West nile virus. Medical search

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.

A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)

Diseases of birds not considered poultry, therefore usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. The concept is differentiated from POULTRY DISEASES which is for birds raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption, and usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with WEST NILE VIRUS.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.

A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.

Diseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.

Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.

Common name for the largest birds in the order PASSERIFORMES, family Corvidae. These omnivorous black birds comprise most of the species in the genus Corvus, along with ravens and jackdaws (which are often also referred to as crows).

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE containing several subgroups and many species. Most are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. The type species is YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.

Infections with viruses of the genus FLAVIVIRUS, family FLAVIVIRIDAE.

Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.

Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

A family of the order Rodentia which contains 49 genera. Some of the more common genera are MARMOTA, which includes the marmot and woodchuck; Sciurus, the gray squirrel, S. carolinensis, and the fox squirrel, S. niger; Tamias, the eastern and western chipmunk; and Tamiasciurus, the red squirrel. The flying squirrels, except the scaly-tailed Anomaluridae, also belong to this family.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE), which is the etiologic agent of ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS in the United States, the Caribbean, and Central and South America.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified.

A viral encephalitis caused by the St. Louis encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, ST. LOUIS), a FLAVIVIRUS. It is transmitted to humans and other vertebrates primarily by mosquitoes of the genus CULEX. The primary animal vectors are wild birds and the disorder is endemic to the midwestern and southeastern United States. Infections may be limited to an influenza-like illness or present as an ASEPTIC MENINGITIS or ENCEPHALITIS. Clinical manifestations of the encephalitic presentation may include SEIZURES, lethargy, MYOCLONUS, focal neurologic signs, COMA, and DEATH. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p750)

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

A subgroup of the genus FLAVIVIRUS which comprises a number of viral species that are the etiologic agents of human encephalitis in many different geographical regions. These include Japanese encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE), St. Louis encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, ST. LOUIS), Murray Valley encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, MURRAY VALLEY), and WEST NILE VIRUS.

BIRDS that hunt and kill other animals, especially higher vertebrates, for food. They include the FALCONIFORMES order, or diurnal birds of prey, comprised of EAGLES, falcons, HAWKS, and others, as well as the STRIGIFORMES order, or nocturnal birds of prey, which includes OWLS.

The presence of viruses in the blood.

Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.

Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.

PASSERIFORMES of the suborder, Oscines, in which the flexor tendons of the toes are separate, and the lower syrinx has 4 to 9 pairs of tensor muscles inserted at both ends of the tracheal half rings. They include many commonly recognized birds such as CROWS; FINCHES; robins; SPARROWS; and SWALLOWS.

A species of the genus FLAVIVIRUS which causes an acute febrile and sometimes hemorrhagic disease in man. Dengue is mosquito-borne and four serotypes are known.

Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).

Monitoring of rate of occurrence of specific conditions to assess the stability or change in health levels of a population. It is also the study of disease rates in a specific cohort such as in a geographic area or population subgroup to estimate trends in a larger population. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A geographical area of the United States comprising the District of Columbia, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE), which is the etiological agent of Japanese encephalitis found in Asia, southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.

Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.

The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.

The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.

An inflammatory process involving the brain (ENCEPHALITIS) and meninges (MENINGITIS), most often produced by pathogenic organisms which invade the central nervous system, and occasionally by toxins, autoimmune disorders, and other conditions.

Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

The family Passeridae comprised of small, mainly brown and grey seed-eating birds with conical bills.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.

A subgroup of the genus FLAVIVIRUS that causes encephalitis and hemorrhagic fevers and is found in eastern and western Europe and the former Soviet Union. It is transmitted by TICKS and there is an associated milk-borne transmission from viremic cattle, goats, and sheep.

A widely distributed order of perching BIRDS, including more than half of all bird species.

Arthropod-borne viruses. A non-taxonomic designation for viruses that can replicate in both vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. Included are some members of the following families: ARENAVIRIDAE; BUNYAVIRIDAE; REOVIRIDAE; TOGAVIRIDAE; and FLAVIVIRIDAE. (From Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Infections of the brain caused by arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., arboviruses) primarily from the families TOGAVIRIDAE; FLAVIVIRIDAE; BUNYAVIRIDAE; REOVIRIDAE; and RHABDOVIRIDAE. Life cycles of these viruses are characterized by ZOONOSES, with birds and lower mammals serving as intermediate hosts. The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) or TICKS. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, alterations of mentation, focal neurologic deficits, and COMA. (From Clin Microbiol Rev 1994 Jan;7(1):89-116; Walton, Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System, 10th ed, p321)

The type species of the FLAVIVIRUS genus. Principal vector transmission to humans is by AEDES spp. mosquitoes.

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

A family of proteins that promote unwinding of RNA during splicing and translation.

Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.

The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Proteins found in any species of virus.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP into a series of (2'-5') linked oligoadenylates and pyrophosphate in the presence of double-stranded RNA. These oligonucleotides activate an endoribonuclease (RNase L) which cleaves single-stranded RNA. Interferons can act as inducers of these reactions. EC 2.7.7.-.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.

Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.

Virus diseases caused by the TOGAVIRIDAE.

A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)

Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

Infectious organisms in the BLOOD, of which the predominant medical interest is their contamination of blood-soiled linens, towels, gowns, BANDAGES, other items from individuals in risk categories, NEEDLES and other sharp objects, MEDICAL WASTE and DENTAL WASTE, all of which health workers are exposed to. This concept is differentiated from the clinical conditions of BACTEREMIA; VIREMIA; and FUNGEMIA where the organism is present in the blood of a patient as the result of a natural infectious process.

West Nile fever--a reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Europe. (1/1412)

West Nile virus causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of human and equine disease in Europe (western Mediterranean and southern Russia in 1962-64, Belarus and Ukraine in the 1970s and 1980s, Romania in 1996-97, Czechland in 1997, and Italy in 1998). Environmental factors, including human activities, that enhance population densities of vector mosquitoes (heavy rains followed by floods, irrigation, higher than usual temperature, or formation of ecologic niches that enable mass breeding of mosquitoes) could increase the incidence of West Nile fever. (+info)

Entomologic and avian investigations of an epidemic of West Nile fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecular characterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes. (2/1412)

Between July and October 1996, a West Nile (WN) fever epidemic occurred in the southern plain and Danube Valley of Romania and in the capital city of Bucharest, resulting in hundreds of neurologic cases and 17 fatalities. In early October 1996, entomologic and avian investigations of the epidemic were conducted in the city of Bucharest and nearby rural areas. Thirty (41%) of 73 domestic fowl sampled had neutralizing antibody to WN virus, including 5 of 13 ducks (38%), 1 of 1 goose, 19 of 52 chickens (37%), 1 of 1 peahen, and 4 of 6 turkeys (67%). Seroprevalence in domestic fowl (27%, or 7 of 26) from the urban Bucharest site was not significantly different (P = 0.08, by Fisher's exact test) than rates at three rural sites (50%, or 23 of 46). Serum collected from one of 12 Passeriformes, an Erithacus rubecula, was positive for neutralizing antibody to WN virus. A total of 5,577 mosquitoes representing seven taxa were collected. Culex pipiens pipiens accounted for 96% of the mosquitoes collected. A single virus isolate, RO97-50, was obtained from a pool of 30 Cx. p. pipiens females aspirated from the walls and ceiling of a blockhouse located near the center of Bucharest, resulting in a minimum infection rate of 0.19 per 1,000. Antisera prepared against RO97-50 failed to distinguish among RO97-50, WN virus strain Eg101, and Kunjin (KUN) virus strain MRM16. A 2,323-basepair DNA fragment of the envelope (E) glycoprotein gene from RO97-50 and a Romanian WN virus strain obtained from a human cerebrospinal fluid sample, RO96-1030, were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of 23 WN virus strains and one KUN virus strain using the amino acid and nucleotide sequences for a small portion of the E gene suggest the existence of two large lineages of viruses. Bootstrap analysis of the nucleotide alignment indicated strong support (95%) for a lineage composed of WN virus strains from northern Africa, including isolates from Egypt and Algeria, and west, central, and east Africa, all of the European isolates, those from France and Romania, an Israeli isolate, and an isolate of KUN virus from Australia. The nucleotide sequence of RO97-50 was identical to the sequence of a WN virus isolate obtained from Cx. neavei mosquitoes from Senegal and Cx. univittatus mosquitoes from Kenya. The phylogenetic analyses were compatible with the introduction of virus into Romania by birds migrating from sub-Saharan Africa, to northern Africa, and into southern Europe. (+info)

Update: West Nile-like viral encephalitis--New York, 1999. (3/1412)

The outbreak of human arboviral encephalitis attributable to a mosquito-transmitted West Nile-like virus (WNLV) continues to wane in the Northeast. As of October 5, the number of laboratory-positive cases had increased to 50 (27 confirmed and 23 probable), including five deaths. The increase in cases is mainly a result of completed retesting with West Nile virus antigen of specimens previously tested with the related St. Louis encephalitis virus antigen and to intensive retrospective case finding in the ongoing epidemiologic investigations. (+info)

Outbreak of West Nile-like viral encephalitis--New York, 1999. (4/1412)

An outbreak of arboviral encephalitis was first recognized in New York City in late August and has since been identified in neighboring counties in New York state. Although initially attributed to St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus based on positive serologic findings in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples using a virus-specific IgM-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the cause of the outbreak has been confirmed as a West Nile-like virus based on the identification of virus in human, avian, and mosquito samples. (+info)

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of different members of the family Flaviviridae exhibit similar properties in vitro. (5/1412)

The virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is required for replication of the positive-strand RNA genome, is a key enzyme of members of the virus family Flaviviridae. By using heterologously expressed proteins, we demonstrate that the 77 kDa NS5B protein of two pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and classical swine fever virus, and the 100 kDa NS5 protein of the West Nile flavivirus possess RdRp activity in vitro. As originally shown for the RdRp of hepatitis C virus, RNA synthesis catalysed by the pestivirus and flavivirus enzymes is strictly primer-dependent in vitro. Accordingly, initiation of RNA polymerization on homopolymeric RNAs and heteropolymeric templates, the latter with a blocked 3'-hydroxyl group, was found to be dependent on the presence of complementary oligonucleotide primer molecules. On unblocked heteropolymeric templates, including authentic viral RNAs, the RdRps were shown to initiate RNA synthesis via intramolecular priming at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the template and 'copy-back' transcription, thus yielding RNase-resistant hairpin molecules. Taken together, the RdRps of different members of the Flaviviridae were demonstrated to exhibit a common reactivity profile in vitro, typical of nucleic acid-polymerizing enzymes. (+info)

Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitoes, crows, and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut. (6/1412)

West Nile (WN) virus, a mosquito-transmitted virus native to Africa, Asia, and Europe, was isolated from two species of mosquitoes, Culex pipiens and Aedes vexans, and from brain tissues of 28 American crows, Corvus brachyrhynchos, and one Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii, in Connecticut. A portion of the genome of virus isolates from four different hosts was sequenced and analyzed by comparative phylogenetic analysis. Our isolates from Connecticut were similar to one another and most closely related to two WN isolates from Romania (2.8 and 3.6 percent difference). If established in North America, WN virus will likely have severe effects on human health and on the health of populations of birds. (+info)

Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. (7/1412)

In late summer 1999, an outbreak of human encephalitis occurred in the northeastern United States that was concurrent with extensive mortality in crows (Corvus species) as well as the deaths of several exotic birds at a zoological park in the same area. Complete genome sequencing of a flavivirus isolated from the brain of a dead Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis), together with partial sequence analysis of envelope glycoprotein (E-glycoprotein) genes amplified from several other species including mosquitoes and two fatal human cases, revealed that West Nile (WN) virus circulated in natural transmission cycles and was responsible for the human disease. Antigenic mapping with E-glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and E-glycoprotein phylogenetic analysis confirmed these viruses as WN. This North American WN virus was most closely related to a WN virus isolated from a dead goose in Israel in 1998. (+info)

Continued transmission of West Nile virus to humans in southeastern Romania, 1997-1998. (8/1412)

After an epidemic of West Nile (WN) virus neurologic infections in southeastern Romania in 1996, human and animal surveillance were established to monitor continued transmission of the virus. During 1997 and 1998, neurologic infections were diagnosed serologically as WN encephalitis in 12 of 322 patients in 19 southeastern districts and in 1 of 75 Bucharest patients. In addition, amid a countrywide epidemic of measles, the etiology of the febrile exanthem in 2 of 180 investigated cases was determined serologically to be WN fever; 1 case was complicated by hepatitis. Sentinel chickens placed in Bucharest seroconverted to WN virus during the summer months, indicating their potential value in monitoring transmission. The continued occurrence of sporadic WN infections in southeastern Romania in consecutive years after the 1996 epidemic is consistent with local enzootic transmission of the virus. (+info)

... (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever. It is a member of the family Flaviviridae, ... Viruses portal West Nile fever West Nile virus in the United States Mackenzie, John S; Gubler, Duane J; Petersen, Lyle R (2004 ... Lists general information and resources for West Nile Virus Scholia has a topic profile for West Nile virus. (Webarchive ... only lineage 2 West Nile virus had been detected in horses and humans in South Africa. Kunjin virus is a subtype of West Nile ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_virus

2019 Mosquito-Borne West Nile Virus Soared in 2018, According to CDC Data, Time, Jamie Ducharme, August 9, 2019 West Nile Virus ... 3 October 2017 West Nile Virus Biovigilance Network, AABB, accessed June 5, 2020 West Nile Virus: Blood Transfusion and Organ ... The West Nile virus has caused outbreaks of West Nile fever in countries on a number of different continents since its ... reports 339 cases of West Nile, one death". CTVNews. August 24, 2007. News , West Nile virus found in BC mosquitoes Chowers MY ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_West_Nile_virus_outbreaks

"West Nile Virus Activity - United States, 2009" (MMWR 59(25), July 2, 2010) "Why West Nile Virus is More Dangerous for Older ... "West Nile Virus". CDC. Retrieved 21 May 2013. Wilson, James M.; McNamara, Tracey (2020-06-06). "The 1999 West Nile virus ... Two new cases of West Nile Virus reported in Indiana Wikinews has related news: Mosquitoes test positive for West Nile virus in ... CDC West Nile Virus Statistics, Surveillance, and Control West Nile Cases Drop as Immunities Emerge, Experts Say CDC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_virus_in_the_United_States

West Nile Virus. Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service. "West Nile virus". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 26 ... CDC-West Nile Virus-NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic West Nile Virus Resource Guide-National Pesticide Information ... "West Nile Virus". MedlinePlus. 18 March 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021. "Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment , West Nile Virus , ... West Nile fever is an infection by the West Nile virus, which is typically spread by mosquitoes. In about 80% of infections ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_fever

If caused by the West Nile virus, it may be lethal to humans, as well as birds and horses. Epilepsy is an unpredictable, ... "West Nile Virus". Medicinenet.com. Retrieved 2013-10-30. "How Serious Are Seizures?". Epilepsy.com. Retrieved 2013-10-30. " ... Generally, an infection is a disease that is caused by the invasion of a microorganism or virus. Degenerative spinal disorders ... A number of different pathogens (i.e., certain viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and prions) can cause infections that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system_disease

West Nile Virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 12 January 2007. Carroll SP, Loye J, 2006, Journal of the American ... Bug Experts Rate Products to Keep West Nile Virus at Bay". WebMD. "CDC Adopts New Repellent Guidance" (Press release). Centers ... and West Nile fever. Pest animals commonly serving as vectors for disease include insects such as flea, fly, and mosquito; and ... Tuetun B, Choochote W, Pongpaibul Y, Junkum A, Kanjanapothi D, Chaithong U, et al. (February 2009). "Field evaluation of G10, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_repellent

West Nile Virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007-01-12. Petherick A (2008-03-13). "How DEET jams insects' ... National Pesticide Information Center West Nile Virus Resource Guide - National Pesticide Information Center Health Advisory: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEET

... such as West Nile Virus and Lyme disease, along with risk group 4 agents such as Ebola, Marburg and Lassa fever viruses. HIV ... Examples include tuberculosis; West Nile virus; and pandemic H1N1 influenza.[citation needed] A small percentage of laboratory ... NML was able to quickly identify the new virus and recognize that it matched the virus that was beginning to circulate in the U ... For a period of about 18 months, teams from NML travelled to West Africa to aid in the diagnostics during the outbreak. They ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Microbiology_Laboratory

It can spread the West Nile virus, and can puncture clothing such as through a coat, vest, and two shirts since the species is ... ISBN 0-520-02638-1. "West Nile virus". AMCA. Retrieved June 1, 2010. Groesbeeck Mitchell, Evelyn; William Dupree, James (1907 ... The mosquito can be found in the Southeastern United States, Mexico, the West Indies, and Central America, breeding in rain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psorophora_howardii

West Nile virus is a significant concern in the United States but there are no reliable statistics on worldwide cases. Dengue ... "West Nile virus". www.cdc.gov. 2020-06-03. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2020-09-22. "Symptoms and ... Culex and Culiseta are vectors of tularemia, as well as arbovirus infections such as West Nile virus. Zika, recently notorious ... Equine encephalitis viruses, such as Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, and Venezuelan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito

... is also known to be associated with infections, such as West Nile virus, rubella, H. influenza, rabies, and ... The Journal of Radiology, June 2003 Debiasi, Roberta L; Tyler, Kenneth L (2006). "West Nile virus meningoencephalitis". Nature ... Mandat T, Koziara H, Tutaj M, Rola R, Bonicki W, Nauman P (2010). "Thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor among multiple ... Richard W (2005). "Multiple Sclerosis: The History of a Disease". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 98 (6): 289. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intention_tremor

... www.colorado.gov/pacific/cdphe/west-nile-virus-and-your-health. West Nile Virus Data. (2019, August 1). Retrieved October 13, ... www.colorado.gov/pacific/cdphe/west-nile-virus-data. Bolling, Bethany G.; Barker, Christopher M.; Moore, Chester G.; Pape, W. ... West Nile Virus , CDC. (2019, October 9). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/cumMapsData.html#seven. West ... "West Nile virus data". Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment. 2019. "Living with Mosquitoes". City of Boulder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_Colorado

... and West Nile virus. There have been several cases of West Nile in the 21st century. All victims recovered. The area was once ... "West Nile virus confirmed". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1B. "Brevard County Florida". www.floridanetlink.com. " ... There are five sheriff precincts: Cape Canaveral, East (Merritt Island), North (Titusville), West (Viera), and South (Melbourne ... Cape Canaveral, Cocoa, Indian Harbour Beach, Melbourne, Palm Bay, Rockledge, Satellite Beach, Titusville, and West Melbourne, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Brevard_County,_Florida

... vaccine MERS vaccine Nipah virus vaccine Norovirus vaccine Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine SARS vaccine West Nile virus ... Hall, R. A.; Khromykh, A. A. (2004). "West Nile virus vaccines". Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 4 (8): 1295-1305. doi: ... Coxsackie B virus vaccine Cytomegalovirus vaccine Chikungunya vaccine Eastern Equine encephalitis virus vaccine for humans ... Lindell, D. M.; Morris, S. B.; White, M. P.; Kallal, L. E.; Lundy, P. K.; Hamouda, T.; Baker, J. R.; Lukacs, N. W. (2011). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vaccine_topics

ISBN 0-9631172-1-1. (via NCBI Bookshelf). Hall, R. A.; Khromykh, A. A. (2004). "West Nile virus vaccines". Expert Opinion on ... Lindell, D. M.; Morris, S. B.; White, M. P.; Kallal, L. E.; Lundy, P. K.; Hamouda, T.; Baker, J. R.; Lukacs, N. W. (2011). ... "H5N1 Influenza Virus Vaccine, manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur, Inc. Questions and Answers". FDA. 12 April 2019. Nakkazi, E. ( ... Titball, R. W.; Williamson, E. D. (2004). "Yersinia pestis (plague) vaccines". Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 4 (6): 965 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_infectious_diseases

ISBN 0-07-140235-7. Shaikh S, Trese MT (2004). "West Nile virus chorioretinitis". Br J Ophthalmol. 88 (12): 1599-60. doi: ... or West Nile virus. Chorioretinitis may also occur in presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS); despite its name, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorioretinitis

WENRECO West Nile virus Daily Monitor (25 November 2020). "West Nile turning into desert - CSOs". Daily Monitor. Kampala, ... West Nile sub-region, previously known as West Nile Province and West Nile District, is a sub-region in north-western Uganda, ... "West Nile Gets Power Relief". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 13 May 2019. Profile of West Nile Sub-region Map of West Nile ... West Nile sub-region consists of the following districts, as of July 1st 2021: Adjumani District Arua City Arua District Koboko ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Nile_sub-region

Suen, Willy W.; et al. (2015). "Experimental West Nile Virus Infection in Rabbits: An Alternative Model for Studying Induction ... West Nile virus is another threat to domestic as well as wild rabbits. It is a fatal disease, and while vaccines are available ... "West Nile virus infection (Lapis)". Vetstream. ISSN 2398-2969. Retrieved 21 February 2018. ... Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. pp. 178-179. ISBN 978-0-7216-4023-5. House Rabbit Society: Sluggish Motility in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_rabbit

A bald eagle suffering from West Nile virus that was rehabilitated in 2002 has since been instrumental into research into the ... "Bald eagle beats West Nile Virus". MLive.com. Michigan Live LLC. Retrieved September 27, 2009. Associated Press (April 2, 2009 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raptor_Education_Group

Unlu, Isik; Kramer, Wayne L.; Roy, Alma F.; Foil, Lane D. (2010). "Detection of West Nile Virus RNA in Mosquitoes and ... Nevarez, Javier G.; Mitchell, Mark A.; Kim, Dae Young; Poston, Rob; Lampinen, Heather M. (2005). "West Nile Virus in Alligator ... West Nile virus (WNV) infected and caused deaths resulting in economic loss in American alligators in Georgia, Florida, ... "Antibodies to West Nile Virus in Asymptomatic Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico". American ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodile_farm

"West Nile Virus Transmission Cycle" (PDF). CDC. Retrieved 19 October 2017. Aguirre, A. Alonso; Ostfeld, Richard; Daszak, Peter ... For example, humans and horses are dead-end hosts for West Nile virus, whose life cycle is normally between culicine mosquitoes ... "The Influenza (Flu) Viruses: Transmission of Influenza Viruses from Animals to People". Centers for Disease Control and ... For instance, the production of antigenic shifts in Influenza A virus can result from pigs being infected with the virus from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology)

New viruses such as SARS and West Nile continued to spread. In poor nations, malaria and other diseases affected the majority ... Sejvar, James J. (2003). "West Nile Virus: An Historical Overview". The Ochsner Journal. 5 (3): 6-10. ISSN 1524-5012. PMC ... Toll, Ian W. (2015-09-21). The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942-1944: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942-1944. W ... Millions were infected with HIV, the virus which causes AIDS. The virus was becoming an epidemic in southern Africa. Perhaps ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_events_of_the_20th_century

In Canada and the US starting in the early 2000s, malathion was sprayed in many cities to combat west Nile virus. Malathion was ... Shapiro, H.; Micucci, S. (2003-05-27). "Pesticide use for West Nile virus". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 168 (11): ... W.; Berkman, C. E.; Kim, K.; Thompson, C. M. (February 1997). "Inhibition of various cholinesterases with the enantiomers of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malathion

Paramasivan, R.; A.C. Mishra; D.T. Mourya (2003). "West Nile virus: the Indian scenario" (PDF). Indian J Med Res. 118: 101-108 ... Antibodies to Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus has been detected in pond herons and cattle egrets from southern India ... London: W.H.Allen and Co. p. 108. Dewar, Douglas (1896). Bombay Ducks. London: John Lane Company. pp. 111, 235-239. Susainathan ... This bird was first described by Colonel W. H. Sykes in 1832 and given its scientific name in honour of John Edward Gray. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_pond_heron

One example is the West Nile virus. It is believed that this disease reached the United States via "mosquitoes that crossed the ... The virus was found on crew members of ships and trains, and all the infected employees spread the virus everywhere they ... Since vaccines are made partly from the virus itself, when an unknown virus is introduced into the environment, it takes time ... The virus begins to attack skin cells, and eventually leads to an eruption of pimples that cover the whole body. As the disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization_and_disease

"Precautionary West Nile virus blood sample testing". Héma-Québec, Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-09-13. Retrieved ... These additional tests include other infectious diseases such as West Nile fever and babesiosis. Sometimes multiple tests are ... The virus is not a hazard to a healthy recipient, but it can harm to infants and other recipients with weak immune systems. ... Wales PW, Lau W, Kim PC (May 2001). "Directed blood donation in pediatric general surgery: Is it worth it?". J. Pediatr. Surg. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_donation

Chinikar, S., et al., Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Iran. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2013. 13(8): p. 586-589. ... Chinikar, S., et al., Detection of West Nile virus genome and specific antibodies in Iranian encephalitis patients. ... West Nile fever, Rift Valley fever, etc. To monitor other emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, studies have been done ... Sureau, P., et al., Isolation of Thogoto, Wad Medani, Wanowrie and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever viruses from ticks of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Centre_for_Emerging_and_Reemerging_Infectious_Diseases

He received a Ph.D. in epidemiology in 2004 from Yale University for work on the emergence of Lyme disease and West Nile virus ... Brownstein, John S.; Holford, Theodore R.; Fish, Durland (2004). "Enhancing West Nile Virus Surveillance, United States". ... During the H1N1 pandemic, his research made important contributions to our understanding of the emergence of the virus in ... Jain, Sachin H; Powers, Brian W; Hawkins, Jared B; Brownstein, John S (2015). "The digital phenotype". Nature Biotechnology. 33 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brownstein

Murray, KO; Resnick, M; Miller, V (2007). "Depression after infection with West Nile virus". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 13 ( ... "BK Virus, JC Virus and Simian Virus 40 Infection in Humans, and Association with Human Tumors". Polyomaviruses and Human ... Vasilakopoulou, A; Le Roux, C W (2007). "Could a virus contribute to weight gain?". International Journal of Obesity. 31 (9): ... Yeung, W.-C. G.; Rawlinson, W. D.; Craig, M. E. (2011). "Enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infections_associated_with_diseases

... stated that though the West Nile virus has been in British Columbia for five years, 2014 saw the first two cases of West Nile ... On the issue of the northward migration of the West Nile virus, according to the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association - BC ... CLAXTON, MATTHEW (25 August 2014). "West Nile virus hits B.C. horses". The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 20 March 2016. "CVMA , ... virus in two horses in Cache Creek and Ashcroft, and warned horse owners to get their animals vaccinated. The January 2014 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Veterinary_Medical_Association

She extensively studied the spread of the West Nile virus. Ehrenfeld investigated how the Berberis thunbergii (Japanese ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Ehrenfeld

... parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, dengue virus, and West Nile virus. Subbarao K, McAuliffe J... Murphy B (2004). Prior ... 11563-11567 Subbarao EK, London W, Murphy BR (1993). A single amino acid in the PB2 gene of influenza A virus is a determinant ... "The Influenza Viruses and their Vaccines - Seminar Notice". NIH Clinical Center. Retrieved 18 July 2019. Alexander C. Schmidt, ... et al, Respiratory syncytial virus and other pneumoviruses: a review of the international symposium-RSV 2003, Virus Research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_R._Murphy

... and West Nile viruses. Malaria Globally, malaria causes 228 million infections and 405,000 deaths annually. Despite decades of ... In contrast to the unpredictable epidemics of filoviruses, the Lassa virus is endemic in West Africa with an annual incidence ... Zika Virus Zika virus infection has been linked to an increase in microcephaly in infants and Guillain-Barre syndrome (a ... GeoVax technology approach uses recombinant DNA or recombinant viruses to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) in the person ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoVax

20 March 2014). "Activation of 2' 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase by stem loops at the 5'-end of the West Nile virus genome". PLOS ... Portals: Medicine Viruses (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Use dmy dates from November ... Following the work of Ernest Goodpasture, Theiler used chicken eggs to culture the virus. After field trials in Brazil, over ... Norrby E (November 2007). "Yellow fever and Max Theiler: the only Nobel Prize for a virus vaccine". The Journal of Experimental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever_vaccine

Developing vaccine strategies for Ebola, HIV, Lassa virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis viruses, and herpes. ... Studying ways of preventing or treating diseases caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), herpes simplex virus, and dengue ... Developing an animal model to test vaccines to protect people against the Zika virus. On April 14, 2018, four baboons escaped ... Helped advance a new treatment which moved from animal to human trials for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Biomedical_Research_Institute

Between 1998 and 2000, co-circulating Marburg virus and Ravn virus caused 154 cases of Marburg virus disease and 128 deaths ... the company developed a route from the Uele River to the Nile to transport cotton, coffee and other products of the region. In ... Ituri and Stanleyville districts to the south and Bas-Uele to the west. The Haut-Uele District became part of the Orientale ... 2006). "Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Associated with Multiple Genetic Lineages of Virus" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haut-Uele_District

July 29 West Nile virus in the United States: Colorado reports their first West Nile virus of this year in a person from Delta ... "Colorado's first human case of West Nile virus identified for 2022". July 29, 2022. "New York Governor Hochul declares state ... "West Virginia lawmakers OK abortion ban with few exceptions". POLITICO. Associated Press. Retrieved September 13, 2022. "West ... West Virginia passes a near-total abortion ban in both houses of its legislature. Governor Jim Justice signs the bill into law ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_in_the_United_States

... until he died of West Nile virus in 2020, prior to the filming. He was honored by the series in one of the episodes of season 8 ... as his character also died of the same virus; Huey Lewis also appeared as himself. Brian Dennehy, who played Elizabeth's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blacklist

The viruses which transmit Eastern equine encephalitis, California encephalitis and West Nile virus have been detected in ... 1986). "Aedes canadensis: A vector of Lacrosse virus (Caligornia Serogroup) in Ohio" (PDF). Journal of the American Mosquito ... It has also shown to be a secondary vector for the La Crosse virus in Ohio. D.M. Wood; P.T. Dang; R.A. Ellis (1979). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedes_canadensis

... although pesticide spraying only occurs when a virus such as West Nile is detected in the local mosquito population. Mosquito ... To the west is Somerville Basin which runs between the peninsula and Dubos Point in Arverne to the west. To the east is the ... "New York City treating wetlands, marshes to prevent Zika, West Nile mosquitoes". WABC-TV. May 13, 2016. Retrieved August 27, ... At the south end of Norton Basin are two smaller water bodies, Conch Basin (formerly Little Bay) to the west at the base of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgemere_Landfill

West Nile virus, malaria, yellow fever, Japanese B encephalitis, filariasis, Lyme disease, leishmaniasis, typhus fever, plague ... RID insect repellents are used to repel insects which may carry a number of diseases, including Ross River virus, dengue fever ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RID_(insect_repellent)

... are distributed throughout the county from the Sylmar ponds as part of an effort to battle the spread of the West Nile virus. ... The fire moved west from Sylmar and threatened the luxury planned community of Knollwood in Granada Hills. On November 15, 2008 ... On November 18, 2008, President George W. Bush declared the area struck by November 2008 California wildfires a federal ... living in the far north end of the San Fernando Valley from Sylmar in the east to Granada Hills in the west. Evacuation centers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayre_Fire

... "mosquitoes carry West Nile virus". These sentences are difficult to analyze from the perspective of formal semantics, but are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah-Jane_Leslie

These materials included anthrax, West Nile virus and botulism, as well as Brucella melitensis, and Clostridium perfringens. ... cit., pp 7-8. Martin, James W., George W. Christopher and Edward M. Eitzen (2007), "History of Biological Weapons: From ... The program no longer existed when the George W. Bush administration cited it as justification for its 2003 invasion of Iraq ... In another experiment, 15 Kurdish prisoners were tied up in a field while shells containing camel pox, a mild virus, were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_biological_weapons_program

Populations are being adversely affected by the West Nile virus, particularly in California's Central Valley. Woodhouse's, ... It ranges from southern British Columbia throughout California and western Nevada near Reno to west of the Sierra Nevada. The ... some isolated mountain ranges in W Mojave Desert, and Whale Peak (San Diego County). Southwards through N Baja California, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_scrub_jay

... complications from West Nile virus. Dudley Storey, 77, New Zealand rower, Olympic champion (1968) and silver medalist (1972). ... John W. Darrah, 78, American jurist, member of the District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (since 2000). Serge ... Roland W. Schmitt, 93, American technology executive (General Electric) and academic administrator (Rensselaer Polytechnic ... Luigi Barbarito, Arcivescovo e Nunzio Apostolico (in Italian) Gorbachev's aide dies at 95 Horst Ehmke, aide to West German ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_in_March_2017

With 100 W/m2 as a demonstrated passive cooling effect, a surface coverage of 0.3% would then be needed, or 1% of Earth's land ... There is some work relating to anti-herpes virus treatment. Research projects include work on central nervous system healing ... Matsumoto, Taro; Kawamura, Gunzo (2005). "The eyes of the common carp and Nile tilapia are sensitive to near-infrared". ... Herschel, John F. W. (1840). "On chemical action of rays of solar spectrum on preparation of silver and other substances both ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared

... may refer to: Western New England University West Nile virus encephalitis Wilnecote railway station, station code WNE ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNE

... in a SARS research lab in the National University of Singapore had contracted the disease while working on the West Nile virus ... The virus was officially named the SARS virus. On 17 April, the first confirmed case of SARS from India was reported. On 19 ... Through excretion, the virus spread through drainage. One theory speculated that the virus was spread by airborne transmission ... The virus was also detected in Beijing and Shanghai. The WHO also advised travellers to avoid Hong Kong and Guangdong during a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002–2004_SARS_outbreak

31 West Coast Avengers #79 Avengers West Coast #98-100 The Tomb of Dracula #70 The Tomb of Dracula Magazine #1 The Tomb of ... which was created accidentally from Ego the Living Planet by Tana Nile. Sif and Hildegarde joined forces with Tana Nile, and ... She attempts to cure Jamie Madrox (not the original, although no one knows that) from the Legacy Virus, but she fails and he ... 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z This article lists Marvel characters beginning with the letter "H", ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Marvel_Comics_characters:_H

For example, since West Nile Virus has been shown to cause significant brain damage leading to memory loss, Klein's lab ... Neuronal CXCL10 directs CD8+ T-cell recruitment and control of West Nile virus encephalitis. Klein RS, Lin E, Zhang B, Luster ... IL-1R1 is required for dendritic cell-mediated T cell reactivation within the CNS during West Nile virus encephalitis. Durrant ... CCR5 limits cortical viral loads during West Nile virus infection of the central nervous system. Durrant DM, Daniels BP, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robyn_S._Klein

Yu, J.; Liu, J.; Wang, J.; Sun, W.; Patrick, W. H.; Meixner, F. X. (2007). "Nitrous Oxide Emission from Deyeuxia angustifolia ... The grasses of fertile floodplains such as the Nile can be highly productive, especially plants such as Arundo donax (giant ... viruses, protozoans and helminths) are expected to be removed to some extent in a constructed wetland. Subsurface wetlands ... Johnson, W. C.; Millett, B. V.; Gilmanov, T.; Voldseth, R. A.; Guntenspergen, G. R. & Naugle, D. E. (2005). "Vulnerability of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland

West Nile virus, dengue fever and yellow fever. While mosquitoes, more specifically the Aedes aegypti species, serve as the ... Infection by RNA viruses can trigger the RNAi cascade. It is likely dicer is involved in viral immunity as viruses that infect ... Similarly to humans, insect viruses have evolved mechanisms to avoid the RNAi pathway. As an example, Drosophila C virus ... In humans, the viruses HIV-1, influenza, and vaccinia encode such RNAi suppressing proteins. Inhibition of dicer is beneficial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicer

Paul Champoux was one of two people the Klickitat County Health Department reported as being stricken with the West Nile virus ... "Famed Washington grape grower stricken with West Nile virus" Wine Press Northwest, August 13th, 2009 Kori Voorhees "True Grit" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champoux_Vineyard

The West Nile virus first appeared in the United States in 1999, in the New York City area. Bubonic plague is a zoonotic ... Examples include rabies, anthrax, tularemia and West Nile virus. Thus, much of human exposure to infectious disease has been ... Similarly, in recent times avian influenza and West Nile virus have spilled over into human populations probably due to ... Dangerous non-human viruses are those that require few mutations to begin replicating themselves in human cells. These viruses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonosis

Mosquitoes are primary vectors in transmitting West Nile virus in California. The first reported sign of West Nile virus didn't ... This unprecedented effort (including the "Wipe Out West Nile Virus" campaign), protected and saved lives. West Nile virus ... "West Nile Virus Statistics". GLACVCD. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013. "West Nile I ... In 2012, West Nile virus received national attention in the summer of 2012 when health officials in Dallas, Texas declared a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_County_Vector_Control_District

Dausey, David (2012-08-30). "The weather and West Nile: Let's stop arguing over climate change and fight the virus". post- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Dausey

... contracted West Nile virus late in 2002 and missed most of the 2003 season. In July 2003 at opening day at Laurel ... At his retirement, Alberts said, "He looks fine but the West Nile virus just damaged all the nerves around his back and hind ... Late that year, he contracted the West Nile virus while preparing for the grade two Pennsylvania Derby in Philadelphia, ... is best remembered for his runner-up finish in the 2002 Preakness Stakes and his serious public battle to overcome West Nile ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_Weisner

For example, a louse fly of the species Icosta americana was found with West Nile Virus infection from an American Kestrel. In ... Dick, C. W. (20 December 2006). "Checklist of World Hippoboscidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea)" (PDF). Chicago: Department of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippoboscidae

Powlson, D.S.; Gregory, P.J.; Whalley, W.R.; Quinton, J.N.; Hopkins, D.W.; Whitmore, A.P.; Hirsch, P.R.; Goulding, K.W.T. (2011 ... "Banana streak virus is very diverse in Uganda". Virus Research. 100 (1): 51-56. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2003.12.024. PMID ... such as the flooding of the Nile, the long-term use of biochar, and use of crop and livestock landraces that are adapted to ... Smith, W. K.; Nelson, E.; Johnson, J. A.; Polasky, S.; Milder, J. C.; Gerber, J. S.; West, P. C.; Siebert, S.; Brauman, K. A.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture

Information on West Nile virus. Provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ... Surveillance for West Nile Virus Disease - United States, 2009-2018. *West Nile Virus and Other Domestic Nationally Notifiable ... West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the continental United States. It is most commonly ... West Nile Virus. ... West Nile Virus & Dead Birds. *Mosquito Controlplus icon*Aerial ...

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/city_states.htm

Illinois has tested positive for West Nile virus. This mosquito pool is the first confirmed indicator of West Nile virus ... and obtain more information on the signs and symptoms of West Nile virus. The West Nile hotline number is (847) 377-8300. ... Most people infected with West Nile virus have no symptoms of illness. However, some may become ill usually 3 to 15 days after ... Mosquitoes Test Positive for West Nile Virus in Lake County. Lake County, Illinois sent this bulletin at 06/28/2022 01:00 PM ...

https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/ILLAKE/bulletins/31df376

Virus Sections. Virus Name/Prototype. Original Source. Method of Isolation. Virus Properties. Antigenic Relationship. Biologic ... Known (Virus detected). Egypt, Uganda, Congo (Leo), Central African Republic, Mozambique (34), Nigeria, India, Malaysia (Borneo ... Click on the PDF icon to the left to view a copy of this virus entry in PDF format. You can get a copy of the PDF viewer by ... Virus Name: West Nile Abbreviation: WNV Status. Arbovirus Select Agent. No SALS Level. 3 ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Arbocat/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=519&SID=12

... is a virus spread by mosquitoes. Most people have little to no symptoms. But some have severe symptoms. Learn about prevention. ... West Nile Virus (American Academy of Family Physicians) Also in Spanish * West Nile Virus (National Institute of Allergy and ... West Nile Virus in Culex Mosquitoes in Central Macedonia, Greece, 2022. * Article: Detection of West Nile Virus Lineage 2 in ... West Nile Virus: Symptoms and Treatment (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish ...

https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html

... or neuroinvasive West Nile virus (WNV) infection, is distinguished from other arthropod-borne causes of viral encephalitis (eg ... encoded search term (West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection and Encephalitis (WNE)) and West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection and ... fact sheet on West Nile virus, links to state and local government web sites on West Nile virus, and the Environmental ... is the primary vector responsible for infecting humans with West Nile virus. Prevention of West Nile virus is primarily ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/234009-overview

... west nile virus - Sharing our stories on preparing for and responding to public health events ... The mosquito that bit me was carrying West Nile virus (WNV). Within a few days Read More , ... Normally, thats not something worth mentioning, but in this instance the mosquito that bit me was carrying a virus, and that ... west nile virus ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/tag/west-nile-virus/

... ... 2007)‎. Point-of -care diagnosis for dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus infection.. WHO Regional ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/170360

... ... 2007)‎. Point-of -care diagnosis for dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus infection.. WHO Regional ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/170360?locale-attribute=en&

What is the treatment for West Nile virus disease?. *There are no medications to treat or vaccines to prevent West Nile virus ... How is West Nile virus disease diagnosed?. *Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical signs and symptoms and specialized ... What are the symptoms of West Nile virus infection?. No symptoms in most people. Most people (8 out of 10) who become infected ... Most people with this type of West Nile virus disease recover completely, but fatigue and weakness can last for weeks or months ...

https://www.michigan.gov/emergingdiseases/home/west-nile

https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fwestnile%2Ffaq%2FgenQuestions.html

What is West Nile Virus? West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-carried virus that can cause illness ranging from a mild fever to ... West Nile Virus (WNV). * …. This page is located more than 3 levels deep within a topic. Some page levels are currently hidden ... See all 11 See all of the resources for West Nile Virus (WNV) ... Information on West Nile Virus - CDC * Mosquito Control and ... Open DOCX file, 945.54 KB, for West Nile Virus - English (DOCX 945.54 KB) ...

https://www.mass.gov/service-details/west-nile-virus-wnv?_ga=2.214034263.1123343830.1534362137-1915523966.1490643194

West Nile virus positive mosquitoes found in Bellflower, Studio City and Tarzana By City News Service ... LA Countys first human case of West Nile virus this year reported in South Bay By City News Service ... LA County announces first human cases of West Nile Virus this year By City News Service ... LA County records first human case of West Nile virus this season By City News Service ...

https://www.presstelegram.com/tag/west-nile-virus/

Learn about West Nile virus, its causes, symptoms, risks, treatment, prevention and surveillance. Also find information for ... West Nile virus. Learn about West Nile virus, its causes, symptoms, risks, treatment, prevention and surveillance. Also find ... Learn about the symptoms of West Nile virus, what to look for and what to do if you become ill. ... Learn about the different types of surveillance for West Nile virus and the reported number of cases in humans. ...

https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/west-nile-virus.html

... has now killed six people in California and the number of people with the virus has climbed to 249, according to an ... West Nile virus (WNV) has now killed six people in California and the number of people with the virus has climbed to 249, ... The CDC later determined it was West Nile virus and linked the virus to a New York encephalitis outbreak that killed seven ... West Nile was found in a bird carcass that was submitted for testing. A year ago, Iowa had 147 diagnosed cases of West Nile ...

https://english.pravda.ru/news/science/58682-n/

... announcing Thursday that West Nile virus has been detected in mosquitoes from Worcester and Auburn. No humans have test… ...

https://www.telegram.com/story/news/local/worcester/2018/07/05/west-nile-virus-found-in-worcester-auburn-mosquitoes/11569818007/

Powerful West Nile Virus Protection. Most people by far who become infected with the West Nile virus "fight it off without even ... West Nile Virus Prevention, and Control. West Nile Virus - what the media wont tell you The potential importance of polluted ... West Nile virus is currently found in many areas of the eastern half of the United States. The virus is spread by the bite of ... West Nile Virus: Out of Africa? Or out of a Lab?. Health authorities claim the virus entered the US via travelers from the ...

https://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/ConsumerAlert/WestNileVirus

A couple of West Nile virus cases have been reported in Colorado, the first cases of this season, according to health officials ... West Nile virus is most commonly spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes with the virus have been ... Four cases of the West Nile virus reported in… Share this:. *Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) ... Four cases of the West Nile virus reported in Colorado The state cases were recorded in Larimer and Delta counties. ...

https://www.denverpost.com/2021/08/13/human-west-nile-virus-cases-colorado/

West Nile virus is an infection that is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. ... West Nile virus is seen most often during the summer and early fall months. Anyone can get infected with West Nile virus. ... West Nile virus is an infection that is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Identified in the United States in 1999, ... Clinicians requesting West Nile virus testing should complete the Arboviral Testing Request worksheet and send via encrypted e- ...

https://www.nj.gov/health/cd/topics/westnile.shtml?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

Mosquito control is scheduled to begin at sunset Sept. 10 in York Springs Borough and Latimore, Huntington, Tyrone...

https://www.eveningsun.com/story/news/local/2015/09/10/adams-county-spray-mosquitoes-sept-10/73562598/

This is the first sample in York County to test positive for the virus in 2019. ...

https://www.yorkdispatch.com/story/news/2019/08/12/mosquitoes-springettsbury-twp-test-positive-west-nile-virus/1986271001/

She was the first person in the state to succumb to West Nile virus this year. Earlier this month, two people died from West ... she may be incubating West Nile virus. If she is, then the next animal she bites after laying her eggs could end up with West ... the mama mosquito will be a vector for the virus, meaning she can now spread West Nile virus to the next creature she bites. ... this cycle of feasting on blood and spreading around viruses is only one part of the connection between West Nile virus and the ...

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/west-nile-virus-gets-a-boost-from-u-s-drought/

... is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) most commonly spread by infected mosquitoes that can lead to severe ... s website for West Nile virus disease symptoms.. How is West Nile virus disease diagnosed?. West Nile virus infection can only ... What are the roles of other animals in West Nile virus transmission?. Birds are the natural reservoir for West Nile virus. If a ... Where does West Nile virus disease occur in Ohio?. Northern house mosquitoes that can carry West Nile virus are found ...

https://odh.ohio.gov/know-our-programs/zoonotic-disease-program/diseases/west-nile-virus

West Nile virus has been detected in mosquitoes in Mifflin Township in Richland County, according to Richland Public Health. ...

https://www.mansfieldnewsjournal.com/story/news/local/2018/06/27/west-nile-virus-detected-mifflin-township-mosquitoes-richland-public-health-richland-county/739581002/

Those at greater risk of the milder illness, West Nile Fever, and the more serious West Nile Encephalitis include people 50 ... of people who are bitten and become ill with West Nile Fever have it intensify into a severe illness known as West Nile ... Q: How is West Nile Virus transmitted?. The main transmission of WNV involves certain types of mosquitoes, primarily Culex spp ... Q: How can I protect myself from West Nile Virus?. Wear light-colored clothing with long sleeves, long pants and socks while ...

https://www.lcfpd.org/conservation/west-nile-virus-faq/

The Louisiana Department of Health has confirmed 14 cases of West Nile virus, the first for 2016. ... 14 West Nile Virus cases confirmed in Louisiana. 3 new Zika cases also confirmed. Share ... The Louisiana Department of Health has confirmed 14 cases of West Nile virus, the first for 2016.State epidemiologist Dr. ... The Louisiana Department of Health has confirmed 14 cases of West Nile virus, the first for 2016. ...

https://www.wdsu.com/article/14-west-nile-virus-cases-confirmed-in-louisiana/3610808

LOINC Code 34461-4 West Nile virus RNA [Presence] in Cerebral spinal fluid by NAA with probe detection ... LP28423-9 West Nile virus. The West Nile Virus (WNV) is an arbovirus that was first identified in the West Nile District of ... West Nile virus RNA NAA+probe Ql (CSF). Consumer Name Alpha. West Nile virus, Spinal fluid. Basic Attributes. Class. MICRO. ... West Nile virus. Language Variants Get Info. zh-CNChinese (China). 西尼罗河病毒 RNA:. 存在情况或阈值:. 时间点:. 脑脊液:. 序数型:. 探针法.基因

https://loinc.org/34461-4/

To learn more about your new benefits, your welcome packet, and what to do if you have an urgent health care issue please visit the New to Oregon Health Plan web page. ...

https://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/DISEASESCONDITIONS/DISEASESAZ/WESTNILEVIRUS/Pages/LocalVectorControlDistricts.aspx

Two additional Connecticut residents have tested positive for West Nile Virus (WNV), local health officials confirmed Friday. ... Total Connecticut residents positive for West Nile Virus up to 4: Health officials. WTIC Hartford 9/23/2022 Leah Myers ... RELATED: Second Connecticut resident tests positive for West Nile Virus. Residents are reminded to be aware of mosquitoes ... Two additional Connecticut residents have tested positive for West Nile Virus (WNV), local health officials confirmed Friday. ...

https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/total-connecticut-residents-positive-for-west-nile-virus-up-to-4-health-officials/ar-AA12aCOG

The Department of Health also confirms three additional cases of travel related Zika virus, bringing the state total to 26. (wdsu.com)
Experience has shown that we can prevent and control the growth of mosquitoes which serve as the vector for the spread of West Nile Virus, as well as diseases such as Chikungunya, Dengue fever, Yellow Fever and Zika virus. (tarrantcounty.com)
Herein, we report the development of a plant -based vaccine candidate that provides protective immunity against a lethal WNV challenge mice , while minimizes the risk of ADE for infection by Zika ( ZIKV ) and dengue (DENV) virus . (bvsalud.org)
A healthy volunteer receives the NIAID Zika virus investigational DNA vaccine as part of an early-stage trial to test the vaccine's safety and immunogenicity. (nih.gov)
For example, NIAID's Vaccine Research Center quickly developed a candidate DNA vaccine for Zika virus with the same platform used previously for a related flavivirus, West Nile virus. (nih.gov)
But weighed against the consequences of Zika disease and West Nile virus, we believe it is a reasonable one. (healthworldnet.com)
Insect Shield Repellent Apparel is EPA-registered to repel mosquitoes, ticks, flies and fleas, including those that can carry dangerous illnesses such as Lyme disease, malaria, West Nile virus or Zika virus. (insectshield.com)
Protects against insects that can carry Lyme disease, malaria, West Nile virus, and Zika virus. (insectshield.com)
They are a vector for many diseases that are deadly to mankind including malaria, dengue fever, and the West Nile and Zika viruses. (adventureafricaholidays.com)
Au Mali, le dépistage de certains virus tels que la dengue, Zika et la fièvre de la vallée du Rift n'est pas systématique au centre national de transfusion sanguine (CNTS). (bvsalud.org)
Les examens ont été réalisés au Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) de Bamako avec le dépistage du génome des virus responsables de la Dengue, de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, et du Zika à l'aide de la technique de la RT-PCR en temps réel. (bvsalud.org)
In Mali, screening for certain viruses such as dengue, Zika, and Rift Valley fever is not systematic at the national blood transfusion center (CNTS). (bvsalud.org)
The examinations were performed at the Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) in Bamako with the screening of the genome of viruses responsible for Dengue, Rift Valley fever, and Zika using the real-time RT-PCR technique. (bvsalud.org)

[ 5 ] WNV infection manifests as two clinical syndromes: West Nile fever (WN fever) and West Nile encephalitis (WNE). (medscape.com)
[ 8 ] Other age-adjusted risk factors positively correlated with death due to WNE include chronic kidney disease, hepatitis C virus infection, and immunosuppression. (medscape.com)
Point-of -care diagnosis for dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus infection. (who.int)
What are the symptoms of West Nile virus infection? (michigan.gov)
There are no medications to treat or vaccines to prevent West Nile virus infection. (michigan.gov)
It's noteworthy that West Nile virus is typically described by scientists as a rare, mild and usually harmless infection in humans, affecting mostly the elderly. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
West Nile virus disease is a mosquito-borne infection that can cause mild flu-like illness or severe encephalitis. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
West Nile virus is an infection that is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. (nj.gov)
Death from infection with West Nile virus occurs in 10% of those diagnosed with severe illness, but is much higher for patients diagnosed with West Nile virus encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis. (ohio.gov)
West Nile virus infection can cause West Nile fever (WNF) and West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND). (onhealth.com)
Cases of West Nile infection spiked in 2018, with 25% more cases reported that year than average. (onhealth.com)
While there is no treatment for West Nile Virus, it is important to remember that infection is preventable . (bannerhealth.com)
West Nile Virus infection goes undetected in most individuals. (bannerhealth.com)
Severe West Nile Virus infection only occurs in one out of 150 of those infected. (bannerhealth.com)
People over age 50, and folks whose immune systems are already compromised are at an increased risk for symptoms of West Nile Virus infection. (bannerhealth.com)
What is the incubation period in humans (i.e., time from infection to onset of disease symptoms) for West Nile encephalitis? (bannerhealth.com)
We identified 1,400 and 278 transcripts, which were differentially expressed after WNV NY99 and WNV Eg101 infections, respectively, and 147 genes were common to infection with both the viruses. (nih.gov)
Genes that were up-regulated in infection with both the viruses were mainly associated with interferon signaling. (nih.gov)
Will these vaccines protect my horse against West Nile virus infection? (ct.gov)
[ 4 ] of diagnosing West Nile virus infection. (medscape.com)
In 1999, the first cases of West Nile virus disease were reported in New York City, with the infection subsequently spreading throughout the North American continent. (medscape.com)
Individuals with severe illness secondary to West Nile virus infection are at increased risk of pulmonary complications in the rehabilitation setting. (medscape.com)
The scientists say they recognise that the virus may be just be one contributing factor in obesity but they suggest an understanding of how fat cells respond to infection could lead to vaccines to prevent weight gain. (news-medical.net)
The study continues the line of research which linked the virus to animal obesity but is the first to suggest infection may drive weight gain in humans. (news-medical.net)
In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever ( WEST NILE FEVER ). (bvsalud.org)
These presentations have been described in children with influenza virus infection. (medscape.com)
Severe neurologic infection is more common when the virus is introduced in an area of nonendemic disease. (medscape.com)
In 1999, during the New York City outbreak of West Nile virus infection, 62 patients developed encephalitis, and 7 died (a case fatality rate of 12%, with all deaths occurring in older patients). (medscape.com)
Delayed weakness or recurrent clinical weakness after West Nile virus infection has been described. (medscape.com)

Lake County, Ill. - A mosquito "pool" (batch of mosquitoes) sampled on June 23, 2022 in Highland Park, Illinois has tested positive for West Nile virus. (govdelivery.com)
This mosquito pool is the first confirmed indicator of West Nile virus presence in Lake County in 2022. (govdelivery.com)

The disease is caused by the West Nile virus, a positive-strand RNA flavivirus. (medscape.com)
West Nile virus (WNV), a flavivirus of the Flaviviridae family, is maintained in nature in an enzootic transmission cycle between avian hosts and ornithophilic mosquito vectors, although the virus occasionally infects other vertebrates. (wjgnet.com)
West Nile is a flavivirus. (ct.gov)
The West Nile virus is one of the many members of the genus Flavivirus that are known to cause human disease. (medscape.com)
A species of FLAVIVIRUS , one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). (bvsalud.org)

All samples tested negative for other arboviruses including: dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses. (who.int)
Most commonly, the mosquitoes involved are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus , two species which can also transmit other mosquito-borne viruses, including dengue. (who.int)
To describe the emergence of dengue 3 virus in Côte d'Ivoire during a yellow fever outbreak which occurred in 2008. (bvsalud.org)
Sera from suspected cases of yellow fever as well as contacts of yellow fever confirmed cases and imported dengue fever cases were tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antiyellow fever virus and anti-dengue virus (for IgM antibodies to yellow fever and dengue viruses) and by a specific real time RT-PCR (Bio-Rad) for yellow fever virus and dengue virus viral RNA detection. (bvsalud.org)
Of the 511 sera from suspected cases of yellow fever tested, 21 (4.1%) were confirmed positive for yellow fever virus antibody, while 33 (7.6%) of the 432 sera tested were positive for dengue virus antibody. (bvsalud.org)
Thirteen viremic subjects, one for yellow fever virus and 12 for dengue 3 virus, were detected by RT-PCR. (bvsalud.org)

Most people infected with West Nile virus have no symptoms of illness. (govdelivery.com)
People older than 50 and individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for severe illness from West Nile virus. (govdelivery.com)
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-carried virus that can cause illness ranging from a mild fever to more serious disease like encephalitis or meningitis. (mass.gov)
Approximately 80% of people who are infected with West Nile virus will not show any symptoms at all, but there is no way to know in advance if you will develop an illness or not. (ohio.gov)
About one in 150 people infected with West Nile virus will develop severe illness. (ohio.gov)
During subsequent blood meals, the virus may be injected into humans and animals, where it can multiply and possibly cause illness. (onhealth.com)
West Nile killed 11 people and caused 101 cases of neuroinvasive infections - those linked to serious illness such as meningitis or encephalitis - in Colorado in 2021, the highest numbers in 18 years. (sltrib.com)
Although most West Nile infections are mild, the virus is neuroinvasive in about 1 in 150 cases, causing serious illness that can lead to swelling in the brain or spinal cord, paralysis, or death, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (sltrib.com)
Seniors and people with weakened immune systems have the highest risk of developing severe illness from West Nile virus. (hamilton.ca)
1999 to 2001 - 149 cases of West Nile virus human illness in the United States are reported to CDC and confirmed, including 18 fatalities. (cnn.com)
West Nile virus symptoms tend to include fever and flu-like illness, but in rare cases, more severe illness can occur.A pesticide called Duet will be used in the spraying. (wcvb.com)
Rowley says that much is good news as far as the spread of the West Nile virus goes.Seven people died from West Nile Virus in the New York area in 1999 and there were more than 60 cases of severe illness. (radioiowa.com)
West Nile virus is an illness that usually doesn't present any noticeable symptoms. (allisonpest.com)
West Nile virus isn't always a serious illness, but it can cause neurological symptoms in some people. (allisonpest.com)

Earlier this month, two people died from West Nile virus infections in Maricopa County, Arizona -- an area that is also experiencing severe drought conditions . (cbsnews.com)
These West Nile infections all occurred before the recent flooding. (wdsu.com)
I do not expect that we will see as many cases as we've seen in past, as we are having a late start to the time of the year when we normally begin to see people getting West Nile virus infections," Ratard said. (wdsu.com)
As of August 2019, every state but Hawaii has reported West Nile virus infections according to the Centers for Disease Control. (onhealth.com)
Changes in climate have already been identified as drivers of West Nile infections in southeastern Europe, the report noted. (sltrib.com)
Many horses will develop mild or inapparent infections, but in more susceptible horses the virus will leave the blood and enter into the brain and spinal cord where its causes inflammation and interferes with normal central nervous system function leading to severe clinical disease or death of the horse. (ct.gov)
O'Brien SF, Dines IR, Goldman M, Scalia V, Yi Q, Fan W, Fearon M. Impact of testing the blood supply for Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) on recipient infections. (blood.ca)
According to researchers in the U.S. a common virus (adenovirus-36), that causes throat and eye infections may play a part in obesity. (news-medical.net)
He says some people might find it hard to believe that a virus could be responsible for obesity and says there are multiple causes of obesity, ranging from simple overeating to genetics, to metabolism and also perhaps viruses and infections. (news-medical.net)
Ribavirin is used clinically in combination with interferon for hepatitis C, in aerosol form for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and as potential prophylaxis and/or treatment of Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever, hantavirus infections, and arenavirus hemorrhagic fevers. (medscape.com)

The Culex mosquito, common in the eastern United States, is the primary vector responsible for infecting humans with West Nile virus. (medscape.com)
Learn about the different types of surveillance for West Nile virus and the reported number of cases in humans. (canada.ca)
A year ago, Iowa had 147 diagnosed cases of West Nile virus in humans, and six fatalities. (pravda.ru)
What if some degree of the damage to birds and humans now attributed solely to the virus is actually triggered by harsh environmental factors that need to be addressed? (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
Humans can get the virus when bitten by an infected mosquito . (cbsnews.com)
Luckily for humans, most female mosquitoes aren't likely to survive the 15 to 21 days needed for the virus to incubate, according to Day, who said that Culex females typically go through the gonotrophic cycle (the cycle of taking a blood meal and then laying eggs) about three times consecutively and then die. (cbsnews.com)
Infected mosquitoes can then spread the virus to humans and other animals when they bite. (ohio.gov)
Most humans who contract the virus have been bitten by an infected mosquito, often the common house mosquito (Culex pipiens). (onhealth.com)
Humans are called "dead-end" hosts for the virus, meaning we can be infected but our immune systems prevent the virus from multiplying enough to be passed back to mosquitoes and then to other hosts. (onhealth.com)
Horses can also catch West Nile virus, but are also dead-end hosts and cannot infect humans. (onhealth.com)
Since its introduction in the Americas, the virus spread across the continent with worrisome consequences in bird mortality and a considerable number of outbreaks among humans and horses, which have resulted in the largest epidemics of neuroinvasive WNV disease ever documented. (wjgnet.com)
It has to do with birds, Paull said, since mosquitoes pick up the virus from infected birds before spreading it to humans. (sltrib.com)
The virus is transmitted to humans and animals through the bite of a mosquito that became infected while feeding on infected birds. (nbcbayarea.com)
Not all mosquito types carry West Nile virus or bite humans. (hamilton.ca)
West Nile virus is spread to humans mainly when an infected mosquito bites them. (hamilton.ca)
West Nile virus in humans is confirmed by a blood test or by testing the fluid around the brain and spinal cord. (hamilton.ca)
The county says the type of mosquitoes collected are responsible for circulating West Nile Virus in the wild bird population and are not known to bite humans. (wwaytv3.com)
West Nile Virus has been detected in mosquitoes collected from Amesbury, the Massachusetts Department of Health announced Friday.Targeted spraying in the northwest portion of Amesbury has been scheduled for Monday after sunset, dependent on weather conditions.There have been no human cases of West Nile virus or EEE in Massachusetts this year.West Nile virus is usually transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. (wcvb.com)
West Nile virus is usually transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. (wcvb.com)
The life cycle of the West Nile virus involves the microbe's transmission from nonhuman animals to humans by way of Aedes, Culex, or Anopheles mosquitoes. (medscape.com)
Just a decade or two ago, wild tropical forests were thought to threaten humans by harboring the viruses and pathogens that lead to new diseases in humans, but is this really the case? (mona-uk.org)

The CDC later determined it was West Nile virus and linked the virus to a New York encephalitis outbreak that killed seven people and infected more than 50 others. (pravda.ru)
In 2012, the CDC confirmed an outbreak of 1,118 cases of West Nile virus, the highest number of reported cases since the virus was first detected in the U.S. Of those, 56% of patients from 47 states developed neuroinvasive disease. (onhealth.com)
The recent West Nile virus outbreak is the largest ever seen in the United States, according to new numbers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cnn.com)
When examining the demographic characteristics of the reported cases, we found significant differences in sex, age, During the 2012 West Nile virus outbreak in Texas, and race/ethnicity with regard to severity of disease. (cdc.gov)
The 2012 WNV outbreak in Texas was unexpected in calculated to determine differences in demographic vari- terms of the magnitude of virus transmission and number ables between severe disease (WNV neuroinvasive disease of human cases. (cdc.gov)
In 2012, a mild winter, early spring, and hot summer set the stage for an outbreak of West Nile virus disease in the United States, resulting in more than 5,600 illnesses and 286 deaths. (cdc.gov)
A West Nile Virus (WNV) outbreak in South Africa would be difficult for public health authorities to control because (1) it is not restricted to current malaria risk areas, (2) has no vaccine for people and (3) is not surveyed mostly due to its asymptotic nature in people. (cdstoolbox.shop)

There is no specific treatment or vaccine for West Nile virus. (hamilton.ca)
Is there a West Nile Virus vaccine for horses? (ct.gov)
On August 1, 2001, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) issued a conditional U. S. Veterinary Biological Product License to Fort Dodge Animal Health for the manufacture and distribution of a killed virus, West Nile Virus vaccine. (ct.gov)
Antibody-Dependent Enhancement Activity of a Plant-Made Vaccine against West Nile Virus. (bvsalud.org)
The perspective notes that once a vaccine platform is established, such as that for DNA or mRNA vaccines, potentially it can be applied to multiple pathogens, especially within virus classes or families. (nih.gov)
Medications have been discovered that slow down the HIV virus, but neither a cure or a vaccine for HIV has been discovered that worked. (tribulation101.com)

Before its stateside appearance, West Nile virus was detected in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and parts of Europe, reports The Bulletin. (pravda.ru)
In its native range of Africa, West and Central Asia and the Middle East, there are occasional flare-ups of WNV-related illnesses. (lcfpd.org)
It is commonly found in Africa, West Asia, the Middle East, and the Caribbean. (onhealth.com)
It has been common in Africa, west Asia and the Middle East for decades and has been slowly traveling across the United States since 1999. (bannerhealth.com)
The virus has been found in Africa, western Asia, the Middle East, the Mediterranean region of Europe and recently in the United States. (ct.gov)
A subtype of WEST NILE VIRUS found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, west and central Asia, and Oceania. (bvsalud.org)

West Nile fever can be defined as WNV disease that causes fever and nonspecific symptoms (eg, headache, muscle aches, rash, neck stiffness, vomiting) without any evidence of brain/meningeal involvement. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] West Nile fever is generally less severe than WNE and produces symptoms in only about 25% of cases. (medscape.com)
West Nile fever generally has an excellent prognosis. (medscape.com)
[ 10 ] Significant risk factors associated with development of WNE (as opposed to West Nile fever), as well as increased mortality risk, includes advanced age, malignancy, or organ transplant recipient status. (medscape.com)
Most infected people do not develop symptoms, but the virus can cause fever, headache, body aches, nausea, vomiting and swollen lymph glands. (nbcbayarea.com)
Anyone with symptoms of severe West Nile virus-fever, headache, neck stiffness, and/or confusion-should seek medical care right away. (phila.gov)
Lyme disease, West Nile virus disease, and Valley fever. (cdc.gov)

University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge virus in serum diluted at least 1:40 transmitted diseases in Singapore. (cdc.gov)
Historically, vaccines against viral diseases have used live-attenuated (weakened) viruses or inactivated whole viruses to induce protective immune responses. (nih.gov)
Warming could also affect insect-borne diseases like Lyme disease or West Nile Virus, though scientists are not sure exactly how. (psu.edu)
It is the destruction of biodiversity by humanity that creates the conditions for new viruses and diseases such as COVID-19 to emerge. (mona-uk.org)
Mosquitoes and ticks can spread certain diseases, including Lyme disease and West Nile virus, so it's best to hire NJ pest control services if you have a problem with them on your property. (allisonpest.com)

If you have questions about West Nile virus or Lyme disease, call (215) 685-6740. (phila.gov)

The program also monitors reports of dead birds (an early sign of the presence of the virus) and investigates areas of stagnant water for the presence of mosquito larvae, specifically from the Culex mosquito, which is the primary carrier of West Nile in Illinois. (govdelivery.com)
Residents can also call the Health Department's West Nile hotline to report areas of stagnant water, report locations of dead birds, and obtain more information on the signs and symptoms of West Nile virus. (govdelivery.com)
I know that birds sometimes get sick and die of West Nile. (michigan.gov)
The NVSL located an unknown virus in the dead birds' tissue and sent it to the CDC. (pravda.ru)
In birds, however, the virus has been highly touted as a killer. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
Drought forces mosquitoes and wild birds to come into contact with one another, and wild birds are the major amplification host [for West Nile virus]," Jonathan Day, a professor of medical entomology at the University of Florida, told Live Science. (cbsnews.com)
Wild birds quickly become infected with West Nile virus after being bitten by a mosquito carrying the disease (the incubation for the virus is just a few days in birds). (cbsnews.com)
Most birds that are infected don't die from the virus, but there is enough of the virus circulating in their blood that, when another mosquito feeds on them, the infected bird spreads the virus to that mosquito, carrying on the vicious cycle of the disease. (cbsnews.com)
West Nile virus was first identified in Ohio birds and mosquitoes in 2001. (ohio.gov)
Birds are vectors (intermediate carriers) of the virus. (onhealth.com)
Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on infected birds, which circulate the virus in their blood. (onhealth.com)
And research shows that when their stress hormones are elevated , birds are more likely to get infectious viral loads of West Nile. (sltrib.com)
The virus was detected in a bird in Fairfield in April, and in mosquitoes, birds and chickens, Solano County Mosquito Abatement District Manager Richard Snyder said. (nbcbayarea.com)
Mosquitoes can become infected with West Nile virus when they feed on the blood of birds infected with West Nile virus. (hamilton.ca)
Because mosquitoes feed on infected birds, it is possible to detect the virus in mosquitoes through laboratory testing. (hamilton.ca)
The virus is spread by mosquitoes, which contract West Nile from infected birds. (cnn.com)
Birds are the preferred host of WNV, and the American robin is an important amplifier host since it develops enough virus in its serum to infect feeding mosquitoes. (loinc.org)
Mosquitoes become infected with the virus after feeding on infected wild birds and then transmit the virus through bites to people, animals and other birds. (ct.gov)

West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the continental United States. (cdc.gov)
West Nile virus (WNV) is an infectious disease that first appeared in the United States in 1999. (medlineplus.gov)
[ 6 ] When the virus infects these structures of the central nervous system, it may be described as neuroinvasive disease. (medscape.com)
For more information, see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) fact sheet on West Nile virus , links to state and local government web sites on West Nile virus , and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) article on mosquito control . (medscape.com)
Most people with this type of West Nile virus disease recover completely, but fatigue and weakness can last for weeks or months. (michigan.gov)
What should I do if I think a family member might have West Nile virus disease? (michigan.gov)
How is West Nile virus disease diagnosed? (michigan.gov)
What is the treatment for West Nile virus disease? (michigan.gov)
The disease is spread when a mosquito bites a bird that is infected with West Nile, then bites a human, informs The Hawk Eye. (pravda.ru)
The best way to prevent West Nile virus disease is to prevent mosquito bites . (ohio.gov)
Where does West Nile virus disease occur in Ohio? (ohio.gov)
However, the majority of West Nile virus disease human cases reported in Ohio are in the northern and western parts of the state. (ohio.gov)
For more information, see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s website for West Nile virus disease symptoms . (ohio.gov)
Almost all people infected with West Nile virus contract the disease through the bite of an infected mosquito. (onhealth.com)
A person cannot get the virus, for example, from touching or kissing someone who has the disease. (onhealth.com)
The relationship between lack of rainfall and West Nile virus is counterintuitive, said Sara Paull, a disease ecologist at the National Ecological Observatory Network in Boulder, Colorado, who studied connections between climate factors and West Nile in the U.S. as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California-Santa Cruz. (sltrib.com)
For more information visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's West Nile Virus home page . (cnn.com)
Banner Health, together with our local health departments, and the Center for Disease Control, is taking an active role in helping to prevent, detect and treat the virus. (bannerhealth.com)
West Nile virus is a disease that is usually transmitted by mosquitoes. (bannerhealth.com)
It is estimated that one in 150 persons infected with the West Nile virus will develop a more severe form of disease. (bannerhealth.com)
Can West Nile virus cause disease in horses? (ct.gov)
The investigators stated that although by 2004, with the aid of federal funding, well-developed West Nile virus surveillance systems existed in almost every state, by 2012, following a 61% decrease in federal funding, many health departments had reduced such surveillance and lacked a systematic, disease-based surveillance system for other arboviruses. (medscape.com)
West Nile virus (WNV) causes annual outbreaks globally and is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in Unite States. (bvsalud.org)
West Nile encephalitis (WNE) is usually asymptomatic in areas of endemic disease. (medscape.com)

Over the past decade, the U.S. has seen an average of about 1,300 neuroinvasive West Nile cases each year. (sltrib.com)
Increased drought could nearly double the number of annual neuroinvasive West Nile cases across the country by the mid-21st century, and triple it in areas of low human immunity, Paull's research projected, compared with averages from 1999 to 2013. (sltrib.com)

Because this research does not require replicating "live" viruses, it does not need to be done in high-level containment facilities when developing vaccines for highly pathogenic viruses. (nih.gov)
Vaccines are also available for West Nile virus. (equestrian-angel.com)

These data are published in an annual report that presents prevalence rates of tested pathogens, estimated residual risks of tested viruses and highlights risk associated with known and emerging pathogens. (blood.ca)
Human behavior and activity alter ecosystems, destroy habitats of other species, and reduce natural barriers between them and us, increasing interaction and opportunities for viruses and pathogens to pass from one species to another. (mona-uk.org)

West Nile Virus - what the media won't tell you The potential importance of polluted and unhealthy environments in which West Nile virus outbreaks often occur is being ignored due to lack of funding and scientific indifference. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
A study by Hadler et al suggested that many US states may no longer have adequate surveillance systems for detecting and responding to outbreaks of West Nile virus. (medscape.com)

Two Eastern Oregon horses are dead, reportedly from the West Nile virus, while four others are believed infected, a state official said Friday. (pravda.ru)
The West Nile virus likely is responsible for the deaths of two Malheur County horses, said Dr. Don Hansen, state veterinarian with the Animal Health and Identification Division of the Oregon Department of Agriculture. (pravda.ru)
How do the horses become infected with West Nile virus? (ct.gov)
Can a horse infected with West Nile virus infect horses in neighboring stalls? (ct.gov)
West Nile virus (WNV) Absorbance attributed to specific WNV antigen immuglobulin (Ig) M interaction in the West Nile Equine IgM Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on individual horses. (cdc.gov)

The years with the most cases of West Nile virus have often been during hot, dry summers. (govdelivery.com)
Since 2002, there have been 78 confirmed human cases of West Nile virus in Lake County, as well as four confirmed deaths. (govdelivery.com)
There were more than 800 reported cases of West Nile virus in California in 2014, resulting in 31 deaths -- that's twice as many reported cases as in 2013 and twice as many associated fatalities. (cbsnews.com)
The Louisiana Department of Health has confirmed 14 cases of West Nile virus, the first for 2016.State epidemiologist Dr. Raoult Ratard says none of these cases are related to the recent flooding. (wdsu.com)
The Louisiana Department of Health has confirmed 14 cases of West Nile virus, the first for 2016. (wdsu.com)
The California Department of Public Health said there have been 276 human cases of West Nile Virus in 28 counties as of Sept. 30. (nbcbayarea.com)
2011 - 712 cases of West Nile virus are reported in 44 states and the District of Columbia with 43 deaths. (cnn.com)
2009 - 722 cases of West Nile virus are reported in 37 states and the District of Columbia, with 33 fatalities. (cnn.com)
2008 - 1,356 cases of West Nile virus are reported in 42 states, with 44 fatalities. (cnn.com)
2007 - 3,598 cases of West Nile virus are reported in 43 states, with 121 fatalities. (cnn.com)
2004 - 2,535 cases of West Nile Virus are identified in 40 states and the District of Columbia, with 98 fatalities. (cnn.com)
2003 - 9,862 cases of West Nile Virus are identified in the US (2,947 in Colorado alone), with 264 fatalities. (cnn.com)
2002 - 4,156 confirmed or probable cases of West Nile Virus are reported in 39 states and the District of Columbia, with 284 fatalities. (cnn.com)
There have been no human cases of West Nile virus or EEE in Massachusetts this year. (wcvb.com)
9 Human Cases of West Nile Virus Confirmed in Harris Co. (myhoustonmajic.com)
Most cases of West Nile virus get better on their own, although fatigue can linger for several weeks. (allisonpest.com)

The Iowa Department of Public Health on Thursday released a statement in which it announced the addition of 10 counties to the list of locales where the mosquito-borne virus has been found. (pravda.ru)
Exposure to these life--threatening mosquito-borne viruses varies from year to year. (thehorse.com)
This is another mosquito-borne virus with fluctuating annual case numbers depending on weather (and resulting mosquito populations) and vaccination vigilance. (thehorse.com)
Our NJ pest control services can help lower your risk of West Nile virus and other mosquito-borne illnesses. (allisonpest.com)

Infected mosquitoes spread the virus that causes it. (medlineplus.gov)
Explore the causes of West Nile virus, how it is spread and where it is found. (canada.ca)
West Nile virus is most commonly spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. (denverpost.com)
If her final meal happens to be the blood of a wild bird infected with West Nile virus, then in 15 to 21 days, the mama mosquito will be a vector for the virus, meaning she can now spread West Nile virus to the next creature she bites. (cbsnews.com)
Since their gonotrophic cycles last only about five days, the females are usually dead before they can spread West Nile virus to the animals on which they feed. (cbsnews.com)
West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes. (ohio.gov)
West Nile virus was first detected in the United States in New York City in 1999 and quickly spread across the country within a few years. (ohio.gov)
However, the full Legislature ultimately agreed to restore the money after mosquito-control and agriculture agencies warned that the virus could continue to spread throughout the state this summer. (californiahealthline.org)
To date, more than 300 different species of bird have been found to carry the virus in the U.S. However, there is no evidence the virus can be spread directly from a bird to a human. (onhealth.com)
Spring rain, summer drought, and heat created ideal conditions for mosquitoes to spread the West Nile virus through Colorado last year, experts said. (sltrib.com)
In a small number of cases, West Nile virus has been spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, breastfeeding or in pregnancy from the mother to her baby. (hamilton.ca)
The virus is not spread by person to person contact such as drinking from the same cup. (hamilton.ca)
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs354/en/) Over the following ten years, WNV spread throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Carribbean. (loinc.org)
The horse tested positive for EEE which, like West Nile virus, is spread by mosquitoes. (marylandthoroughbred.com)
Viruses spread through hazards in the environment -- section 11.1. (who.int)

West Nile virus (WNV) has now killed six people in California and the number of people with the virus has climbed to 249, according to an announcement yesterday by the California Department of Health Services. (pravda.ru)
Even though West Nile virus has not been detected yet in all 58 counties, the evidence shows that it is widespread in California and we all need to be vigilant about avoiding mosquito bites," said. (pravda.ru)
Of the 58 counties that make up the state of California, 33 have reported West Nile virus activity already this year. (cbsnews.com)
A 17-year-old Arabian mare in California is recovering after state veterinary officials confirmed her positive for West Nile virus (WNV). (thehorse.com)
has a very restricted distribution, found only on the west coast of the United States - as far north as Bodega Bay in Sonoma County, California - and in Baja California, Mexico. (si.edu)

They also confirmed the virus has now been found in 48 of the state's 51 counties. (pravda.ru)
In each of the counties just added to the list, West Nile was found in a bird carcass that was submitted for testing. (pravda.ru)
Mosquitoes with the virus have been found this season in Adams, Boulder, Delta, Denver, Larimer and Weld counties. (denverpost.com)
Northern house mosquitoes that can carry West Nile virus are found throughout Ohio wherever suitable habitats for breeding are found. (ohio.gov)
West Nile Virus can be found in Virginia and throughout the region. (arlingtonva.us)
No mosquitoes collected within the District of Timiskaming have tested positive for WNV, however mosquito species capable of carrying the virus have been found in the area. (timiskaminghu.com)
What we do know is that [West Nile Virus] infects people of all ages and the virus is found all across Solano County," Stacey said in a news release. (nbcbayarea.com)
West Nile virus is found in the wild bird population. (hamilton.ca)
The first mosquitoes to test positive for the West Nile virus this year have been found in Darien, Fairfield, New Haven and Stamford, officials announced Tuesday. (pressreader.com)
One of Iowa's top experts on mosquitoes heads to the Davenport area today, where a crow was found last week, dead of West Nile virus. (radioiowa.com)
Residents are being advised to take extra caution in and around Agua Dulce after West Nile virus was found in a pool of mosquitoes collected by Nueces County Vector Control. (kristv.com)
The virus was found near County Road 38. (kristv.com)
The scientists from Pennington Biomedical Centre at Louisiana State University, conducted laboratory tests on human fatty tissue and found that the virus triggered changes in the tissue that left people with more, and larger, fat cells than people who were not infected. (news-medical.net)
they found over a period of one week that many of the stem cells exposed to the virus had been converted into early stage fat cells and begun storing fat. (news-medical.net)

West Nile virus first appeared in the United States in September 1999, when several crows in New York City, as well as flamingos and pheasants at the Bronx Zoo, turned up dead. (pravda.ru)
Identified in the United States in 1999, West Nile virus is seen most often during the summer and early fall months. (nj.gov)
West Nile emerged in the United States for the first time in the New York City area in Aug. 1999. (onhealth.com)
According to the CDC, since 1999 more than 50,000 people have been reported with West Nile virus in the U.S. More than 2,300 of those people died. (onhealth.com)
1999 - The first cases of West Nile encephalitis in the Western Hemisphere are reported in the Bronx and Queens boroughs of New York. (cnn.com)
El virus apareció en Norteamérica por primera vez en 1999. (bvsalud.org)
The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. (bvsalud.org)

SIMCOE MUSKOKA - As summer lengthens, the risk of being bitten by a mosquito infected with West Nile virus (WNv) increases. (simcoemuskokahealth.org)

Get detailed information on West Nile virus, its diagnosis, clinical assessment and prognosis. (canada.ca)

Des Moines County has joined a growing list of Iowa counties where state health officials have confirmed the presence of West Nile virus. (pravda.ru)
As drought continues to plague the western United States, public health officials are warning residents of the region about an unexpected side effect of the dry weather: a greater likelihood of contracting West Nile virus. (cbsnews.com)
Two additional Connecticut residents have tested positive for West Nile Virus (WNV), local health officials confirmed Friday. (msn.com)
Ohio, Washington Officials Confirm West Nile Virus-Carrying Mosquitoes. (ascp.org)
Starting Aug. 1, an additional $3 million will be available for agencies experiencing heavy West Nile virus activity, according to administration officials. (californiahealthline.org)
Three people in Solano County have been infected with the West Nile Virus, according to state health officials. (nbcbayarea.com)

West Nile virus (WNV) was first described in 1937 and is named for the West Nile district of Uganda, where it was discovered. (medscape.com)

The mosquitoes that transmit West Nile Virus are most active between dusk and dawn but people should avoid mosquito bites at any time. (bannerhealth.com)
They can transmit West Nile virus to people through their bites. (allisonpest.com)

Culex pipiens mosquitoes, which are the primary carriers of West Nile virus, are most abundant when the weather is hot. (govdelivery.com)
While the hot, dry weather results in fewer mosquitoes overall, the Culex mosquitoes that cause West Nile virus are still present," said Alana Bartolai, Ecological Services Program Coordinator at the Lake County Health Department. (govdelivery.com)
The other has to do with the reproductive behavior of the particular species of mosquito, Culex tarsalis, which carries West Nile virus in the Western United States. (cbsnews.com)

On 16 May, KEMRI laboratory confirmed 7 of the 10 samples tested positive for Chikungunya virus. (who.int)
On 9 September 2015, the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (MOHSA) of Senegal notified WHO of active circulation of chikungunya virus in the region of Kédougou. (who.int)
Ten (10) samples tested positive for chikungunya virus. (who.int)

Our study demonstrated encephalitis virus (SLEV), and Ilheus in South America. (cdc.gov)

How Does West Nile Virus Infect Mosquitoes? (onhealth.com)

Both illnesses can result in long-term health problems and a severe case of West Nile virus can be fatal. (phila.gov)
Less than 1% of people with West Nile virus develop other serious illnesses such as meningitis and encephalitis. (hamilton.ca)
This puts you and your family at risk of being bitten, which can also increase your risk of West Nile virus and other serious kinds of illnesses. (allisonpest.com)

Find more prevention tips and information on West Nile virus at www.FightTheBiteNow.com . (govdelivery.com)
Prevention of West Nile virus is primarily directed at reducing the mosquito population from May to October and by taking precautions to limit human exposure during these months of high mosquito activity. (medscape.com)

Enterovirus and West Nile virus can all cause acute flaccid myelitis. (medlineplus.gov)

Those who become ill may develop West Nile encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain. (cnn.com)

Bolivia, NC (WWAY) - A pool of mosquitoes collected in Brunswick County last week tested positive for West Nile Virus. (wwaytv3.com)
West Nile Virus has been detected in mosquitoes collected from Amesbury, the Massachusetts Department of Health announced Friday. (wcvb.com)

West Nile virus (WNV) is a microorganism (virus) transmitted by mosquitoes and, more rarely, ticks. (onhealth.com)
West Nile Virus (WNV) is a virus transmitted by mosquitoes. (timiskaminghu.com)

Brain injury from West Nile virus encephalitis or meningitis can result in cognitive, gross motor, and fine motor delays. (medscape.com)
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) encephalitis have subacute forms, presenting with a psychiatric syndrome and an anterior opercular syndrome, known as benign recurrent meningitis. (medscape.com)

The rise in cases may be a sign of what's to come: As climate change brings more drought and pushes temperatures toward what is termed the "Goldilocks zone" for mosquitoes - not too hot, not too cold - scientists expect West Nile transmission to increase across the country. (sltrib.com)

West Nile virus was discovered in 1937 in the West Nile district of Uganda. (onhealth.com)
1937 - The first case of West Nile virus is reported in Uganda. (cnn.com)
The West Nile Virus (WNV) is an arbovirus that was first identified in the West Nile District of Uganda in 1937. (loinc.org)

Wildlife carrying the rabies virus are expanding to new geographic areas of the country. (cdc.gov)
The AAEP core vaccination list consists of rabies, Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis (EEE/WEE), tetanus, and West Nile virus (WNV). (thehorse.com)
Rabies virus usually incubates for 20-60 days but is capable of incubating for years. (medscape.com)

In Colorado, most human West Nile virus cases are reported in August and September, the release said. (denverpost.com)
The virus circulates in a mosquito's blood for a few days and the moves into the insect's salivary glands, at which time the virus can be transmitted to another bird, human or other animal by bite. (lcfpd.org)
Local transmission occurs when an infected mosquito bites a human and transmits the virus. (wdsu.com)
Thirty-one human cases of West Nile, including two deaths, have been reported across the state. (californiahealthline.org)
O'Brien SF, Goldman M, Scalia V, Yi QL, Fan W, Xi G, Dines IR, Fearon MA: The epidemiology of Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II in Canadian Blood Donors. (blood.ca)
4. Negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody screen, seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (following HIV and hepatitis testing, subjects will be provided with counseling and referral for health care if any test is positive). (who.int)
HOUSTON) - The Harris County Health Department confirms there are now nine human cases of the West Nile Virus in Harris County. (myhoustonmajic.com)
THE WOODLANDS, TX) - The Houston area has its first human case of West Nile virus for 2014. (myhoustonmajic.com)
Almost all cervical cancer cases are caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) . (eurosurveillance.org)

It is with great sadness, and a heavy heart, that we announce that Van McLain, a founding member of the band Shooting Star passed away from complications of West Nile Virus in Kansas City, Missouri on March 2, 2018. (antimusic.com)
Keasling spent three months in hospitals and rehab, then died on Nov. 11 at age 57 from complications of West Nile virus and diabetes, according to his mother, Karen Freeman. (sltrib.com)

2012 - 2,636 cases of the West Nile Virus have been reported in 48 states with 118 deaths, according to the CDC. (cnn.com)

Find out what the risks of West Nile virus are and who is most at risk. (canada.ca)
What Are the Risks of West Nile Virus During Pregnancy? (onhealth.com)

A myriad of agents can potentially be transmitted through blood transfusions, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. (medscape.com)

In 2021, 218 pools or batches of mosquitoes tested positive for West Nile virus. (govdelivery.com)
Jim West a researcher who works with No Spray Coalition, discovered that those New York City area counties with MTBE-reformulated gasoline reported that 117 dead crows were positive for West Nile virus. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
The first West Nile virus positive mosquitoes of the season have been identified," said Philip Armstrong, medical entomologi-st at the CAES. (pressreader.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms31

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes8

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care8

Geographicals8

West Nile fever--a reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Europe. (1/1412)

Entomologic and avian investigations of an epidemic of West Nile fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecular characterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes. (2/1412)

Update: West Nile-like viral encephalitis--New York, 1999. (3/1412)

Outbreak of West Nile-like viral encephalitis--New York, 1999. (4/1412)

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of different members of the family Flaviviridae exhibit similar properties in vitro. (5/1412)

Isolation of West Nile virus from mosquitoes, crows, and a Cooper's hawk in Connecticut. (6/1412)

Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. (7/1412)

Continued transmission of West Nile virus to humans in southeastern Romania, 1997-1998. (8/1412)

West Nile virus

West Nile Fever

Bird Diseases

West Nile Virus Vaccines

Culex

Culicidae

Horse Diseases

Birds

Crows

Flavivirus

Flavivirus Infections

Horses

Insect Vectors

Sciuridae

Antibodies, Viral

Vero Cells

Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis

Cercopithecus aethiops

RNA, Viral

Virus Replication

Blood Donors

Arbovirus Infections

Encephalitis, St. Louis

Disease Outbreaks

Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese

Raptors

Viremia

Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Viral Plaque Assay

Neutralization Tests

RNA Viruses

Songbirds

Dengue Virus

Rodent Diseases

Sentinel Surveillance

Mid-Atlantic Region

Encephalitis Virus, Japanese

Disease Reservoirs

Virus Shedding

Virus Cultivation

Aedes

Vaccinia virus

Cricetinae

Seroepidemiologic Studies

Population Surveillance

Communicable Diseases, Emerging

Meningoencephalitis

Encephalitis, Viral

Phylogeny

North America

Viral Envelope Proteins

New York

Antigens, Viral

Sparrows

Immunoglobulin M

Cell Line

Disease Vectors

Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne

Passeriformes

Arboviruses

Virus Diseases

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Molecular Sequence Data

Encephalitis, Arbovirus

Yellow fever virus

Receptors, Virus

Virus Assembly

RNA Helicases

Louisiana

Animals, Wild

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Antiviral Agents

Texas

Host-Pathogen Interactions

Antibodies, Neutralizing

Sindbis Virus

United States

Colorado

Illinois

Seasons