Weapons of Mass Destruction
Chemical Warfare
Biological Warfare
Terrorism
Decontamination
Disaster Planning
Mass Spectrometry
Hospital planning for weapons of mass destruction incidents. (1/3)
As terrorists attacks increase in frequency, hospital disaster plans need to be scrutinized to ensure that they take into account issues unique to weapons of mass destruction. This paper reports a review of the literature addressing hospital experiences with such incidents and the planning lessons thus learned. Construction of hospital disaster plans is examined as an ongoing process guided by the disaster planning committee. Hospitals are conceived as one of the components of a larger community disaster planning efforts, with specific attention devoted to defining important linkages among response organizations. This includes the public health authorities, political authorities, prehospital care agencies, and emergency management agencies. A review is completed of six special elements of weapons of mass destruction incidents that should be addressed in hospital disaster plans: incident command, hospital security, patient surge, decontamination, mental health consequences, and communications. The paper closes with a discussion of the importance of training and exercises in maintaining and improving the disaster plan. (+info)Chemical warfare and medical response during World War I. (2/3)
(+info)Green paper on bio-preparedness--general comments. (3/3)
The Commission's Green Paper on Bio-preparedness represents an important signal that the European Commission is actively involved in, working on issues related to bio-preparedness across all Member States and the international Community. In 2006, the Commission held two seminars on European Bio Preparedness and a workshop on Transport and Traceability of Bio materials. The results and recommendations emerging from these discussions have been inserted in this Green Paper. The document intends to stimulate a debate within and between the Member States and to launch a process of consultation on how to reduce biological risks and to enhance preparedness and response. All the national authorities responsible for risk prevention and response, human, animal and plant health, customs, civil protection, law enforcement authorities, the military, bio-industry, epidemiological and health communities, academic institutions and bioresearch institutes are therefore called to be involved, to contribute and to improve the ability of the EU to prevent, respond to and recover from a biological incident or deliberate criminal activity. (+info)Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) is a term used in policy, military, and political discussions to describe weapons that can cause widespread destruction and loss of life. In a strict medical sense, there isn't a specific definition for WMDs. However, from a public health and emergency response perspective, WMDs typically include nuclear, chemical, biological, and radiological weapons.
1. Nuclear Weapons: These are explosive devices that derive their destructive power from the release of energy due to nuclear fission or a combination of fission and fusion reactions. The blast wave, heat, and radiation generated by a nuclear explosion can cause significant loss of life, property damage, and environmental contamination.
2. Chemical Weapons: These are weapons that use toxic chemicals to cause harm or death. They include substances such as nerve agents (e.g., sarin, VX), blister agents (e.g., mustard gas), choking agents (e.g., phosgene), and blood agents (e.g., hydrogen cyanide). Exposure to these chemicals can lead to a range of symptoms, from mild irritation to severe organ damage and death, depending on the type and amount of chemical, route of exposure, and duration of exposure.
3. Biological Weapons: These are weapons that use microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) or their toxic products (toxins) to cause disease and death in humans, animals, or plants. Examples of biological agents include anthrax, smallpox, botulinum toxin, and the causative agent of plague. Biological weapons can be difficult to contain and control once released due to their ability to spread through the air, water, or contaminated surfaces.
4. Radiological Weapons: These are weapons that use radioactive materials to cause harm. A radiological dispersal device (RDD), also known as a "dirty bomb," combines conventional explosives with radioactive material. When detonated, the explosion spreads radioactive material over a wide area, contaminating surfaces and potentially causing radiation exposure to people in the vicinity.
The medical community plays a critical role in preparing for and responding to WMD incidents, including developing treatment guidelines, training healthcare professionals, and conducting research on medical countermeasures (e.g., vaccines, therapeutics) to protect against these threats.
Chemical warfare is the use of chemicals in military conflict to incapacitate, injure, or kill enemy personnel or destroy equipment and resources. It involves the employment of toxic gases, liquids, or solids that have harmful effects on humans, animals, or plants. Chemical weapons can cause a wide range of symptoms, from temporary discomfort to permanent disability or death, depending on the type and amount of chemical used, as well as the duration and route of exposure.
Chemical warfare agents are classified into several categories based on their primary effects:
1. Nerve agents: These chemicals inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Examples include sarin, tabun, soman, and VX. Exposure to nerve agents can cause symptoms such as muscle twitching, convulsions, respiratory failure, and death.
2. Blister agents: Also known as vesicants, these chemicals cause severe blistering and burns to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Mustard gas is a well-known example of a blister agent. Exposure can lead to temporary or permanent blindness, respiratory problems, and scarring.
3. Choking agents: These chemicals cause damage to the lungs and respiratory system by irritating and inflaming the airways. Phosgene and chlorine are examples of choking agents. Symptoms of exposure include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and potentially fatal lung edema.
4. Blood agents: These chemicals interfere with the body's ability to transport oxygen in the blood, leading to asphyxiation. Cyanide is a common example of a blood agent. Exposure can cause rapid heart rate, dizziness, headache, seizures, and death due to lack of oxygen.
5. Incapacitating agents: These chemicals are designed to temporarily disable or disorient enemy personnel without causing serious harm or death. Examples include riot control agents such as tear gas (CS) and pepper spray (OC). Exposure can cause symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, tears, and temporary blindness.
The use of chemical weapons in warfare is prohibited by several international treaties, including the Geneva Protocol and the Chemical Weapons Convention. Despite these bans, there have been numerous instances of their use throughout history, most notably during World War I and more recently in Syria's ongoing civil war.
Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological agents or toxins with the intent to cause disease or death in humans, animals, or plants. These agents can be spread through the air, water, or food and can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, or toxic substances produced by living organisms. The purpose of using these agents is typically to cause widespread illness, fear, and disruption. Biological warfare is considered a weapon of mass destruction and is illegal under international law.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "terrorism" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a concept that is typically defined within the contexts of criminal law, international relations, and political science. Generally, terrorism refers to the use of violence or threat of violence, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political, religious, or ideological objectives. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I'd be happy to try to help answer those for you!
Decontamination is the process of removing, inactivating or destroying harmful contaminants from a person, object, environment or substance. In a medical context, decontamination typically refers to the removal of pathogens, toxic chemicals, or radioactive substances from patients, equipment, or surfaces in order to prevent infection or illness.
There are different methods and techniques for decontamination depending on the type and extent of contamination. For example, mechanical cleaning (such as washing with soap and water), chemical disinfection (using antimicrobial agents), radiation sterilization (using ionizing radiation), and heat sterilization (using steam or dry heat) are some common methods used in medical settings to decontaminate surfaces, equipment, and supplies.
Decontamination is an important process in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and clinics, as well as in emergency response situations involving hazardous materials or bioterrorism incidents. Proper decontamination procedures can help prevent the spread of infectious diseases, reduce the risk of chemical or radiation exposure, and protect the health and safety of patients, healthcare workers, and the public.
Disaster planning in a medical context refers to the process of creating and implementing a comprehensive plan for responding to emergencies or large-scale disasters that can impact healthcare facilities, services, and patient care. The goal of disaster planning is to minimize the impact of such events on the health and well-being of patients and communities, ensure continuity of medical services, and protect healthcare infrastructure and resources.
Disaster planning typically involves:
1. Risk assessment: Identifying potential hazards and assessing their likelihood and potential impact on healthcare facilities and services.
2. Developing a disaster plan: Creating a detailed plan that outlines the steps to be taken before, during, and after a disaster to ensure the safety of patients, staff, and visitors, as well as the continuity of medical care.
3. Training and education: Providing training and education to healthcare personnel on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery.
4. Exercises and drills: Conducting regular exercises and drills to test the effectiveness of the disaster plan and identify areas for improvement.
5. Resource management: Identifying and securing necessary resources, such as medical supplies, equipment, and personnel, to support disaster response efforts.
6. Communication and coordination: Establishing clear communication protocols and coordinating with local emergency responders, public health authorities, and other healthcare facilities to ensure a coordinated response to disasters.
7. Recovery and restoration: Developing plans for restoring medical services and infrastructure after a disaster has occurred.
Disaster planning is an essential component of healthcare delivery and is critical to ensuring the safety and well-being of patients and communities during emergencies or large-scale disasters.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "nuclear weapons" is not a medical term. It falls under the field of nuclear physics and military technology. However, I can provide a general definition:
Nuclear weapons are explosive devices that derive their destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (splitting of heavy atomic nuclei like uranium or plutonium) or fusion (combining of light atomic nuclei like hydrogen). These reactions release enormous amounts of energy in the form of heat, light, and radiation. The explosion from a nuclear weapon can cause widespread destruction and loss of life due to the blast wave, thermal radiation, and ionizing radiation.
Firearms are not a medical condition or disease, so they do not have a medical definition. However, I can provide you with a general definition:
A firearm is a portable gun, being a weapon consisting of a tube or barrel from which shots, shells, or bullets are discharged by the action of gunpowder or other explosive. Firearms may be manual, semi-automatic, or automatic in their operation and can vary in size, shape, and capacity. They are used for various purposes, including hunting, sport shooting, self-defense, and law enforcement. It is important to note that the possession, use, and regulation of firearms are subject to laws and regulations that vary by country and jurisdiction.
Nuclear warfare is not a medical term per se, but it refers to a military conflict using nuclear weapons. However, the medical and public health communities have studied the potential consequences of nuclear warfare extensively due to its catastrophic health impacts.
In a medical context, a nuclear explosion releases a massive amount of energy in the form of light, heat, and a shockwave, which can cause significant destruction and loss of life from the blast alone. Additionally, the explosion produces radioactive materials that contaminate the environment, leading to both immediate and long-term health effects.
Immediate medical consequences of nuclear warfare include:
1. Blast injuries: The shockwave from a nuclear explosion can cause severe trauma, including fractures, internal injuries, and burns.
2. Radiation exposure: Acute radiation sickness can occur in individuals exposed to high levels of ionizing radiation, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and potentially death.
3. Thermal burns: The intense heat generated by a nuclear explosion can cause severe thermal burns, similar to those seen in major fires or explosions.
4. Eye injuries: Flash blindness and retinal burns can occur due to the bright flash of light emitted during the explosion.
Long-term medical consequences of nuclear warfare include:
1. Radiation-induced cancers: Exposure to ionizing radiation increases the risk of developing various types of cancer, such as leukemia and solid tumors, over time.
2. Genetic mutations: Ionizing radiation can cause genetic mutations that may be passed down through generations, potentially leading to birth defects and other health issues.
3. Psychological trauma: The aftermath of a nuclear war would likely result in significant psychological distress, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety.
4. Environmental contamination: Radioactive fallout from a nuclear explosion can contaminate the environment, making large areas uninhabitable for extended periods. This contamination could lead to food and water shortages, further exacerbating health issues.
Preparing for and responding to a nuclear warfare event would require a coordinated effort between medical professionals, emergency responders, and public health officials to minimize the immediate and long-term health impacts on affected populations.
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique used to identify and quantify the chemical components of a mixture or compound. It works by ionizing the sample, generating charged molecules or fragments, and then measuring their mass-to-charge ratio in a vacuum. The resulting mass spectrum provides information about the molecular weight and structure of the analytes, allowing for identification and characterization.
In simpler terms, mass spectrometry is a method used to determine what chemicals are present in a sample and in what quantities, by converting the chemicals into ions, measuring their masses, and generating a spectrum that shows the relative abundances of each ion type.
Radioactive fallout refers to the radioactive material that falls to the Earth's surface following a nuclear explosion. It includes any solid, liquid or gaseous particles that contain radioactive isotopes produced by the explosion. These isotopes can have half-lives ranging from days to millions of years and can contaminate large areas, making them dangerous to human health and the environment.
The fallout can be local, affecting the area immediately surrounding the explosion, or it can be global, affecting regions far from the explosion site due to wind currents and atmospheric circulation patterns. Exposure to radioactive fallout can result in radiation sickness, genetic mutations, and an increased risk of cancer.
Weapon of mass destruction - Wikipedia
Weapons of Mass Destruction??? - Antiwar.com
weapons of mass destruction
United States used weapons of mass destruction in Iraq - SourceWatch
Credit Derivatives as Weapons of Economic Mass Destruction...
High Technology, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and Hazardous Communication Tools | Dissident Voice
U.S. Boosts Weapons of Mass Destruction • TPL
Why the Boston Marathon bombs are considered 'weapons of mass destruction' | The Week
Canadian PM satisfied with agreement on financing elimination of soviet weapons of mass destruction
WMDC - The Weapons Of Mass Destruction Commission
Weapons of Mass Destruction - The Black Vault
WMDC - The Weapons Of Mass Destruction Commission
Notice - Continuation of Emergency With Respect to Weapons of Mass Destruction | The American Presidency Project
Resolution on Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone in the Middle East - WILPF
Why Is Britain Intentionally Using Weapons of Mass Destruction? - Opinio Juris
Article: Harnessing "Black Holes": The Large Hadron Collider - Ultimate Weapon of Mass Destruction
Trinicenter.com - The mirage of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction
NATO - Pressrelease: 18th Annual NATO Conference on Arms Control, Disarmament and Weapons of Mass Destruction Non-Proliferation...
Virtual Event | Thinking About the Unthinkable in Ukraine: Could Putin Use Weapons of Mass Destruction? | Hudson
Tony Waterston: Opening the Black Box on weapons of mass destruction? - Medact
Engineered Famine: Khartoum's Weapon of Genocidal Mass Destruction, February 23, 2005
DVIDS - Video - Weapon of Mass Destruction: A Look at the Ransomware Epidemic, presented by Fernando Tomlinson
Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction - Citizendium
Sheikh Al-Qaradhawi Sermon on Qatar TV: The Arabs Must Obtain, But Not Use, Weapons of Mass Destruction- Nuclear, Chemical, And...
Publication - A Weapons of Mass Destruction-Free Zone in the Middle East | PRIF
PAX CHRISTI INTERNATIONAL: Creating a weapons of mass destruction-free zone in the Middle East - Pax Christi USA
ETFs Are `Weapons of Mass Destruction,' FPA Managers Say | Wealth Management
Meeting Saddam's Men,Looking for Iraq's weapons of mass destruction,Ashton Robinson,History books
Statement by the G7 Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction on Ukraine
Iraq12
- Subsequent to Operation Opera, the destruction of a pre-operational nuclear reactor inside Iraq by the Israeli Air Force in 1981, the Israeli prime minister, Menachem Begin, countered criticism by saying that "on no account shall we permit an enemy to develop weapons of mass destruction against the people of Israel. (wikipedia.org)
- Jacob Weisberg draws an analogy between all the people (like him) who believed that Saddam Hussein's weapons of mass destruction existed in Iraq before 2003 and all the people (like him) who believed that credit derivative weapons of economic mass destruction did not exist before 2007. (typepad.com)
- He has also served as Commissioner in UNSCOM, the Head of the Special Group visiting the Presidential Sites in Iraq and a member of the 1996 Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons. (wmdcommission.org)
- I, having worked with Iraq's nuclear program for thirty years, reacted with a series of articles expounding on the fact that Iraq had ceased its nuclear weapons program at the start of the 1991 war. (trinicenter.com)
- I refuted the claims and evidence most famously, or infamously, branded by Secretary of State Colin Powell to the Security Council in February 2003 in which Powell argued that Iraq had rejuvenated its nuclear weapons program after the Gulf War. (trinicenter.com)
- Bombing to waste, yet again, the main Nuclear Research Center at Tuwaitha, and foolishly allowing American soldiers to break IAEA protective seals and opening Tuwaitha's radioactive burial mound for looters who then contaminated themselves and their families, the Americans have yet to produce their "evidence" of a nuclear weapons program in Iraq. (trinicenter.com)
- In addition to the non-existent nuclear weapons program, two developments in the past two months have convinced me that, since 1991-1992, Iraq did not rejuvenate its chemical or biological weapons programs, either. (trinicenter.com)
- In it, he affirmed that Iraq had indeed destroyed its entire stockpile of chemical and biological weapons and banned missiles after the Gulf War. (trinicenter.com)
- The October 2002 National Intelligence Estimatecontained an extensive technical analysis of Iraq's suspected weapons programs but little serious analysis of the socio-political situation in Iraq, or the motives and intentions of Iraqi leadership--which, in a dictatorship like Iraq, really meant understanding Saddam. (citizendium.org)
- This book is Ashton Robinson's unique eye-witness account of the ISG's operations in Iraq, based at Camp Slayer, in one of Saddam Hussein's former palaces The group's task was to search for weapons of mass destruction or to account for them if they did not exist. (readhowyouwant.com)
- Still wondering if there were weapons of mass destruction in Iraq? (lesbian.com)
- In 1998 the Clinton administration launched four days of strikes against Iraq, with the explicit intention of degrading Hussein's weapons of mass destruction capabilities. (lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com)
Iraq's2
- The IAEA explicitly exposed the fact that a uranium procurement document provided by British and American intelligence as a piece of evidence proving Iraq's nuclear weapon capability was, in fact, a planted forgery. (trinicenter.com)
- Why is Cheney now silent about Iraq's nuclear weapons program? (trinicenter.com)
Radiological6
- A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a biological, chemical, radiological, nuclear, or any other weapon that can kill or significantly harm many people or cause great damage to artificial structures (e.g., buildings), natural structures (e.g., mountains), or the biosphere. (wikipedia.org)
- The application of the term to specifically nuclear and radiological weapons is traced by William Safire to the Russian phrase "Оружие массового поражения" - oruzhiye massovogo porazheniya (weapon of mass destruction). (wikipedia.org)
- The Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction is a G7-led international initiative aimed at preventing the proliferation of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons and related materials. (utoronto.ca)
- At present, it is most common to define a WMD for the public as a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (or "CBRN") weapon. (incaseofemergencyblog.com)
- By contrast, a chemical or radiological (better known as a 'dirty bomb') weapon could be very serious but would likely not cause as much lasting damage. (incaseofemergencyblog.com)
- While the mandate of the Commission was to examine the full sweep of the challenges posed by the nexus of terrorist activity and the proliferation of all forms of WMD-chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear-we concluded early in our deliberations that this report should focus solely on the two types of WMD categories that have the greatest potential to kill in the most massive numbers: biological and nuclear weapons. (incaseofemergencyblog.com)
Threats5
- 2015's opening offers an appropriate time to examine high technology and its development of weapons of mass destruction and other threats to the Earth. (dissidentvoice.org)
- Established by Executive Order 13328, issued by President George W. Bush , the Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction , [1] often called the WMD Commission , was a bipartisan panel intended to assess U.S. capabilities to detect of weapons of mass destruction capabilities and warn of actual threats. (citizendium.org)
- Should We Change The Definition Of "Weapons Of Mass Destruction" (WMD's) So Public Understands Threats Better? (incaseofemergencyblog.com)
- The following research products explore the links between terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and efforts to mitigate these grave threats. (westpoint.edu)
- His research interests focus broadly on the evolution of the global state system from 1500 to the present, and concentrate specifically on the challenges that 'new' security threats such as religiously motivated terrorism, the spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction, and state failure pose to the contemporary global state system. (lu.se)
Terrorism10
- Experts at Wright State University have produced a new book that not only sounds a warning about the dangers of this psychological scarring, but offers profiles of terrorists, what motivates them, how they use the media, which weapons they choose and what can be done to fight terrorism. (fairborndailyherald.com)
- In his chapter, Ayres says the strategic advantage of terrorism is not so much in the amount of destruction, but in the overreaction of the target audience. (fairborndailyherald.com)
- The book also addresses the economic impact of terrorism, from the cost of the destruction itself, the increased cost of combatting and preventing it and the loss of tourism when people choose to curtail travel. (fairborndailyherald.com)
- I recently attended a panel sponsored by New York University's Center on Law & Society on the "World At Risk," report released late last year by the Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Terrorism . (incaseofemergencyblog.com)
- In fact, I believe that a vital part of educating and engaging citizenry on terrorism is giving them a more precise sense of potential terror weapons. (incaseofemergencyblog.com)
- Vladimir Putin signed Federal Law On Ratification of the Treaty of the Commonwealth of Independent States On Combating Legalisation (Laundering) of Proceeds from Crime, Financing of Terrorism and Financing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction . (kremlin.ru)
- The Treaty aims to improve the legal foundation for cooperation between the states - parties to the Treaty On Combating the Legalisation (Laundering) of Proceeds from Crime, the Financing of Terrorism and Financing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. (kremlin.ru)
- Methods-- Information from a Bioterrorism and Mass Casualty Supplement to begun to provide continuing education the 2003 and 2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys was used for practicing clinicians and to enhance to provide national estimates of variations in terrorism preparedness training by curricula in health professional schools eight hospital characteristics. (cdc.gov)
- A multidisciplinary approach to teach responses to weapons of mass destruction and terrorism using combined simulation modalities. (msdmanuals.com)
- He also said he was concerned about the rise of nationalism, the refugee crisis, climate change, global terrorism, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. (lu.se)
Nuclear weapon4
- However, there is no precise definition of the "strategic" category, neither considering range nor yield of the nuclear weapon. (wikipedia.org)
- Who might accidentally or purposefully push the next nuclear weapon launch? (dissidentvoice.org)
- No 6: "Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones: Still a Useful Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Tool? (wmdcommission.org)
- Along with Nagasaki, Hiroshima carries the unwanted distinction of being the only city to have ever been attacked with a nuclear weapon. (ihrc.org.uk)
20231
- NATO and the US State Department are jointly organizing the 18th Annual NATO Conference on Arms Control, Disarmament and Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Non-Proliferation on 17-20 April 2023, in Washington DC. (nato.int)
Incidents3
- Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) events (i.e., biological, nuclear, or chemical attacks) present different challenges than other incidents involving mass casualties (e.g., chemical spills, transportation mishaps, or natural disasters). (cdc.gov)
- Terrorist incidents using weapons of mass destruction (WMD) feel overwhelming--both to the victims and to the professionals who provide emergency and other services in response to such incidents. (cdc.gov)
- Preparedness for the evaluation and management of mass casualty incidents involving anticholinesterase compounds: a survey of emergency department directors in the 12 largest cities in the United States. (msdmanuals.com)
Disarmament2
- Pressrelease: 18th Annual NATO Conference on Arms Control, Disarmament and Weapons of Mass Destruction Non-Proliferation, 17-Apr. (nato.int)
- Attending a conference in Amman and after this a second one in Tel Aviv led by the Israeli Disarmament Movement on the subject of a Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) free zone in the Middle East*, I came away both depressed at the lack of progress and optimistic about the prospects for a change in attitudes. (medact.org)
Threat9
- On November 14, 1994, by Executive Order 12938, the President declared a national emergency with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States posed by the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (weapons of mass destruction) and the means of delivering such weapons. (ucsb.edu)
- On July 28, 1998, the President issued Executive Order 13094 amending Executive Order 12938 to respond more effectively to the worldwide threat of weapons of mass destruction proliferation activities. (ucsb.edu)
- And, finally, the public (especially in Israel) needs to be informed that nuclear weapons are a huge threat to the health of the region, where there would be huge benefits in cooperation over natural resources and the ever-growing impact of climate change. (medact.org)
- For twenty years the G7-led Global Partnership has worked towards reducing the threat of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and preventing terrorists and those that harbour them from acquiring such weapons and related materials, equipment or technology. (utoronto.ca)
- We are outraged that the threat of use of weapons of mass destruction has been evoked in the course of this conflict and that military action is creating serious CBRN risks for the population and the environment, with the potential for catastrophic results. (utoronto.ca)
- FAIRBORN - The use - or threat - of weapons of mass destruction by terrorists also does psychological damage that can far outlast the physical destruction. (fairborndailyherald.com)
- Simultaneous events are to be held on the third weekend in January in London, Birmingham, Lisbon, Madrid, Amsterdam, Brussels, Paris and Jerusalem to highlight the threat that WMDs, particularly nuclear weapons, pose to mankind. (ihrc.org.uk)
- The existence of nuclear weapons and over-emphasis on militarisation is a threat to the security of every human being, and thus in violation of basic principles of human rights. (ihrc.org.uk)
- WASHINGTON - In late August, the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office (CWMD) hosted a four-day workshop titled, 2022 Emerging Chemical Threat Agent Workshop: An Interagency Deep Dive, bringing together over 150 experts and participants from across the federal government, state and local first responder communities, and international partners. (dhs.gov)
Proliferation2
- However, Israel is neither a signatory to the biological weapons convention nor the non-proliferation treaty (NPT) and has not ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). (medact.org)
- Ukraine is a long-standing, constructive and committed member of the Global Partnership with an exemplary non-proliferation record, as demonstrated by its renouncing of nuclear weapons inherited from the former Soviet Union in 1994. (utoronto.ca)
Terrorist2
- The use of hijacked airplanes in the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, clearly illustrated the immediate and massive destruction that can result from a well-orchestrated, long-planned, and purposeful terrorist act. (cdc.gov)
- Industrial chemicals: terrorist weapons of opportunity. (msdmanuals.com)
Chemical16
- Japan conducted research on biological weapons , and chemical weapons had seen wide battlefield use in World War I. Their use was outlawed by the Geneva Protocol of 1925. (wikipedia.org)
- And the dreaded WMD is a term usually reserved for chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons. (antiwar.com)
- "The 'Scope' of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Role of Its Schedules" (Working Paper) , Preparatory Commission for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (Australia), July 25, 1995. (sourcewatch.org)
- A few years later, the United Nations expanded that definition to include chemical and biological weapons, diluting the term's meaning. (theweek.com)
- In recent days, policymakers and the media in the U.S. and Europe have increasingly focused on the potential use of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons by Russian forces in Ukraine. (hudson.org)
- Probably, chemical weapons aren't at the top of most doctors' minds in the UK. (medact.org)
- Fortunately that risk has been much reduced owing to the very effective work of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ( OPCW ) which has just been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. (medact.org)
- The optimism comes from the heartening messages about the chemical weapons convention (which could be a model for a nuclear weapons (NW) convention), the lifting of spirits created by the good vibes coming from Iran, and the greater public pressure on governments following the Arab spring. (medact.org)
- The speech by the deputy director of OPCW, Grace Asirwatham, was pithy, thoughtful and encouraging: the high level of efficiency shown in the destruction of Syrian chemical weapons was applauded by the large audience of diplomats, EU officials and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), including IPPNW ( International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War ). (medact.org)
- Unfortunately data are not available on Israeli attitudes to NW, chemical weapons or biological weapons. (medact.org)
- WMD includes nuclear, biological and chemical weapons and their delivery systems. (medact.org)
- A few days ago, a Muslim asked me if we were allowed to possess WMDs - nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. (memri.org)
- We express our deep concern that these accusations may prepare the use of biological or chemical weapons by those who levy them. (utoronto.ca)
- Death, Chemical Weapons and Means of Mass Destruction. (muckrock.com)
- As stated in a previous email, dated 29 April 2014, your Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request titled 'Cold Death, Chemical Weapons and Means of Mass Destruction' does not fall in our agencies purview. (muckrock.com)
- Then, existing training for various types of emergencies, including chemical, biological, and radiation hazards, can be extended to help prepare for the magnitude of a mass casualty incident. (cdc.gov)
Treaty3
- No 9: "The Future of a Treaty Banning Fissile Material for Weapons Purposes: Is It Still Relevant? (wmdcommission.org)
- Second, Israel needs to be encouraged to be less opaque about its nuclear weapons and move towards joining a regional treaty mechanism. (medact.org)
- To this end, Pax Christi International urges all stakeholders to encourage negotiations towards a binding international treaty that would abolish such weapons definitively. (paxchristiusa.org)
Ukraine1
- Thinking About the Unthinkable in Ukraine: Could Putin Use Weapons of Mass Destruction? (hudson.org)
Definition1
- James and Oroszi propose the inclusion of "psychological damage" in the definition of weapons of mass destruction. (fairborndailyherald.com)
Strategic weapons2
- At the time, in the West the euphemism "strategic weapons" was used to refer to the American nuclear arsenal. (wikipedia.org)
- James said terrorists use the media as psychological, tactical, strategic weapons and often carry out attacks in large media markets. (fairborndailyherald.com)
Massive1
- Destruction, yes - but hardly massive. (antiwar.com)
Primarily1
- During the Cold War, the term "weapons of mass destruction" was primarily a reference to nuclear weapons. (wikipedia.org)
Bombs2
- It unequivocally referred to enormously destructive weapons - flames, big bombs, and poison gas in 1937, with the addition of bigger bombs and biological agents after the war. (linguistlist.org)
- Even granting that the language of the law is not the same as the language of everyday speech, it's ridiculous to call the bombs that went off in Boston "weapons of mass destruction. (theweek.com)
Psychological1
- We used it for screening missions at two breeches and, later in the fight, as a potent psychological weapon against the insurgents in trench lines and spider holes when we could not get effects on them with HE [high explosive]. (sourcewatch.org)
Existence2
- The weapons were destroyed secretly, in order to hide their existence from inspectors, in the hopes of someday resuming production after inspections had finished. (trinicenter.com)
- And in other instances, intelligence suggesting the existence of weapons programs was conveyed to senior policymakers, but later information casting doubt upon the validity of that intelligence was not. (citizendium.org)
Conflict2
- It is a very far reaching control which would eliminate the rivalry between nations in this field, which would prevent the surreptitious arming of one nation against another, which would provide some cushion of time before atomic attack, and presumably therefore before any attack with weapons of mass destruction, and which would go a long way toward removing atomic energy at least as a source of conflict between the powers. (wikipedia.org)
- It is the first time that environmental problems have been regarded as dangerous so far since the start of the investigation, and it is said that environmental problems are now more threatening than conflict and weapons of mass destruction. (gigazine.net)
Commission1
- The Commission found a widespread drop of technical knowledge about weapons systems, and, in areas such as biotechnology, the IC is well behind industry. (citizendium.org)
Elimination1
- The phrase found its way into the very first resolution the United Nations General assembly adopted in January 1946 in London, which used the wording "the elimination from national armaments of atomic weapons and of all other weapons adaptable to mass destruction. (wikipedia.org)
Spread1
- Germany is making this statement on behalf of the Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction. (utoronto.ca)
Incident1
- A nuclear bomb or biological incident, however, could have wide and long-lasting 'mass destruction' impact to humans, property and the society itself. (incaseofemergencyblog.com)
Free Zone1
- Pax Christi International strongly supports the creation of a Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone in the Middle East as a significant contribution to a nuclear weapons free world. (paxchristiusa.org)
Attacks1
- Hussein also repeatedly made real bids to acquire nuclear weapons, which were stopped only by an Israeli military strike in 1981 and by U.S. attacks and U.N. inspections during and after the Persian Gulf war. (lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com)
Main1
- Of the 2,626 respondents, the main fear was that weapons of mass destruction would be used. (bvsalud.org)
Israeli1
- At the Israeli meeting, we were told that the Israeli public in general feel that nuclear weapons add to their protection rather than increasing the risks of nuclear war in the region. (medact.org)
Examine1
- Following the example of Hudson Institute Founder Herman Kahn, Hudson will host a panel of experts to "think about the unthinkable" and examine possible scenarios involving the use of weapons of mass destruction. (hudson.org)
Reports1
- It seems unlikely to us that weapons experts used to combing reports for tidbits on technical programs would ever have asked: "Is Saddam bluffing? (citizendium.org)
Programs1
- or "Could he have decided to suspend his weapons programs until sanctions are lifted? (citizendium.org)
Wikipedia1
- "Weapons of Mass Destruction" in the Wikipedia (stems from "blanket bombing" in Guernica, Spain, in 1937). (sourcewatch.org)
Economic3
- Credit Derivatives as Weapons of Economic Mass Destruction. (typepad.com)
- Poorly-understood and badly-modeled financial derivatives turned out to be weapons of economic mass destruction. (typepad.com)
- President Obama seems determined to punish and wipe out economic success in this country, leveling tax weapons of mass destruction on all taxpayers. (newscorpse.com)
Efforts1
- CWMD continues to support our communities and keep them safe by serving as the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) focal point for countering weapons of mass destruction efforts. (dhs.gov)
Term4
- The first use of the term "weapon of mass destruction" on record is by Cosmo Gordon Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1937 in reference to the aerial bombing of Guernica, Spain: Who can think at this present time without a sickening of the heart of the appalling slaughter, the suffering, the manifold misery brought by war to Spain and to China? (wikipedia.org)
- Following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that ended World War II and during the Cold War, the term came to refer more to non-conventional weapons. (wikipedia.org)
- I don't know why it uses the term 'weapons of mass destruction,' but it's obviously inappropriate. (linguistlist.org)
- As Foreign Policy 's Timothy Noah notes, the U.S. first used the term "weapons of mass destruction" in the 1940s to describe nuclear warheads. (theweek.com)
Video1
- Because if this new video from HTC is to be believed, the Beats audio in the new Rezound can turn it into a weapon of mass destruction. (gsmarena.com)
Potential1
- Bloomberg) --Exchange-traded funds are "weapons of mass destruction" that have distorted stock prices and created the potential for a market selloff, according to the managers of the FPA Capital Fund. (wealthmanagement.com)
Emergency1
- Chilean President Michelle Bachelet has announced emergency measures to deal with the destruction. (alternet.org)
Program1
- With heightened apprehension, I listened to Vice President Dick Cheney's claim on MSNBC that the U.S. does not accept the results of the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) extensive inspections nor its failure to find any evidence of a rejuvenated Iraqi nuclear weapons program. (trinicenter.com)
Knowledge1
- During a speech at Rice University on 12 September 1962, President John F. Kennedy spoke of not filling space "with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding. (wikipedia.org)
Reality2
- Columbine was the paradigm-shifting event, the advent of the awareness of the reality of a mass school shooting. (medscape.com)
- 9/11 was the paradigm-shifting event, the advent of the awareness of the reality that an airplane could become a weapon of mass destruction. (medscape.com)
Tools1
- There are construction tools and then there are weapons of mass destruction. (reviewthisreviews.com)
Category1
- Sure, he did not actually possess anything that fell under the uselessly broad category of "weapons of mass destruction" - let alone nuclear weapons - but have you ever considered that he was the weapon of mass destruction? (lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com)
Past1
- Chris, the ever astute Neo-conservative has been searching for the Weapons of Mass Destruction for the past four years non-stop. (holyjuan.com)