In this reaction, the hydrogen atom that belongs to cellulose hydroxyl is replaced by an acetic group from acetic anhydride, yielding a carboxylic acid and an ester group in the wood, which is less polar to strong hydroxyl. This strategy renders wood more compatible with apolar polymers such as polyolefins.. Hence, the objectives of this study were to verify the effects of the proportion of acetic acid/anhydride on the acetylation of wood flour at varying times and temperatures and to examine hydroxyl and carbonyl groups by FTIR. The influence of these parameters was verified by experiments with a factorial design and partial least squares regression, both useful techniques for obtaining information concerning the effect of parameters in a given process.25-28 EXPERIMENTAL. Materials. Wood flour (100 mesh) from Pinus sp. trees, with a density of 0.25 g/cm³, was supplied by Pinhopó Ltda. Acetic acid and acetic anhydride (both from Biotec) were used in different ratios in the acetylation ...

Title:L-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid-4-Hydrogen Sulfate (Supported on Silica Gel) as a New and Efficient Catalyst for Acylation of Alcohols, Phenols and Amines Under Solvent-Free Conditions. VOLUME: 10 ISSUE: 5. Author(s):Maryam Hajjami, Arash Ghorbani-Choghamarani and Zahra Khani. Affiliation:Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, P.O. Box 69315516, Ilam, Iran.. Keywords:Acylation, L-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid-4-hydrogen sulfate, Acetic anhydride, Alcohol, Phenol, Amine.. Abstract:In the present work, L-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid-4-hydrogen sulfate, supported on silica gel was prepared and characterized by Mass spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13CNMR, FT IR and elemental analysis (CHN) methods. This heterogenized catalyst can be used as an efficient catalyst for the acylation of alcohols, phenols, and amines with acetic anhydride under mild and solvent-free conditions. Simple work-up, stability of the catalyst, nontoxicity and good to high yields are the advantages of this ...

The Erlenmeyer-Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis, named after Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer who partly discovered the reaction, is a series of chemical reactions which transform an N-acyl glycine to various other amino acids via an oxazolone and an azlactone. Hippuric acid, the benzamide derivative of glycine, cyclizes in the presence of acetic anhydride, condensing to give 2-phenyl-oxazolone. This intermediate also has two acidic protons and reacts with benzaldehyde, acetic anhydride and sodium acetate to a so-called azlactone. This compound on reduction gives access to phenylalanine. Variants of the azlactone synthesis in which analogues of azlactones are used are sometimes advantageous. Hydantoin (in Bergmann modification), thiohydantoin and rhodanine have each been employed as the enolate-forming component of the condensation. In one study the Erlenmeyer amino acid synthesis was used in the heart of an L-m-tyrosine synthesis Dakin-West reaction Perkin reaction Plöchl, J. ...

A series of momochloromethyl arenes and heteroarenes have been reacted with triphenyltin hydride at 70° C. Under these radical conditions the only observable reaction is reduction of the starting material to arylmethane or heteroarylmethane. A significant range of relative rates (a factor of eighty) has been found among the compounds studied. The relative reactivities of the homoarylmethylchlorides can be correlated with various calculated energy differences obtained from a standard semi-empirical SCF MO method. Excellent correlations, with coefficients of at least 0.990, were obtained using several different molecular orbital models. The accuracy of these results for a nucleophilic radical is comparable to those previously obtained for hydrogen abstraction by the electrophilic trichloromethyl radical species. The relative reactivities of the heteroarylmethyl chlorides yielded poor correlations when plotted against the same SCF calculated energy differences. Poor results were also obtained when ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Spin trapping chemistry of the diphenylphosphinyl radical. AU - Sueishi, Y.. AU - Nishihara, Y.. PY - 2001/1/1. Y1 - 2001/1/1. N2 - The diphenylphosphinyl radical (.PPh2), produced from hydrogen atom abstraction of diphenylphosphine by 2,2diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl, was trapped by several kinds of spin trap and the relative reactivities of the .PPh2 radical toward the five kinds of spin trap were determined by competitive reactions using DMPO as a reference.. AB - The diphenylphosphinyl radical (.PPh2), produced from hydrogen atom abstraction of diphenylphosphine by 2,2diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl, was trapped by several kinds of spin trap and the relative reactivities of the .PPh2 radical toward the five kinds of spin trap were determined by competitive reactions using DMPO as a reference.. KW - Diphenylphosphinyl radical. KW - Spin trapping. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0035028143&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - ...

Four glycopeptides (I, IIA, IIB, III) with different oligosaccharide structures were isolated from purified mouse thymocyte Thy-1 glycoprotein. The glycoprotein was digested with Pronase, and the glycopeptide fraction was isolated by gel filtration and acetylated with [3H]acetic anhydride. The different glycan structures were separated by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B and lentil lectin-Sepharose 4B. Size determinations of intact and exoglycosidase- and endoglycosidase-digested glycopeptides were performed by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-6, calibrated with glycopeptides of known structure. On the basis of these experiments and on the behaviour of the glycopeptides on the lectin columns, the following structures of the oligosaccharide chains were proposed: I, triantennary complex-type with terminal fucose; IIA, biantennary complex-type without fucose; IIB, biantennary complex-type with fucose; III, a mixture of high-mannose chains containing either five or six ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Changes to biological activity following acetylation of dendrotoxin I from Dendroaspis polylepis (black mamba). AU - Harvey, A.L.. AU - Rowan, E.G.. AU - Vatanpour, H.. AU - Engstrom, A.. AU - Westerlund, B.. AU - Karlsson, E.. PY - 1997/8. Y1 - 1997/8. N2 - The potassium channel blocker dendrotoxin I was acetylated with acetic anhydride. Mono-acetyl derivatives of all seven lysine residues (N-terminus blocked) and a di-derivative were isolated by chromatography on the cation-exchanger Bio-Rex 70 and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The derivative acetyl-Lys 29 and the di-derivative of Tyr 24 and Lys 28 had more than 1000 times lower affinity than the native toxin as determined by inhibition of the 125I-dendrotoxin binding to synaptosomal membranes from rat brain. Lys 29 is part of the triplet Lys-Lys-Lys (28-30) which also occurs in the homologous alpha-dendrotoxin where the triplet is not in the functional site, as shown by site-directed mutagenesis. ...

A novel method for the preparation of α-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanoparticles as an eco-friendly and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as the organic matrix which produced a better dispersion of ZrP nanoparticles. The catalyst was characterized by several physico-chemical techniques such as ICP-OES, XRD, TPD-NH3, pyridine-FTIR, BET, FTIR, TGA, SEM and TEM. The acidic property of ZrP was studied in the protection of aldehydes with acetic anhydride (AA) in the at room temperature. The deprotection of 1,1-diacetates has also been achieved using this catalyst in water. The procedure is operationally simple, environmentally benign and only a stoichiometric amount of AA is used. The catalyst was recovered easily from the reaction mixture, regenerated, and reused at least eight times without significant loss in catalytic activity.

Effective and clean preparation of aromatic aldehyde acylals in the presence of synthetic phosphates (flourapatite and hydroxyapatite doped with ZnCl2 and ZnBr2) and acetic anhydride was easily achieved under solvent-free conditions at room temperature at high yields (86% - 97%). The deprotection of the resulting acylum was also accomplished by using the same microwave irradiation catalysts. Excellent yields (82 percent - 96 percent) and a quick reaction time are consistently advantaged by this strategy (3 - 4 min).. Author (s) Details. Fathallaah ...

In this article we describe a versatile and straightforward preparative approach to chiral aryl α-amino ketones via a Friedel-Crafts-type reaction of stable and enantiomerically pure N-Fmoc protected L-amino acid chlorides with toluene in the presence of aluminum trichloride. The developed methodology provided aryl α-amino-p-methylphenyl ketones, which can be obtained and isolated as free bases or recovered as their N-acetyl derivatives, after treatment with acetic anhydride in chloroform at room temperature, subsequent to the Lewis acid induced removal of the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protecting group. The Friedel-Crafts-like process and the cleavage of the amino function masking group can selectively be performed since, as verified in all cases, the α-aminoacylation step occurred with kinetics that were faster than those required to remove the N-protection. The presented approach was also explored as a facile and useful synthetic tool for the preparation of optically pure ketone di- and ...

N-ETHYL-MDA;. 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXY-N-ETHYLAMPHETAMINE. SYNTHESIS: (from MDA) To a solution of 3.6 g of the free base of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) in 20 g pyridine, there was added 2.3 g acetic anhydride, and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h. This was then poured into 250 mL H2O and acidified with HCl. This aqueous phase was extracted with 3×75 mL CH2Cl2, the extracts pooled and washed with dilute HCl, and the solvent removed under vacuum. The pale amber residue of N-acetyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine weighed 5.2 g as the crude product, and it was reduced without purification. On standing it slowly formed crystals. Recrystallization from a mixture of EtOAc/hexane (1:1) gave white crystals with a mp of 92-93 °C.. A stirred suspension of 4.8 g LAH in 400 mL anhydrous THF was brought up to a reflux, and then treated with a solution of 5.0 g of the impure N-acetyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine in 20 mL anhydrous THF. Reflux conditions were maintained for 3 days, and then ...

Industrial growth in China and technological progress is driving the global chemicals industry, states a new report by industry research firm GBI Research.. The new report studies acetic acid, an important chemical with applications in several downstream industries like textiles, food processing and several other industrial chemical processes. Acetic acid prices are mainly driven by the prices of feedstock and methanol and demand for its derivatives, including Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM), which is used in paints, adhesives and coatings, and Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA), which is mainly used in the manufacture of polyester and fibers, as well as acetic anhydride and ethyl acetate. An increasing trend in acetate esters being used mainly as solvents for inks, paints and coatings has also been observed in the last few years.. On the technological front, emerging technologies are offering promising opportunities for growth within the chemicals industry. Manufacturers of acetic acid are ...

A series of pyridines, pyrimidinones, oxazinones and their derivatives were synthesized as antimicrobial agents using citrazinic acid (2,6-dihydroxyisonicotinic acid) as a starting material. α,β-Unsaturated ketones 3a-c were condensed with cyanothio-acetamide in the presence of ammonium acetate to give 2-cyanopyridinethiones 4a-c, which were reacted with ethyl chloroacetate to yield the corresponding cyano esters 5a-c. The esters 5a-c were cyclized by action of sodium methoxide to aminoesters 6a-c, which were aminolyzed with ammonia to corresponding aminoamide derivatives 7a-c. Also, the esters 6a-c were hydrolyzed with NaOH to the corresponding sodium salt 8a-c, which were treated with acetic anhydride to afford 2-methyloxazinones 9a-c. The latter compounds were treated with ammonium acetate to afford 2-methylpyrimidinones 10a-c, followed by methylation with methyl iodide to yield 2,3-dimethyl-pyrimidinones 11a-c. The antimicrobial screening showed that many of these compounds have good antibacterial

TY - JOUR. T1 - Quantitation of neuropeptides in Cpefat/Cpefat mice using differential isotopic tags and mass spectrometry. AU - Che, Fa yun. AU - Fricker, Lloyd D.. PY - 2002/7/1. Y1 - 2002/7/1. N2 - Neuroendocrine peptides play important roles as intercellular messengers. We previously developed a technique to isolate and identify a large number of neuroendocrine peptides from Cpefat/Cpefat mice (Che, F.; et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2001, 98, 9971-6); these mice lack carboxypeptidase E activity and this defect causes an accumulation of neuropeptide intermediates that contain C-terminal Lys or Arg residues (Naggert, J. K.; et al. Nat. Genet. 1995, 10, 135-42). In the present study, we have developed a differential isotopic-labeling technique that can be used to quantitate changes in neuropeptide levels in Cpefat/Cpefat mouse tissues. Samples are treated with either the H6 or the D6 form of acetic anhydride, peptides that contain C-terminal basic amino acids are isolated by affinity ...

Since characterization, the development of synthetic pathways to histrionicotoxin has been of interest to research groups due to its unusual functionality. The Kishi group proposed the first total synthesis of the parent 283A in 1985 using 89, a previously synthesized lactam used for the synthesis of other variants.[8] Treatment with acetic anhydride yielded 133 in quantitative yield. The cyclic enol ether 134 was formed through oxidative cleavage promoting intramolecular addition followed by a basic deprotection and dehydration. Bromination followed by dehydrobromination in methanol was then found to give an epimeric mixture of unsaturated 135. Hydrolysis, reduction and acetylation yielded 136. Formation of a thiolactam followed by condensation with ethyl bromoacetate gave 137. Selective deprotection of the allylic alcohol followed by oxidation gave 138. A Wittig reaction then generated a chloroalkene, which, upon base-promoted elimination of HCl, gave a terminal alkyne, which was subsequently ...

VOLUME 1. Abrasives.. Absorption.. Acetaldehyde.. Acetic Acid.. Acetic Acid, Halogenated Derivatives.. Acetic Anhydride.. Acetone.. Acetylene.. Acetylene-Derived Chemicals.. Acrolein and Derivatives.. Acrylamide.. Acrylamide Polymers.. Acrylic Acid and its Derivatives.. Acrylic Ester Polymers.. Acrylonitrile.. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Polymers.. Acrylonitrile Polymers, Survey and Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN).. Actinides and Transactinides.. Adhesion.. Adhesives.. Adipic Acid.. Adsorption.. Adsorption, Gas Separation.. Adsorption, Liquid Separation.. Advanced Materials, Economic Evaluation.. Aeration, Biotechnology.. Aerogels.. Aerosols.. Air Pollution.. Air Pollution and Control, Indoor.. VOLUME 2.. Alcohols, Higher Aliphatic, Survey.. Alcohols, Higher Aliphatic, Synthetic Processes.. Alcohols, Polyhydric.. Aldehydes.. Alkaloids.. Alkanolamines from Nitro Alcohols.. Alkanolamines from Olefin Oxides and Ammonia.. Alkyd Resins.. Alkylation.. Alkylphenols.. Allyl Alcohol and Monoallyl ...

Friedel-Crafts reactions are examples of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The reaction involves the substitution of hydrogen on the aromatic ring system by an electrophilic carbon species forming a new carbon-carbon bond. Friedel-Crafts reactions may be used to introduce either an alkyl or acyl group. Ferrocene does not undergo addition reactions typical of cyclopentadiene, but undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution. The Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction of ferrocene involves the addition of the acylium cation to one of the carbon atoms on the ring, followed by loss of a proton (to solvent). The acylium cation is produced from acetic anhydride, which also serves as a solvent for this reaction. If only one ring reacts, then the product is the orange acetylferrocene. If both rings react, then the product is the red 1,1-diacetylferrocene. The reaction time of this experiment is reduced to limit the formation of 1,1-diacetylferrocene. Your objectives in this experiment will be ...

Reagents. Cell culture media and reagents were from Invitrogen. HPLC-grade organic solvents were from Fisher Scientific. LDL (d, 1.020-1.063) was isolated from fresh human plasma by preparative ultracentrifugation as described previously (73). Our studies with purchased human plasma and purchased human aortic endothelial cells were exempt from IRB approval because the sources were anonymous. Acetyl-LDL was prepared by reaction of LDL with acetic anhydride (74). U18666A, KN93, KN92, AIP-II, SP6000125, and RU360 were from Calbiochem. All other chemical reagents, including the ACAT inhibitor 58035 (3-[decyldimethylsilyl]-N-[2-(4-methylphenyl)-1-phenylethyl] propanamide), were from Sigma-Aldrich unless otherwise specified. Mice. C57BL/6J and Fas-deficient (Lpr) mice used for peritoneal macrophage isolation were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. Jnk2-/- mice were provided by R. Flavell (Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; ref. 75), and Stat1-/- mice were provided by ...

A 1-l. three-necked round-bottomed flask, fitted with a dropping funnel and a mechanical stirrer, is cooled in an ice-salt mixture. To the flask are added 55.5 g. (50 ml., 0.42 mole) of freshly distilled cinnamaldehyde (Note 1) and 225 ml. of acetic anhydride. When the temperature of the solution has reached 0-5° a solution of 18 ml. of concentrated nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.42) in 50 ml. of glacial acetic acid is added slowly through the dropping funnel while the mixture is stirred. The time of addition is 3-4 hours, during which the temperature is kept below 5°. After the addition is complete, the mixture is allowed to warm slowly to room temperature. The reaction flask is then dismantled and stoppered, and the reaction mixture is allowed to stand 2 days ...

The ketone XIII, obtained by Friedel-Crafts reaction of toluene with homoveratroyl chloride, was converted by the Leuckart reaction to the formamido derivative IXb which was used as the starting product for the synthesis of amines IIIb-Vb. Reduction of the ketone XIII gave the alcohol XVI which was treated with hydrogen chloride and afforded the chloro compound XVII. Its substitution reactions with 1-methylpiperazine, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine and 1-phenylpiperazine resulted in the piperazines VIb-VIIIb. Acylations of the amine IIIb with acetic anhydride and homoveratroyl chloride gave the amides Xb and XIb which, together with the formamide IXb, were subjected to the Bischler-Napieralski reaction. 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolines XXII-XXIV were obtained and reduced to the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines XXVb-XXVIIb. Treatment of XXVIIb with formaldehyde afforded the berbine derivative XXVIII. Demethylation of the amine IIIb with hydrobromic acid resulted in the title compound IIIa. Similar ...

Substitution reactions of (E)-11-(3-bromopropylidene)-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin (VIIIa) and its 2-chloro derivative VIIIb with 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine gave the title compounds IIIa and IIIb which afforded by treatment with acetic anhydride, decanoyl chloride and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl chloride the esters IVab-VIab. Reduction of the olefinic compounds IIIa and IIIb with hydrolytic acid resulted in the saturated amines IXa and IXb. The piperazine derivativeX was obtained by a substitution reaction of 2,11-dichloro-6,11-dihydrobenzo[b,e]thiepin with 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine. The amino alcohols IIIa and IIIb, as well as their acetates and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoates, are almost devoid of the CNS effects. The decanates Va and Vb have not the properties of the depot antipsychotics (neither antidepressants, nor neuroleptics). The saturated amino alcohol IXa showed some antihistamine, spasmolytic and adrenolytic effects.. ...

Abstract : Artocarpus kemando Miq. is a species from Moraceae family in Indonesia know as Pudau plant. The purposes of this research are to isolate, characterize, modify and test the antibacterial activity to the artocarpin compounds isolated from pudau plants. The research stages includeed sample preparation, extraction, isolation, and purification of compounds using chromatographic techniques (TLC, VLC, and CC), characterization of compounds using spectroscopy. Isolated compound was obtained as a yellow crystal with a melting point of 185-187 oC. Based on the results of spectroscopic analysis indicated that it has been successfully isolated a prenylated flavonoid, artocarpin in the amount of 35.2 mg. The modification of artocarpin with acetic anhydride produced acetyled artocarpin as yellow crystal. Artocarpin and the modified compounds showed an antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Keywords : antibacterial, A. kemando Miq., Artocarpin, B. subtilis, E. ...

6 Hz), 4.85 (1H, s); 13C NMR 853.28,65.12 (15 Hz, C3), 67.3 (24 Hz, C5), 69.72 (C2), 81.1 (JCF = 168 Hz, C4), 89.9 (JCF = 171 Hz, C4), 101.47 (C1). 1 ,2,3-Tri-O-acetyl-4,6-di-deoxy-4,6-difluoro-a-D-talopyranoside (73). To compound 72 (100 mg, 0.543 mmol) was added 2% sulfuric acid solution in acetic anhydride (1.2 ml). The mixture was stirred at rt for 90 minutes. The contents were diluted with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was thoroughly washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford 73. 2,3-Di-O-acetyl-4,6-di-deoxY-4,6-difluoro-a-D-talo-di-O-benzyl phosphate (75) : Compound 73 ( 70 mg, 0.225 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous CH3CN saturated with dimethylamine (5 ml ) at -20°C and stirred for 3h after which TlC confirmed the disappearance of starting material. Excess of dimethylamine was removed under reduced pressure at 30°C and the reaction mixture was concentrated to afford 2,3, ...

Extra resources for Biopolymer Nanocomposites: Processing, Properties, and Applications. Sample text. Since damaged fibers are not observed after chemical and mechanical treatments, aspect ratios of the NFs are good. The width of fibers varied slightly according to the type of mushrooms used. It is expected that preparation of CNFs from crab and prawn shells and vegetable source mushrooms will be applicable to other cell wall or skeleton-containing vegetable or animal sources. 5 wt% depending on the species of mushrooms. The details of elemental analysis and species-wise composition of elements and NFs have been described by Ifuku et al. 4° are charateristic of 020, 110, 120, and 130 planes, respectively. The spectra show typical antiparallel crystal pattern of α-chitin. 7°. 81, here about 50% of OH groups were substituted. 15. 96 preparation, which indicates that chitin diacetate is insoluble in the reaction mixture acetic anhydride. 96. 96. Scale 200 nm. the DS increased, the thickness of ...

top 4 methods of pollen preparation palynologyerdtmans method of pollen preparation: g.erdtman (1952, 1964) suggested a widely accepted standard method of pollen preparation, and this method is called acetolysis method. in this method, pollen grains are treated with a mixture of 9 parts acetic anhydride and 1 part concentrated sulphuric acid. 4. pollination ampcrosspolination: all you need to know as a realize when the wind blows, pollen is scattered in the air. this allows the pollen to land inside the female flower. but when a bee lands inside a flower, it will get pollen on it. when the bee lands on the next flower, the pollen collected from the previous flower will fall off into the new flower. if the flower is female, pollination has a guide to isolation distances seed savers exchangekeep in mind that plants exchange pollen only during flowering, and isolation is required only when two or more varieties are flowering at the same time. as a general rule, plants that primarily selfpollinate ...

Epoxy Adhesive. Geographically Regions Analysis Considering Regions As Follows:-. Areas More Included as North America Methyl Tetrahydrophthalic Anhydride Market (Canada, Mexico, and The USA), Europe Methyl Tetrahydrophthalic Anhydride Market (Austria, Switzerland, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, UK), Asia-Pacific and Australia Methyl Tetrahydrophthalic Anhydride Market (China, South Korea, Thailand, India, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Japan), Latin America/South America Methyl Tetrahydrophthalic Anhydride Market (Argentina and Brazil), The Middle East and Africa Methyl Tetrahydrophthalic Anhydride Market (South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Morocco and Nigeria).. INQUIRE RESEARCH REPORT HERE (Get First Priority Using Corporate Email Id) @ https://market.us/report/methyl-tetrahydrophthalic-anhydride-market/inquiry. Primary Objectives of the Global Methyl Tetrahydrophthalic Anhydride Market Report:. 1) The report offers a ten-year forecast ...

Hydrogen peroxide and water react with tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) to form consecutively triacetylethylenediamine and diacetylethylenediamine with the release of two molecules of peracetic acid or acetic acid. The effect of pH, specific buffers and temperature on the rates of hydrolysis and perhydrolysis are compared. Peracetic acid reacts with TAED very slowly. The ratio of the second-order rate constants for the reaction of TAED with hydroperoxide and peracetate anions is exceptionally large after taking into account the difference in pKa values of their conjugate acids. The relative reactivity of various nucleophiles with TAED is discussed in terms of its performance as a bleach activator.. ...

The starting material for the chemistry described here was made in seven steps, from simple precursors. Treatment of the functionalised imidazole with triflic anhydride resulted in a Pummerer reaction, which could proceed in either of the two mechanisms below. Postulate a) is a vinylogous Pummerer, where a sulfonium ion is firstly formed along with an iminium ion. The two charges of the intermediate makes me feel bit uncomfortable… The other option is a more standard Pummerer, where the amide nitrogen attacks the imidazole directly, resulting in a spiro-fused intermediate that must do a 1,2 N-shift to give the 6,5-fused target.. Either way, the yield is fairly good for such a piece of chemistry!. ...

[150 Pages Report] Check for Discount on 2016 Mephentermine (CAS 100-92-5) Industry Market Report report by Prof Research. The Global and Chinese Mephentermine Industry, 2011-2021 Market Research...

University of Canterbury Library This thesis examines the design, synthesis and biological applications of a series of inhibitors which incorporate an azobenzene photoswitch, a peptidyl backbone and a trifluoromethyl ketone warhead. The photoswitch can be isomerised by irradiation with UV or visible light and has been employed to modulate the reactivity of the enzyme. Chapter one gives a brief outline of some of the important areas related to this work. Examples of previously utilised photoswitches as well as some background on serine protease and the uses of fluorine in medicine has been covered. Chapter two outlines the synthesis of the key trifluoromethyl carbinol 2.6 by two different methods. The condensation of a fluorinated aldehyde with a nitroalkane affords an α-nitro trifluoromethyl carbinol which can be reduced to give the desired amine 2.6. Treatment of oxazolones with trifluoroacetic anhydride via a modified Dakin-West reaction gives trifluoromethyl ketones which can be reduced to ...

5-Fluoroisatoic Anhydride 321-69-7 NMR spectrum, 5-Fluoroisatoic Anhydride H-NMR spectral analysis, 5-Fluoroisatoic Anhydride C-NMR spectral analysis ect.

4-Chlorophthalic Anhydride | 118-45-6, chemical structure search 4-Chlorophthalic Anhydride including CAS No., molecular formula, chemical properties, chemical suppliers, price of chemical.

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Sigma-Aldrich offers Aldrich-441570, (R)-(+)-2-Acetoxysuccinic anhydride for your research needs. Find product specific information including CAS, MSDS, protocols and references.

Joosten, Mathew W., Agius, Steven, Hilditch, Tim and Wang, Chun 2017, Effect of residual stress on the matrix fatigue cracking of rapidly cured epoxy/anhydride composites, Composites part A: applied science and manufacturing, vol. 101, pp. 521-528, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.07.007. ...

Dissolution of paracetamol crystallized in the presence of poly(vinyl acetate-co-maleic anhydride), DA Raval, DN Parikh, VM Patel

Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity (9th Edition) answers to Chapter 5 Principles of Chemical Reactivity: Energy and Chemical Reactions - Study Questions - Page 217g 99 including work step by step written by community members like you. Textbook Authors: Kotz, John C.; Treichel, Paul M.; Townsend, John R.; Treichel, David A., ISBN-10: 1133949649, ISBN-13: 978-1-13394-964-0, Publisher: Cengage Learning

Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity (9th Edition) answers to Chapter 15 Principles of Chemical Reactivity: Equilibria - Study Questions - Page 583b 10 including work step by step written by community members like you. Textbook Authors: Kotz, John C.; Treichel, Paul M.; Townsend, John R.; Treichel, David A., ISBN-10: 1133949649, ISBN-13: 978-1-13394-964-0, Publisher: Cengage Learning

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...

Divergent synthesis and chemical reactivity of bicyclic lactone fragments of complex rearranged spongian diterpenes.: The synthesis and direct comparison of the

TY - JOUR. T1 - Possibilities of the application of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride derivatives of various molecular structures. AU - Kocsis, Z.. AU - Baladincz, J.. AU - Bartha, L.. AU - Hancsók, J.. PY - 2001/12/1. Y1 - 2001/12/1. N2 - Detergent-dispersant (DD) effect is one of the most important properties of lubricants and fuels. To ensure these properties various types of additives are used in increasing amount in the performance additive packages. Among them ashless types and mostly polyalkenyl succinic anhydride derivatives are applied in high volumes. In this paper the main advantages of the ashless additives are presented showing the dependence of their properties on the molecule structure (monosuccinimides, bissuccinimides, mixtures thereof and polysuccinimide). Additionally, the interactions with other additives are shown which can determine the main tribological properties of the lubricants.. AB - Detergent-dispersant (DD) effect is one of the most important properties of ...

0147]In the present example, a 3-ring analog-bonded CPG unit (11) was prepared. That is to say, 143 mg (0.21 mmol) of the Compound (9) was dissolved in pyridine (2 mL), 0.5 μg (4.2 μMol, 0.02 eq) of DMAP and 63 mg (0.63 mmol, 3.0 eq) of succinic anhydride were added and stirred under Ar atmosphere at room temperature. After 110 hours, it was checked by TLC that there was no further progress in the reaction, and dilution with ethyl acetate, extraction/washing with water (×2), NaHCO3 (×1) and a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl (×1) and drying with sodium acetate were carried out to remove the solvent. From here, [what remains after the solvent was removed] was dissolved in DMF (4 mL), 0.62 g (0.047 mmol, 1.0 eq) of CPG was blended with the reaction solution and 36 mg (0.188 mmol, 4 eq) of WSC was added. [The solution] was shaken at room temperature for 2 days, thereafter, washed and dried with pyridine, then, 1.5 mL of acetic anhydride, 13.5 mL of pyridine and 0.183 g of DMAP [0.1 M DMAP in ...

0004] PTHF is usually prepared industrially by ring-opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) over suitable catalysts. The chain length and thus the average molecular weight of the polymer chains can be controlled by addition of chain termination reagents (telogens). Choice of suitable telogens enables additional functional groups to be introduced at one or both ends of the polymer chain. Other telogens act not only as chain termination reagents but also as comonomer which is additionally built into the growing polymer chain of the PTHF. In industry, two-stage processes in which tetrahydrofuran is polymerized, e.g. in the presence of fluorosulfonic acid or oleum, to form polytetrahydrofuran esters which are subsequently hydrolyzed to polytetrahydrofuran are predominantly carried out. Carrying out the preparation of THF homopolymers and copolymers in the presence of carboxylic anhydrides or mixtures thereof with carboxylic acids, for example in the presence of acetic anhydride or acetic ...

5.1 Exposure data Tetranitromethane is produced commercially by nitration of acetic anhydride or acetylene. Tetranitromethane has been used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants and explosives. Few data are available on human exposure to tetranitromethane. 5.2 Human carcinogenicity data No data were available to the Working Group. 5.3 Animal carcinogenicity data Tetranitromethane was tested for carcinogenicity in one study in mice and in one study in rats by inhalation exposure. The incidence of alveolar-bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas was markedly increased in treated mice and rats, and the incidence of squamous-cell carcinomas of the lung was increased in treated rats. 5.4 Other relevant data No human or experimental animal data were available to the Working Group on the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of tetranitromethane. No human data were available on the toxic effects of tetranitromethane. Tetranitromethane induced lethargy, reduced body-weight gain and inflammatory ...

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Information for Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride 26590-20-5 including Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride CAS NO 26590-20-5, Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride Suppliers, Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride Manufacturers, related products of Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Mechanistic investigation of the one-pot formation of amides by oxidative coupling of alcohols with amines in methanol. AU - Mielby, Jerrik Jørgen. AU - Riisager, Anders. AU - Fristrup, Peter. AU - Kegnæs, Søren. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - The one-pot formation of amides by oxidative coupling of alcohols and amines via intermediate formation of methyl ester using supported gold and base as catalysts was studied using the Hammett methodology. Determining the relative reactivity of four different para-substituted benzyl alcohol derivatives showed that the first step of the reaction generates a partial positive charge in the benzylic position (i.e. by hydride abstraction), while the second step of the reaction builds up negative charge in the rate determining step. The aminolysis of the methyl ester intermediate was further investigated by means of DFT/B3LYP. The transition state structures and energies were determined for both a concerted and a neutral two-step reaction ...

Introduction. Reactivity of Mg and Ca Introduction The aim of this practical is to observe the difference in the reactivity between Mg and Ca when hot and cold water is added. Hypothesis We think they will react in some kind of form. Variables The independent variable was the temperature of the water and also the quantity of metal use in the experiment and the dependent variable was the reaction. Equipment * Mg (s) * Ca (s) * Phenolphthalein * Beaker * Cold and hot water * Sandpaper * Test tubes with rack Procedure 1. ...read more. Middle. 5. Water was heated over a Benson burner and poured into the two test tubes without water while observing the reactions. 6. Two droplets of phenolphalein were added in each of the test tubes filled with cold water to observe the change in ph. Observation Relative reactivity of Cold water Hot water Mg There was a minimum reaction. Fig. 1 There is a bigger reaction than with the cold water. Fig. 2 Ca The temperature of the water increases right away. Before we ...

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Looking for caprylic anhydride? Find out information about caprylic anhydride. 2O A white solid that melts at -1°C; used as a chemical intermediate Explanation of caprylic anhydride

Looking for chlorendic anhydride? Find out information about chlorendic anhydride. C9H2Cl6O3 White, fine crystals used in fire-resistant polyester resins, in hardening epoxy resins, and as a chemical intermediate Explanation of chlorendic anhydride

Bis(trifluoromethyl)thiophosphinic acid, (CF3)2P(S)OH, has been prepared by the reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid with salts of the acid. The new moderately strong monothio acid is stable in aqueous solution but yields 1 mol of CF3H per mole of acid upon alkaline hydrolysis. The acid has been characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods including gas-phase infrared spectra which suggest that the acid has the (CF3)2P(S)OH structure. Dehydration of the acid with P4O10 proceeds smoothly to give good yields of the anhydride, ((CF3)2P(S))2O, which is extremely inert toward electrophilic reagents such as hydrogen halides and hydrogen sulfide. The infrared and nmr spectral properties of the acid and its anhydride are discussed. The anhydrides reactions are also discussed.(*ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS

Global Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Market is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the industry. The report provides a basic overview of the Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer market including definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. This report also states import/export consumption, supply and demand figures, cost, price, revenue and gross margins, and the global market size (volume and value).. Access complete report at: https://www.themarketreports.com/report/2017-global-styrene-maleic-anhydride-copolymer-industry-depth-research-report. Key companies profiled in this report are Polyscope Polymers, Total Cray Valley (Tcv), Ineos, Sinopec, Baoding Lucky Chemical, Yinxin Chemical, Kaixin Fine Chemical more in terms of basic information, product categories, Sales (Volume), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%) (2012-2017).. Global Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Market Report covers Alternate Styrene-Maleic ...

Grade: Biotech Appearance Fine, white homogeneous powder Moisture content ≤10% Gel Strength 1.5% ≥1,120 g/cm2 Gelling Point 34.5 - 37.5°C Electroendosmosis-Mr 0.09-0.13 Sulfate ≤0.15% DNase , RNase and protease None detected ...

Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice ...

A coating composition useful for a finish for automobiles and trucks in which the film forming binder contains reactive binder components of about (a) 25-94% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of an acrylic polymer having at least two reactive anhydride groups composed of polymerized monomers of an ethylenically unsaturated anhydride and polymerized monomers from the group consisting of alkyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate and any mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl groups have 1-8 carbon atoms and the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of about 2,000-50,000; (b) 5-50% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a glycidyl component having at least two reactive glycidyl groups; (c) 1-40% by weight, based on the weight of the binder, of a self-stabilized dispersed resin; and the composition contains about 0.1-5% by weight; based on the weight of the binder, of a catalyst.

4124-31-6 Trichloroacetic anhydride testing. Laboratory testing for CAS number 4124-31-6. Trichloroacetic anhydride. This chemical is colourless liquid

Authentic & verified Glycine anhydride Export data for market research & supply chain analysis of Glycine anhydride Export trade, view 102 Export shipments from bill of entry filed at over 64 countries customs.

TY - JOUR. T1 - XXXII. - Action of phosphoric anhydride on fatty acids. Part I. AU - Kipping, F. Stanley. PY - 1890. Y1 - 1890. U2 - 10.1039/CT8905700532. DO - 10.1039/CT8905700532. M3 - Literature review. VL - 57. SP - 532. EP - 540. JO - Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions. JF - Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions. SN - 0368-1645. ER - ...

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Literature References: Prepn: H. T. F. Givens, R. M. Herbst, US 2457656 (1948 to Bilhuber); of hydrochloride: J. Doeuvre, J. Poizat, Compt. Rend. 224, 286 (1947). Pharmacokinetics and metabolism: F. Chanoine et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 31, 1430 (1981). HPLC determn in biological fluids: R. R. Brodie et al., J. Chromatogr. 274, 179 (1983). Clinical trial in hypotension: D. Milon et al., Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 4, 695 (1990). Review of mode of action: B. Pourrias Ann. Pharm. Fr. 49, 127-138 (1991). ...

N-(2-Chloro-5-cyanophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutanamide (3) was synthesized by reacting 4,4,4-trifluorobutanoic acid (1) with 2-amino-4-chlorobenzonitrile (2) in the presence of triethylamine and propylphosphonic anhydride in ethyl acetate. Character-ization of the compound was done by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LC-MS and CHN analysis.

A process for the production of N-acylimidazoles by the reaction of a carboxylic anhydride with carbonyl-diimidazole is disclosed. The products are useful as chemical intermediates.

C08F220/00-Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof ...

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