A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.
A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.
Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.
An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.
A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.
An opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough.
An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.
Agents that increase mucous excretion. Mucolytic agents, that is drugs that liquefy mucous secretions, are also included here.
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the causative agent of WHOOPING COUGH. Its cells are minute coccobacilli that are surrounded by a slime sheath.
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
Drugs designed to treat inflammation of the nasal passages, generally the result of an infection (more often than not the common cold) or an allergy related condition, e.g., hay fever. The inflammation involves swelling of the mucous membrane that lines the nasal passages and results in inordinate mucus production. The primary class of nasal decongestants are vasoconstrictor agents. (From PharmAssist, The Family Guide to Health and Medicine, 1993)
A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.
Respiratory tract diseases are a broad range of medical conditions that affect the nose, throat, windpipe, and lungs, impairing breathing and oxygen uptake, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, bronchitis, influenza, tuberculosis, and sleep apnea.
An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.
Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated via the mouth. It contains MUCUS, cellular debris, and microorganisms. It may also contain blood or pus.
Tests involving inhalation of allergens (nebulized or in dust form), nebulized pharmacologically active solutions (e.g., histamine, methacholine), or control solutions, followed by assessment of respiratory function. These tests are used in the diagnosis of asthma.
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.
Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.
The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

Analysis with a combination of macrorestriction endonucleases reveals a high degree of polymorphism among Bordetella pertussis isolates in eastern France. (1/815)

From 1990 to 1996, routine screening for whooping cough identified 399 patients with a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase-positive test result and yielded 69 Bordetella pertussis isolates. None of the patients were fully vaccinated, and most were less than 6 months old. Analysis of total DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after XbaI, SpeI, or DraI macrorestriction yielded 19, 15, and 5 different patterns, respectively, whereas ribotyping failed to demonstrate any strain polymorphism. Discrimination among the isolates was improved by combining the PFGE profiles. Some patterns were more frequent, but the corresponding patients were not clearly epidemiologically related. The patterns for two strains obtained during a 3-month period from patients who were neighbors differed by the length of a single DNA fragment. These data strongly suggest that one type of isolate is widely spread throughout the world and is carried by individuals other than patients who develop a true illness.  (+info)

Serum IgG antibody responses to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin in nonvaccinated and vaccinated children and adults with pertussis. (2/815)

Levels of IgG antibody to pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were measured in paired serum samples from 781 patients fulfilling at least one laboratory criterion for pertussis that was suggested by an ad hoc committee sponsored by the World Health Organization. The patients were participants or family members of participants in a double-blind efficacy trial of a monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine. Of 596 nonvaccinated children, 90% had significant (two-fold or more) rises in PT IgG and FHA IgG levels. Only 17 (32%) of 53 children previously vaccinated with three doses of pertussis toxoid had rises in PT IgG levels because they already had elevated PT IgG levels in their acute-phase serum samples. PT IgG and FHA IgG levels were significantly higher in acute-phase serum samples from 29 adults than in acute-phase serum samples from the nonvaccinated children. Nevertheless, significant rises in levels of PT IgG (79% of samples) and FHA IgG (90%) were demonstrated in adults. In conclusion, assay of PT IgG and FHA IgG in paired serum samples is highly sensitive for diagnosing pertussis in nonvaccinated individuals. Assay of PT IgG levels in paired sera is significantly less sensitive for diagnosis of pertussis for children vaccinated with pertussis toxoid.  (+info)

Evidence of efficacy of the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine but not the Lederle whole-cell component diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine against Bordetella parapertussis infection. (3/815)

A subanalysis of a recent cohort efficacy trial of a pertussis vaccine was performed to determine its efficacy against cough illnesses due to Bordetella parapertussis infections. Infants received four doses of either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTaP) vaccine or the Lederle whole-cell component diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP) vaccine at 3, 4.5, 6, and 15-18 months of age; controls received three doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DT) vaccine only. All subjects were prospectively followed for cough illnesses of > or = 7 days' duration; cases of B. parapertussis infection were confirmed by positive culture, household contact, or serology. Seventy-six cough illnesses due to B. parapertussis were identified; 24 occurred in 929 DTaP recipients, 37 in 937 DTP recipients, and 15 in 321 DT recipients, resulting in an efficacy of 50% for DTaP vaccine (95% CI [confidence interval], 5% to 74%) and 21% for DTP vaccine (95% CI, -45% to 56%). The data in the present analysis suggest that the Lederle/Takeda DTaP vaccine but not the Lederle whole-cell component DTP vaccine has efficacy against B. parapertussis infection.  (+info)

Capture-recapture method for estimating misclassification errors: application to the measurement of vaccine efficacy in randomized controlled trials. (4/815)

BACKGROUND: The measure of efficacy is optimally performed by randomized controlled trials. However, low specificity of the judgement criteria is known to bias toward lower estimation, while low sensitivity increases the required sample size. A common technique for ensuring good specificity without a drop in sensitivity is to use several diagnostic tests in parallel, with each of them being specific. This approach is similar to the more general situation of case-counting from multiple data sources, and this paper explores the application of the capture-recapture method for the analysis of the estimates of efficacy. METHOD: An illustration of this application is derived from a study on the efficacy of pertussis vaccines where the outcome was based on > or =21 days of cough confirmed by at least one of three criteria performed independently for each subject: bacteriology, serology, or epidemiological link. Log-linear methods were applied to these data considered as three sources of information. RESULTS: The best model considered the three simple effects and an interaction term between bacteriology and epidemiological linkage. Among the 801 children experiencing > or =21 days of cough, it was estimated that 93 cases were missed, leading to a corrected total of 413 confirmed cases. The relative vaccine efficacy estimated from the same model was 1.50 (95% confidence interval: 1.24-1.82), similar to the crude estimate of 1.59 and confirming better protection afforded by one of the two vaccines. CONCLUSION: This method allows supporting analysis to interpret primary estimates of vaccine efficacy.  (+info)

Pertussis is increasing in unimmunized infants: is a change in policy needed? (5/815)

The proportion and trend in absolute number of pertussis notifications in young infants has increased each year in England and Wales since the accelerated immunization schedule was introduced. We report five infants all less than 3 months of age admitted with life threatening pertussis infection to two paediatric intensive care units. Despite aggressive cardiorespiratory support measures, three of the infants died. Pertussis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in unimmunized infants. In this age group presentation is likely to be atypical and infection more severe. Public health measures to prevent the disease could be strengthened. Chemoprophylaxis should be offered to susceptible contacts and booster vaccinations against pertussis considered.  (+info)

Respiratory diseases among U.S. military personnel: countering emerging threats. (6/815)

Emerging respiratory disease agents, increased antibiotic resistance, and the loss of effective vaccines threaten to increase the incidence of respiratory disease in military personnel. We examine six respiratory pathogens (adenoviruses, influenza viruses, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis) and review the impact of the diseases they cause, past efforts to control these diseases in U.S. military personnel, as well as current treatment and surveillance strategies, limitations in diagnostic testing, and vaccine needs.  (+info)

Bordetella holmesii-like organisms isolated from Massachusetts patients with pertussis-like symptoms. (7/815)

We isolated Bordetella holmesii, generally associated with septicemia in patients with underlying conditions, from nasopharyngeal specimens of otherwise healthy young persons with a cough. The proportion of B. holmesii-positive specimens submitted to the Massachusetts State Laboratory Institute increased from 1995 to 1998.  (+info)

Stochastic dynamics and a power law for measles variability. (8/815)

Since the discovery of a power law scaling between the mean and variance of natural populations, this phenomenon has been observed for a variety of species. Here, we show that the same form of power law scaling also occurs in measles case reports in England and Wales. Remarkably this power law holds over four orders of magnitude. We consider how the natural experiment of vaccination affects the slope of the power law. By examining simple generic models, we are able to predict the effects of stochasticity and coupling and we propose a new phenomenon associated with the critical community size.  (+info)

A cough is a reflex action that helps to clear the airways of irritants, foreign particles, or excess mucus or phlegm. It is characterized by a sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs through the mouth and nose. A cough can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term), and it can be accompanied by other symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fever. Coughing can be caused by various factors, including respiratory infections, allergies, asthma, environmental pollutants, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchitis. In some cases, a cough may be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as heart failure or lung cancer.

Whoopering Cough, also known as Pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing fits followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound during inspiration. The disease can affect people of all ages, but it is most dangerous for babies and young children. Symptoms typically develop within 5 to 10 days after exposure and include runny nose, low-grade fever, and a mild cough. After a week or two, the cough becomes more severe and is often followed by vomiting and exhaustion. Complications can be serious, especially in infants, and may include pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, or death. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria and reduce the severity of symptoms. Vaccination is available and recommended for the prevention of whooping cough.

Antitussive agents are medications that are used to suppress cough. They work by numbing the throat and interrupting the cough reflex. Some common antitussives include dextromethorphan, codeine, and hydrocodone. These medications can be found in various over-the-counter and prescription cough and cold products. It is important to use antitussives only as directed, as they can have side effects such as drowsiness, constipation, and slowed breathing. Additionally, it's important to note that long term use of opioid antitussive like codeine and hydrocodone are not recommended due to the risk of addiction and other serious side effects.

Capsaicin is defined in medical terms as the active component of chili peppers (genus Capsicum) that produces a burning sensation when it comes into contact with mucous membranes or skin. It is a potent irritant and is used topically as a counterirritant in some creams and patches to relieve pain. Capsaicin works by depleting substance P, a neurotransmitter that relays pain signals to the brain, from nerve endings.

Here is the medical definition of capsaicin from the Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary:

caпсаісіn : an alkaloid (C18H27NO3) that is the active principle of red peppers and is used in topical preparations as a counterirritant and analgesic.

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is widely found in nature, particularly in citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges. Its chemical formula is C6H8O7, and it exists in a form known as a tribasic acid, which means it can donate three protons in chemical reactions.

In the context of medical definitions, citric acid may be mentioned in relation to various physiological processes, such as its role in the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), which is a key metabolic pathway involved in energy production within cells. Additionally, citric acid may be used in certain medical treatments or therapies, such as in the form of citrate salts to help prevent the formation of kidney stones. It may also be used as a flavoring agent or preservative in various pharmaceutical preparations.

Codeine is a opiate analgesic, commonly used for its pain-relieving and cough suppressant properties. It is typically prescribed for mild to moderately severe pain, and is also found in some over-the-counter cold and cough medications. Codeine works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which helps to reduce the perception of pain. Like other opiates, codeine can produce side effects such as drowsiness, constipation, and respiratory depression, and it carries a risk of dependence and addiction with long-term use. It is important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully when taking codeine, and to inform them of any other medications you are taking, as well as any medical conditions you may have.

A reflex is an automatic, involuntary and rapid response to a stimulus that occurs without conscious intention. In the context of physiology and neurology, it's a basic mechanism that involves the transmission of nerve impulses between neurons, resulting in a muscle contraction or glandular secretion.

Reflexes are important for maintaining homeostasis, protecting the body from harm, and coordinating movements. They can be tested clinically to assess the integrity of the nervous system, such as the knee-j jerk reflex, which tests the function of the L3-L4 spinal nerve roots and the sensitivity of the stretch reflex arc.

Respiratory sounds are the noises produced by the airflow through the respiratory tract during breathing. These sounds can provide valuable information about the health and function of the lungs and airways. They are typically categorized into two main types: normal breath sounds and adventitious (or abnormal) breath sounds.

Normal breath sounds include:

1. Vesicular breath sounds: These are soft, low-pitched sounds heard over most of the lung fields during quiet breathing. They are produced by the movement of air through the alveoli and smaller bronchioles.
2. Bronchovesicular breath sounds: These are medium-pitched, hollow sounds heard over the mainstem bronchi and near the upper sternal border during both inspiration and expiration. They are a combination of vesicular and bronchial breath sounds.

Abnormal or adventitious breath sounds include:

1. Crackles (or rales): These are discontinuous, non-musical sounds that resemble the crackling of paper or bubbling in a fluid-filled container. They can be heard during inspiration and are caused by the sudden opening of collapsed airways or the movement of fluid within the airways.
2. Wheezes: These are continuous, musical sounds resembling a whistle. They are produced by the narrowing or obstruction of the airways, causing turbulent airflow.
3. Rhonchi: These are low-pitched, rumbling, continuous sounds that can be heard during both inspiration and expiration. They are caused by the vibration of secretions or fluids in the larger airways.
4. Stridor: This is a high-pitched, inspiratory sound that resembles a harsh crowing or barking noise. It is usually indicative of upper airway narrowing or obstruction.

The character, location, and duration of respiratory sounds can help healthcare professionals diagnose various respiratory conditions, such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and bronchitis.

Expectorants are a type of medication that help to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up and clear the airways. They work by increasing the production of fluid in the respiratory tract, which helps to moisten and soften thick or sticky mucus. This makes it easier for the cilia (tiny hair-like structures that line the airways) to move the mucus out of the lungs and into the throat, where it can be swallowed or spit out.

Expectorants are often used to treat respiratory conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which can cause excessive mucus production and difficulty breathing. Some common expectorants include guaifenesin, iodinated glycerol, and potassium iodide.

It is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully when taking expectorants, as taking too much can lead to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It is also important to drink plenty of fluids while taking expectorants, as this can help to thin the mucus and make it easier to cough up.

Bronchitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the bronchi, which are the large airways that lead to the lungs. This inflammation can cause a variety of symptoms, including coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Bronchitis can be either acute or chronic.

Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a viral infection, such as a cold or the flu, and typically lasts for a few days to a week. Symptoms may include a productive cough (coughing up mucus or phlegm), chest discomfort, and fatigue. Acute bronchitis often resolves on its own without specific medical treatment, although rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to manage symptoms may be helpful.

Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, is a long-term condition that is characterized by a persistent cough with mucus production that lasts for at least three months out of the year for two consecutive years. Chronic bronchitis is typically caused by exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or occupational dusts and chemicals. It is often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes both chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Treatment for chronic bronchitis may include medications to help open the airways, such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids, as well as lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation and avoiding irritants. In severe cases, oxygen therapy or lung transplantation may be necessary.

'Bordetella pertussis' is a gram-negative, coccobacillus bacterium that is the primary cause of whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. This highly infectious disease affects the respiratory system, resulting in severe coughing fits and other symptoms. The bacteria's ability to evade the immune system and attach to ciliated epithelial cells in the respiratory tract contributes to its pathogenicity.

The bacterium produces several virulence factors, including pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae, and tracheal cytotoxin, which contribute to the colonization and damage of respiratory tissues. The pertussis toxin, in particular, is responsible for many of the clinical manifestations of the disease, such as the characteristic whooping cough and inhibition of immune responses.

Prevention and control measures primarily rely on vaccination using acellular pertussis vaccines (aP) or whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wP), which are included in combination with other antigens in pediatric vaccines. Continuous efforts to improve vaccine efficacy, safety, and coverage are essential for controlling the global burden of whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. The airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment.

The underlying cause of asthma involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors that result in hypersensitivity of the airways to certain triggers, such as allergens, irritants, viruses, exercise, and emotional stress. When these triggers are encountered, the airways constrict due to smooth muscle spasm, swell due to inflammation, and produce excess mucus, leading to the characteristic symptoms of asthma.

Asthma is typically managed with a combination of medications that include bronchodilators to relax the airway muscles, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and leukotriene modifiers or mast cell stabilizers to prevent allergic reactions. Avoiding triggers and monitoring symptoms are also important components of asthma management.

There are several types of asthma, including allergic asthma, non-allergic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, occupational asthma, and nocturnal asthma, each with its own set of triggers and treatment approaches. Proper diagnosis and management of asthma can help prevent exacerbations, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

A chronic disease is a long-term medical condition that often progresses slowly over a period of years and requires ongoing management and care. These diseases are typically not fully curable, but symptoms can be managed to improve quality of life. Common chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). They are often associated with advanced age, although they can also affect children and younger adults. Chronic diseases can have significant impacts on individuals' physical, emotional, and social well-being, as well as on healthcare systems and society at large.

Nasal decongestants are medications that are used to relieve nasal congestion, or a "stuffy nose," by narrowing the blood vessels in the lining of the nose, which helps to reduce swelling and inflammation. This can help to make breathing easier and can also help to alleviate other symptoms associated with nasal congestion, such as sinus pressure and headache.

There are several different types of nasal decongestants available, including over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription options. Some common OTC nasal decongestants include pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), which are available in the form of tablets, capsules, liquids, and nasal sprays. Prescription nasal decongestants may be stronger than OTC options and may be prescribed for longer periods of time.

It is important to follow the instructions on the label when using nasal decongestants, as they can have side effects if not used properly. Some potential side effects of nasal decongestants include increased heart rate, blood pressure, and anxiety. It is also important to note that nasal decongestants should not be used for longer than a few days at a time, as prolonged use can actually make nasal congestion worse (this is known as "rebound congestion"). If you have any questions about using nasal decongestants or if your symptoms persist, it is best to speak with a healthcare provider.

The common cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract. It primarily affects the nose, throat, sinuses, and upper airways. The main symptoms include sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, cough, and fatigue. The common cold is often caused by rhinoviruses and can also be caused by other viruses like coronaviruses, coxsackieviruses, and adenoviruses. It is usually spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The common cold is self-limiting and typically resolves within 7-10 days, although some symptoms may last up to three weeks. There is no specific treatment for the common cold, and management focuses on relieving symptoms with over-the-counter medications, rest, and hydration. Preventive measures include frequent hand washing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not touching the face with unwashed hands.

Respiratory tract diseases refer to a broad range of medical conditions that affect the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat (pharynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. These diseases can be categorized into upper and lower respiratory tract infections based on the location of the infection.

Upper respiratory tract infections affect the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx, and include conditions such as the common cold, flu, sinusitis, and laryngitis. Symptoms often include nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, and fever.

Lower respiratory tract infections affect the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs, and can be more severe. They include conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis. Symptoms may include cough, chest congestion, shortness of breath, and fever.

Respiratory tract diseases can also be caused by allergies, irritants, or genetic factors. Treatment varies depending on the specific condition and severity but may include medications, breathing treatments, or surgery in severe cases.

Guaifenesin is a medication that belongs to the class of expectorants. According to the Medical Dictionary by Farlex, guaifenesin is defined as:

"A salicylate-free agent with expectorant properties; it increases respiratory secretions and decreases their viscosity, making coughs more productive. It is used as an antitussive in bronchitis and other respiratory tract infections."

Guaifenesin works by helping to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up and clear the airways of bothersome mucus and phlegm. It is commonly available as an over-the-counter medication for relieving symptoms associated with a common cold, flu, or other respiratory infections.

Guaifenesin can be found in various forms, such as tablets, capsules, liquid, or extended-release products. Common brand names of guaifenesin include Mucinex and Robitussin. It is important to follow the recommended dosage on the product label and consult a healthcare professional if you have any questions about its use or if your symptoms persist for more than one week.

Sputum is defined as a mixture of saliva and phlegm that is expelled from the respiratory tract during coughing, sneezing or deep breathing. It can be clear, mucoid, or purulent (containing pus) depending on the underlying cause of the respiratory issue. Examination of sputum can help diagnose various respiratory conditions such as infections, inflammation, or other lung diseases.

Bronchial provocation tests are a group of medical tests used to assess the airway responsiveness of the lungs by challenging them with increasing doses of a specific stimulus, such as methacholine or histamine, which can cause bronchoconstriction (narrowing of the airways) in susceptible individuals. These tests are often performed to diagnose and monitor asthma and other respiratory conditions that may be associated with heightened airway responsiveness.

The most common type of bronchial provocation test is the methacholine challenge test, which involves inhaling increasing concentrations of methacholine aerosol via a nebulizer. The dose response is measured by monitoring lung function (usually through spirometry) before and after each exposure. A positive test is indicated when there is a significant decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or other measures of airflow, which suggests bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Other types of bronchial provocation tests include histamine challenges, exercise challenges, and mannitol challenges. These tests have specific indications, contraindications, and protocols that should be followed to ensure accurate results and patient safety. Bronchial provocation tests are typically conducted in a controlled clinical setting under the supervision of trained healthcare professionals.

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infections that affect the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, and lungs. These infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or, less commonly, fungi.

RTIs are classified into two categories based on their location: upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). URTIs include infections of the nose, sinuses, throat, and larynx, such as the common cold, flu, laryngitis, and sinusitis. LRTIs involve the lower airways, including the bronchi and lungs, and can be more severe. Examples of LRTIs are pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis.

Symptoms of RTIs depend on the location and cause of the infection but may include cough, congestion, runny nose, sore throat, difficulty breathing, wheezing, fever, fatigue, and chest pain. Treatment for RTIs varies depending on the severity and underlying cause of the infection. For viral infections, treatment typically involves supportive care to manage symptoms, while antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial infections.

Respiratory disorders are a group of conditions that affect the respiratory system, including the nose, throat (pharynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm. These disorders can make it difficult for a person to breathe normally and may cause symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.

There are many different types of respiratory disorders, including:

1. Asthma: A chronic inflammatory disease that causes the airways to become narrow and swollen, leading to difficulty breathing.
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A group of lung diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, that make it hard to breathe.
3. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can cause coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
4. Lung cancer: A type of cancer that forms in the tissues of the lungs and can cause symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
5. Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that mainly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.
6. Sleep apnea: A disorder that causes a person to stop breathing for short periods during sleep.
7. Interstitial lung disease: A group of disorders that cause scarring of the lung tissue, leading to difficulty breathing.
8. Pulmonary fibrosis: A type of interstitial lung disease that causes scarring of the lung tissue and makes it hard to breathe.
9. Pleural effusion: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the space between the lungs and chest wall.
10. Lung transplantation: A surgical procedure to replace a diseased or failing lung with a healthy one from a donor.

Respiratory disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, exposure to environmental pollutants, smoking, and infections. Treatment for respiratory disorders may include medications, oxygen therapy, breathing exercises, and lifestyle changes. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat the disorder.

"Inhalation administration" is a medical term that refers to the method of delivering medications or therapeutic agents directly into the lungs by inhaling them through the airways. This route of administration is commonly used for treating respiratory conditions such as asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and cystic fibrosis.

Inhalation administration can be achieved using various devices, including metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), nebulizers, and soft-mist inhalers. Each device has its unique mechanism of delivering the medication into the lungs, but they all aim to provide a high concentration of the drug directly to the site of action while minimizing systemic exposure and side effects.

The advantages of inhalation administration include rapid onset of action, increased local drug concentration, reduced systemic side effects, and improved patient compliance due to the ease of use and non-invasive nature of the delivery method. However, proper technique and device usage are crucial for effective therapy, as incorrect usage may result in suboptimal drug deposition and therapeutic outcomes.

Vomiting after a coughing spell or an inspiratory whooping sound on coughing almost doubles the likelihood that the illness is ... Whooping cough, also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable bacterial disease. ... In adults with a cough of less than 8 weeks, vomiting after coughing or a "whoop" is supportive. If there are no bouts of ... Following a fit of coughing, a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in. The violent coughing may ...
... is a play written by Stanislaus Stange in 1910. Adapted from a French farce, the show featured ... The story follows the misbehaviors of Regina (Valeska Suratt) as she passes whooping cough to the numerous men she kisses. In ... ISBN 0-19-503764-2. "Whooping Cough Girl Stupid" (PDF). The New York Times. April 26, 1910. Retrieved August 7, 2013. "Mayor ... The Girl with the Whooping Cough​ at the Internet Broadway Database (CS1: Julian-Gregorian uncertainty, Articles with short ...
... "whoop". Infants less than six months also may not have the typical whoop. A coughing spell may last a minute or more, producing ... but whooping cough has been found among wild gorillas. Several zoos have learned to vaccinate their primates against whooping ... Whooping cough is treated by macrolides, for example erythromycin. The therapy is most effective when started during the ... Uncertainties of B. pertussis and whooping cough as a zoonotic disease have existed since around 1910, but in the 1930s, the ...
Whooping cough, also called pertussis, is a contagious disease that affects the respiratory tract. The infection is caused by a ... "Pertussis , Whooping Cough , Complications , CDC". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 16 February 2016. "Vaccines: VPD-VAC/Pertussis/main ... Hartzell, Joshua D.; Blaylock, Jason M. (1 July 2014). "Whooping Cough in 2014 and Beyond: An Update and Review". Chest. 146 (1 ... whooping cough). While the US recommends a booster for tetanus every 10 years, other countries, such as the UK, suggest just ...
Examples include E-coli; whooping cough; and seasonal influenza.[citation needed] NML also has Containment Level 3 (CL3) ...
"Pertussis (Whooping Cough) , Vaccine Knowledge". vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 13 ... whooping cough, tuberculosis, and yellow fever to Nigerian children less than two years old. This free immunization can be ... whooping cough) vaccine, included in the DPT, pentavalent and hexavalent vaccines Pneumococcus vaccine Polio vaccine, included ... 665 A study shows that many Europeans countries have whooping cough vaccination rates as high as those in the United States ...
... also known as whooping cough, is a highly infectious airborne respiratory disease that often shows as uncontrollable coughing ... "Pertussis (Whooping Cough)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. ... By March 2023 New Zealand faced a possible whooping cough epidemic. Petousis-Harris and Hannah Chisholm, an epidemiologist from ... Petousis-Harris; Chisholm, Hannah (29 March 2023). "Low vaccination and immunity rates mean NZ faces a harsh whooping cough ...
"Specimen Collection". Pertussis (Whooping Cough). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 18 November 2019. Retrieved 25 ... This diagnostic method is commonly used in suspected cases of whooping cough, diphtheria, influenza, and various types of ...
"ACCC tackles Homeopathy Plus! Whooping Cough claims". Australian Competition & Consumer Commission. 2012-05-03. Retrieved ... alternative to vaccination for conditions including whooping cough, along with claims that homeopathy is superior to ... state that Homeopathic Treatments are safe and effective as an alternative to the Vaccine for the Prevention of Whooping Cough ...
The severe, uncontrollable coughing makes it difficult to breathe causing the "whooping" sound that occurs with inhalation. ... "Whooping Cough (Pertussis) , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2022-03-28. Retrieved 2022-04-24. "Illness and Symptoms , Cholera , CDC". www. ... toxin Pertussis toxin is produced by virulent Bordetella pertussis and is responsible for the disease of whooping cough, a ...
A co-developer of the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine, Denmark was one of the few supercentenarians in history to gain ... Denmark is credited as co-developer of the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine, with support from Eli Lilly and Company, and ... 1935, the Fisher Award for "outstanding research in diagnosis, treatment, and immunization of whooping cough for her work on ... "Whooping cough vaccine". Am J Dis Child. 63 (3): 453-466. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1942.02010030023002. Denmark, Leila Daughtry ( ...
Whooping cough in Spain. Current epidemiology, prevention and control strategies. Recommendations by the Pertussis Working ...
"Pertussis , Pregnancy and Whooping Cough , Your Baby Needs Vaccines on Time , CDC". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and ... Ideally, Infants should receive DTaP (name of whooping cough vaccine for children from age 2 months through 6 years) at 2, 4, 6 ... "FDA Approves Vaccine for Use During Third Trimester of Pregnancy to Prevent Whooping Cough in Infants Younger Than Two Months ... In U.S., there is no current tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccination (whooping cough) recommended or licensed for new born ...
Whooping Cough` Wins Fest". Chicago Tribune, November 1, 1987. "La película canadiense 'El tren de los sueños', triple ...
Somebody has whooping cough. Another little boy begs his mother not to beat him because in his sleep he wet the bunk he shares ...
... whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis); tetanus; hepatitis B; and hepatitis A virus infections. The Pediatric Infectious ...
In 2013, Ioffe wrote about contracting whooping cough, although she had been vaccinated against the disease in childhood. She ... Ioffe, Julia (November 11, 2013). "I've Got Whooping Cough. Thanks a Lot, Jenny McCarthy". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. ...
Whooping cough in Sudanese children. East Afr Med J 1998; 75:51-56. Salih MAM, Danielsson D, Backman A, Caugant DA, Achtman M, ... whooping cough, and notably through an early example of molecular epidemiology by which researchers tracked the progress of a ...
Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It is fatal in ... The tetanus and whooping cough vaccinations are generally administered in combination during pregnancy, for example as the DTaP ... The first vaccine against whooping cough was developed in the 1930s, and in the 1940s a study found that vaccination in ... "Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination (MNTE)". "Complications of Whooping Cough (Pertussis) , CDC". April 2021. Cohen, ...
During a 2011 whooping cough epidemic, IAS spokeswoman Michelle Rudgley went on record in the Otago Daily Times with the ... cough vaccine is useless and no matter how many boosters you have it is not going to stop the occurrence of whooping cough and ... Goodwin, Ellen (6 October 2011). "Whooping cough vaccination 'cocooning' call". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 28 November 2020. ... statement "One day they are really going to have to accept that the pertussis whooping ...
"Get the Whooping Cough Vaccine While You Are Pregnant". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2018- ... The Tdap vaccine (to help protect against whooping cough) is recommended during pregnancy. Other vaccines, like the flu shot, ... "Whooping cough vaccination in pregnancy". nhs.uk. 2020-12-03. Retrieved 2020-12-19. "Vaccine Information Statements: ...
She contracted and survived whooping cough when she was five, leading to her involvement in science in her adulthood. After ... "Grace Eldering; Helped Develop Whooping Cough Vaccine". Los Angeles Times. September 3, 1988. Retrieved August 23, 2015. Burns ... Kendrick and Eldering started a "cough plate diagnostic service" on November 1, 1932, whereby cough plates of suspected ... known for her involvement in the creation of a vaccine for whooping cough along with Loney Gordon and Pearl Kendrick. Grace ...
Diseases such as pertussis (or whooping cough) are caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. This bacteria is marked by a ... Yeh, Sylvia H.; Mink, ChrisAnna M. (2012). "Bordetella pertussis and Pertussis (Whooping Cough)". Netter's Infectious Diseases ...
... "no-one ever dies of Whooping Cough". During the debates, the facts surrounding the death of Dana McCaffery from whooping cough ... HCCC report] ... noted accusations that the AVN harassed the parents of a child who died of whooping cough last year, after ... In the article, Dorey claims that "Whooping Cough is not a vaccine-preventable disease". Critics point out that evidence has ... Following the death of four-week-old Dana McCaffery from pertussis (whooping cough) in March 2009, and the subsequent ...
Whooping cough is also met with." Indian children were removed to white boarding schools and diagnosed with a wide range of ... In 1889, their crops were a failure ... Thus followed epidemics of measles, grippe [influenza], and whooping cough Pertussis, ... whooping cough, influenza, and pneumonia.[citation needed] The Sioux were victims of a syndemic of interacting infectious ... the whooping cough, influenza, tuberculosis syndemic,[citation needed] the HIV incidence, substance use, mental health, ...
Rich, Arnold R.; Long, Perrin H.; --; Bliss, Eleanor A.; Holt, L. Emmett (1932). "Experiments Upon the Cause of Whooping Cough ...
"Whooping Cough: Vaccine Combined with Tetanus, Diphtheria". Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017. ...
Whooping cough (pertussis) vaccine was first developed. The first formal allocation of funds to research was recorded in 1937. ...
Portal: Biology (EC 4.6.1, Whooping cough). ...
Kennedy died of whooping cough in 1909 at his home, 6 West 57 Street in New York. Honorary pallbearers at his funeral included ... "TRUSTEE AND NOTED BENEFACTOR DEAD John Stewart Kennedy, Donor of Hamilton Hall, Dies of Whooping-Cough DEAN VAN AM PAYS HIM ... KENNEDY DEAD OF WHOOPING COUGH; The Financier and Philanthropist Was Ill at His City Home Only Two Weeks. BEGAN HIS CAREER AT ...
Vomiting after a coughing spell or an inspiratory whooping sound on coughing almost doubles the likelihood that the illness is ... Whooping cough, also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable bacterial disease. ... In adults with a cough of less than 8 weeks, vomiting after coughing or a "whoop" is supportive. If there are no bouts of ... Following a fit of coughing, a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in. The violent coughing may ...
Whooping cough (pertussis) can cause serious illness in people of all ages but is most dangerous for babies. ... Whooping cough (pertussis) can cause serious illness in people of all ages but is most dangerous for babies. ... Make sure you and your loved ones are up to date with your whooping cough vaccines. ...
True story of an infant infected with pertussis (whooping cough). ... Pregnancy and Whooping Cough Home * For Pregnant Women ... In rare cases, whooping cough is deadly for babies. Up to 20 babies have died each year since 2010 from whooping cough in the ... Since 2010, CDC has seen between 10,000 and 50,000 cases of whooping cough each year in the United States. Whooping cough is ... Babies are at high risk for complications from whooping cough. Although death from whooping cough is rare, most are among ...
Whooping Cough - Get your Tdap shot. This graphic highlights getting a Tdap vaccine during a whooping cough outbreak. ... People of All Ages Need Whooping Cough Vaccines. This graphic highlights CDCs whooping cough vaccination recommendations for ... Whooping Cough: Questions and Answers [4 pages]. This 8-1/2″ x 11″ fact sheet provides information from the Immunization Action ... It is especially important for those who will have close contact with a baby to be up to date with their whooping cough vaccine ...
... is an infectious bacterial disease that causes uncontrollable coughing. Learn about the vaccine, symptoms, and treatment. ... What is whooping cough?. Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a respiratory infection that can cause coughing fits. In serious ... Whooping Cough (American Academy of Family Physicians) Also in Spanish * Whooping Cough (Pertussis) (Nemours Foundation) Also ... How is whooping cough diagnosed?. Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose whooping cough:. *A medical history ...
Adults and children 7 years of age and older who get whooping cough may have only a prolonged cough. ... Pertussis, or whooping cough, update. Submitted by Julie Gibbs. The Riley County Health Department continues to work with the ... Pertussis, or whooping cough, update. *Active status: University ranks as top military-friendly institution for fifth year in a ... Young children may have more serious coughing fits, often followed by a whooping sound as they try to catch their breath. ...
Pertussis (whooping cough) postexposure antimicrobial prophylaxis: Information for Health Professionals. Available from: www. ... The coughing paroxysms gradually resolve into milder and less frequent coughing, but paroxysms can recur with subsequent ... and the characteristic paroxysmal cough and whoop might be absent, in children, adolescents, and adults who were previously ... after which a cough develops and becomes paroxysmal (paroxysmal stage). Coughing paroxysms can vary in frequency and often are ...
Learn the symptoms of whooping cough and find out how your doctor will confirm that you have the disease. ... CDC: "Pertussis: Frequently Asked Questions," "Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Signs and Symptoms.". Mayo Clinic: "Whooping Cough." ... Whooping cough gets its name from its most famous symptom -- a "whoop" sound you might make when you gasp for air at the end of ... You could even break a rib during a coughing fit.. Recovery. After you get a diagnosis of whooping cough, your doctor will ...
Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a bacterial infection that often begins with cold-like symptoms and a mild cough, followed a ... It spreads when an infected person breaths, coughs or sneezes. People of all ages can get whooping cough, but infants have the ... Whooping cough has reached epidemic proportions in Texas with nearly 2,000 cases reported so far this year, including two ... So far in 2013, only 16 states are ahead of last years pace for whooping cough, the data showed. More than half are in the ...
... are usually the first signs of whooping cough. ... Whooping Cough Diagnosis. Since symptoms of whooping cough can ... Whooping Cough in Adults. In teens and adults who have been vaccinated for whooping cough, the whoop is often not there and ... Early Whooping Cough Symptoms. After becoming infected with whooping cough, it takes about seven to 10 days for signs and ... Whooping Cough Treatment. Early use of antibiotics is important in treating whooping cough and preventing it from spreading to ...
Learn the signs of whopping cough and way you can treat your child with the illness. ... Whooping Cough is a respiratory tract infection that causes uncontrollable coughing. ... A whoop sound while breathing after cough. Treatment of Whooping Cough. A nasal swab test can be done to determine if your ... Prevention of Whooping Cough. Whooping cough can be prevented with the pertussis vaccine. The vaccine series is usually ...
... a whooping cough outbreak in California sickened 9,120 people, more than in any year since 1947. Ten infants died; babies are ... When the whooping cough vaccine was invented in the 1940s, doctors thought they had finally licked the illness, which is ... In 2010, a whooping cough outbreak in California sickened 9,120 people, more than in any year since 1947. Ten infants died; ... They compared the location and number of whooping cough, or pertussis, cases in that outbreak with the personal belief ...
... the Institut Pasteur in Lille have analyzed the consequences of intensive vaccination of young children against whooping cough ... Whooping cough (pertussis) Cause Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory infection mainly caused by the bacterium ... Mechanism of activation of a major toxin involved in whooping cough The CyaA protein is a toxin produced by the bacteria ... Whooping cough or pertussis is still the primary cause of death by bacterial infection in infants less than two months old, in ...
... whooping cough - Sharing our stories on preparing for and responding to public health events ...
It usually results in lengthy and repeated bouts of coughing. ... Whooping cough, also called pertussis, is a respiratory ... How can I prevent whooping cough?. Getting the whooping cough vaccine is the best way to prevent it getting whooping cough. ... The whooping cough vaccine can help prevent the infection.. What does whooping cough sound like?. Prolonged coughing causes air ... Symptoms of whooping cough (pertussis) range from fever to violent coughing episodes.. What are the symptoms of whooping cough? ...
... commonly known as whooping cough -- surfaced among Davis students within the past week. ... "People make the whopping noise when they cough. Its a cough like youve never had before. Its a cough that just goes on and ... "Weve heard of cases where people had the whooping cough, and its a dangerous disease. We wanna make sure were taking steps ... DAVIS - Five new cases of pertussis - commonly known as whooping cough - surfaced among Davis students within the past week. ...
... Forum. Belladonna, Kali Bichromicum are mentioned. 11 replies to 2014 ... whooping cough 23 yr old has Whooping Cough HELP 3Whooping cough 3For brisbanehomeopath anxiety about child with whooping cough ... 50Post whooping cough for 11 month old 2Dr sameer please help my two children have whooping cough 1whooping cough in 4 month ... Cough from mucous in larynx Cough painful Cough paroxysmal Cough racking Cough suffocative Make a dose in a bottle and dose as ...
Having whooping cough immunisation in pregnancy protects pēpi in their first weeks of life. Start immunising pēpi the day they ... Whooping cough can make pēpi very sick and some pēpi can die. ... What is whooping cough?. Whooping cough is caused by a bacteria ... Whooping cough may cause a range of other problems.. How long does whooping cough last?. Whooping cough can last for weeks or ... Watch videos of young pēpi affected by whooping cough. How do you catch whooping cough?. Whooping cough is very easy to catch. ...
... the cough becomes more severe and is characterized by episodes of numerous rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched whoop. In ... Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly infectious bacterial disease involving the respiratory tract. It is caused ... young infants the typical whoop may never develop and coughing spasms may be followed by periods of apnoea (episodes of ... Initially, symptoms resemble those of a common cold, including sneezing, runny nose, low-grade fever and a mild cough. Within ...
... in whooping cough incidence after the 1940s to this vaccine rather than to the post-vaccine redefinition of whooping cough (as ... Just this week, the New York Times published an article stating that the problem of surging whooping cough cases has more to do ... "But scientists say the problem of surging whooping cough cases has more to do with flaws in the current vaccines than with ... Finally, The Truth Emerges About Whooping Cough Vaccine: OBs and Pediatricians, Stand Back With Your Needles. ...
District officials are warning parents about an Atascadero Junior High School student who has been diagnosed with whooping ... Whooping cough reported at Atascadero Junior High School. November 10, 2015 Atascadero Unified School District officials are ... The school district provided the following tips to help stop the spread of whooping cough:. • The best protection against ... Im assuming that the student caught whooping cough even though he/she was vaccinated under the new California law requiring ...
A Family Doctors Lifetime Study of Whooping cough. There is absolutely no doubt that the worlds problems with Covid-19 have ...
California Department of Public Health has declared the current whooping cough situation an epidemic, with more than 3,458 ... Reported cases of whooping cough vary from year to year and tend to peak every three to five years. Scientists do not ... California Whooping Cough Outbreak Declared An Epidemic; Vaccination And Booster Shots Recommended. Jun 16, 2014 11:43 AM. By ... In some cases, an infected child will not exhibit the signature rapid coughing spells that end with a "whooping" sound. The ...
Vaccination is the best way for pregnant women to protect themselves and their babies from whooping cough and influenza. ... Free whooping cough and influenza vaccines for pregnant women Vaccination is the best way for pregnant women to protect ... Pregnant women can now get both the whooping cough vaccine and influenza vaccine at no cost through the National Immunisation ... Vaccination is the best way for pregnant women to protect themselves and their babies from whooping cough and influenza. ...
Worst whooping cough outbreak in over 50 years happening among the fully vaccinated ... Whooping cough outbreaks higher among children already vaccinated. Deadly new pertussis strain linked with whooping cough ... Whooping cough outbreaks being triggered by vaccinated children. Homeopathic prevention and treatment for whooping cough - 7 ... cough_outbreak_vaccinations.html. Embed article link: (copy HTML code below):. Worst whooping cough outbreak in over 50 years ...
... Oct 10, 2006. Article ... whooping cough) than states in which obtaining immunization exemptions is more difficult, according to a study in the October ...
Australia Ends Whooping Cough Cocooning Program: Determined Ineffective. Australia Ends Whooping Cough Cocooning Program: ... State ending free parent whooping vaccine. By Kellee Nolan. Whooping Cough: Cocooning Ineffective?. Parents and carers of ... SaneVax: At the end of June 2012 all states in Australia are abandoning their whooping cough cocooning programs. This decision ... Filed Under: Australia, Pertussis Vaccines Tagged With: cocooning ineffective, pertussis, whooping cough ...
Whooping cough can be serious for anyone, but it is life-threatening in newborns and young babies. ... Whooping Cough Is Deadly for Babies. Whooping cough can be serious for anyone, but it is life-threatening in newborns and young ... The amount of whooping cough antibodies in a person decreases over time. This is why women need a whooping cough vaccine during ... Children need their whooping cough vaccine on time as it is the best way to prevent whooping cough during childhood. DTaP ...
Information on the immunisation of health professionals and advice for healthcare workers exposed to whooping cough. ... Information for healthcare workers exposed to whooping cough. Information for healthcare workers exposed to whooping cough ( ... Whooping cough immunisation of health professionals. Immunisation of health professionals was considered by the Joint Committee ... Information on the immunisation of health professionals and advice for healthcare workers exposed to whooping cough. ...
  • Whooping cough, also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable bacterial disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • The classic symptoms of pertussis are a paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whoop, and fainting, or vomiting after coughing. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cough from pertussis has been documented to cause subconjunctival hemorrhages, rib fractures, urinary incontinence, hernias, and vertebral artery dissection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vomiting after a coughing spell or an inspiratory whooping sound on coughing almost doubles the likelihood that the illness is pertussis. (wikipedia.org)
  • About 50% of children and adults "whoop" at some point in diagnosed pertussis cases during the paroxysmal stage. (wikipedia.org)
  • This stage is marked by a decrease in paroxysms of coughing, although paroxysms may occur with subsequent respiratory infection for many months after the onset of pertussis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Uncertainties have existed of B. pertussis and whooping cough as a zoonotic disease since around 1910, but in the 1930s knowledge was gained that the bacteria lost their virulent power when repeatedly spread on agar media. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whooping cough (pertussis) can cause serious illness in people of all ages but is most dangerous for babies. (cdc.gov)
  • These materials focus on whooping cough (pertussis) awareness and prevention in general or across the lifespan. (cdc.gov)
  • Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a respiratory infection that can cause coughing fits. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Whooping cough is caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People who have pertussis usually spread it through coughing, sneezing, or breathing very close to someone. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you get pertussis, you are contagious for about 2 weeks after you start coughing. (medlineplus.gov)
  • At first, whooping cough -- also called pertussis -- might seem like a regular, run-of-the mill cold. (webmd.com)
  • CDC: "Pertussis: Frequently Asked Questions," "Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Signs and Symptoms. (webmd.com)
  • New York State Department of Health: "Pertussis or Whooping Cough Fact Sheet. (webmd.com)
  • In classic pertussis disease, mild upper respiratory tract symptoms typically begin 7-10 days (range 5-21 days) after exposure (catarrhal stage), after which a cough develops and becomes paroxysmal (paroxysmal stage). (cdc.gov)
  • The clinical case definition for pertussis includes cough for ≥2 weeks with paroxysms, whoop, post-tussive vomiting, or apnea with or without cyanosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Whooping Cough, or pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection that causes uncontrollable coughing. (boystownhospital.org)
  • Whooping cough can be prevented with the pertussis vaccine. (boystownhospital.org)
  • The most noticeable symptom of whooping cough, or pertussis, is a frightening, high-pitched 'whooping' sound as people struggle for breath after uncontrollable and violent coughing fits. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious infectious bacterial disease that causes uncontrollable and violent coughing. (everydayhealth.com)
  • The best way to avoid getting whooping cough (also called pertussis) is to get vaccinated. (everydayhealth.com)
  • They compared the location and number of whooping cough, or pertussis, cases in that outbreak with the personal belief exemptions filed by parents who chose not to vaccinate for reasons other than a child's health. (kqed.org)
  • consequences of intensive vaccination of young children against whooping cough on the genome of Bordetella pertussis - the bacterium agent of the disease. (pasteur.fr)
  • Analysis of bacterial genomes shows that current cases of whooping cough are caused by B. pertussis strains that are different from the vaccine strains. (pasteur.fr)
  • Whooping cough (pertussis) is a very contagious respiratory infection that causes a distinctive "whooping" cough. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Whooping cough, also called pertussis, is a very contagious upper respiratory infection . (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Instead of coughing spells, babies with pertussis may have breathing difficulties. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • However, adults can develop serious cases of whooping cough, especially if they haven't received the pertussis vaccine. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Before the development of the pertussis vaccine, there were hundreds of thousands of cases of whooping cough each year in the U.S. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Symptoms of whooping cough (pertussis) range from fever to violent coughing episodes. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Symptoms of pertussis begin to lessen after four weeks, although bouts of coughing can recur for months after symptoms start. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • DAVIS - Five new cases of pertussis - commonly known as whooping cough - surfaced among Davis students within the past week. (fox40.com)
  • Pertussis is spread through coughing and can be deadly. (fox40.com)
  • Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly infectious bacterial disease involving the respiratory tract. (hpsc.ie)
  • NaturalNews) If four shots of toxic vaccines do not work against pertussis (AKA whooping cough), then maybe five or six will work. (naturalnews.com)
  • Pertussis is a bacterial infection involving the respiratory tract that spreads by coughing and sneezing. (naturalnews.com)
  • CHICAGO -- States that have personal belief exemptions for school immunization requirements, and exemptions that are easily obtained, have higher rates of new cases of pertussis (whooping cough) than states in which obtaining immunization exemptions is more difficult, according to a study in the October 11 issue of JAMA. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Pertussis or Whooping cough is an illness that causes a severe cough and may last for months. (wa.gov)
  • Whooping cough (pertussis) has reached epidemic levels in the U.S. - the highest in five decades. (wakeup-world.com)
  • The CDC would like to keep the American population ignorant about this startling fact: Our current pertussis epidemic is caused by a deadly new strain of Bordetella pertussis bacterium (ptxP3) and its emergence is directly connected to the whooping cough vaccine. (wakeup-world.com)
  • Whooping Cough Epidemic Caused by Virulent New Pertussis Strain - And It's the Result of Vaccine" Gaia Health. (wakeup-world.com)
  • Whooping Cough: Worst Year For Pertussis in 5 Decades, CDC Says" Mike Stobbe, July 19, 2012. (wakeup-world.com)
  • Whooping cough, also known as "pertussisis," is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium bordetella pertussis. (cruiselawnews.com)
  • Pertussis is known for uncontrollable, violent coughing which often makes it hard to breathe. (cruiselawnews.com)
  • Temporary programme of pertussis (whooping cough) vaccination of pregnant women. (britishjournalofmidwifery.com)
  • Whooping cough, or pertussis as it is officially named, is hitting Central Kentucky hard. (lexingtonclinic.com)
  • Pertussis (also known as whooping cough) is a preventable disease. (ddssafety.net)
  • Also known as pertussis, whooping cough is a contagious respiratory illness that can be extremely serious, for babies and young children but is mild in adults. (haligonia.ca)
  • This translated information resource provides information on the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough) booster vaccine given for free to children at 18 months old through the National Immunisation Program schedule. (vic.gov.au)
  • It describes what diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough) are, describes the vaccines and also side effects. (vic.gov.au)
  • If you live in Keller, specifically if you have a child at Timberview Middle School, you may have received an email confirming a case of whooping cough, or pertussis, in the area. (checkupnewsroom.com)
  • However, some moms and dads may not realize the harm they are doing their newborn by not getting themselves or their older children vaccinated for whooping cough, or pertussis. (checkupnewsroom.com)
  • Whooping cough - commonly known as pertussis - is a highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract. (sesamecare.com)
  • The condition is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis, which is spread through water droplets expelled into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. (sesamecare.com)
  • Whooping cough is the common term for pertussis, an extremely infectious bacterial infection. (croydonhillspharmacy.com.au)
  • When infected with pertussis the sufferer has violent attacks of coughing, with a characteristic 'whoop' caused when you try to take a breath in during a coughing attack. (croydonhillspharmacy.com.au)
  • Treatment for whooping cough is usually specific antibiotics if treatment is started early enough, so it is important to see your doctor at once if you suspect pertussis infection. (croydonhillspharmacy.com.au)
  • Whooping cough (also known as pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory infection that is characterized by severe coughing spells that ends with a 'whooping' sound due to the high pitch intake of breath. (plushcare.com)
  • Whooping cough is a bacterial infection caused the bacteria Bordetella pertussis . (plushcare.com)
  • Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a vaccine-preventable respiratory illness caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis . (tn.gov)
  • Pertussis is extremely contagious and is spread from person to person by coughing or sneezing. (tn.gov)
  • Kids with pertussis will have spells of back-to-back coughs without breathing in between. (kidshealth.org)
  • Whooping cough can happen at any age, but is most severe in infants under 1 year old who did not get the pertussis vaccine, which is part of the DTaP vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis). (kidshealth.org)
  • Officially diagnosed by the name pertussis, whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial infection that resides within the nose and throat. (7dayspediatrics.com)
  • Pertussis or whooping cough has been given many names over the centuries. (phlabs.com)
  • Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou isolated Bordetella pertussis, a causative agent for whooping cough, in Paris more than 100 years ago, which created an excellent opportunity to invent a vaccine," reports the National Institutes of Health (NIH). (phlabs.com)
  • Whooping cough (also called pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis . (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • Whooping cough , or pertussis, is highly contagious and can be especially serious for infants who aren't old enough to be vaccinated. (cdc.gov)
  • By getting the whooping cough vaccine (also called Tdap) in your third trimester, you will pass antibodies to your baby so she is born with protection against whooping cough. (cdc.gov)
  • I want people to know how serious whooping cough can be and that it can be prevented," says Jamie, who hadn't heard of or been offered the whooping cough vaccine (also called Tdap) while she was pregnant. (cdc.gov)
  • This graphic highlights getting a Tdap vaccine during a whooping cough outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • It is especially important for those who will have close contact with a baby to be up to date with their whooping cough vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • Student leaves a vaccine clinic at a Los Angeles middle school after being immunized against whooping cough. (kqed.org)
  • When the whooping cough vaccine was invented in the 1940s, doctors thought they had finally licked the illness, which is especially dangerous for babies. (kqed.org)
  • High vaccine coverage, based on these new vaccines which target virulence, could therefore speed up control of whooping cough. (pasteur.fr)
  • The whooping cough vaccine can help prevent the infection. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • This is especially true for adults who've received the whooping cough vaccine. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Pregnant women can now get both the whooping cough vaccine and influenza vaccine at no cost through the National Immunisation Program. (health.gov.au)
  • Recovering from whooping cough confers a naturally-acquired immunity that is much stronger and longer lasting than any artificial immunity induced by the toxic laden vaccine. (naturalnews.com)
  • CDC recommends that pregnant women receive the whooping cough vaccine called Tdap during each pregnancy. (sd.gov)
  • This is why women need a whooping cough vaccine during each pregnancy so high levels of protective antibodies are transferred to each baby. (sd.gov)
  • The whooping cough vaccine for children (2 months through 6 years) is called DTaP. (sd.gov)
  • Children need their whooping cough vaccine on time as it is the best way to prevent whooping cough during childhood. (sd.gov)
  • Experts have studied the whooping cough vaccine for adolescents and adults (Tdap), and they have concluded that it is very safe for pregnant women and their babies. (sd.gov)
  • CDC continually monitors whooping cough vaccine safety. (sd.gov)
  • Getting whooping cough or a whooping cough vaccine (as a child or an adult) does not provide lifetime protection. (sd.gov)
  • The Mooi report focuses on the virulence of the new whooping cough strain and makes a direct association with the vaccine. (wakeup-world.com)
  • This may explain why whooping cough rates are sky high in those who have been vaccinated - bacteria are adapting to the vaccine and mutating, much like antibiotic resistant superbugs, becoming more pronounced and lethal. (wakeup-world.com)
  • Has the DTaP vaccine caused the increase in whooping cough? (wakeup-world.com)
  • Most children are vaccinated for whooping cough, but protection from the vaccine fades over time. (ddssafety.net)
  • Explaining safety is important for CCfV as they are in the process of looking for volunteers to participate in a study into creating a better vaccine for the whooping cough . (haligonia.ca)
  • The good news is there is a whooping cough vaccine that can prevent severe illness. (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • While many people think mostly of vaccines in children, the whooping cough vaccine in adults should be given with each pregnancy. (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • Anyone who is not vaccinated with the whooping cough vaccine, or whose vaccination status is not up-to-date, is at risk of contracting the disease. (europa.eu)
  • The vaccine for whooping cough is usually given in combination with diphtheria and tetanus vaccinations (often in combination also with poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae and hepatitis B vaccination). (europa.eu)
  • Named after the characteristic sound of its notorious coughing fits, whooping cough is an extraordinarily uncomfortable condition that typically manifests itself in babies and in children ages 11 to 18 whose vaccine-provided immunities have begun to fade. (7dayspediatrics.com)
  • According to this 2015 report , "The recent outbreaks of whooping cough in the United States may be due, in part, to a change made two decades ago to vaccine ingredients, a new study finds. (phlabs.com)
  • Whooping cough is widespread in Australia and is one of the least controlled vaccine-preventable diseases. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • Health bosses in Newham are encouraging mums-to-be to protect their new born babies from whooping cough by getting the vaccine in the last three months of their pregnancy (from 28 weeks). (avrupatimes.com)
  • Pregnant women who have the vaccine will pass protection to their babies against whooping cough that last for the first weeks of their life, until they are old enough to be vaccinated themselves. (avrupatimes.com)
  • It is much safer to have the vaccine than to risk whooping cough in a newborn baby. (avrupatimes.com)
  • The vaccine protects against whooping cough for the first few weeks of life but it is vitally important that babies still receive the full routine childhood immunisation programme starting at two months. (avrupatimes.com)
  • Knowing that Tdap vaccination during pregnancy protects nine in 10 babies from being hospitalized with whooping cough, I strongly recommend this vaccine to all my pregnant patients for their peace of mind and for their family's health and well-being. (cdc.gov)
  • This graphic highlights CDC's whooping cough vaccination recommendations for young children, preteens, pregnant women, and adults. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers from the Institut Pasteur in Paris and the Institut Pasteur in Lille have analyzed the consequences of intensive vaccination of young children against whooping cough on the bacterium agent of the disease. (pasteur.fr)
  • Vaccination is the best way for pregnant women to protect themselves and their babies from whooping cough and influenza. (health.gov.au)
  • CDC data shows 84 percent of children under the age of three have received at least four DTaP shots and yet, despite high vaccination rates, whooping cough still keeps circulating, largely among the fully vaccinated . (naturalnews.com)
  • All states and territories except Tasmania and South Australia introduced the free parental vaccination program in 2009 to help prevent whooping cough in infants. (sanevax.org)
  • Immunisation of health professionals was considered by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation ( JCVI ) as part of a range of control options during the 2012 whooping cough outbreak. (www.gov.uk)
  • Older children may be offered a free "booster" vaccination for whooping cough and other serious life threatening diseases generally aged about 10 or 11. (croydonhillspharmacy.com.au)
  • Adults can also have booster vaccination against whooping cough, and this is particularly important if you are around pregnant women, are pregnant yourself, or are commonly around infants. (croydonhillspharmacy.com.au)
  • This is especially important for babies, as whooping cough leaves them in significant danger, though it is essential to keep your children on regular vaccination schedules, regardless of their individual age. (7dayspediatrics.com)
  • Would you like to know more about the whooping cough vaccination during your pregnancy? (verloskundigenpraktijkhaarlemmermeerenbollenstreek.nl)
  • Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent whooping cough. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • If you are pregnant ask your GP, practice nurse or midwife about how you can get the whooping cough vaccination. (avrupatimes.com)
  • A CDC study published today provides further evidence that Tdap vaccination during pregnancy helps protect newborns from whooping cough during their first two months of life, when they are most vulnerable to the disease. (cdc.gov)
  • They found an association between reduced rates of whooping cough in newborns younger than two months old and Tdap vaccination during pregnancy . (cdc.gov)
  • The new study is the first time researchers have looked at U.S. population level trends in infant whooping cough cases since this maternal vaccination strategy began in 2011. (cdc.gov)
  • Newborn whooping cough rates decreased significantly since the introduction of maternal Tdap vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • When given during the third trimester of pregnancy, Tdap vaccination prevents more than three in four cases of whooping cough in infants younger than two months old. (cdc.gov)
  • Make sure you and your loved ones are up to date with your whooping cough vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • This 8-1/2″ x 11″ fact sheet provides information from the Immunization Action Coalition about whooping cough and vaccines to prevent it. (cdc.gov)
  • This podcast provides information about the symptoms of whooping cough and how vaccines can help prevent this serious disease for people of all ages. (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccines are the best way to prevent whooping cough. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There are two vaccines in the United States that can help prevent whooping cough: DTaP and Tdap. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Just this week, the New York Times published an article stating that the problem of surging whooping cough cases has more to do with flaws in the current vaccines than with parents' resistance. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Parents and carers of babies in Queensland, NSW and WA may no longer have access to free whooping cough vaccines, with the program under review. (sanevax.org)
  • There are currently no whooping cough vaccines licensed or recommended for newborns at birth. (sd.gov)
  • Vaccines, including whooping cough vaccines, are held to the highest standards of safety. (sd.gov)
  • While whooping cough vaccines (Tdap and DTaP) are safe, side effects can occur. (sd.gov)
  • Protection from both whooping cough vaccines fades over time, but people who are vaccinated and get whooping cough later are typically protected against severe illness. (sd.gov)
  • Even more disturbing, scientists now suspect that vaccines are actually causing this upsurge in whooping cough - contributing to mutations of the original bacterium into more virulent forms. (wakeup-world.com)
  • Vaccines are also effective in helping prevent the spread of whooping cough. (lexingtonclinic.com)
  • Prior to availability of vaccines, whooping cough predominantly affected children. (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • While vaccines are extremely effective in reducing the likelihood of contracting whooping cough, the possibility of developing the condition is still present. (7dayspediatrics.com)
  • Furthermore, changes made to whooping cough vaccines may be one of the reasons why the United States has seen more whooping cough outbreaks over the past couple of years or so. (phlabs.com)
  • Getting Tdap during pregnancy offers infants the best protection before they are old enough to receive their whooping cough vaccines," said Dr. José R. Romero, Director of CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • All people in close contact with infants should be up to date with their whooping cough vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • Infants may have only a minimal cough or none at all, but they may struggle to breath or stop breathing all together. (everydayhealth.com)
  • About one-third of all infants (babies younger than 1 year old) who get whooping cough need treatment at a hospital. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • In young infants the typical 'whoop' may never develop and coughing spasms may be followed by periods of apnoea (episodes of cessation of breathing). (hpsc.ie)
  • Whooping cough can cause serious illness in infants, children and adults. (ddssafety.net)
  • Infants and children with pertusis cough violently, over and over. (ddssafety.net)
  • Whooping cough is most severe for infants less than 1 year old. (ddssafety.net)
  • In rare cases, whooping cough can be deadly for infants. (ddssafety.net)
  • Many infants who get whooping cough are infected by parents, brothers and sisters, or other caregivers who might not even know they have the disease. (ddssafety.net)
  • The purpose of the booster is to provide ongoing protection against whooping cough throughout adulthood and lessen risks to infants too young to be vaccinated. (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • This infection can affect anyone, but is particularly dangerous when infants get the infection as their air passages are so tiny that their breathing may stop during a coughing attack. (croydonhillspharmacy.com.au)
  • In young infants the typical 'whoop' may never develop, and the coughing fits may be followed by brief periods when breathing stops. (europa.eu)
  • In these groups, and in very young infants, whooping cough is harder to diagnose. (europa.eu)
  • The most severe forms of whooping cough are in infants. (europa.eu)
  • Whooping cough in unvaccinated infants or infants whose mother was unvaccinated can be particularly severe. (europa.eu)
  • In small infants, the cough can be minimal or nonexistent and they may become apneic (stop breathing). (tn.gov)
  • The whoop is not often heard in young infants. (empowher.com)
  • For infants, complications from whooping cough are a great deal more severe. (7dayspediatrics.com)
  • Nearly 170 infants end up in hospital with whooping cough every year. (verloskundigenpraktijkhaarlemmermeerenbollenstreek.nl)
  • Newborns are not protected Infants and young children are vaccinated against whooping cough. (verloskundigenpraktijkhaarlemmermeerenbollenstreek.nl)
  • That means that newborns and very young infants are not yet protected against whooping cough during the first few months. (verloskundigenpraktijkhaarlemmermeerenbollenstreek.nl)
  • This protection is critical because those first few months are when infants are most likely to have serious complications, be hospitalized or die if they get whooping cough. (cdc.gov)
  • Initial symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough, but these are followed by two or three months of severe coughing fits. (wikipedia.org)
  • People are infectious from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits. (wikipedia.org)
  • After one or two weeks, the coughing classically develops into uncontrollable fits, sometimes followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound, as the person tries to inhale. (wikipedia.org)
  • The coughing fits get worse and start happening more often, especially at night. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The coughing fits can come back if you have another respiratory infection, even months after you first got whooping cough. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Young children may have more serious coughing fits, often followed by a whooping sound as they try to catch their breath. (k-state.edu)
  • As the condition worsens, you'll likely have fits of rapid coughing followed by a natural attempt to catch your breath. (webmd.com)
  • While symptoms of the common cold usually subside after a week or two, whooping cough can cause a series of severe coughing fits that continue for several weeks. (everydayhealth.com)
  • These intense coughing fits can cause vomiting and fatigue. (everydayhealth.com)
  • They may have long-lasting coughing fits that keep them awake all night. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The coughing fits frequently entail vomitting and therefore babies are at risk of suffocating. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Part of the problem is symptoms start out looking just like a common cold before the dangerous coughing fits set in. (lexingtonclinic.com)
  • After this initial phase, people tend to develop "fits" of fast coughs followed by a high-pitched whooping sound. (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • Coughing fits may become severe and it is not uncommon to cough until you vomit. (croydonhillspharmacy.com.au)
  • After this phase, the coughing fits become less frequent and less severe, and the infant gradually gets better (this can take up to three months). (europa.eu)
  • The earlier a person, especially an infant, starts treatment (first 1 to 2 weeks before coughing fits), symptoms may be reduced. (plushcare.com)
  • Later symptoms include the gradual onset of coughing, which develops into fits of rapid coughs, sometimes with a classic inspiratory whoop as the patient gasps for air, and sometimes with post-coughing vomiting and exhaustion. (tn.gov)
  • Fits of coughing may recur for months. (empowher.com)
  • The infection leads to severe coughing fits, which can persist for months. (verloskundigenpraktijkhaarlemmermeerenbollenstreek.nl)
  • Characterized by violent fits of coughing that may cause a person to breathe very deep resulting in a whooping sound, this is how the respiratory illness got its unique name. (phlabs.com)
  • Later-stage symptoms may cause vomiting and exhaustion due to the extreme coughing fits. (phlabs.com)
  • In bad cases, the coughing fits may last up to 10 weeks. (phlabs.com)
  • In 2010, a whooping cough outbreak in California sickened 9,120 people, more than in any year since 1947. (kqed.org)
  • Whooping Cough Outbreak on the Voyager of the Seas? (cruiselawnews.com)
  • An outbreak of whooping cough has been declared in southern Alberta, causing concern for healthcare officials in Saskatchewan. (swiftcurrentonline.com)
  • It's the kind of disease that once it gets rolling you really have to jump on it," said Missoula City County Health Department Director Ellen Leahy, in this report discussing a whooping cough outbreak in western Montana. (phlabs.com)
  • Evidence to support interventions for the cough, other than antibiotics, is poor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The treatment for whooping cough is usually antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sometimes health care providers give antibiotics to family members of people who have had whooping cough or people who have been exposed to it. (medlineplus.gov)
  • After you get a diagnosis of whooping cough, your doctor will likely treat you with antibiotics. (webmd.com)
  • Early use of antibiotics is important in treating whooping cough and preventing it from spreading to others. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Mainstream medicine treats whooping cough with antibiotics. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Whooping cough can be treated with antibiotics if caught early, but if it goes untreated the violent coughing can stick around for as long as 10 weeks! (lexingtonclinic.com)
  • Whooping cough] is caused by a bacterium, and there are antibiotics that can help shorten the period of coughing and also shorten the infectivity period," Dr. Torr explained. (swiftcurrentonline.com)
  • If whooping cough is diagnosed within the first three weeks of symptoms, antibiotics are used during this phase. (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • Antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of whooping cough. (sesamecare.com)
  • Antibiotics can be used to treat whooping cough and prevent further spread of the disease. (europa.eu)
  • If you contract whooping cough, you will likely be given antibiotics. (phlabs.com)
  • Cold-like symptoms , including a mild cough and fever, are usually the first signs of whooping cough . (everydayhealth.com)
  • Initially, symptoms resemble those of a common cold, including sneezing, runny nose, low-grade fever and a mild cough. (hpsc.ie)
  • The disease starts like the common cold, with a runny nose, congestion, sneezing, coughing and maybe a mild fever. (ddssafety.net)
  • Other treatment is generally for the symptoms of whooping cough, such as decongestants for runny nose and pain relieving medicines for fever. (croydonhillspharmacy.com.au)
  • During the early stage of the disease, symptoms include runny nose, low-grade fever, and mild cough. (tn.gov)
  • Other symptoms are a runny nose, sneezing, mild cough, and a low-grade fever. (kidshealth.org)
  • A child who has a cough, mild fever, and runny nose probably has a common cold . (kidshealth.org)
  • But coughs with a fever of 102°F (39°C) or higher can sometimes be due to pneumonia , especially if a child is weak and breathing fast. (kidshealth.org)
  • Specific exposure to measles, scarlet fever and whooping cough are also considered. (lu.se)
  • The cough may be so hard that it causes vomiting, rib fractures, and fatigue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Coughing paroxysms can vary in frequency and often are followed by vomiting. (cdc.gov)
  • Older tamariki usually get a less severe disease but the cough and vomiting can be very distressing. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • The coughing spell can cause fatigue and vomiting. (plushcare.com)
  • Vomiting as a result of coughing is common. (empowher.com)
  • Coughing bouts can be followed by vomiting, choking, or taking a big gasping breath, which causes a 'whooping' sound. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • Following a fit of coughing, a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in. (wikipedia.org)
  • This sound is a loud, high-pitched "whooping" noise. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Within two weeks, the cough becomes more severe and is characterized by episodes of numerous rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched whoop. (hpsc.ie)
  • Symptoms are initially those of nonspecific upper respiratory infection followed by paroxysmal or spasmodic coughing that usually ends in a prolonged, high-pitched, crowing inspiration (the whoop). (msdmanuals.com)
  • These bacteria are highly contagious and spreads from person to person via airborne mechanisms, specifically, via coughing or sneezing. (plushcare.com)
  • In Missoula, potentially hundreds of residents have recently been exposed to whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory disease. (phlabs.com)
  • The illness usually starts with mild respiratory symptoms include mild coughing, sneezing, or a runny nose (known as the catarrhal stage). (wikipedia.org)
  • But it doesn't happen in all adults, so it's important to learn the range of symptoms you might get -- from a runny nose to a hacking cough that you can't seem to shake. (webmd.com)
  • What are the symptoms of whooping cough? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Since symptoms of whooping cough can resemble those of the common cold, flu, and bronchitis , it can be difficult to diagnose. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Symptoms of whooping cough begin to appear a week after exposure to the bacteria. (sesamecare.com)
  • If you notice the early signs and symptoms of whooping cough in a young infant (6 months or younger), seek medical attention right away. (sesamecare.com)
  • Symptoms of whooping cough usually develop within 5 to 10 days after exposure, but in some cases, can take as long as 3 weeks to develop. (plushcare.com)
  • There are early symptoms of whooping cough and later symptoms of whooping cough. (plushcare.com)
  • Symptoms of whooping cough generally appear between 7 and 20 days after infection, and infected people are most contagious up to about 21 days after the cough begins. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • Having whooping cough immunisation in pregnancy protects pēpi in their first weeks of life. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • Parents or older children in the family with whooping cough can easily pass it on to pēpi who are too young to have fully completed their immunisation course. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • Information on the immunisation of health professionals and advice for healthcare workers exposed to whooping cough. (www.gov.uk)
  • Dr Chris Luke, Consultant in Emergency Medicine, speaks about the Whooping Cough & Immunisation on RTÉ's Today Show. (iaem.ie)
  • The most important way to prevent whooping cough is through complete immunisation. (europa.eu)
  • It is an airborne disease (through droplets) that spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. (wikipedia.org)
  • When you cough or sneeze, you can spread tiny respiratory droplets containing the bacteria into the air. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • It spreads through the air in droplets, so coughing, sneezing and contact with spit (saliva) pass it on. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • A person infected with the bacteria may cough and sneeze expelling infected droplets. (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • Whooping cough is highly infectious and is usually passed from person to person through droplets containing the bacteria moving through the air, often at high speed from coughing around uninfected people. (croydonhillspharmacy.com.au)
  • Whooping cough is spread via airborne droplets produced when the infected person coughs. (europa.eu)
  • Whooping cough is spread much like the flu , from tiny droplets when people sneeze. (phlabs.com)
  • Whooping cough is typically spread from person to person through tiny droplets in the air containing the bacteria. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • These droplets are created by coughing or sneezing. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • George Nelson] Almost all causes of pneumonia are spread person-to-person by coughing out tiny droplets. (cdc.gov)
  • all mums-to-be protect their new born babies from whooping cough by getting a jab when they are pregnant. (avrupatimes.com)
  • As whooping cough is on the increase across the country the Chief Medical Officer for England and Wales is recommending that all mums-to-be protect their new born babies from whooping cough by getting a jab when they are pregnant. (avrupatimes.com)
  • These antibodies give babies some short-term protection against whooping cough until they can begin building their own immunity through childhood vaccinations. (sd.gov)
  • The illness can be milder, and the characteristic paroxysmal cough and whoop might be absent, in children, adolescents, and adults who were previously vaccinated. (cdc.gov)
  • These coughing episodes can continue for weeks or even months after you first develop symptoms of the illness. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Whooping cough can cause very serious illness in pēpi and young tamariki. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • Older tamariki and adults may get a less severe illness, particularly if they have had whooping cough before. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • But, most have a long-lasting irritating cough and some will still get a severe illness. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • Not every person who has been diagnosed with whooping cough, however, experiences the loud inhalation of air that the illness is named for. (sesamecare.com)
  • Whooping cough is a very common illness, most frequently found in children too young to be vaccinated against the infection. (sesamecare.com)
  • While these medications will not cure the cough that is common with the illness, they will speed up recovery. (sesamecare.com)
  • Family members who have been exposed to whooping cough may also require antibiotic therapy to prevent the illness from spreading. (sesamecare.com)
  • Coughs are one of the most common symptoms of childhood illness. (kidshealth.org)
  • Jazzlyn's final diagnosis was pneumonia caused by whooping cough. (cdc.gov)
  • They might ask you to get a chest X-ray to see if you have inflammation or fluid in your lungs that are signs of pneumonia, a complication of whooping cough. (webmd.com)
  • The respiratory infection comes with a severe and prolonged cough that lasts for weeks, and can have serious complications such as pneumonia, convulsions and even brain damage. (swiftcurrentonline.com)
  • Complications from whooping cough more commonly seen in babies include pneumonia, convulsions, slowed or stopped breathing and even encephalopathy (disease of the brain). (phlabs.com)
  • Whooping cough is a bacterial infection of the lungs that can be very serious in babies leading to complications such as brain damage, pneumonia and even death. (avrupatimes.com)
  • A week or two after the initial infection, signs and symptoms worsen due to thick mucus that accumulates inside the airways, causing uncontrollable coughing that can last up to 10 weeks and sometimes several months. (boystownhospital.org)
  • In teens and adults who have been vaccinated for whooping cough , the 'whoop' is often not there and the infection is generally less severe. (everydayhealth.com)
  • On average, each person with whooping cough passes the infection on to 12 other people. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • Up to a third of teenagers and young adults with a long-lasting cough have evidence of recent whooping cough infection. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • Infection is air borne after coughing. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Dr. Torr advised that anyone with whooping cough isolates, staying home from work or school to avoid spreading the infection. (swiftcurrentonline.com)
  • After coughing, always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water, drying your hands completely with disposable paper towels to prevent other people accidentally using the same towels as someone with an infection. (croydonhillspharmacy.com.au)
  • Asthma, allergies , or a chronic infection in the sinuses or airways also might cause lasting coughs. (kidshealth.org)
  • However, in order to be most effective, treatment must begin early in the course of disease, during the first one to two weeks before the episodes of numerous rapid coughs occur. (europa.eu)
  • What causes whooping cough? (medlineplus.gov)
  • The sample is tested for the bacteria that causes whooping cough. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Technicians will test it to see if it contains the bacteria that causes whooping cough. (webmd.com)
  • The name of the disease comes from the whooping noise you might make when you try to breathe in after coughing. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Babies and other people at high risk serious disease should be kept away from people who have whooping cough. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We've heard of cases where people had the whooping cough, and it's a dangerous disease. (fox40.com)
  • Whooping cough is an extremely contagious disease of the lung that can be contracted at any age, but is especially dangerous for children. (wakeup-world.com)
  • After an average incubation period of 7-10 days the disease starts like a normal cough. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Immunity after the disease seems to weaken in old age as adults also contract whooping cough. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Whooping cough is a very contagious disease caused by bacteria. (ddssafety.net)
  • People with whooping cough usually spread the disease by coughing or sneezing while they are close to other people, who then breathe in the whooping cough bacteria. (ddssafety.net)
  • People with the disease can make a "whooping" sound when taking in deep breaths after coughing episodes. (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • Whooping cough symptoms may resemble the common cold during the first two weeks of the disease. (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • Whooping cough can also be spread by an individual who has only a mild form of the disease, or by an infected individual who has no symptoms at all. (europa.eu)
  • As the disease progresses, the coughing spells can occur more frequently at night, and continue for up to 10 weeks or more. (plushcare.com)
  • To be more proactive in the treatment and prevention of this disease, read below to learn the basics on whooping cough and how to best go about alleviating it. (7dayspediatrics.com)
  • So one of the most effective ways to prevent whooping cough is by being vaccinated, however, being vaccinated does not provide 100 percent protection from a disease. (phlabs.com)
  • Pregnant women who have been vaccinated against whooping cough before becoming pregnant or who have had the disease themselves should still be vaccinated once they are pregnant to protect their new born child. (avrupatimes.com)
  • A thick mucus accumulates inside your airways, causing uncontrollable coughing. (everydayhealth.com)
  • The cough can gradually get worse and severe bouts of uncontrollable coughing can develop. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • To make a diagnosis, your doctor will listen to your cough and ask questions about your symptoms. (webmd.com)
  • Whooping cough can also worsen asthma control, even months after diagnosis. (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • Visit a doctor to get an official diagnosis if you suspect that you or your child has whooping cough. (plushcare.com)
  • Video chatting" lets doctors see and hear a child cough, and often this is enough to make a diagnosis or rule out a serious problem. (kidshealth.org)
  • What I observed was that she slept very peacefully with an occasional mild cough spell or two. (abchomeopathy.com)
  • Violent coughing can cause the pleura to rupture, leading to a pneumothorax. (wikipedia.org)
  • In serious cases, the coughing can become violent and rapid. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The condition can cause bouts of repeated, violent coughing that may come and go and last for weeks or months. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Prolonged, repeated or violent coughing episodes (paroxysms) that recur intermittently for up to 10 weeks or more. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Since 2010, CDC has seen between 10,000 and 50,000 cases of whooping cough each year in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • In rare cases, whooping cough is deadly for babies. (cdc.gov)
  • In some cases -- such as when it's hard to figure out if it's whooping cough, the flu, or bronchitis -- you might need tests. (webmd.com)
  • This weekly report includes the current number of whooping cough cases for the state and each county. (wa.gov)
  • We have an opportunity of catching up on our vaccinations so that we can get better protection and avoid these outbreaks or cases of whooping cough. (swiftcurrentonline.com)
  • According to the Ontario Department of Health, between 1,000 to 3,000 Canadians are infected with whooping cough each year with another 20 to 40 million cases worldwide and an estimated 400,000 deaths. (haligonia.ca)
  • Now, more than one-half of whooping cough cases occur in adolescents and adults . (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • PlushCare doctors cannot treat all cases of whooping cough. (plushcare.com)
  • In severe cases, coughing may cause a person to have trouble breathing or turn blue from lack of oxygen. (empowher.com)
  • There have been six confirmed cases of whooping cough in Missoula, the patients ranging from preschool age to teenagers. (phlabs.com)
  • Adults account for half of whooping cough cases each year. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • The number of cases of whooping cough is increasing with more than 4,400 confirmed cases in England and Wales this year (compared with less than 500 in 2010). (avrupatimes.com)
  • CDC scientists tracked reports of infant whooping cough cases between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019. (cdc.gov)
  • National Foundation for Infectious Diseases: "Facts About Whooping Cough for Adults. (webmd.com)
  • She is 11 years old, she says she's had the severe cough for 4 or 5 days now. (abchomeopathy.com)
  • A severe cough then sets in with a 'whooping' sound accompanying the intake of breath. (wakeup-world.com)
  • If you or your child develops a cold with a prolonged or severe cough, contact your doctor. (ddssafety.net)
  • If I could go back, I would have waited to open this thread until after I monitored her, but I alas, I was worn down and anxious about the prospect of two children in the worse stage of whooping cough. (abchomeopathy.com)
  • Hello, My daughter caught the whooping cough from my 11 month old son. (abchomeopathy.com)
  • It was described as "miserable" when the entire family caught the "whooping cough. (checkupnewsroom.com)
  • What are the complications of whooping cough? (allergyasthmanetwork.org)
  • Sadly, 1 out of 100 babies hospitalised will die due to complications of whooping cough. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • Complications of whooping cough are usually less serious in adults, especially if you have been vaccinated. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • Whooping cough can be serious for anyone, but it is life-threatening in newborns and young babies. (sd.gov)
  • Some newborns may not cough at all but they can stop breathing and turn blue. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • Most common colds wrap up in less than 2 weeks, but whooping cough will start to get worse. (webmd.com)
  • Over a week or two, the cough gets worse and your child will have bouts of coughing. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • The cough often gets worse with swallowing or eating. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • Lots of coughs get worse at night. (kidshealth.org)
  • Cold air or activity can make coughs worse during the daytime. (kidshealth.org)
  • The cough becomes progressively worse over days to weeks (usually lasting 2-6 weeks). (empowher.com)
  • The cough can last for many weeks and can be worse at night. (vaccinehub.com.au)
  • they may only have the paroxysmal cough for a couple of weeks, and it may lack the "whooping" characteristic. (wikipedia.org)
  • After becoming infected with whooping cough, it takes about seven to 10 days for signs and symptoms to appear, and sometimes longer. (everydayhealth.com)
  • They also note that the greater prevalence of whooping cough in older age groups (that is, adolescents and adults) is directly related to the new ptxP3 strains. (wakeup-world.com)
  • The cough is usually accompanied by a "whoop" noise that occurs when the child tries to inhale after coughing. (boystownhospital.org)
  • When the air is gone from their lungs, they inhale with a loud "whooping" sound. (ddssafety.net)
  • Prolonged coughing spells come on suddenly and frequently end with a forceful inhale or whoop. (empowher.com)
  • Whooping Cough Outbreaks in Vaccinated Children Become More and More Frequent" Heidi Stevenson, Gaia Health, June 27, 2011. (wakeup-world.com)
  • Whooping cough gets its name from its most famous symptom -- a "whoop" sound you might make when you gasp for air at the end of a coughing fit. (webmd.com)
  • When you gasp for air quickly and deeply after a coughing fit, a whooping cough sound might accompany the inhalation of air. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • They gasp for air between each bout of coughing. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • If your child gets an ordinary cold in the weeks after they have recovered from whooping cough, episodes of coughing sometimes come back for a while. (kidshealth.org.nz)
  • The absence of a paroxysmal cough or posttussive emesis, though, makes it almost half as likely. (wikipedia.org)