frequently given empirically for hospital-acquired infections in critically ill patients and is usually composed of an adequate beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of plazomicin against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Amikacin was used as a comparator. The activity of plazomicin in combination with several different antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion, the checkerboard method, and time-kill ...

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is the top-ranked pathogen in the World Health Organization priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It emerged as a global pathogen due to the successful expansion of a few epidemic lineages, or international clones (ICs), producing acquired class D carbapenemases (OXA-type). During the past decade, however, reports regarding IC-I isolates in Latin America are scarce and are non-existent for IC-II and IC-III isolates. This study evaluates the molecular mechanisms of carbapenem resistance and the epidemiology of 80 non-duplicate clinical samples of A. baumannii collected from February 2014 through April 2016 at two tertiary care hospitals in Lima. Almost all isolates were carbapenem-resistant (97.5%), and susceptibility only remained high for colistin (95%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed two main clusters spread between both hospitals: cluster D containing 51 isolates (63.8%) associated with sequence type 2 (ST2) and carrying OXA-72, ...

Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen which is establishing as a major cause of morbidity and mortality within the healthcare community. The success of this pathogen is largely due to its ability to rapidly gain resistance to antimicrobial therapies and its capability to persist in an abiotic environment through the production of a biofilm. Our tertiary-care hospital has showed high incidence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates. In this study we explore both genotypic and phenotypic properties of 26 CRAB isolates: 16 isolates were collected from January 2010 to March 2011, and 10 were collected between February and May 2015. We determined that all 26 CRAB isolates possessed multiple β-lactamase genes, including genes from Groups A, C, and D. Specifically, 42% of the isolates possesses the potentially plasmid-borne genes of OXA-23-like or OXA-40-like β-lactamase. The presence of mobile gene element integron cassettes and/or integrases

Acinetobacter baumannii has been increasingly reported in the outbreak of nosocomial infections in the intensive care units, which not only prolong the length of hospital stay but result in high attributable mortality. With its intrinsic resistance to many antimicrobial agents and rapid acquirement of resistance mechanism, resistance to carbapenems, which is often accompanied with resistance to multiple drugs, has emerged worldwide. The limited treatment choice included tigecycline, colistin, and sulbactam. However, the low serum level and bacteriostatic nature of tigecycline hamper its application in blood stream infection, one of the most common presentations of A. baumannii infections. The nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity of intravenous colistin have caused great concerns in critically ill patients whereas immediate bronchospasm after inhalation and significant clinical consequences have been reported. Sulbactam has been used for decades in combination of ampicillin and well tolerated. ...

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is becoming increasingly prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus in the Middle East. We examined the relationship of these bacteria and their resistance mechanisms to the diabetic disease status of patients in Saudi Arabia. Susceptibilities of 271 isolates to carbapenems, tigecycline and colistin were determined, followed by detection of carbapenemase genes. A blaVIM gene was detected in ~95 % of isolates; blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-40 genes were also prevalent. Diabetic patients were significantly more likely to carry carbapenem-resistant isolates. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii is a serious problem in diabetic patients, and molecular detection of resistance mechanisms in these isolates is required.. ...

Objective To investigate the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of tigecycline and other 13 common antimicrobial agents, alone or in combination, against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.MethodsAn in vitro susceptibility test of 101 Acinetobacter baumannii was used to detect minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). A mouse lung infection model of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,established by the ultrasonic atomization method, was used to define in vivo antimicrobial activities.Results Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii showed high sensitivity to tigecycline (98% inhibition), polymyxin B (78.2% inhibition), and minocycline (74.2% inhibition). However, the use of these antimicrobial agents in combination with other antimicrobial agents produced synergistic or additive effects. In vivo data showed that white blood cell (WBC) counts in drug combination groups C (minocycline + amikacin) and D (minocycline + rifampicin) were significantly higher than in groups A

PubMedID: 24985124 | Successful management of an outbreak due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a neonatal intensive care unit. | European journal of pediatrics | 7/2/2014

Carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii is most often associated with class D β-lactamases (OXA-23-like, OXA-40-like and OXA-58-like) and MBLs. OXA-type carbapenemases are predominant in A. baumannii, particularly in worldwide outbreaks of OXA-23 [24]. The molecular analysis of the isolates tested in this study revealed that 14 strains (51.8 %) carried the blaOXA-23-like gene and that two strains carried a blaOXA-24-like gene. All of the strains had a blaOXA-51-like gene, and four strains had a blaOXA-58 gene. In this study, the OXA-58 isolates presented lower MIC values for meropenem than OXA-23-like-positive isolates, which systematically exhibited higher MIC values (Table 1). The isolates with non-acquired OXA genes displayed a marked variation and included some carbapenem-resistant genes. Naturally occurring OXA carbapenemases, such as OXA-51-like enzymes (e.g., OXA 64-66, OXA 68-71, OXA 78-80, OXA-82, OXA-86, OXA-92 and OXA104-112), have been identified in A. baumannii isolates worldwide. In ...

Identifying Risk Factors for Healthcare-Associated Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteremia Related to Contaminated Morphine Used for Patient-Controlled Analgesia - Volume 28 Issue 10

The traditional markerless gene deletion technique based on overlap extension PCR has been used for generating gene deletions in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. However, the method is time-consuming because it requires restriction digestion of the PCR products in DNA cloning and the con …

In February 2006, a patient colonized with a multidrug-resistant sequence type 56 Acinetobacter baumannii strain was admitted to a hospital in Madrid, Spain. This strain spread rapidly and caused a large outbreak in the hospital. Clinicians should be ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Variations in IS6 promoters alter the expression of carbapenem resistance in related strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. AU - Al-Hassan, Leena. AU - Opazo, Andres. AU - Lopes, Bruno S. AU - Mahallawy, Hadir El. AU - Amyes, Sebastian G B. N1 - The authors are thankful to the hospital staff at The Childrens Cancer Hospital and The National Cancer Institute (Cairo, Egypt) for providing the samples and allowing part of the work to be undertaken at their centres.. PY - 2015/3. Y1 - 2015/3. N2 - The aim of this work was to investigate the role of the IS6 family of insertion sequences present upstream of blaOXA-58 in two clonally related carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained from paediatric cancer patients in Egypt. To determine their relatedness, the isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the intrinsic blaOXA-51-like gene was amplified and sequenced. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to imipenem and meropenem was determined ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Integron-associated imipenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from a regional hospital in Taiwan. AU - Liu, S. Y.. AU - Lin, J. Y.. AU - Chu, C.. AU - Su, L. H.. AU - Lin, T. Y.. AU - Chiu, C. H.. PY - 2006/1. Y1 - 2006/1. N2 - We investigated the genetic properties of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii collected from a regional hospital in Taiwan. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the isolates were genetically diverse. Polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and DNA-DNA hybridisation showed that the blaIMP-1 gene resided as a cassette in a plasmid-borne class 1 integron in two isolates. The majority of the resistant isolates were plasmid-less and carried no blaIMP, blaVIM or bla CFI genes, indicating that other uncharacterised metallo-β- lactamases or mechanisms other than enzyme production are involved in carbapenem resistance in this group of A. baumannii. We conclude that multidrug resistance of A. baumannii was a combined effect of ...

Acinetobacter junii is a species of bacteria. Its type strain is ATCC 17908. It can be pathogenic. This bacterium has been linked to nosocomial infections including catheter-related blood stream infections and cellulitis. Vaneechoutte, M.; De Baere, T.; Nemec, A.; Musilek, M.; Van Der Reijden, T. J. K.; Dijkshoorn, L. (2008). Reclassification of Acinetobacter grimontii Carr et al. 2003 as a later synonym of Acinetobacter junii Bouvet and Grimont 1986. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 58 (4): 937-940. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65129-0. PMID 18398198. Bouvet, P. J. M.; Grimont, P. A. D. (1986). Taxonomy of the Genus Acinetobacter with the Recognition of Acinetobacter baumannii sp. nov., Acinetobacter haemolyticus sp. nov., Acinetobacter johnsonii sp. nov., and Acinetobacter junii sp. nov. and Emended Descriptions of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter lwoffii. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 36 (2): 228-240. doi:10.1099/00207713-36-2-228. ...

Objectives: In this study we retrospectively reviewed A. baumannii meningitis cases treated with tigecycline including regimens and evaluated the efficacy of tigecycline in the therapy. ...

Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia is becoming more prevalent and is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality. Escalating antibacterial resistance further contributes to therapeutic dilemmas, enhanced infection control support and poorer outcomes in patients infected with these bacteria. A retrospective analysis of patients whose blood cultures produced A. baumannii from January 2007 through January 2013 was performed. Data regarding the epidemiologic features, antimicrobial susceptibility and outcomes of patients with A. baumannii bacteremia were collected and analyzed. Sixty A. baumannii isolates each from a different patient were identified. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (≥3) was the greatest among patients with multi-drug resistance (MDR) compared to intermediate drug resistance (IDR) and pan-sensitive (PS) A. baumannii. The mean APACHE II scores for MDR, IDR and PS A. baumannii bacteremia were 21, 15 and 11, respectively (P < 0.05, MDR v. PS). Seventy-three percent of the isolates were

Patients with AB bacteremia receiving antimicrobial therapy are eligible for this multicenter study. Antimicrobial agents are decided at the discretion of the attending clinical team. Clinical data to be collected include patient demographics (age, gender, underlying diseases, Pitt Bacteremia Score [20], duration of ICU stay and hospitalization before the day of first positive blood culture, central venous catheterization), antimicrobial agents on the day of bacteremia, regimens and durations of combination therapy after enrollment, and outcomes (sequential quantification change of blood A. baumannii polymerase chain reaction [PCR], survival at day 30 after enrollment, and adverse drug reactions of antimicrobial agents). Blood sample will be collected on the day of enrollment (Day 0), Day 1, 2, 3 and 7 for PCR quantification of A. baumannii and for genospecies identification. Primary end points are the interval from study enrollment to negative blood A. baumannii PCR and blood sterilization. ...

Bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter are ubiquitous in nature. These organisms were invariably susceptible to many antibiotics in the 1970s. Since that time, acinetobacters; have emerged as multiresistant opportunistic nosocomial pathogens. The taxonomy of the genus Acinetobacter underwent extensive revision in the mid-1980s, and at least 32 named and unnamed species have now been described. Of these, Acinetobacter baumannii and the closely related unnamed genomic species 3 and 13 sensu Tjernberg and Ursing (13TU) are the most relevant clinically. Multiresistant strains of these species causing bacteraemia, pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infections and surgical wound infections have been isolated from hospitalised patients worldwide. This review provides an overview of the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Acinetobacter spp. in Europe, as well as the main mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, and summarises the remaining treatment options for multiresistant Acinetobacter infections. © ...

Rates of A. baumannii bacteraemia significantly increased between 2005 and 2009, from 0.1 to 3.2 cases/100,000 inhabitants per year. The observed increase was due to carbapenem-resistant isolates, while the number of carbapenem-susceptible isolates remained substantially stable over the study period. Importantly, the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant isolates showed a steep five-fold increase between 2008 and 2009. These isolates belonged to an epidemic strain detected in several departments of 4 hospital trusts in the Region. Similar trends were observed for urine and respiratory isolates. The total number of isolates in blood, urine and respiratory specimens, including both colonizing and infecting strains, increased from 51 in 2005 to 826 in 2009, with rates rising from 1.5 to 19.0 isolates/100,000 inhabitants per year. ...

As part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, a total of 1078 Acinetobacter species and 842 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates were collected between January 1997 and December 1999 from 5 geographic regions (Canada, the United States, Latin America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific). The frequency of infections (by geographic region and body site), including those due to imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter species and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)-resistant S. maltophilia, was evaluated. The possibility of seasonal variations in bloodstream infections caused by Acinetobacter species was studied, as was the activity of several therapeutic antimicrobials against all strains. Acinetobacter species and S. maltophilia were most frequently associated with pulmonary infections, independent of the region evaluated. In contrast, patterns of antimicrobial resistance markedly varied among distinct geographic regions, especially for nosocomial isolates. Although the carbapenems were the ...

This unit describes basic protocols for infecting mice through intranasal and intraperitoneal routes with Acinetobacter baumannii to induce associated pneumonia and sepsis, the two most common manifestations of clinical infections with this pathogen

Fig. 1. (a) PFGE analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii strains. (b) Plasmid identification by digestion with S1 nuclease. (c) Hybridization with blaNDM-1 probe. Lanes: 1, A. baumannii AB-I1; 2, AB-I2; 3, AB-I3; 4, AB-I4; 5, AB-I5. Lanes 6 to 8, A. baumannii European clones EC-I (strain RUH-875), EC-II (strain RUH-134), and EC-III (strain RUH-5875), respectively. Bands with white arrows indicate the presence of plasmids without signal hybridization with the blaNDM-1 probe; black arrow indicates the chromosomal position with positive hybridization with the blaNDM-1 probe. ...

Management of multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings, 2006. 2007. Kluytmans-Vandenbergh, MF, Kluytmans, JA, Voss, A. Dutch guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of highly resistant microorganisms (HRMO). Infection. vol. 33. 2005. pp. 309-13. Peleg, AY, Seifert, H, Paterson, DL. Acinetobacter baumannii: emergence of a successful pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. vol. 21. 2008. pp. 538-82. Dijkshoorn, L, Nemec, A, Seifert, H. An increasing threat in hospitals: multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Nat Rev Microbiol. vol. 5. 2007. pp. 939-51. Nemec, A, Krízová, L, Maixnerová, M, Diancourt, L, van der Reijden, TJ, Brisse, S, van den Broek, P, Dijkshoorn, L. Emergence of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii in the Czech Republic is associated with the spread of multidrug-resistant strains of European clone II. J Antimicrob Chemother. vol. 62. 2008. pp. 484-9. Higgins, PG, Dammhayn, C, Hackel, M, Seifert, H. Global spread of carbapenem-resistant ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

To understand the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and define individual risk factors for MDR, we used epidemiologic methods, performed organism typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and conducted a matched case-control retrospective study. We investigated 118 patients, on 27 wards, in whom MDR A. baumannii was isolated from clinical cultures. Each case-patient had a control without MDR A. baumannii and was matched for hospital length of stay, ward, and calendar time. The epidemiologic investigation found small clusters of up to 6 patients each with no common identified source. Ten different PFGE clones were found, of which 2 dominated. The PFGE pattern differed within temporospatial clusters, and antimicrobial drug susceptibility patterns varied within and between clones. Multivariate analysis identified the following significant risk factors: male sex, cardiovascular disease, having undergone mechanical ventilation, and having been treated with

In recent years, the number of nosocomial infections caused byAcinetobacter baumannii has increased significantly (4). Many outbreaks have been reported, especially among patients confined to hospital intensive care units, where the widespread use of antibiotics may select multidrug-resistant strains. The difficulty of treating A. baumannii nosocomial infection is associated with the high resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents frequently observed in this species (8). Often, imipenem remains one of the few therapeutic alternatives. Fortunately, imipenem resistance is relatively rare among Acinetobacter clinical isolates. Carbapenem resistance can arise by a decrease in expression of an outer membrane protein (3) or by alteration in penicillin-binding proteins (5). In general, the emergence of carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes has been limited compared to the prevalence of other β-lactamases (1). However, in 1985 in Scotland, anA. baumannii strain that produced a plasmid-mediated ...

Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria inside biofilm, computer illustration. A. baumannii is a Gram-negative, oxidase negative, aerobic, coccobacillus. It has always been naturally resistant to multiple antibiotics. It can be especially resistant to penicillin and chloramphenicol. It causes various nosocomial infections, including, skin and wound infections, pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia, urinary tract infection and endocarditis. It is commonly found in soil, water, sewage, and normal skin and gastrointestinal tract flora. It is the most frequently encountered species in the clinical laboratory. Species found in soil can colonize root nodule systems and oxidize the hydrogen produced by nitrogen fixing bacteria. The illustration shows morphology of Acinetobacter such as short rods and sometimes long filamentous cells. - Stock Image F018/1264

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained from two hospital outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California, USA

Acinetobacter baumannii is currently one of the key nosocomial pathogens causing severe infections; of special concern is its resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) and carbapenems, often associated with the few so-called European clones (6, 7, 19). It has two natural -lactamases, an AmpC-like enzyme (Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinase [ADC]) (10) and a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D -lactamase (CHDL; the OXA-51 type) (15), which affect susceptibility upon increased expression due to ISAba1 insertion upstream of their genes (9, 18). Moreover, acquired -lactamases, including metallo-lactamases (MBLs) and four CHDL types, the OXA-23, OXA-24/40, OXA-58, and OXA-143 types, are observed (15). Knowledge of A. baumannii in Poland has been limited to single isolates (9, 14, 21); our aim was to analyze a bigger group of A. baumannii strains. (Part of this work was presented at the 22nd European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom, 31 March to 3

Acinetobacter (/ˌæsɪˈniːtoʊbæktər/) is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the wider class of Gammaproteobacteria. Acinetobacter species are oxidase-negative, exhibit twitching motility, and occur in pairs under magnification. They are important soil organisms, where they contribute to the mineralization of, for example, aromatic compounds. Acinetobacter species are a key source of infection in debilitated patients in the hospital, in particular the species Acinetobacter baumannii. Species of the genus Acinetobacter are strictly aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacilli. They show mostly a coccobacillary morphology on nonselective agar. Rods predominate in fluid media, especially during early growth. The morphology of Acinetobacter species can be quite variable in Gram-stained human clinical specimens, and cannot be used to differentiate Acinetobacter from other common causes of infection. Most strains of Acinetobacter, except some of the A. lwoffii strain, grow well on ...

Acinetobacter baumannii causes severe nosocomial infections such as pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis with high mortality rates. This organism represents an increasing danger for immunocompromised adults, especially since there are an increasing number of resistances against antibiotics. Until now, scientific investigation was mainly focused on taxonomy and antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The goal of this project was to analyse the interaction between clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and human cells in order to address the molecular mechanisms causing pathogenicity. Adherence is the first step in colonization of human tissue, and therefore a key event in pathogenesis. To demonstrate the adhesion of bacteria to human cells, a colony counting assay has been established. These experiments used the the type strain of A. baumannii ATCC 19606, as well as clinical isolates. All A. baumannii strains investigated showed adhesion to the lung epithelial cells A549, but the adhesion capacity was ...

Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC ® 19606D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Acinetobacter baumannii strain 2208 TypeStrain=True Application: Food testing

Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC ® 19606D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Acinetobacter baumannii strain 2208 TypeStrain=True Application: Food testing

A. baumannii is commonly involved in nosocomial infections, but few therapeutic options are available. Find out what there is to know.

Construction of Integrated Analytic Platform for Acinetobacter Baumannii in Taiwan-Network Analysis and Comparative Genomics Study on Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates from Taiwan(2/3 ...

Open peer review is a system where authors know who the reviewers are, and the reviewers know who the authors are. If the manuscript is accepted, the named reviewer reports are published alongside the article. Pre-publication versions of the article and author comments to reviewers are available by contacting [email protected]. All previous versions of the manuscript and all author responses to the reviewers are also available.. You can find further information about the peer review system here.. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Preclinical advantages of intramuscularly administered peptide A3-APO over existing therapies in Acinetobacter baumannii wound infections. AU - Ostorhazi, Eszter. AU - Rozgonyi, Ferenc. AU - Sztodola, Andras. AU - Harmos, Ferenc. AU - Kovalszky, Ilona. AU - Szabo, Dora. AU - Knappe, Daniel. AU - Hoffmann, Ralf. AU - Cassone, Marco. AU - Wade, John D.. AU - Bonomo, Robert A.. AU - Otvos, Laszlo. PY - 2010/9/1. Y1 - 2010/9/1. N2 - Objectives: The designer antibacterial peptide A3-APO is efficacious in mouse models of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii systemic infections. Here we compare the efficacy of the peptide with that of imipenem and colistin in A. baumannii wound infections after burn injury. Methods: CD-1 mice were inflicted with burn wounds and different inocula of A. baumannii, isolated from an injured soldier, were placed into the wound sites. The antibiotics were given intramuscularly (im) one to five times. Available free peptide in the blood and the ...

The highly variable nature of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) has been claimed to represent an ideal target for designing species-specific probes/primers capable of differentiating between closely related Acinetobacter species. However, several Acinetobacter species contain multiple ITS copies of variable lengths, and these include Acinetobacter bereziniae, Acinetobacter guillouiae and Acinetobacter baylyi. This study shows these length variations result from inter-genomic insertion/deletion events (indels) involving horizontal transfer of ITS fragments of other Acinetobacter species and possibly unrelated bacteria, as shown previously by us. In some instances, indel incorporation results in the loss of probe target sites in the recipient cell ITS. In other cases, some indel sequences contain target sites for probes designed from a single ITS sequence to target other Acinetobacter species. Hence, these can generate false positives. The largest of the indels that remove probe sites is 683 bp

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of multidrug resistant microorganisms worldwide is increasing. The aim of the study was to present institutional experience with the multidrug resistant microorganism colonization patterns observed in children with congenital heart diseases hospitalized in a hybrid pediatric cardiac surgery center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Microbiological samples were routinely collected in all children admitted to our department. All microbiological samples were analyzed with regard to multidrug resistant microorganisms: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Gram-negative rods producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), multidrug resistant Gram-negative rods (MDR-GNRs), carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA ...

Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein A targets the nucleus and induces cytotoxicity.: Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen re

The present study aimed to perform a deep phenotypic and genotypic analysis of 15 clinical carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) strains isolated in Madagascar between 2008 and 2016 from diverse sources. CRAb isolates collected from the Clinical Biology Centre of the Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, from the neonatal unit of Antananarivo military hospital, and from intensive care units of Mahajanga Androva and Antananarivo Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (HJRA) hospitals were subjected to susceptibility testing. Whole-genome sequencing allowed us to assess the presence of antibiotic-resistance determinants, insertion sequences, integrons, genomic islands and potential virulence factors in all strains. The structure of the carO porin gene and deduced protein (CarO) were also assessed in CRAb isolates. All isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant strains. Antibiotic-resistance genes against six classes of antimicrobial agents were described. The four carbapenem-resistance genes: blaOXA

TY - CHAP. T1 - Desiccation tolerance assays for acinetobacter baumannii. AU - Wang, Xun. AU - Trent, M. Stephen. AU - Davies, Bryan William. PY - 2019/1/1. Y1 - 2019/1/1. N2 - Acinetobacter baumannii is a hospital-associated pathogen of growing importance and is a paradigm for endemic hospital contamination. Desiccation tolerance has been implicated as an important characteristic that potentiates the spread of A. baumannii in clinical settings through contaminated healthcare equipment and personnel. Desiccation is a multifaceted stress, and many physiological and environmental factors can influence its impact on bacterial survival. This chapter provides a protocol for assessing desiccation survival that facilitates comparisons among A. baumannii strains under various environmental conditions.. AB - Acinetobacter baumannii is a hospital-associated pathogen of growing importance and is a paradigm for endemic hospital contamination. Desiccation tolerance has been implicated as an important ...

Acinetobacter baumannii is nowadays a relevant nosocomial pathogen characterized by multidrug resistance (MDR) and concomitant difficulties to treat infections. OmpA is the most abundant A. baumannii outer membrane (OM) protein, and is involved in virulence, host-cell recognition, biofilm formation, regulation of OM stability, permeability and antibiotic resistance. OmpA members are two‐domain proteins with an N‐terminal eight‐stranded β‐barrel domain with four external loops (ELs) interacting with the environment, and a C‐terminal periplasmic domain binding non‐covalently to the peptidoglycan. Here, we combined data from genome sequencing, phylogenetic and multilocus sequence analyses from 975 strains/isolates of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/Acinetobacter baumannii complex (ACB), 946 from A. baumannii, to explore ompA microevolutionary divergence. Five major ompA variant groups were identified (V1 to V5) in A. baumannii, encompassing 52 different alleles coding for 23 different ...

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is opportunistic in debilitated hospitalised patients. Because information from some South American countries was previously lacking, this study examined the emergence of multi-resistant A. baumannii in three hospitals in Cochabamba, Bolivia, from 2008 to 2009. Methodology: Multiplex PCR was used to identify the main resistance genes in 15 multi-resistant A. baumannii isolates. RT-PCR was used to measure gene expression. The genetic environment of these genes was also analysed by PCR amplification and sequencing. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for key antibiotics and some were determined in the presence of an efflux pump inhibitor, 1-(1-napthylmethyl) piperazine. Results: Fourteen strains were found to be multi-resistant. Each strain was found to have the bla(OXA-58) gene with the ISAba3-like element upstream, responsible for over-expression of the latter and subsequent carbapenem resistance. Similarly, ISAba1, upstream of the bla(ADC) ...

Objective: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) is an emerging cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Combination therapy may be the only viable option until new antibiotics become available. The objective of this study is to identify potential antimicrobial combinations against CR-AB isolated from our local hospitals. Methods: AB isolates from all public hospitals in Singapore were systematically collected between 2006 and 2007. MICs were determined according to CLSI guidelines. All CR-AB isolates were genotyped using a PCR-based method. Clonal relationship was elucidated. Time-kill studies (TKS) were conducted with polymyxin B, rifampicin and tigecycline alone and in combination using clinically relevant (achievable) unbound concentrations. Results: 31 CR AB isolates were identified. They are multidrug-resistant, but are susceptible to polymyxin B. From clonal typing, 8 clonal groups were identified and 11 isolates exhibited clonal diversity. In single TKS, polymyxin B, ...

Background & objective: Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) is an important nosocomial pathogen which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk populations. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) methylation are two important mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase (armA, rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, and rmtD), and the AME genes [aac(6′)-Ib, aac(3)-I, ant(3′′)-I, aph(3′)-I and aac(6)-Id], among clinical isolates of A. baumannii in Tehran, Iran. Methods: Between November 2015 to July 2016, a total of 110 clinical strains of A. baumannii were isolated from patients in two teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The presence of genes encoding the AMEs and16S rRNA methylases responsible for resis-tance was investigated by

Hospital-acquired infections due to Acinetobacter baumannii have become problematic because of high rates of drug resistance. A. baumannii is usually harmless, but it causes sepsis resulting in a high mortality rate in compromised hosts. Therefore, we must consider its interaction with host cells to understand diseases resulting from A. baumannii infection. Neutrophils play a critical role in infective protection against the extracellular growth of bacteria. However, their interactions with A. baumannii remain largely unknown. Recently, a new biological defense mechanism called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been attracting attention. In the present study, we investigated the responsiveness of human neutrophils to A. baumannii focusing on NET formation. The results demonstrated that infective protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa via NETs formation was observed, but for A. baumannii NETs formation did not occur. It seems that the innate infective protection against A. baumannii ...

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen causing various nosocomial infections. The spread of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and the genetic support of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates collected from Saint-Georges Hospital in Lebanon. Between January and August 2016, 31 A. baumannii isolates were collected from sputum samples of patients infected with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and treated with colistin-carbapenem combination therapy. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Carbapenemases, extended spectrum β-lactamases encoding genes and mcr-1/2 genes were investigated by RT-PCR and standard PCR. The epidemiological relatedness of the strains was studied using MLST analysis. Most of the isolates exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. All the isolates were carbapenem-resistant and among them, 30 carried the class D

Title:Prevalence of Metallo-β-Lactamases in Acinetobacter Baumannii in Iran: A Review and Meta-Analysis. VOLUME: 19 ISSUE: 4. Author(s):Bashir Mohammadpour*, Samaneh Rouhi, Masoud Moradi, Rashid Ramazanzadeh, Ebrahim Saniyi, Sairan Zandi and Himen Salimizand. Affiliation:Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource, Gorgan, Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Liver and Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj. Keywords:Metallo-β-Lactamases, Acinetobacter baumannii, Iran, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Acinetobacter species as model microorganisms in environmental microbiology. T2 - current state and perspectives. AU - Jung, Jaejoon. AU - Park, Woojun. PY - 2015/3/1. Y1 - 2015/3/1. N2 - Acinetobacter occupies an important position in nature because of its ubiquitous presence in diverse environments such as soils, fresh water, oceans, sediments, and contaminated sites. Versatile metabolic characteristics allow species of this genus to catabolize a wide range of natural compounds, implying active participation in the nutrient cycle in the ecosystem. On the other hand, multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causing nosocomial infections with high mortality has been raising serious concerns in medicine. Due to the ecological and clinical importance of the genus, Acinetobacter was proposed as a model microorganism for environmental microbiological studies, pathogenicity tests, and industrial production of chemicals. For these reasons, Acinetobacter has attracted significant ...

Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging nosocomial pathogen, responsible for infection outbreaks worldwide. The pathogenicity of this bacterium is mainly due to its multidrug-resistance and ability to form biofilm on abiotic surfaces, which facilitate long-term persistence in the hospital setting. Given the crucial role of iron in A. baumannii nutrition and pathogenicity, iron metabolism has been considered as a possible target for chelation-based antibacterial chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the effect of iron restriction on A. baumannii growth and biofilm formation using different iron chelators and culture conditions. We report substantial inter-strain variability and growth medium-dependence for biofilm formation by A. baumannii isolates from veterinary and clinical sources. Neither planktonic nor biofilm growth of A. baumannii was affected by exogenous chelators. Biofilm formation was either stimulated by iron or not responsive to iron in the majority of isolates tested, ...

Acinetobacter baumannii is a strain of bacteria in the Acinetobacter genus. This genome was published to the ATCC Genome Portal on 2020-08-03

Acinetobacter baumannii may exhibit phenotypic heterogeneous growth under exposure to antibiotics. We investigated the in vitro characteristics of A. baumannii isolates grown heterogeneously in the presence of meropenem and their virulence evaluated in experimental infections treated with meropenem. Five clinical A. baumannii isolates and the respective heterogeneously grown subpopulations were tested by agar dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), population analysis using meropenem and growth curves. The virulence of isolates and the therapeutic efficacy of three meropenem dosing schemes was evaluated in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model. The clinical isolates were meropenem-susceptible (MICs 1 to 4 mg/liter) and exhibited three distinct PFGE patterns. In all clinical isolates, population analysis yielded heterogeneously grown colonies. After seven subcultures in antibiotic-free media, resistant MIC levels were retained in two isolates

Bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter, with their numerous species common in various habitats, play a significant role as pathogens. Their ability to adapt to different living conditions is largely due to the presence of numerous plasmids containing the necessary adaptive genes. At the same time the diversity of Acinetobacter plasmids and their evolutionary dynamics have not been sufficiently studied. Here, we characterized 44 plasmids isolated from five permafrost Acinetobacter lwoffii strains, examined their relationship with plasmids of modern Acinetobacter strains and identified groups of related plasmids. For this purpose, we have developed a combined approach for classifying all known Acinetobacter plasmids. The classification took into account the size of plasmids, the presence and structure of the rep and mob genes, as well as the structure of their backbone and accessory regions. Based on the analysis, 19 major groups (lineages) of plasmids were identified, of which more than half were small

The importance of Acinetobacter baumannii infections in war-related injuries is now well established. A. baumannii was the most common gram-negative bacillus recovered from traumatic injuries to the lower extremities during the Vietnam War. More recently a new series of infections was reported in U.S. service personnel injured in the Iraq/Kuwait/Afghanistan regions. Likewise, A. baumannii has become an emerging pathogen of increasing importance in Veterans Administration and civilian healthcare facilities, with the incidence of A. baumannii infection increasing worldwide. This emergence of A. baumannii is due in large part to its ability to survive under a wide range of environmental conditions including those within healthcare facilities. Further, infections on foreign bodies such as intravascular devices and orthopedic hardware are virtually impossible to cure with antimicrobials alone. In addition multi- and pandrug resistant isolates are increasing. Thus, there is an increasing concern that ...

A burn patient was infected with Acinetobacter baumannii on transfer to the hospital after a terrorist attack. Two patients experienced cross-infection. Environmental swab samples were negative for A. baumannii. Six months later, the bacteria reemerged in 6 patients. Environmental swab samples obtained at this time were inoculated into a minimal mineral broth, and culture results showed widespread contamination. No case of infection occurred after closure of the unit for disinfection.

In Long Island, NY, when it comes to Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria cleanup, disinfection & sanitization for Southold Long Island, NY business or home, count on Danconia Restoration and their professionally trained technicians

In Kentucky, when it comes to Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria cleanup, disinfection & sanitization for Madisonville KY business or home, count on Emrick Services and their professionally trained technicians

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

OBJECTIVE To determine the scope, source, and mode of transmission of a multifacility outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. DESIGN Outbreak investigation. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Residents and patients in skilled nursing facilities, long-term acute-care hospital, and acute-care hospitals. METHODS A case was defined as the incident isolate from clinical or surveillance cultures of XDR Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to imipenem or meropenem and nonsusceptible to all but 1 or 2 antibiotic classes in a patient in an Oregon healthcare facility during January 2012-December 2014. We queried clinical laboratories, reviewed medical records, oversaw patient and environmental surveillance surveys at 2 facilities, and recommended interventions. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and molecular analysis were performed. RESULTS We identified 21 cases, highly related by PFGE or healthcare facility exposure. Overall, 17 patients (81%) were admitted to either long-term ...

Abstract: The diazabicyclooctanes (DBOs) are a class of serine β-lactamase (SBL) inhibitors that use a strained urea moiety as the warhead to react with the active serine residue in the active site of SBLs. The first in-class drug, avibactam, as well as several other recently approved DBOs (e.g., relebactam) or those in clinical development (e.g., nacubactam and zidebactam) potentiate activity of β-lactam antibiotics, to various extents, against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) carrying class A, C, and D SBLs; however, none of these are able to rescue the activity of β-lactam antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), a WHO critical priority pathogen producing class D OXA-type SBLs. Herein, we describe the chemical optimization and resulting structure-activity relationship, leading to the discovery of a novel DBO, ANT3310, which uniquely has a fluorine atom replacing the carboxamide and stands apart from the current DBOs in restoring carbapenem ...

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) is common in hospitals and impacts patient survival. We determined the incidence of MDR-AB VAP in critical care units and examined the predictors of 14-day mortality in these patients. Methodology: A retrospective case series study was conducted at a tertiary referral teaching hospital in north Jordan. A list of patients with a positive culture of A. baumannii between January 2007 and June 2013 was retrieved using computerized hospital databases. Medical records of all these patients were reviewed, and cases of VAP infected with MDR-AB were identified. Predictors of 14-day mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for possible confounders. Results: Out of 121 A. baumannii-VAP cases, 119 (98.3%) were caused by MDR-AB. The incidence rate of MDR-AB VAP was 1.59 cases per 100 critical care unit admissions. The mortality of A. baumannii-VAP cases in critical

title: In Vitro Interactions of Antibiotic Combinations of Colistin, Tigecycline, and Doripenem Against Extensively Drug-Resistant and Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, doi: 10.3343/alm.2016.36.2.124, category: Article

Sayer refers to an example from the Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology titled, Black raspberry root polyphenols exhibit antibacterial activity against drug resistant bacteria. He notes that the root-not the berry-of the black raspberry plant contains polyphenols which are lethal to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax). The roots contain these polyphenols because they dig into soil, a potentially hostile environment, while the berries dont have it because they serve as food for animals that help spread the black raspberry seed.. The fauna and flora of Gaia-our earth, our home-have learned over eons how to survive. Yet medicine presumes to know better. Antibiotics were first used in wars because the most common means of death in war isnt wounds, but the infections that develop from them. For this purpose, antibiotics worked brilliantly. But it must be noted that wholesale war is a ...

REQUIMTE- Microbiology Research Group Goals Goals Epidemiology study of antibiotic resistant bacteria in order to implement containment measures, methodologies for their detection, and design of new compounds Hospitals Food and animal production environment Humans community Environment VRE, Enterobacteriaceae- PL/TEM-52; PL/CTX-M-15, Pseudomonas-VIM Enterococcus gentaR, Tn1546 PL/CTX-M-14; PL/CTX-M-15 (Enterobacteriaceae) VRE-CC17 Acinetobacter OXA-23 Salmonella-intI1 OXA-30, sul3 Enterobacteriaceae- PL/TEM-52 Salmonella-intI1MDR, Enterobacteriaceae- PL/TEM-52 Strategies Characterization of bacteria, genes and mobile genetic elements from different ecological niches AAC :1001 JAC (In press) AAC :1545 CMI :1131 JAC :297 CMI :1047 JAC :1139 EID :1985 AAC :836 AAC : AAC :451 JAC :1370 AAC :3613 AEM :3743 AAC :2140 AEM :3364 CMI :755 AAC :3220 Main Achievements (1) Emergence and International dissemination of MDR strains: VRE, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas and

ID ACIBC_1_PE11 STANDARD; PRT; 305 AA. AC ACIBC_1_PE11; B2I3S8; DT 00-JAN-0000 (Rel. 1, Created) DT 00-JAN-0000 (Rel. 2, Last sequence update) DT 00-JAN-0000 (Rel. 3, Last annotation update) DE SubName: Full=Transposase; (ACIBC_1.PE11). GN Name=insB; OrderedLocusNames=ACICU_p0013; OS ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII ACICU. OC Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Pseudomonadales; OC Moraxellaceae; Acinetobacter; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii OC complex. OX NCBI_TaxID=405416; RN [0] RP -.; RG -.; RL -.; CC -!- SEQ. DATA ORIGIN: Translated from the HOGENOM CDS ACIBC_1.PE11. CC Acinetobacter baumannii ACICU plasmid pACICU1, complete sequence. CC sequence. CC -!- ANNOTATIONS ORIGIN:B2I3S8_ACIBC CC -!- GENE_FAMILY: HOG000023134 [ FAMILY / ALN / TREE ] DR UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot; B2I3S8; -. DR EMBL; CP000864; ACC58990.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR RefSeq; YP_001840868.1; NC_010605.1. DR ProteinModelPortal; B2I3S8; -. DR STRING; B2I3S8; -. DR GeneID; 6233706; -. DR GenomeReviews; CP000864_GR; insB. DR ...

Widespread dissemination of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii producing OXA-23 carbapenemase and ArmA 16S ribosomal RNA methylase in a Bulgarian university hospital ...

A total of 248 isolates including 9 different pathogens were included. Acinetobacter spp. was highly (70-90%) resistant to all tested antimicrobials including carbapenems (three- and four-class MDR prevalence were 86% and 78%, respectively). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was moderately (20-40%) resistant to all tested antimicrobials including antipseudomonal penicillins(three- and four-class MDR prevalence were 18% and 10%, respectively). With exception of ampicillin (fully resistant), Klebsiella spp. had low (0-14%) resistance to other tested antimicrobials with no detected MDR. Staphylococcus aureus was fully susceptible to vancomycin with 42% resistance to oxacillin. There were significant increasing trends of MDR Acinetobacter spp. but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the study. ...

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus MopR protein: Member of the NtrC family of transcriptional activators with significant homology to XylR and DmpR from Pseudomonas; regulates phenol degradation in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; has ATP-binding activity; binds phenol; GenBank CAA93242

The proliferation of drug-resistant pathogens over the past few decades has created an urgent need for new antibiotics. The ESKAPE pathogen family is particularly concerning, as its members are increasingly displaying resistance to carbapenem class antibiotics. Treatment options for carbapenem-resistant infections are limited to drugs of last resort such as tigecycline and colistin. Unfortunately, both drugs have significant drawbacks: The prevalence of tigecycline resistance continues to increase (14), while colistin displays nephrotoxic effects after prolonged treatment (16-18).. In this study, we used a maximum common subgraph computational approach to design AMPs (Fig. 1). α-Helical AMP structures extracted from the APD (49) were reduced to graphical representations. Residues were reduced to nodes, while intra-residue covalent and backbone hydrogen bonds were reduced to connecting edges. We then attempted to design new AMPs by maximizing the number of subgraphs shared between a given design ...

Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited. ...

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that is reported to cause more U.S. deaths annually than HIV. Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative pathogen that is emerging as a predominant cause of infections within military personnel injured during Operation Iraqi Freedom and has recently caused deadly outbreaks in the U.S., South America, and Europe. In addition to causing high incidences of morbidity and mortality, both organisms have also developed resistance to all currently available antibiotics, further amplifying public health concern and accentuating the need for new antibiotics for the treatment of S. aureus and A. baumannii infections ...

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen known to cause a range of infections in hospitals. Despite their recent emergence, strains of A. baumannii, resistant to essentially all routinely used antibiotics, have been isolated from clinical settings. Bioinformatic analysis identified more than 50 transporter systems with a putative role in drug efflux in the genome of A. baumannii ATCC17978, representing ~2% of all its protein coding ORFs. Based on an assumption that drug transport is often associated with over-expression of a relevant efflux system in the presence of the substrate, high-throughput quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) has been performed after shock treatments with sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and differential expression of genes was assessed. This strategy has led to the discovery of novel drug efflux systems and defined physiological functions for previously characterised and novel pumps in drug resistance ...

Genus and Species: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (strepomycin sensitive) Domain: Prokaryote Optimal Growth Medium: Brain Heart Infusion Agar Optimal Growth Temperature: 30° C Package: MicroKwik Culture® Vial Biosafety Level: 2 Gram Stain: Gram-Negative Shape: Bacillus (rod-shaped)

Domain architecture and assignment details (superfamily, family, region, evalue) for HMPREF0012_00695T0 from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ruh2202. Plus protein sequence and external database links.

การจำแนกเชื้อ Acinetobacter species สามารถใช้วิธี multiplex PCR เพื่อตรวจหา natural occurring blaOXA gene ที่จำเพาะต่อเชื้อแต่ละ species ได้ ดังนี้ blaOXA23 ในเชื้อ blaOXA134 ในเชื้อ A. lwoffii/A. schindleri, blaOXA211 ในเชื้อ A. johnsonii, blaOXA213 ในเชื้อ A. calcoaceticus, blaOXA214 ในเชื้อ A. haemolyticus, และ blaOXA228 ในเชื้อ A. bereziniae. ...

Within last 15 years, analyzing patterns of etiology and resistance in organisms causing neuroinfections, emergence of resistance has been observed in Slovakia in S. haemolyticus to teicoplanin (11%), Ps. aeruginosa and A. baumannii to meropenem (20%) and Candida spp. (non-albicans Candida spp.) to fluconazol (20%). There are no new antibiotics against carbapenem resistant Ps. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.. ...

The use of imipenem antibiotics to treat A. baumannii infections as the premier agents continued well in the 1990s. Despite the growing incidence of resistance, the level of imipenem use remained relatively high. The persistence of its use in clinical settings can be explained by its superior activity against A.baumannii compared to other antimicrobial agents, even with its growing resistance[63]. As the resistance of imipenem continued to grow, another bacteriostatic carbapenem began to be used in greater frequency-meropenem. In addition to be a broad-spectrum agent against gram-negative bacteria, meropenem is also less likely to cause seizures than imipenem[64]. Besides the continued the use of carbapenems, the combination of anti-A.baumannii agents was a major therapeutic strategy employed in the 1990s. The main purpose of these pairings was to put together drugs that would have similar effects as a monotherapy drug of the same class. This usually involved pairing a drug with high resistance ...

During the one-year period, 159 patients were followed up.Mean age was 61.82±16.81. VAP developed in 96 (60%) patients with 37.2/1000 ventilation days.The mean APCAHE II score was 24.32±5.94, and there was no difference between VAP and non-VAP patients.Median mechanical ventilation days for non-VAP patients were 3 days (1-15 days).Mortality rate for non-VAP patients was 88.5%, and the median time for death was 4th day of hospitalization.Median time for VAP development was 5.5 days (2-25 days).Acinetobacter baumannii (42%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%) were the most common pathogens.All microorganisms were multi-resistant.Imipenem resistance of A.baumannii and P.aeruginosa was 92% and 71%, respectively.The most significant risk factors for VAP were stay in hospital before MICU (OR:3.11) and length of stay in MICU (1.47). Mortality rate for VAP-patients was 80% and there was no statistically difference between the mortality rates of VAP and non-VAP patients.Median total cost of non-VAP ...

Acinetobacter, Acinetobacter Baumannii, Bacteria, Health, Healthcare, Hospitals, Infection, Infection Control, Infections, Klebsiella, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Organization, Pneumonia, Prevalence, Public Health, Urinary Tract, World Health, World Health Organization