Isometric Contraction: Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.Muscle Contraction: A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.Muscle Fatigue: A state arrived at through prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. Studies in athletes during prolonged submaximal exercise have shown that muscle fatigue increases in almost direct proportion to the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Muscle fatigue in short-term maximal exercise is associated with oxygen lack and an increased level of blood and muscle lactic acid, and an accompanying increase in hydrogen-ion concentration in the exercised muscle.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Electromyography: Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.Isotonic Contraction: Muscle contraction with negligible change in the force of contraction but shortening of the distance between the origin and insertion.Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.Elbow: Region of the body immediately surrounding and including the ELBOW JOINT.Recruitment, Neurophysiological: The spread of response if stimulation is prolonged. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.)Muscles: Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.Electric Stimulation: Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.Muscle Fibers, Skeletal: Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.Knee: A region of the lower extremity immediately surrounding and including the KNEE JOINT.Myocardial Contraction: Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.Motor Neurons: Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.Muscle Strength: The amount of force generated by MUSCLE CONTRACTION. Muscle strength can be measured during isometric, isotonic, or isokinetic contraction, either manually or using a device such as a MUSCLE STRENGTH DYNAMOMETER.Uterine Contraction: Contraction of the UTERINE MUSCLE.Sarcomeres: The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena: Processes and properties of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.Muscle Relaxation: That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.Biomechanical Phenomena: The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.Physical Endurance: The time span between the beginning of physical activity by an individual and the termination because of exhaustion.Muscle, Smooth: Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Myosins: A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.Psoas Muscles: A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Volition: Voluntary activity without external compulsion.Quadriceps Muscle: The quadriceps femoris. A collective name of the four-headed skeletal muscle of the thigh, comprised of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.Papillary Muscles: Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.Physical Exertion: Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.Rana temporaria: A species of the family Ranidae occurring in a wide variety of habitats from within the Arctic Circle to South Africa, Australia, etc.Vasoconstriction: The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Ankle Joint: The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS.Myography: The recording of muscular movements. The apparatus is called a myograph, the record or tracing, a myogram. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)Thigh: The portion of the leg in humans and other animals found between the HIP and KNEE.Stress, Mechanical: A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.Elasticity: Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.Muscle Spindles: Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.Rana esculenta: An edible species of the family Ranidae, occurring in Europe and used extensively in biomedical research. Commonly referred to as "edible frog".Myofibrils: The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Muscle, Smooth, Vascular: The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.Leg: The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.Evoked Potentials, Motor: The electrical response evoked in a muscle or motor nerve by electrical or magnetic stimulation. Common methods of stimulation are by transcranial electrical and TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION. It is often used for monitoring during neurosurgery.Muscle Strength Dynamometer: A device that measures MUSCLE STRENGTH during muscle contraction, such as gripping, pushing, and pulling. It is used to evaluate the health status of muscle in sports medicine or physical therapy.Fingers: Four or five slender jointed digits in humans and primates, attached to each HAND.Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.Tendons: Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.Anura: An order of the class Amphibia, which includes several families of frogs and toads. They are characterized by well developed hind limbs adapted for jumping, fused head and trunk and webbed toes. The term "toad" is ambiguous and is properly applied only to the family Bufonidae.Hand: The distal part of the arm beyond the wrist in humans and primates, that includes the palm, fingers, and thumb.Action Potentials: Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.Adenosine Triphosphate: An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.Exercise: Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.Motor Cortex: Area of the FRONTAL LOBE concerned with primary motor control located in the dorsal PRECENTRAL GYRUS immediately anterior to the central sulcus. It is comprised of three areas: the primary motor cortex located on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain; the premotor cortex located anterior to the primary motor cortex; and the supplementary motor area located on the midline surface of the hemisphere anterior to the primary motor cortex.Forearm: Part of the arm in humans and primates extending from the ELBOW to the WRIST.Hand Strength: Force exerted when gripping or grasping.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Knee Joint: A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.Thumb: The first digit on the radial side of the hand which in humans lies opposite the other four.Elbow Joint: A hinge joint connecting the FOREARM to the ARM.Arm: The superior part of the upper extremity between the SHOULDER and the ELBOW.Guinea Pigs: A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Reflex, Stretch: Reflex contraction of a muscle in response to stretching, which stimulates muscle proprioceptors.Weight-Bearing: The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.Cats: The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)Femoral Nerve: A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.Vasoconstrictor Agents: Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.Movement: The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.Aorta, Thoracic: The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.Myosin Light Chains: The smaller subunits of MYOSINS that bind near the head groups of MYOSIN HEAVY CHAINS. The myosin light chains have a molecular weight of about 20 KDa and there are usually one essential and one regulatory pair of light chains associated with each heavy chain. Many myosin light chains that bind calcium are considered "calmodulin-like" proteins.Trachea: The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Norepinephrine: Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.Masseter Muscle: A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.Feedback, Sensory: A mechanism of communicating one's own sensory system information about a task, movement or skill.Hindlimb: Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)Neural Conduction: The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.Work: Productive or purposeful activities.Bupranolol: An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Adaptation, Physiological: The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.Energy Metabolism: The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A technique that involves the use of electrical coils on the head to generate a brief magnetic field which reaches the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is coupled with ELECTROMYOGRAPHY response detection to assess cortical excitability by the threshold required to induce MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIALS. This method is also used for BRAIN MAPPING, to study NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, and as a substitute for ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY for treating DEPRESSION. Induction of SEIZURES limits its clinical usage.Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Reflex: An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.Foot: The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Task Performance and Analysis: The detailed examination of observable activity or behavior associated with the execution or completion of a required function or unit of work.Muscle Weakness: A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)Actins: Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Creatine: An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine.Rana pipiens: A highly variable species of the family Ranidae in Canada, the United States and Central America. It is the most widely used Anuran in biomedical research.Ankle: The region of the lower limb between the FOOT and the LEG.Rest: Freedom from activity.Tremor: Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.Posture: The position or attitude of the body.Heart: The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Vasodilation: The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Vibration: A continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Range of Motion, Articular: The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.Oxygen Consumption: The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)Regional Blood Flow: The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.Phosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.Muscle Tonus: The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)Endothelium, Vascular: Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Body Temperature Regulation: The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature.Electrophysiology: The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.X-Ray Diffraction: The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted: Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.Gastrointestinal Motility: The motor activity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Urinary Bladder: A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION.Lower Extremity: The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the FOOT, and including the BUTTOCKS; HIP; and LEG.15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)Atropine: An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.Functional Laterality: Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.Mathematics: The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Peristalsis: A movement, caused by sequential muscle contraction, that pushes the contents of the intestines or other tubular organs in one direction.Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Caffeine: A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.Actomyosin: A protein complex of actin and MYOSINS occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle.Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.Ileum: The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.Potassium: An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.Motor Activity: The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.Serotonin: A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.Vas Deferens: The excretory duct of the testes that carries SPERMATOZOA. It rises from the SCROTUM and joins the SEMINAL VESICLES to form the ejaculatory duct.rho-Associated Kinases: A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.Recovery of Function: A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.Calcium Channel Blockers: A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.Exercise Test: Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.Myometrium: The smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ.Vasodilator Agents: Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Histamine: An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch: Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.Pressure: A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Basilar Artery: The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries.Adrenergic alpha-Agonists: Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.Mice, Inbred C57BLDiaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries.Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Work loop
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Skeletal muscleMuscularExercisesShortensIsotonic contractionTensionType of contractionVoluntaryTransition from isometricInvolveMeridional reflectionsStrengthenLengthenSecond isometricKind of contractionShortenConcentric ContractionsTypes of contractionsBicepBiceps brachiiWorkoutAbdominalStrengthMovementsResistanceLengthensKneePeakStaticExerciseStretchStabilizersRelaxationOccurHoldMovementIntermittentAnglePeriodsFlexorsBodySquatStomachMeasurementsIntensitiesAnkle
Skeletal muscle6
- What Affects the Strength of a Skeletal Muscle Contraction? (livestrong.com)
- It is concluded that isometric contractions of skeletal muscle can create a force deficit which is much less than that following stretches. (cdc.gov)
- I ratio in isometric and working contractions, which was made using mouse skeletal muscle ( Woledge and Yin, 1989 ), revealed that the ratio was greater in shortening contractions (1.25) than in isometric contractions (1.0). (biologists.org)
- The Relation of Isometric Tension to Length in Skeletal Muscle. (springer.com)
- A flexor muscle is a skeletal muscle whose contraction bends a joint, decreasing the angle between components of a limb, such as straightening the wrist. (prezi.com)
- Energy liberation and chemical change in frog skeletal muscle during single isometric tetanic contractions. (rupress.org)
Muscular13
- Muscular efficiency is the ratio of mechanical work produced to the metabolic energy consumed in the production of that work. (biologists.org)
- In space, that constant muscular work is removed. (nasa.gov)
- Isometric Contraction - Muscular contraction in which tension is developed but no mechanical work is done. (massagenerd.com)
- Isotonic Contraction - A concentric or eccentric muscular contraction that results in movement of a joint or body part, as in lifting a weight. (massagenerd.com)
- But because of the way the human body is built -- to be flexible along certain joints and therefore require muscular contraction to stiffen the body against a load -- people do burn calories (i.e., use energy) while supporting a weight, even if they're performing no work on the load. (straightdope.com)
- Sustained isometric muscular contraction neurologically weakens the lumbar myofascia due to the sudden influx of lactic acid and other toxic waste products. (massagetoday.com)
- Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is a phenomenon associated with certain types of muscular work. (pjmedia.com)
- Suffice it to say that DOMS has nothing to do with lactic acid production during exercise, and that it is an inflammatory response to certain types of muscular work which therefore responds to NSAIDs like naproxen, ibuprofen, and aspirin. (pjmedia.com)
- Adaptation to muscular work is the basis of exercise, and each type of muscular contraction must be adapted to when it is experienced. (pjmedia.com)
- As it turns out, eccentric muscular work is the source of muscular soreness. (pjmedia.com)
- Stomach vacuuming is a gentle breathing exercise that activates and strengthens the transverse abdominis (TVA) deep abdominal muscle via an isometric contraction -- a muscular contraction that isn't accompanied by the movement of a joint. (cafemom.com)
- The bones and connective tissue and muscular systems work together to move the joint into a "flexed" position. (auntminnie.com)
- A simple way to increase stability and strength in the neck is to perform a few basic isometric exercises, which involve muscular contraction against resistance when the length of the muscle remains the same. (auntminnie.com)
Exercises17
- Examples of isometric exercises include holding a weight in place above the ground or pushing against a stationary object. (livestrong.com)
- As such, isometric exercises can help to strengthen a muscle. (livestrong.com)
- Exercises involving isokinetic contractions are often used in rehabilitation settings, and generally require the use of special equipment capable of providing consistent resistance and velocity throughout the activity. (livestrong.com)
- Isometric Exercises That Work! (t-nation.com)
- Isometric exercises are muscle contractions without movement (static contractions). (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
- Isometric exercises involve muscle contractions with no movement of the body part (static contractions). (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
- Work these exercises into your driving routine when they feel appropriate and safe - but do not let your mind or eyes wander from the road! (canadianliving.com)
- But, other exercises work as well. (gymjunkies.com)
- isometric stretching exercises, it is impossible to tap your full potential of flexibility. (flashmavi.com)
- NASA has a special interest in isometric exercises--i.e., non-moving exercises where an astronaut pushes hard against a fixed surface. (nasa.gov)
- What we found," says Baldwin, "was that after 12 sessions, all three types of workout tended to provide about the same amount of muscle growth," even the isometric exercises that involved no motion. (nasa.gov)
- These exercises have a tendency to help people in getting the right method of working out with a decreased chance of injury. (clown-ministry.com)
- When doing the exercises, go at a 3:2:0 tempo (3 seconds working phase, 2 seconds returning phase and 0 seconds rest phase). (skimble.com)
- If your gym doesn't have this piece of equipment, or if you simply prefer to work out at home, don't sweat it - you can target many of the same muscle groups through other kinds of exercises. (elitedaily.com)
- You do have to actually do the exercises on a regular basis - but since they take just 7 minutes, are easily integrated into the chores and activities of daily life, and can even be done while sitting down, there's nothing to discourage you. (streetdirectory.com)
- Important exercises like the squat have both eccentric, concentric, and isometric phases. (pjmedia.com)
- Some exercises will perform the isometric hold in the midrange, while in other exercises will perform the isometric hold in the shortened range of the exercise. (bodybuilding.com)
Shortens8
- As such, an isotonic contraction is one in which the muscle maintains the same tension as it shortens. (livestrong.com)
- In a concentric contraction, the muscle shortens when its tension is greater than the force opposing it, such as your biceps does when performing an arm curl. (livestrong.com)
- In these contractions, the muscle shortens at a consistent rate throughout the motion. (livestrong.com)
- Concentric contraction is isotonic - the length of the muscle shortens as the tension remains the same. (brickbodies.com)
- As the muscle shortens while generating a tensile force (i.e. "pulling"), then, by convention in, the muscle is said to be performing positive work during that phase. (wikipedia.org)
- The contraction shortens the muscle and therefore helps to stretch the rest of the muscle fibers. (flashmavi.com)
- An example would be a bicep curl in which the muscle shortens during contraction and lengthens during release. (azcentral.com)
- Concentric Contraction The muscle fibers contract and generate more force than the resistance that is present so that the ends of the muscle slide toward each other and the muscle shortens. (humankinetics.com)
Isotonic contraction1
- Recent results (unpublished) have also included the determination of the structural behaviour of the myosin heads during the transition from isometric to isotonic contraction. (esrf.eu)
Tension10
- Isometric" means "same length," and in contractions of this variety, the muscle does not shorten and its tension never exceeds the opposing force. (livestrong.com)
- When you perform a regular, full range of motion rep, the tension in the working muscle will vacillate due to biomechanical changes throughout the movement. (t-nation.com)
- Eccentric contractions occur when a muscle generates tension as it lengthens. (azcentral.com)
- Isometric contractions result in muscle tension but no actual joint movement. (azcentral.com)
- 1. Concentric muscle contraction occurs when the muscle generates tension as it gets shorter. (pjmedia.com)
- Just to make sure we're on the same page, by time under tension (TUT) we're talking about the amount of time the working muscle is under tension, as in contracting, during a given set. (anabolicminds.com)
- Whether it's concentric, eccentric, or isometric, muscle contraction increases the tension within a muscle. (anabolicminds.com)
- This seems to happen because faster contraction velocities reduce the mechanical tension produced by each muscle fiber , and therefore the amount of mechanical loading detected by its mechanoreceptors. (medium.com)
- Eccentric contractions occur when you lengthen a muscle under tension. (experiencelife.com)
- Added resistance also comes from other forces, such as the weight of something being carried, an opposing muscle contraction, or even an emotional state (for example, tension, anger, or the effort not to cry will often create resistance, while relaxation, happiness, or relief will often decrease resistance). (humankinetics.com)
Type of contraction4
- A third type of contraction is "isokinetic," or "same motion. (livestrong.com)
- That leaves us with the one type of contraction that's utilized even less than the eccentric - the isometric. (t-nation.com)
- This type of contraction can help improve MMC, and if incorporated into a set efficiently, can also help you to determine more appropriate loading as well. (t-nation.com)
- This specificity of training must consider the type of contraction, the muscle fibre type and the anatomical position required. (brianmac.co.uk)
Voluntary13
- We examine the test-retest reliability of biceps brachii tissue oxygenation index (TOI) parameters measured by near-infrared spectroscopy during a 10-s sustained and a 30-repeated (1-s contraction, 1-s relaxation) isometric contraction task at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (30% MVC) and maximal (100% MVC) intensities. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- It quickly recruits the largest motor units because it's a maximum voluntary contraction. (t-nation.com)
- Graphic and tabulated data on anthropometric statistics, strength and maximum voluntary contraction measurements, electromyographic recording results for lifts of various weights, and endurance of intermittent contractions of various percentages of maximum voluntary contraction, is provided for the 10 test subjects. (cdc.gov)
- In this study, the feasibility of a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) test was investigated in hemato-oncological patients. (hindawi.com)
- Resistance training with an intensity of approximately 50-60% of a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) does not result in high blood pressure values and even has protective effects on the cardiovascular system [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Despite this, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) has been reported as a clinically useful, reliable, and reproducible measure for monitoring disease progression in MND. (hindawi.com)
- This study suggests that MUNE is more sensitive for monitoring disease progression than maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), as MUNE correlates with the number of functional motor neurones. (hindawi.com)
- To examine the contributions of central and peripheral factors to isometric muscle fatigue in stroke survivors, this study investigates changes in motor unit (MU) mean firing rate, and action potential duration during, and directly following, a sustained submaximal fatiguing contraction at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). (frontiersin.org)
- The MVC is an almost 'magical' state of muscle contraction (it stands for Maximum Voluntary Contraction). (fitstep.com)
- The 'onion' part comes from learning how to sequentially contract different layers of muscle in your body (like the layers of an onion) until you build up to what is called an MVC (Maximum Voluntary Contraction) in the entire muscle. (fitstep.com)
- Knee extension performance was measured by 1RM, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), rate of isometric force development (RFD) and peak power. (brinkzone.com)
- MVC (maximal voluntary isometric contraction) force, knee extension maximal power output and RFD (rate of isometric force development) increased in all conditions with no between condition differences. (brinkzone.com)
- A relaxed muscle generally means that there is not an intentional or voluntary contraction of the muscle fibers. (humankinetics.com)
Transition from isometric1
- The active portion of the exercise allows for a contraction, while the assisted portion provides a transition from isometric contractions to free weight movements. (azcentral.com)
Involve3
- Examples of activities that involve isotonic contractions include walking, running or lifting a light object. (livestrong.com)
- Everyday activities, too, involve isometric contraction. (brickbodies.com)
- Eccentric isometrics (EI's) involve performing the negative phase of a lift in a controlled manner and holding the stretched position for a given duration. (pearltrees.com)
Meridional reflections1
- Resolution and measurement of the relative intensities of the peaks in each cluster constituting the meridional reflections shows that during isometric contraction each myosin head in a crown pair has a distinct structural disposition. (esrf.eu)
Strengthen2
- Strengthen your quadriceps muscle with leg extensions only after you are able to perform the towel contraction exercise pain-free. (livestrong.com)
- The influence of work-related exposures on muscle strength has been discussed since the 1980s, where occupational physical activity was thought to strengthen manual workers ( 1 ). (sjweh.fi)
Lengthen2
- A concentric contractions refers to a muscle that is producing power as it's fibers shorten versus eccentric contractions where a muscle produces power as it's fibers lengthen. (bodytonicpilates.com)
- It is important to understand that a muscle can lengthen and be active (an eccentric contraction), can lengthen and be inactive (a relaxed muscle), or can lengthen and gradually change from active to inactive or vice versa. (humankinetics.com)
Second isometric5
- With the 10-6-10 method, you're going to perform a 10-second isometric rep - squeeze and hold the weight in place. (t-nation.com)
- The 10-second isometric can be done at virtually any angle within the movement, but the most effective way is to get the muscle into its shortest position (as opposed to its lengthened position) and hold it there. (t-nation.com)
- The 10-second isometric contraction "primes" the set so you can really get into a solid mind-muscle connection (MMC), but it also helps to dictate appropriate loading for the set. (t-nation.com)
- You're probably not going to be able to start the set with a well-performed 10 second isometric if the weight is too heavy. (t-nation.com)
- The general repetition range we use for these sets is an 8-10 second isometric hold followed by 8-10 normal full-range-of-motion repetitions. (bodybuilding.com)
Kind of contraction2
- This kind of contraction is a muscle lengthening against resistance. (brickbodies.com)
- Learning how to develop this kind of contraction and isometric strength has been incredibly effective for me. (fitstep.com)
Shorten2
- While the entire muscle does not change length during an isometric contraction, the individual muscle fibers will shorten. (livestrong.com)
- Concentric contractions occur when you shorten a muscle under a load. (experiencelife.com)
Concentric Contractions2
- Concentric contractions don't make you sore, and only poorly controlled isometric contractions (where some lengthening has in fact occurred) produce soreness. (pjmedia.com)
- However, some training variables that do not appear to enhance muscle growth also display elevated p70S6K signaling , including eccentric (compared to concentric) contractions. (medium.com)
Types of contractions1
- I wrote about them in the section titled, 'Types of Contractions' in my book, Functional Anatomy of Yoga . (yoganatomy.com)
Bicep4
- There's an isometric hold mostly on the elbow and bicep area. (exrx.net)
- A classic example of a concentric contraction is the first half of a bicep curl. (brickbodies.com)
- An example of an eccentric contraction is the second half of the bicep curl. (brickbodies.com)
- Other times, as in an isometric bicep curl, you stress only one muscle. (crankyfitness.com)
Biceps brachii3
- It is concluded that the reliability of the biceps brachii NIRS parameters during both sustained and repeated isometric contraction tasks is acceptable. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- Ten healthy participants completed a fatigue experiment with isometric contraction of biceps brachii. (springer.com)
- The biceps brachii, or simply biceps, cross the elbow and shoulder joints and work to flex the elbow joint during the exercise. (wikipedia.org)
Workout9
- Do 3 to 5 isometric stretches per workout (max. (flashmavi.com)
- Rest at least 48 hours after a stretching workout with isometric stretches. (flashmavi.com)
- So this will help encourage people to workout and get into isometric contraction definition shape. (clown-ministry.com)
- It can be done on it's own as a full program or workout (as in Todd's Isometrics Strength program) or used as a training method to help develop specific strength for shoring up weak links in your other lifts. (fitstep.com)
- Going back to deeper muscle burn, this workout takes you through twists, flex ions, extensions and isometric contractions. (skimble.com)
- While there's no evidence to suggest that the two stars did this workout together, they both do appear to be using the machines at Heart & Hustle , a gym in Los Angeles, so it's totally possible that their paths might have crossed in what would be one of the most epic friendships ever, IMO. (elitedaily.com)
- Graham is using a functional eccentric trainer, a machine that helps improve strength through balance work,' Sassy Gregson-Williams , certified personal trainer, ballerina, and founder of Naturally Sassy , an online workout studio/ app , tells Elite Daily. (elitedaily.com)
- In essence, it's the overall amount of work a muscle does during a workout. (anabolicminds.com)
- You can make your workout more beneficial if you know your resting heart rate and your target heart rate is the highest number you reach to get maximum benefits from your work out. (boxingscene.com)
Abdominal3
- This, combined with simultaneous abdominal and back contraction, maintains the solid core to lift heavy weights. (nyu.edu)
- To perform the TA and MF co-contraction, you must perform the 'abdominal hollowing' technique with the spine in the neutral position. (brianmac.co.uk)
- As an added bonus, you can use the Stomach Vacuum when doing your regular abdominal work. (bodybuilding.com)
Strength16
- Does a history of physical exposures at work affect hand-grip strength in. (sjweh.fi)
- Objective The aim of this cohort study was to examine associations between physical exposures throughout working life and hand-grip strength (HGS) in midlife. (sjweh.fi)
- Scientific studies have shown that the eccentric portion of a contraction actually provides a greater opportunity for developing muscle strength than the more familiar concentric contraction. (brickbodies.com)
- Some experts contend that isometric contraction is the most efficient and safest way to increase muscle strength. (brickbodies.com)
- We performed a study on a group of asymptomatic subjects that showed a lack of correlation between isometric grip strength and thenar MUNE. (hindawi.com)
- The Jamar hand dynamometer was used to measure isometric grip strength. (hindawi.com)
- Isometric stretching is one of the best methods to improve static passive flexibility and strength in stretched positions. (flashmavi.com)
- Why Distance Running is Not the Answer Reason #1: Immunity Concerns As a strength and conditioning coach, my number one priority in working with athletes is to keep them healthy. (ericcressey.com)
- It Works Static Training's Benefits, Not Just To Static Strength And Muscle Mass Gains, But Also To Full Range Strength. (clown-ministry.com)
- this little-known isometric exercise method requires no movement and quickly boosts your overall strength. (fitstep.com)
- You can't hold it for long, but it's an incredibly strong, powerful contraction that can actually build strength and muscle size even without external resistance. (fitstep.com)
- This technique is described in-depth in a program called ' Isometrics Strength ', created by my friend and colleague, Todd Kuslikis. (fitstep.com)
- The VersaClimber is a great piece of cardiovascular equipment that works the upper extremity as well as the lower extremity," celebrity trainer Gunnar Peterson , director of strength and endurance training for the Los Angeles Lakers, told Health . (elitedaily.com)
- To make the exercise more effective than traditional isometrics, today there are Isometric exercisers that allow you to safely increase the resistance and to measure & monitor your growing strength and fitness level. (streetdirectory.com)
- presents the third in a four-part series on overcoming work-related musculoskeletal issues for sonographers by Doug Wuebben, a cardiac sonographer, along with Mark Roozen, strength coach for the National Football League's (NFL) Cleveland Browns, and Joel Raether, strength coach for the National Lacrosse League's (NLL) Colorado Mammoth. (auntminnie.com)
- A biceps curl helps illustrate the differences between the three contraction phases, says Mark Schneider, a personal trainer and strength coach specializing in injury rehab and trauma recovery. (experiencelife.com)
Movements2
- The eccentric half of contractions have been found to be important in smoothing movements out. (brickbodies.com)
- This contraction distributes energy that provides the stabilization and trunk movements. (gymjunkies.com)
Resistance6
- A concentric muscle contraction is a muscle shortening against resistance. (brickbodies.com)
- Laying on the side of the leg to be worked means gravity can be used to increase resistance. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
- Typically in resistance training, the repetitions of an exercise are increased as the work capacity of a particular muscle improves. (azcentral.com)
- Eccentric Contraction The muscle fibers contract and generate less force than the resistance that is present so that the ends of the muscle slide apart and the muscle actually lengthens. (humankinetics.com)
- Isometric Contraction The muscle fibers contract and generate the same amount of force as the resistance that is present so that the ends of the muscle neither move apart nor move together and the length of the muscle does not change. (humankinetics.com)
- Isometric contractions can be distinguished further: There is a difference in experience between intending to hold still against the resistance of something else trying to move you and intending to move but not being able to overcome the resistance to movement. (humankinetics.com)
Lengthens1
- As the muscle lengthens (while still generating a tensile force), the muscle is performing negative work (or, alternatively, that positive work is being performed on the muscle). (wikipedia.org)
Knee1
- Each alternating knee extension is concentric-only work. (pjmedia.com)
Peak4
- Ballet dancers spend considerable time during their routines with their heels elevated in the peak-contraction calf raise position. (t-nation.com)
- Left) Portion of the X-ray diffraction diagram yielded by a muscle at the peak of isometric contraction. (esrf.eu)
- The results of previous research have shown that passive muscle stretching can diminish the peak force output of subsequent maximal isometric, concentric and stretch-shortening contractions. (nih.gov)
- That's when the weight is too heavy, making a good mind-muscle connection and peak contraction impossible, so much so that the lifter just focuses on "moving the weight" by any means possible. (t-nation.com)
Static5
- 4. These results suggest that hypoxaemia does not alter metabolic changes, i.e. decrease in pH and phosphocreatine during static contraction. (portlandpress.com)
- Static contractions are muscle contractions with no movement of the limb. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
- These contractions are the ones that take place while your body is in a static position. (gymjunkies.com)
- You will lift more weight than to train using static contraction and that's to use a weight that's too heavy. (clown-ministry.com)
- That's because the move requires an isometric holding of weight, a static muscle contraction without any movement, Tamir says. (self.com)
Exercise19
- For example, whenever an individual performs any kind of weight lifting exercise, the first part of moving the weight is a concentric contraction. (brickbodies.com)
- The contraction is held for 5 to 10 seconds before they relax and then repeat the exercise. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
- They tested three types of exercise: muscle contraction, muscle lengthening, and isometric, where the muscle exerts a force while remaining the same length. (nasa.gov)
- By knowing some isometric exercise examples things on these contractions and the benefits that are present with doing them, it will be isometric exercise definition easy for people to see this is the best exercise possible. (clown-ministry.com)
- This is when people should know some of the benefits of doing the isometric contraction type of exercise. (clown-ministry.com)
- So what's the benefit to isometric exercise? (crankyfitness.com)
- Isometric exercise is nice because it changes things up. (crankyfitness.com)
- So: how to manage an isometric exercise? (crankyfitness.com)
- They simply performed an exercise, thought about making a certain muscle work during said movement, and muscle activation increased. (t-nation.com)
- Isometric Exercise- Breakthrough or a Scam? (streetdirectory.com)
- For the low price of an isometric exercise training exerciser you'll have all you need to get in shape - and stay in shape - without the expense of gym memberships, special clothing or an expensive home gym! (streetdirectory.com)
- Isometric exercise offers a safe alternative for all any one any age. (streetdirectory.com)
- Since many isometric exercise can even be done while sitting down, they are appropriate and effective for those with physical limitations, as well. (streetdirectory.com)
- That's why isometric exercisers are so well suited to all exercise groups of all ages and levels of fitness. (streetdirectory.com)
- whether you're already somewhat fit or are a true, lumpy couch potato, a focused program of isometric exercise using an isometric exerciser is your best bet for getting and staying fit without enduring needless pain and expense. (streetdirectory.com)
- Most isometric exercisers come with a complete and up-to-date training programs that walk you by the hand and show you exactly how to exercise properly for amazing results. (streetdirectory.com)
- This exercise works the gluteus medius and minimus. (fitness-vip.com)
- This exercise should not be performed with heavy weights, but instead in sets of 10 to 25 reps, while varying the working angle without much recuperation time until you feel a burn. (fitness-vip.com)
- As an exercise science major, the increasing popularity of foam rollers originally caught my attention, and the limited research on how they actually work held my attention and led me to help develop a collaborative study. (unh.edu)
Stretch6
- What is repeated stretch (contractions)? (studystack.com)
- In this lesson you will learn how to apply an isometric stretch. (flashmavi.com)
- First off, let me explain how an isometric stretch works. (flashmavi.com)
- Even if it feels very uncomfortable to stretch further, the contraction will make it ok. (flashmavi.com)
- Actually the contraction can even make the stretch more comfortable. (flashmavi.com)
- For example when you do an isometric front split stretch. (flashmavi.com)
Stabilizers1
- The problem worsens since contractile tissues designed to move bones are now required to work as spinal stabilizers. (massagetoday.com)
Relaxation1
- For example, Peterson and Alpert ( 1991 ) implicitly assumed that the energy output associated with shortening was synchronous with shortening, but, at least in isometric contractions, a substantial fraction of the initial energy output associated with a single twitch appears late in the contraction, during force relaxation ( Mast and Elzinga, 1990 ). (biologists.org)
Occur2
- In 1957, Andrew Huxley proposed how this relative sliding might occur, and provided a mathematical framework for what is now known as the cross-bridge theory of muscle contraction ( Huxley, 1957 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Isometric contractions occur when you tighten a muscle without shortening or lengthening it. (experiencelife.com)
Hold12
- Hold the contraction for five seconds, and then relax. (livestrong.com)
- Hold the contraction for a count of one, and then lower your foot back to the floor. (livestrong.com)
- And the routines that gymnasts do from the rings consist of moving from one isometric hold to the next as opposed to busting out endless reps. (t-nation.com)
- Don't hold isometric stretches for much longer than 15 seconds. (flashmavi.com)
- You'll lower with control, emphasizing the eccentric phase of the movement, on the initial rep, then hold an isometric contraction briefly at the bottom, challenging quads. (menshealth.com)
- Isometrics alone won't make you the strongest man or woman in the world, but they can sure help you hold heavy things in one position for a long time. (crankyfitness.com)
- I get the physics behind - if you lift and hold a mass stationary, then no work is being done on the object. (straightdope.com)
- The longer you hold the position, the more intensely you're working that muscle. (streetdirectory.com)
- Hold the leg at the height of the movement for a few seconds with an isometric contraction. (fitness-vip.com)
- To perform a pause-go set, start with an isometric hold in the most difficult portion of any movement, followed by a set of regular full-range-of-motion repetitions. (bodybuilding.com)
- You perform 8-10 regular full-range-of-motion repetitions, followed by an isometric hold of-you guessed it-8-10 seconds. (bodybuilding.com)
- Also, individuals competing in the physique sports regularly must hold isometric contractions for extended periods of time while on stage performing their posing routines. (bodybuilding.com)
Movement11
- While there's a lot to unpack with how to do a proper squat, the benefits of learning how to squat correctly are immense- squat variations not only help you get stronger during your workouts, but they also represent a movement pattern that you use during everyday life. (self.com)
- The squat is considered a compound movement , meaning it works multiple muscle groups across multiple joints. (self.com)
- They pay little mind to emphasizing the eccentric or negative portion of a movement, and you can go a couple of months or years before seeing anyone incorporate isometric work into a set. (t-nation.com)
- In fact, T Nation contributor Bret Contreras looked at activation differences when someone actually "thought" about working a particular muscle as opposed to just "training the movement," which he wrote about in Mind-Muscle Connection: Fact or BS? . (t-nation.com)
- The "no shit, Sherlock" conclusion is, if you want a muscle to do the brunt of the work during a movement, you need to think about it. (t-nation.com)
- A muscle contraction with dynamic movement comes next in the progression. (azcentral.com)
- Isotonic contractions create a movement, isometric contractions maintain a position. (bodytonicpilates.com)
- They contract and move a joint, contract and stabilize a joint, and contract and resist movement in its opposite contraction. (yoganatomy.com)
- It is the placement of the running belt and the type of movement of the belt as you work out. (boxingscene.com)
- Unlike other barre programs, The Booty Barre® does not rely primarily on isometric muscle contractions, but instead incorporates more functional movement. (joymoves.com)
- Isometric muscle contractions is when a muscle contracts but doesn't cause any movement. (prezi.com)
Intermittent1
- The authors conclude that similarities exist between physiological responses to intermittent isometric contraction and box lifting tasks. (cdc.gov)
Angle3
- Wider grip stretches the lats a bit, and involves longer range of motion and bigger joint angle, so it has more isometric work on the lat. (exrx.net)
- Side angle and revolved side angle pose can build on the patterns we explored in triangle and revolved triangle starting with the work of opening the hips to allow the pelvis to move freely. (yoganatomy.com)
- Let's take a look at the anatomy and techniques involved in working with these intentions in side angle and revolved side angle pose. (yoganatomy.com)
Periods1
- For lifting maximal weights, longer rest periods (3 to 10 minutes) are better, while shorter (1 to 3 minutes) works better for building muscle. (pearltrees.com)
Flexors1
- To begin to work the hip flexors at the front of the hip, the athlete is seated as shown. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Body12
- I rested it for two weeks whilst I had a chest cold and it does seem a little better, especially since going back to low volume training (fullbody 2 or 3 times weekly with 1 or 2 working sets each body part). (exrx.net)
- A body that is realigned, rebalanced and works harmoniously and ef fi ciently. (eventbrite.co.uk)
- Shortening and work production took place with a fixed amount of energy that was stored in this body and evolved elastically through stimulation. (frontiersin.org)
- Then, while locking in that upper body contraction, I pick up the weight and carry it like a human forklift. (fitstep.com)
- Then it's a matter of getting the carry done as fast as I can before the contraction fades so much that it compromises body position. (fitstep.com)
- The bottom line is that almost any training method will work-provided you do it with intensity-at least for the few weeks it takes for your body to adapt to it. (pearltrees.com)
- If you do a weighted squat-whether using a dumbbell in a goblet squat, two dumbbells in a front squat, or a barbell in either a back or front squat-you're also working your upper body. (self.com)
- For a body builder, it may be considered necessary to work on that one muscle to achieve overall symmetry. (ideafit.com)
- Sure if you're a body builder, there is not doubt in any professionals mind that training in isolation works for the training of a specific muscle or group. (ideafit.com)
- Practicing isometric holds beforehand can better help prepare the body to meet this challenge. (bodybuilding.com)
- Rather, it describes the type of muscle contractions elicited and the forces exerted on your body. (experiencelife.com)
- Burn fat, tone the entire body, and as the name implies, The Booty Barre® works on creating a tighter, higher behind. (joymoves.com)
Squat2
- Goblet Squat Quad Destruction works well in a variety of settings. (menshealth.com)
- Graham is holding a squat, so she's doing an isometric muscle contraction,' adds Autumn Calabrese , a celebrity fitness trainer and nutritionist. (elitedaily.com)
Stomach5
- It works best on an empty stomach and for people who have a low to moderate bodyfat percentage. (healthcentral.com)
- He recommends instead doing isometric contractions in the stomach area to get a flat lean tummy with nice muscle definition. (answers.com)
- Three of the primary isometric contractions to consider are the paused lying down leg raise, planks and stomach vacuum. (gymjunkies.com)
- This raises your diaphragm and, much like an empty stomach, allows for maximum contraction of the TVA. (cafemom.com)
- The Stomach Vacuum is an isometric contraction (tenses the muscle without moving it) of the Transversus Abdominus. (bodybuilding.com)
Measurements3
- In 1992, the work loop approach was extended further by the novel use of bone strain measurements to obtain in vivo force. (wikipedia.org)
- Combined either with estimates of muscle length changes or with direct methods (e.g. sonomicrometry), in vivo force technology enabled the first in vivo work loop measurements. (wikipedia.org)
- Using isolated rat aortic rings and isometric contraction measurements, this work was able to show that ADRF release depends on extracellular [Ca2+] (EC50 ~ 4.7 mM). (hu-berlin.de)
Intensities1
- No significant (P>0.05) differences between the three sessions were found for mean values of torque and TOI parameters during the sustained and repeated tasks at both contraction intensities. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
![A comparison of two gluteus maximus EMG maximum voluntary isometric contraction positions [PeerJ]](https://dfzljdn9uc3pi.cloudfront.net/2015/1261/1/fig-1-1x.jpg)
