Yellow Fever Vaccine
Yellow Fever
Yellow fever virus
Travel Medicine
Viral Vaccines
Rickettsial Vaccines
Meningoencephalitis
Vaccination
Vaccines
Vaccines, Attenuated
Neutralization Tests
Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
Aedes
Q Fever
Vaccines, Inactivated
Coxiella
Rift Valley Fever
Vaccines, Synthetic
Typhoid Fever
Yellow fever vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: report of 2 cases. (1/135)
Yellow fever vaccine (17D, a live attenuated virus vaccine) was effective and safe in 2 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients without severe immunosuppression, one of whom traveled to Kenya and the other of whom traveled to Senegal. (+info)Influence of the IL-1Ra gene polymorphism on in vivo synthesis of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta after live yellow fever vaccination. (2/135)
The inflammatory response in infectious and autoimmune diseases is regulated by the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The IL-1 complex contains polymorphic genes coding for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-1Ra. The IL-1Ra (variable number of tanden repeat) VNTR polymorphism has been shown to influence the capacity to produce IL-1beta and IL-1Ra after in vitro stimulation. Allele 2 of this polymorphism is associated with a number of inflammatory diseases. To determine the impact of the IL-1Ra polymorphism on in vivo human cytokine synthesis, we used a yellow fever vaccination model for the induction of cytokine synthesis in healthy volunteers. Two different yellow fever vaccines were used. After administration of the RKI vaccine (34 volunteers), plasma TNF-alpha concentration increased from 13.4 +/- 0.9 pg/ml to 23.3 +/- 1.1 pg/ml (P < 0.001), and plasma IL-1Ra concentration increased from 308 +/- 25 pg/ml to 1019 +/- 111 pg/ml (P < 0.001), on day 2. Using Stamaril vaccine, no increase in the plasma concentrations of either TNF-alpha or IL-1Ra could be detected (n = 17). Only the RKI vaccine induced TNF-alpha synthesis after in vitro stimulation of MNC. Carriers of allele 2 of the IL-1Ra polymorphism had increased baseline concentrations of IL-1Ra (350 +/- 32 pg/ml) compared with non-carriers (222 +/- 18 pg/ml, P < 0.001), and decreased concentrations of IL-1beta (0.9 +/- 0.2 pg/ml for carriers versus 2.8 +/- 0.7 pg/ml for non-carriers, P = 0.017). After yellow fever vaccination (RKI vaccine), no significant differences in the increase of IL-1Ra plasma levels were detected between carriers and non-carriers of allele 2 of the IL-1Ra gene polymorphism. This is the first study to examine the influence of this genetic polymorphism on in vivo-induced human IL-1beta and IL-1Ra synthesis. Baseline concentrations of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta were significantly influenced by the IL-1Ra polymorphism. No influence of the IL-1Ra polymorphism on the in vivo-induced production of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta could be detected. (+info)The early use of yellow fever virus strain 17D for vaccine production in Brazil--a review. (3/135)
The use of yellow fever (YF) virus 17D strain for vaccine production adapted in Brazil since its introduction in 1937 was reviewed. This was possible due to the availability of official records of vaccine production. The retrieved data highlight the simultaneous use of several serially passaged 17D substrain viruses for both inocula and vaccine preparation that allowed uninterrupted production. Substitution of these substrain viruses became possible with the experience gained during quality control and human vaccination. Post-vaccinal complications in humans and the failure of some viruses in quality control tests (neurovirulence for monkeys) indicated that variables needed to be reduced during vaccine production, leading to the development of the seed lot system. The 17DD substrain, still used today, was the most frequently used substrain and the most reliable in terms of safety and efficacy. For this reason, it is possible to derive an infectious cDNA clone of this substrain combined with production in cell culture that could be used to direct the expression of heterologous antigens and lead to the development of new live vaccines. (+info)Travel vaccines and elderly persons: review of vaccines available in the United States. (4/135)
Aging is associated with alterations in immune responses and may lead to clinically significant changes in the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of certain vaccines. This review summarizes published data regarding the effects of age on responses after immunization with vaccines generally administered before travel. The specific vaccines discussed in detail include hepatitis A, typhoid, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and rabies vaccines. There is some evidence of diminished serological responses to hepatitis A and rabies vaccines in older individuals. In addition, increased toxic effects following yellow fever vaccination in elderly recipients have recently been reported. However, many travel-related vaccines have never been studied specifically in elderly populations. Consideration of potential age-related differences in responses to travel vaccines is becoming increasingly important as elderly persons more frequently venture to exotic destinations. (+info)Antibody response to 17D yellow fever vaccine in Ghanaian infants. (5/135)
OBJECTIVES: To assess the seroresponses to yellow fever vaccination at 6 and 9 months of age; assess any possible adverse effects of immunization with the 17D yellow fever vaccine in infants, particularly at 6 months of age. METHODS: Four hundred and twenty infants who had completed BCG, OPV and DPT immunizations were randomized to receive yellow fever immunization at either 6 or 9 months. A single dose of 0.5 ml of the reconstituted vaccine was administered to each infant by subcutaneous injection. To determine the yellow fever antibody levels of the infants, each donated 1 ml whole blood prior to immunization and 3 months post-immunization. Each serum sample was titred on Vero cells against the vaccine virus. FINDINGS: The most common adverse reactions reported were fever, cough, diarrhoea and mild reactions at the inoculation site. The incidences of adverse reactions were not statistically different in both groups. None of the pre-immunization sera in both age groups had detectable yellow fever antibodies. Infants immunized at 6 months recorded seroconversion of 98.6% and those immunized at 9 months recorded 98% seroconversion. The GMT of their antibodies were 158.5 and 129.8, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that seroresponses to yellow fever immunization at 6 and 9 months as determined by seroconversion and GMTs of antibodies are similar. The findings of good seroresponses at 6 months without significant adverse effects would suggest that the 17D yellow fever vaccine could be recommended for use in children at 6 months in outbreak situations or in high risk endemic areas. (+info)Advanced age a risk factor for illness temporally associated with yellow fever vaccination. (6/135)
In 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was notified of severe illnesses and one death, temporally associated with yellow fever (YF) vaccination, in two elderly U.S. residents. Because the cases were unusual and adverse events following YF vaccination had not been studied, we estimated age-related reporting rates for systemic illness following YF vaccination. We found that the rate of reported adverse events among elderly vaccinees was higher than among vaccinees 25 to 44 years of age. We also found two additional deaths among elderly YF vaccinees. These data signal a potential problem but are not sufficient to reliably estimate incidence rates or to understand potential underlying mechanisms; therefore, enhanced surveillance is needed. YF remains an important cause of severe illness and death, and travel to disease-endemic regions is increasing. For elderly travelers, the risk for severe illness and death due to YF infection should be balanced against the risk for systemic illness due to YF vaccine. (+info)Fever, jaundice, and multiple organ system failure associated with 17D-derived yellow fever vaccination, 1996-2001. (7/135)
At the June 2001 meeting of the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP), seven cases of multiple organ system failure (MOSF) in recipients of 17D-derived yellow fever (YF) vaccine were presented. In response, an ACIP working group was formed to review the cases, assess the risk for serious adverse events following YF vaccination, and consider revision of the 1990 YF vaccination recommendations. This notice summarizes these cases and describes an enhanced surveillance program designed to refine risk estimates and improve histopathologic documentation of MOSF potentially associated with YF vaccination. (+info)Human cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to live attenuated 17D yellow fever vaccine: identification of HLA-B35-restricted CTL epitopes on nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2b, NS3, and the structural protein E. (8/135)
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a re-emerging problem despite the existence of an effective live-attenuated vaccine. The induction of YFV-neutralizing antibodies undoubtedly contributes to vaccine efficacy, but T lymphocyte responses to YFV likely play a role in long-term efficacy. We studied the T lymphocyte responses to YFV in four vaccinees. Proliferation and cytolytic responses to YFV were demonstrated in all subjects. We isolated 13 YFV-specific CD8(+) CTL lines that recognized epitopes on the E, NS1, NS2b, and NS3 proteins; eight CTL lines were HLA-B35-restricted. YFV-specific T cell responses were detectable by IFN gamma ELISPOT assays 14 days postvaccination, with T cell frequencies sustained for up to 19 months. To our knowledge, this is the first report of human T lymphocyte responses following YFV vaccination. These results indicate that the live 17D YFV vaccine induced CD8(+) T cell responses directed against at least four different HLA-B35-restricted YFV epitopes. (+info)The Yellow Fever Vaccine is a vaccine that protects against the yellow fever virus, which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The vaccine contains live, weakened yellow fever virus, and it works by stimulating the immune system to produce an immune response that provides protection against the disease.
The yellow fever vaccine is recommended for people who are traveling to areas where yellow fever is common, including parts of Africa and South America. It is also required for entry into some countries in these regions. The vaccine is generally safe and effective, but it can cause mild side effects such as headache, muscle pain, and fever in some people. Serious side effects are rare, but may include allergic reactions or infection with the weakened virus used in the vaccine.
It's important to note that yellow fever vaccine may not be recommended for certain individuals, including infants younger than 6 months, pregnant women, people with weakened immune systems, and those with a history of severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine or any component of the vaccine. It is always best to consult with a healthcare provider before receiving any vaccination.
Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease that's transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The "yellow" in the name refers to the jaundice that can occur in some patients, resulting from liver damage caused by the virus. The disease is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and Central and South America.
The yellow fever virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus. It's closely related to other mosquito-borne viruses like dengue and Zika. The virus has three distinct geographical variants (West African, East African, and South American), each with different epidemiological patterns and clinical features.
The incubation period for yellow fever is typically 3 to 6 days after infection. The initial symptoms include fever, chills, headache, back pain, myalgia, and fatigue. Most patients recover after this initial phase, but around 15% of those infected enter a more severe phase characterized by high fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, vomiting, bleeding, and often rapid death within 7 to 10 days.
There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, and management is focused on supportive care, including fluid replacement, blood transfusions, and addressing any complications that arise. Prevention relies on vaccination and mosquito control measures. The yellow fever vaccine is safe and highly effective, providing immunity in 95% of those who receive it. A single dose offers lifelong protection in most individuals. Mosquito control efforts, such as reducing breeding sites and using insecticide-treated materials, can help prevent the spread of the virus in affected areas.
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, most commonly Aedes and Haemagogus species. The virus is named for the jaundice that can occur in some patients, giving their skin and eyes a yellowish color.
Yellow fever is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and South America, with outbreaks occurring when large numbers of people are infected. After an incubation period of 3 to 6 days, symptoms typically begin with fever, chills, headache, back pain, and muscle aches. In more severe cases, the infection can progress to cause bleeding, organ failure, and death.
Prevention measures include vaccination, mosquito control, and personal protective measures such as wearing long sleeves and using insect repellent in areas where yellow fever is endemic or outbreaks are occurring.
Travel medicine, also known as tropical medicine or geographic medicine, is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and management of health issues and diseases that can occur during international travel or in certain geographical areas. This may include vaccinations, malaria prophylaxis, advice on food and water safety, and education about insect-borne diseases. Travel medicine specialists also provide care for travelers who become ill while abroad and offer post-travel evaluation and treatment for those who return home with a travel-related illness.
A viral vaccine is a biological preparation that introduces your body to a specific virus in a way that helps your immune system build up protection against the virus without causing the illness. Viral vaccines can be made from weakened or inactivated forms of the virus, or parts of the virus such as proteins or sugars. Once introduced to the body, the immune system recognizes the virus as foreign and produces an immune response, including the production of antibodies. These antibodies remain in the body and provide immunity against future infection with that specific virus.
Viral vaccines are important tools for preventing infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis A and B, rabies, rotavirus, chickenpox, shingles, and some types of cancer. Vaccination programs have led to the control or elimination of many infectious diseases that were once common.
It's important to note that viral vaccines are not effective against bacterial infections, and separate vaccines must be developed for each type of virus. Additionally, because viruses can mutate over time, it is necessary to update some viral vaccines periodically to ensure continued protection.
Rickettsial vaccines are vaccines that are designed to protect against rickettsial infections, which are diseases caused by bacteria of the genus Rickettsia. These bacteria are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected arthropods such as ticks, fleas, and lice.
Rickettsial vaccines typically contain whole-cell or subunit antigens of the rickettsial bacteria, which stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies and activate T cells that can recognize and eliminate the pathogen if it infects the body in the future.
Examples of rickettsial vaccines include those for typhus fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and scrub typhus. These vaccines have been shown to be effective in preventing or reducing the severity of these diseases, but they are not widely available or used due to various factors such as limited demand, production challenges, and safety concerns.
It's important to note that rickettsial vaccines may carry some risks and side effects, including allergic reactions, local reactions at the injection site, and in rare cases, systemic reactions. Therefore, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before receiving any vaccine, including rickettsial vaccines.
Meningoencephalitis is a medical term that refers to an inflammation of both the brain (encephalitis) and the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges), known as the meninges. It is often caused by an infection, such as bacterial or viral infections, that spreads to the meninges and brain. In some cases, it can also be caused by other factors like autoimmune disorders or certain medications.
The symptoms of meningoencephalitis may include fever, headache, stiff neck, confusion, seizures, and changes in mental status. If left untreated, this condition can lead to serious complications, such as brain damage, hearing loss, learning disabilities, or even death. Treatment typically involves antibiotics for bacterial infections or antiviral medications for viral infections, along with supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Vaccination is a simple, safe, and effective way to protect people against harmful diseases, before they come into contact with them. It uses your body's natural defenses to build protection to specific infections and makes your immune system stronger.
A vaccination usually contains a small, harmless piece of a virus or bacteria (or toxins produced by these germs) that has been made inactive or weakened so it won't cause the disease itself. This piece of the germ is known as an antigen. When the vaccine is introduced into the body, the immune system recognizes the antigen as foreign and produces antibodies to fight it.
If a person then comes into contact with the actual disease-causing germ, their immune system will recognize it and immediately produce antibodies to destroy it. The person is therefore protected against that disease. This is known as active immunity.
Vaccinations are important for both individual and public health. They prevent the spread of contagious diseases and protect vulnerable members of the population, such as young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems who cannot be vaccinated or for whom vaccination is not effective.
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. It typically contains an agent that resembles the disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it encounters in the future.
Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (to fight disease that is already present). The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccinations are generally administered through needle injections, but can also be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose.
The term "vaccine" comes from Edward Jenner's 1796 use of cowpox to create immunity to smallpox. The first successful vaccine was developed in 1796 by Edward Jenner, who showed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox did not get smallpox. He reasoned that exposure to cowpox protected against smallpox and tested his theory by injecting a boy with pus from a cowpox sore and then exposing him to smallpox, which the boy did not contract. The word "vaccine" is derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 during a conversation with a fellow physician and later in the title of his 1801 Inquiry.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "travel" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. In general, travel refers to the act of moving or journeying from one place to another, often over long distances. However, in a medical context, it might refer to the recommendation that individuals with certain medical conditions or those who are immunocompromised avoid traveling to areas where they may be at increased risk of exposure to infectious diseases. It's always best to check with a healthcare professional for advice related to specific medical situations and travel.
Attenuated vaccines consist of live microorganisms that have been weakened (attenuated) through various laboratory processes so they do not cause disease in the majority of recipients but still stimulate an immune response. The purpose of attenuation is to reduce the virulence or replication capacity of the pathogen while keeping it alive, allowing it to retain its antigenic properties and induce a strong and protective immune response.
Examples of attenuated vaccines include:
1. Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV): This vaccine uses live but weakened polioviruses to protect against all three strains of the disease-causing poliovirus. The weakened viruses replicate in the intestine and induce an immune response, which provides both humoral (antibody) and cell-mediated immunity.
2. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine: This combination vaccine contains live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella viruses. It is given to protect against these three diseases and prevent their spread in the population.
3. Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine: This vaccine uses a weakened form of the varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox. By introducing this attenuated virus into the body, it stimulates an immune response that protects against future infection with the wild-type virus.
4. Yellow fever vaccine: This live attenuated vaccine is used to prevent yellow fever, a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. The vaccine contains a weakened form of the yellow fever virus that cannot cause the disease but still induces an immune response.
5. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine: This live attenuated vaccine is used to protect against tuberculosis (TB). It contains a weakened strain of Mycobacterium bovis, which does not cause TB in humans but stimulates an immune response that provides some protection against the disease.
Attenuated vaccines are generally effective at inducing long-lasting immunity and can provide robust protection against targeted diseases. However, they may pose a risk for individuals with weakened immune systems, as the attenuated viruses or bacteria could potentially cause illness in these individuals. Therefore, it is essential to consider an individual's health status before administering live attenuated vaccines.
Antibodies, viral are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection with a virus. These antibodies are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens on the surface of the virus, which helps to neutralize or destroy the virus and prevent its replication. Once produced, these antibodies can provide immunity against future infections with the same virus.
Viral antibodies are typically composed of four polypeptide chains - two heavy chains and two light chains - that are held together by disulfide bonds. The binding site for the antigen is located at the tip of the Y-shaped structure, formed by the variable regions of the heavy and light chains.
There are five classes of antibodies in humans: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class has a different function and is distributed differently throughout the body. For example, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in the bloodstream and provides long-term immunity against viruses, while IgA is found primarily in mucous membranes and helps to protect against respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
In addition to their role in the immune response, viral antibodies can also be used as diagnostic tools to detect the presence of a specific virus in a patient's blood or other bodily fluids.
Neutralization tests are a type of laboratory assay used in microbiology and immunology to measure the ability of a substance, such as an antibody or antitoxin, to neutralize the activity of a toxin or infectious agent. In these tests, the substance to be tested is mixed with a known quantity of the toxin or infectious agent, and the mixture is then incubated under controlled conditions. After incubation, the mixture is tested for residual toxicity or infectivity using a variety of methods, such as cell culture assays, animal models, or biochemical assays.
The neutralization titer is then calculated based on the highest dilution of the test substance that completely neutralizes the toxin or infectious agent. Neutralization tests are commonly used in the diagnosis and evaluation of immune responses to vaccines, as well as in the detection and quantification of toxins and other harmful substances.
Examples of neutralization tests include the serum neutralization test for measles antibodies, the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for dengue virus antibodies, and the cytotoxicity neutralization assay for botulinum neurotoxins.
Fever, also known as pyrexia or febrile response, is a common medical sign characterized by an elevation in core body temperature above the normal range of 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F) due to a dysregulation of the body's thermoregulatory system. It is often a response to an infection, inflammation, or other underlying medical conditions, and it serves as a part of the immune system's effort to combat the invading pathogens or to repair damaged tissues.
Fevers can be classified based on their magnitude:
* Low-grade fever: 37.5-38°C (99.5-100.4°F)
* Moderate fever: 38-39°C (100.4-102.2°F)
* High-grade or severe fever: above 39°C (102.2°F)
It is important to note that a single elevated temperature reading does not necessarily indicate the presence of a fever, as body temperature can fluctuate throughout the day and can be influenced by various factors such as physical activity, environmental conditions, and the menstrual cycle in females. The diagnosis of fever typically requires the confirmation of an elevated core body temperature on at least two occasions or a consistently high temperature over a period of time.
While fevers are generally considered beneficial in fighting off infections and promoting recovery, extremely high temperatures or prolonged febrile states may necessitate medical intervention to prevent potential complications such as dehydration, seizures, or damage to vital organs.
Typhoid-Paratyphoid vaccines are immunizations that protect against typhoid fever and paratyphoid fevers, which are caused by the Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi, respectively. These vaccines contain inactivated or attenuated bacteria or specific antigens that stimulate an individual's immune system to develop immunity against these diseases without causing the illness itself. There are several types of typhoid-paratyphoid vaccines available, including:
1. Ty21a (oral live attenuated vaccine): This is a live but weakened form of the Salmonella Typhi bacteria. It is given orally in capsule form and requires a series of 4 doses taken every other day. The vaccine provides protection for about 5-7 years.
2. Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) typhoid vaccine: This vaccine contains purified Vi antigens from the Salmonella Typhi bacterium's outer capsular layer. It is given as an injection and provides protection for approximately 2-3 years.
3. Combined typhoid-paratyphoid A and B vaccines (Vi-rEPA): This vaccine combines Vi polysaccharide antigens from Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A and B. It is given as an injection and provides protection for about 3 years against typhoid fever and paratyphoid fevers A and B.
4. Typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs): These vaccines combine the Vi polysaccharide antigen from Salmonella Typhi with a protein carrier to enhance the immune response, particularly in children under 2 years of age. TCVs are given as an injection and provide long-lasting protection against typhoid fever.
It is important to note that none of these vaccines provides 100% protection, but they significantly reduce the risk of contracting typhoid or paratyphoid fevers. Additionally, good hygiene practices, such as handwashing and safe food handling, can further minimize the risk of infection.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a bacterial disease transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick. The causative agent is Rickettsia rickettsii. The disease is characterized by the sudden onset of fever, severe headache, muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting. A rash typically appears 2-5 days after the onset of fever, starting on the wrists and ankles and spreading to the palms and soles, and then to the trunk and other parts of the body. If not treated promptly, RMSF can cause serious damage to internal organs, such as the heart and kidneys, and in some cases, it can be fatal. Early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics are essential for a full recovery.
"Rickettsia rickettsii" is a species of bacteria that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a potentially severe and life-threatening tick-borne disease. The bacteria are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, most commonly the American dog tick, Rocky Mountain wood tick, and the brown dog tick.
The bacteria infect endothelial cells, which line the blood vessels, causing vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels) and leading to a range of symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain, rash, and in severe cases, organ failure and death if left untreated. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is treated with antibiotics, usually doxycycline, which can be effective in reducing the severity of the disease and preventing complications if started promptly.
"Aedes" is a genus of mosquitoes that are known to transmit various diseases, including Zika virus, dengue fever, chikungunya, and yellow fever. These mosquitoes are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. They are distinguished by their black and white striped legs and thorax. Aedes aegypti is the most common species associated with disease transmission, although other species such as Aedes albopictus can also transmit diseases. It's important to note that only female mosquitoes bite and feed on blood, while males feed solely on nectar and plant juices.
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. It is characterized by acute or chronic flu-like symptoms, pneumonia, and hepatitis. The bacteria are primarily transmitted to humans through inhalation of contaminated dust or aerosols from infected animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. Q fever can also be transmitted through consumption of unpasteurized milk or direct contact with infected animals. It is often asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic in animals but can cause severe disease in humans.
The acute form of Q fever typically presents with sudden onset of high fever, severe headache, fatigue, muscle pain, and cough. Some patients may also develop pneumonia or hepatitis. The chronic form of the disease is less common but more serious, often affecting people with compromised immune systems. Chronic Q fever can lead to endocarditis, an infection of the inner lining of the heart, which can be life-threatening if left untreated.
Diagnosis of Q fever typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, serological testing, and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays. Treatment usually involves antibiotics such as doxycycline or fluoroquinolones for several weeks to months, depending on the severity and duration of the illness. Prevention measures include avoiding contact with infected animals, wearing protective clothing and masks when handling animal products, and pasteurizing milk before consumption.
Inactivated vaccines, also known as killed or non-live vaccines, are created by using a version of the virus or bacteria that has been grown in a laboratory and then killed or inactivated with chemicals, heat, or radiation. This process renders the organism unable to cause disease, but still capable of stimulating an immune response when introduced into the body.
Inactivated vaccines are generally considered safer than live attenuated vaccines since they cannot revert back to a virulent form and cause illness. However, they may require multiple doses or booster shots to maintain immunity because the immune response generated by inactivated vaccines is not as robust as that produced by live vaccines. Examples of inactivated vaccines include those for hepatitis A, rabies, and influenza (inactivated flu vaccine).
'Coxiella' is a genus of intracellular bacteria that includes the species C. burnetii, which is the causative agent of Q fever in humans and animals. These bacteria are known for their ability to survive and replicate within host cells by avoiding lysosomal degradation and manipulating the host cell's signaling pathways. C. burnetii infection can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild flu-like illness to severe pneumonia or hepatitis. It is typically transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or their environments, such as inhalation of contaminated dust or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a viral zoonotic disease that primarily affects animals, but can also have serious consequences for humans. It is caused by the Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV), which belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and the genus Phlebovirus.
The disease is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes or through contact with the blood, milk, or other bodily fluids of infected animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. In humans, RVF can cause a range of symptoms, from mild fever and headache to severe complications such as retinitis, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever, which can be fatal in some cases.
RVF is endemic in parts of Africa, particularly in the Rift Valley region, and has also been reported in the Arabian Peninsula. It poses a significant public health and economic threat to affected regions due to its potential to cause large-scale outbreaks with high mortality rates in both animals and humans. Prevention and control measures include vaccination of animals, vector control, and avoidance of mosquito bites.
Synthetic vaccines are artificially produced, designed to stimulate an immune response and provide protection against specific diseases. Unlike traditional vaccines that are derived from weakened or killed pathogens, synthetic vaccines are created using synthetic components, such as synthesized viral proteins, DNA, or RNA. These components mimic the disease-causing agent and trigger an immune response without causing the actual disease. The use of synthetic vaccines offers advantages in terms of safety, consistency, and scalability in production, making them valuable tools for preventing infectious diseases.
Typhoid fever is an acute illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. It is characterized by sustained fever, headache, constipation or diarrhea, rose-colored rash (in some cases), abdominal pain, and weakness. The bacteria are spread through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person's feces. If left untreated, typhoid fever can lead to severe complications and even be fatal. It is diagnosed through blood, stool, or urine tests and treated with antibiotics. Vaccination is available for prevention.
Combined vaccines are defined in medical terms as vaccines that contain two or more antigens from different diseases, which are given to provide protection against multiple diseases at the same time. This approach reduces the number of injections required and simplifies the immunization schedule, especially during early childhood. Examples of combined vaccines include:
1. DTaP-Hib-IPV (e.g., Pentacel): A vaccine that combines diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, and poliovirus components in one injection to protect against these five diseases.
2. MMRV (e.g., ProQuad): A vaccine that combines measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox) antigens in a single injection to provide immunity against all four diseases.
3. HepA-HepB (e.g., Twinrix): A vaccine that combines hepatitis A and hepatitis B antigens in one injection, providing protection against both types of hepatitis.
4. MenACWY-TT (e.g., MenQuadfi): A vaccine that combines four serogroups of meningococcal bacteria (A, C, W, Y) with tetanus toxoid as a carrier protein in one injection for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by these serogroups.
5. PCV13-PPSV23 (e.g., Vaxneuvance): A vaccine that combines 13 pneumococcal serotypes with PPSV23, providing protection against a broader range of pneumococcal diseases in adults aged 18 years and older.
Combined vaccines have been thoroughly tested for safety and efficacy to ensure they provide a strong immune response and an acceptable safety profile. They are essential tools in preventing various infectious diseases and improving overall public health.
Yellow fever vaccine
Attenuated vaccine
Antibody-dependent enhancement
Vaccine-preventable disease
Lassa fever
1935 in science
Jane Wilson-Howarth
Max Theiler
History of virology
1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic
John S. Marr
John P. Woodall
2016 Angola and DR Congo yellow fever outbreak
Japanese encephalitis vaccine
Arbovirus
Israel Jacob Kligler
Health in Nigeria
Jon L. Belsher
Lysine acetylsalicylate
Mosquito-borne disease
Sanofi Pasteur
Eva K. Lee
Pontiano Kaleebu
Karl Zinsmeister
Ram Sasisekharan
Visa requirements for Azerbaijani citizens
Visa requirements for Serbian citizens
Visa requirements for Iraqi citizens
Visa requirements for Indian citizens
Visa requirements for South African citizens
Yellow Fever Vaccine Recommendations
Yellow fever vaccine - Wikipedia
Yellow Fever Vaccine: MedlinePlus Drug Information
ACIP Grading for Yellow Fever Vaccine Booster Doses | CDC
Thermostable Inactivated Potent Yellow Fever Vaccine | SBIR.gov
Yellow Fever and Fractional Vaccine Doses
Zika and yellow fever: Vaccines without eggs | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Immune activation alters cellular and humoral responses to yellow fever 17D vaccine
yellow fever vaccine safety | Keywords | EQUATOR Network
Yellow Fever and the Yellow Fever Vaccine | Carrington College
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Jaundice13
- It derives all of its names from the jaundice (due to liver damage) that occurs in advanced cases, which turns the skin and eyes yellow. (carrington.edu)
- Patients develop the jaundice that gives yellow fever its name. (npr.org)
- Yellow fever disease is a viral hemorrhagic fever named after the jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) that occurs in some of those infected. (harvard.edu)
- It affects the liver and kidneys, causing fever and the 'yellow' refers to the sign of jaundice that affects some patients which can be fatal. (sunwaymedical.com)
- YEL-AVD is characterized by fever, jaundice, and multiorgan system failure similar to the wild-type strain. (medscape.com)
- However, for other people it causes symptoms of high fever, vomiting, jaundice and bleeding which can be fatal. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- However, the symptoms of yellow fever range from a fever with aches and pains to severe liver disease with bleeding and yellowing skin (jaundice). (9guiders.com)
- They are similar to the flu and could become severe to include fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and jaundice -- hence its name yellow fever. (fox47news.com)
- Illness ranges from fever to bleeding and jaundice (yellowing skin or eyes). (wa.gov)
- One in seven people will feel better for a few hours or a day, but then develop more severe disease, which includes symptoms such as high fever, jaundice (yellow skin or eyes), and bleeding, and eventually shock and organ failure. (wa.gov)
- Some people with yellow fever have no or mild symptoms, but others have more severe symptoms such as yellow skin (jaundice), fever, headache, muscle aches, and bleeding. (msdmanuals.com)
- Jaundice in Adults In jaundice, the skin and whites of the eyes look yellow. (msdmanuals.com)
- Jaundice occurs when there is too much bilirubin (a yellow pigment) in the blood-a condition called hyperbilirubinemia. (msdmanuals.com)
Travelers18
- However, travelers going to areas with ongoing outbreaks may consider getting a booster dose of yellow fever vaccine if it has been 10 years or more since they were last vaccinated. (cdc.gov)
- Travelers without proof of vaccination could be given the vaccine upon entry or detained for up to 6 days to make sure they are not infected. (medlineplus.gov)
- The primary policy question was "Should booster doses of YF vaccine every 10 years continue to be recommended for healthy travelers and laboratory workers? (cdc.gov)
- In addition to receiving a yellow fever vaccine, travelers should be sure to use appropriate mosquito repellents or netting. (passporthealthusa.com)
- The yellow fever vaccine provides protection against the virus for travelers and those living in areas where the disease is present. (passporthealthusa.com)
- Only registered Yellow Fever Vaccination Centers like Passport Health can give the yellow fever vaccine and provide the International Certificate of Vaccination ("yellow card") to travelers and other individuals. (passporthealthusa.com)
- The majority of Canadian travelers do not visit countries where a yellow fever vaccine is required or recommended. (virusprotips.com)
- And, just to complicate the issue, Zanzibar (an island that belongs to Tanzania), has recently been requiring travelers to produce proof of Yellow Fever vaccination, even though this contradicts existing health regulations. (travelbughealth.com)
- I call hepatitis A vaccine the "slam-dunk" vaccine for travelers because the disease is so common outside this country and the vaccine is one of the most effective and safe travel vaccines available. (travelbughealth.com)
- Only after a thorough travel consultation will travelers be given the yellow fever vaccine. (mdicare.com)
- It may surprise the general public that 50% of travelers who do not seek consultation from a specialized and certified travel clinic receive incorrect vaccines, which means they either receive vaccines they do not need or do not receive vaccinations they actually need and will help to protect them. (mdicare.com)
- We do, however, administer yellow fever vaccine to travelers who did not have a formal travel consultation with us, as long as they have a written order from another licensed physician stating that they do require yellow fever vaccination and there are no contraindications based on the prescribing physician's assessment. (mdicare.com)
- Health officials are urging travelers headed to Brazil to get yellow fever vaccinations due to a recent deadly outbreak of the virus. (fox47news.com)
- Health officials say travelers should plan to get the vaccination before arriving in Brazil as the country is facing a shortage of the vaccine. (fox47news.com)
- The live, attenuated yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine provides highly effective and durable immunity and is widely used for travelers to and residents of endemic areas of South America and Africa. (nih.gov)
- We provide guidance and advice to international travelers and healthcare providers about what vaccines are needed when they're going to certain areas of the world. (cdc.gov)
- Despite these rare case reports, yellow fever is an important vaccine-preventable disease among travelers to, and those living in, the tropics of Africa and South America. (cdc.gov)
- A vaccine is available for use by people residing in endemic countries and for travelers to areas where yellow fever is common, but avoiding mosquito bites is also important. (msdmanuals.com)
South America19
- Yellow fever is a viral infection that occurs in Africa and South America. (wikipedia.org)
- Yellow fever (YF) is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. (cdc.gov)
- While yellow fever is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South America, the virus had not significantly impacted Luanda since the last major outbreak in 1971 . (asm.org)
- According to the CDC , yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease present in Africa and South America. (passporthealthusa.com)
- Yellow fever is common in sub-Saharan Africa (where it is endemic), countries in South America and a few other parts of the world. (passporthealthusa.com)
- There are four types of yellow fever, two in Africa and two in South America, but only three of these have caused outbreaks. (carrington.edu)
- Yellow fever is typically found in tropical and sub-tropical areas, though mainly in South America and Africa. (carrington.edu)
- Yellow fever virus is found in tropical and subtropical areas of South America and Africa. (sunwaymedical.com)
- Yellow Fever is a viral infection transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. (neemtreepharmacy.co.uk)
- Yellow fever occurs in certain countries of tropical Africa and South America. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- Yellow fever vaccination is needed in Central Africa and many parts of South America. (samedaydoctor.org)
- If you are travelling to Africa or South America, you may be at risk for yellow fever. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- There are also a number of yellow fever vaccination centres in major airports serving as transit points to Africa and South America. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- Anyone over the age of nine months with plans to travel to or live in an area that's at high risk for the yellow fever virus, such as South America and Africa, should receive a yellow fever vaccine. (solvhealth.com)
- Yellow fever spreads to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, and outbreaks usually occur in South America and Africa. (fox47news.com)
- Yellow fever is endemic in tropical areas of 47 countries in Africa and Central and South America, the WHO said. (fox47news.com)
- Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for persons aged 9 months or older who are living in or traveling to areas with risk of yellow fever virus transmission, such as places in Africa and South America. (wa.gov)
- For many years, the risk of vaccine-related illness and death was similar to the risk of illness and death from natural infection with YF in South America. (nih.gov)
- Yellow fever occurs only in the tropical areas of Central Africa, southern Panama, and South America. (msdmanuals.com)
World Health Organ10
- 45 On 17 May 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization (SAGE) announced that a 'booster' dose of yellow fever (YF) vaccine, ten years after a primary dose, is not necessary. (wikipedia.org)
- The World Health Organization recommends the vaccine between the ages of 9 and 12 months in areas where the disease is common. (wikipedia.org)
- The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE), the principal advisory group to the World Health Organization (WHO) for vaccines and immunization, concluded in April 2013 that a single dose of YF vaccine is sufficient to confer sustained immunity and lifelong protection against YF disease, and a booster dose of the vaccine is not needed [WHO 2013]. (cdc.gov)
- Recent yellow fever outbreaks have pushed the World Health Organization (WHO) to consider fractional doses to increase vaccine access and lower the potential of yellow fever to spread. (asm.org)
- Furthermore, World Health Organization recommends vaccination against yellow fever for all international visitors from 9 months of age going to Nigeria. (9guiders.com)
- The Public Health Agency of Canada, World Health Organization, U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention and a myriad of other organizations have deemed the yellow fever vaccine safe for use, with very few risk factors. (virusprotips.com)
- Based on existing evidence the World Health Organization (WHO) has determined that a fifth of the standard vaccine dose (0.1mL instead of 0.5mL) will provide protection against yellow fever for at least 12 months. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- Yellow fever is a potentially fatal illness, and it is not only prudent to seek protection against it, but it is also required by public health policies in the countries involved, the guidelines and regulations of which are overseen by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (mdicare.com)
- Thus the World Health Organization (WHO) keeps a stockpile of 6 million yellow fever vaccine doses for outbreak response. (cdc.gov)
- Brazil has seen several outbreaks of yellow fever since the beginning of 2017 but the country's government had said the virus stopped spreading in September, according to the World Health Organization . (fox47news.com)
Vaccinations3
- Complicating things further - it's really hard to do vaccinations in a place with limited infrastructure like Angola, where a seemingly simple task like keeping vaccines cold can be a challenge. (npr.org)
- All samedaydoctor clinics are designated Yellow Fever centres able to provide Yellow Fever vaccinations and genuine Yellow Fever certificates for immigration purposes. (samedaydoctor.org)
- FDA-Approved Yellow Fever Vaccine Returning to the USA - Precision Vaccinations. (thecrucibleonscreen.com)
Immunity12
- This conclusion was based on a systematic review of published studies on the duration of immunity following a single dose of YF vaccine, and on data that suggest vaccine failures are extremely rare and do not increase in frequency with time since vaccination [Gotuzzo 2013]. (cdc.gov)
- Evidence from multiple studies demonstrates that YF vaccine immunity persists for many decades and might provide life-long protection" [CDC 2010]. (cdc.gov)
- Together, these results demonstrate that an activated immune microenvironment prior to vaccination impedes efficacy of the YF-17D vaccine in an African cohort and suggest that vaccine regimens may need to be boosted in African populations to achieve efficient immunity. (nih.gov)
- Immunisation against yellow fever only requires a single dose of vaccine, which usually gives most people lifetime immunity. (sunwaymedical.com)
- The currently available yellow fever vaccine confers near lifelong immunity in 95% of patients. (medscape.com)
- You should have an injection of vaccine at least ten days before the date of travel to allow immunity to develop. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- A single dose of vaccine provides immunity for at least 10 years, maybe even for life. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- The yellow fever vaccine is safe and inexpensive, and a single dose provides life-long immunity against the disease. (9guiders.com)
- Yellow fever immunity is now considered to be lifelong, so repeating vaccination is not needed unless to obtain a Yellow Fever certificate for immigration purposes. (samedaydoctor.org)
- You need to have two documented MMR (mumps, measles and rubella) vaccines during your lifetime to have protective immunity. (travelbughealth.com)
- Yellow fever is a potentially deadly viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes and its vaccine provides up to 99% lifetime immunity. (fox47news.com)
- In summary, the results suggests that in addition to factors of the innate immunity, "promiscuous" T-cell antigens might contribute to the high efficacy of the yellow fever vaccines. (johnshopkins.edu)
Skip1
- Skip the queues and cross your holiday vaccines off your to-do list. (pharmavaccs.co.uk)
Dengue8
- Defining the parameters that modulate vaccine responses in African populations will be imperative to design effective vaccines for protection against HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, and dengue virus infections. (nih.gov)
- The yellow fever virus is an RNA virus of the Flavivirus genus, which also includes West Nile virus and Dengue Fever. (carrington.edu)
- The disease is caused by the yellow fever virus, which is closely related to Dengue and Zika, and it is also transmitted by mosquitoes. (harvard.edu)
- The A aegypti mosquito is a known transmitter of dengue fever and yellow fever. (medscape.com)
- Researchers at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine are conducting studies that utilize blood donations from individuals who have been diagnosed with or potentially exposed to mosquito-borne viruses as part of ongoing dengue and Zika research and vaccine development. (news-medical.net)
- Researchers from the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health have made an important finding about Aedes aegypti mosquitoes-;one that could one day lead to better methods for reducing the mosquito-to-human transmission of dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and other harmful and sometimes deadly viruses. (news-medical.net)
- mosquitoes transmit 'arthropod-borne' or 'arbo-' viruses including dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus, chikungunya virus, and Mayaro virus. (news-medical.net)
- One dengue vaccine is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for individuals between six and 16 who have had prior dengue infection. (news-medical.net)
Dose of vaccine2
- A further dose of vaccine is recommended for a small number of travellers who are visiting yellow fever risk areas, including those who were previously vaccinated when they were: pregnant. (thecrucibleonscreen.com)
- This meant that one standard dose of vaccine could vaccinate up to 5 people. (cdc.gov)
Illness11
- The yellow fever 17D vaccine is considered safe, with over 500 million doses given and very few documented cases of vaccine associated illness (62 confirmed cases and 35 deaths as of January 2019). (wikipedia.org)
- In no case of vaccine-related illness has there been evidence of the virus reverting to a virulent phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
- In a little over a month, 23 additional cases of yellow fever were reported among Eritrean and Congolese citizens living in Luanda , 7 of whom died from their illness. (asm.org)
- Up to half of the people who develop severe illness from yellow fever will die about 10 - 14 days later. (carrington.edu)
- Its presentation can range from asymptomatic illness to acute-onset viral hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever. (medscape.com)
- In 15%-25% of individuals with yellow fever, symptoms recur during the period of intoxication and can progress to fatal illness. (medscape.com)
- Yellow fever can range from a mild flu-like illness to a fatal disease which causes internal bleeding and organ failure. (pharmavaccs.co.uk)
- Yellow fever infections can cause severe illness and can be fatal but early supportive treatment in hospitals boosts survival rates. (9guiders.com)
- Our vaccine Travel and Immunization Clinic will conduct the necessary testing on a case-by-case basis to arrive at the correct diagnosis of the illness or disease you may have contracted while traveling. (mdicare.com)
- The Mail on Sunday can now reveal that his absence from the screen earlier this year was due to an extreme illness after receiving a yellow fever vaccination. (whale.to)
- Most common vaccine preventable illness in travellers. (travelvax.com.au)
Viscerotropic disease3
- This reaction, known as yellow fever vaccine-associated acute viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD), causes a fairly severe disease closely resembling yellow fever caused by virulent strains of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
- Neurotropic and viscerotropic serious adverse events associated with these vaccines occur rarely, but YF 17D vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) is notable for its lethality. (nih.gov)
- In a retrospective analysis of patients with yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease accompanied by shock, 75% of those treated with stress-dose steroids survived, compared with 29% of those not treated with stress-dose steroids. (medscape.com)
Mosquitoes9
- Areas with greater population densities and higher numbers of man-made habitats where mosquitoes can lay their eggs increase the risk of yellow fever transmission in the urban setting. (asm.org)
- While yellow fever may be rare for visitors to northern countries, including the United States, it is transmitted by infected mosquitoes, so care should always be taken. (carrington.edu)
- Yellow fever is transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. (carrington.edu)
- The government of Brazil with the support of PAHO/WHO is working to ensure protection of its population and preventing further spread of the yellow fever virus, which is transmitted to humans via mosquitoes. (brazzil.com)
- Yellow fever is a serious infection spread by mosquitoes with the possibility of death. (pharmavaccs.co.uk)
- Yellow fever is passed to humans by bites from infected mosquitoes which tend to bite during daylight hours. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- Yellow fever is an acute communicable disease that is transmitted to human beings by infected Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes and can spread rapidly. (9guiders.com)
- Washington State does not have the type of mosquitoes known to carry the yellow fever virus. (wa.gov)
- Multiple factors should be considered in making decisions about YF vaccination, including specific destination, season of the year, local evidence for YF transmission, likelihood of exposure to vector mosquitoes and individual risk factors for YEL-AVD, with the goal of increasing vaccine coverage for travel to high-risk areas and reducing unnecessary vaccination. (nih.gov)
Infection18
- It was estimated that given the widespread distribution of the Aedes aegypti mosquito to every continent , nearly 3 billion people were at risk of acquiring yellow fever infection. (asm.org)
- The yellow fever vaccination is the best way to protect against the yellow fever virus, a severe and sometimes fatal infection. (sunwaymedical.com)
- Yellow fever vaccine consits of an infection usually given in your upper arm. (pharmavaccs.co.uk)
- Ribavirin, given at high doses to hamsters challenged with yellow fever, has been shown to reduce mortality when administered as late as 120 hours after infection. (medscape.com)
- Yellow fever infection is a rare kind of infection but very deadly. (9guiders.com)
- It does not have a cure but you can prevent yourself from getting the infection by getting the yellow fever vaccine. (9guiders.com)
- The yellow fever vaccine will help you not to contact the infection and thus stay healthy all the rest of your life. (9guiders.com)
- The yellow fever vaccine is everywhere in Nigeria, people can take it to prevent a breakout of the infection. (9guiders.com)
- Symptoms can be confused with severe malaria, leptospirosis, viral hepatitis, other haemorrhagic fevers, infection with other flaviviruses and poisoning. (9guiders.com)
- However, Polymerase chain reaction testing in blood and urine can sometimes detect the yellow fever infection in the early stages of the disease, and in later stages, testing to identify antibodies is needed. (9guiders.com)
- However, in the case where vaccination coverage is low or the vaccine is not readily available, mosquito control can also help to prevent yellow fever infection. (9guiders.com)
- It is not easy to diagnose yellow fever infection just by the symptoms because the symptoms sometimes resemble that of malaria. (9guiders.com)
- Remember, an individual can contract yellow fever at any time if they are in an area where the infection is present and they have not been vaccinated. (virusprotips.com)
- Getting the yellow fever vaccine can reduce your risk of getting this viral infection. (solvhealth.com)
- Specifically, everyone wanted evidence that fractional dose vaccination caused an immune response in recipients that would be sufficient to protect them from yellow fever virus infection. (cdc.gov)
- The rapid development of a safe and effective vaccine to prevent the Zika virus (ZIKV) is a global priority, as infection in pregnant women has been shown to lead to fetal microcephaly and other major birth defects. (news-medical.net)
- For Ebola, it was the absence of even the most basic infrastructures and capacities for surveillance, diagnosis, infection control and clinical care, unaided by any vaccines or specific treatments. (who.int)
- Doctors suspect yellow fever when people living in an area where the infection is common have typical symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
Severe10
- There is a small risk of more severe yellow fever-like disease associated with the vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
- Anyone with a severe (life-threatening) allergy to any component of the vaccine, including eggs, chicken proteins, or gelatin, or who has had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of yellow fever vaccine should not get yellow fever vaccine. (medlineplus.gov)
- The shortage was so severe during the 2015-2017 outbreak that the allotted global stockpile of yellow fever vaccine (6 million doses) was depleted numerous times . (asm.org)
- More severe symptoms include hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever. (passporthealthusa.com)
- You should not have the yellow fever vaccine if you have had a severe (anaphylactic) reaction in the past to egg. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- Only one child experienced a severe vaccine reaction (possible anaphylaxis). (awayclinic.com)
- West Nile virus is rare, but if you have symptoms including high fever, severe headache and stiff neck, contact your health care provider immediately. (craigdailypress.com)
- An explanation that the traveller received a fractional dose due to a severe vaccine shortage is written on the waiver. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- Some people then recover, but others develop a high fever, nausea, vomiting, and severe generalized pain a few hours or days after the initial symptoms subside. (msdmanuals.com)
- 30 to 60% of people with severe bleeding and fever die. (msdmanuals.com)
Shortage6
- A recent resurgence of YF in Africa and South Americahas exposed the YFV vaccine supply shortage that is insufficient to fight this major publichealth problem.In this project, Universal Stabilization Technologies (UST) in collaboration with University ofTexas Medical Branch (UTMB) will apply UST's novel approach for development ofthermostable, inactivated, and potent vaccine against YF starting with wild-type YFV. (sbir.gov)
- While this may seem like a simple and obvious solution for outbreaks like the one in Angola, there is a significant challenge: a yellow fever vaccine shortage. (asm.org)
- Is there a shortage of yellow fever vaccine? (thecrucibleonscreen.com)
- Is the Yellow Fever Vaccine Shortage Really 'Bugging' You? (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- Due to the extreme vaccine shortage TravelSafe Clinic is only able to offer a fractional dose when the vaccine is in stock. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- Due to this vaccine shortage, WHO recommended a strategy that had worked well in a couple of small studies but had never been used during a large-scale response effort: administering 1/5 of the regular dose (also called a "fractional" dose). (cdc.gov)
Stockpile of yellow fever1
- To stop the spread, Brazil increased its production of yellow fever vaccines and, in early 2017, also requested and received 3.5 million doses of the vaccine from the International Coordinating Group (ICG), which manages the global emergency stockpile of yellow fever vaccines. (harvard.edu)
Cases of yellow fever6
- Since yellow fever vaccination began in the 1930s, only 12 known cases of yellow fever post-vaccination have been identified, after 600 million doses have been dispensed. (wikipedia.org)
- The first suspected cases of yellow fever were reported in individuals visiting Luanda from Eritrea . (asm.org)
- Fatal cases of yellow fever have occurred in unvaccinated tourists visiting areas within the yellow fever endemic zone. (passporthealthusa.com)
- In fact there've already been some cases of yellow fever imported to China during this Angola outbreak. (npr.org)
- The first reported cases of yellow fever occurred in 1685, and the virus spread to most of the country in the mid 1800s. (harvard.edu)
- Brazil is the only country where new cases of yellow fever have been reported this year, the Pan American Health Organization said. (fox47news.com)
Need a yellow fever vaccination1
- Talk to your healthcare provider to determine if you need a yellow fever vaccination or a booster shot before your trip to an area at risk for yellow fever. (cdc.gov)
20212
- U.S. Yellow Fever Vaccine Access Sanofi Pasteur, the manufacturer of the only yellow fever vaccine (YF-Vax) licensed in the United States, expects to provide an update on the return to supply of YF-Vax in June 2021. (thecrucibleonscreen.com)
- Sanofi Pasteur is pleased to announce that effective April 5, 2021, YF-VAX® (Yellow Fever Vaccine) is available for purchase in the U.S. for authorized YF-VAX providers. (thecrucibleonscreen.com)
Antibodies6
- Present day supplies of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) have been found to contain high titers of yellow fever antibodies. (medscape.com)
- The vaccine stimulates your body to make antibodies against the yellow fever virus. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- These samples are currently being tested to see if participants developed antibodies that will protect them against yellow fever. (cdc.gov)
- One year after vaccination, evaluation staff will collect an additional blood sample from participants to see if the levels of antibodies are still high enough to provide protection against yellow fever. (cdc.gov)
- The yellow fever vaccines (YF-17D-204 and 17DD) are considered to be among the safest vaccines and the presence of neutralizing antibodies is correlated with protection, although other immune effector mechanisms are known to be involved. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Doctors diagnose yellow fever by growing (culturing) the virus, by doing blood tests to detect antibodies to the virus, or by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to help identify the virus's genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
Centers3
- Yellow fever vaccine is given only at designated vaccination centers. (medlineplus.gov)
- With yellow fever circling São Paulo , these imagined ramifications have taken on a tangible veneer, and the fight to keep yellow fever out of Brazil's large urban centers illustrates the importance of global vaccine stockpiles in preventing epidemics from taking hold. (harvard.edu)
- In general, yellow fever vaccines will be available at Bessie-area urgent care centers, retail clinics, primary care doctor offices, local pharmacies and travel vaccination centers. (solvhealth.com)
Headache2
- The syndrome of YEL-AND is characterized by fever, headache, and focal or generalized neurologic dysfunction. (medscape.com)
- Up to 3 in 10 people who are immunised with yellow fever vaccine have mild headache, muscle aches, mild fever or soreness at the injection site. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
Least 10 days3
- Yellow fever vaccine should be given at least 10 days before entering a country where immunisation is a legal requirement in order to avoid quarantine procedures. (sunwaymedical.com)
- This may be an option if you will not be at yellow fever risk or required to show the vaccine certificate for at least 10 days following vaccination and if you have no major medical issues. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- The yellow fever vaccine "is only effective if received at least 10 days prior to arrival in an at-risk area," the CDC said. (fox47news.com)
Routine immunization schedule2
- Hepatitis A (HepA) vaccine is part of the routine immunization schedule for all children in the US and most developed countries. (travelbughealth.com)
- As per WHO recommendations that all endemic countries should include the yellow fever vaccine into their routine immunization programmes, Sudan plans to introduce the yellow fever vaccine into its national routine immunization schedule as of July 2020. (who.int)
Common vaccine-preventable1
- Hepatitis A is a serious viral disease transmitted by food and water and is the second most common vaccine-preventable disease in the world (after the flu). (travelbughealth.com)
2016 yellow fever3
- During 2016 some 30 million doses of yellow fever vaccine from WHO's emergency vaccine stockpile were deployed to the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola during the 2016 yellow fever outbreaks in those countries. (brazzil.com)
- The December 2016 yellow fever outbreak in Brazil changed this pattern, with the disease re-emerging in parts of the country that do not conduct routine vaccination as shown in the map below. (harvard.edu)
- As of July 2016 yellow fever certificate validity changed from 10 years to life of the person vaccinated. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
Diseases5
- The technologies developed in this project couldeventually provide a platform technology for quick development of safe, thermostable,and effective vaccines against other emerging diseases.Project NarrativeThis research first explores feasibility of producing a safe, effective, low cost thermostablevaccine against Yellow Fever virus, which could ultimately be administered to patients viarespiratory or non-needle delivery. (sbir.gov)
- For this project, wild-type Yellow Fever virus will bethermostabilized by Universal Stabilization Technologies' innovative "Preservation byVaporization" process, followed by electron beam inactivation to create a potent vaccine.The technologies developed in this project could eventually become a platform technologyfor quick development of safe, effective, and thermostable vaccines against otherinfectious diseases. (sbir.gov)
- Don't let preventable diseases like Yellow Fever disrupt your travel plans or compromise your well-being. (neemtreepharmacy.co.uk)
- There was speculation that Weil's disease and yellow fever might be identical or closely related diseases, and Noguchi sought spirochetes in Ecuador. (brewminate.com)
- Areas where vaccine preventable diseases such as yellow fever, are endemic. (cdc.gov)
Travellers3
- Travellers should have the vaccine ten days prior to being in an endemic area. (wikipedia.org)
- Travellers over the age of nine months to countries where yellow fever is a risk. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- Also, Nigeria requires a yellow fever vaccination certificate from all travellers aged 9 months before they can enter the country. (9guiders.com)
Preventable4
- The ICG was established in 1997 to assist in the containment of outbreaks of bacterial meningitis, a vaccine-preventable inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. (harvard.edu)
- However, yellow fever is a vaccine-preventable disease, so you can take the yellow fever vaccine to prevent yourself from getting infected. (9guiders.com)
- Yellow fever disease can be preventable using a single dose of yellow fever vaccine, which provides impunity for life. (9guiders.com)
- As no cure yet exists, yellow fever vaccine is the most important tool to control this fatal yet preventable disease. (who.int)
Sanofi Pasteur1
- Last year, the CDC announced that yellow fever vaccine supplies were expected to run out in the US after Sanofi Pasteur, which produces the YF-Vax vaccine, implemented restricted ordering following manufacturing problems. (fox47news.com)
Outbreaks of yellow fever2
- Implementation of the global strategy which is jointly governed by WHO, UNICEF and GAVI, ensures support to countries to respond to an increased risk of urban outbreaks of yellow fever with international spread. (brazzil.com)
- These factors have previously resulted in at least four outbreaks of yellow fever in Sudan. (who.int)
Mosquito-borne1
- Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that occurs mainly in the tropics. (msdmanuals.com)
Effective vaccine2
- Although an alternative was offered which is not licensed in the USA, the limited availability of an effective vaccine could be dangerous in the event of an epidemic. (mpg.de)
- In 1951, Max Theiler of the Rockefeller Foundation received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of an effective vaccine against yellow fever-a discovery first reported in the JEM 70 years ago. (thecrucibleonscreen.com)
Virus24
- The vaccine is made from weakened yellow fever virus. (wikipedia.org)
- Yellow fever is a serious disease caused by the yellow fever virus. (medlineplus.gov)
- Yellow fever vaccine is a live, weakened virus. (medlineplus.gov)
- Laboratory personnel who might be exposed to yellow fever virus or vaccine virus. (medlineplus.gov)
- You should not donate blood for 14 days following the vaccination, because there is a risk of transmitting the vaccine virus through blood products during that period. (medlineplus.gov)
- One of the most effective prevention measures against YF is vaccination with the live, attenuated YF 17D substrain virus vaccine. (cdc.gov)
- YF vaccine is recommended for persons aged ≥9 months who are traveling to or living in areas with risk for YF virus transmission [CDC 2010]. (cdc.gov)
- Evaluate protective efficacy of the YFV vaccine candidate againstviscerotropic YF in a hamster model.Our immediate goal is to prove feasibility of a safe, effective, low-cost thermostablevaccine against Yellow Fever virus. (sbir.gov)
- Yellow fever vaccine is still produced by the original methods used by Dr. Max Theiler and his team when they developed the vaccine in the 1930s-growing the virus in eggs repeatedly until a viral load is reached that is considered acceptable for administration. (asm.org)
- Yellow fever is caused by a virus and is also known as the yellow plague or yellow jack. (carrington.edu)
- Yellow fever virus has three transmission cycles: jungle (sylvatic), inter-mediate (savannah), and urban. (carrington.edu)
- Workers who handle material that may be infected by the yellow fever virus. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- Yellow fever vaccine is a live-attenuated virus vaccine that has been available since the 1930s. (thecrucibleonscreen.com)
- YF-VAX®, Yellow Fever Vaccine, for subcutaneous use, is prepared by culturing the 17D-204 strain of yellow fever virus in living avian leukosis virus-free (ALV-free) chicken embryos. (thecrucibleonscreen.com)
- The virus has to have some place to grow and reproduce, and the current yellow fever vaccine uses the actual virus, in its weakened form . (awayclinic.com)
- The chicken eggs are not a necessary vaccine component but it is highly likely that some of the material from the eggs can end up in the vaccine due to the way the virus was propagated. (awayclinic.com)
- Yellow fever is a potentially serious and life threatening disease caused by a virus spread by an infected mosquito. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- An important person in the story is Max Theiler, who was Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health at Yale from 1964-67, and whose work on virus attenuation created the modern vaccine and earned him the Nobel Prize. (brewminate.com)
- How can I protect myself from yellow fever virus? (wa.gov)
- The first of five early stage clinical trials to test the safety and ability of an investigational Zika vaccine candidate called the Zika Purified Inactivated Virus (ZPIV) vaccine to generate an immune system response has begun at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Clinical Trial Center in Silver Spring, Maryland. (news-medical.net)
- Saint Louis University's Center for Vaccine Development is studying an investigational vaccine for yellow fever, a potentially deadly disease that is spread by the same mosquito that transmits Zika virus. (news-medical.net)
- In this report, a library of 653 partially overlapping 15-mer peptides covering the envelope (Env) and nonstructural (NS) proteins 1 to 5 of the vaccine was utilized to perform a comprehensive analysis of the virus-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Currently, a vaccine is available for yellow fever virus. (news-medical.net)
- It consists of a live attenuated 17D strain of the YELLOW FEVER VIRUS. (bvsalud.org)
Malaria1
- Do I need yellow fever and / or malaria vaccines to visit Finca Suasie? (fincasuasie.com)
Eggs4
- medical citation needed] The majority of adverse reactions to the 17D vaccine result from allergic reaction to the eggs in which the vaccine is grown. (wikipedia.org)
- The production of vaccines currently requires about half a billion chicken eggs per annum, which causes some problems. (mpg.de)
- Because influenza and yellow fever vaccines are both made in eggs, egg proteins (primarily ovalbumin) are present in the final products. (thecrucibleonscreen.com)
- An interesting fact is that the yellow fever vaccine commonly used around the world is cultivated in chicken eggs. (awayclinic.com)
Prevention3
- Prior to the development of a vaccine, passive immunization was utilized in the prevention and management of yellow fever. (medscape.com)
- The prevention of yellow fever outbreaks can only be attained if the majority of the population is immunized by taking the vaccine. (9guiders.com)
- His thorough study found the vaccines poorly conceived or ineffective [1], so that by the turn of the century there was essentially no progress in yellow fever prevention. (brewminate.com)
Epidemics5
- WHO is also supporting other yellow fever endemic countries through the Eliminating Yellow Fever Epidemics (EYE) Strategy. (brazzil.com)
- The ICG's main role is to provide emergency vaccines to countries experiencing epidemics of meningitis, yellow fever (since 2001), and cholera (since 2013), though the organization also provides syringes, medication, and support in the design and planning of vaccination campaigns. (harvard.edu)
- The ICG exists to make sure life-saving vaccines will not disappear during an outbreak," says Dr. William Perea, the World Health Organization's (WHO) Coordinator for Control of Epidemics and Mass Interventions. (harvard.edu)
- The vaccination campaign is led by the Federal Ministry of Health and supported by WHO, UNICEF and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, in line with the WHO Global Strategy for the Elimination of Yellow Fever Epidemics (EYE). (who.int)
- In the past, major epidemics of yellow fever caused tens of thousands of deaths. (msdmanuals.com)
Lifetime2
- The yellow fever vaccine lasts a lifetime, Most people won't need any boosters for future travel. (pharmavaccs.co.uk)
- One single dose of the yellow fever vaccine offers lifetime protection. (who.int)
Mild2
- Most of the children who did react to the vaccine showed only mild skin rash. (awayclinic.com)
- Most people infected with yellow fever have mild or no symptoms. (wa.gov)
International Coordinating Group1
- In response to the yellow fever outbreak currently on-going in Brazil some 3.5 million doses of vaccine from the emergency stockpile were deployed to the country through the International Coordinating Group (ICG) on Vaccine Provision for yellow fever. (brazzil.com)
Symptoms of yellow4
- The symptoms of yellow fever are quite varied. (carrington.edu)
- Symptoms of yellow fever usually begin three to six days after a bite and last about three or four days. (fox47news.com)
- What are the symptoms of yellow fever? (wa.gov)
- Symptoms of yellow fever usually appear about 3 to 6 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. (msdmanuals.com)
Booster4
- For most people, a single dose of yellow fever vaccine provides long-lasting protection and a booster dose of the vaccine is not needed. (cdc.gov)
- Therefore, if 10 or more years have elapsed since the last vaccination, people planning travel to a country with a YF vaccination entry requirement need to receive a booster dose of the vaccine. (cdc.gov)
- The ACIP Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Work Group was reformed to include YF vaccine in October 2013 to discuss the need for booster doses of YF vaccine. (cdc.gov)
- Therefore a yellow fever booster is no longer needed if it has been longer than 10 years since previous vaccination. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
Zika1
- For Zika, we are again taken by surprise, with no vaccines and no reliable or widely available diagnostic tests. (who.int)
Appointment6
- Yellow Fever Vaccine Appointment - Required Consult A consultation is required to receive a Yellow Fever Vaccine. (jotform.com)
- It is best to arrange an appointment with your GP or a travel clinic doctor six to eight weeks prior to departure in case a series of vaccines are needed. (sunwaymedical.com)
- If you need the vaccine you will then need to book a separate appointment to return for a yellow fever fractional dosing clinic. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- It may be possible to make a vaccine appointment if travelling through airports in Frankfurt, London, Munich, Paris, Johannesburg, and Mexico City. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- Regardless of the kind of vaccine you are seeking, Solv can help you book an appointment. (solvhealth.com)
- Can I make a same-day appointment for a yellow fever vaccine in Bessie? (solvhealth.com)
Hemorrhagic fever3
- SummaryYellow Fever (YF) is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever disease caused by Yellow Fevervirus (YFV) and an estimated 200,000 YF infections occur annually. (sbir.gov)
- Yellow fever is one of many causes of viral hemorrhagic fever . (medscape.com)
- For several weeks, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been facing a new outbreak of the hemorrhagic fever Ebola. (pasteur.fr)
Disease24
- The vaccine can be used to control outbreaks of disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Some countries require a yellow fever vaccination certificate before entry from a country where the disease is common. (wikipedia.org)
- Evidence showed that among this small number of "vaccine failures", all cases developed the disease within five years of vaccination. (wikipedia.org)
- Another reaction to the yellow fever vaccine is known as yellow fever vaccine-associated acute neurotropic disease (YEL-AND). (wikipedia.org)
- People with yellow fever disease usually have to be hospitalized. (medlineplus.gov)
- In April 2017, for example, the US Center for Disease Control announced that the only licensed vaccine against yellow fever would no longer be available in the United States by the end of 2018. (mpg.de)
- For example, thousands of people became infected with the disease in 2016 during a yellow fever epidemic in Angola and the Congo. (mpg.de)
- Because the yellow fever vaccine is very safe and the disease risk is high, the CDC recommends this vaccine for adults and children over 9 months who will be traveling to high-risk areas. (passporthealthusa.com)
- Max Theiler developed the first vaccine for the disease in 1937. (carrington.edu)
- The world is in danger of running out of vaccines for a deadly disease: yellow fever. (npr.org)
- You first feel a little achy and then there is a sudden onset of fever, the malaise and then there's these headaches," says Ilhem Messaoudi , an infectious disease specialist at the University of California, Riverside. (npr.org)
- Yellow fever is a forgotten disease," he says. (npr.org)
- During disease outbreaks, there is often a rush for vaccines, and richer countries often get access to them more quickly. (harvard.edu)
- Yellow fever vaccine is the best protection against yellow fever disease, which can be fatal. (sunwaymedical.com)
- Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. (sunwaymedical.com)
- Also, a single dose provides life-long protection against yellow fever disease. (sunwaymedical.com)
- Yellow Fever is a serious viral disease which is transmitted by mosquitos, commonly during the rainy season, however can occur all year round. (pharmavaccs.co.uk)
- Nonetheless, the live-attenuated 17D vaccine has been shown to cause wild-type disease in a subset of patients. (medscape.com)
- The proposed cause of vaccine-associated disease is an unsuited host response to the live-attenuated 17D vaccine. (medscape.com)
- Yellow fever is a serious disease. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- An AMC is a legally-binding agreement for an amount of funds to subsidize the purchase, at a given price, of an as yet unavailable vaccine against a specific disease causing high morbidity and mortality in low-income countries. (who.int)
- Yellow Fever vaccine can also be "recommended" to prevent acquiring Yellow Fever, which is a serious and life-threatening disease with no treatment. (travelbughealth.com)
- Known often as "yellow jack" because of the yellow quarantine flag on ships, the disease terrorized populations and severely disrupted trade. (brewminate.com)
- To provide some guidance on this point, the rate of vaccine-related injury is compared with the rate of naturally acquired disease in a new analysis that estimates the immunologically susceptible denominator population in YF endemic and epidemic areas. (nih.gov)
CDC's3
- Consult your health department or visit CDC's travel information website at http://www.cdc.gov/travel to learn yellow fever vaccine requirements and recommendations for different countries. (medlineplus.gov)
- Be certain to consult the CDC's website to learn the travel requirements for different countries and discuss your travel itinerary with the nurse, physician assistant or doctor prior to receiving the vaccine. (virusprotips.com)
- This report updates CDC's recommendations for the use of yellow fever vaccine. (cdc.gov)
20173
- Brazil is carrying out vaccination campaigns for yellow fever in several states, while strengthening surveillance and case management throughout the country since the outbreak began in January 2017. (brazzil.com)
- On 14th March 2017, Brazilian authorities formally requested the ICG for 3.5 million doses of yellow fever vaccine which arrived in Rio de Janeiro on 24 March to be used for vaccination campaigns in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia. (brazzil.com)
- The current outbreak of yellow fever began at the end of 2017 after several cases were confirmed in areas close to São Paulo, the CDC said. (fox47news.com)
Countries where yellow fever2
- The article begins by stating that of the seven people who developed system failure within two to five days of the vaccine in 1996-2001, six died "including 2 who were vaccinated even though they were planning to travel to countries where yellow fever has never been reported. (wikipedia.org)
- 9 months traveling to countries where yellow fever is endemic or epidemic. (cdc.gov)
Million doses of vaccine2
- In a container of this size, the researchers will be able to produce enough viruses for several million doses of vaccine within just a few weeks. (mpg.de)
- More than 18.8 million doses of vaccine have been distributed. (brazzil.com)
Emergency stockpile2
- The ICG oversees a continuously replenished emergency stockpile of 6 million doses of yellow fever vaccine. (brazzil.com)
- The Government of Brazil should reimburse the cost of the 3.5 million doses sent through the yellow fever emergency stockpile financed by Gavi Alliance. (brazzil.com)
Reaction3
- Some people may have an increased risk of developing a reaction to the vaccine, but may still benefit from being vaccinated. (cdc.gov)
- A vaccine, like any medicine, could cause a serious reaction. (medlineplus.gov)
- Of the 435 children who received the yellow fever vaccine, 95.2% experienced no vaccine reaction. (awayclinic.com)
Travel25
- Adults 60 years of age and older who cannot avoid travel to a yellow fever area should discuss vaccination with their doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
- Infants 6 through 8 months of age, pregnant women, and nursing mothers should avoid or postpone travel to an area where there is risk of yellow fever. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you cannot get the vaccine for medical reasons, but require proof of yellow fever vaccination for travel, your doctor can give you a waiver letter if he considers the risk acceptably low. (medlineplus.gov)
- The vaccine is recommended for travel outside urban areas especially in yellow fever endemic zones. (passporthealthusa.com)
- Yellow Fever vaccines are required or strongly recommended for travel to certain countries. (jotform.com)
- Let Tarrytown Pharmacy provide your vaccination and required yellow fever travel consult! (jotform.com)
- We also offer general travel consultations for those who aren't sure what vaccines they may need before a big trip! (jotform.com)
- You should be immunised against yellow fever before you travel to certain countries. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- If you cannot have the yellow fever vaccination and will be travelling to areas where yellow fever occurs cannot be avoided, you will still need advice about yellow fever, certificates to travel and how to avoid mosquito bites. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
- The vaccine is highly recommended for travel to yellow fever endemic regions. (virusprotips.com)
- When travelling to an area with yellow fever risk, especially to areas experiencing an outbreak, the best option is to receive a full dose of the vaccine or to postpone travel. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- Depending on vaccine availability you will either return to TravelSafe Clinic for the fractional dose or be referred to another travel clinic for vaccination. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- You may be able to locate a full dose at other travel clinics in Vancouver that have a greater supply of the vaccine. (travelsafeclinic.ca)
- Be sure to include your travel plans and previous immunizations to give your doctor a better idea of the vaccines you may need. (solvhealth.com)
- Since the yellow fever vaccine is considered elective and in-person visits are not usually covered by medical insurance, it is unlikely video visits with travel vaccination specialists will be covered. (solvhealth.com)
- This is significant when planning your itinerary for two reasons: 1) Yellow Fever vaccine is required for travel from Kenya to Tanzania but is not required for travel from Tanzania to Kenya. (travelbughealth.com)
- 2) Yellow Fever vaccine is highly recommended for travel to Kenya and is not recommended if your travel is limited to Tanzania. (travelbughealth.com)
- You can only obtain a Yellow Fever vaccine at a certified Yellow Fever site because it requires a consultation with a travel health specialist who will review your medical history and itinerary to determine whether a Yellow Fever vaccine is both appropriate and safe for you. (travelbughealth.com)
- The travel health specialist at your local travel clinic is still the best person to decide whether you need the vaccine and to make sure you will not be turned away at the border without one. (travelbughealth.com)
- At our travel and Vaccines Clinic, our Travel medicine specialists are also active members of The International Society of Travel Medicine and The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. (mdicare.com)
- Certain groups of people should not be vaccinated and thus should not travel to areas where yellow fever is prevalent, nor should they travel to areas where a certificate of vaccination is required. (mdicare.com)
- A vaccine is available and recommended for most people who plan to travel to areas with yellow fever risk. (wa.gov)
- He is also the editor in chief of CDC health information for international travel, nicknamed the yellow book. (cdc.gov)
- Travel vaccine cost subject to change. (ucalgary.ca)
- Yellow-fever vaccinating centres for international travel : situation as on 1 January 1985 = Centres de vaccination contre la fièvre jaune pour les voyages internationaux, situation au 1er janvier 1985. (who.int)
Administer2
- Your pharmacist will review your medical history, provide detailed information about the Yellow Fever vaccine, and administer it safely and efficiently. (neemtreepharmacy.co.uk)
- I need someone to help me find them a clinic that does administer yellow fever vaccines for non-americans. (virusprotips.com)
Approved yellow fever vaccina1
- Sunway Medical Centre in one of approved yellow fever vaccinating centres in Malaysia. (sunwaymedical.com)
Allergic2
- Yellow fever vaccine - In the case of the yellow fever vaccine, quantities are sufficient to cause allergic reactions in susceptible patients. (thecrucibleonscreen.com)
- Lopez and colleagues (2023) followed the yellow fever vaccination of 435 children, 225 (51.72%) of whom were classified as probably allergic to egg protein. (awayclinic.com)
Centres1
- Yellow fever vaccine can only be given at accredited centres. (skettyandkillaysurgeries.com)
Lifelong protection3
- There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, but there is a vaccine that is highly effective and offers lifelong protection after just one dose . (asm.org)
- The yellow fever vaccine provides lifelong protection for most people. (thecrucibleonscreen.com)
- One dose of yellow fever vaccine is capable of providing lifelong protection. (cdc.gov)