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FLAP antibody, Internal (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein) for IHC-P, WB. Anti-FLAP pAb (GTX89246) is tested in Human samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.

Intracerebral injection of brain extracts containing amyloid or tau aggregates in transgenic animals can induce cerebral amyloidosis and tau pathology. We extracted pure populations of tau oligomers directly from the cerebral cortex of Alzheimer disease (AD) brain. These oligomers are potent inhibit …

Serum-alone treatment of monocytes did not induce any detectable increase in IL-1β, TNF-α or IL-6 secretion. However, pre-treatment with PFAPA-IN serum did result in significantly more IL-1β secretion following LPSup stimulation as compared to PFAPA-OUT serum pretreatment (330.8 ± 181.5 and 173.5 ± 100.1 pg/ml respectively; n=9; p,0.05). There was no modulation in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 under the present conditions, arguing for a process specific for the IL-1β pathway. ...

Diabetic patients exhibit a reduction in β cells, which secrete insulin to help regulate glucose homeostasis; however, little is known about the factors that regulate proliferation of these cells in human pancreas. Access to primary human β cells is limited and a challenge for both functional studies and drug discovery progress. We previously reported the generation of a human β cell line (EndoC-βH1) that was generated from human fetal pancreas by targeted oncogenesis followed by in vivo cell differentiation in mice. EndoC-βH1 cells display many functional properties of adult β cells, including expression of β cell markers and insulin secretion following glucose stimulation; however, unlike primary β cells, EndoC-βH1 cells continuously proliferate. Here, we devised a strategy to generate conditionally immortalized human β cell lines based on Cre-mediated excision of the immortalizing transgenes. The resulting cell line (EndoC-βH2) could be massively amplified in vitro. After ...

Tips to survive allergy season - Every spring trees and plants release pollen into the air to fertilize other plants. The released pollen can potentially enter an individuals nasal passages and trigger an immune response. This process affects mil...

To compare the roles of soluble CLP and membrane-bound FLAP in LT biosynthesis, we knocked down these proteins in the human monocytic cell line MM6. 5LO activity was determined in cells stimulated by four different protocols. Our results indicate that the presence of CLP in MM6 cells increased 5LO activity in all conditions (Figs. 1 and 2 and Table S1). Thus, CLP can support 5LO activity in intact cells as well, complementing previous in vitro data (12, 17). CLP is not absolutely crucial, however; some 5LO activity remained in all incubations of CLP knockdown cells. FLAP knockdown had only minor effects in incubations including exogenous AA, but 5LO product formation from endogenous substrate was greatly reduced. This finding is in accordance with the ideas that FLAP has a role in providing endogenous substrate to 5LO at the nuclear membrane (6) and that exogenous AA can be converted by 5LO in a FLAP-independent manner.. When cells are stimulated to produce LTs, 5LO typically translocates to the ...

Aggregation of the microtubule‐associated protein tau is a key feature of Alzheimers disease and other so‐called tauopathies, yet what causes this protein to aggregate and what renders it toxic is only slowly being revealed. Because tau spreads in a stereotypical pattern through the diseased brain, it has been proposed that it possesses prion‐like properties, with aggregation‐prone tau facilitating the conversion of naïve tau into toxic forms. The current study by Wegmann et al (2015) addresses whether tau fulfils classical prion criteria by assessing its spreading and toxicity in the absence of endogenous tau. Using different transgenic and viral paradigms, the authors demonstrate that, although tau still propagates in this scenario, there is a decrease in its misfolding and neurotoxicity. They therefore conclude that tau is not a genuine prion, at least when the current definition of these infectious proteins is applied.. See also: S Wegmann et al (December 2015) ...

The researchers first asked how aggregation influences pathology. In the case of the full-length proaggregation form of tau, the scientists saw a pathological conformation of tau (i.e., MC1 staining) and hyperphosphorylation at many sites in the hippocampus after 6 months, but no tangle formation. They saw only minor changes in phosphorylation with the antiaggregation mutant. All changes were reversible when tau expression was switched off for 6 weeks. In the case of the short form of tau, the proaggregation mutant began developing tangles in the entorhinal cortex at 3 months and progressed with age, even at low levels of exogenous tau (0.7 of endogenous), whereas the antiaggregation mutants showed no tangles. The proaggregation short form of tau nucleated aggregates, which then grew to incorporate both transgenic and endogenous tau. In old mice, the proaggregation, but not the antiaggregation mutants caused synaptic loss and neurodegeneration in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In ...

The prediabetic state is characterized by normal glucose tolerance but decreased insulin secretion following glucose stimulation. In spite of our earlier beliefs, this state is not always devoid of metabolic consequences. Thus, the disappearance rate of intravenously administered glucose (k-value), although within the normal range, is significantly lower than in the control group. In a few prediabetics the regulation of hepatic glucose output resembles that of diabetics. In some, the lipolytic response to physical exercise is increased to the extent found in manifest diabetes. Furthermore, prediabetic mothers may give birth to children with diabetic fetopathy. Many of the newborns of these women show high k-values as do children of diabetic women.. The decreased insulin output of prediabetics and mild diabetics is probably due to a decreased sensitivity for glucose of a specific receptor of the beta cells of the pancreas. This suggestion is supported by the finding that both prediabetics and ...

Colostrum Colostrum is the first mammary secretion following the birth of a newborn, prior to lactation. Its properties are highly beneficial for health, growth, development and immune system functions. Bovine Colostrum is nearly identical to human Colostrum, and can benefit growth and immunity, muscle mass development, and bone and joint health in children and adults of all ages. Bovine Colostrum, is used for immune system enhancement, antibacterial, viral, and fungal protection, anti-inflammatory effects, wound healing, gastrointestinal problems, allergies, fatigue and muscle pain relief, to promote growth and muscle mass development and to promote bone and joint health. Collected from U.S. pasture-fed cows, FoodScience Colostrum is pesticide, antibiotic, and hormone free. Each enteric coated capsule contains: 600 mg Bovine Colostrum Ig (Immunoglobulins) 180 mg. Other ingredients: gelatin, water. As a dietary supplement, take 1 capsule on a empty stomach, one to three times daily. This statement has