Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.
The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).
Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.
Techniques used for determining the values of photometric parameters of light resulting from LUMINESCENCE.
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.
A milky, product excreted from the latex canals of a variety of plant species that contain cauotchouc. Latex is composed of 25-35% caoutchouc, 60-75% water, 2% protein, 2% resin, 1.5% sugar & 1% ash. RUBBER is made by the removal of water from latex.(From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). Hevein proteins are responsible for LATEX HYPERSENSITIVITY. Latexes are used as inert vehicles to carry antibodies or antigens in LATEX FIXATION TESTS.
The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)
A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.
5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.
Polysaccharides consisting of mannose units.
A group of LEUKOTRIENES; (LTC4; LTD4; and LTE4) that is the major mediator of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION; HYPERSENSITIVITY; and other allergic reactions. Earlier studies described a "slow-reacting substance of ANAPHYLAXIS" released from lung by cobra venom or after anaphylactic shock. The relationship between SRS-A leukotrienes was established by UV which showed the presence of the conjugated triene. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A large increase in oxygen uptake by neutrophils and most types of tissue macrophages through activation of an NADPH-cytochrome b-dependent oxidase that reduces oxygen to a superoxide. Individuals with an inherited defect in which the oxidase that reduces oxygen to superoxide is decreased or absent (GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC) often die as a result of recurrent bacterial infections.
An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.
Mononuclear phagocytes derived from bone marrow precursors but resident in the peritoneum.
A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.
The larger fragment generated from the cleavage of COMPLEMENT C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. It is a constituent of the ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C3bBb), and COMPLEMENT C5 CONVERTASES in both the classical (C4b2a3b) and the alternative (C3bBb3b) pathway. C3b participates in IMMUNE ADHERENCE REACTION and enhances PHAGOCYTOSIS. It can be inactivated (iC3b) or cleaved by various proteases to yield fragments such as COMPLEMENT C3C; COMPLEMENT C3D; C3e; C3f; and C3g.
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.
Complement activation initiated by the interaction of microbial ANTIGENS with COMPLEMENT C3B. When COMPLEMENT FACTOR B binds to the membrane-bound C3b, COMPLEMENT FACTOR D cleaves it to form alternative C3 CONVERTASE (C3BBB) which, stabilized by COMPLEMENT FACTOR P, is able to cleave multiple COMPLEMENT C3 to form alternative C5 CONVERTASE (C3BBB3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.
A class of animal lectins that bind to carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner. They share a common carbohydrate-binding domain that is structurally distinct from other classes of lectins.
A subclass of lectins that are specific for CARBOHYDRATES that contain MANNOSE.
An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.
A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.
The sequential activation of serum COMPLEMENT PROTEINS to create the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Factors initiating complement activation include ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES, microbial ANTIGENS, or cell surface POLYSACCHARIDES.
A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.
Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.
A 53-kDa protein that is a positive regulator of the alternate pathway of complement activation (COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY, ALTERNATIVE). It stabilizes the ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C3bBb) and protects it from rapid inactivation, thus facilitating the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION and the formation of MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Individuals with mutation in the PFC gene exhibit properdin deficiency and have a high susceptibility to infections.
Membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles formed by invagination of phagocytized material. They fuse with lysosomes to form phagolysosomes in which the hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome digest the phagocytized material.
An adhesion-promoting leukocyte surface membrane heterodimer. The alpha subunit consists of the CD11b ANTIGEN and the beta subunit the CD18 ANTIGEN. The antigen, which is an integrin, functions both as a receptor for complement 3 and in cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesive interactions.
A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.
Glucose polymers consisting of a backbone of beta(1->3)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl units with beta(1->6) linked side chains of various lengths. They are a major component of the CELL WALL of organisms and of soluble DIETARY FIBER.
A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).
A genus of fleshy shelf basidiomycetous fungi, family Schizophyllaceae, order POLYPORALES, growing on woody substrata. It is pathogenic in humans.
Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.
Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.

Activation of stimulus-specific serine esterases (proteases) in the initiation of platelet secretion. I. Demonstration with organophosphorus inhibitors. (1/1146)

The effect of organophosphorus inhibitors of serine esterases (proteases) on secretion from washed rabbit platelets was examined. Five noncytotoxic stimuli were employed: collagen, thrombin, heterologous anti-platelet antibody (in the absence of complement), rabbit C3 bound to zymosan, and platelet activating factor derived from antigen-stimulated, IgE-sensitized rabbit basophils. Diisoprophyl phosphofluoridate, three series of p-nitrophenyl ethyl phosphonates, and a series of cyclohexyl phenylalkylphosphonofluridates were all found to be inhibitory to the platelet secretion. These are irreversible inhibitors of serine proteases but in this system were only inhibitory if added to the platelets concurrently with the stimuli. Pretreatment of either the platelets or the stimuli with the inhibitors followed by washing, was without effect on the subsequent reaction. This suggested the involvement of stimulus-activatable serine proteases in the secretory process. The concept was supported by finding that nonphosphorylating phosphonates or hydrolyzed phosphonates or phosphonofluoridates were without inhibitory action. The effect of a series of phosphonates or phosphonoflouridates in inhibiting each stimulus exhibited a unique activity-structure profile. The demonstration of such unique profiles with four series of inhibitors for each of the five stimuli was interpreted as demonstrating that a specific activatable serine protease was involved in the platelet secretory response to each stimulus.  (+info)

Acidification of the phagosome in Crassostrea virginica hemocytes following engulfment of zymosan. (2/1146)

Phagocytic hemocytes are responsible for engulfing and internally degrading foreign organisms within the hemolymph and tissue of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Since rapid acidification of the phagosome lumen is typically essential for activation of hydrolytic and reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) producing enzymes in vertebrate cells, we measured phagosomal pH in oyster hemocytes by using the emission fluorescence of two fluorescent probes, rhodamine and Oregon Green 488 (OG 488), conjugated to zymosan to determine whether oyster hemocyte phagosomes become acidified after phagocytosis of zymosan. The average pH of 1079 phagosomes within 277 hemocytes 1 h after phagocytosis of zymosan was 3.9 +/- 0.03. Observations of 141 hemocytes with internalized zymosan by light microscopy revealed that, over a 60-min time period, 51% of highly granular hemocytes became partially granular, and 29% became agranular. In addition, 83% of partially granular hemocytes containing zymosan at time = 0 became agranular within 60 min. A comparison revealed that the phagosomes of agranular hemocytes were much more acidic (pH 3.1 +/- 0.02) than those of highly granular hemocytes (4.9 +/- 0.02; P < 0.05). These values are significantly lower than most reported in the literature for blood cells from metazoan organisms.  (+info)

Effect of nitric oxide donors on oxygen-dependent cytotoxic responses mediated by neutrophils. (3/1146)

We analyzed the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on oxygen-dependent cytotoxic responses mediated by neutrophils against unopsonized erythrocytes using three NO donors: S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Neutrophils were treated with these compounds for 1-2 min at 37 degrees C and cytotoxicity was then triggered in the presence of NO donors by precipitating immune complexes, aggregated IgG, the chemotactic peptide FMLP, or opsonized zymosan. GSNO induced, in all cases, a marked increase in cytotoxic responses, while SNAP moderately increased cytotoxicity triggered by immune complexes, aggregated IgG, or Z, opsonized zymosen, without modifying those responses induced by FMLP. By contrast, SNP dramatically suppressed cytotoxicity triggered by all of the stimuli assessed. The enhancing effects mediated by GSNO and SNAP did not depend on the stimulation of guanylyl cyclase and were prevented by the NO scavengers hemoglobin and PTIO (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide). The inhibitory activity of SNP, on the other hand, was not prevented by NO scavengers, suggesting that it cannot be ascribed to the release of NO. In another set of experiments, neutrophils were pretreated with GSNO or SNAP for different times. Then cells were washed to remove NO donors from the culture medium, and cytotoxicity was triggered by different stimuli. It was found that neutrophils must be pretreated with NO donors for at least 4 h to increase cytotoxic responses, and pretreatment for longer periods (i.e., 8 or 18 h) further increased cytotoxicity. Not only cytotoxic responses, but also the production of O2- and H2O2, and the release of myeloperoxidase were increased under these conditions.  (+info)

Selective regulation of cytokine induction by adenoviral gene transfer of IkappaBalpha into human macrophages: lipopolysaccharide-induced, but not zymosan-induced, proinflammatory cytokines are inhibited, but IL-10 is nuclear factor-kappaB independent. (4/1146)

Macrophages are the major cytokine producers in chronic inflammatory diseases, but the biochemical pathways regulating cytokine production are poorly understood. This is because genetic tools to dissect signaling pathways cannot be used in macrophages because of difficulties in transfection. We have developed an adenoviral technique to achieve high efficiency gene delivery into macrophages and recently showed that spontaneous TNF-alpha production in rheumatoid arthritis joint cells, chiefly from macrophages, is 75% blocked by adenoviral transfer of IkappaBalpha. In this report we use the same adenovirus to investigate whether the production of a number of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8) from human macrophages depends on NF-kappaB. While the cytokine response to certain inducers, such as LPS, PMA, and UV light, is blocked by overexpression of IkappaBalpha, the response to zymosan is not. In contrast, anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist) induced by LPS are only marginally inhibited by IkappaBalpha excess. These studies demonstrate several new points about macrophage cytokine production. First, there is heterogeneity of mechanisms regulating both the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines within populations of a single cell type. In addition, the results confirm the utility of the adenoviral technique for functional analysis of cytokine induction. The results also confirm that there are autocrine and paracrine interactions regulating cytokine synthesis within a single cell type. The selectivity of NF-kappaB blockade for proinflammatory but not anti-inflammatory mediators indicates that in macrophages, NF-kappaB may be a good target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.  (+info)

Extracellular acidification induces human neutrophil activation. (5/1146)

In the current work, we evaluated the effect of extracellular acidification on neutrophil physiology. Neutrophils suspended in bicarbonate-buffered RPMI 1640 medium adjusted to acidic pH values (pH 6.5-7.0) underwent: 1) a rapid transient increase in intracellular free calcium concentration levels; 2) an increase in the forward light scattering properties; and 3) the up-regulation of surface expression of CD18. By contrast, extracellular acidosis was unable to induce neither the production of H2O2 nor the release of myeloperoxidase. Acidic extracellular pH also modulated the functional profile of neutrophils in response to conventional agonists such as FMLP, precipiting immune complexes, and opsonized zymosan. It was found that not only calcium mobilization, shape change response, and up-regulation of CD18 expression but also production of H2O2 and release of myeloperoxidase were markedly enhanced in neutrophils stimulated in acidic pH medium. Moreover, extracellular acidosis significantly delayed neutrophil apoptosis and concomitantly extended neutrophil functional lifespan. Extracellular acidification induced an immediate and abrupt fall in the intracellular pH, which persisted over the 240-s analyzed. A similar abrupt drop in the intracellular pH was detected in cells suspended in bicarbonate-supplemented PBS but not in those suspended in bicarbonate-free PBS. A role for intracellular acidification in neutrophil activation is suggested by the fact that only neutrophils suspended in bicarbonate-buffered media (i.e., RPMI 1640 and bicarbonate-supplemented PBS) underwent significant shape changes in response to extracellular acidification. Together, our results support the notion that extracellular acidosis may intensify acute inflammatory responses by inducing neutrophil activation as well as by delaying spontaneous apoptosis and extending neutrophil functional lifespan.  (+info)

Participation of cofilin in opsonized zymosan-triggered activation of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells through rapid dephosphorylation and translocation to plasma membranes. (6/1146)

We studied the roles of cofilin, an actin-binding phosphoprotein, in superoxide production of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells triggered by opsonized zymosan (OZ). OZ caused dephosphorylation of cofilin as well as a transient increase of F-actin. Both reactions were complete within 30 s. Okadaic acid (OA) magnified the OZ-triggered O2--production 3.3-fold at 1 microM, but inhibited it completely at 5 microM. We used these critical concentrations to study the effects of OA on changes in phosphorylation and intracellular localization of cofilin. The OZ-induced dephosphorylation of cofilin was inhibited by 5 microM OA but not by 1 microM OA. Subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting revealed that 1 microM OA increased cofilin on the phagosomal membranous fraction but 5 microM OA decreased it. At 1 microM, OA increased translocation of p47phox to membranes, which may explain in part the enhancing effect of 1 microM OA. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that: (i) Cofilin diffused throughout the cytosol of resting cells, but accumulated at the plasma membranes forming phagocytic vesicles in activated cells. (ii) At 1 microM, OA had little effect on the OZ-evoked translocation of cofilin, whereas 5 microM OA suppressed it completely. (iii) OA alone, which could not trigger the phagocytic respiratory burst, did not cause any change in the distribution of cofilin at such concentrations. Furthermore, in a superoxide-producing cell-free system employing membranous and cytosolic fractions, affinity-purified anti-cofilin antibody showed an enhancing effect. These results suggest that cofilin participates in the superoxide production of the OZ-activated phagocytes through dephosphorylation and translocation. The roles of cofilin in the activated leukocytes will be discussed.  (+info)

Roles of a macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) in host defense and heterogeneity of splenic marginal zone macrophages. (7/1146)

Class A type I and type II macrophage scavenger receptors (MSR-A) and a macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) are trimeric membrane glycoproteins mediating the uptake of chemically modified low density lipoproteins. MSR-A is expressed constitutively in several tissue macrophages and in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, whereas MARCO is expressed constitutively in splenic marginal zone macrophages and in macrophages and endothelial cells in the lymphatic medullary sinuses of lymph nodes. The administration of LPS, zymosan, BCG, or L. monocytogenes to mice resulted in marked and transient MARCO expression and in the upregulation of MSR-A expression in the liver and spleen. In osteopetrotic (op) mutant mice defective in the production on M-CSF, ER-TR9-positive marginal zone macrophages and MOMA-1-positive marginal metallophilic macrophages were absent, whereas MARCO-expressing marginal zone macrophages were present, indicating the heterogeneity of marginal zone macrophages. Intravenous administration of BCG resulted in marked accumulation of BCG bacilli in the both marginal zone macrophages and marginal metallophilic macrophages in littermate control mice. In contrast, BCG bacilli were incorporated almost exclusively by MARCO-expressing marginal zone macrophages in op/op mice. These results indicate that MARCO is not only expressed constitutively in specific macrophage subpopulations but is also induced by various bacterial antigens and plays a role in host defense against bacteria.  (+info)

Phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid is involved in the activation of the CD11b/CD18 integrin in human eosinophils. (8/1146)

Priming of human eosinophils is an essential event for the respiratory burst induced by serum-opsonized particles [serum-treated zymosan (STZ)]. In this study we have found that treatment of eosinophils with platelet-activating factor (PAF) leads to activation of phospholipase D. Inhibition of the formation of phospholipase D-derived products by ethanol resulted in about 90% inhibition of PAF-induced binding of fluorescent STZ particles to the cells, but only when ethanol was added to the cells before treatment with PAF. When ethanol was added after treatment with PAF, only a minor inhibition of the STZ binding and STZ-induced response was observed. These results indicate that phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid is involved in PAF priming, without having an effect on STZ stimulation. In the presence of propranolol, which inhibits phosphatidic acid-phosphatase activity, binding of STZ particles to human eosinophils induced by suboptimal concentrations of PAF was enhanced, indicating that phosphatidic acid and not diradylglyceride is the relevant molecule derived from phospholipase D activity. Addition of cell-permeant diC8-phosphatidic acid (DiC8-PA) to human eosinophils resulted in CD11b/CD18-dependent adhesion, both to STZ particles and fibronectin-coated wells, without significant upregulation of CD11b/CD18. The DiC8-PA-induced adhesion was not mediated via the fatty acid moiety, because other C8-lipids such as 1,2-diC8-phosphatidylcholine, 1-C8-monoacylglycerol or C8-ceramide were without effect. Activation of protein kinase C with PMA or 1,2-diC8-diacylglycerol did result in enhanced STZ binding. However, under these latter conditions upregulation of CD11b/CD18 was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that phospholipase D-derived PA is involved in changing the affinity of the CD11b/CD18 integrin for its ligands.  (+info)

The symptoms of peritonitis can vary depending on the severity and location of the inflammation, but they may include:

* Abdominal pain and tenderness
* Fever
* Nausea and vomiting
* Diarrhea or constipation
* Loss of appetite
* Fatigue
* Weakness
* Low blood pressure

Peritonitis can be diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as a CT scan, MRI or ultrasound. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to clear the infection and supportive care to manage symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove any infected tissue or repair damaged organs.

Prompt medical attention is essential for effective treatment and prevention of complications such as sepsis, organ failure, and death.

It binds to TLR 2 and Dectin-1 (CLEC7A). Zymosan is a ligand found on the surface of fungi, like yeast. Zymosan is prepared ... Zymosan A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Merck KGaA Zymosan at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings ( ... 2003). "Direct binding of Toll-like receptor 2 to zymosan, and zymosan-induced NF-kappa B activation and TNF-alpha secretion ... Zymosan A also raises cyclin D2 levels suggesting a role for the latter in macrophage activation besides proliferation. It ...
Lamkanfi, Mohamed; Malireddi, R. K. Subbarao; Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi (2009-07-31). "Fungal zymosan and mannan activate the ...
Several fungal ligands such as glucuronoxylomannan, phospholipomannan and zymosan have been reported. Moreover, TLR2/6 is known ...
Injections with zymosan can promote macrophages to enter the eye and secrete oncomodulin. This is an effective method of ...
"PTX3 function as an opsonin for the dectin-1-dependent internalization of zymosan by macrophages". Journal of Leukocyte Biology ...
They injected zymosan or monosodium urate crystals in order to induce gouty arthritis in mice. OLT1177 was then either injected ...
... predominantly mediates zymosan phagocytosis by human vascular endothelial cells". J. Biol. Chem. 284 (6): 3956-65. doi:10.1074/ ...
... from algae Lobophora variegata were shown to have anti-inflammatory activity in acute zymosan-induced arthritis in laboratory ... "Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Lobophora variegata on zymosan-induced arthritis in rats". ...
May 2005). "Regulated recruitment of DC-SIGN to cell-cell contact regions during zymosan-induced human dendritic cell ...
"Mitochondria regulate platelet metamorphosis induced by opsonized zymosan A--activation and long-term commitment to cell death ...
Other in vivo studies have demonstrated a reduction in zymosan-induced pain and inflammation and cytokine-induced bone loss. ...
Takeshita K, Bacon KB, Gantner F (2004). "Critical role of L-selectin and histamine H4 receptor in zymosan-induced neutrophil ... bone marrow and white blood cells and regulates neutrophil release from bone marrow and subsequent infiltration in the zymosan- ...
Also studies using the mouse zymosan model and chemerin peptides showed that these peptides suppressed and helped resolve the ...
When an agent, zymosan, was injected into the tunicate Styela plicata (causing inflammation), secretion of this collectin was ...
... zymosan MeSH D09.698.365.180 - cellulose MeSH D09.698.365.180.180 - cellobiose MeSH D09.698.365.180.200 - cellulose, oxidized ...
... only a small amount in human PMN extracts but was more potent than PD1 or PDX in blocking the inflammatory response to zymosan ...
In addition, a role for paracaspase has been shown in the innate immune response mediated by the zymosan receptor Dectin-1 in ...
... to mice before zymosan challenge conferred significant protection against zymosan-induced peritonitis, suppressing neutrophil ( ...
6-glucan isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus zymosan, β-1,3-glucan Properties of glucans include resistance to oral acids/enzyme ...
... zymosan Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (Saccharomyces boulardii) Flora of Door County, Wisconsin § Hybrid yeast Category: ...
... he was intrigued by experiments at the time which showed that mixing human serum with zymosan resulted in the loss of C3 ...
Other Zymosan products are available in stock. Specificity: Zymosan Category: Treated Group: Retinas ... Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the zymosan treated retinas reagents distributed by Genprice. The Zymosan Treated ...
Other Zymosan products are available in stock. Specificity: Zymosan Category: And Group: Phagocytosis And ... The Zymosan And Phagocytosis And Protocol reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. ... Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the zymosan and phagocytosis and protocol reagents distributed by Genprice. ...
Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the zymosan ansetzen reagents distributed by Genprice. The Zymosan Ansetzen ...
Based on these effects of zymosan A, zymosan A administration could be developed as a new strategy for the treatment of ... However, the disappeared antidepressant effect of zymosan A was restored by a second zymosan A injection (2â mg/kg, 5 h) 14 ... Our results showed that a single injection of zymosan A 5â h before behavioral tests at a dose of 1 or 2â mg/kg, but not at a ... Zymosan A is a cell wall preparation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae composed of ß-glucans. Based on its immuno-stimulatory ...
The content of our website is always available in English and partly in other languages. Choose your preferred language and we will show you the content in that language, if available.. ...
Zymosan, glucan, P. fabianii, and R. glutinis treatment of AM resulted in increased phagocytosis of labeled sheep RBCs, whereas ... Zymosan, a cell wall preparation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a potent stimulator of alveolar macrophages (AM). In the ... P. fabianii, C. sake, T. capitatum, R. glutinis, C. laurentii, as well as zymosan and glucan, stimulated superoxide anion and ... and Cryptococcus laurentii were compared with zymosan and ss- 13-glucan for their ability to stimulate AM and activate ...
Categories: Zymosan Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 1 images ...
1998), CL induction after zymosan stimulation and LDH release, a measure of lytic cell death, were measured in Manville Code ... Similar effects were seen with an assay using chemiluminescent response to zymosan challenge. And multiple macrophages were ...
Release of these factors is maximally stimulated by aggregated human immunoglobulin (Ig)G or zymosan particles; however, simple ...
In the abscence of extracellular Ca, phagocytosis of zymosan resulted in a SO-fold increase in CL. The presence of ... IFNgamma produced small dose dependent increases in zymosan stimulated CL. Cytotoxicity of TNFa was abrogated by IFNgamma . We ...
Protective effect of Hypericum perforatum in zymosan-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: Relationship to its ... The zymosan-elicited rise in iNOS expression, nitrotyrosine production, transaminases, amylases, lipases, bilirubin and ... We also demonstrated that SJW extract had beneficial effects in mice with zymosan-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, ...
2B4 cells expressing hDectin-1 were incubated with 2B4 cells that expressed hCLEC-2 or 10 μg/ml zymosan in the absence or ... PHZ hydrochloride (114715), zymosan (Z4250), Acid citrate-dextrose solution (C3821), and HAT Media Supplement (H0262-10VL) were ... or 10 μg/ml zymosan (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). After 18-h incubation, the fluorescence of NFAT-GFP was monitored using a ...
Isolated neutrophils displayed normal phagocytic (measured by zymosan-stimulated chemoluminescence) and chemotactic (measured ...
... and now the growing presence of zymosan is making that situation even worse," Mills said. ...
Mahomed AG, Anderson R. Activation of human neutrophils with chemotactic peptide, opsonized zymosan and the calcium ionophore ...
Thus, VNS increased local levels of SPM and accelerated resolution of inflammation in zymosan-induced peritonitis by a ... or sham surgery at the cervical level followed by zymosan-induced peritonitis. ...
After mouse optic nerve crush injury, NgR1-/- neurons regenerate RGC axons as extensively as do zymosan-injected, macrophage- ... Synergistic enhancement of regeneration is achieved by combining these interventions in zymosan-injected NgR1-/- mice. In rats ...
Zymosan - Preferred Concept UI. M0023164. Preferred term. Zymosan Zymosan A - Narrower Concept UI. M0023165. ...
The dynamic weight bearing (DWB) system was used for the evaluation of spontaneous behaviour changes in the zymosan-induced ... In addition, zymosan-induced weight bearing changes were reverted by celecoxib and A-803467. ... was observed following intraperitoneal injection of zymosan. A positive correlation was detected between PGE2 levels in the ...
Results showed SJ at dose of 62.5 and 250 mg/kbw had lower phagocytic index compared to Zymosan A as immunostimulant, but ...
TNF-α synthesis in monocytes in response to some stimuli (LPS) but not others (zymosan or CD45 ligation) is NF-κB dependent [32 ...
... were tested using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay with opsonized zymosan as the phagocytic target. One month after ... were tested using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay with opsonized zymosan as the phagocytic target. One month after ... were tested using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay with opsonized zymosan as the phagocytic target. One month after ... were tested using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay with opsonized zymosan as the phagocytic target. One month after ...
Amano in the tissue for paper safety . Yukiya Amano is literally been at alarm inquiry . credible from the zymosan on 11 ...
The problem with Zymosan was that it could stimulate too much inflammation in the process of fighting an infection. ... Nicholas DiLuzio at Tulane University in New Orleans found that the immunostimulant ingredient in Zymosan was a complex ... Pillemer called his early beta-glucan product Zymosan. It works through increasing inflammation, especially in the liver, ...
... zymosan-induced peritonitis (ZIP) and the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. Our results revealed that ...
  • Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the zymosan treated retinas reagents distributed by Genprice. (ifn-a.com)
  • Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the zymosan and phagocytosis and protocol reagents distributed by Genprice. (urokinases.com)
  • After extraction with alkali and detergent, the zymosan particles retained their ability to be opsonized in serum and to stimulate PMNs. (wikigenes.org)
  • To investigate this, mice were subjected to electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) or sham surgery at the cervical level followed by zymosan-induced peritonitis. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • This study investigates these effects, utilizing a 2-week program of environmental enrichment (EE) and 2 models of acute inflammation: zymosan-induced peritonitis (ZIP) and the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. (jci.org)
  • The problem with Zymosan was that it could stimulate too much inflammation in the process of fighting an infection. (healthifybody.com)
  • P. fabianii, C. sake, T. capitatum, R. glutinis, C. laurentii, as well as zymosan and glucan, stimulated superoxide anion and leukotriene B4 production in a dose-dependent fashion, but R. glutinis and C. laurentii were much less active. (cdc.gov)
  • Stimulation of microglia was essential for the antidepressant effect of zymosan A because pre-inhibition of microglia by minocycline or pre-depletion of microglia by PLX3397 prevented the antidepressant effect of zymosan A . Based on these effects of zymosan A , zymosan A administration could be developed as a new strategy for the treatment of depression . (bvsalud.org)
  • The count per minute of emitted light was measured before and after stimulation with zymosan solution. (who.int)
  • Zymosan, glucan, P. fabianii, and R. glutinis treatment of AM resulted in increased phagocytosis of labeled sheep RBCs, whereas there was no effect with C. sake or C. laurentii and T. capitatum significantly inhibiting phagocytosis. (cdc.gov)
  • In the abscence of extracellular Ca, phagocytosis of zymosan resulted in a SO-fold increase in CL. (cdc.gov)
  • IFNgamma produced small dose dependent increases in zymosan stimulated CL. (cdc.gov)
  • Zymosan, a cell wall preparation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a potent stimulator of alveolar macrophages (AM). In the present study, preparations from the cell walls of Pichia fabianii, Candida sake, Trichosporon capitatum, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Cryptococcus laurentii were compared with zymosan and ss- 1-->3-glucan for their ability to stimulate AM and activate complement. (cdc.gov)
  • Zymosan A is a cell wall preparation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae composed of ß- glucans . (bvsalud.org)
  • Zymosan A produces a rapid and sustained antidepressant effect in chronically stressed mice by stimulating hippocampal microglia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results showed that a single injection of zymosan A 5â h before behavioral tests at a dose of 1 or 2â mg/kg, but not at a dose of 0.5â mg/kg, reversed chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depression -like behaviors in mice in the tail suspension test, forced swimming test, and sucrose preference test. (bvsalud.org)
  • Time -dependent analysis showed that the antidepressant effect of zymosan A (2â mg/kg) in CUS mice became statistically significant at 5 and 8â h, but not at 3â h, and persisted for at least 7 days. (bvsalud.org)
  • After mouse optic nerve crush injury, NgR1-/- neurons regenerate RGC axons as extensively as do zymosan-injected, macrophage-activated WT mice. (listlabs.com)
  • Synergistic enhancement of regeneration is achieved by combining these interventions in zymosan-injected NgR1-/- mice. (listlabs.com)
  • The Zymosan Treated Retinas reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (ifn-a.com)
  • In the 1960's, Dr. Nicholas DiLuzio at Tulane University in New Orleans found that the immunostimulant ingredient in Zymosan was a complex carbohydrate called 1.6-beta-glucan. (healthifybody.com)
  • This study aimed to confirm the cytotoxicity of zymosan in vitro and in vivo and determine the appropriate treatment time and the dose of zymosan. (nih.gov)
  • To determine the major type of cell that was primarily responsible for the over-recruitment of neutrophils, we purified and cultured ex vivo zymosan-elicited peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages. (nih.gov)
  • Induction of Tnfα, Il-6 and Il-1β expression was attenuated in Ephx2-/- macrophages compared to wild-type after stimulation with peptidoglycan (PGN), but not after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), mannan or zymosan. (nih.gov)
  • The count per minute of emitted light was measured before and after stimulation with zymosan solution. (who.int)
  • P. fabianii, C. sake, T. capitatum, R. glutinis, C. laurentii, as well as zymosan and glucan, stimulated superoxide anion and leukotriene B4 production in a dose-dependent fashion, but R. glutinis and C. laurentii were much less active. (cdc.gov)
  • IFNgamma produced small dose dependent increases in zymosan stimulated CL. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure of rats to diesel exhaust particles by inhalation decreased the ability of alveolar macrophages to produce antimicrobial reactive oxidant species in response to zymosan (a fungal component). (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, exposure to coal dust increased zymosan-stimulated oxidant production. (nih.gov)