1. The rate of uptake in 15 s of l- and d-lactate was studied in isolated hepatocyte preparations from starved rats.. 2. Observations were also made of the effect of different concentrations of unlabelled l- and d-lactate on l-[14C]- and d-[14C]-lactate uptake.. 3. Lactate uptake into hepatocytes appears to occur by two processes, one saturable and at least partially stereospecific, the other nonsaturable, at least up to 28 mmol/l, and probably representing simple non-carrier assisted diffusion.. 4. The 15 s uptake of lactate is inhibited by α-cyano-3-hydroxycinnamate and by p-chloromercuriphenylsulphonate but not by the general anion transporter inhibitor 4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid, ouabain or the structural analogue dl-p-hydroxyphenyl-lactate.. 5. Transporter-mediated lactate entry into liver cells is enhanced by lowered extracellular pH.. 6. It is suggested that the contribution of the diffusion component of lactate entry into the cell may be exaggerated by ...

Incubation of cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells with p-chloromercuribenzoate (50-500 microM), a sulfhydryl-reacting agent, caused an increase in the secretion of catecholamines, p-Chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate, a p-chloromercuribenzoate analogue that poorly penetrates the cell membrane, caused a similar increase in catecholamine secretion. In both cases, catecholamine secretion was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Furthermore, p-chloromercuribenzoate caused both 45Ca2+ influx into the cells and an increase in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. The increases in catecholamine secretion and 45Ca2+ influx behaved similarly in relation to p-chloromercuribenzoate concentration. The time courses of the increased secretion, 45Ca2+ influx, and intracellular free Ca2+ concentration by p-chloromercuribenzoate were also quite similar. The stimulation of catecholamine secretion by p-chloromercuribenzoate was reversed by washing the cells with dithiothreitol-containing medium, but not by dithiothreitol

Tonoplast vesicles were prepared from the flesh tissue of mature pear fruit. Sugar uptakes into the vesicles determined by two different methods, the membrane and the gel filtration methods, were quite similar. The uptake was highest for glucose and subsequently, in order, for fructose, sucrose and sorbitol. It was not stimulated by addition of ATP, although the vesicles could create a proton gradient. However, the uptakes were significantly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzene sulphonate (PCMBS, SH-reagent and inhibitor of sugar transporter). Further, the PCMBS-sensitive uptakes of glucose and fructose saturated with their increased concentrations. Thus, these PCMBS-sensitive uptakes are mediated by the transporter of facilitated diffusion. The uptakes of glucose or fructose each had two Km values. Km values for glucose were 0.35 and 18 mM, and those for fructose were 1.6 and 25 raM. The uptake of 0.2 mM glucose was inhibited by 2 mM fructose and that of 2 mM fructose was inhibited by 2 mM ...

Yee SW, Shima JE, Hesselson S, Nguyen L, De Val S, Lafond RJ, Kawamoto M, Johns SJ, Stryke D, Kwok P-Y, Ferrin TE, Black BL, Gurwitz D, Ahituv N, Giacomini KM et al. 2009. Identification and characterization of proximal promoter polymorphisms in the human concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 (SLC28A2). J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 328 (3), pp. 699-707. , Show Abstract , Read more The human concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 (CNT2) plays an important role in the absorption, disposition, and biological effects of endogenous nucleosides and nucleoside analog drugs. We identified genetic variation in the basal promoter region of CNT2 and characterized the function of the variants. We screened DNA from an ethnically diverse population and identified five basal promoter variants in CNT2. Three major haplotypes in the CNT2 basal promoter region were identified and were found at different allele frequencies in various ethnic groups. The common promoter variants and haplotypes were constructed and ...

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Phase change material (PCM) used in buildings can reduce the building energy consumption and indoor temperature fluctuation. A composite PCM has been fabricated by the binary eutectic mixture of tetradecanol (TD) and lauric acid (LA) absorbed into the expanded perlite (EP) using vacuum impregnation method, and its thermal conductivity was promoted by aluminium powder (AP) additive. Besides, the styrene-acrylic emulsion has been mixed with the composite PCM particles to form the protective film, so as to solve the problem of leakage. Thus, a novel PCM panel (PCMP) has been prepared using compression moulding forming method. The thermal property, microstructure characteristic, mechanical property, thermal conductivity, thermal reliability and leakage of the composite PCM have been investigated and analysed. Meanwhile, the thermal performance of the prepared PCMP was tested through PCMPs installed on the inside wall of a cell under outdoor climatic conditions. The composite PCM has a melting temperature of

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Differential protein mobility of the γ-aminobutyric acid, type A, receptor α and β subunit channel-lining segments. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

proline transport protein: MW 100-KDa peptide; facilitates transport of proline in cytoplasmic membrane vesicles; RefSeq NM_053996 (rat); NM_201353 (mouse)

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A motion of transmembrane helices is seen in low-resolution images of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (10). This gated ion channel has five subunits, and the channel is lined by a helix from each of them. Binding of acetylcholine ~35 A away from the membrane leads to substantial rearrangements that switch the channel-lining helices to an alternative association and open the channel ...

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While it is not possible to advocate routine use of the MOAT prior to completion of external validation,29 the MOAT has potential to be applicable to adult hospitalised medical patients (general, acute and elderly medicine), irrespective of age. Given the diverse characteristics of the sample population (table 1), the MOAT also has potential applicability to a wide range of patients in terms of age, ethnicity, comorbidities and medical conditions. The MOAT was also perceived as clinically credible and usable by practising pharmacy professionals.. The MOAT has a modest c-index (0.66), but while the discriminative ability of a prognostic model is important, Steyerberg advises that it is not possible to indicate a minimum value for the c-index to make a model clinically useful.38 This is because the c-index alone does not consider the consequence of false positive or false negatives predictions.38 49 Use of decision thresholds, that is, the minimum predicted risk probabilities to justify ...

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Knowing the structure and properties of the transporter molecule may be the key to changing the way that some chemotherapies, for example, could work in the body to prevent tumor growth, said senior author Seok-Yong Lee, PhD, assistant professor of biochemistry at Duke.. The article was published in Nature online on March 11.. The transporter molecule, called a concentrative nucleoside transporter, works by moving nucleosides, the building blocks of DNA and RNA, from the outside to the inside of cells. It also transports nucleoside-like chemo drugs through cell membranes.. Once inside the cells, the nucleoside-like drugs are modified into nucleotides that are incorporated into DNA in ways that prevent tumor cells from dividing and functioning.. We discovered the structure of the transporter molecule, and now we believe it is possible to improve nucleoside drugs to be better recognized by a particular form of the transporter molecule that resides in certain types of tissue, Lee said. Now we ...

Atlassian Sourcetree is a free Git and Mercurial client for Windows. Atlassian Sourcetree is a free Git and Mercurial client for Mac. ...

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SmartGit is a graphical version-control client for Git, Mercurial, and Subversion. It is designed to wrap Gits and Merc…