Xenopus. Medical search

An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

Proteins obtained from various species of Xenopus. Included here are proteins from the African clawed frog (XENOPUS LAEVIS). Many of these proteins have been the subject of scientific investigations in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The developmental stage that follows BLASTULA or BLASTOCYST. It is characterized by the morphogenetic cell movements including invagination, ingression, and involution. Gastrulation begins with the formation of the PRIMITIVE STREAK, and ends with the formation of three GERM LAYERS, the body plan of the mature organism.

A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the OVARY at OVULATION.

The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by cell interactions leads to diversity of cell types and specific pattern of organization (EMBRYOGENESIS).

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

Profound physical changes during maturation of living organisms from the immature forms to the adult forms, such as from TADPOLES to frogs; caterpillars to BUTTERFLIES.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

The outer of the three germ layers of an embryo.

Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription system. This cRNA can be labeled with radioactive uracil and then used as a probe. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

An early non-mammalian embryo that follows the MORULA stage. A blastula resembles a hollow ball with the layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity (blastocele). The layer of cells is called BLASTODERM.

Preparations of cell constituents or subcellular materials, isolates, or substances.

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.

Cellular proteins encoded by the c-mos genes (GENES, MOS). They function in the cell cycle to maintain MATURATION PROMOTING FACTOR in the active state and have protein-serine/threonine kinase activity. Oncogenic transformation can take place when c-mos proteins are expressed at the wrong time.

One of several general transcription factors that are specific for RNA POLYMERASE III. It is a zinc finger (ZINC FINGERS) protein and is required for transcription of 5S ribosomal genes.

The process of germ cell development in the female from the primordial germ cells through OOGONIA to the mature haploid ova (OVUM).

Phospholipoglycoproteins produced in the fat body of egg-laying animals such as non-mammalian VERTEBRATES; ARTHROPODS; and others. Vitellogenins are secreted into the HEMOLYMPH, and taken into the OOCYTES by receptor-mediated ENDOCYTOSIS to form the major yolk proteins, VITELLINS. Vitellogenin production is under the regulation of steroid hormones, such as ESTRADIOL and JUVENILE HORMONES in insects.

Goosecoid protein is a homeodomain protein that was first identified in XENOPUS. It is found in the SPEMANN ORGANIZER of VERTEBRATES and plays an important role in neuronal CELL DIFFERENTIATION and ORGANOGENESIS.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Constituent of the 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes containing about 120 nucleotides and 34 proteins. It is also a constituent of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 5S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

Protein kinase that drives both the mitotic and meiotic cycles in all eukaryotic organisms. In meiosis it induces immature oocytes to undergo meiotic maturation. In mitosis it has a role in the G2/M phase transition. Once activated by CYCLINS; MPF directly phosphorylates some of the proteins involved in nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, spindle assembly, and the degradation of cyclins. The catalytic subunit of MPF is PROTEIN P34CDC2.

Proteins containing a region of conserved sequence, about 200 amino acids long, which encodes a particular sequence specific DNA binding domain (the T-box domain). These proteins are transcription factors that control developmental pathways. The prototype of this family is the mouse Brachyury (or T) gene product.

Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. They bind to FRIZZLED RECEPTORS and act as PARACRINE PROTEIN FACTORS to initiate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

A cartilaginous rod of mesodermal cells at the dorsal midline of all CHORDATE embryos. In lower vertebrates, notochord is the backbone of support. In the higher vertebrates, notochord is a transient structure, and segments of the vertebral column will develop around it. Notochord is also a source of midline signals that pattern surrounding tissues including the NEURAL TUBE development.

Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.

Cells in certain regions of an embryo that self-regulate embryonic development. These organizers have been found in dorsal and ventral poles of GASTRULA embryos, including Spemann organizer in amphibians, and Hensen node in chicken and mouse. These organizer cells communicate with each other via a network of secreted signaling proteins, such as BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS and their antagonists (chordin and noggin).

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

The inner of the three germ layers of an embryo.

The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability.

Proteins obtained from the ZEBRAFISH. Many of the proteins in this species have been the subject of studies involving basic embryological development (EMBRYOLOGY).

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

Short fragments of DNA or RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize.

Proteins that are preferentially expressed or upregulated during FETAL DEVELOPMENT.

A family of histone molecular chaperones that play roles in sperm CHROMATIN decondensation and CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY in fertilized eggs. They were originally discovered in XENOPUS egg extracts as histone-binding factors that mediate nucleosome formation in vitro.

Cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. At least eight major groups of K channels exist and they are made up of dozens of different subunits.

Chromatophores (large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates) which contain melanin. Short term color changes are brought about by an active redistribution of the melanophores pigment containing organelles (MELANOSOMES). Mammals do not have melanophores; however they have retained smaller pigment cells known as MELANOCYTES.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays a role in determining cell fate during embryogenesis. It forms a heterodimer with TWIST TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR and ACHAETE-SCUTE GENE COMPLEX-related TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.

The fertilized OVUM resulting from the fusion of a male and a female gamete.

Undifferentiated cells resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE). Inside the intact ZONA PELLUCIDA, each cleavage yields two blastomeres of about half size of the parent cell. Up to the 8-cell stage, all of the blastomeres are totipotent. The 16-cell MORULA contains outer cells and inner cells.

A process of complicated morphogenetic cell movements that reorganizes a bilayer embryo into one with three GERM LAYERS and specific orientation (dorsal/ventral; anterior/posterior). Gastrulation describes the germ layer development of a non-mammalian BLASTULA or that of a mammalian BLASTOCYST.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is a potent inducer of bone formation. It also functions as a regulator of MESODERM formation during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The two longitudinal ridges along the PRIMITIVE STREAK appearing near the end of GASTRULATION during development of nervous system (NEURULATION). The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

A group of adenine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each adenine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectively

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.

The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Ion channels that specifically allow the passage of SODIUM ions. A variety of specific sodium channel subtypes are involved in serving specialized functions such as neuronal signaling, CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, and KIDNEY function.

Proteins which are found in eggs (OVA) from any species.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.

The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The region in the dorsal ECTODERM of a chordate embryo that gives rise to the future CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Tissue in the neural plate is called the neuroectoderm, often used as a synonym of neural plate.

The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A post-MORULA preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Genes that encode highly conserved TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that control positional identity of cells (BODY PATTERNING) and MORPHOGENESIS throughout development. Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide sequence designated the homeobox, so called because mutations of these genes often results in homeotic transformations, in which one body structure replaces another. The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. Nonselective blockers include FENAMATES; ETHACRYNIC ACID; and TAMOXIFEN.

The membrane system of the CELL NUCLEUS that surrounds the nucleoplasm. It consists of two concentric membranes separated by the perinuclear space. The structures of the envelope where it opens to the cytoplasm are called the nuclear pores (NUCLEAR PORE).

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The founding member of the nodal signaling ligand family of proteins. Nodal protein was originally discovered in the region of the mouse embryo primitive streak referred to as HENSEN'S NODE. It is expressed asymmetrically on the left side in chordates and plays a critical role in the genesis of left-right asymmetry during vertebrate development.

A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

Sodium channels found on salt-reabsorbing EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the distal NEPHRON; the distal COLON; SALIVARY DUCTS; SWEAT GLANDS; and the LUNG. They are AMILORIDE-sensitive and play a critical role in the control of sodium balance, BLOOD VOLUME, and BLOOD PRESSURE.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A cyclin subtype that is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE. It stimulates the G2/M phase transition by activating CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Paired, segmented masses of MESENCHYME located on either side of the developing spinal cord (neural tube). Somites derive from PARAXIAL MESODERM and continue to increase in number during ORGANOGENESIS. Somites give rise to SKELETON (sclerotome); MUSCLES (myotome); and DERMIS (dermatome).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Members of the transforming growth factor superfamily that play a role in pattern formation and differentiation during the pregastrulation and GASTRULATION stages of chordate development. Several nodal signaling ligands are specifically involved in the genesis of left-right asymmetry during development. The protein group is named after a critical region of the vertebrate embryo PRIMITIVE STREAK referred to as HENSEN'S NODE.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Potassium channel whose permeability to ions is extremely sensitive to the transmembrane potential difference. The opening of these channels is induced by the membrane depolarization of the ACTION POTENTIAL.

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the same direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (mos) originally isolated from the Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV). The proto-oncogene mos (c-mos) codes for a protein which is a member of the serine kinase family. There is no evidence as yet that human c-mos can become transformed or has a role in human cancer. However, in mice, activation can occur when the retrovirus-like intracisternal A-particle inserts itself near the c-mos sequence. The human c-mos gene is located at 8q22 on the long arm of chromosome 8.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

Short chains of RNA (100-300 nucleotides long) that are abundant in the nucleus and usually complexed with proteins in snRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEAR). Many function in the processing of messenger RNA precursors. Others, the snoRNAs (RNA, SMALL NUCLEOLAR), are involved with the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

The homeobox gene Pitx2: mediator of asymmetric left-right signaling in vertebrate heart and gut looping. (1/8290)

Left-right asymmetry in vertebrates is controlled by activities emanating from the left lateral plate. How these signals get transmitted to the forming organs is not known. A candidate mediator in mouse, frog and zebrafish embryos is the homeobox gene Pitx2. It is asymmetrically expressed in the left lateral plate mesoderm, tubular heart and early gut tube. Localized Pitx2 expression continues when these organs undergo asymmetric looping morphogenesis. Ectopic expression of Xnr1 in the right lateral plate induces Pitx2 transcription in Xenopus. Misexpression of Pitx2 affects situs and morphology of organs. These experiments suggest a role for Pitx2 in promoting looping of the linear heart and gut. (+info)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway stimulates mos mRNA cytoplasmic polyadenylation during Xenopus oocyte maturation. (2/8290)

The Mos protein kinase is a key regulator of vertebrate oocyte maturation. Oocyte-specific Mos protein expression is subject to translational control. In the frog Xenopus, the translation of Mos protein requires the progesterone-induced polyadenylation of the maternal Mos mRNA, which is present in the oocyte cytoplasm. Both the Xenopus p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and maturation-promoting factor (MPF) signaling pathways have been proposed to mediate progesterone-stimulated oocyte maturation. In this study, we have determined the relative contributions of the MAPK and MPF signaling pathways to Mos mRNA polyadenylation. We report that progesterone-induced Mos mRNA polyadenylation was attenuated in oocytes expressing the MAPK phosphatase rVH6. Moreover, inhibition of MAPK signaling blocked progesterone-induced Mos protein accumulation. Activation of the MAPK pathway by injection of RNA encoding Mos was sufficient to induce both the polyadenylation of synthetic Mos mRNA substrates and the accumulation of endogenous Mos protein in the absence of MPF signaling. Activation of MPF, by injection of cyclin B1 RNA or purified cyclin B1 protein, also induced both Mos protein accumulation and Mos mRNA polyadenylation. However, this action of MPF required MAPK activity. By contrast, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of maternal cyclin B1 mRNA was stimulated by MPF in a MAPK-independent manner, thus revealing a differential regulation of maternal mRNA polyadenylation by the MAPK and MPF signaling pathways. We propose that MAPK-stimulated Mos mRNA cytoplasmic polyadenylation is a key component of the positive-feedback loop, which contributes to the all-or-none process of oocyte maturation. (+info)

Identification and cloning of xp95, a putative signal transduction protein in Xenopus oocytes. (3/8290)

A 95-kDa protein in Xenopus oocytes, Xp95, was shown to be phosphorylated from the first through the second meiotic divisions during progesterone-induced oocyte maturation. Xp95 was purified and cloned. The Xp95 protein sequence exhibited homology to mouse Rhophilin, budding yeast Bro1, and Aspergillus PalA, all of which are implicated in signal transduction. It also contained three conserved features including seven conserved tyrosines, a phosphorylation consensus sequence for the Src family of tyrosine kinases, and a proline-rich domain near the C terminus that contains multiple SH3 domain-binding motifs. We showed the following: 1) that both Xp95 isolated from Xenopus oocytes and a synthetic peptide containing the Src phosphorylation consensus sequence of Xp95 were phosphorylated in vitro by Src kinase and to a lesser extent by Fyn kinase; 2) Xp95 from Xenopus oocytes or eggs was recognized by an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody, and the relative abundance of tyrosine-phosphorylated Xp95 increased during oocyte maturation; and 3) microinjection of deregulated Src mRNA into Xenopus oocytes increased the abundance of tyrosine-phosphorylated Xp95. These results suggest that Xp95 is an element in a tyrosine kinase signaling pathway that may be involved in progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation. (+info)

Voltage sensors in domains III and IV, but not I and II, are immobilized by Na+ channel fast inactivation. (4/8290)

Using site-directed fluorescent labeling, we examined conformational changes in the S4 segment of each domain of the human skeletal muscle sodium channel (hSkM1). The fluorescence signals from S4 segments in domains I and II follow activation and are unaffected as fast inactivation settles. In contrast, the fluorescence signals from S4 segments in domains III and IV show kinetic components during activation and deactivation that correlate with fast inactivation and charge immobilization. These results indicate that in hSkM1, the S4 segments in domains III and IV are responsible for voltage-sensitive conformational changes linked to fast inactivation and are immobilized by fast inactivation, while the S4 segments in domains I and II are unaffected by fast inactivation. (+info)

Acute effects of ethanol on kainate receptors with different subunit compositions. (5/8290)

Previous studies showed that recombinant homomeric GluR6 receptors are acutely inhibited by ethanol. This study examined the acute actions of ethanol on recombinant homomeric and heteromeric kainate (KA) receptors with different subunit configurations. Application of 25 to 100 mM ethanol produced inhibition of a similar magnitude of both GluR5-Q and GluR6-R KA receptor-dependent currents in Xenopus oocytes. Ethanol decreased the KA Emax without affecting the EC50 and its effect was independent of the membrane holding potential for both of these receptors subtypes. Ethanol also inhibited homomeric and heteromeric receptors transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. In these cells, the expression of heteromeric GluR6-R subunit-containing receptors was confirmed by testing their sensitivity to 1 mM alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid. Ethanol inhibited to a similar extent KA-gated currents mediated by receptors composed of either GluR6 or GluR6 + KA1 subunits, and to a slightly lesser extent receptors composed of GluR6 + KA2 subunits. Acute ethanol's effects were tested on GluR5 KA receptors that are expressed as homomers (GluR5-Q) or heteromers (GluR5-R + KA1 and GluR5-R + KA2). Homomeric and heteromeric GluR5 KA receptors were all inhibited to a similar extent by ethanol; however, there was slightly more inhibition of GluR5-R + KA2 receptors. Thus, recombinant KA receptors with different subunit compositions are all acutely inhibited to a similar extent by ethanol. In light of recent reports that KA receptors regulate neurotransmitter release and mediate synaptic currents, we postulate that these receptors may play a role in acute ethanol intoxication. (+info)

Modulation of the channel activity of the epsilon2/zeta1-subtype N-methyl D-aspartate receptor by PSD-95. (6/8290)

A channel-associated protein PSD-95 has been shown to induce clustering of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, interacting with the COOH terminus of the epsilon subunit of the receptors. The effects of PSD-95 on the channel activity of the epsilon2/zeta1 heteromeric NMDA receptor were examined by injection of PSD-95 cRNA into Xenopus oocytes expressing the NMDA receptors. Expression of PSD-95 decreased the sensitivity of the NMDA receptor channels to L-glutamate. Mutational studies showed that the interaction between the COOH terminus of the epsilon2 subunit of the NMDA receptor and the second PSD-95/Dlg/Z0-1 domain of PSD-95 is critical for the decrease in glutamate sensitivity. It is known that protein kinase C markedly potentiates the channel activity of the NMDA receptor expressed in oocytes. PSD-95 inhibited the protein kinase C-mediated potentiation of the channels. Thus, we demonstrated that PSD-95 functionally modulates the channel activity of the epsilon2/zeta1 NMDA receptor. PSD-95 makes signal transmission more efficient by clustering the channels at postsynaptic sites. In addition to this, our results suggest that PSD-95 plays a protective role against neuronal excitotoxicity by decreasing the glutamate sensitivity of the channels and by inhibiting the protein kinase C-mediated potentiation of the channels. (+info)

Characterization of two related Drosophila gamma-tubulin complexes that differ in their ability to nucleate microtubules. (7/8290)

gamma-tubulin exists in two related complexes in Drosophila embryo extracts (Moritz, M., Y. Zheng, B.M. Alberts, and K. Oegema. 1998. J. Cell Biol. 142:1- 12). Here, we report the purification and characterization of both complexes that we name gamma-tubulin small complex (gammaTuSC; approximately 280,000 D) and Drosophila gammaTuRC ( approximately 2,200,000 D). In addition to gamma-tubulin, the gammaTuSC contains Dgrip84 and Dgrip91, two proteins homologous to the Spc97/98p protein family. The gammaTuSC is a structural subunit of the gammaTuRC, a larger complex containing about six additional polypeptides. Like the gammaTuRC isolated from Xenopus egg extracts (Zheng, Y., M.L. Wong, B. Alberts, and T. Mitchison. 1995. Nature. 378:578-583), the Drosophila gammaTuRC can nucleate microtubules in vitro and has an open ring structure with a diameter of 25 nm. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals a modular structure with approximately 13 radially arranged structural repeats. The gammaTuSC also nucleates microtubules, but much less efficiently than the gammaTuRC, suggesting that assembly into a larger complex enhances nucleating activity. Analysis of the nucleotide content of the gammaTuSC reveals that gamma-tubulin binds preferentially to GDP over GTP, rendering gamma-tubulin an unusual member of the tubulin superfamily. (+info)

Identification of a novel domain shared by putative components of the endocytic and cytoskeletal machinery. (8/8290)

We have identified a approximately 140 amino acid domain that is shared by a variety of proteins in budding and fission yeast, nematode, rat, mouse, frog, oat, and man. Typically, this domain is located within 20 residues of the N-terminus of the various proteins. The percent identity among the domains in the 12 proteins ranges from 42 to 93%, with 16 absolutely conserved residues: N-x(11-13)-V-x2-A-T-x(34-36)-R-x(7-8)-W-R-x3-K-x12-G-x-E-x15 -L-x11-12-D-x-G-R-x11-D-x7-R. Even though these proteins share little beyond their segment of homology, data are emerging that several of the proteins are involved in endocytosis and or regulation of cytoskeletal organization. We have named this protein segment the ENTH domain, for Epsin N-terminal Homology domain, and hypothesize that it is a candidate for binding specific ligands and/or enzymatic activity in the cell. (+info)

... calcaratus Xenopus clivii (Eritrea clawed frog) Xenopus epitropicalis (Cameroon clawed frog) Xenopus eysoole Xenopus ... Xenopus parafraseri Xenopus petersii (Peters' platanna) Xenopus poweri Xenopus pygmaeus (Bouchia clawed frog) Xenopus ... Xenopus allofraseri Xenopus amieti (volcano clawed frog) Xenopus andrei (Andre's clawed frog) Xenopus borealis (Marsabit clawed ... fischbergi Xenopus fraseri (Fraser's platanna) Xenopus gilli (Cape platanna) Xenopus itombwensis Xenopus kobeli Xenopus laevis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenopus

... , the Lendu Plateau clawed frog, is a species of frog in the family Pipidae endemic to the Orientale Province ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2016). "Xenopus lenduensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2016: e. ... Xenopus) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with a discussion of the biogeography of African clawed frogs in the ... Xenopus, Frogs of Africa, Amphibians described in 2011, Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, All stub ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenopus_lenduensis

... is a species of frogs in the family Pipidae endemic to the Itombwe Massif of the South Kivu Province of the ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2017). "Xenopus itombwensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e. ... Xenopus, Amphibians described in 2008, Frogs of Africa, Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, All stub ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenopus_itombwensis

... is an extinct species of hamerkop that lived during the Pliocene of South Africa. It was first described by ... Compared to S. umbretta, the modern hamerkop, S. xenopus was larger and had a foot structure more adapted to swimming. Olson, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus_xenopus

"Xenopus boumbaensis Loumont, 1983". African Amphibians. Retrieved 9 November 2018. "Xenopus boumbaensis". AmphibiaWeb. ... Xenopus boumbaensis, the Mawa clawed frog, is a species of frog in the family Pipidae. It is known from a few localities in ... Xenopus boumbaensis is an octoploid species (2n=72). This species occurs in aquatic habitats in the lowland rainforest region ... All Xenopus are characterized by a streamlined and flattened body, a vocal organ specialized for underwater sound production, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenopus_boumbaensis

However, because of confusion with Xenopus laevis, the exact distribution is quite unclear. Xenopus victorianus occurs in all ... Xenopus victorianus, the Lake Victoria clawed frog or Mwanza frog, is a species of frogs in the family Pipidae. It is found in ... Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Xenopus victorianus Ahl, 1924". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2013). "Xenopus victorianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenopus_victorianus

... is a lysate that is prepared by crushing the eggs of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. It offers a ... It is also called Xenopus egg cell-free system or Xenopus egg cell-free extract. The first frog egg extract was reported in ... Later, the same procedure was applied to eggs of Xenopus laevis, becoming popular for studying cell cycle progression and cell ... Extracts derived from eggs of the Japanese common toad Bufo japonicus or of the Western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenopus_egg_extract

Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), the eggs and embryos from these frogs are used in developmental ... Wallingford, J.; Liu, K.; Zheng, Y. (2010). "Xenopus". Current Biology. 20: R263-4. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.01.012. PMID ... Harland, R.M.; Grainger, R.M. (2011). "Xenopus research: metamorphosed by genetics and genomics". Trends in Genetics. 27: 507- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_model_organisms

He was also guided by the advice of Harry Zwarenstein, with whom he was later to co-operate in developing the Xenopus laevis ... Shapiro and Zwarenstein (March 1935). "A Case for the Early Diagnosis of Pregnancy on the South African clawed toad (Xenopus ... On pages 45 and 46 of a review titled 'The introduction of Xenopus laevis into developmental biology: of empire, pregnancy ... SHAPIRO, H. A.; ZWARENSTEIN, H. (19 May 1934). "A Rapid Test for Pregnancy on Xenopus lævis". Nature. 133 (3368): 762. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillel_Abbe_Shapiro

"Host-defense peptides from skin secretions of the tetraploid frogs Xenopus petersii and Xenopus pygmaeus, and the octoploid ... The Bouchia clawed frog (Xenopus pygmaeus) is a species of frog in the family Pipidae found in the Central African Republic, ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2016). "Xenopus pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T58179A18397955. ... Xenopus, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, Amphibians described in 1986, All stub articles, Mesobatrachia stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouchia_clawed_frog

... , Xenopus wittei, is a species of frog in the family Pipidae found in the Democratic Republic of the ... "Xenopus wittei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T58182A18398471. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T58182A18398471. ... Xenopus, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, Amphibians described in 1979, All stub articles, Mesobatrachia stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Witte's_clawed_frog

... (Xenopus muelleri), also known as Müller's clawed frog, is a species of frog in the family Pipidae found in ... "Xenopus muelleri (Peters, 1844) , Amphibian Species of the World". amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org. Retrieved 2021-11-24. v t e ( ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2017). "Xenopus muelleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e. ... Xenopus, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, Amphibians described in 1844, Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters, All stub articles, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Müller's_platanna

The Eritrea clawed frog or Peracca's clawed frog (Xenopus clivii) is a species of frog in the family Pipidae found in Eritrea, ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2016). "Xenopus clivii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T58172A14835202. doi ... Xenopus, Amphibians described in 1898, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, All stub articles, Mesobatrachia stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea_clawed_frog

The Kivu clawed frog (Xenopus vestitus) is a species of frog in the family Pipidae found in the Democratic Republic of the ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2013). "Xenopus vestitus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T58181A18398076. ... Xenopus, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, Amphibians described in 1972, All stub articles, Mesobatrachia stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivu_clawed_frog

... or the Sidamo clawed frog (Xenopus largeni) is a species of frogs in the family Pipidae. Endemic to ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2014). "Xenopus largeni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T58175A14696239. ... Xenopus, Amphibians of Ethiopia, Endemic fauna of Ethiopia, Amphibians described in 1995, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largen's_clawed_frog

The Marsabit clawed frog (Xenopus borealis) is a species of frog in the family Pipidae found in Kenya, Tanzania, and possibly ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2013). "Xenopus borealis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T58170A18397690. ... Xenopus, Amphibians described in 1936, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, All stub articles, Mesobatrachia stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsabit_clawed_frog

Xenopus nrp1; P28824); and receptor-like tyrosine protein phosphatase. The MAM domain is thought to have an adhesive function. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAM_domain

In Xenopus, GSC is thought to play a crucial role in the phenomenon of the Spemann-Mangold organizer. Through lineage tracing ... In the Xenopus, cells that express Gsc become the pharyngeal endoderm, the head mesoderm, ventral skeletal tissue of the head, ... "Xenopus Goosecoid". Interactive Fly, Drosophila. Blum M, De Robertis EM, Kojis T, Heinzmann C, Klisak I, Geissert D, Sparkes RS ... Over activation in Xenopus promotes dorso-anterior migration and dorsalization of mesodermal tissue of the cells along with BMP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeobox_protein_goosecoid

... (Xenopus fraseri) is a species of frogs in the family Pipidae found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2017). "Xenopus fraseri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T89257302A18397804 ... Xenopus, Amphibians described in 1905, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, All stub articles, Mesobatrachia stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser's_platanna

... (Xenopus petersii) is a species of frog in the family Pipidae found in Angola, Botswana, the Republic of the ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Xenopus petersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e. ... Xenopus, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, Amphibians described in 1895, All stub articles, Mesobatrachia stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peters'_platanna

The Cameroon clawed frog (Xenopus epitropicalis) is a species of frog in the family Pipidae found in Angola, Cameroon, the ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2014). "Xenopus epitropicalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e. ... Xenopus, Amphibians described in 1982, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, All stub articles, Mesobatrachia stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_clawed_frog

The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), which Hogben first developed as a model organism, is now one of the most widely used ... Shapiro had been Hogben's student in Cape Town, and he acknowledged that Hogben had suggested that Xenopus was a suitable ... He developed the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) as a model organism for biological research in his early career, attacked ... He confirmed that female Xenopus frogs, when injected with urine from a pregnant woman, ovulated within hours. Hogben found the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancelot_Hogben

... (Xenopus andrei) is a species of frog in the family Pipidae. It is known with certainty only from coastal ... Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Xenopus andrei Loumont, 1983". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2013). "Xenopus andrei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T58169A18397553. doi ... Xenopus, Amphibians described in 1983, Amphibians of Angola, Amphibians of Cameroon, Amphibians of the Central African Republic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre's_clawed_frog

The Lake Oku clawed frog (Xenopus longipes) is a species of frog in the family Pipidae, endemic to Lake Oku, a small crater ... "Xenopus longipes - Lake Oku Clawed Frog". AmphibiaWeb. 2018. Royal Zoological Society of Scotland. "Conservation of Amphibians ... Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Xenopus longipes Loumont and Kobel, 1991". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. ... IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Xenopus longipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T58176A177346697. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Oku_clawed_frog

The three known vertebrate copies are restricted to jawed vertebrates, with some exceptions (e.g. Xenopus tropicalis). TRPN was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_channel

The Uganda clawed frog (Xenopus ruwenzoriensis) is a species of frog in the family Pipidae found in Uganda and possibly the ... Pasquier, Louis Du; Wilson, M.; Sammut, B. (2009). "The fate of duplicated immunity genes in the dodecaploid Xenopus ... "Xenopus ruwenzoriensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T58180A16942495. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS. ... Xenopus, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, Amphibians described in 1973, All stub articles, Mesobatrachia stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_clawed_frog

SA-FRoG) (2017). "Xenopus gilli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T23124A77164368. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS ... The Cape clawed frog, Cape platanna or Gill's platanna (Xenopus gilli) is a species of frogs in the family Pipidae endemic to ... Xenopus, Endemic amphibians of South Africa, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, Amphibians described in 1927, All stub ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_platanna

"Australian Faunal Directory: Gehyra xenopus". biodiversity.org.au. Retrieved 2022-04-01. Gehyra xenopus at the Reptarium.cz ... The crocodile-faced dtella (Gehyra xenopus) is a species of gecko endemic to Western Australia. It was first described in 1978 ... Oliver, P.; Doughty, P. (2017). "Gehyra xenopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T102795918A102795921. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodile-faced_dtella

"Genetic and genomic tools for Xenopus research: The NIH Xenopus initiative". Developmental Dynamics. 225 (4): 384-91. doi: ... Xenopus laevis, 2002.) So far, three different transcription variants (TVs) have been described for CK1δ in humans (Homo ... subsequently affected Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction resulted in development of an ectopic dorsal axis in Xenopus laevis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSNK1D

Fesenko I, Kurth T, Sheth B, Fleming TP, Citi S, Hausen P (August 2000). "Tight junction biogenesis in the early Xenopus embryo ... Citi S, D'Atri F, Parry DA (August 2000). "Human and Xenopus cingulin share a modular organization of the coiled-coil rod ... Cordenonsi M, Turco F, D'atri F, Hammar E, Martinucci G, Meggio F, Citi S (September 1999). "Xenopus laevis occludin. ... In Xenopus laevis embryos, maternal cingulin is recruited to apical cell-cell junctions from 2-cells stage. In 2004, a protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cingulin

Xenbase: The Xenopus Model Organism Knowledgebase.

https://www.xenbase.org/entry/gene/showgene.do?method=display&geneId=6464257

Xenopus amieti Kobel, du Pasquier, Fischberg & Gloor, 1980: 920.. *Xenopus (Xenopus) amieti - Kobel, Barandun & Thiebaud, 1998 ... Xenopus amieti Kobel, du Pasquier, Fischberg & Gloor, 1980 Type locality: "Massif du Manengouba; altitude 2000 m; 5° 03´ N, 9° ... Xenopus amieti sp. nov. (Anura: Pipidae) from the Cameroons, another case of tetraploidy. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 87: 919-926 ... 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN: Xenopus amieti (Near Threatened) Downloaded on 25 June 2008. ...

https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Xenopus_amieti

Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) Common Plantanna, African Clawed Frog. Subgenus: Xenopus. family: Pipidae. genus: Xenopus. ... 2016) have sequenced the genome of another species, Xenopus laevis. Because X. tropicalis is diploid and the X. laevis is ... Trueb, L. (2003). Common platanna, Xenopus laevis. Grzimeks Animal Life Encyclopedia, Volume 6, Amphibians. 2nd edition. M ... Xenopus laevis is large frog which exhibits sexual dimorphism; males (45.6 to 97.5 mm) tend to be be smaller than females (57 ...

https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?where-genus=Xenopus&where-species=laevis

Episode 5.8: Xenopus in Boots Andy and Dave discuss the latest in AI news and research, including a report from the School of ...

https://www.cna.org/our-media/podcasts/ai-with-ai/season-5/5-8

Xenopus laevis, are robust amphibians often used in laboratory studies. Learn proper set up and care for these valuable ... The African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis, are robust amphibians often used in laboratory studies. Learn proper set up and care ...

https://www.flinnsci.com/caring-for-xenopus-frogs/vfm0465/

Manipulating the Early Embryo of Xenopus laevis: A Video Guide. Edited By Robert M. Grainger, University of Virginia, ... Early Development of Xenopus laevis: A Laboratory Manual. By Hazel L. Sive, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research; Robert ...

https://cshlpress.com/default.tpl?cart=15586636115434743&id1=107&startat=1&--woSECTIONSdatarq=107&--SECTIONSword=ww&sortby_1=recency

https://www.cshlpress.com/default.tpl?cart=1669351219505097997&id1=107&startat=1&--woSECTIONSdatarq=107&--SECTIONSword=ww&sortby_1=recency

in Xenopus laevis cell-free extract., El Dika M., Int J Dev Biol. July 1, 2021; 65 (7-8-9): 487-496. ... development in Xenopus laevis., Gärtner C., PLoS One. January 1, 2022; 17 (8): e0273507. ... Predation threats for a 24-h period activated the extension of axons in the brains of Xenopus tadpoles., Mori T., Sci Rep. July ... The secreted BMP antagonist ERFE is required for the development of a functional circulatory system in Xenopus., Melchert J., ...

https://www.xenbase.org/entry/anatomy/attribution.do?objId=3344&objName=ANATOMY_ITEM&objNameSrt=ANAT&attPage=PAPER&action=VIEW&litOnly=1&att=&pageType=ANAT&tabId=1

Multiple Xhox 36 transcripts accumulate in Xenopus embryos from gastrula to early tadpole stages. The transcripts were ... Most of the homeobox-containing Xhox 36 transcripts in early Xenopus embryos cannot encode a homeodomain protein Mol Cell Biol ... However, the intron was spliced efficiently when expressed from a plasmid injected into Xenopus embryos, suggesting that the ... Multiple Xhox 36 transcripts accumulate in Xenopus embryos from gastrula to early tadpole stages. The transcripts were ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1972542/

Xenopus embryos are also amenable to large-scale screening, but studies of kidney disease-related genes have been impeded ... The nephron structure and genetic pathways that regulate nephrogenesis are conserved between Xenopus and humans, allowing for ... Xenopus laevis embryos are an established model for studying kidney development. ... Transgenic Xenopus laevis Line for In Vivo Labeling of Nephrons within the Kidney by Mark E. Corkins ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/9/4/197

Characterization of the high-affinity monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 in Xenopus laevis oocytes Stefan BRÖER; Stefan BRÖER 1 ... The rat monocarboxylate transporter isoform MCT2 was analysed by expression in Xenopus laevisoocytes and the results were ... Characterization of the high-affinity monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Biochem J 1 August 1999; 341 ...

https://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article-abstract/341/3/529/36479/Characterization-of-the-high-affinity?redirectedFrom=PDF

Genetic and genomic tools for Xenopus research: The NIH Xenopus initiative.. Klein SL, Strausberg RL, Wagner L, Pontius J, ... Genetic and genomic tools for Xenopus research: The NIH Xenopus initiative.. Developmental dynamics : an official publication ... marveld2 ( NM_001017292.2 ) cDNA ORF clone, Xenopus tropicalis(tropical clawed frog) -, NP_001017292.1 Xenopus tropicalis ... Xenopus tropicalis MARVEL domain containing 2 (marveld2), mRNA.. pcDNA3.1-C-(k)DYK or customized vector. 7-9. $342.30. $489.00 ...

https://www.genscript.com/gene/xenopus-tropicalis/550046/loading_control_antibody.html?src=pullmenu

A relatively recent vertebrate genome duplication is that in Xenopus laevis, which resulted from the hybridization of two ... Regulatory remodeling in the allo-tetraploid frog Xenopus laevis. Abstract. BACKGROUND: Genome duplication has played a pivotal ... A relatively recent vertebrate genome duplication is that in Xenopus laevis, which resulted from the hybridization of two ...

https://www.garvan.org.au/research/publications/14196

Genus: Xenopus. Species: Xenopus laevis. (Daudin, 1802). Keywords:. African Clawed Frog, (Xenopus laevis), platanna, Amphibians ... African Clawed Frog, (Xenopus laevis), Pipidae This frog is tongueless and lacks a visible ear. The males lack vocal cords. It ...

https://photovault.com/5020

An investigation into how the cell cycle and the Notch signalling pathway regulate pronephrogenesis in Xenopus laevis ...

https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.524222

Home / Water ...

https://xenopus.com/product-category/water-conditioner-2/

Kumagai, Akiko and Dunphy, William G. (1995) Control of the Cdc2/cyclin B complex in Xenopus egg extracts arrested at a G2/M ... Control of the Cdc2/cyclin B complex in Xenopus egg extracts arrested at a G2/M checkpoint with DNA synthesis inhibitors ... Using cell-free extracts from Xenopus eggs, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying the inability of a recombinant Cdc2/ ... This observation indicates that the replication checkpoint in Xenopus egg extracts functions without the inhibitory tyrosine ...

https://authors.library.caltech.edu/3895/

A set of novel tadpole specific genes expressed only in the epidermis are down-regulated by thyroid hormone during Xenopus ... Development of the thyroid metabolism of radio iodide during metamorphosis in 2 species of xenopus xenopus laevis laevis and ... Differential expression of the Xenopus laevis tadpole and adult beta-globin genes when injected into fertilized Xenopus laevis ... Expression profiles of novel thyroid hormone-responsive genes and proteins in the tail of Xenopus laevis tadpoles undergoing ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/008/075/008075333.php

Controlling the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis to conserve the Cape platanna Xenopus gilli in South Africa de Villiers, F ... The widespread African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) occurs in sympatry with the IUCN Endangered Cape platanna (Xenopus gilli) ... There are two Xenopus present in the south Western Cape; X. gilli and X. laevis. In this study I compare and determine the ... Daars twee Xenopus teenwoordig in die suid Wes-Kaap; X. gilli en X. laevis. In hierdie studie vergelyk en bepaal ek die ...

https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/98350

Frog virus 3 (FV3) has been demonstrated to replicate in a Xenopus laevis cell line, XTC-2. The virus has been titrated in XTC- ... The replication of frog virus 3 in an amphibian cell line (XTC-2) derived from Xenopus laevis ... derived from Xenopus laevis. Journal of General Virology, 44(1), pp. 89-97. (doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-44-1-89) ...

https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/86248/

Dissection of the Cell Cycle Using Cell-Free Extracts From Xenopus Laevis. Research output: Contribution to Journal/Magazine › ...

https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/dissection-of-the-cell-cycle-using-cellfree-extracts-from-xenopus-laevis

Integration of Wnt and FGF signaling in the Xenopus gastrula at TCF and Ets binding sites shows the importance of short-range ... Our data suggest that Wnt and FGF both act directly on a common set of target genes during Xenopus gastrulation. Although FGF ... During Xenopus gastrulation, Wnt and FGF signaling pathways cooperate to induce posterior structures. Wnt target expression ... A particularly pertinent example in Xenopus is the study of the cdx4 intronic regulatory region in which the authors showed ...

https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/146/15/dev179580/215055/Integration-of-Wnt-and-FGF-signaling-in-the

Nearly 200 mAbs recognizing target differentiation markers for specific cell types

https://dshb.biology.uiowa.edu/collections/cell-markers/custitem16/MIgG2c,RIgG2a/custitem34/Human,Xenopus

Xenopus HJURP and condensin II are required for CENP-A assembly Rafael Bernad, Rafael Bernad ... Xenopus HJURP and condensin II are required for CENP-A assembly HJURP is a CENP-A chromatin assembly factor sufficient to form ... D) Immunoblot analysis of the extracts used for chromatin assembly in panel E. Antibodies against human and Xenopus HJURP were ... D) Immunoblot analysis of the extracts used for chromatin assembly in panel E. Antibodies against human and Xenopus HJURP were ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/192/5/899/36365/Xenopus-HJURP-and-condensin-II-are-required-for

The aim of the present study was to develop a serum-free medium to culture mature single muscle fibres of Xenopus laevis. As an ... The aim of the present study was to develop a serum-free medium to culture mature single muscle fibres of Xenopus laevis. As an ... The aim of the present study was to develop a serum-free medium to culture mature single muscle fibres of Xenopus laevis. As an ... The aim of the present study was to develop a serum-free medium to culture mature single muscle fibres of Xenopus laevis. As an ...

https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/twitch-and-tetanic-tension-during-culture-of-mature-xenopus-laevi

keywords = "In silico bioactivity prediction, Cheminoformatics, Mechanism of action, Xenopus laevis, Pigmentation", ... Application to Xenopus laevis Phenotypic Readouts. Sonia Liggi, Georgios Drakakis, Adam Hendry, Kimberley Hanson, Suzanne ... Application to Xenopus laevis Phenotypic Readouts. In: Molecular Informatics. 2013 ; Vol. 32. pp. 1009-1024 . ... Application to Xenopus laevis Phenotypic Readouts. / Liggi, Sonia; Drakakis, Georgios; Hendry, Adam; Hanson, Kimberley; ...

https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/publications/extensions-to-in-silico-bioactivity-predictions-using-pathway-ann

Hybridoma technology is used to fuse fusion a B cell and myeloma to form a hybridoma that produces identical monoclonal antibodies.

https://dshb.biology.uiowa.edu/monoclonal/custitem16/MIgA,MIgG3/custitem34/Rat,Xenopus-laevis

Rollins-Smith LA, Blair P. Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on adult T cells in Xenopus is ... Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on adult T cells in Xenopus is metamorphosis-dependent.. ... Using the J-strain of Xenopus and the anticlass II monoclonal antibody, 14A2, we have studied, by indirect immunofluorescence, ... Xenopus laevis, as is the pattern in lymphocyte populations of most mammals. However, unlike most mammals, young ...

https://www.vumc.org/rollins-smith-lab/publication/expression-class-ii-major-histocompatibility-complex-antigens-adult-t-cells-xenopus-m

As a graduate student in the late 1960s at Berkeley, I was introduced to the Xenopus oocyte by John Gerhart, who shared his ... Pioneering the Xenopus Oocyte and Egg Extract System. Journal of Biological Chemistry ...

https://www.jbc.org/reflections?KeywordRaw=Cell+Cycle&startPage=&KeywordRaw=Protein%20Kinases

Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop Independently of Visual Stimulation. Institution: Davidson ... We examined how visual stimulation influenced Xenopus RGC dendritic arborization. Neuronal activity is known to be an important ... Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop Independently of Visual Stimulation ... suggesting that physiological visual activity did not contribute to the morphological development of Xenopus RGC dendritic ...

https://impulse.pubpub.org/pub/o1lg6zau/release/1

Tropicalis Oocytes Genus Xenbase Embryos Zebrafish Frogs Frog Genes Species Genome Gene Genetic Antibodies Gilli Tadpoles Amphibian Aquatic Extracts Extract Induce Development Eggs Craniofacial Stages

Despite the genomic revolution, the first complete genome of a frog, Xenopus tropicalis , was sequenced only in 2010. (amphibiaweb.org)
Xenopus tropicalis MARVEL domain containing 2 (marveld2), mRNA. (genscript.com)
Defining a large set of full length clones from a Xenopus tropicalis EST project. (crick.ac.uk)
dissect phenotypes associated with in vivo disruption of ten ASD-associated genes using a hypothesis-free, parallelized approach in Xenopus tropicalis. (bvsalud.org)
The Lau group will apply the custom meganucleases to improve transgenesis of Xenopus tropicalis for RNA interference methodologies. (brandeis.edu)

Channels in Xenopus laevis Oocytes. (xenbase.org)
A new system to evaluate characteristics of Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1-mediated cholesterol transport using Xenopus laevis oocytes. (xenbase.org)
The rat monocarboxylate transporter isoform MCT2 was analysed by expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes and the results were compared with the known characteristics of lactate transport in heart and brain. (portlandpress.com)
To study the role of chromatin in RA-activated transcription, we assembled the RARβ2 promoter into chromatin in Xenopus oocytes. (elsevier.com)
We also show that EmPlk1 can induce germinal vesicle breakdown when heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes, indicating that it is an active kinase. (plos.org)
The present study is the first demonstration that aβ'Y-rENaC heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes may contribute to oocyte volume regulation following shrinkage. (uab.edu)
Influenza D virus M2 protein exhibits ion channel activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes. (cdc.gov)
The germ cell lineage in Xenopus is specified by the inheritance of germ plasm that assembles within the mitochondrial cloud or Balbiani body in stage I oocytes. (houstonmethodist.org)
D2, D3 and D4 dopamine receptors couple to G protein-regulated potassium channels in Xenopus oocytes. (bvsalud.org)
All those deletion-carrying hIL-6 (delta hIL-6) proteins were then produced in Xenopus laevis oocytes and examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). (uniparthenope.it)

Frogs in the genus Xenopus are principally aquatic, and have been known to make use of water corridors for dispersal, however overland dispersal has been observed. (sun.ac.za)
Paddas van die genus Xenopus is hoofsaaklik akwaties en maak meestal van waterverspreiding gebruik, alhoewel oorland verspreiding waargeneem is. (sun.ac.za)

Xenbase: The Xenopus Model Organism Knowledgebase. (xenbase.org)

Multiple Xhox 36 transcripts accumulate in Xenopus embryos from gastrula to early tadpole stages. (nih.gov)
However, the intron was spliced efficiently when expressed from a plasmid injected into Xenopus embryos, suggesting that the inefficient splicing of the endogenous RNA is not due to the unusual 3' splice site. (nih.gov)
Expanded retina territory by midbrain transformation upon overexpression of Six6 (Optx2) in Xenopus embryos. (mpg.de)
For example, the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) is the most widely used organism to study gastrulation because the large embryos develop inside a translucent membrane. (asu.edu)
After injecting Xenopus Laevis with human chorionic gonadotropin to induce ovulation, I extracted live embryos and microinjected them with mRNA. (tutorme.com)

Here, we review recent progress on aster structure and dynamics in zygotes and early blastomeres of Xenopus laevis and Zebrafish, where cells are extremely large. (princeton.edu)

Xenopus clivii is a species of amphibians in the family pipid frogs . (eol.org)

The African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis , are robust amphibians often used in laboratory studies. (flinnsci.com)
Elliott, R.M. , Arnold, M.K. and Kelly, D.C. (1979) The replication of frog virus 3 in an amphibian cell line (XTC-2) derived from Xenopus laevis. (gla.ac.uk)
Frog virus 3 (FV3) has been demonstrated to replicate in a Xenopus laevis cell line, XTC-2. (gla.ac.uk)
Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are expressed predominantly on B lymphocytes and macrophages of tadpoles of the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, as is the pattern in lymphocyte populations of most mammals. (vumc.org)
An African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis . (walkaboutem.com)
Under Dr. Ann Miller, I studied epithelial barrier function and Rho GTPase regulation in Xenopus Laevis (frog). (tutorme.com)
In Xenopus frog tadpoles, spinal locomotor network output is adapted by an ultraslow afterhyperpolarization (usAHP) mediated by an increase in Na+ pump current. (st-andrews.ac.uk)

Four genes were identified in a screen for thyroid hormone-induced down-regulation of gene expression in Xenopus laevis tadpole tails. (eurekamag.com)
In this study, we characterized microsatellites in genomes and genes of Nanorana parkeri and Xenopus laevis. (who.int)

They also calculated that the lineage of tetraploid Xenopus species originated 17-18 mya from two now extinct diploid ancestors. (amphibiaweb.org)
The Cape Platanna, Xenopus gilli , is restricted in distribution to a few sites in southwestern Cape, South Africa, always in sympatry with Xenopus laevis , an invasive species. (amphibiaweb.org)
A relatively recent vertebrate genome duplication is that in Xenopus laevis, which resulted from the hybridization of two closely related species about 17 million years ago. (garvan.org.au)
All performance trails that included jumping were found to be related to the leg morphology of the two Xenopus species. (sun.ac.za)

2016) have sequenced the genome of Xenopus laevis . (amphibiaweb.org)
Xenopus laevis early development has been studied by developmental biologists for decades and its genome has been fully sequenced. (amphibiaweb.org)

The nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal protein L14 gene of Xenopus laevis. (wikidata.org)
Xenopus models suggest convergence of gene signatures on neurogenesis in autism. (bvsalud.org)

Genetic and genomic tools for Xenopus research: The NIH Xenopus initiative. (genscript.com)
In this work, we review approaches and applications of target prediction, as well as their shortcomings, and demonstrate two extensions of this concept which are exemplified using phenotypic readouts from a chemical genetic screen in Xenopus laevis. (uea.ac.uk)

D) Immunoblot analysis of the extracts used for chromatin assembly in panel E. Antibodies against human and Xenopus HJURP were used to detect GST-HJURP (top) and endogenous xHJURP (bottom), respectively, whereas anti-CENPA was used to simultaneously detect myc-CENPA and endogenous CENP-A (middle). (rupress.org)

Xenopus laevis poses a threat to X. gilli through predation, competition and hybridization. (sun.ac.za)
X. gilli en X. laevis. (sun.ac.za)
In hierdie studie vergelyk en bepaal ek die verspreiding, prestasie vermoë en morfologie van X. gilli en X. laevis. (sun.ac.za)
In Kleinmond was beide X. laevis en X. gilli ingeent met 'n PIT merker, terwyl slegs X. gilli gemerk was in CvGH. (sun.ac.za)

When we compared RGC dendritic arbors from tadpoles reared in dark and light environments, we found no morphological differences, suggesting that physiological visual activity did not contribute to the morphological development of Xenopus RGC dendritic arbors. (pubpub.org)

The pituitary melanotrope cells of the amphibian Xenopus laevis are responsible for the production of the pigment-dispersing peptide alpha-melanophore-stimulating hormone, which allows the animal to adapt its skin color to its environment. (ru.nl)

Using an aquatic model, Xenopus laevis, to uncover the role of chromodomain 1 in craniofacial disorders. (xenbase.org)

Using cell-free extracts from Xenopus eggs, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying the inability of a recombinant Cdc2/cyclin B complex to induce mitosis in the presence of incompletely replicated DNA. (caltech.edu)
We found that the activities of the kinases and phosphatases that regulate the major phosphorylation sites on Cdc2 (e.g., tyrosine 15, threonine 14, and threonine 161) are not altered significantly under conditions where Xenopus extracts remain stably arrested in interphase due to the presence of the replication inhibitor aphidicolin. (caltech.edu)
This observation indicates that the replication checkpoint in Xenopus egg extracts functions without the inhibitory tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of Cdc2. (caltech.edu)

in Xenopus laevis cell-free extract. (xenbase.org)

During Xenopus gastrulation, Wnt and FGF signaling pathways cooperate to induce posterior structures. (biologists.com)

development in Xenopus laevis. (xenbase.org)
Stem cell development involves divergent thyroid hormone receptor subtype expression and epigenetic modifications in the Xenopus metamorphosing intestine. (genefrontier.com)

This image is part of a large data set of Xenopus laevis eggs imaged at various times post fertilization (the first number of the file name corresponds minutes, eg 30_2 is 30 min post fertilization). (ucsd.edu)

22. Reisoli E, De Lucchini S, Nardi I, Ori M. Serotonin 2B receptor signaling is required for craniofacial morphogenesis and jaw joint formation in Xenopus. (bvsalud.org)

drugs on different early life stages of Xenopus laevis. (xenbase.org)

Anatomy28

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes47

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

The homeobox gene Pitx2: mediator of asymmetric left-right signaling in vertebrate heart and gut looping. (1/8290)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway stimulates mos mRNA cytoplasmic polyadenylation during Xenopus oocyte maturation. (2/8290)

Identification and cloning of xp95, a putative signal transduction protein in Xenopus oocytes. (3/8290)

Voltage sensors in domains III and IV, but not I and II, are immobilized by Na+ channel fast inactivation. (4/8290)

Acute effects of ethanol on kainate receptors with different subunit compositions. (5/8290)

Modulation of the channel activity of the epsilon2/zeta1-subtype N-methyl D-aspartate receptor by PSD-95. (6/8290)

Characterization of two related Drosophila gamma-tubulin complexes that differ in their ability to nucleate microtubules. (7/8290)

Identification of a novel domain shared by putative components of the endocytic and cytoskeletal machinery. (8/8290)

Xenopus

Xenopus laevis

Xenopus Proteins

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Molecular Sequence Data

Gastrula

Ovum

Microinjections

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Amino Acid Sequence

Base Sequence

Cloning, Molecular

Embryonic Induction

Mesoderm

Metamorphosis, Biological

In Situ Hybridization

Ectoderm

RNA, Complementary

RNA, Messenger

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Blastula

Cell Extracts

Body Patterning

Larva

DNA, Complementary

Nervous System

Transcription Factors

Activins

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos

Transcription Factor TFIIIA

Oogenesis

Vitellogenins

Goosecoid Protein

Morphogenesis

Transcription, Genetic

RNA, Ribosomal, 5S

DNA

Membrane Potentials

RNA

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Homeodomain Proteins

Maturation-Promoting Factor

T-Box Domain Proteins

Wnt Proteins

Carrier Proteins

Signal Transduction

Sequence Alignment

Recombinant Proteins

DNA-Binding Proteins

Animals, Genetically Modified

Kinetics

Gene Expression

Cell Nucleus

Electrophysiology

Notochord

CDC2 Protein Kinase

Organizers, Embryonic

Protein Biosynthesis

Tail

Endoderm

Ion Channel Gating

Zebrafish Proteins

Mitosis

Oligonucleotides, Antisense

Fetal Proteins

Nucleoplasmins

Potassium Channels

Melanophores

Nuclear Proteins

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Transcription Factor 3

Meiosis

Zygote

Blastomeres

Gastrulation

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4

Mutation

Protein Binding

DNA Primers

Time Factors