A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE. They exist only as primary endosymbionts of five species of TSETSE FLIES, found in specialized organelles called mycetomes. The bacteria supply crucial B vitamins (VITAMIN B COMPLEX) which the flies require for fertility.
Bloodsucking flies of the genus Glossina, found primarily in equatorial Africa. Several species are intermediate hosts of trypanosomes.
The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.
A cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid derived from SHIKIMIC ACID and a precursor for the biosynthesis of UBIQUINONE and the AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS.
A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.
A genus of flagellate protozoans found in the blood and lymph of vertebrates and invertebrates, both hosts being required to complete the life cycle.

Gene expression level influences amino acid usage, but not codon usage, in the tsetse fly endosymbiont Wigglesworthia. (1/16)

Wigglesworthia glossinidia brevipalpis, the obligate bacterial endosymbiont of the tsetse fly Glossina brevipalpis, is characterized by extreme genome reduction and AT nucleotide composition bias. Here, multivariate statistical analyses are used to test the hypothesis that mutational bias and genetic drift shape synonymous codon usage and amino acid usage of Wigglesworthia. The results show that synonymous codon usage patterns vary little across the genome and do not distinguish genes of putative high and low expression levels, thus indicating a lack of translational selection. Extreme AT composition bias across the genome also drives relative amino acid usage, but predicted high-expression genes (ribosomal proteins and chaperonins) use GC-rich amino acids more frequently than do low-expression genes. The levels and configuration of amino acid differences between Wigglesworthia and Escherichia coli were compared to test the hypothesis that the relatively GC-rich amino acid profiles of high-expression genes reflect greater amino acid conservation at these loci. This hypothesis is supported by reduced levels of protein divergence at predicted high-expression Wigglesworthia genes and similar configurations of amino acid changes across expression categories. Combined, the results suggest that codon and amino acid usage in the Wigglesworthia genome reflect a strong AT mutational bias and elevated levels of genetic drift, consistent with expected effects of an endosymbiotic lifestyle and repeated population bottlenecks. However, these impacts of mutation and drift are apparently attenuated by selection on amino acid composition at high-expression genes.  (+info)

Metabolic interdependence of obligate intracellular bacteria and their insect hosts. (2/16)

Mutualistic associations of obligate intracellular bacteria and insects have attracted much interest in the past few years due to the evolutionary consequences for their genome structure. However, much less attention has been paid to the metabolic ramifications for these endosymbiotic microorganisms, which have to compete with but also to adapt to another metabolism--that of the host cell. This review attempts to provide insights into the complex physiological interactions and the evolution of metabolic pathways of several mutualistic bacteria of aphids, ants, and tsetse flies and their insect hosts.  (+info)

Analysis of milk gland structure and function in Glossina morsitans: milk protein production, symbiont populations and fecundity. (3/16)

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The obligate mutualist Wigglesworthia glossinidia influences reproduction, digestion, and immunity processes of its host, the tsetse fly. (4/16)

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Interactions between mutualist Wigglesworthia and tsetse peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP-LB) influence trypanosome transmission. (5/16)

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Nutrient provisioning facilitates homeostasis between tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) symbionts. (6/16)

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Tsetse immune system maturation requires the presence of obligate symbionts in larvae. (7/16)

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Reductive evolution of bacterial genome in insect gut environment. (8/16)

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I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Wigglesworthia" is not a widely recognized term in general medicine. It is, however, a genus of bacteria that resides in the gut of tsetse flies and has been studied in the field of entomology. The bacteria play a role in the nutrition and reproductive biology of their host insects. If you're looking for information related to a different medical or scientific term, please provide more context so I can give you a more accurate response.

Tsetse flies are not a medical condition but rather insects that can transmit diseases. Here is their medical relevance:

Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are large, biting flies found primarily in tropical Africa. They are vectors for African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness in humans and Nagana in animals. The fly ingests the parasite when it takes a blood meal from an infected host, then transmits the disease to another host through its saliva during subsequent feedings. This makes tsetse flies medically relevant due to their role in spreading these diseases.

In the context of medicine and biology, symbiosis is a type of close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms. Generally, one organism, called the symbiont, lives inside or on another organism, called the host. This interaction can be mutually beneficial (mutualistic), harmful to the host organism (parasitic), or have no effect on either organism (commensal).

Examples of mutualistic symbiotic relationships in humans include the bacteria that live in our gut and help us digest food, as well as the algae that live inside corals and provide them with nutrients. Parasitic symbioses, on the other hand, involve organisms like viruses or parasitic worms that live inside a host and cause harm to it.

It's worth noting that while the term "symbiosis" is often used in popular culture to refer to any close relationship between two organisms, in scientific contexts it has a more specific meaning related to long-term biological interactions.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Chorismic Acid" is not a recognized term in medical or clinical sciences. It appears that "chorismic acid" is a concept from biochemistry, specifically in the field of amino acid biosynthesis. It is an intermediate compound in the shikimate pathway, which is present in plants and microorganisms but not in animals.

Chorismic acid is a key branchpoint metabolite that leads to the formation of various aromatic amino acids and other important compounds. However, it's not typically mentioned in medical contexts or definitions. If you're looking for information related to its biochemical role, I would be happy to help with that!

Enterobacteriaceae is a family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals. Many species within this family are capable of causing various types of infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. Some common examples of Enterobacteriaceae include Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella enterica.

These bacteria are typically characterized by their ability to ferment various sugars and produce acid and gas as byproducts. They can also be distinguished by their biochemical reactions, such as their ability to produce certain enzymes or resist specific antibiotics. Infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae can range from mild to severe, depending on the species involved and the overall health of the infected individual.

Some infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae include urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and foodborne illnesses. Proper hygiene, such as handwashing and safe food handling practices, can help prevent the spread of these bacteria and reduce the risk of infection.

Trypanosoma is a genus of flagellated protozoan parasites belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. These microscopic single-celled organisms are known to cause various tropical diseases in humans and animals, including Chagas disease (caused by Trypanosoma cruzi) and African sleeping sickness (caused by Trypanosoma brucei).

The life cycle of Trypanosoma involves alternating between an insect vector (like a tsetse fly or kissing bug) and a mammalian host. The parasites undergo complex morphological changes as they move through the different hosts and developmental stages, often exhibiting distinct forms in the insect vector compared to the mammalian host.

Trypanosoma species have an undulating membrane and a single flagellum that helps them move through their environment. They can be transmitted through various routes, including insect vectors, contaminated food or water, or congenital transmission from mother to offspring. The diseases caused by these parasites can lead to severe health complications and may even be fatal if left untreated.

Aksoy, S. (1995). "Wigglesworthia gen. Nov. And Wigglesworthia glossinidia sp. nov., Taxa Consisting of the Mycetocyte- ... Genome News Network article on Wigglesworthia University of Bath minimal genome research Wigglesworthia glossinidia brevipalpis ... Wigglesworthia also synthesizes key B-complex vitamins which the tsetse fly does not get from its diet of blood. Without the ... Wigglesworthia glossinidia is a species of gram-negative bacteria which was isolated from the gut of the tsetse fly. W. ...
The bacterium Wigglesworthia glossinidia, which lives in the gut of the tsetse fly, is named for him. Insect physiologyInsect ... And Wigglesworthia glossinidia sp. nov., taxa consisting of the mycetocyte-associated, primary endosymbionts of tsetse flies" ( ... General Registrars Office index of marriages General Registrars Office index of births Aksoy, S (1995). "Wigglesworthia gen. ...
G. fuscipes flies rely on the obligate symbiont bacterial genus Wigglesworthia to supplement their diets with nutrients ... The adult immune system relies similarly on Wigglesworthia for activation and development. A secondary, facultative symbiont is ... Wigglesworthia glossinidia". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 48 (1): 49-58. Bibcode:1999JMolE..48...49C. doi:10.1007/PL00006444 ...
... is in obligate symbiosis with Wigglesworthia glossinidia and Wolbachia. Without Wigglesworthia, G. m. m. is sterile, and ...
Other examples include Wigglesworthia nutritional symbionts of tse-tse flies, or in sponges. When a symbiont reaches this stage ... Other examples include Wigglesworthia nutritional symbionts of tsetse flies, or in sponges. When a symbiont reaches this stage ... Likewise, the primary role of Wigglesworthia, it is presumed, is to synthesize vitamins that the tsetse fly does not get from ... In some cases, the bacteria are transmitted in the egg, as in Buchnera; in others like Wigglesworthia, they are transmitted via ...
2002). "Genome sequence of the endocellular obligate symbiont of tsetse flies, Wigglesworthia glossinidia". Nat Genet. 32 (3): ...
In some cases, the bacteria and fungi are transmitted in the egg, as in Buchnera; in others, like Wigglesworthia, they are ... The Tsetse fly's most prominent and vital endosymbiont is the bacterium, Wigglesworthia glossinidia, These bacteria are housed ...
... and Wigglesworthia and Buchnera for Gammaproteobacteria. Some of the largest virions like Megavirus chilensis, Pandoravirus, ...
... and Wigglesworthia and Buchnera for gamma proteobacteria. The genus Rickettsia is named after Howard Taylor Ricketts (1871-1910 ...
... and Wigglesworthia and Buchnera for gamma proteobacteria. Some of the largest virions like Megavirus chilensis, Pandoravirus, ...
The primary symbiont is Wigglesworthia (Wigglesworthia glossinidia) within the fly's bacteriocytes, the secondary symbiont is ...
... a Chinese microbiologist Wigglesworthia - V. B. Wigglesworth, a British parasitologist Williamsia - Stanley T. Williams, a ...
... such as Wigglesworthia glossinidia in the tsetse fly). Adenotrophic viviparity differs from ovoviviparity, in which one or more ...
Wigglesworthia MeSH B03.440.450.425.890 - Xenorhabdus MeSH B03.440.450.425.900 - Yersinia MeSH B03.440.450.425.900.300 - ... Wigglesworthia MeSH B03.660.250.150.910 - Xenorhabdus MeSH B03.660.250.150.950 - Yersinia MeSH B03.660.250.150.950.160 - ...
Wigglesworthia (1995) Xenorhabdus (1979) Yersinia (1944) Yokenella (1985) "Candidatus Annandia" "Candidatus Arocatia" " ...
Aksoy, S. (1995). "Wigglesworthia gen. Nov. And Wigglesworthia glossinidia sp. nov., Taxa Consisting of the Mycetocyte- ... Genome News Network article on Wigglesworthia University of Bath minimal genome research Wigglesworthia glossinidia brevipalpis ... Wigglesworthia also synthesizes key B-complex vitamins which the tsetse fly does not get from its diet of blood. Without the ... Wigglesworthia glossinidia is a species of gram-negative bacteria which was isolated from the gut of the tsetse fly. W. ...
Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina morsitans morsitan. Genome info. Pathway map. Brite hierarchy. Module. ... Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Erwiniaceae; Wigglesworthia. Brite. KEGG organisms [BR:br08601 ... Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) harbor an obligate endosymbiont, Wigglesworthia, which has coevolved with the Glossina ...
from the carpenter ant or Wigglesworthia spp. from the tsetse fly would establish whether the results presented here are a ...
... in the tsetse fly endosymbiont Wigglesworthia." Microbiology, 149(Pt 9), 2585-2596. ...
Wigglesworthia glossinidia. J. Mol. Evol. 48, 49-58. doi: 10.1007/PL00006444 ...
Wigglesworthia. Xenorhabdus. Yokenella. Yersinia. Enterobacteriaceae Characteristics. Some of the common characteristics of ...
i live in Canada. My dog passed away 1 week ago from Citrobacter Freundii. She was extremely sick with ... . Please help Im scared out of my mind.
Those Wigglesworthia bacteria churn out B vitamins, including B1, also known as thiamine. Both the fly and its resident ... Each larva emerges with its own rod-shaped bacteria called Wigglesworthia. These bacteria flourish inside a special organ ... Into the Wild: Parallel Transcriptomics of the Tsetse-Wigglesworthia Mutualism within Kenyan Populations. Genome Biology and ...
Genome sequence of the endocellular obligate symbiont of tsetse flies, Wigglesworthia glossinidia. Nat Genet. 2002;32(3):402-7. ...
Wigglesworthia glossinidia en... 224 5e-57 gi,34540584,ref,NP_905063.1, alpha keto acid dehydrogenase compl... 223 8e-57 gi, ...
Wigglesworthia glossinidia en... 69 4e-10 gi,17988284,ref,NP_540918.1, CHAPERONE PROTEIN DNAJ [Brucella me... 69 4e-10 gi, ...
Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina brevipalpis,. hypothetical protein. 3e-166. 585. NC_000963:1024000:1030093 ... Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina morsitans. 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase. 8e-169. 593. ...
Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina morsitans. ...
Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina brevipalpis. Magnesium (Mg), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn). ... Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina morsitans morsitans (Yale colony). Magnesium (Mg), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni ...
Our analysis detected four major genera, Elizabethkingia, Wigglesworthia, Asaia, and Serratia. The antibiotic treatment ...
Wigglesworthia ‎ (← links). *Wolbachia ‎ (← links). *Paramyxoviridae ‎ (← links). *Xanthomonas ‎ (← links). *Yersinia ‎ (← ...
Wigglesworthia [13] and Tropheryma whipplei [14] etc. Some of these bacteria exhibit strong base compositional asymmetries ... in the tsetse fly endosymbiont Wigglesworthia. Microbiology. 2003, 149: 2585-2596. 10.1099/mic.0.26381-0. ...
A genus of gram-negative bacteria existing symbiotically with nematodes of the family Heterorhabditidae (see RHABDITOIDEA). These nematodes infect a variety of soil-dwelling insects. Upon entering an insect host, the nematode releases Photorhabdus from its intestinal tract and the bacterium establishes a lethal septicemia in the insect ...
... and its obligate bacterial symbionts Wigglesworthia spp. [4], even though available data on specific Wolbachia-mosquitoes ...
In contrast to the primary symbiont Wigglesworthia glossinidia, which has a strict localization to the tsetse bacteriome and an ...
96 SKENIII 102 Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina brevipalpis P45058 100 EQEVEIR 106 Haemophilus influenzae Rd ...
KAKLKIGIAKGKKKIDKRLEIKKREWEIKKSRLFKK 156 Wigglesworthia glossini... ...
Wigglesworthia. Wigglesworthia. Wigglesworthia. Xanthomonadaceae. Xanthomonadaceae. Xanthomonadaceae. Xanthomonas vesicatoria. ...
Wigglesworthia. Wigglesworthia. Wigglesworthia. Xanthomonadaceae. Xanthomonadaceae. Xanthomonadaceae. Xanthomonas vesicatoria. ...
DeCS 2008 - March 17, 2008 version. ...

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