Chlorophenols are a group of chemicals in which chlorines (between one and five) have been added to phenol.� Phenol is an aromatic compound derived from benzene, the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, by adding a hydroxy group to a carbon� to replace a hydrogen.� There are five basic types of chlorophenols:� mono[one]chlorophenols, di[two]chlorophenols, tri[three]chlorophenols, tetra[four]chlorophenols, and penta[five]chlorophenols.� In all, there are 19 different chlorophenols.� Eight are discussed in this document:� 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol.� Pentachlorophenol is discussed in another document.

VIANA, Ana Maria and MANTELL, Sinclair Hugh. Comparative uptake and metabolism of 2-[14C]-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in callus cultures of monocot (Dioscorea spp.) and dicot (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants. Rev. bras. Bot. [online]. 1998, vol.21, n.1, pp.89-99. ISSN 0100-8404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84041998000100009.. (Comparative uptake and metabolism of 2-[14C]-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in callus cultures of monocot (Dioscorea spp.) and dicot (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants). The uptake and metabolism of 2-[14C]-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were investigated in leaf calluses of Nicotiana tabacum, tuber calluses of Dioscorea opposita and calluses derived from zygotic embryos, leaves and petioles of Dioscorea composita. Striking similarities were evident in the patterns of 2,4-D metabolites and their chemical characteristics in the three callus types of D. composita compared, but significant differences were detected among the patterns of rnetabolites in the three ...

Vietnam and Agent Orange Facts. Demand for military Agent Orange resulted in higher levels of dioxin contamination than in the 2,4,5-T produced for civilian applications in the U.S. As noted in the above chart.. The U.S. Air Force military operation Ranch Hand began spraying Agent Orange on areas of South Vietnam in August 1965 (though it was used prior to this date).. The US Air Force Herb Tapes accounted for just over 8 million gallons of the herbicides used in South Vietnam.. 18 million gallons of Agent Orange were reported to have been used in South Vietnam.. Agent Orange caused Vietnamese farmers to lose about 70% of their crops. (One of the goals for using herbicides was to deprive the enemy of food).. 6,250+ square miles of South Vietnam can not be farmed because of defoliation. This is still true more than 30 years later.. A C-123 (Provider) could dump 11,000 lbs. of Agent Orange over 300 acres in four minutes.. Brief History of Agent Orange. In the early years of WWII, a grant was ...

The Burkholderia cepacia complex consists of nine closely related species: Burkholderia cepacia genomovars I and VI, Burkholderia multivorans (genomovar II), Burkholderia cenocepacia (genomovar III), Burkholderia stabilis (genomovar IV), Burkholderia vietnamiensis (genomovar V), Burkholderia ambifaria (genomovar VII), Burkholderia anthina (genomovar VIII), and Burkholderia pyrrocinia (genomovar IX) (2, 9, 10). Despite the advances that have been made in the understanding of the taxonomy and epidemiology of this group, infections of the respiratory tract with B. cepacia complex organisms still have a considerable impact on morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients (4, 5, 6). B. cepacia complex strains have also attracted attention as possible biocontrol and bioremediation agents that could be used as antagonists of soil-borne plant pathogens, as plant growth-promoting agents, and for the bioremediation of various recalcitrant xenobiotics (3, 8). To aid in identification, ...

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a toxic contaminant frequently formed during the synthesis of the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, was shown to be a potent inducer of hepatic δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in the chick embryo. As little as 4.66 x 10-12 mole of the contaminant per egg produces a significant increase in the activity of the enzyme. Induction of the enzyme is related to the dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and, in contrast to that produced with other drugs, is prolonged in time, with 70 percent of the maximum induced activity present 5 days after a single dose. This contaminant is implicated as the likely causative agent in an outbreak of porphyria cutanea tarda in workers in a factory where 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid was being synthesized. ...

This study aimed firstly to establish the distribution and copy number within the Burkholderia cepacia complex of three insertion sequences (IS402, IS407 and IS1416) that possess the ability to activate transcription and hence influence gene expression. A second aim was to map the genomic insertion sites of one of the active insertion sequences (IS407) to establish putative links between insertion site and downstream gene activation. The resulting data revealed that all three insertion sequences were present in one-third of the 66 isolates tested. The three insertion sequences were prevalent across the nine B. cepacia complex species, although IS402 was absent from the 16 Burkholderia anthina strains tested and IS407 was absent from all 10 Burkholderia pyrrocinia strains. IS407 copies from six strains (two Burkholderia cenocepacia strains and one strain each of Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia stabilis, Burkholderia vietnamiensis and B. anthina) were mapped to the genome using hemi-nested inverse

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HCDD) is formed as a byproduct during the manufacture of certain chlorophenols and has been found in trichlorophenol, tetrachlorophenol, pentachlorophenol and in the chlorophenol-derived herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). From 1967 to 1970, the concentration of HCDD in commercial pentachlorophenol ranged from 0.03 to 38 ppm. Since then, HCDD levels in pentachlorophenol have been reduced to less than 1 ppm.. A bioassay of a mixture of 1,2,3,6,7,8-and 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (HCDD) for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by dermal application of a suspension of this substance to Swiss-Webster mice.. HCDD (0.01 µg) suspended in 0.1 ml acetone was applied to the backs of 30 mice of each sex 3 days per week for 104 weeks. During the first 16 weeks, doses were 0.005 µg HCDD per application. An additional 30 mice of each sex were pretreated with one application of 50 µg DMBA in 0.1 ml ...

for Prostate Cancer December 7 2011 Vietnam Veterans of America to Hold Agent Orange Town Hall November 5th at Penn State Beaver Campus November 4 2011 Vietnam Veterans of America Joins Over 200 Organizations in Urging Congress to Reject Changes to Medicare Part D Program November 3 2011 Vietnam Veterans of America Board of Directors Approves VetProWeb for VVA s Service Officer Program August 29 2011 Fred Elliott to Serve As National Vice President of Vietnam Veterans of America August 23 2011 Dr Wayne Reynolds to Serve As National Treasurer of Vietnam Veterans of America August 23 2011 John Rowan to Serve Fourth Term As National President of Vietnam Veterans of America August 22 2011 VVA Praises Historic Settlement For Veterans Discharged with PTSD August 3 2011 Philanthropist Kenneth Fisher to Receive Award at the Vietnam Veterans of America 15th National Convention August 10 2011 Union Leader Cecil Roberts to Receive Award at the Vietnam Veterans of America 15th National Convention August 8 ...

Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria are opportunistic pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections in susceptible patients, mainly people with cystic fibrosis. There is convincing evidence that B. cepacia complex bacteria can form biofilms, not only on abiotic surfaces (e.g., glass and plastics), but also on biotic surfaces such as epithelial cells, leading to the suggestion that biofilm formation plays a key role in persistent infection of cystic fibrosis lungs. This article presents an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in B. cepacia complex biofilm formation, the increased resistance of sessile B. cepacia complex cells and the role of quorum sensing in B. cepacia complex biofilm formation.

Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus ATCC ® 700700D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus strain A6 TypeStrain=True Application:

Looking for online definition of Pseudomonas acidovorans in the Medical Dictionary? Pseudomonas acidovorans explanation free. What is Pseudomonas acidovorans? Meaning of Pseudomonas acidovorans medical term. What does Pseudomonas acidovorans mean?

Pseudomonas cichorii is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that is pathogenic to plants. It has a wide host range, and can have an important economical impact on lettuce, celery and chrysanthemum crops. P. cichorii was first isolated on endives (Cichorium endivia), from which it derives its name. It produces 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. cichorii has been placed in the P. syringae group. Pseudomonas cichorii is non-host specific as it does not infect just one host. Its host range includes lettuce, pepper, celery, coffee, wheat, basil and several other host plants. Symptoms of the causal agent vary depending on the host and the area of the plant infected. In general, pseudomonas cichorii is seen to cause leaf blighting and spotting. The first appearance of symptoms involves a water soaked lesion that develops at the edge of the leaf, midvein or randomly across the leaf These lesions progressively turn black or brown and may be surrounded by yellow halos. These lesions also ...

Burkholderia cepacia has emerged during the past 2 decades as an important opportunistic pathogen in persons with cystic fibrosis (CF) (11). Although B. cepacia was previously regarded as a single species, recent taxonomic studies have identified at least nine closely related species in what is now referred to as the B. cepacia complex (Bcc). This group includes B. cepacia, Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia stabilis, Burkholderia vietnamiensis, Burkholderia dolosa, Burkholderia ambifaria, Burkholderia anthina, and Burkholderia pyrrocinia (4-6, 25, 28-32). Although each of these species has been recovered from respiratory secretions of persons with CF, B. multivorans and B. cenocepacia account for the great majority of isolates (12, 24). Mounting evidence also suggests that B. cenocepacia is somewhat more pathogenic in CF than are the remaining species (1, 8).. A feature that distinguishes Bcc from other pathogens in CF is the occurrence in a significant proportion ...

An efficient in vitro protocol has been established for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet conversion of Korean wild ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer). Wild-type and mutant adventitious roots derived from the ginseng produced calluses on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.3 mg/L kinetin; 53.3% of the explants formed callus. Embryogenic callus proliferation and somatic embryo induction occurred on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The induced somatic embryos further developed to maturity on MS medium with 5 mg/L gibberellic acid, and 85% of them germinated. The germinated embryos were developed to shoots and elongated on MS medium with 5 mg/L gibberellic acid. The shoots developed into plants with well-developed taproots on one-third strength Schenk and Hildebrandt basal medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. When the plants were transferred to soil, about 30% of the regenerated plants ...

A Vietnam veteran in Michigan who has trouble walking because of his exposure to Agent Orange broke down in tears Friday when he was presented with an all-terrain wheelchair that will allow him to hunt and fish, two of his favorite hobbies. ...

Pseudomonas chlororaphis is a bacterium used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture. It can act as a biocontrol agent against certain fungal plant pathogens via production of phenazine-type antibiotics. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, similar species have been placed in its group. P. chlororaphis lends its name to a subgroup within the genus Pseudomonas. The other members of the P. chlororaphis subgroup are P. aurantiaca, P. aureofaciens, P. fragi, P. lundensis, and P. taetrolens. Chin-A-Woeng TF, et al. (2000). "Root colonization by phenazine-1-carboxamide-producing bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 is essential for biocontrol of tomato foot and root rot". Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 13 (12): 1340-5. doi:10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.12.1340. PMID 11106026. Anzai; Kim, H; Park, JY; Wakabayashi, H; Oyaizu, H; et al. (Jul 2000). "Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 50 (4): 1563-89. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-4-1563. PMID ...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease characterized by chronic respiratory infections and inflammation causing permanent lung damage. Recurrent infections are caused by Gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and the emerging pathogen genus Pandoraea. In this study, the interactions between co-colonizing CF pathogens were investigated. Both Pandoraea and Bcc elicited potent pro-inflammatory responses that were significantly greater than Ps. aeruginosa. The original aim was to examine whether combinations of pro-inflammatory pathogens would further exacerbate inflammation. In contrast, when these pathogens were colonized in the presence of Ps. aeruginosa the pro-inflammatory response was significantly decreased. Real-time PCR quantification of bacterial DNA from mixed cultures indicated that Ps. aeruginosa significantly inhibited the growth of Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Pandoraea

This three-day symposium was organized by the US EPA, the USAF AL/EQ, Tyndall AFB FL, and the US AFCEE Technology Transfer Division, Brooks AFB TX. Natural attenuation, the biodegradation or chemical destruction or stabilization of contaminants, can reduce contaminants to levels protective of human health and ecosystems. The symposium was intended to increase understanding of the natural attenuation process and to review methods for screening sites and making decisions to determine the feasibility of natural attenuation at chlorinated solvent-contaminated sites. The symposium obtained feedback from the regulatory and industrial communities on the appropriate application of natural attenuation and the developing protocol for natural attenuation of chlorinated organics. The symposium featured invited platform presentations covering both laboratory studies and field demonstrations conducted in support of natural attenuation at government and industry sites. The theory and principles of methods for

TY - JOUR. T1 - Draft genome sequences of the alga-degrading bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila strain AD9 and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain AD6. AU - Lenneman, Eric M.. AU - Barney, Brett M.. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2014 Lenneman and Barney. Copyright: Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Aeromonas hydrophila AD9 and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes AD6 have been linked to algal cell degradation. Here we report the draft genomes of A. hydrophila AD9 and P. pseudoalcaligenes AD6 for the investigation of causative agents for algal cell degradation.. AB - Aeromonas hydrophila AD9 and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes AD6 have been linked to algal cell degradation. Here we report the draft genomes of A. hydrophila AD9 and P. pseudoalcaligenes AD6 for the investigation of causative agents for algal cell degradation.. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85003671312&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - ...

The performance of a fluidized bed reactor using immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from aqueous solution was investigated. The contribution of lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) secreted by Phanerochaete chrysosporium to the 2,4-DCP degradation was examined. Results showed that Lip and Mnp were not essential to 2,4-DCP degradation while their presence enhanced the degradation process and reaction rate. In sequential batch experiment, the bioactivity of immobilized cells was recovered and improved during the culture and the maximum degradation rate constant of 13.95 mg (Ld)−1 could be reached. In continuous bioreactor test, the kinetic behavior of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized on loofa sponge was found to follow the Monod equation. The maximum reaction rate was 7.002 mg (Lh)−1, and the saturation constant was 26.045 mg L−1. ...

Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC ® 24725™ Designation: VKM F-1767 [CBS 481.73, CCRC 36200, IMI 174727, NRRL 6361, QM 9998] Application: Bacterial resistance testing adhesives Degrades 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene DDE Degrades 2,4,5-trichlorophenol Degrades 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-T Degrades 2,4,6-trichlorophenol Degrades 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene TNT Degrades 3,4-dichloroaniline Degrades Congo red Congo Red Degrades DDT Degrades acid yellow 9 Degrades aldrin Degrades amaranth Degrades atrazine Degrades azo dyes Degrades azure B Azure B Degrades benzene Degrades benzo(a)pyrene Degrades biphenyl Degrades chlordane Degrades creosote Degrades cyclonite RDX, cyclotrimethylene trinitramine Degrades dieldrin Degrades ethylbenzene Degrades fluorene Degrades heptachlor Degrades humic acid Degrades lignin Degrades lindane Degrades mirex Degrades o-chlorophenol Degrades olive-mill wastewater Degrades orange G Orange G Degrades orange II Orange II Degrades pentachlorophenol

There's an air of torment about Cong Nguyen. The 16-year-old is among four siblings, two of whom suffer the same regular attacks of heat that mean they can never stray far from a water tank. To make matters worse, he has never been able to grow teeth or a full crop of hair; instead, clusters of wispy, thin strands sit above sunken eyes. "Some kids avoid me and laugh at me," he says from the home he shares with his brothers and parents in Bien Hoa, just outside Ho Chi Minh City ...

Addresses a Global Challenge to Sustainable Development. Advances in Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Industrial Waste examines and compiles the latest information on the industrial waste biodegradation process and provides a comprehensive review. Dedicated to reducing pollutants generated by agriculturally contaminated soil, and plastic waste from various industries, this text is a book that begs the question: Is a pollution-free environment possible? The book combines with current available data with the expert knowledge of specialists from around the world to evaluate various aspects of environmental microbiology and biotechnology. It emphasizes the role of different bioreactors for the treatment of complex industrial waste and provides specific chapters on bioreactors and membrane process integrated with biodegradation process. It also places special emphasis on phytoremediation and the role of wetland plant rhizosphere bacterial ecology and the bioremediation of complex industrial ...

Research Corridor has published a new research study titled "Copper Azole Wood Preservatives Market - Growth, Share, Opportunities, Competitive Analysis and Forecast, 2017 - 2025". The Copper Azole Wood Preservatives market report studies current as well as future aspects of the Copper Azole Wood Preservatives Market based upon factors such as market dynamics, key ongoing trends and segmentation analysis. Apart from the above elements, the Copper Azole Wood Preservatives Market research report provides a 360-degree view of the Copper Azole Wood Preservatives industry with geographic segmentation, statistical forecast and the competitive landscape.. Browse the complete report at http://www.researchcorridor.com/copper-azole-wood-preservatives-market/. Geographically, the Copper Azole Wood Preservatives Market report comprises dedicated sections centering on the regional market revenue and trends. The Copper Azole Wood Preservatives market has been segmented on the basis of geographic regions into ...

Cometabolic biodegradation processes are potentially useful for the bioremediation of hazardous waste sites. In this study the potential application of phenol-oxidizing and nitrifying bacteria as "priming biocatalysts" was examined in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aryl ethers, and aromatic ethers. We observed that a phenol-oxidizing Pseudomonas strain cometabolically degrades a range of 2- and 3-ringed PAHs. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to overcome the competitive effects between two substrates and the SBR was evaluated as a alternative technology to treat mixed contaminants including phenol and PAHs. We also have demonstrated that the nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea can cometabolically degrade a wide range polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aryl ethers and aromatic ethers including naphthalene, acenaphthene, diphenyl ether, dibenzofuran, dibenzo-p-dioxin, and anisole. Our results indicated that all the compounds are transformed by N. ...

View more ,Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. Many aspects of the disease caused by P. syringae pv. actinidiae, such as the pathogenicity-relevant formation of a biofilm composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), are still unknown. Here, a highly virulent strain of P. syringae pv. actinidiae, NZ V-13, was studied with respect to biofilm formation and architecture using a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The biofilm formed by P. syringae pv. actinidiae NZ V-13 was heterogeneous, consisting of a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick and microcolonies with irregular structures. The major component of the EPSs produced by P. syringae pv. actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria was isolated and identified to be an exopolysaccharide. Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of ...

Biodegradation is one of the most effective and profitable methods for the elimination of toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from the environment. In this study, aerobic degradation of the mentioned pollutants by bacterial strains Mycolicibacterium frederiksbergense IN53, Rhodococcus erythropolis IN129, and Rhodococcus sp. IN306 and mixed culture M1 developed based on those strains at 1:1:1 ratio was analyzed. The effectiveness of individual strains and of the mixed culture was assessed based on carried out respirometric tests and chromatographic analyses. The Rhodococcus sp. IN306 turned out most effective in terms of 18 PCB congeners biodegradation (54.4%). The biodegradation index was decreasing with an increasing number of chlorine atoms in a molecule. Instead, the Mycolicobacterium frederiksbergense IN53 was the best TPH degrader (37.2%). In a sterile soil, contaminated with PCBs and TPH, the highest biodegradation effectiveness was obtained using

Members of the Acidovorax genus are frequently encountered in association with PAH degradation, notably that of phenanthrene, but prior to this work little was known of the underlying genetic determinants behind the phenotype. The particular Acidovorax strain used in this study has genes very similar in sequence and arrangement to those in Alcaligenes faecalis AFK2, and the initial dioxygenase sequence is also highly similar to those in several Burkholderia strains, although not to that of Burkholderia sp. strain RP007. These observations suggest that this particular genotype may be widespread among some PAH-degrading members of the order Burkholderiales.. Unfortunately for comparative purposes, while the genes determined in this study bear significant resemblance to the Alcaligenes faecalis AFK2 sequences deposited in GenBank, there does not appear to be a publication associated with the entry (GenBank accession number AB024945). However, other previously published research on AFK2 revealed the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Aerobic degradation of mixtures of tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, dichloroethylenes, and vinyl chloride by toluene-o-xylene monooxygenase of Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1. AU - Shim, H.. AU - Ryoo, D.. AU - Barbieri, P.. AU - Wood, T. K.. N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements This study was supported by the E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Educational Aid Program and the National Science Foundation (BES-9807146).. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - A recombinant strain of Escherichia coli (JM109/pBZ1260) expressing constitutively toluene-o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) of Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1 degraded binary mixtures (100 μM each) of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) with either trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (trans-DCE), or vinyl chloride (VC). PCE degradation was 8-20% for these binary mixtures, while TCE and trans-DCE with PCE were degraded at 19%, 1,1-DCE at 37%, cis-DCE at 97%, and VC at ...

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Acute poisoning with chlorophenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-D and MCPA is reported world wide, potentially causing severe toxicity and death. Since there is no antidote for chlorophenoxy herbicides, treatments such as urinary alkalinisation have been used to increase the clearance of these poisons from the body. Although urinary alkalinisation was first trialled over 30 years ago, it is not currently used routinely for the treatment of patients with acute chlorophenoxy poisoning. This review looked for studies where this treatment had been given to poisoned patients. No studies of sufficient quality were identified and therefore routine use of this approach to treatment cannot be recommended. However, due to the poor outcomes in patients who present with severe toxicity it may have a role in addition to standard intensive care support. More research should be conducted.. ...

The bacterium Burkholderia ubonensis is commonly co-isolated from environmental specimens harbouring the melioidosis pathogen, Burkholderia pseudomallei. B. ubonensis has been reported in northern Australia and Thailand but not North America, suggesting similar geographic distribution to B. pseudomallei. Unlike most other Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) species, B. ubonensis is considered non-pathogenic, although its virulence potential has not been tested. Antibiotic resistance in B. ubonensis, particularly towards drugs used to treat the most severe B. pseudomallei infections, has also been poorly characterised. This study examined the population biology of B. ubonensis, and includes the first reported isolates from the Caribbean. Phylogenomic analysis of 264 B. ubonensis genomes identified distinct clades that corresponded with geographic origin, similar to B. pseudomallei. A small proportion (4%) of strains lacked the 920kb chromosome III replicon, with discordance of presence/absence amongst

Biological degradation of phenol by Alcaligenes faecalis with high biodegradation activity and high tolerance was investigated at 25C. Phenol could be utilized by the bacteria as the sole carbon and energy sources. The cell growth and substrate degradation of phenol as single substrates for Alcaligenes faecalis in batch cultures (shaking flasks) were investigated at different initial phenol concentrations. Phenol was observed to be an inhibitory compound. Particularly, when free cells grew on a high concentration of phenol, substrate inhibition was observed and the higher the concentration of phenol, the longer was the lag period. The lag time and whole required time for phenol biodegradation was considerably decreased by immobilized cells due to improvement of cells resistance against high Phenol concentration by cell immobilization compared to free cells. Required time for completely degrade initial phenol of 700 and 1000 ppm by free and immobilized cells is 56, 101 and 35, 72 hours ...

In situ bioremediation of pentachlorophenol-contaminated ground water in a sequential anaerobic-aerobic down borehole permeable barrier reactor requires a non-toxic primary substrate for dichlorophenol cometabolism. Serum bottle tests comparing the effectiveness of eight primary substrates for aerobic dichlorophenol degradation showed phenol to be the most effective followed by imitation vanilla flavoring, guaiacol, sodium benzoate, molasses, acetic acid, propylene glycol and ethyl vanillin in propylene glycol. As phenol is a pollutant, imitation vanilla flavoring is the recommended primary substrate for field use. In a second bottle test, 3,4,5-trichlorophenol was not sufficiently biotransformed, emphasizing the need for biotransformation to occur in the anaerobic zone of the reactor ...

Two Burkholderia strains 8111 and 8201 were isolated from root nodules of Dalbergia odorifera, an endemic woody legume in southern China. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S gene intergenic spacer (ITS) showed that these two bacterial strains were closely related to Burkholderia cepacia and they were also similar in carbon source utilization using Biolog GN2 plate tests. The DNA G+C content of strains 8111 and 8201 were 65.8 and 65.5 mol%. Inoculation tests demonstrated that both strains 8111 and 8201 formed functional root nodules in their original host D. odorifera, and significantly enhanced plant growth (as measured by plant biomass and nitrogen content), compared to the no-inoculated control plants. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene in nodules of D. odorifera seedlings inoculated with strains 8111 and 8201 confirmed their identity. However, these two strains did not induce root nodulation in Acacia auriculiformis and Erythrophleum fordii. This implies that the nodulation capacity between

The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund (VVMF) will honor veterans and active-duty military personnel with the Christmas Tree Ceremony at The Wall, taking place at 10 a.m. on Monday, Dec. 20 ...

This paper reports the isolation of phenoloxidase-negative mutants of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the results of a survey of idiophasic functions among these mutants. The mutant strains were isolated from a medium containing o-anisidine after gamma irradiation of wild-type spores and fell into four classes, divided by the manner in which they mineralized 14C-lignin wheat lignocellulose. Examples are strain LMT7, which degraded lignin at a rate similar to that of the wild type; strain LMT26, in which degradation was enhanced; strain LMT16, whose degradation rate was apparently unaffected, although the onset of lignin attack was delayed compared with that in the wild type; and strain LMT24, which was unable to evolve significant amounts of 14CO2 from the radiolabeled substrate. The mutants were not necessarily defective in other functions associated with idiophasic activities (intracellular cyclic AMP levels, sporulation, extracellular glucan production, veratryl alcohol ...

Although anaerobic biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalic acid ester (DBP) has been studied over the past decade, only little is known about the microorganisms involved in the biological anaerobic degradation pathways. The aim of this work is to characterize the microbial community dynamics in enrichment cultures degrading phthalic acid esters under methanogenic conditions. A selection pressure was applied by adding DBP at 10 and 200 mg L-1 in semi-continuous anaerobic reactors. The microbial dynamics were monitored using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). While only limited abiotic losses were observed in the sterile controls (20-22%), substantial DBP biodegradation was found in the enrichment cultures (90-99%). In addition, significant population changes were observed. The dominant bacterial species in the DBP-degrading cultures was affiliated to Soehngenia saccharolytica, a microorganism described previously as an anaerobic benzaldehyde degrader. Within the archaeal community, there was a

PGR Cloprop Sodium 2-(3-chlorophenoxy)propanoate 53404-22-1 98% - Tocopharm Products Made In China, China Manufacturer. Sodium 2-(3-chlorophenoxy)propanoate Product Name: Sodium 2-(3-chlorophenoxy)propanoate Cas No: 53404-22-1 Synonyms: Sodium 2-(3-chlorophenoxy)propanoate;2-(META-CHLOROPHENOXY)PROPIONICACID,SODIUMSALT;2-(3-Chlorophenoxy)propionic acid sodium salt;PROPANOIC ACID,

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that causes build-up of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs, pancreas and other organs. As most patients with CF experience pancreatic insufficiency and some patients have CF-related liver disease, constipation, failure to thrive, abdominal pain, and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, they require multidisciplinary care.. To help these patients acheive the best possible outcomes, Mary Abigail Garcia, M.D., (gastroenterologist) and the CF pulmonary care team developed the Cystic Fibrosis/Gastroenterology Clinic, which combines the care provided by the Cystic Fibrosis Center and our Gastroenterology division. The Cystic Fibrosis Center is a CF Foundation-accredited center, which sees children from southern California, Arizona and Mexico.. Along with gastroenterology and CF pulmonary specialists, the Cystic Fibrosis/Gastroenterology Clinic includes nutrition, social work and nursing.. The clinic is held every 3rd Thursday morning of the month. For more ...

Read chapter Appendix D: Biographies of Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Eighth Biennial Update) and ...

Addiction and alcoholism among Vietnam veterans has traditionally been very high since the conflict ended in 1975. War is extremely traumatic and often causes soldiers to develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD - a condition that frequently co-occurs with addiction or alcoholism. But while any war can cause a soldier or sailor to turn to drugs or alcohol in order to self-medicate their pain and stress, Vietnam veterans were subject to a hostile return when the war was over. Instead of being treated like heroes as their fathers were after World War II, Vietnam veterans were shunned, ridiculed and expelled from their customary peer groups. Additionally, these veterans found it difficult to reintegrate into a workforce that largely had no use for their military skills. Consequently, many of America's most courageous veterans became disillusioned addicts and alcoholics with few opportunities to better their lives.. PTSD is widely considered the most common cause of addiction or alcoholism ...

LEROY W KATTERHENRY JR is honored on Panel 44E, Row 60 of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC. LEROY W KATTERHENRY JR is from COLUMBUS, OH and served as a SGT in the ARMY.

As required by law, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hereby gives notice that the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, under the authority of the Agent Orange Act of 1991, Public Law 102-4 (codified in relevant part at 38 U.S.C. 1116), has determined that a presumption of service connection is not warranted based on exposure to herbicides used in the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam Era for any of the diseases, illnesses, or health effects identified in the July 24, 2009, National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report entitled ``Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2008'' (Update 2008), except for hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and other chronic b-cell leukemias, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic heart disease. In this regard, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs determined, based upon the NAS report, that there is a positive association between exposure to herbicides and the subsequent development of HCL and other chronic b-cell leukemias, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic heart disease. The Secretary ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - OXA-46, a new class D β-lactamase of narrow substrate specificity encoded by a blaVIM-1-containing integron from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate. AU - Giuliani, Francesco. AU - Docquier, Jean Denis. AU - Riccio, Maria Letizia. AU - Pagani, Laura. AU - Rossolini, Gian Maria. PY - 2005/5. Y1 - 2005/5. N2 - A novel OXA-type enzyme, named OXA-46, was found to be encoded by a gene cassette inserted into a class 1 integron from a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate. The variable region of the integron also contained a blaVIM-1 metallo-β-lactamase cassette and a duplicated aacA4 aminoglycoside acetyltransferase cassette. OXA-46 belongs to the OXA-2 lineage of class D β-lactamases. It exhibits 78% sequence identity with OXA-2 and the highest similarity (around 92% identity) with another OXA-type enzyme detected in clinical isolates of Burkholderia cepacia and in unidentified bacteria from a wastewater plant. Expression of blaOXA-46 in Escherichia coli ...

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TY - BOOK. T1 - Enhanced reductive dechlorination in clay till contaminated with chlorinated solvents. AU - Damgaard,Ida. A2 - Broholm,Mette Martina. A2 - Bjerg,Poul Løgstrup. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - Chlorinated solvents are among the most frequently found contaminants in groundwater. In fractured media, chlorinated ethenes and ethanes are transported downwards through preferential pathways with subsequent diffusion into the sediment matrix. Due to slow back diffusion it can serve as a long term secondary source that can leach to the underlying aquifer. As some of the chlorinated solvents and their degradation products are toxic and carcinogenic, remediation technologies applicable in low permeability settings are needed. Enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) has been proven efficient in high permeability aquifers and has also been applied at a number of low permeability clay till sites. This thesis presents the results of an investigation of chlorinated ethenes (and ethanes) degradation ...

Chloracne normally results from direct skin contact with chloracnegens, although ingestion and inhalation are also possible causative routes. Chloracnegens are fat-soluble, meaning they persist in the body fat for a very long period following exposure. Chloracne is a chronic inflammatory condition that results from this persistence, in combination with the toxin's chemical properties. It is believed, at least from rodent models, that the toxin activates a series of receptors promoting macrophage proliferation, inducing neutrophilia and leading to a generalised inflammatory response in the skin. This process may also be augmented by induction of excess tumor necrosis factor in the blood serum. The inflammatory processes lead to the formation of keratinous plugs in skin pores, forming yellowish cysts and dark pustules. The associated pus is usually a color of green approximating that of a tennis ball. The skin lesions occur mainly in the face, but in more severe cases they involve the shoulders ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Burkholderia pseudomallei Antibodies in Individuals Living in Endemic Regions in Northeastern Brazil. AU - Rolim, D.B.. AU - Vilar, D.C.F.L.. AU - De Goes Cavalcanti, L.P.. AU - Freitas, C.L.B.N.. AU - Inglis, Tim. AU - Nobre Rodrigues, J.L.N.. AU - Nagao-Dias, A.T.. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - A seroepidemiological investigation was conducted among the population of two municipalities in Northeastern Brazil. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to Burkholderia pseudomallei were positive in 51.27% (161 in 317 samples) and 58.49% (186), respectively. IgM titers were higher in children than in adults. On the contrary, IgG increased progressively with age. We observed a significant association between agricultural occupation and raised IgM titers (P ,0.005) and IgG titers (P ,0.001), and between construction workers and raised IgG titers (P = 0.005). Antibody IgG avidities did not correlate with age. The highest titers of antibodies (1/800) showed the highest antibody avidity ...