Semantic Scholar extracted view of Chemical method for the determination of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids in urine following hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase. by Elizabeth M. Glenn et al.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Circadian urinary glucocorticoid and rhythmic blood pressure coordination. AU - Halhuber, M. J.. AU - Cornelissen-Guillaume, Germaine G. AU - Bartter, F. C.. AU - Delea, C. S.. AU - Kreze, A.. AU - Mikulecky, M.. AU - Müller-Bohn, T.. AU - Siegelová, J.. AU - Dušek, J.. AU - Schwartzkopff, O.. AU - Halberg, F.. PY - 2002/1/1. Y1 - 2002/1/1. N2 - Circadian variations in urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and blood pressure were examined in patients (n=42) with MESOR-hypotension, MESOR-normotension and MESOR-hypertension with no known endocrine disorder. Relations were sought between adrenocortical function and blood pressure. All data were evaluated using the Halberg cosinor analysis. In this study, in a separate group of patients (n=21), life expectancy was also examined as a function of the circadian blood pressure amplitude.. AB - Circadian variations in urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and blood pressure were examined in patients (n=42) with ...

Antinuclear Antibody Screen (ANA); Anti Strptolysin-O (ASO); Calcium (Ca); Chem 6 [Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN); Creatinine; Electrolytes [ Carbon Dioxide (CO2); Chloride (CL); Potassium (K); Sodium (Na) ]; Complete Blood Count [

Effect of altered acid-base balance, induced by the intravenous infusion of either hydrochloric acid or sodium bicarbonate, on adrenocortical function in anesthetized dogs was studied. The secretory activity of the adrenal cortex was determined by measuring 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in adrenal venous blood. Adrenocortical stimulation occurred in dogs with a profound decrease in arterial ph and bicarbonate concentration in the presence of a normal arterial CO2 tension (acid infusions) and in dogs with increased arterial CO2 tension and bicarbonate concentration in the presence of a normal arterial ph (bicarbonate infusions). It is concluded that concomitant alterations in both arterial ph and CO2 tension are not required to initiate an adrenocortical response, and it is suggested that a suitable change in either of these factors may act as a pituitary-adrenocortical stimulus.. ...

53-35-0 - GNFTWPCIRXSCQF-UJXAPRPESA-N - 6beta-Hydroxycortisol - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.

E. coli Source ß-Glucuronidases ß-Glucuronidase is a ~290 kDa tetrameric protein with an isoelectric point of 4.8.1 Unlike the enzyme preparations from mollusks that naturally contain ß-glucuronidase and sulfatase activities in almost equal amounts, the preparation of ß-glucuronidase from E. coli is essentially free of sulfatase activity. The enzyme from E. coli has a high rate of hydrolytic activity and it retains this activity during hydrolysis better than similar enzymes that are more sensitive to changes in the concentration of ß-glucuronide conjugates. The enzyme preparation from E. coli has been shown to be useful for determining the presence of androsterone, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, and estriol in urine.2 The E. coli enzyme has also been shown to be more active against estrogen conjugates than other sources of the enzyme.3 Optimal pH: 6-7 References1. Kim, D-H, et al., Biol. Pharm.

Since oxidative cellular damage contributes to the development of cancers, heart disease and ageing, the synthesis of antioxidative agents which are able to either prevent or mitigate oxidative stress to cells is an important area of investigation. Combinatorial chemistry has had a profound impact on the discovery and optimisation of potential lead compounds, especially in the medicinal field. This review details recent examples of combinatorial chemistry dealing with the synthesis of novel antioxidants with an emphasis on solid phase compound synthesis and parallel library synthesis.. Full text not available from this repository.. ...

The metyrapone test has been improved by specific measurement of plasma 11-deoxycortisol. This simplified method measures 11-deoxycortisol and cortisol in a sample of 0.1 ml of plasma after a standard dose of metyrapone. In normal patients, after metyrapone ingestion, plasma 11-deoxycortisol rises from a base line of 0.8 ± 0.8 µg/100 ml to 16.8 ± 4.4 µg/100 ml, and plasma cortisol falls from 13.5 ± 5.1 µg/100 ml to 3.3 ± 2.8 µg/100 ml. After metyrapone 11-deoxycortisol is reduced only in adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) deficiency. Patients with hypopituitarism or chronic corticoid therapy and 9 of 12 acromegalics had subnormal levels. Patients with the empty sella syndrome or trophic hormone deficiency other than ACTH had normal levels. In primary hypothyroidism postmetyrapone 11-deoxycortisol is significantly greater than in normals. This difference is thought to be caused by delayed metabolic clearance of the steroid. Simultaneous measurement of serum cortisol affords an internal ...

Looking for online definition of 11-deoxycortisol in the Medical Dictionary? 11-deoxycortisol explanation free. What is 11-deoxycortisol? Meaning of 11-deoxycortisol medical term. What does 11-deoxycortisol mean?

The adrenal glands, ovaries, testes, and placenta produce steroid hormones, which can be subdivided into 3 major groups: mineral corticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex steroids. Synthesis proceeds from cholesterol along 3 parallel pathways, corresponding to these 3 major groups of steroids, through successive side-chain cleavage and hydroxylation reactions. At various levels of each pathway, intermediate products can move into the respective adjacent pathways via additional, enzymatically catalyzed reactions (see Steroid Pathways in Special Instructions).. 21-Deoxycortisol is an intermediate steroid in the glucocorticoid pathway. While the main substrate flow in glucocorticoid synthesis proceeds from 17-hydroxyprogesterone via 21-hydroxylation to 11-deoxycortisol and then, ultimately, to cortisol, a small proportion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone is also hydroxylated at carbon number 11 by 11-beta-hydroxylase 1 (CYP11B1), yielding 21-deoxycortisol. This in turn can also serve as a substrate for ...

11-Deoxycortisol, also known as cortodoxone (INN) or cortexolone, as well as 17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone or 17α,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione,[1] is a glucocorticoid steroid hormone. It was first synthesized by Tadeusz Reichstein, and has also been referred to as Reichsteins Substance.[1] On April 5, 1952, biochemist Durey Peterson and microbiologist Herbert Murray at Upjohn published the first report of a breakthrough fermentation process for the microbial 11α-oxygenation of steroids (e.g. progesterone) in a single step by common molds of the order Mucorales.[2] 11α-oxygenation of Compound S produces 11α-hydrocortisone, which can be chemically oxidized to cortisone, or converted by further chemical steps to 11β-hydrocortisone (cortisol). 11-Deoxycortisol acts as a glucocorticoid, though is less potent than cortisol. It can be synthesized from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. In 11β-hydroxylase deficiency, 11-deoxycortisol levels increase dramatically, causing hypertension (as opposed to ...

A new drug formulation of the adrenal cortex (AC) inhibitor o,p′-DDD (chloditan) was developed as a solution for i.v. injection. Its effects on glucocorticoid hormone production by human AC tissue culture and AC function in dogs were studied. A concentration range of 0.005 - 5.0 mg/mL was established by adding 5% o,p′-DDD solution to the culture medium. Cultivation of specimens of human adrenocortical tissue in the presence of o,p′-DDD solution caused after 24 h a dose-dependent decrease of 11-hydroxycorticosteroid (11-HCS) content by 11.0 - 69.8%. The 11-HCS content in dog blood plasma decreased by an average of 3.5 times; the response to synthetic 1 - 24-corticotropin stimulation, by three times, with daily administration for 3 d of 10 mL of the solution. The 11-HCS blood level was still reduced two weeks after withdrawal of the drug. The proposed o,p′-DDD solution showed adrenocorticolytic activity and could be recommended for clinical trials.

The reference range of urinary 17-ketosteroids is as follows: Males: 10-20 mg (34-69 µmol)/24 h Females: 5-15 mg (17-52 µmol)/24 h

I have 5g of Formestane in NP Penetrate from about 1 1/2 years ago. I shake the bottle every week or two. The bottle has been kept in a cool dark

so i got the formestane, but am waiting on the penetrate. Just looking for an eta on it anybody has the time. Thanks in advance, and as always, NP i

Looking for online definition of 17-ketosteroids in the Medical Dictionary? 17-ketosteroids explanation free. What is 17-ketosteroids? Meaning of 17-ketosteroids medical term. What does 17-ketosteroids mean?

A sample of venous blood and a 24 hour urine collection may be collected for this test. Methods used collect a sample for this test vary. Depending on the method used, you may need a sample collected more than once, over multiple days, or at specific times. Ask the healthcare worker to explain the details of this test to you. Venous blood: When a blood sample from a vein is needed, a vein in your arm is usually selected. A tourniquet (large rubber strap) may be secured above the vein. The skin over the vein will be cleaned, and a needle will be inserted. You will be asked to hold very still while your blood is collected. Blood will be collected into one or more tubes, and the tourniquet will be removed. When enough blood has been collected, the healthcare worker will take the needle out. 24 hour urine collection: For a 24-hour urine collection, all of the urine that you pass over a 24-hour time period must be collected. If you are in the hospital, a healthcare worker will collect your urine. You ...

Anti-estrogen Steroids Powder Formestane Lentaron CAS 566-48-3 Quick Detail: Name: Formestane Other name: Lentaron; CAS: 566-48-3 MF: C19H26O3 MW: 302.41 Assay: 99% Appearance:White powder. Formestane Description: Formestane is currently one of the...

Free cortisol is useful in the detection of patients with Cushings syndrome for whom free cortisol concentrations are elevated.. ...

Hello! My 8yo son is home at least once/month for stomachaches. Most recently, it was about 2.5 weeks ago (he is home again today). The last time, he may ...

Objective: To discover the value of low-dose (LDAT) and standard-dose ACTH tests (SDAT) as compared with the metyrapone test in the diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency. Patients and Methods: LDAT (0.5 mug/m(2)), SDAT (250 mug/m2) and overnight metyrapone (30 mg/kg) tests were carried out in 29 patients with suspected adrenal insufficiency. LDAT and SDAT were also performed in 36 control subjects. Results: 18 of 29 patients were grouped in the adrenal-sufficient (AS) group and 11 of 29 patients in the adrenal-deficient (AD) group according to the metyrapone test results. The control group had significantly higher cortisol responses than the AS and AD groups during LDAT. The control group had similar cortisol responses to the AS group but higher cortisol responses than the AD group during SDAT. The AS group was divided into 2 subgroups: AS patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (AS-multiple) and AS patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiencies (AS-isolated). The ...

Natural antioxidants and plant-derived compounds provide a strong defense against cellular damage caused by free-radical induced oxidative stress [16, 17]. Free-radicals and various reactive oxygen species are produced during cellular metabolism in all living systems and are responsible for oxidative cellular damage in human beings. To reduce this damage, some sort of defense mechanism is needed, and indeed, several types of natural and artificial antioxidants are used to control oxidative stress. In particular, plant-derived compounds are a potent source of novel antioxidant activity [18]. Bibenzyl derivatives isolated from D. moniliforme were examined for their antioxidant capacity using DPPH free-radical scavenging assay [11, 13, 14], a popular tool because of its simplicity and high sensitivity. This assay works on the principle that any hydrogen donor is an antioxidant. Thus, a compounds antioxidant effect is proportional to the disappearance of DPPH radicals in test samples [19].. The ...

A better testing choice is the Metyrapone test.. Unlike ACTH which requires an injection, the metyrapone drug can be given PO orally. The metyrapone test is superior to the ACTH stimulation test because evaluates both hypothalamic and adrenal function. HCG stimulates testicular production of testosterone without impairing fertility, and is therefore a preferred treatment in the er age group. He was also given a small dosage of natural thyroida half grain tablet daily.. Additional treatment protocols were also given as outlined by Dr. Jim had hypothalamic damage from MDMA drug use which caused his low hormone levels and chronic fatigue. LH and FSH then travel to the testicle to stimulate testosterone LH and sperm production FSH.. Chronic recreational drug use with Ecstasy. For Part Three, Click Here Low Testosterone From Pain Pills by Jeffrey Dach MD Dr John Crisler on HCG for Symptoms of Low Testosterone Low Testosterone Diagnosis and Treatment by Jeffrey Dach MD More articles on Low ...

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Clinical Science.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

In vivo and in vitro effects of AVP and V1a receptor antagonist on Cushings syndrome due to ACTH-independent bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia.

The high intra-individual variability of the urinary cortisol ratio, compared with midazolam, makes this a suboptimal CYP3A phenotyping tool.

DelveInsights Cushings Syndrome Pipeline Insight report provides comprehensive insights about key companies and pipeline drugs in the Cushings Syndrome pipeline landscapes. It comprises Cushings Syndrome pipeline drug profiles, including clinical and non-clinical stage products. It also includes the Cushings Syndrome therapeutics assessment by product type, stage, route of administration, and molecule type and further highlights the inactive Cushings Syndrome pipeline products. Some of the key takeaways of the Cushings Syndrome Pipeline Report ...

Looking for online definition of 17-ketosteroids or what 17-ketosteroids stands for? 17-ketosteroids is listed in the Worlds largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms

Exacerbation of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction after unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with Cushings syndrome due to an adrenocortical adenoma

This video explains Cushings syndrome and how to differentiate between different types of Cushings syndrome and also how to treat Cushings syndrome ...

Cushings syndrome was first discovered by Harvey Cushing. In this situation, your body is damaged by an overload of cortisol. This can cause diabetes, high blood pressure and slow metabolism. - Cushings syndrome - Slow Metabolism - Low Carb at BellaOnline

Cushings Syndrome Definition - Cushings syndrome is a disorder that occurs when the body is exposed to abnormally high levels of the hormone...

Information about this survey and your consent to participate Patients with Cushings syndrome report decreased quality of life before and after surgical treatment. We are investigators at the U.S. National Institutes of Health who care for patients with Cushings syndrome. We want to learn more about the patients experience during the post-surgical recovery phase with…

Surgical stress is the systemic response to surgical injury and is characterized by activation of the sympathetic nervous system, endocrine responses as well as immunological and haematological changes. Measurement of surgical stress is used in anaesthesia, physiology and surgery. Analysis of the surgical stress response can be used for evaluation of surgical techniques and comparisons of different anaesthetic protocols. Moreover they can be performed both in the intraoperative or postoperative period. If there is a choice between different techniques for a surgical procedure, one method to evaluate and compare the surgical techniques is to subject one group of patients to one technique, and the other group of patients to another technique, after which the surgical stress responses triggered by the procedures are compared. The technique with the least surgical stress response is considered the best for the patient. Similarly, a group of patients can be subjected to a surgical procedure where one ...

Thirty-four patients with Cushings Syndrome: our clinical experience in the past 20 years/ Otuz dort Cushings Sendromu olgusu: 20 yillik klinik deneyimlerimiz.

As this eMedTV Web page explains, Cushings disease can cause symptoms like weight gain, fatigue, excessive hair growth, and hypertension. This article identifies several other possible signs and symptoms of this condition.

Cushings syndrome is considered to be a rare disorder that results from prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids. However, there are few epidemiological studies to provide adequate data to describe the incidence and prevalence of the condition accurately. Most cases are diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50, although any individual may be affected at any age.

Shares of Corcept Therapeutics Inc. soared 57 percent in extended trade Friday, after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Korlym as the first therapy to treat high blood sugar in adults suffering from a hormonal disorder called endogenous Cushings syndrome.

SILVER SPRING, Md., Feb. 17, 2012 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- FDA Approves Korlym for Patients With Endogenous Cushings Syndrome.

Children with Cushings syndrome are at risk of developing new autoimmune and related disorders after being cured of the disease, a new study shows. The study, Incidence of Autoimmune and Related Disorders After Resolution of Endogenous Cushing Syndrome in Children, was published in Hormone and Metabolic Research. Patients with Cushings syndrome have excess levels of the hormone cortisol, a corticosteroid that inhibits the effects of the immune system. As a result, these patients are protected from autoimmune and related diseases. But it is not known if the risk rises after their ...

D. Lynn Loriaux, M.D., Ph.D. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:1451-1459April 13, 2017DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1505550 More than a century ago, Harvey Cushing introduced the term

When it comes to traveling in a car with your dog, safety should be paramount for you both. However, a recent study from Volvo Car USA found some surprising statistics. ...

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...

Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.

Specifically, Barnaby has been studying the growth of kinetin-based nanostructures and the growth of selenium nanoparticles as biocompatible materials for drug delivery for prevention of oxidative cellular damage. She has been examining the potential of these materials as radical scavengers and investigating their efficiency as supports for enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, which plays a vital role in prevention of oxidative damage. These materials have been found to survive in live cell cultures of normal rat kidney cells, which is promising and she hopes that she will be soon be moving on to conduct in vivo studies. She has already presented at conferences such as the New York American Chemical Society undergraduate research symposium, the Columbia University undergraduate research symposium, the Fordham undergraduate research symposium, and ECSC, which involved undergraduate participants from colleges and universities all over the East Coast ...

Rank Status Study 1 Recruiting Study to Evaluate CORT125134 in Patients With Cushings Syndrome Condition: Cushings Syndrome Intervention: Drug: CORT125134 2 Recruiting Cushings Disease Complications Condition: Cushings Disease Intervention: Other: Exams and questionnaires 3 Recruiting The Accuracy of Late Night Urinary Free Cortisol/Creatinine and Hair Cortisol in Cushings Syndrome Diagnosis Condition: Cushing Syndrome Intervention: 4 Recruiting Treatment for Endogenous Cushings Syndrome Condition: Endogenous Cushings Syndrome Intervention: Drug: COR-003 5 Recruiting Saliva Cortisol Measurement as a Screening Test for Suspicious Cushings Syndrome in Children. Condition: Cushings Syndrome Intervention: Other: Children refered to the obesity clinic 6 Recruiting Safety and Efficacy of LCI699 for the Treatment of Patients With Cushings Disease Condition: Cushings Disease Intervention: Drug: LCI699 7 Recruiting Treatment of Cushings Disease With R-roscovitine Condition: Cushings Disease ...

To examine the production of steroids with potential oocyte maturation-inducing or pheromonal activity in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) we have incubated mature ovaries of this species with 17-[3H]hydroxyprogesterone. The metabolites in the unconjugated, glucuronide, and sulfate fractions were identified by chromatography, microchemical reaction, and, in most cases, crystallization to constant specific activity. A major metabolite, present in all three fractions, was tentatively identified as 5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta,7 alpha,17,20 beta-tetrol. Although 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-P) was found in only low yield (as a sulfate), the presence of the tetrol indicates that it is synthesized in high yield but very rapidly metabolized. The relative proportions of 17,20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 alpha-P), 11-deoxycortisol (17,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione) and 17,20 beta,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta,21-P) varied significantly between incubations and ...

This drug was approved for use in patients with endogenous Cushings syndrome who have type 2 diabetes or glucose intolerance and are not candidates for surgery or who have not responded to prior surgery. Korlym should never be used (contraindicated) by pregnant women.. Prior to FDAs approval of Korlym, there were no approved medical therapies for the treatment of endogenous Cushings syndrome.. Endogenous Cushings syndrome is a serious, debilitating and rare multisystem disorder. It is caused by the overproduction of cortisol (a steroid hormone that increases blood sugar levels) by the adrenal glands. This syndrome most commonly affects adults between the ages of 25 and 40. About 5,000 patients will be eligible for Korlym treatment, which received an orphan drug designation by the FDA in 2007.. Korlym blocks the binding of cortisol to its receptor. It does not decrease cortisol production but reduces the effects of excess cortisol, such as high blood sugar levels.. The safety and efficacy of ...

English - Chinese Bio-chemistry Dictionary. By: Joe Hing Kwok Chu. Back to Biochemistry Dictionary Main page. Adrenocortical Hormone, Page 1 Page 1 (index 11-deoxycortisol~18-hydroxycorticosterone). page 2 (3b-hydroxydehydrogenase~cardiac inhibiting factor). page 3 (circadian rhythms ~ dexamethasone). page 4 (metyrapone test ~ stress reaction). page 5 (tetrahydrocortisol ~ water test). Go to Next page ...

Cushings syndrome: | | | Cushings syndrome | | | | ... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled.

Cushings Syndrome Endrocrineinfo.com Cushing syndrome occurs when your body is exposed to elevated degrees of the hormone cortisol for quite a long time. The most usual cause of Cushing syndrome, occasionally called hypercortisolism, is the use of oral corticosteroid medication. The status may also happen when your body makes an excessive amount of cortisol. Too much cortisol can produce a […]. » Read more ...

DefinitionExogenous Cushing syndrome is a form of Cushing syndrome that occurs in people taking glucocorticoid (also called corticosteroid) hormones.

Too much cortisol in the body isnt just a sign of stress; it can also lead to Cushings syndrome (hypercortisolism). Learn about causes, symptoms and prevention.

Approximately 25,000 Americans are living with Cushings syndrome but our understanding of the disease is still severely lacking.

Cushings Syndrome report provide key market insights with Prevalent & Incident Cases by 7 MM-2013-2023 for United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, Italy and Japan

Coadministration of troglitazone reduces the plasma concentrations of terfenadine and ethinyl estradiol. Because these drugs are metabolized at least in part by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), it is possible that troglitazone induces CYP3A activity, thereby reducing plasma concentrations of these agents …

Sodium sulfate Na2SO4. Reactions with sodium sulfate Na2SO4. Obtaining sodium sulfate na2so4. Properties: sodium sulfate White. Thenardite, Glaubers salt or mirabilite (hydrated).

BAS4002S-02LRH Datasheet, BAS4002S-02LRH PDF. Datasheet search engine for Electronic Components and Semiconductors. BAS4002S-02LRH data sheet, alldatasheet, free, databook. BAS4002S-02LRH parts, chips, ic, specifications.

Cushing - MedHelps Cushing Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for Cushing. Find Cushing information, treatments for Cushing and Cushing symptoms.

Hello, I have a live Helix pomatia snails for sale. Price $ 4.50 for one snail. If you buy 10 or more - price would be $ 4 for each one. We proudly ship

Disclaimer: The information provided on HealthWorld Online is for educational purposes only and IS NOT intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek professional medical advice from your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition ...

200 gram pack of Sodium Sulfate. Other sizes available. If you dont see a size you want, contact us and we will try to accommodate.. ...

Introduce yourself and tell us about your dog, ask questions about and discuss diagnosis and treatment options for Canine Cushings here

Introduce yourself and tell us about your dog, ask questions about and discuss diagnosis and treatment options for Canine Cushings here

Just like that money from the UFOs, the IMF funds will only be a stop gap measure and will not address the fundamental problem of the inadequate economic structure - in simple terms, we spend way more than we earn. While we are benefiting from the IMF flows, it is necessary to continue the fundamental reform of our economic structure, as failure to do this will only see us in a more desperate situation at the end of the three to five-year period that we may get the IMF facility for. Unless we make a paradigm shift in our fundamental production and consumption relationships, we will face more suffering at the end of the IMF facility, and then the emotional ones amongst us will say, see, I told you the IMF was the wrong way to go, not fully understanding that it would have been our own actions (or inactions) that would continue to cause our suffering ...

Almost packed to go home. Taxi arrives in one and a half hours. Jess is getting her packing done. Justin packed overnight. I thought he was just going to stay up until we left, but he laid down a couple of hours ago. Wont be fun waking him up! ...