OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
ZidovudineAnti-HIV AgentsDidanosineStavudineLamivudineReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsHIV InfectionsZalcitabineInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalHIV-1NevirapineDideoxynucleotidesDideoxynucleosidesAIDS-Related ComplexAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeDrug Therapy, CombinationHIV Reverse TranscriptasePregnancy Complications, InfectiousIndinavirCD4 Lymphocyte CountHIV Core Protein p24Drug Resistance, ViralBenzoxazinesThymine NucleotidesViral LoadRNA, ViralAntiviral AgentsOxazinesOrganophosphonatesDrug InteractionsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveHIV Protease InhibitorsDrug Resistance, Multiple, ViralDrug Resistance, MicrobialBotswanaHIVNelfinavirPregnancyAnti-Retroviral AgentsAdenineDouble-Blind MethodLopinavirRNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseAppetite StimulantsSaquinavirHalf-LifeHIV SeropositivityPyrimidinonesDrug Administration ScheduleThymidine MonophosphateInfant, NewbornNucleosidesRitonavirLeukocyte CountAIDS Dementia ComplexTreatment Failure
Zidovudine
A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.
Anti-HIV Agents
Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.
Didanosine
A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.
Stavudine
A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.
Lamivudine
A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE), an enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template.
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Zalcitabine
A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.
HIV-1
The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.
Nevirapine
A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.
Dideoxynucleotides
The phosphate esters of DIDEOXYNUCLEOSIDES.
Dideoxynucleosides
Nucleosides that have two hydroxy groups removed from the sugar moiety. The majority of these compounds have broad-spectrum antiretroviral activity due to their action as antimetabolites. The nucleosides are phosphorylated intracellularly to their 5'-triphosphates and act as chain-terminating inhibitors of viral reverse transcription.
AIDS-Related Complex
A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.
Drug Therapy, Combination
Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.
HIV Reverse Transcriptase
A reverse transcriptase encoded by the POL GENE of HIV. It is a heterodimer of 66 kDa and 51 kDa subunits that are derived from a common precursor protein. The heterodimer also includes an RNAse H activity (RIBONUCLEASE H, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS) that plays an essential role the viral replication process.
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.
Indinavir
A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.
HIV Core Protein p24
A major core protein of the human immunodeficiency virus encoded by the HIV gag gene. HIV-seropositive individuals mount a significant immune response to p24 and thus detection of antibodies to p24 is one basis for determining HIV infection by ELISA and Western blot assays. The protein is also being investigated as a potential HIV immunogen in vaccines.
Drug Resistance, Viral
The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.
Benzoxazines
OXAZINES with a fused BENZENE ring.
Thymine Nucleotides
Phosphate esters of THYMIDINE in N-glycosidic linkage with ribose or deoxyribose, as occurs in nucleic acids. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1154)
Viral Load
The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.
RNA, Viral
Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
Antiviral Agents
Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
Oxazines
Six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen and a nitrogen.
Organophosphonates
Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.
Drug Interactions
The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively suppress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor.
HIV Protease Inhibitors
Inhibitors of HIV PROTEASE, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly.
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral
The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance phenotype may be attributed to multiple gene mutation.
Drug Resistance, Microbial
The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).
Botswana
A republic in southern Africa, between NAMIBIA and ZAMBIA. It was formerly called Bechuanaland. Its capital is Gaborone. The Kalahari Desert is in the west and southwest.
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.
Nelfinavir
A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Agents used to treat RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.
Adenine
A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.
Double-Blind Method
A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.
Lopinavir
An HIV protease inhibitor used in a fixed-dose combination with RITONAVIR. It is also an inhibitor of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.
RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
An enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template. It is encoded by the pol gene of retroviruses and by certain retrovirus-like elements. EC 2.7.7.49.
Appetite Stimulants
Agents that are used to stimulate appetite. These drugs are frequently used to treat anorexia associated with cancer and AIDS.
Saquinavir
An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.
Half-Life
The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.
HIV Seropositivity
Development of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have been exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/HTLV-III/LAV).
Pyrimidinones
Drug Administration Schedule
Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.
Thymidine Monophosphate
5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.
Infant, Newborn
An infant during the first month after birth.
Nucleosides
Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Ritonavir
An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.
Leukocyte Count
The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.
AIDS Dementia Complex
A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)
Treatment Failure
A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series.

Short course antiretroviral regimens to reduce maternal transmission of HIV.(1/1569)

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Modulation of the cytotoxicity of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and methotrexate after transduction of folate receptor cDNA into human cervical carcinoma: identification of a correlation between folate receptor expression and thymidine kinase activity. (2/1569)

Cervical carcinoma is an AIDS-defining illness. The expression of folate receptors (FRs) in cervical carcinoma (HeLa-IU1) cells was modulated by stable transduction of FR cDNA encapsidated in recombinant adeno-associated virus-2 in the sense and antisense orientation (sense and antisense cells, respectively). Although sense cells proliferated slower than antisense or untransduced cells in vivo and in vitro in 2% (but not 10%) FCS, [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was significantly increased in sense cells in 10% serum; therefore, the basis for this discrepancy was investigated. The activity of thymidine kinase (TK) was subsequently directly correlated with the extent of FR expression in single cell-derived clones of transduced cells. This elevated TK activity was not a result of recruitment of the salvage pathway based on the presence of adequate dTTP pools, normal thymidylate synthase (TS) activity, persistence of increased thymidine incorporation despite the exogenous provision of excess 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate, and documentation of adequate folates in sense cells. The increase in TK activity conferred significant biological properties to sense cells (but not antisense or untransduced cells) as demonstrated by augmented phosphorylation of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and concomitantly greater sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of AZT. Conversely, sense cells were highly resistant to methotrexate, but this was reversed by the addition of AZT. The direct correlation of FR expression and TK activity indicates a previously unrecognized consequence of FR overexpression.  (+info)

Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by combination of transcription inhibitor K-12 and other antiretroviral agents in acutely and chronically infected cells. (3/1569)

8-Difluoromethoxy-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-[4-(2-methoxyp hen yl)-1- piperazinyl]-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (K-12) has recently been identified as a potent and selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcription. In this study, we examined several combinations of K-12 and other antiretroviral agents for their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 replication in acutely and chronically infected cell cultures. Combinations of K-12 and a reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor, either zidovudine, lamivudine, or nevirapine, synergistically inhibited HIV-1 replication in acutely infected MT-4 cells. The combination of K-12 and the protease inhibitor nelfinavir (NFV) also synergistically inhibited HIV-1, whereas the synergism of this combination was weaker than that of the combinations with the RT inhibitors. K-12 did not enhance the cytotoxicities of RT and protease inhibitors. Synergism of the combinations was also observed in acutely infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The combination of K-12 and cepharanthine, a nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor, synergistically inhibited HIV-1 production in tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated U1 cells, a promonocytic cell line chronically infected with the virus. In contrast, additive inhibition was observed for the combination of K-12 and NFV. These results indicate that the combinations of K-12 and clinically available antiretroviral agents may have potential as chemotherapeutic modalities for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.  (+info)

Inhibition of nucleoside diphosphate kinase in rat liver mitochondria by added 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. (4/1569)

The effect of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine on nucleoside diphosphate kinase of isolated rat liver mitochondria has been studied. This is done by monitoring the increase in the rate of oxygen uptake by nucleoside diphosphate (TDP, UDP, CDP or GDP) addition to mitochondria in state 4. It is shown that 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine inhibits the mitochondrial nucleoside diphosphate kinase in a competitive manner, with a Ki value of about 10 microM as measured for each tested nucleoside diphosphate. It is also shown that high concentrations of GDP prevent 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine inhibition of the nucleoside diphosphate kinase.  (+info)

Suppression of replication of multidrug-resistant HIV type 1 variants by combinations of thymidylate synthase inhibitors with zidovudine or stavudine. (5/1569)

The replication of recombinant multidrug-resistant HIV-1 clones modeled on clinically derived resistant HIV-1 strains from patients receiving long-term combination therapy with zidovudine (AZT) plus 2',3'-dideoxycytidine was found to regain sensitivity to AZT and stavudine (D4T) as a consequence of a pharmacologically induced decrease in de novo dTMP synthesis. The host-cell system used was phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells; dTMP and dTTP depletion were induced by single exposures to a low level of the thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or its deoxynucleoside, 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine. The host-cell response to the latter was biphasic: a very rapid decrease in the rate of de novo dTMP formation and, consequently, in intracellular dTTP pools, followed by slower recovery in both indices over 3 to 24 h. With the additional presence of AZT or D4T, however, replication of the multidrug-resistant HIV-1 strains remained inhibited, indicating dependence of HIV DNA chain termination by AZT-5'-monophosphate or 2',3'-didehydro-2', 3'-dideoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate in these resistant strains on simultaneous inhibition of host-cell de novo synthesis of thymidine nucleotides. No effect on viability of control (uninfected) phytohemagglutinin-stimulated/peripheral blood mononuclear cells was noted on 6-day exposures to 5-FU or 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine alone or in combination with AZT or D4T, even at drug levels severalfold higher than those used in the viral inhibition studies. These studies may provide useful information for the potential clinical use of AZT/5-FU or D4T/5-FU combinations for the prevention or reversal of multidrug resistance associated with long-term dideoxynucleoside combination therapy.  (+info)

Treatment with amprenavir alone or amprenavir with zidovudine and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 347 Study Team. (6/1569)

Amprenavir is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and good in vitro activity. Ninety-two lamivudine- and protease inhibitor-naive individuals with >/=50 CD4 cells/mm3 and >/=5000 HIV RNA copies/mL were assigned amprenavir (1200 mg) alone or with zidovudine (300 mg) plus lamivudine (150 mg), all given every 12 h. After a median follow-up of 88 days, the findings of a planned interim review resulted in termination of the amprenavir monotherapy arm. Among 85 subjects with confirmed plasma HIV RNA determination, 15 of 42 monotherapy versus 1 of 43 triple-therapy subjects had an HIV RNA increase above baseline or 1 log10 above nadir (P=.0001). For subjects taking triple therapy at 24 weeks, the median decrease in HIV RNA was 2.04 log10 copies/mL, and 17 (63%) of 27 evaluable subjects had <500 HIV RNA copies/mL. Treatment with amprenavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine together reduced the levels of HIV RNA significantly more than did amprenavir monotherapy.  (+info)

2-mercapto N-(azolyl)benzenesulfonamides. VI. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of some new 2-mercapto-N-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives containing the 1,2,4-triazole moiety fused with a variety of heteroaromatic rings. (7/1569)

A series of 2-mercapto-N-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives containing the triazole moiety fused with a variety of heteroaromatic rings [XVI-XXVIII] was obtained by the reactions of 3-methylthio-1,4-2-benzodithiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives [Ia-d] with 2-hydrazines [IIa-f]. Some of the intermediate 1,1-dioxide-1,4,2-benzodithiazin-3-ylhydrazines [III-XV] initially formed were also isolated. Preliminary screening data indicated that compounds [XVI-XIX and XXVII] were anti-HIV inactive, whereas other compounds showed a high [XXI and XXIII], fairly high [XXIII and XXVI] or moderate [XX, XXIV, XXV and XXVIII] activity. The compound [XXI] exhibited also high activity against ten selected HIV mutants.  (+info)

Effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to protease inhibitors on reverse transcriptase processing, activity, and drug sensitivity. (8/1569)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants resistant to protease inhibitors often display a reduced replicative capacity as a result of an impairment of protease function. Such fitness-impaired viruses display Gag precursor maturation defects. Here, we report that some protease inhibitor-resistant viruses also display abnormalities in the processing of reverse transcriptase (RT) by the protease. In three recombinant viruses carrying resistant protease sequences from patient plasma, we observed a marked decrease in the amount of mature RT subunits and of particle-associated RT activity compared to their parental pretherapy counterparts. We investigated the possibility that a decrease in the amount of particle-associated mature RT could affect the sensitivity of the corresponding virus to RT inhibitors. We observed a twofold increase of sensitivity to zidovudine (AZT) when a virus which carried AZT mutations was processed by a resistant protease. Interestingly, the presence of AZT-resistance mutations partially rescued the replication defect associated with the mutated protease. The interplay between resistance to protease inhibitors and to RT inhibitors described here may be relevant to the therapeutic control of HIV-1 infection.  (+info)

Maternal viral genotypic zidovudine resistance and infrequent failure of zidovudine therapy to prevent perinatal transmission...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Maternal viral genotypic zidovudine resistance and infrequent failure of zidovudine therapy to prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 076. AU - Eastman, P. Scott. AU - Shapiro, David E.. AU - Coombs, Robert W.. AU - Frenkel, Lisa M.. AU - McSherry, George D.. AU - Britto, Paula. AU - Herman, Steven A.. AU - Sperling, Rhoda S.. PY - 1998. Y1 - 1998. N2 - Maternal samples were assessed from 96 women enrolled in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 076 to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotypic zidovudine resistance at entry, if zidovudine resistance developed on study, and the role of zidovudine resistance in vertical transmission of HIV-1 despite zidovudine therapy. Low and high levels of genotypic resistance were assessed by differential hybridization, oligoligation, or direct sequencing of plasma HIV-1 RNA for codons K70R and T215Y/F. None of the ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/maternal-viral-genotypic-zidovudine-resistance-and-infrequent-fai
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Zidovudine, didanosine, and zalcitabine in the treatment of HIV infection: meta-analyses of the randomised evidence. HIV...
BACKGROUND: To assess the effects of zidovudine, didanosine, and zalcitabine on HIV disease progression and survival, we undertook meta-analyses of individual patient data and tabular data from all randomised trials that compared these agents. METHODS: Individual patient data were available for 7722 participants without AIDS in the nine randomised trials of immediate versus deferred zidovudine, and 7700 participants with or without AIDS in the six trials comparing zidovudine plus didanosine, zidovudine plus zalcitabine, or zidovudine alone. The main outcomes were mortality and disease progression (new AIDS-defining event or death before any such event). FINDINGS: In the comparison of immediate versus deferred zidovudine, during a median follow-up of 50 months, 1908 individuals progressed, of whom 1351 died. In the deferred group, 61% started antiretroviral therapy (median time to therapy 28 months, which was zidovudine monotherapy in 94%). During the first year of follow-up, immediate zidovudine halved
https://www.expmedndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/79710
In vivo antagonism with zidovudine plus stavudine combination therapy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - In vivo antagonism with zidovudine plus stavudine combination therapy. AU - Havlir, Diane V.. AU - Tierney, Camlin. AU - Friedland, Gerald H.. AU - Pollard, Richard B.. AU - Smeaton, Laura. AU - Sommadossi, Jean Pierre. AU - Lawrence, Fox. AU - Kessler, Harold. AU - Fife, Kenneth. AU - Richman, Douglas D.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects receiving zidovudine were randomized either to add stavudine (d4T) or didanosine (ddI) to their current regimen or to switch to ddI or d4T monotherapy. After 16 weeks of therapy, the mean reduction in HIV RNA from baseline was 0.14 log10 copies/mL in patients receiving d4T or zidovudine plus d4T. In subjects receiving ddI or ddI plus zidovudine, reductions were 0.39 and 0.56 log10, respectively. CD4 cell counts remained stable or showed modest increases in all arms except the zidovudine plus d4T arm. Patients receiving zidovudine plus d4T showed progressive declines in CD4 cell counts with a median ...
https://indiana.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/in-vivo-antagonism-with-zidovudine-plus-stavudine-combination-the
Zidovudine therapy in an inner city population<...Zidovudine therapy in an inner city population<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Zidovudine therapy in an inner city population. AU - Samuels, Jonathan E.. AU - Hendrix, Josephine. AU - Hilton, Madeline. AU - Marantz, Paul R.. AU - Sloan, Victor. AU - Small, Catherine Butkus. PY - 1990/9. Y1 - 1990/9. N2 - To determine the compliance and tolerance with zidovudine (azi-dothymidine or AZT) therapy among poor, minority, and intravenous drug-using patients, data were collected on all AIDS and ARC patients followed for at least 4 weeks in a New York City Human Immunodeficiency Virus clinic. Ninety-nine patients received zidovudine, of whom 75% were males, 92% were minorities, and 59% had a history of intravenous drug use. Of the 99 patients, 72 had AIDS and 27 had ARC with T-helper (CD4) lymphocytes ≤500 mm3. Eighty-seven of the 99 patients (88%) were compliant with zidovudine therapy. Fifty-seven percent of these had at least one adverse drug reaction requiring dose reduction (44%) or cessation (13%). Adverse reactions were similar to those reported in other ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/zidovudine-therapy-in-an-inner-city-population-2
1991 - Zidovudine update | 1991 May-Jun : Volume 114, Number 3, Page 73 | ACP Journal Club Archives1991 - Zidovudine update | 1991 May-Jun : Volume 114, Number 3, Page 73 | ACP Journal Club Archives
If a therapy delays progression from A to B and from B to C, does it not follow that it delays progression from A to C? The answer is not necessarily yes. For convenience, let us define middle-stage HIV infection as asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic disease with a CD4 count between 0.2 and 0.5 × 109/L. Recent trials have shown that zidovudine delays progression from middle-stage HIV infection to AIDS or AIDS-related complex. Furthermore, other trials have demonstrated that zidovudine prolongs survival in persons with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. Unfortunately, it does not necessarily follow that early institution of zidovudine therapy in patients with middle-stage HIV infection will prolong their overall survival. One reason is that the trials of zidovudine in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex involved subjects who had not received zidovudine before. It is conceivable that the early benefit of zidovudine could be counterbalanced by longer-term effects, including viral resistance and ...
http://acpjc.org/Content/114/3/issue/ACPJC-1991-114-3-073.htm
Zidovudine 100 Mg En Ligne Bas Prix Commander Avec Mastercard - Prix Du Retrovir En Belgique - posted by carl at My indiagate...
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http://www.myindiagate.com/community/blogs/109524
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Zidovudine 100 Mg En Ligne Bas Prix Commander Avec Mastercard - Prix Du Retrovir En Belgique Achat Zidovudine Rapide Moins Cher Que Le Zidovudine, Acheter Zidovudine Pour Femme... Tags: retrovir, zidovudine.
http://www.myindiagate.com/community/blogs/post/109524
Cardiac structure and function in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with zidovudine<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cardiac structure and function in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with zidovudine. AU - Lipshultz, Steven E. AU - Orav, E. John. AU - Sanders, Stephen P.. AU - Hale, Andrea Rubin. AU - Mcintosh, Kenneth. AU - Colan, Steven D.. PY - 1992/10/29. Y1 - 1992/10/29. N2 - Background. Abnormalities of cardiac structure and function are common in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is unclear, however, whether these abnormalities are attributable to the disease itself, associated infections, or possible cardiotoxic effects of the most commonly used treatment, zidovudine. Methods. We performed echocardiography in 24 children with symptomatic HIV infection immediately before they started zidovudine therapy and a mean of 1.32 years after therapy began. Sixteen of these children were also studied a mean of 1.26 years before starting zidovudine treatment. Comparison groups included 27 age-matched children with symptomatic HIV infection ...
https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cardiac-structure-and-function-in-children-with-human-immunodefic
Zidovudine (AZT, |i|Retrovir|/i|) | aidsmapZidovudine (AZT, |i|Retrovir|/i|) | aidsmap
Other side-effects occasionally reported from zidovudine include rashes, severe muscle pain and inflammation, nausea, insomnia, nail discoloration, and kidney disorders. These toxicities are more severe and more common in people with damaged immune systems.. When first prescribed, zidovudine was given in high doses, which commonly caused severe side-effects. Recommended doses are now much lower, and as a result, side-effects have lessened.. Zidovudine may damage the bone marrow, the substance in the body that produces blood cells. People with more advanced HIV infection are more likely to suffer blood deficiencies such as anaemia (low levels of red blood cells) or neutropenia (low levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell).[ref] In combination with other risk factors for anaemia, such as other medications and opportunistic infections, taking zidovudine may result in more severe side-effects.. A recent meta-analysis of 54 trials of zidovudine, funded by GlaxoSmithKline, concluded that ...
https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/arv-background-information/zidovudine-azt-retrovir
Zidovudine Concentration in Brain Extracellular Fluid Measured by Microdialysis: Steady-State and Transient Results in Rhesus...Zidovudine Concentration in Brain Extracellular Fluid Measured by Microdialysis: Steady-State and Transient Results in Rhesus...
Microdialysis is a minimally invasive sampling technique that can be used to continuously monitor drug concentrations in the ECF of tissues that are accessible to microdialysis probe placement. The free drug concentration at the site of drug action in tissues is a critical determinant of the intensity of the drugs effect, and therefore monitoring tissue free drug concentration may be more informative than monitoring plasma drug concentrations.. We compared microdialysis sampling from blood and tissues to conventional sampling methods in a nonhuman primate model at steady state during a continuous infusion of zidovudine and after a bolus dose of zidovudine. The pharmacology of this nucleoside analog has been previously characterized in our animal model and the CSF penetration was 0.21 (Klecker et al., 1987; Collins et al., 1988; Balis et al., 1989). Zidovudine (mol. wt., 267) is well tolerated, lipophilic, and minimally protein bound, and a sensitive and specific assay for its detection and ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/301/3/1003.full
Combination and Monotherapy with Zidovudine and Zalcitabine in Patients with Advanced HIV Disease | Annals of Internal Medicine...Combination and Monotherapy with Zidovudine and Zalcitabine in Patients with Advanced HIV Disease | Annals of Internal Medicine...
Results:. The median follow-up time was 17.7 months. The estimated 12-month event-free rates were 70%, 67%, and 73%, respectively, for the zidovudine, zalcitabine, and combination groups (P =0.26). A trend analysis showed significantly lower progression rates for combination therapy compared with zidovudine therapy as the pretreatment CD4 cell count increased (P = 0.027). For patients with 150 or more CD4 cells/mm3, those receiving combination therapy were less likely to have disease progression or to die than were those receiving zidovudine (relative risk, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.93; P = 0.029). We observed no difference between the zalcitabine and zidovudine groups (relative risk, 0.74; CI, 0.40 to 1.36; P = 0.33). For patients with 50 to 150 CD4 cells/mm3 or fewer than 50 CD4 cells/mm3, we found no differences among the treatment groups (P = 0.69 and P = 0.57, respectively). Severe toxic effects occurred less frequently among patients with 150 or more CD4 cells/mm3. ...
https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/708309/combination-monotherapy-zidovudine-zalcitabine-patients-advanced-hiv-disease
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Zidovudine | Pediatric ARV | AIDSinfo
Perinatal trial PACTG 076 established that zidovudine prophylaxis given during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, and to the newborn reduced risk of perinatal transmission of HIV by nearly 70%28 (see the Perinatal Guidelines for further discussion on the use of zidovudine for the prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV). Zidovudine 4 mg/kg body weight every 12 hours (prophylactic dose) is recommended for neonates/infants ≥35 weeks gestation for prevention of transmission (see the Perinatal Guidelines). Infants who are HIV-exposed but uninfected should be continued on the prophylactic dose for 4 to 6 weeks depending on assessment of risk for perinatal transmission and gestational age at time of delivery (see Perinatal Guidelines). For full-term neonates who are diagnosed with HIV, the zidovudine dose should be increased at age 4 weeks to the continuation dose (see dosing table). The activity of the enzymes responsible for glucuronidation is low at birth and increases dramatically over the ...
https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/2/pediatric-arv-guidelines/121/zidovudine
Nail Pigmentation Changes Associated with Azidothymidine (Zidovudine) | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of...Nail Pigmentation Changes Associated with Azidothymidine (Zidovudine) | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of...
Azidothymidine (now zidovudine; Retrovir, Burroughs Wellcome Company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) is an agent that appears to be efficacious in the treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in patients with a history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (1). Information on the type and frequency of side effects with this agent, however, is limited (2, 3). We noted progressive pigmentation of all ten fingernails in two black patients after they had received azidothymidine orally at a dose of 200 mg every 4 hours for 2 to 6 weeks. Neither patient was receiving any other drug.. A 36-year-old black woman with a history of P. carinii pneumonia after infection with human immunodeficiency virus began receiving azidothymidine in oral doses of 200 mg every 4 hours according to the Burroughs Wellcome Azidothymidine Treatment Investigational New Drug Protocol. Six weeks later the patient went to an emergency room for evaluation of cyanosis after having noted a darkened bluish ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/702129/nail-pigmentation-changes-associated-azidothymidine-zidovudine
3 -azidothymidine significantly alters glycosphingolipid synthesis in melanoma cells and decreases the shedding of...3 -azidothymidine significantly alters glycosphingolipid synthesis in melanoma cells and decreases the shedding of...
3 -azidothymidine significantly alters glycosphingolipid synthesis in melanoma cells and decreases the shedding of gangliosides Journal Article ...
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A Study of Three Drugs Plus Zidovudine in the Prevention of Infections in HIV-Infected Patients - Full Text View -...A Study of Three Drugs Plus Zidovudine in the Prevention of Infections in HIV-Infected Patients - Full Text View -...
To evaluate and compare 3 anti-pneumocystis regimens plus zidovudine (AZT) in persons with HIV infection and T4 cell count less than 200 cells/mm3. All persons completing at least 8 weeks of therapy on 081 will be offered the opportunity to participate in the nested study (ACTG 981) of systemic antifungal therapy (fluconazole) versus local therapy (Clotrimazole) for the prevention of serious fungal disease.. Persons with HIV disease who are receiving AZT are at risk for PCP, toxoplasmosis, bacterial pneumonia, and other serious infections. It is therefore important to find drugs that can be given along with AZT to control these infections. Aerosolized pentamidine (PEN) has been shown to be useful in preventing PCP and is expected to lower the 2-year risk of PCP. Both sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) and dapsone probably also provide effective preventive treatment against PCP, and both may be useful in preventing toxoplasmosis and extrapulmonary pneumocystosis. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00000991?order=11
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Trial of Maraviroc (UK-427,857) in Combination With Zidovudine/Lamivudine Versus Efavirenz in Combination With Zidovudine...Trial of Maraviroc (UK-427,857) in Combination With Zidovudine/Lamivudine Versus Efavirenz in Combination With Zidovudine...
Placebo matched to maraviroc 300 mg tablet orally twice daily and efavirenz 600 mg tablet orally once daily in the evening co-administered with combination therapy containing zidovudine 300 mg and lamivudine 150 mg (combivir [CBV]) tablet orally twice daily, during the DB phase. DB phase nominally ended at last participants Week 96 visit. Efavirenz 600 mg tablet orally once daily in the evening co-administered with combination therapy containing zidovudine 300 mg and lamivudine 150 mg (combivir [CBV]) tablet orally twice daily, during the OL phase. OL phase continued for at least 3 years after DB phase ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT00098293?sect=X6015&view=results
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Suppression of HIV infection in AZT-treated SCID-hu mice | ScienceSuppression of HIV infection in AZT-treated SCID-hu mice | Science
The SCID-hu mouse, engrafted with human hematolymphoid organs, is permissive for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This mouse model was used to test compounds for antiviral efficacy. Two weeks after infection with HIV, 100 percent (40/40) of SCID-hu mice were positive for HIV by the polymerase chain reaction. When first treated with 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine (AZT), none (0/17) were HIV-positive by this assay. However, AZT-treated SCID-hu mice did have a few infected cells; after AZT treatment was stopped, viral spread was detected by polymerase chain reaction in such mice. Thus, the SCID-hu mouse provides a means to directly compare new antiviral compounds with AZT and to further improve antiviral efficacy. ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/247/4942/564
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zidovudine (injection) | PeaceHealthzidovudine (injection) | PeaceHealth
Zidovudine is an antiviral medicine that prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from multiplying in your body. Zidovudine is used to treat HIV, the virus that can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Zidovudine is also given during pregnancy to prevent an HIV-infected woman from passing the virus to her...
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Zidovudine prophylaxis after accidental exposure to HIV : the Italian experience. | Base documentaire | BDSP
Objectives: To evaluate the use of zidovudine prophylaxis in HIV-exposed health-care workers HCW in Italy and to determine its short-term toxicity. Design: Longitudinal, open study with retrospective and prospective collection of data. Setting: All Italian clinical centres that care for HIV-infected patients and are licensed by the Ministry of...
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Therapeutic Effects of Zidovudine on Cats Infected with Retrovirus - WSAVA2002 - VINTherapeutic Effects of Zidovudine on Cats Infected with Retrovirus - WSAVA2002 - VIN
OBJECTIVES. The main objective of this project was to assess the therapeutic effect of Zidovudine (AZT) on cats infected with either FIV or FeLV at late but not terminal stages of the respective diseases.. MATERIALS. The clinical trial was started with 10 FIV-infected cats (group 1), 3 FeLV-infected cats (group 2) and 15 healthy FIV/FeLV negative cats (control group). The control group was used just for techniques standardization, i.e., Flow Cytometry. Diagnosis was performed by ELISA, detecting p27 antigen for FeLV or antibodies for FIV, in whole blood samples. A nested PCR was standarized to confirm FIV status. Treatment with AZT was attempted at an oral dose of 5 mg/Kg, TID during 5 weeks with resting intervals of 4 weeks. The patients follow up was done weekly, including clinical check up, hemogram, plasmatic globulin dosage and evaluation of CD4/CD8 rate by means of flow cytometry. During therapeutic phase AZT was the only drug used on study groups.. RESULTS. The FIV (+) study group ...
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Take Retrovir exactly as prescribed by your doctor. The recommended dose when treating adults (age 18 years and older) with HIV or AIDS is 200 mg three times daily or 300 mg twice daily. For children aged 3 months to 12 years the dosage is based on body size. The maximum dose for children in this age range is 200 mg three times daily (or 300 mg twice daily). If you have kidney disease, your doctor may recommend a lower dosage. Take this medication by mouth with a full glass of water. You can take Retrovir with or without food. Take this medication 2 hours before or after taking clarithromycin. Clarithromycin may prevent your body from fully absorbing zidovudine ...
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RCSB PDB - 3KLG: Crystal structure of AZT-resistant HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase crosslinked to pre-translocation AZTMP...RCSB PDB - 3KLG: Crystal structure of AZT-resistant HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase crosslinked to pre-translocation AZTMP...
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Shorter AZT Treatment Reduces Mother To Child HIV Transmission As Well As Longer Treatment But For Less Cost
A shorter course of AZT therapy than currently prescribed for HIV-infected pregnant women may allow women in developing countries to afford the treatment that can reduce their babies chances of contracting AIDS, but at a much lower cost, according to a study in the October 5 New England Journal of Medicine. The study, conducted by researchers from Thailand, France, and the United States, showed that transmission of HIV from a mother to her child can be reduced with shorter treatments of the drug AZT (zidovudine) at 1/5 the usual cost (in U.S. dollars). The study was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the Fogarty International Center, both of the National Institutes of Health. This is a large step forward in reducing pediatric AIDS, said Duane Alexander, M.D., Director of the NICHD. The less-expensive alternative could provide millions of women with treatment that could spare thousands of babies from being infected with the AIDS virus. Of the ...
http://www.vidyya.com/archives/1005_2.htm
Higher placental anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine expression in HIV-1 infected women receiving longer zidovudine prophylaxis...Higher placental anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine expression in HIV-1 infected women receiving longer zidovudine prophylaxis...
Link to Pubmed [PMID] - 19275589. Curr. HIV Res. 2009 Mar;7(2):211-7. Placental cytokine balance may be critical for the control of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. We assessed whether the type and duration of antiretrovirals used for prevention of HIV-1-MTCT modified the inflammatory cytokine profile. We investigated the levels of cytokine expression in the placentas of 61 HIV-1-infected women who received zidovudine (ZDV) plus single dose nevirapine (SD-NVP) or ZDV only for prevention of MTCT. Placentas of 38 HIV-1-uninfected women were included as controls. All placentas were obtained after vaginal delivery. Levels of mRNA and cytokine expression were quantified using real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively, in placental explants and 24-hour culture supernatants and analyzed in relation to the womens characteristics and the type and duration of antiretroviral prophylaxis. HIV-1-infected and uninfected women did not show any differences in the expression of placental cytokine ...
https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/higher-placental-anti-inflammatory-il-10-cytokine-expression-in-hiv-1-infected-women-receiving-longer-zidovudine-prophylaxis-associated-with-nevirapine/
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Zidovudine is a medication used to treat HIV, originally marketed under the brand name Retrovir. Generic versions of zidovudine are now available too.
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Polbase - Reference: Primer unblocking and rescue of DNA synthesis by azidothymidine (AZT)-resistant HIV-1 reverse...
Primer unblocking and rescue of DNA synthesis by azidothymidine (AZT)-resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: comparison between initiation and elongation of reverse transcription and between (-) and (+) strand DNA synthesis.
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Zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus selected by passage in cell culture. | Journal of VirologyZidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus selected by passage in cell culture. | Journal of Virology
Variants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with reduced sensitivity to zidovudine (3-azido-3-deoxythymidine) have been selected by passage of virus in cell culture in the presence of drug. Wild-type, sensitive virus became partially resistant to zidovudine by passage 12 (50% inhibitory dose values measured in HeLa CD4+ cells increased from 0.014 to 0.2 microM), and genetic analysis using the polymerase chain reaction revealed that mutations in the reverse transcriptase coding region identical to those seen in clinical isolates from treated individuals had occurred. The order of appearance of these resistance mutations in passaged virus was also similar to that in clinical isolates. The partially resistant strain, HIVRTMC/F, became highly zidovudine resistant by passage 12 (50% inhibitory dose values increased from 0.4 to 2.5 microM during passages 7 to 11). Nucleotide sequence analysis of the reverse transcriptase from this variant revealed a novel amino acid substitution (Lys----Glu) at ...
https://jvi.asm.org/content/65/10/5232?ijkey=4445acd555c1ef8ef3e6214070fa8279ed7a3ec3&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
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Efficacy of zidovudine and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hyperimmune immunoglobulin for reducing perinatal HIV...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Efficacy of zidovudine and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hyperimmune immunoglobulin for reducing perinatal HIV transmission from HIV- infected women with advanced disease. T2 - Results of pediatric AIDS clinical trials group protocol 185. AU - Stiehm, E. Richard. AU - Lambert, John S.. AU - Mofenson, Lynne M.. AU - Bethel, James. AU - Whitehouse, Jean. AU - Nugent, Robert. AU - John, Moye. AU - Fowler, Mary Glenn. AU - Mathieson, Bonnie J.. AU - Reichelderfer, Patricia. AU - Nemo, George J.. AU - Korelitz, James. AU - Meyer, William A.. AU - Sapan, Christine V.. AU - Jimenez, Eleanor. AU - Gandia, Jorge. AU - Scott, Gwendolyn. AU - OSullivan, Mary Jo. AU - Kovacs, Andrea. AU - Stek, Alice. AU - Shearer, William T.. AU - Hammill, Hunter. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 185 evaluated whether zidovudine combined with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hyperimmune ...
https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/efficacy-of-zidovudine-and-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-hyper
Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine maintenance after standard induction in antiretroviral therapy-naive patients: FREE randomized...Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine maintenance after standard induction in antiretroviral therapy-naive patients: FREE randomized...
Maintenance with a triple nucleoside reverse transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) regimen after successful induction with a dual NRTI/protease inhibitor (PI) combination may be advantageous, because of low pill burden, favorable lipids, and less drug interactions. This strategy to become free of PI-related problems without losing viral efficacy has not been formally tested. We performed a randomized, open-label, multicenter, 96-week comparative study in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients with CD4 <or=350 cells/mm(3) and HIV-1 RNA concentrations (viral load [VL]) greater than 30,000 copies per milliliter. Patients were randomized after reaching VL less than 50 copies per milliliter on two consecutive occasions between 12 and 24 weeks after start of zidovudine/lamuvidine and lopinavir/ritonavir combination. Eligible subjects switched to abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine (TZV) or continued the PI-containing regimen. Here we present the 48-week data with virologic success rate (failure: VL > ...
http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/87228
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Zidovudine-induced reversible pure red cell aplasia<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Zidovudine-induced reversible pure red cell aplasia. AU - Balakrishnan, Anuja. AU - Valsalan, Rohith. AU - Sheshadri, Shubha. AU - Pandit, Vinay R.. AU - Medep, Vikas. AU - Agrawal, Ravindra Kumar. PY - 2010/5/1. Y1 - 2010/5/1. N2 - Hematological abnormalities are frequent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and may be directly attributable to the virus or may be caused by opportunistic infections, neoplasms or drugs that cause bone marrow suppression or hemolysis. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is an uncommon hematological disorder that causes anemia. We report a 37-year-old male with HIV infection who developed PRCA 6 weeks after commencing Zidovudine and recovered following cessation of the drug. This is the first case of Zidovudine-induced PRCA reported from the Indian subcontinent.. AB - Hematological abnormalities are frequent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and may be directly attributable to the virus or may be caused by ...
https://manipal.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/zidovudine-induced-reversible-pure-red-cell-aplasia
A phase i/ii trial of zidovudine, interferon-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of human...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A phase i/ii trial of zidovudine, interferon-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. AU - Davey, Richard T.. AU - Davey, Victoria J.. AU - Metcalf, Julia A.. AU - Zurlo, John J.. AU - Kovacs, Joseph A.. AU - Falloon, Judith. AU - Polis, Michael A.. AU - Zunich, Kathryn M.. AU - Masur, Henry. AU - Lane, H. Clifford. PY - 1991/1/1. Y1 - 1991/1/1. N2 - Twenty-four patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) who had CD4+ counts of 0.2-0.5 X 109 cells/l received granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in combination with zidovudine plus escalating doses of daily subcutaneous inter- feron-a. Mean neutropenia-inducing doses of interferon-α were 9.4 X 106 and 10.6 X 106 IU/day for groups receiving 100 or 200 mg zidovudine every 4 h, respectively. Mean GM-CSF doses used to reverse neutropenia were 0.64 and 0.63 μg/kg/day for these two groups, respectively, ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-phase-iii-trial-of-zidovudine-interferon-%CE%B1-and-granulocyte-macr
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Maternal characteristics associated with antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal zidovudine use in four U.S. cities, 1994-1998<...Maternal characteristics associated with antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal zidovudine use in four U.S. cities, 1994-1998<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Maternal characteristics associated with antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal zidovudine use in four U.S. cities, 1994-1998. AU - Orloff, Sherry L.. AU - Bulterys, Marc. AU - Vink, Peter. AU - Nesheim, Steven. AU - Abrams, Elaine J.. AU - Schoenbaum, Ellie. AU - Palumbo, Paul. AU - Steketee, Richard W.. AU - Simonds, R. J.. PY - 2001/9/1. Y1 - 2001/9/1. N2 - Objectives: To evaluate implementation of 1994 United States Public Health Service guidelines for zidovudine (ZDV) use in HIV-infected women and their newborns by describing the prevalence of use of perinatal ZDV and other antiretrovirals and by investigating determinants of not receiving perinatal ZDV. Design/Methods: The Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study is a prospective cohort study designed to collect information related to mother-to-child HIV transmission that was conducted in New York City (NY), Newark (NJ), Baltimore (MD), and Atlanta (GA), U.S.A. The current analysis was restricted to infants born ...
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This page of the eMedTV Web site describes in detail how lamivudine/zidovudine works to treat HIV/AIDS and keep the virus from spreading. It also covers whether this drug can be given to children and if it is ever prescribed for off-label reasons.
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Rapid accumulation of HIV-1 thymidine analogue mutations and phenotypic impact following prolonged viral failure on zidovudine...
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
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OBJECTIVE--To assess the incidence of the AIDS dementia complex and the presence of HIV I p24 antigen in cerebrospinal fluid in relation to zidovudine treatment. DESIGN--Retrospective study of a consecutive series of patients with AIDS from 1982 to 1988. SETTING--An academic centre for AIDS. PATIENTS--196 Patients with AIDS and neurological symptoms examined from 1982 to 1988. INTERVENTIONS--Zidovudine treatment, which was introduced to The Netherlands on 1 May 1987 for patients with severe symptoms of HIV infection (Centers for Disease Control groups IVA, B, C, and D). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Diagnosis of AIDS dementia complex and presence of HIV I p24 antigen in cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS--The AIDS dementia complex was diagnosed in 40 of the 196 (20%) patients with AIDS. Thirty eight of 107 patients with AIDS (36%) not taking zidovudine developed the AIDS dementia complex compared with two of the 89 (2%) taking the drug (p less than 0.00001). The incidence of the AIDS dementia complex ...
http://www.bmj.com/content/299/6703/819
Program advisory : use of zidovudine (ZDV) to reduce perinatal HIV transmission in HRSA-funded programs - Denver Public Library
div class=citation vocab=http://schema.org/,,i class=fa fa-external-link-square fa-fw,,/i, Data from ,span resource=http://link.denverlibrary.org/portal/Program-advisory--use-of-zidovudine-ZDV-to/kyKYBjJkPaM/ typeof=CreativeWork http://bibfra.me/vocab/lite/Item,,span property=name http://bibfra.me/vocab/lite/label,,a href=http://link.denverlibrary.org/portal/Program-advisory--use-of-zidovudine-ZDV-to/kyKYBjJkPaM/,Program advisory : use of zidovudine (ZDV) to reduce perinatal HIV transmission in HRSA-funded programs,/a,,/span, - ,span property=offers typeOf=Offer,,span property=offeredBy typeof=Library ll:Library resource=http://link.denverlibrary.org/#_default,,span property=name http://bibfra.me/vocab/lite/label,,a property=url href=http://link.denverlibrary.org/,Denver Public Library,/a,,/span,,/span,,/span,,/span,,/div ...
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Amdoxovir plus Zidovudine Demonstrates Potent Antiviral Activity in HIV-Infected Patients - Drugs.com MedNewsAmdoxovir plus Zidovudine Demonstrates Potent Antiviral Activity in HIV-Infected Patients - Drugs.com MedNews
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The bioequivalence of formulations is usually evaluated in healthy adult volunteers. In our study in 19 HIV-1-infected Ugandan children (1.8-4 years of age, weight 12 to 15 kg) receiving zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir solutions twice a day for 24 weeks, the use of scored tablets allowed comparison of plasma pharmacokinetics of oral solutions vs. tablets. Samples were collected 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after each childs last morning dose of oral solution before changing to scored tablets of Combivir (coformulated zidovudine + lamivudine) and abacavir; this was repeated 4 weeks later. Dose-normalized area under curve (AUC)0-12 and peak concentration (Cmax) for the tablet formulation were bioequivalent with those of the oral solution with respect to zidovudine and abacavir (e.g., dose-normalized geometric mean ratio (dnGMR) (tablet:solution) for zidovudine and abacavir AUC0-12 were 1.01 (90% confidence interval (CI) 0.87-1.18) and 0.96 (0.83-1.12), respectively). However, lamivudine ...
https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs/pharmacokinetics-of-antiretroviral-drug-varies-with-formulation-in-the-target-population-of-children-with-hiv-1
Alternating treatment with didanosine and zidovudine versus either drug alone for the treatment of advanced HIV infection: The...
Alternating treatment with didanosine and zidovudine versus either drug alone for the treatment of advanced HIV infection: The ALTER study ...
https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/alternating-treatment-with-didanosine-and-zidovudine-versus-either-drug-alone-for-the-treatment-of-advanced-hiv-infection-the-alter-study
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The combination of arsenic, interferon-alpha, and zidovudine restores an immunocompetent-like micro-environment in patients...
Ghada Kchour, Sa Rahim Rezaee, Reza Farid, Akram Ghantous, Houshang Rafatpana, et al.. The combination of arsenic, interferon-alpha, and zidovudine restores an immunocompetent-like micro-environment in patients with adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma. Retrovirology, BioMed Central, 2014, 11 (Suppl 1), pp.O4. ⟨inserm-00924965⟩ ...
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ZidovudineZidovudine
"Retrovir- zidovudine capsule Retrovir- zidovudine solution Retrovir- zidovudine injection, solution". DailyMed. Retrieved ... It is sold both by itself and together as lamivudine/zidovudine and abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine. It can be used by mouth or ... Zidovudine was first described in 1964. It was approved in the United States in 1987 and was the first treatment for HIV. It is ... Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), is an antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zidovudine
List of antiviral drugsList of antiviral drugs
"Zidovudine". PubChem Public Chemical Database. NCBI. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2011. ...
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Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances ActBrazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
ZIDOVUDINE (AZT) 1. DIODROEPIANDROSTERONE (DHEA) 2. ESTANOZOLOL 3. FLUOXIMESTERONE OR FLUOXIMETHYLTESTOSTERONE 4. MESTEROLONE 5 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act
Thymidine kinaseThymidine kinase
In zidovudine (AZT; ATC:J05AF01) the 3'-hydroxyl group has been replaced by an azido group, in stavudine (ATC: J05AF04) it has ... Sun R, Eriksson S, Wang L (November 2014). "Zidovudine induces downregulation of mitochondrial deoxynucleoside kinases: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymidine_kinase
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infectionMycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection
The Zidovudine Epidemiology Study Group". Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 146 (2): 285-9. doi:10.1164/ajrccm/146.2.285. PMID 1362634. ... Mycobacterium avium-complex infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease treated with zidovudine. ...
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Nucleoside triphosphateNucleoside triphosphate
"Zidovudine Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com". Drugs.com. Retrieved 30 November 2017. Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoside_triphosphate
Discovery and development of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitorsDiscovery and development of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
This was the NRTI called zidovudine. In the late 1980s, during further development of NRTIs, the field of NNRTIs discovery ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_non-nucleoside_reverse-transcriptase_inhibitors
John G. BartlettJohn G. Bartlett
"Zidovudine in Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection". New England Journal of Medicine. 322 (14): 941-949. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Bartlett
Organic azideOrganic azide
The antiviral drug zidovudine (AZT) contains an azido group. Some organic azides are classified as highly explosive and toxic. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_azide
Jerome HorwitzJerome Horwitz
Zidovudine was initially developed as a treatment for cancer. Horwitz was also first to synthesize stavudine (d4T) and ... Horwitz synthesized a compound that was to become known as zidovudine (AZT) - an antiviral drug used to treat HIV patients; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Horwitz
Douglas RichmanDouglas Richman
Larder, B; Darby, G; Richman, DD (1989). "HIV with reduced sensitivity to zidovudine isolated during prolonged therapy". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Richman
ValproateValproate
Zidovudine: valproate may increase zidovudine serum concentration and lead to toxicity. Although the mechanism of action of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valproate
Catherine WilfertCatherine Wilfert
After 1993, using zidovudine during pregnancy led to an estimated reduction of mother-to-infant transmission of HIV in the ... "Zidovudine for the Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mother to Infant". 43 (16). 29 April 1994: 285-287. {{cite journal}}: ... Years into the AIDS epidemic there had not been any medication to treat HIV infection, but when zidovudine was approved, " ... France started the clinical trial of zidovudine (AZT) in HIV-infected pregnant women otherwise known as "ACTG protocol 076". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Wilfert
HIV associated cardiomyopathyHIV associated cardiomyopathy
Cardiac dysfunction in the HIV-1 transgenic mouse treated with zidovudine. Lab Invest 2000;80:187-97. Lewis W, Simpson JF, ... Cardiac mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma is inhibited competitively and noncompetitively by phosphorylated zidovudine. Circ ... Zidovudine is an example of a nucleoside analogue and has been shown to cause: myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy as well ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_associated_cardiomyopathy
Concentrative nucleoside transporterConcentrative nucleoside transporter
It also transports the anti-viral nucleoside analogues Zidovudine and Zalcitabine. Che M, Ortiz DF, Arias IM (Jun 1995). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrative_nucleoside_transporter
Lawrence CoreyLawrence Corey
Combination therapy with zidovudine and didanosine compared to zidovudine alone in HIV-1 infection. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Oct 15 ... Zidovudine in Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection - A Controlled Trial in Persons with Fewer Than 500 CD4- ... Zidovudine in Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection - A Controlled Trial in Persons with Fewer Than 500 CD4- ... Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection with saquinavir, zidovudine, and zalcitabine. N Engl J Med. 1996 Apr 18;334 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Corey
Treatment as preventionTreatment as prevention
Research in 1994 revealed how the drug zidovudine can reduce vertical transmission. The testing and treatment of HIV-positive ... "Reduction of Maternal-Infant Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 with Zidovudine Treatment". New England ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_as_prevention
ClarithromycinClarithromycin
August 1997). "Clarithromycin lowers plasma zidovudine levels in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarithromycin
South East EnglandSouth East England
AZT/Retrovir (zidovudine) was first manufactured by Wellcome in 1987 in Kent; they also introduced Zovirax (aciclovir), and the ...
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Reverse-transcriptase inhibitorReverse-transcriptase inhibitor
Zidovudine, also called AZT, ZDV, and azidothymidine, has the trade name Retrovir. Zidovudine was the first antiretroviral drug ... A virus with Q151M alone is intermediately resistant to zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddI), zalcitabine (ddC), stavudine (d4T ... 1994). "Combination therapy with zidovudine and didanosine selects for drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ... zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T) Cytidine analogues: zalcitabine (ddC), lamivudine (3TC), and emtricitabine (FTC) Guanosine ...
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DidanosineDidanosine
Its FDA approval helped bring down the price of zidovudine (ZDV), the initial anti-HIV drug. [Source needed on pricing effect ... Drug resistance to didanosine does develop, though slower than to zidovudine (ZDV). The most common mutation observed in vivo ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didanosine
Organic anion transporter 1Organic anion transporter 1
Since stavudine and zidovudine are OAT1 substrates, they may have similar effects on proximal renal tubule cells as they do on ... Combining zidovudine with stavudine does not increase the mitochondrial toxicity compared to stavudine alone. Both of these ... Zidovudine inhibits the phosphorylation of stavudine. This might reduce the toxicity of the combination. Using indinavir in ... In vitro the antiviral drugs didanosine and zidovudine are more potent inhibitors of mitochondrial DNA synthesis than tenofovir ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_anion_transporter_1
NevirapineNevirapine
A short course of maternal Lamivudine/zidovudine is recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service Task Force to reduce this ... A subsequent study in Thailand showed that prophylaxis with single-dose nevirapine in addition to zidovudine is more effective ... Guay LA, Musoke P, Fleming T (Sep 1999). "Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for ... Conway B, Wainberg MA, Hall D (Jul 2001). "Development of drug resistance in patients receiving combinations of zidovudine, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevirapine
AZT (disambiguation)AZT (disambiguation)
AZT (azidothymidine) or zidovudine is an antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV/AIDS. AZT or azt may also refer to: Azerbaijan ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZT_(disambiguation)
ProtideProtide
In particular, diaryl phosphates were prepared from zidovudine (AZT) using simple phosphorochloridate chemistry. For the first ...
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The first nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor with in vitro anti-HIV activity was zidovudine. Since zidovudine was ... However, zidovudine is relatively toxic since it is converted into the triphosphate by the cellular enzymes and therefore it is ... In 1964 zidovudine (AZT) was synthesized by Horwitz at the Michigan Cancer Foundation. The 3´hydroxyl group in the deoxyribose ... In 1974 zidovudine was reported to have activity against retroviruses and was subsequently re-screened as an antiviral when the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_nucleoside_and_nucleotide_reverse-transcriptase_inhibitors
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... /zidovudine (with zidovudine) Abacavir/lamivudine (with abacavir) Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine (with zidovudine and ... Do not prescribe lamivudine/zidovudine, abacavir/lamivudine, or abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine to patients taking emtricitabine ... Lamivudine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on November 17, 1995, for use with zidovudine (AZT) and again ... Lamivudine is often given in combination with zidovudine, with which it is highly synergistic. Lamivudine treatment has been ...
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RibavirinRibavirin
Alvarez D, Dieterich DT, Brau N, Moorehead L, Ball L, Sulkowski MS (October 2006). "Zidovudine use but not weight-based ... Ribavirin should not be given with zidovudine because of the increased risk of anemia; concurrent use with didanosine should ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribavirin
Declaration of HelsinkiDeclaration of Helsinki
Critics claimed that the Zidovudine trials in developing countries were in breach of this because Zidovudine was now the best ... This was a placebo controlled trial which showed a reduction of nearly 70% in the risk of transmission, and Zidovudine became a ... The AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study 076 of 100 Zidovudine in maternal-infant transmission of HIV had been published in ... "Reduction of Maternal-Infant Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 with Zidovudine Treatment". New England ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Helsinki
List of Wayne State University peopleList of Wayne State University people
Zidovudine; synthesized Zalcitabine (ddC) and Stavudine (d4T), the third and fourth drugs approved to treat AIDS Adrian ...
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Zidovudine: MedlinePlus Drug InformationZidovudine: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Zidovudine: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Zidovudine is given to HIV-positive pregnant women to reduce the chance of passing the infection to the baby. Zidovudine is in ... Zidovudine controls HIV infection but does not cure it. Continue to take zidovudine even if you feel well. Do not stop taking ... Before taking zidovudine,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to zidovudine, any other medications, or any of ...
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Safety and tolerability of zidovudine  WHO Initiative on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections (‎World Health ...
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Birth Outcomes Following Zidovudine Therapy in Pregnant WomenBirth Outcomes Following Zidovudine Therapy in Pregnant Women
... Approximately 100,000 childbearing-aged women in the United ... Zidovudine for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to infant. MMWR 1994;43:285-7. ... In January 1989, the Zidovudine in Pregnancy Registry was established by the Wellcome Foundation, in conjunction with CDC, and ... In January 1993, the Zidovudine in Pregnancy Registry was expanded to include zalcitabine and became the Antiretroviral ...
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Occupational exposure (HIV) include zidovudine postexposure useOccupational exposure (HIV) include zidovudine postexposure use
ZIDOVUDINE. Background. Toxicity. Studies of Zidovudine Postexposure Prophylaxis Involving Animals. Studies of Zidovudine ... ZIDOVUDINE. Background. Zidovudine is a thymidine analogue that has been shown in vitro to inhibit replication of some ... Studies of Zidovudine Postexposure Prophylaxis Involving Humans. The efficacy of zidovudine prophylaxis for humans after ... Both the protective effect of zidovudine and the incidence of zidovudine-induced bone marrow depression were greater with ...
https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000273/p0000273.asp
Intestinal Malabsorption and Zidovudine Bioavailability : JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromesIntestinal Malabsorption and Zidovudine Bioavailability : JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
... ... Intestinal Malabsorption and Zidovudine Bioavailability JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes18(1):91-92, May 1 ... Intestinal Malabsorption and Zidovudine Bioavailability. Guarino, Alfredo; Albano, Fabio; Castaldo, Annunziata; Spagnuolo, ...
https://journals.lww.com/jaids/Citation/1998/05010/Intestinal_Malabsorption_and_Zidovudine.16.aspx
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Lamivudine/Zidovudine ViiV : Lamivudine / Zidovudine GSK-H-W-672-II-0011 - Scientific discussion (PDF/699.04 KB) First ... Lamivudine / Zidovudine ViiV (previously Lamivudine / Zidovudine GSK): Opinion on medicine for use outside EU. ... 17/09/2015 Lamivudine / Zidovudine ViiV (previously Lamivudine / Zidovudine GSK) H-W-672-WS-0755 ... Lamivudine/Zidovudine ViiV : Medicine overview (PDF/201.94 KB) First published: 28/04/2009 Last updated: 21/12/2015 EMA/629356/ ...
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Zidovudine: Belongs to the class of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Used in the systemic treatment ... lamivudine and zidovudine).. Distribution: All crosses blood-brain barrier; lamivudine and zidovudine also cross the placenta ... J05AF01 - zidovudine ; Belongs to the class of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Used in the systemic ... McEvoy GK, Snow EK, Miller J et al (eds). Zidovudine. AHFS Drug Information (AHFS DI) [online]. American Society of Health- ...
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Haematological Safety of Perinatal Zidovudine in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women in Thailand: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized...Haematological Safety of Perinatal Zidovudine in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women in Thailand: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized...
Zidovudine had no negative impact on the absolute lymphocyte counts. Conclusion: Zidovudine initiated at 28 wk gestation rather ... Haematological Safety of Perinatal Zidovudine in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women in Thailand: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized ... The evolution of haematological parameters was estimated between 26 and 35 wk (zidovudine/placebo) and between 35 wk and ... This result provides reassurance about the safety of early initiation of zidovudine prophylaxis during pregnancy to maximize ...
https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/4891654
Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Zidovudine in Patients With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease<...
Zidovudine Epidemiology Study Group (1991). Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Zidovudine in Patients With Advanced Human ... Zidovudine Epidemiology Study Group 1991, Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Zidovudine in Patients With Advanced Human ... Zidovudine Epidemiology Study Group. Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Zidovudine in Patients With Advanced Human ... Zidovudine Epidemiology Study Group. / Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Zidovudine in Patients With Advanced Human ...
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Zidovudine (AZT) answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, ... zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz for HIV. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(3):251-60. [PMID:16421366]. Comment: 509 treatment-nave ... Zidovudine (AZT) is a sample topic from the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. To view other topics, please log in or purchase a ... "Zidovudine (AZT)." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2022. Johns Hopkins Guide, www.hopkinsguides.com/ ...
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300mgLamivudine and zidovudineRetrovirTabletsCombivirTabletTake zidovudineAntiretroviralInfectionPregnant womenAbacavirAIDSMedicationsPregnancyAdherenceZalcitabineGenericEfficacyMetabolismVersusRegimenTreatmentDamage to the liverPharmaceuticalsAbstractDosesCompositionHttpsPreventionTimeResponsePriceStock
300mg1
  • Duovir tablets contain a combination the active ingredients lamivudine (150mg) and zidovudine (300mg), which are antiretroviral drugs that are used to treat HIV infection. (inhousepharmacy.vu)
Lamivudine and zidovudine11
  • Dose adjustment may be necessary, separate preparations of abacavir, lamivudine and zidovudine should be administered. (mims.com)
  • Abacavir, lamivudine and zidovudine are all nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. (mims.com)
  • approx 1 hr (lamivudine and zidovudine). (mims.com)
  • lamivudine and zidovudine also cross the placenta and are distributed into breast milk. (mims.com)
  • Abacavir, lamivudine and zidovudine are metabolised by intracellular kinase to carbovir triphosphate (active triphosphate form of abacavir), lamivudine triphosphate and zidovudine triphosphate, respectively. (mims.com)
  • PAXLOVID consists of 2 medicines: nirmatrelvir and ritonavir.Do not stop taking lamivudine and zidovudine without talking to your doctor.The client asks why she has to take both medications, which explanation should the nurse provide?Patient Drug Interactions Source: RxList People with HIV should start taking HIV medicines as soon as possible.CORRECT: Vomiting and other GI effects are adverse effects of zidovudine. (natuurlijke-hoeven.nl)
  • Duovir contains a combination of 2 antiretroviral drugs, lamivudine and zidovudine, that are used to treat HIV infection. (inhousepharmacy.vu)
  • Duovir tablets contain a combination of two antiretroviral drugs lamivudine and zidovudine, which both belong to class of drugs known as nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) that are only effective against retroviruses (RNA virus) like HIV. (inhousepharmacy.vu)
  • A nucleoside is a building block of DNA that is needed by the virus to replicate, and nucleoside analogues, like lamivudine and zidovudine in Duovir tablets, become incorporated into the DNA that is copied from the virus RNA by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. (inhousepharmacy.vu)
  • Duovir tablets contain a combination of two antiretroviral drugs lamivudine and zidovudine which are used to treat HIV infection in patients with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS. (inhousepharmacy.vu)
  • Lamivudine and zidovudine in Duovir tablets are inhibitors of the enzyme reverse transcriptase which is needed by retroviruses (RNA viruses) like HIV to become incorporated into the DNA of infected immune cells so that they can replicate. (inhousepharmacy.vu)
Retrovir3
  • Additionally, some physicians and some institutions have offered the option of using zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT, ZDV, Retrovir) after occupational exposure to HIV (6). (cdc.gov)
  • Zidovudine (retrovir, retrovir) 100 mg, single packs come in 50 mg and 100 mg doses and have the same prescription coverage as pills you get in a bottle. (nephew.dk)
  • Those who are zidovudine cost Retrovir by their doctors may be able to obtain their medicine through Prescription Hope for an affordable price. (nephew.dk)
Tablets4
  • Lamivudine is highly synergistic with zidovudine, which means that it increases the effectiveness of zidovudine so that the combination of these two antiretroviral drugs in Duovir tablets slow down the replication of HIV within your body but cannot prevent the spread of the infection to others. (inhousepharmacy.vu)
  • Last Many Year Fonity Pharmacerutival Provided Lamivudine Zidovudine & Nevirapine Tablets is used as antiretroviral combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. (fonitypharmaceutical.com)
  • Abacavir, zidovudine, or stavudine as paediatric tablets for African HIV-infected children (CHAPAS-3): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We aimed to compare stavudine, zidovudine, or abacavir as dual or triple fixed-dose-combination paediatric tablets with lamivudine and nevirapine or efavirenz. (ox.ac.uk)
Combivir1
  • Chiropraxes ordering lamivudine zidovudine uk online snagging housewrecker but pockiest combivir cheap no rx required canada korea nucleospindle above an dressier. (astergastrocare.com)
Tablet1
  • Zidovudine comes as a capsule, tablet, and syrup to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
Take zidovudine3
Antiretroviral6
  • In January 1993, the Zidovudine in Pregnancy Registry was expanded to include zalcitabine and became the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry. (cdc.gov)
  • Lamivudine/zidovudine is indicated as part of antiretroviral combination therapy for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults and children. (europa.eu)
  • Zidovudine (ZDV) was the first approved antiretroviral medication used for preventing the transmission of HIV from mother to child. (medscape.com)
  • Zidovudine is an antiretroviral agent, prescribed for HIV/AIDS. (medindia.net)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: "Buffalo Hump" in a Female on Zidovudine-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case Report. (who.int)
  • Agrawal P, Gautam A, Chandra S, Aneez A, Gupta A. "Buffalo Hump" in a Female on Zidovudine-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case Report. (who.int)
Infection9
  • Zidovudine is used along with other medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Zidovudine is given to HIV-positive pregnant women to reduce the chance of passing the infection to the baby. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Zidovudine controls HIV infection but does not cure it. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Zidovudine is also used along with other medications in certain situations to treat healthcare workers and other individuals exposed to HIV infection after accidental contact with HIV-contaminated blood, tissues, or other body fluids. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This report reviews Public Health Service (PHS) recommendations for postexposure management of workers who have occupational exposures that may place them at risk of acquiring HIV infection, provides background information on zidovudine and experience with zidovudine postexposure prophylaxis, and presents considerations relevant to a decision to offer postexposure prophylaxis. (cdc.gov)
  • Zidovudine, didanosine, and zalcitabine in the treatment of HIV infection: meta-analyses of the randomised evidence. (ox.ac.uk)
  • get as few as 120 courses of treatment at first Then you'd get yelled at why take ritonavir and zidovudine together by people who don't understand technology or why you didn't predict one of the 1 million things that could go wrong.The combination of lopinavir and ritonavir is used with other medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (natuurlijke-hoeven.nl)
  • Zidovudine treats HIV infection. (medicap.com)
  • Zidovudine is a prescription medication used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (medicap.com)
Pregnant women5
  • When zidovudine is taken by pregnant women, it may be taken 5 times a day. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Objectives: To respond to the primary safety objective of the Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial 1 (PHPT-1) by studying the evolution of haematological parameters according to zidovudine exposure duration in HIV-1−infected pregnant women. (harvard.edu)
  • Setting: 27 hospitals in Thailand.Participants: 1,436 HIV-infected pregnant women in PHPT-1.Intervention: Zidovudine prophylaxis initiation at 28 or 35 wk gestation. (harvard.edu)
  • Zidovudine (ZDV) has been extensively used in pregnant women to prevent vertical transmission of HIV but few studies have evaluated potential mutagenic effects of ZDV during fetal development. (medscape.com)
  • Prenatal and postpartum zidovudine adherence among pregnant women with HIV. (bvsalud.org)
Abacavir2
  • Each tab contains abacavir 300 mg, lamivudine 150 mg and zidovudine 300 mg: 1 tab bid. (mims.com)
  • After two were excluded due to randomisation error, 156 children were analysed in the stavudine group, 158 in the zidovudine group, and 164 in the abacavir group, and followed for median 2·3 years (5% lost to follow-up). (ox.ac.uk)
AIDS4
  • Although zidovudine does not cure HIV, it may decrease your chance of developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV-related illnesses such as serious infections or cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • METHODS: Individual patient data were available for 7722 participants without AIDS in the nine randomised trials of immediate versus deferred zidovudine, and 7700 participants with or without AIDS in the six trials comparing zidovudine plus didanosine, zidovudine plus zalcitabine, or zidovudine alone. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Zidovudine (ZDV) and clarithromycin (CLR) are often used simultaneously in the management of patients with AIDS. (uri.edu)
  • Effect of zidovudine resistance mutations on virologic response to treatment with zidovudine-lamivudine-ritonavir: genotypic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from AIDS clinical trials group protocol 315.ACTG Protocol 315 Team. (rush.edu)
Medications3
  • Zidovudine is in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). (medlineplus.gov)
  • tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to zidovudine, any other medications, or any of the other ingredients in zidovudine products. (medlineplus.gov)
  • these costs zidovudine cost often higher for branded medications than for generic medications. (nephew.dk)
Pregnancy2
  • In January 1989, the Zidovudine in Pregnancy Registry was established by the Wellcome Foundation, in conjunction with CDC, and has been managed by the Burroughs Wellcome Co. (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), * the manufacturer of ZDV. (cdc.gov)
  • This result provides reassurance about the safety of early initiation of zidovudine prophylaxis during pregnancy to maximize prevention of perinatal HIV. (harvard.edu)
Adherence1
  • To the extent that pill burden, rather than drug frequency, results in reduced adherence, generic Zidovudine cost could lead to decreased costs but at the potential expense of worsening virologic suppression rates and poorer clinical outcomes. (nephew.dk)
Zalcitabine5
  • BACKGROUND: To assess the effects of zidovudine, didanosine, and zalcitabine on HIV disease progression and survival, we undertook meta-analyses of individual patient data and tabular data from all randomised trials that compared these agents. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the comparison of zidovudine plus didanosine or zalcitabine versus zidovudine alone, during a median follow-up of 29 months, 2904 individuals progressed, of whom 1850 died. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Similarly, the addition of zalcitabine to zidovudine also delayed progression (0.86 [0.78-0.94], p=0.001) and death (0.87 [0.77-0.98], p=0.02). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Five of the six trials involved randomised comparisons of zidovudine plus didanosine versus zidovudine plus zalcitabine: in these, the zidovudine plus didanosine regimen had greater effects on disease progression (p=0.004) and death (p=0.009). (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, the use of didanosine and, to a lesser extent, zalcitabine delayed both disease progression and death, at least when added to zidovudine. (ox.ac.uk)
Generic3
  • Generic manufacturer for IV zidovudine (Pharmaforce Inc. (hopkinsguides.com)
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Efficacy3
  • We specifically considered the impact of the different resistance patterns generated by the use of TDF or ZDV in first-line cART on efficacy zidovudine cost second-line therapy and subsequent morbidity and mortality. (nephew.dk)
  • An epidemiologic study was initiated in 1987 to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of zidovudine in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. (elsevier.com)
  • Zidovudine Epidemiology Study Group 1991, ' Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Zidovudine in Patients With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease ', Archives of internal medicine , vol. 151, no. 5, pp. 981-986. (elsevier.com)
Metabolism1
  • Human inter-individual variability in metabolism and genotoxic response to zidovudine. (cdc.gov)
Versus2
  • The evolution of haematological parameters was estimated between 26 and 35 wk (zidovudine/placebo) and between 35 wk and delivery to compare a long versus short zidovudine exposure. (harvard.edu)
  • FINDINGS: In the comparison of immediate versus deferred zidovudine, during a median follow-up of 50 months, 1908 individuals progressed, of whom 1351 died. (ox.ac.uk)
Regimen2
  • Data collected in an ongoing CDC surveillance project of health-care workers who have been occupationally exposed to blood from HIV-infected patients (7) indicate that during the period April-December 1989, 13 (8.6%) of 151 newly enrolled participants began a postexposure regimen of zidovudine. (cdc.gov)
  • Zidovudine cost the present simulations, we aimed to re-assess the cost effectiveness of TDF over ZDV for settings using the public health approach for ART with one standard first-line and one standard second-line regimen, and without virological monitoring, which is the reality in most resource-poor settings. (nephew.dk)
Treatment5
  • Results from a recent multicenter randomized double-blind clinical trial suggest that treatment of HIV-positive mothers and their infants with zidovudine (ZDV) may substantially reduce the risk for perinatal HIV transmission (3). (cdc.gov)
  • Zidovudine patients should be stable on alpha-blocker therapy prior to initiating treatment and should be initiated at 25 mg. (nephew.dk)
  • Table 17 includes three benchmark prices, rounded to the nearest dollar, for commonly used zidovudine cost ARV drugsa as a general reference for health care providers when considering the cost of HIV treatment. (nephew.dk)
  • At delivery, the differences were not statistically significant, except for mean haemoglobin level, which remained slightly lower in the long zidovudine treatment group (difference: 0.2 g/dl). (harvard.edu)
  • Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. (phosphorylaseinhibitors.com)
Damage to the liver2
  • Zidovudine also may cause life-threatening damage to the liver and a potentially life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis (buildup of lactic acid in the blood). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Zidovudine can cause serious damage to the liver and a condition called lactic acidosis. (medicap.com)
Pharmaceuticals1
  • Zidovudine is intended for Pharmaceuticals applications. (alsachim.com)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "Objective: This study was undertaken to characterize the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (ZDV) and ZDV-glucuronide (ZDVG) in the material and fetal circulations of the rhesus monkey. (uthscsa.edu)
Doses1
  • If you miss doses or stop taking zidovudine, your condition may become more difficult to treat. (medlineplus.gov)
Composition1
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Prevention1
  • Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda:18 month follow-up of the HIVNET 012 randomised trial. (phosphorylaseinhibitors.com)
Time2
  • Zidovudine may cause muscle disease, especially when taken for a longer period of time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Receiving zidovudine for a high proportion of time significantly improved chances of survival even if anemia developed. (elsevier.com)
Response1
  • Your doctor will order certain lab tests to check your response to zidovudine. (medlineplus.gov)
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