Zirconium
Hafnium
Dental Materials
Dental Abutments
Crowns
Chromium Alloys
Osteolysis, Essential
Dental Porcelain
Ammonium Hydroxide
Ceramics
Thermogravimetry
Titanium
Yttrium
Computer-Aided Design
Denture, Partial, Fixed, Resin-Bonded
Aluminum Oxide
Polyethylene
Coordination Complexes
Materials Testing
Dental Prosthesis Design
Dental Implants
Aluminum
Dental Stress Analysis
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Poor eight-year survival of cemented zirconia-polyethylene total hip replacements. (1/442)
Between January 1988 and January 1991 we performed 100 consecutive cemented total hip replacements using a zirconia head, a titanium alloy stem and a polyethylene cup. We reviewed 78 of these hips in 61 patients in detail at a mean of 5.8 years (1 to 9). Aseptic loosening was seen in 11 hips (14%). Eight needed revision. In total, 37 cups (47.5%) showed radiolucent lines, all at the cement-bone interface, with 18 (23%) involving all the interface. Of the 78 femoral implants, 17 (21.7%) showed radiolucent lines, and two, which had a complete line of more than 1 mm thick, definite endocortical osteolyses. There was also an abnormally high incidence of osteolysis of more than 2 mm at the calcar. Survivorship analysis showed that only 63% were in situ at eight years. These worrying results led us to abandon the use of zirconia heads, since at the same hospital, using the same femoral stem, cement and polyethylene cup, but with alumina femoral heads, the survival rate was 93% at nine years. We discuss the possible reasons for the poor performance of zirconia ceramic. (+info)Effects of composite thickness on the shear bond strength to dentin. (2/442)
The manufacturers of some condensable posterior composites claim that their products can be placed in bulk and light-cured in 5-mm-thick increments. This study compared the shear bond strengths of three composite resins when bonded to dentin in 2- and 5-mm-thick increments. Overall the bond strengths were adversely affected by the composite thickness (p < 0.0001). The shear bond strength of each composite tested was much lower when polymerized in a 5-mm increment than in a 2-mm increment of composite (p < or = 0.0005). The two condensable composites tested had a lower bond strength than the conventional composite when polymerized in a 5-mm bulk increment (p < or = 0.01). (+info)Age of Neoproterozoic bilatarian body and trace fossils, White Sea, Russia: implications for metazoan evolution. (3/442)
A uranium-lead zircon age for a volcanic ash interstratified with fossil-bearing, shallow marine siliciclastic rocks in the Zimnie Gory section of the White Sea region indicates that a diverse assemblage of body and trace fossils occurred before 555.3 +/- 0.3 million years ago. This age is a minimum for the oldest well-documented triploblastic bilaterian Kimberella. It also makes co-occurring trace fossils the oldest that are reliably dated. This determination of age implies that there is no simple relation between Ediacaran diversity and the carbon isotopic composition of Neoproterozoic seawater. (+info)Cytotoxicity and macrophage cytokine release induced by ceramic and polyethylene particles in vitro. (4/442)
Although the response of macrophages to polyethylene debris has been widely studied, it has never been compared with the cellular response to ceramic debris. Our aim was to investigate the cytotoxicity of ceramic particles (Al2O3 and ZrO2) and to analyse their ability to stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators compared with that of high-density polyethylene particles (HDP). We analysed the effects of particle size, concentration and composition using an in vitro model. The J774 mouse macrophage cell line was exposed to commercial particles in the phagocytosable range (up to 4.5 microns). Al2O3 was compared with ZrO2 at 0.6 micron and with HDP at 4.5 microns. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using flow cytometry and macrophage cytokine release was measured by ELISA. Cell mortality increased with the size and concentration of Al2O3 particles. When comparing Al2O3 and ZrO2 at 0.6 micron, we did not detect any significant difference at the concentrations analysed (up to 2500 particles per macrophage), and mortality remained very low (less than 10%). Release of TNF-alpha also increased with the size and concentration of Al2O3 particles, reaching 195% of control (165 pg/ml v 84 pg/ml) at 2.4 microns and 350 particles per cell (p < 0.05). Release of TNF-alpha was higher with HDP than with Al2O3 particles at 4.5 microns. However, we did not detect any significant difference in the release of TNF-alpha between Al2O3 and ZrO2 at 0.6 micron (p > 0.05). We saw no evidence of release of interleukin-1 alpha or interleukin-1 beta after exposure to ceramic or HDP particles. (+info)A rapid phospholipase D assay using zirconium precipitation of anionic substrate phospholipids: application to n-acylethanolamine formation in vitro. (5/442)
Activation of phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in a number of signal transduction pathways in eukaryotic cells. The most common method for determination of PLD activity in vitro involves incubation with a radiolabeled substrate and lipid extraction followed by thin-layer chromatography in order to separate and quantify substrate and product(s). A more rapid assay can be used when utilizing phosphatidylcholine as a substrate because one of the products, choline, is water soluble and therefore easily separated from the substrate. However, this separation principle is not applicable in evaluating N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE)-hydrolyzing PLD activity, which produces two lipophilic products, N-acylethanolamine (NAE) and phosphatidic acid. Therefore, we developed a rapid assay for the routine detection of NAPE-hydrolyzing PLD activity. This assay is based on precipitation of radiolabeled substrate (NAPE) in the presence of ZrOCl(2), followed by quantification of radiolabeled NAE released into a methanolic supernatant. The precipitation involves a chemical reaction of the zirconyl cation with the phosphate anion. Conditions were optimized for the complete precipitation of NAPE, whereas N-acyllysophosphatidylethanolamine and glycerophospho(N-acyl)ethanolamine were precipitated at least 95%. Furthermore, this precipitation method can be extended to assays of other anionic phospholipid-hydrolyzing PLD activities by selecting an optimal pH of the precipitation solution. For example, 98;-99% precipitation of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylserine was achieved.Consequently, this new assay allows for a convenient examination of PLD activities toward a variety of phospholipid substrates, and in particular allows for the analysis of NAE formation from NAPE in vitro, a feature that will facilitate a more complete biochemical characterization of this anandamide-generating enzyme. (+info)Elution of bisphenol A from composite resin: a model experiment. (6/442)
To understand the leaching characteristics of bisphenol A (BPA) from composite resins, we prepared experimental composite resins containing known amounts of BPA and examined the BPA elution from the resins in water and methanol at 37 degrees C. The concentration of BPA in each eluate was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Cumulative BPA release was calculated and plotted against extraction time. The elution of BPA was rapid during a 6-hr period for both solvents, and then declined and continued steadily. Plots of square root of the amount of BPA leached against logarithm of extraction time produced good linear relationships from a 6-hr period thereafter. Extrapolation of the relationship enabled prediction of the amount of BPA to be leached in the long term. The present results suggested that little or no estrogenic effect due to long-term elution of BPA from commercial Bis-GMA-based resins is expected in practice. (+info)The effects of particulate bone cements at the bone-implant interface. (7/442)
We used a rat model in vivo to study the effects of particulate bone cements at the bone-implant interface. A ceramic pin was implanted into the tibiae of 48 rats. Three types of particle of clinically relevant size were produced from one bone-cement base without radio-opacifier, with zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and with barium sulphate (BaSO4). The rats were randomly assigned to four groups to receive one of the three bone cements or normal saline with 2% v/v Sprague-Dawley serum as the control. A total of 10(9) particles was injected into the knee at 8, 10 and 12 weeks after the original surgery. The animals were killed at 14 weeks and the tibiae processed for histomorphometry. The area of fibrous tissue and the gap between the implant and bone were measured using image analysis. All three types of particle were associated with a larger area of bone resorption than the control. Only in the case of the BaSO4-containing cement did this reach statistical significance (p = 0.01). Particles of bone cement appear to promote osteolysis at the bone-implant interface and this effect is most marked when BaSO4 is used as the radiopaque agent. (+info)Preparation of a ribonucleic acid-(polyamidoamine)-(zirconia-urea-formaldehyde resin) high-performance liquid affinity chromatographic stationary phase. (8/442)
A preparative method for a high-performance liquid affinity chromatographic (HPLAC) stationary phase is described. The 3- to 5-microm nonporous composite spherical microparticles of zirconia and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin are synthesized through the reaction of zirconyl chloride with hexamethylene tetra-amine and urea, and then it is used as the matrix of the HPLAC stationary phase of which the diameter and structure are determined by scanning electron microscopy. In a methanol medium, the polyamidoamine (PAMAM) starburst dentritic spacer arms are linked with the imido-groups on the surface of the matrix by the Michael addition reaction with methyl acrylate and the amination reaction with ethylene diamine. After repeating these steps in triplets, amine-terminated dentritic spacer arms with a generation of 3 are obtained. The topological structure of the spacer arms is examined by solid-state 13C NMR. The Br-substituted ribonucleic acid (RNA) ligand is obtained by the reaction of liquid bromine with RNA and bonded to the dendritic spacer arms of the matrix in a solution of NaOH (pH 9-11). The binding capacity of RNA is measured by UV spectrophotometry. A new type of stationary phase--RNA-(PAMAM)-(zirconia-UF resin--for HPLAC, which possesses starburst dendritic spacer arms, is synthesized and used for the separation of biological macromolecules. (+info)Zirconium is not a medical term, but it is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. It is a gray-white, strong, corrosion-resistant transition metal that is used primarily in nuclear reactors, as an opacifier in glazes for ceramic cookware, and in surgical implants such as artificial joints due to its biocompatibility.
In the context of medical devices or implants, zirconium alloys may be used for their mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion. For example, zirconia (a form of zirconium dioxide) is a popular material for dental crowns and implants due to its durability, strength, and natural appearance.
However, it's important to note that while zirconium itself is not considered a medical term, there are various medical applications and devices that utilize zirconium-based materials.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but Hafnium is not a medical term. It is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. Hafnium is a lustrous, silvery, tetravalent transition metal that chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals.
It has no relevance to medical terminology or healthcare. If you have any questions related to medical definitions or health-related topics, I'd be happy to try to help with those instead!
Dental materials are substances that are used in restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, endodontics, orthodontics, and preventive dentistry to restore or replace missing tooth structure, improve the function and esthetics of teeth, and protect the oral tissues from decay and disease. These materials can be classified into various categories based on their physical and chemical properties, including metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, cements, and alloys.
Some examples of dental materials include:
1. Amalgam: a metal alloy used for dental fillings that contains silver, tin, copper, and mercury. It is strong, durable, and resistant to wear but has been controversial due to concerns about the toxicity of mercury.
2. Composite: a tooth-colored restorative material made of a mixture of glass or ceramic particles and a bonding agent. It is used for fillings, veneers, and other esthetic dental treatments.
3. Glass ionomer cement: a type of cement used for dental restorations that releases fluoride ions and helps prevent tooth decay. It is often used for fillings in children's teeth or as a base under crowns and bridges.
4. Porcelain: a ceramic material used for dental crowns, veneers, and other esthetic restorations. It is strong, durable, and resistant to staining but can be brittle and prone to fracture.
5. Gold alloy: a metal alloy used for dental restorations that contains gold, copper, and other metals. It is highly biocompatible, corrosion-resistant, and malleable but can be expensive and less esthetic than other materials.
6. Acrylic resin: a type of polymer used for dental appliances such as dentures, night guards, and orthodontic retainers. It is lightweight, flexible, and easy to modify but can be less durable than other materials.
The choice of dental material depends on various factors, including the location and extent of the restoration, the patient's oral health status, their esthetic preferences, and their budget. Dental professionals must consider these factors carefully when selecting the appropriate dental material for each individual case.
A dental abutment is a component of a dental implant restoration that connects the implant to the replacement tooth or teeth. It serves as a support structure and is attached to the implant, which is surgically placed in the jawbone. The abutment provides a stable foundation for the placement of a crown, bridge, or denture, depending on the patient's individual needs.
Dental abutments can be made from various materials such as titanium, zirconia, or other biocompatible materials. They come in different shapes and sizes to accommodate the specific requirements of each implant case. The selection of an appropriate dental abutment is crucial for ensuring a successful and long-lasting dental implant restoration.
A dental crown is a type of dental restoration that completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant. Crowns are used to restore the strength, functionality, and appearance of teeth that have been damaged or weakened due to various reasons such as decay, fracture, or large fillings. They can be made from various materials including porcelain, ceramic, metal, or a combination of these. The crown is custom-made to fit over the prepared tooth and is cemented into place, becoming a permanent part of the tooth. Crowns are also used for cosmetic purposes to improve the appearance of discolored or misshapen teeth.
Chromium alloys are materials made by combining chromium with other metals, such as nickel, cobalt, or iron. The addition of chromium to these alloys enhances their properties, making them resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. These alloys have a wide range of applications in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and medical devices.
Chromium alloys can be classified into two main categories: stainless steels and superalloys. Stainless steels are alloys that contain at least 10.5% chromium by weight, which forms a passive oxide layer on the surface of the material, protecting it from corrosion. Superalloys, on the other hand, are high-performance alloys designed to operate in extreme environments, such as jet engines and gas turbines. They contain significant amounts of chromium, along with other elements like nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum.
Chromium alloys have several medical applications due to their excellent properties. For instance, they are used in surgical instruments, dental implants, and orthopedic devices because of their resistance to corrosion and biocompatibility. Additionally, some chromium alloys exhibit superelasticity, a property that allows them to return to their original shape after being deformed, making them suitable for use in stents and other medical devices that require flexibility and durability.
Essential osteolysis is not a well-defined medical condition with a single, widely accepted medical definition. The term "osteolysis" generally refers to the loss or resorption of bone tissue. In essential osteolysis, this process occurs without an underlying cause that can be easily identified, such as a tumor, infection, or other disease.
Some sources describe essential osteolysis as a condition characterized by progressive bone loss that occurs spontaneously and symmetrically, typically affecting the small bones of the hands and feet. The exact cause of this form of osteolysis is not known, but it is thought to be related to an abnormal immune response or genetic factors.
It's important to note that essential osteolysis is a rare condition, and its symptoms and progression can vary significantly from person to person. If you have concerns about osteolysis or any other medical condition, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Dental porcelain is a type of biocompatible ceramic material that is commonly used in restorative and cosmetic dentistry to create tooth-colored restorations such as crowns, veneers, inlays, onlays, and bridges. It is made from a mixture of powdered porcelain and water, which is heated to high temperatures to form a hard, glass-like substance. Dental porcelain has several desirable properties for dental restorations, including:
1. High strength and durability: Dental porcelain is strong enough to withstand the forces of biting and chewing, making it suitable for use in load-bearing restorations such as crowns and bridges.
2. Natural appearance: Dental porcelain can be matched closely to the color, translucency, and texture of natural teeth, allowing for highly aesthetic restorations that blend seamlessly with the surrounding dentition.
3. Biocompatibility: Dental porcelain is biologically inert and does not cause adverse reactions or toxicity in the body, making it a safe choice for dental restorations.
4. Chemical resistance: Dental porcelain is resistant to staining and chemical attack from substances such as coffee, tea, red wine, and acidic foods and drinks.
5. Low thermal conductivity: Dental porcelain has low thermal conductivity, which means it does not transmit heat or cold readily, reducing the risk of temperature sensitivity in dental restorations.
Overall, dental porcelain is a versatile and reliable material for creating high-quality, natural-looking, and durable dental restorations.
Ammonium hydroxide is a solution of ammonia (NH3) in water, and it is also known as aqua ammonia or ammonia water. It has the chemical formula NH4OH. This solution is composed of ammonium ions (NH4+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), making it a basic or alkaline substance with a pH level greater than 7.
Ammonium hydroxide is commonly used in various industrial, agricultural, and laboratory applications. It serves as a cleaning agent, a pharmaceutical aid, a laboratory reagent, and a component in fertilizers. In chemistry, it can be used to neutralize acids or act as a base in acid-base reactions.
Handling ammonium hydroxide requires caution due to its caustic nature. It can cause burns and eye damage upon contact, and inhalation of its vapors may lead to respiratory irritation. Proper safety measures, such as wearing protective clothing, gloves, and eyewear, should be taken when handling this substance.
In the field of medicine, ceramics are commonly referred to as inorganic, non-metallic materials that are made up of compounds such as oxides, carbides, and nitrides. These materials are often used in medical applications due to their biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion, and ability to withstand high temperatures. Some examples of medical ceramics include:
1. Bioceramics: These are ceramic materials that are used in medical devices and implants, such as hip replacements, dental implants, and bone grafts. They are designed to be biocompatible, which means they can be safely implanted into the body without causing an adverse reaction.
2. Ceramic coatings: These are thin layers of ceramic material that are applied to medical devices and implants to improve their performance and durability. For example, ceramic coatings may be used on orthopedic implants to reduce wear and tear, or on cardiovascular implants to prevent blood clots from forming.
3. Ceramic membranes: These are porous ceramic materials that are used in medical filtration systems, such as hemodialysis machines. They are designed to selectively filter out impurities while allowing essential molecules to pass through.
4. Ceramic scaffolds: These are three-dimensional structures made of ceramic material that are used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They provide a framework for cells to grow and multiply, helping to repair or replace damaged tissues.
Overall, medical ceramics play an important role in modern healthcare, providing safe and effective solutions for a wide range of medical applications.
Thermogravimetry (TG) is a technique used in materials science and analytical chemistry to measure the mass of a substance as a function of temperature while it is subjected to a controlled heating or cooling rate in a carefully controlled atmosphere. The sample is placed in a pan which is suspended from a balance and heated at a constant rate. As the temperature increases, various components of the sample may decompose, lose water, or evolve gases, resulting in a decrease in mass, which is recorded by the balance.
TG can be used to determine the weight loss due to decomposition, desorption, or volatilization, and to calculate the amount of various components present in a sample. It is often used in conjunction with other techniques such as differential thermal analysis (DTA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to provide additional information about the thermal behavior of materials.
In summary, thermogravimetry is a method for measuring the mass changes of a material as it is heated or cooled, which can be used to analyze its composition and thermal stability.
Titanium is not a medical term, but rather a chemical element (symbol Ti, atomic number 22) that is widely used in the medical field due to its unique properties. Medically, it is often referred to as a biocompatible material used in various medical applications such as:
1. Orthopedic implants: Titanium and its alloys are used for making joint replacements (hips, knees, shoulders), bone plates, screws, and rods due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.
2. Dental implants: Titanium is also commonly used in dental applications like implants, crowns, and bridges because of its ability to osseointegrate, or fuse directly with bone tissue, providing a stable foundation for replacement teeth.
3. Cardiovascular devices: Titanium alloys are used in the construction of heart valves, pacemakers, and other cardiovascular implants due to their non-magnetic properties, which prevent interference with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
4. Medical instruments: Due to its resistance to corrosion and high strength, titanium is used in the manufacturing of various medical instruments such as surgical tools, needles, and catheters.
In summary, Titanium is a chemical element with unique properties that make it an ideal material for various medical applications, including orthopedic and dental implants, cardiovascular devices, and medical instruments.
Yttrium is not a medical term itself, but it is a chemical element with the symbol "Y" and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition element that is found in rare earth minerals.
In the field of medicine, yttrium is used in the production of some medical devices and treatments. For example, yttrium-90 is a radioactive isotope that is used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, such as liver cancer and lymphoma. Yttrium-90 is often combined with other substances to form tiny beads or particles that can be injected directly into tumors, where they release radiation that helps to destroy cancer cells.
Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers are also used in medical procedures such as eye surgery and dental work. These lasers emit a highly concentrated beam of light that can be used to cut or coagulate tissue with great precision.
Overall, while yttrium is not a medical term itself, it does have important applications in the field of medicine.
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computer systems to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD software is used to create and manage designs in a variety of fields, such as architecture, engineering, and manufacturing. It allows designers to visualize their ideas in 2D or 3D, simulate how the design will function, and make changes quickly and easily. This can help to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the design process, and can also facilitate collaboration and communication among team members.
A partial denture that is fixed and bonded with resin is a type of dental restoration used when one or more natural teeth are missing in a jaw. Unlike removable partial dentures, fixed partial dentures, also known as "dental bridges," are permanently attached to the remaining teeth or implants for support.
In this specific type, the false tooth (or pontic) is connected to the adjacent teeth with the help of resin-bonded retainers, which are made from a special dental resin material. The retainers are bonded to the back surfaces of the supporting teeth, providing a secure and stable fit for the replacement tooth.
Resin-bonded fixed partial dentures offer several advantages, including minimally invasive preparation, lower cost compared to other types of bridges, and quicker installation time. However, they may not be suitable for all cases, especially when supporting teeth have large fillings or significant crowning. A dental professional can determine the most appropriate treatment option based on an individual's oral health needs and preferences.
Aluminum oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Al2O3. It is also known as alumina and it is a white solid that is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. Aluminum oxide is highly resistant to corrosion, has a high melting point, and is an electrical insulator.
In the medical field, aluminum oxide is used in a variety of applications such as:
1. Dental crowns and implants: Aluminum oxide is used in the production of dental crowns and implants due to its strength and durability.
2. Orthopedic implants: Aluminum oxide is used in some types of orthopedic implants, such as knee and hip replacements, because of its biocompatibility and resistance to wear.
3. Medical ceramics: Aluminum oxide is used in the production of medical ceramics, which are used in various medical devices such as pacemakers and hearing aids.
4. Pharmaceuticals: Aluminum oxide is used as an excipient in some pharmaceutical products, such as tablets and capsules, to improve their stability and shelf life.
5. Medical research: Aluminum oxide is used in medical research, for example, as a substrate material for growing cells or as a coating material for medical devices.
It's important to note that while aluminum oxide has many useful applications in the medical field, exposure to high levels of aluminum can be harmful to human health. Therefore, it is important to use aluminum oxide and other aluminum-containing materials safely and according to established guidelines.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polyethylene" is not a medical term. It is a type of synthetic plastic that is commonly used in various industrial and consumer products. Medical definitions typically refer to substances or conditions related to human health, treatment, or disease processes. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help!
Coordination complexes are chemical compounds in which a central metal atom or ion is bonded to one or more ligands (molecules or ions that donate a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond) through a coordination number, which refers to the number of individual bonds formed between the metal and the ligands.
The structure and properties of coordination complexes are determined by the type of metal ion, the nature and number of ligands, and the geometry of the coordination sphere around the metal ion. These complexes have important applications in various fields such as catalysis, bioinorganic chemistry, materials science, and medicinal chemistry.
The formation of coordination complexes can be described by the following reaction:
M + nL ↔ MLn
Where M is the metal ion, L is the ligand, and n is the number of ligands bonded to the metal ion. The double arrow indicates that the reaction can proceed in both directions, with the equilibrium favoring either the formation or dissociation of the complex depending on various factors such as temperature, pressure, and concentration.
The study of coordination complexes is an important area of inorganic chemistry, and it involves understanding the electronic structure, bonding, and reactivity of these compounds. The use of crystal field theory and molecular orbital theory provides a framework for describing the behavior of coordination complexes and predicting their properties.
I'm happy to help! However, I must clarify that "materials testing" is not a medical term per se. It is a term used in various fields, including engineering and materials science, to describe the process of subjecting materials to different tests to evaluate their properties and performance under various conditions.
In the context of medical devices or implants, materials testing may refer to the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in their construction. These tests can include assessments of strength, durability, biocompatibility, and other factors that are critical to ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices.
Medical device manufacturers must comply with regulatory standards for materials testing to ensure that their products meet specific requirements for performance, safety, and quality. These standards may vary depending on the type of device, its intended use, and the country or region in which it will be marketed and sold.
A dental prosthesis is a device that replaces missing teeth or parts of teeth and restores their function and appearance. The design of a dental prosthesis refers to the plan and specifications used to create it, including the materials, shape, size, and arrangement of the artificial teeth and any supporting structures.
The design of a dental prosthesis is typically based on a variety of factors, including:
* The number and location of missing teeth
* The condition of the remaining teeth and gums
* The patient's bite and jaw alignment
* The patient's aesthetic preferences
* The patient's ability to chew and speak properly
There are several types of dental prostheses, including:
* Dentures: A removable appliance that replaces all or most of the upper or lower teeth.
* Fixed partial denture (FPD): Also known as a bridge, this is a fixed (non-removable) appliance that replaces one or more missing teeth by attaching artificial teeth to the remaining natural teeth on either side of the gap.
* Removable partial denture (RPD): A removable appliance that replaces some but not all of the upper or lower teeth.
* Implant-supported prosthesis: An artificial tooth or set of teeth that is supported by dental implants, which are surgically placed in the jawbone.
The design of a dental prosthesis must be carefully planned and executed to ensure a good fit, proper function, and natural appearance. It may involve several appointments with a dentist or dental specialist, such as a prosthodontist, to take impressions, make measurements, and try in the finished prosthesis.
Dental implants are artificial tooth roots that are surgically placed into the jawbone to replace missing or extracted teeth. They are typically made of titanium, a biocompatible material that can fuse with the bone over time in a process called osseointegration. Once the implant has integrated with the bone, a dental crown, bridge, or denture can be attached to it to restore function and aesthetics to the mouth.
Dental implants are a popular choice for tooth replacement because they offer several advantages over traditional options like dentures or bridges. They are more stable and comfortable, as they do not rely on adjacent teeth for support and do not slip or move around in the mouth. Additionally, dental implants can help to preserve jawbone density and prevent facial sagging that can occur when teeth are missing.
The process of getting dental implants typically involves several appointments with a dental specialist called a prosthodontist or an oral surgeon. During the first appointment, the implant is placed into the jawbone, and the gum tissue is stitched closed. Over the next few months, the implant will fuse with the bone. Once this process is complete, a second surgery may be necessary to expose the implant and attach an abutment, which connects the implant to the dental restoration. Finally, the crown, bridge, or denture is attached to the implant, providing a natural-looking and functional replacement for the missing tooth.
The chemical element aluminum (or aluminium in British English) is a silvery-white, soft, non-magnetic, ductile metal. The atomic number of aluminum is 13 and its symbol on the periodic table is Al. It is the most abundant metallic element in the Earth's crust and is found in a variety of minerals such as bauxite.
Aluminum is resistant to corrosion due to the formation of a thin layer of aluminum oxide on its surface that protects it from further oxidation. It is lightweight, has good thermal and electrical conductivity, and can be easily formed and machined. These properties make aluminum a widely used metal in various industries such as construction, packaging, transportation, and electronics.
In the medical field, aluminum is used in some medications and medical devices. For example, aluminum hydroxide is commonly used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and treat heartburn, while aluminum salts are used as adjuvants in vaccines to enhance the immune response. However, excessive exposure to aluminum can be harmful and has been linked to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, although the exact relationship between aluminum and these conditions is not fully understood.
A knee prosthesis, also known as a knee replacement or artificial knee joint, is a medical device used to replace the damaged or diseased weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint. It typically consists of three components: the femoral component (made of metal) that fits over the end of the thighbone (femur), the tibial component (often made of metal and plastic) that fits into the top of the shinbone (tibia), and a patellar component (usually made of plastic) that replaces the damaged surface of the kneecap.
The primary goal of knee prosthesis is to relieve pain, restore function, and improve quality of life for individuals with advanced knee joint damage due to conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic injuries. The procedure to implant a knee prosthesis is called knee replacement surgery or total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Dental stress analysis is a method used in dentistry to evaluate the amount and distribution of forces that act upon teeth and surrounding structures during biting, chewing, or other functional movements. This analysis helps dental professionals identify areas of excessive stress or strain that may lead to dental problems such as tooth fracture, mobility, or periodontal (gum) disease. By identifying these areas, dentists can develop treatment plans to reduce the risk of dental issues and improve overall oral health.
Dental stress analysis typically involves the use of specialized equipment, such as strain gauges, T-scan occlusal analysis systems, or finite element analysis software, to measure and analyze the forces that act upon teeth during various functional movements. The results of the analysis can help dentists determine the best course of treatment, which may include adjusting the bite, restoring damaged teeth with crowns or fillings, or fabricating custom-made oral appliances to redistribute the forces evenly across the dental arch.
Overall, dental stress analysis is an important tool in modern dentistry that helps dental professionals diagnose and treat dental problems related to occlusal (bite) forces, ensuring optimal oral health and function for their patients.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a type of electron microscopy that uses a focused beam of electrons to scan the surface of a sample and produce a high-resolution image. In SEM, a beam of electrons is scanned across the surface of a specimen, and secondary electrons are emitted from the sample due to interactions between the electrons and the atoms in the sample. These secondary electrons are then detected by a detector and used to create an image of the sample's surface topography. SEM can provide detailed images of the surface of a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and biological samples. It is commonly used in materials science, biology, and electronics for the examination and analysis of surfaces at the micro- and nanoscale.
Equipment Failure Analysis is a process of identifying the cause of failure in medical equipment or devices. This involves a systematic examination and evaluation of the equipment, its components, and operational history to determine why it failed. The analysis may include physical inspection, chemical testing, and review of maintenance records, as well as assessment of design, manufacturing, and usage factors that may have contributed to the failure.
The goal of Equipment Failure Analysis is to identify the root cause of the failure, so that corrective actions can be taken to prevent similar failures in the future. This is important in medical settings to ensure patient safety and maintain the reliability and effectiveness of medical equipment.
Zirconium - Wikipedia
zirconium element - Wolfram|Alpha
Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Zirconium
Ultrasmall amorphous zirconia nanoparticles catalyse polyolefin hydrogenolysis | Nature Catalysis
Zirconium Blocks | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®
Contessa Di Capri Cubic Zirconia Eternity Ring
DailyMed - LOKELMA- sodium zirconium cyclosilicate powder, for suspension
Zirconia - Articles - Scientific Research Publishing
Cubic zirconia - New World Encyclopedia
Zirconia Icon | Sailor Moon Iconpack | Jen
zirconium oxide - translation into German from English | PROMT.One Translator
Macy's Cubic Zirconia Criss Cross Ring - Macy's
Zirconia, NC
Cubic zirconia
Periodic Table of Elements: Zirconium - Zr (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
Cubic Zirconia Spinning Fidget Ring | Hobby Lobby | 2259067
Skip to Properties
Browsing by Subject "Zirconium"
Evaluation of Conditions for Hydrogen-Induced Degradation of Zirconium Alloys during Fuel Operation and Storage | IAEA
Hyperbola cocktail ring, Carbon neutral zirconia, Mixed cuts, White, Rhodium plated
Foskor Zirconia (Pty) Ltd.
Cubic Zirconia Wave Necklace and Earrings Set | David's Bridal
FUCHSIA ZIRCONIA HEART EARRINGS
Revoltec Zirconium RT-101 ATX Case Review - Madshrimps Forum Madness
zirconium hydride Leading local media on chemical materials, nano-ma
Ruby Cubic Zirconia Heart Necklace - Lord & Taylor
Zirconium & Alloys | Foundry Management & Technology
Zirconia polishers
Oxide10
- Lunar rock samples brought back from several Apollo missions to the moon have a high zirconium oxide content relative to terrestrial rocks. (wikipedia.org)
- Exposed surfaces of zirconium form a protective oxide layer. (chemicool.com)
- Discovered in 1892, the yellowish monoclinic mineral baddeleyite is a natural form of zirconium oxide. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- However, stabilization of zirconium oxide had been realized early on, with the synthetic product stabilized zirconia introduced in 1930. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- In the absence of the stabilizer, synthesis of zirconium oxide would produce monoclinic crystals , which are the stable form under normal atmospheric conditions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Worker monitoring melting zirconium oxide and yttrium oxide in an induction heated "cold crucible" to create cubic zirconia. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- The new zirconia polishers ensure a fast, safe and low-heat treatment of zirconium oxide without neglecting precision. (zirkonzahn.com)
- CZ, as it's known, is zirconium oxide, a hard, clear, diamond-like crystal that can be cut and polished to look a whole lot like a real diamond. (theodoregray.com)
- Back to zirconium, the metallic form is of course nothing like its oxide. (theodoregray.com)
- Gem cut Zirconium oxide (cubic). (theodoregray.com)
Yttria Stabiliz6
- 2N) 99% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (3 mol. (americanelements.com)
- 3N) 99.9% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (3 mol. (americanelements.com)
- 4N) 99.99% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (3 mol. (americanelements.com)
- 5N) 99.999% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (3 mol. (americanelements.com)
- Yttria-stabilized zirconia crystallization in Al 2 O 3 /YSZ. (cambridge.org)
- Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/Al 2 O 3 multilayers deposited on Pt foil were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. (cambridge.org)
EARRINGS3
- These earrings sparkle in cubic zirconia with the elegance only a special occasion can bring. (annabellagio.com)
- These earrings feature stunning baguette-cut and round cut Cubic Zirconia that. (shopzilla.com)
- These Light Capturing, Rose-Gold Earrings From Giani Bernini Feature A Stack Of Cubic Zirconia Baguettes That Follow The Natural Curve Of The Ear. (shopzilla.com)
Synthetic cubic zirconia2
- Zircon (zirconium silicate, ZrSiO 4 ) is a natural gemstone and synthetic cubic zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO 2 ) is produced as a low-cost substitute for diamond. (chemicool.com)
- Given its low cost, durability, and close visual likeness to diamond , synthetic cubic zirconia has remained the most gemologically and economically important competitor for diamonds since 1976. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate powder2
- Empty the packet(s) of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate powder into a cup of 3 tablespoons (45 mL) or more of water. (medlineplus.gov)
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in sodium zirconium cyclosilicate powder. (medlineplus.gov)
Zircon9
- The name zirconium is derived from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. (wikipedia.org)
- The principal commercial source of zirconium is zircon (ZrSiO4), a silicate mineral, which is found primarily in Australia, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa and the United States, as well as in smaller deposits around the world. (wikipedia.org)
- Zircon resources exceed 60 million tonnes worldwide and annual worldwide zirconium production is approximately 900,000 tonnes. (wikipedia.org)
- From 2003 to 2007, while prices for the mineral zircon steadily increased from $360 to $840 per tonne, the price for unwrought zirconium metal decreased from $39,900 to $22,700 per ton. (wikipedia.org)
- Zirconium metal is much more expensive than zircon because the reduction processes are costly. (wikipedia.org)
- Precious stones containing zirconium, such as hyacinth and zircon, have been used as decorations since ancient times. (chemicool.com)
- Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon (zirconium silicate) from Sri Lanka. (chemicool.com)
- It should not be confused with zircon , which is zirconium silicate ( ZrSiO 4 ). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Seven years later, German mineralogists M. V. Stackelberg and K. Chudoba discovered naturally occurring cubic zirconia in the form of microscopic grains included in metamict zircon. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Round cubic zirconia1
- The center features three charms: large ruby princess cut cubic zirconia stone set in bezel, love engraved on a bar and heart Shaped paved with small ruby round cubic zirconia stones. (lordandtaylor.com)
Cubic zirconia stone1
- A round 5mm prong set cubic zirconia stone drops a smaller 2mm stone that dangles the 8mm pear shaped stone. (annabellagio.com)
White cubic zirconia4
- Bold in design, this ring features a criss crossed design with sparkling white cubic zirconia. (macys.com)
- The impressive 7 mm x 5 mm baguette, princess-cut white cubic zirconia center stone features a stunning 125 facets! (shopzilla.com)
- 3 mm x 2 mm white cubic zirconia baguette stones frame the. (shopzilla.com)
- In 18k Rose Gold, Each Dainty Hoop Sparkles With A Combination Of Round And Baguette Cut Glittering White Cubic Zirconia.Approx. (shopzilla.com)
Dioxide2
- Zirconium forms a variety of inorganic and organometallic compounds such as zirconium dioxide and zirconocene dichloride, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- Cubic zirconia (or CZ ) is the cubic crystalline form of zirconium dioxide ( ZrO 2 ). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Abundance of Zirconium1
- New and improved experimental oscillator strengths in ZrII and the solar abundance of zirconium. (lu.se)
Pure zirconium2
- Zirconium tetraiodide (ZrI 4 ) is decomposed on a white hot tungsten filament creating a crystal bar of pure zirconium. (chemicool.com)
- We are very honored to have received a slice cut from one of the first batches of pure zirconium metal ever to have been isolated. (theodoregray.com)
Monolithic Zirconia4
- The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between fracture load of monolithic zirconia crowns and axial/occlusal thickness and to evaluate the fracture resistance of monolithic zirconia crowns with reduced thickness in comparison with that of monolithic lithium disilicate crowns with regular thickness. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Monolithic zirconia crowns (Lava Plus Zirconia, 3M/ESPE) with specified axial/occlusal thicknesses and lithium disilicate crowns (IPS e.max press, Ivoclar/Vivadent) with regular thickness were fabricated using a dental CAD/CAM system and a press technique, respectively. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Although the reduction of the occlusal thickness decreased the fracture resistance of the monolithic zirconia crowns, the fracture load of the zirconia crowns with the occlusal thickness of 0.5 mm (5558 ± 522 N) was significantly higher than that of lithium disilicate crowns with an occlusal thickness of 1.5 mm (3147 ± 409 N). (unboundmedicine.com)
- Within the limitations of the present study, it is suggested that monolithic zirconia crown with chamfer width of 0.5 mm and occlusal thickness of 0.5 mm can be used in the molar region in terms of fracture resistance. (unboundmedicine.com)
Compounds4
- Zirconium compounds have no known biological role. (wikipedia.org)
- When present in compounds, zirconium exists mostly in the oxidation state IV. (chemicool.com)
- In Canada , the use of zirconium compounds in cosmetics and personal care products, including the Aluminum Zirconium Chlorohydrex complexes with glycine, is regulated. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
- Aluminum Zirconium Chlorohydrex GLY compounds are coordination complexes of Aluminum Zirconium Chlorohydrate (3, 4, 5, or 8 units) and glycine in which some of the water molecules normally coordinated to the metal have been displaced by glycine. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Hafnium3
- Of the elements within the d-block with known electronegativities, zirconium has the fifth lowest electronegativity after hafnium, yttrium, lanthanum, and actinium. (wikipedia.org)
- Zirconium is routinely found with a low level of hafnium since separation of the two elements is difficult. (americanelements.com)
- Zirconium usually occurs together with hafnium and the two are very hard to separate, so for this sample to have no hafnium whatsoever is remarkable, and indicates that they worked really hard to purify it. (theodoregray.com)
Hydride5
- Purity: 99%Particle Size 325 Mesh Zirconium Hydride (ZrH2) Powder: The density of the zirconium hydride ZrH2, is 5.6 g/cm3, melting is decomposed to form heat-39.7 Kcal/mol. (mis-asia.com)
- The hydrogenation of titanium is usually carried out at temperatures of 900 degrees C. Zirconium hydride has a molecular weight 93.24. (mis-asia.com)
- The zirconium hy The chemical formula of zirconium hydride is ZrH2, the density is 5.6g/cm3, and it decomposes before melting to generate heat of -39.7kcal/mol. (mis-asia.com)
- Purity: 99%Particle Size 325 Mesh Zirconium Hydride (ZrH2) Powder: The dens. (mis-asia.com)
- What is zirconium hydride? (mis-asia.com)
Alloys5
- Alloys with zinc are magnetic at less than 35 K. The melting point of zirconium is 1855 °C (3371 °F), and the boiling point is 4409 °C (7968 °F). Zirconium has an electronegativity of 1.33 on the Pauling scale. (wikipedia.org)
- Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent. (chemicool.com)
- As a result of its exceptional corrosion resistance, zirconium is used extensively in the chemical industry in corrosive environments where zirconium's alloys can be found in pipes, fittings and heat exchangers. (chemicool.com)
- Components for nuclear reactors are made from zirconium alloys because they have a low thermal neutron capture cross-section, high resistance to corrosion in high temperature water and acceptable mechanical strength. (iaea.org)
- The IAEA plans to assist interested Member States' organizations in evaluation of hydrogen-induced degradation of mechanical and fracture properties in different zirconium alloys, including both traditional and experimental materials, so that the degradation may be predicted and prevented. (iaea.org)
Yttrium2
- We once thought the color was from yttrium, but now I doubt that, so it's been moved under zirconium because that's the one thing I do believe about it. (theodoregray.com)
- Mineralized dikes contain most of the beryllium, columbium, tantalum, yttrium, zirconium, and ree resources, whereas shear zones and fracture-related deposits (Ross-Adams Mine) contain the principal uranium resource. (cdc.gov)
Particles1
- Macromolecules translocate from bulk through radial mesopores to the highly active zirconia particles, where the chains undergo selective hydrogenolytic cleavage into a narrow, C 18 -centred distribution. (nature.com)
Fracture1
- Cubic zirconia has no cleavage and exhibits a conchoidal fracture. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Resistant to corrosion2
- Zirconium is highly resistant to corrosion by alkalis, acids, salt water and other agents. (wikipedia.org)
- Zirconium is generally exceptionally resistant to corrosion. (chemicool.com)
Lustrous3
- Zirconium is a lustrous, greyish-white, soft, ductile, malleable metal that is solid at room temperature, though it is hard and brittle at lesser purities. (wikipedia.org)
- Mounted in lustrous sterling silver, they feature 9.5-10mm freshwater cultured pearls with 40 tapered baguette-cut and 120 round-cut cubic zirconia stones in an elegant swirl design. (shopzilla.com)
- vintage Cubic Zirconia bangle bracelet is plated in lustrous silver rhodium and has a safety clasp used in fine jewely. (sophiesfavors.com)
Baddeleyite1
- Zirconium also occurs in more than 140 other minerals, including the commercially useful ores baddeleyite and eudialyte. (wikipedia.org)
Alumina1
- Zirconia ceramics stabilized using 10 mol% CeO2 and 1 mol% CaO were studied with the addition of small amounts of a-alumina. (upc.edu)
Amorphous2
- He produced zirconium as an amorphous black powder which was a poor conductor of electricity. (chemicool.com)
- To harness this unusual reactivity, our catalytic architecture localizes ultrasmall amorphous zirconia nanoparticles between two fused platelets of mesoporous silica. (nature.com)
Sparkle2
- Cubic zirconia (shown above) has the same crystal structure as diamond, and has a similar sparkle. (chemicool.com)
- The connected cubic zirconia clusters of this collar necklace and earring set sparkle like cresting waves. (davidsbridal.com)
Corrosion2
- Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although small amounts are used as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion. (wikipedia.org)
- As a metal zirconium is very corrosion resistant and is used in chemical processing equipment. (theodoregray.com)
Powder2
- In powder form, zirconium is highly flammable, but the solid form is much less prone to ignition. (wikipedia.org)
- Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate comes as a powder in a packet to mix with water and take by mouth with or without food. (medlineplus.gov)
Metals1
- Metals (beryllium and zirconium), min- node resection from 1991 to 2001. (cdc.gov)
Titanium2
- Zirconium is a by-product formed after mining and processing of the titanium minerals ilmenite and rutile, as well as tin mining. (wikipedia.org)
- An electromagnetically levitated ball of molten titanium -zirconium- nickel alloy. (chemicool.com)
Molten2
- The extremely high melting point of zirconia (2750°C) posed a hurdle to controlled single-crystal growth, as no existing crucible could hold it in its molten state. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- This technique involved molten zirconia being contained within a thin shell of still-solid zirconia, with crystal growth from the melt. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Purity1
- Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925. (chemicool.com)
Crystalline1
- Cubic zirconia is a synthesized crystalline material. (ka-gold-jewelry.com)
Rhodium plated1
- Kiera Rhodium Plated Sterling Silver Cubic Zirconia 2 Ct. (shopzilla.com)
17891
- While Klaproth discovered zirconium in 1789, it first isolated by J.J. Berzelius in 1824 in stockholm Sweden. (environmentalchemistry.com)
Monoclinic1
- A reliable producer and supplier of high-quality monoclinic and calcia-stabilized zirconia with fumed silica as a by-product to the global market. (ceramicindustry.com)
Dental implants1
- The development of zirconia dental implants has become increasingly popular over the last years due to the outstanding mechanical properties, superior aesthetic appearance and high biocompatibility of this material. (upc.edu)
Stones2
- The focal stone has a sparkling cluster of cubic zirconia stones. (hobbylobby.com)
- The high quality AAA cubic zirconia stones will look fabulous now and for many years to come. (annabellagio.com)
Alloy1
- A key to the successful operation of nuclear fuel is that the target burnup is attained before one of the several degradation mechanisms limits the life of the zirconium alloy fuel cladding. (iaea.org)
Complexes4
- The synthetic methods that localize metal nanoparticles in a 3D architecture, however, are not readily adapted to SOMC zirconium complexes due to their unwanted reactivity with air and moisture, which forces the final synthetic step to be organometallic site installation. (nature.com)
- These ingredients are complexes of Aluminum Zirconium Chlorohydrex (3, 4, 5 or 8 units) with glycine. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
- Aluminum Zirconium Trichlorohydrex GLY, Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrex GLY, Aluminum Zirconium Pentachlorohydrex GLY, and Aluminum Zirconium Octachlorohydrex GLY are complexes of an inorganic and an organic compound A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and usually other elements such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
- In Europe, the uses of Aluminum Zirconium Chlorohydrate complexes with glycine are restricted to antiperspirant products according to the Cosmetics Directive of the European Union (see Appendix III). (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Room temperature1
- At room temperature zirconium exhibits a hexagonally close-packed crystal structure, α-Zr, which changes to β-Zr, a body-centered cubic crystal structure, at 863 °C. Zirconium exists in the β-phase until the melting point. (wikipedia.org)
Ingredients2
- Aluminum Zirconium Trichlorohydrex GLY, Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrex GLY, Aluminum Zirconium Pentachlorohydrex GLY, and Aluminum Zirconium Octachlorohydrex GLY are ingredients that are applied to the skin to reduce the production of perspiration at the site of application, to induce a tightening or tingling sensation of the skin and to reduce or eliminate unpleasant odor. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has reviewed the safety of the Aluminum Zirconium Chlorohydrex GLY ingredients and has approved these ingredients for use as ingredients in Over-the-Counter (OTC) antiperspirant drug products. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Necklace1
- Classy Sterling Silver 18K Rose Plated Ruby Cubic Zirconia Heart and Love Adjustable Necklace. (lordandtaylor.com)
Dense1
- Cubic zirconia is a dense substance, with a specific gravity between 5.6-6.0. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Precious2
- Here we show that Earth-abundant, non-reducible zirconia catalyses the hydrogenolysis of polyolefins with activity rivalling that of precious metal nanoparticles. (nature.com)
- Buy Pear Orange Zirconia Precious & Semi-Precious loose gems online via Paypal or Transfer! (eurogem.biz)
Potassium3
- Berzelius heated an iron tube containing a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride (K 2 ZrF 6 ). (chemicool.com)
- Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate is used to treat hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium in the blood). (medlineplus.gov)
- Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate is in a class of medications called potassium removing agents. (medlineplus.gov)
Search1
- Look up "zirconium" in a web search engine or on eBay and you'll find thousands upon thousands of references, every single one of them to cubic zirconia jewelry. (theodoregray.com)
Metal3
- The chemical element zirconium is classed as a transition metal. (chemicool.com)
- In an oxygen atmosphere, finely divided Zirconium burns with the highest known temperature for a metal flame: 4460 o C. (4) Powdered zirconium can spontaneously ignite in air. (chemicool.com)
- This Hyperbola ring has been crafted with sustainability in mind, using certified carbon neutral Swarovski Zirconia and recycled metal. (swarovski.com)
Flawless1
- Cubic zirconia is usually flawless and hard. (ka-gold-jewelry.com)
Sterling silver1
- Cubic zirconia gems cover the little sterling silver crosses for an attractive formal jewelry option. (catholiccompany.com)
Naturally1
- Naturally occurring zirconium is composed of five isotopes. (wikipedia.org)
Eternity1
- Promise your love and dedication is eternal with this gorgeous cubic zirconia eternity ring from Contessa Di Capri. (kohls.com)
Absorption1
- Take any other medications at least 2 hour before or 2 hours after you take sodium zirconium cyclosilicate because sodium zirconium cyclosilicate can interfere with absorption of other medications. (medlineplus.gov)
Sizes1
- Onlineshop with Pear Orange Zirconia Gemstones in different Shapes & Sizes at Wholesale Prices! (eurogem.biz)