Water supply. Medical search

Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.

Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)

The development and establishment of environmental conditions favorable to the health of the public.

Water that is intended to be ingested.

Practice of adding fluoride to water for the purpose of preventing tooth decay and cavities.

Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.

Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.

A rating of a body of water based on measurable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.

A branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction, and maintenance of environmental facilities conducive to public health, such as water supply and waste disposal.

A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)

A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 70.906. It is a powerful irritant that can cause fatal pulmonary edema. Chlorine is used in manufacturing, as a reagent in synthetic chemistry, for water purification, and in the production of chlorinated lime, which is used in fabric bleaching.

Rendering pathogens harmless through the use of heat, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, etc.

The consumption of liquids.

Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule.

Constructions built to access underground water.

Facilities provided for human excretion, often with accompanying handwashing facilities.

A kingdom in southern Africa, within the republic of SOUTH AFRICA. Its capital is Maseru.

The science dealing with the establishment and maintenance of health in the individual and the group. It includes the conditions and practices conducive to health. (Webster, 3d ed)

Methanes substituted with three halogen atoms, which may be the same or different.

Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.

Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.

Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.

A genus of coccidian parasites of the family CRYPTOSPORIDIIDAE, found in the intestinal epithelium of many vertebrates including humans.

Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).

A genus of flagellate intestinal EUKARYOTES parasitic in various vertebrates, including humans. Characteristics include the presence of four pairs of flagella arising from a complicated system of axonemes and cysts that are ellipsoidal to ovoidal in shape.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain triterpenoid sapogenins.

A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An acute, sometimes fatal, pneumonia-like bacterial infection characterized by high fever, malaise, muscle aches, respiratory disorders and headache. It is named for an outbreak at the 1976 Philadelphia convention of the American Legion.

Discarded animal and vegetable matter from a kitchen or the refuse from food preparation. (From Random House College Dictionary, 1982)

Gram-negative aerobic rods, isolated from surface water or thermally polluted lakes or streams. Member are pathogenic for man. Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent for LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE.

An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA LAMBLIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the causative agent of LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE. It has been isolated from numerous environmental sites as well as from human lung tissue, respiratory secretions, and blood.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that is an ingredient of Banxia Houpu (DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL).

A plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida.

Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.

A species of parasitic protozoa that infects humans and most domestic mammals. Its oocysts measure five microns in diameter. These organisms exhibit alternating cycles of sexual and asexual reproduction.

INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.

An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.

Cultivation of PLANTS; (FRUIT; VEGETABLES; MEDICINAL HERBS) on small plots of ground or in containers.

The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.

The withholding of water in a structured experimental situation.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.

The routing of water to open or closed areas where it is used for agricultural purposes.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is a source of prosopis gum.

Infection with nematodes of the genus Dracunculus. One or more worms may be seen at a time, with the legs and feet being the most commonly infected areas. Symptoms include pruritus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or asthmatic attacks.

Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Infections with bacteria of the genus LEGIONELLA.

A group of amoeboid and flagellate EUKARYOTES in the supergroup RHIZARIA. They feed by means of threadlike pseudopods.

The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.

Islands lying between southeastern North America and northern South America, enclosing the Caribbean Sea. They comprise the Greater Antilles (CUBA; DOMINICAN REPUBLIC; HAITI; JAMAICA; and PUERTO RICO), the Lesser Antilles (ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA and the other Leeward Islands, BARBADOS; MARTINIQUE and the other Windward Islands, NETHERLANDS ANTILLES; VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES, BRITISH VIRGINI ISLANDS, and the islands north of Venezuela which include TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO), and the BAHAMAS. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1330)

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

A triazine herbicide.

A supergroup (some say phylum) of ameboid EUKARYOTES, comprising ARCHAMOEBAE; LOBOSEA; and MYCETOZOA.

A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A genus of nematode parasites which inhabit the body cavity, serous membranes, and connective tissues of vertebrates. The parasitic species in humans is Dracunculus medinensis.

Liquid water present beneath the surface of the earth.

A plant genus of the family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is sometimes called chaparral but that is a generic word which is used with a number of other plants. Members contain NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC ACID.

The status of health in rural populations.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.

Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.

Living facilities for humans.

Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

Territory in north central Australia, between the states of Queensland and Western Australia. Its capital is Darwin.

A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.

The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.

Comprehensive planning for the physical development of the city.

A selective triazine herbicide. Inhalation hazard is low and there are no apparent skin manifestations or other toxicity in humans. Acutely poisoned sheep and cattle may show muscular spasms, fasciculations, stiff gait, increased respiratory rates, adrenal degeneration, and congestion of the lungs, liver, and kidneys. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed)

Large vessels propelled by power or sail used for transportation on rivers, seas, oceans, or other navigable waters. Boats are smaller vessels propelled by oars, paddles, sail, or power; they may or may not have a deck.

Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the frequency, distribution, and consequences of disease or health conditions, for use in the planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.

The nonexpendable items used by the dentist or dental staff in the performance of professional duties. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p106)

The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.

Sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. These detergent substances are obtained by boiling natural oils or fats with caustic alkali. Sodium soaps are harder and are used as topical anti-infectives and vehicles in pills and liniments; potassium soaps are soft, used as vehicles for ointments and also as topical antimicrobials.

Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.

The presence of an infectious agent on instruments, prostheses, or other inanimate articles.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs singly, in pairs, or in short chains. Its organisms are found in fresh water and sewage and are pathogenic to humans, frogs, and fish.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

Compounds that contain the Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)O- structure. Included under this heading is perchloric acid and the salts and ester forms of perchlorate.

Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.

Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Those funds disbursed for facilities and equipment, particularly those related to the delivery of health care.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.

An agency in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government. It was created as an independent regulatory agency responsible for the implementation of federal laws designed to protect the environment. Its mission is to protect human health and the ENVIRONMENT.

A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.

Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.

Calamities producing great damage, loss of life, and distress. They include results of natural phenomena and man-made phenomena. Normal conditions of existence are disrupted and the level of impact exceeds the capacity of the hazard-affected community.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.

A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)

Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The production and movement of food items from point of origin to use or consumption.

Cyclic heptapeptides found in MICROCYSTIS and other CYANOBACTERIA. Hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects have been noted. They are sometimes called cyanotoxins, which should not be confused with chemicals containing a cyano group (CN) which are toxic.

DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.

Freedom from exposure to danger and protection from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. It suggests optimal precautions in the workplace, on the street, in the home, etc., and includes personal safety as well as the safety of property.

The removal of contaminating material, such as radioactive materials, biological materials, or CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS, from a person or object.

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

The act of cleansing the hands with water or other liquid, with or without the inclusion of soap or other detergent, for the purpose of destroying infectious microorganisms.

A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.

Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.

The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Asbestos. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. It is relatively inert chemically and used in thermal insulation and fireproofing. Inhalation of dust causes asbestosis and later lung and gastrointestinal neoplasms.

An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.

The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Infections with bacteria of the genus CAMPYLOBACTER.

Determination of parasite eggs in feces.

Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Size and composition of the family.

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.

A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)

A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae. It is common in the Nile delta. The intermediate host is the planorbid snail. This parasite causes schistosomiasis mansoni and intestinal bilharziasis.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

City, urban, rural, or suburban areas which are characterized by severe economic deprivation and by accompanying physical and social decay.

Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.

Any materials used in providing care specifically in the hospital.

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

Number of individuals in a population relative to space.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Institutions with an organized medical staff which provide medical care to patients.

Any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Legionnaires' disease on a cruise ship linked to the water supply system: clinical and public health implications. (1/2621)

The occurrence of legionnaires' disease has been described previously in passengers of cruise ships, but determination of the source has been rare. A 67-year-old, male cigarette smoker with heart disease contracted legionnaires' disease during a cruise in September 1995 and died 9 days after disembarking. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from the patient's sputum and the ship's water supply. Samples from the air-conditioning system were negative. L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from the water supply matched the patient's isolate, by both monoclonal antibody subtyping and genomic fingerprinting. None of 116 crew members had significant antibody titers to L. pneumophila serogroup 1. One clinically suspected case of legionnaires' disease and one confirmed case were subsequently diagnosed among passengers cruising on the same ship in November 1995 and October 1996, respectively. This is the first documented evidence of the involvement of a water supply system in the transmission of legionella infection on ships. These cases were identified because of the presence of a unique international system of surveillance and collaboration between public health authorities. (+info)

Needs assessment following hurricane Georges--Dominican Republic, 1998. (2/2621)

Hurricane Georges struck the Carribean Islands in September 1998, causing numerous deaths and extensive damage throughout the region. The Dominican Republic was hardest hit, with approximately 300 deaths; extensive infrastructure damage; and severe agricultural losses, including staple crops of rice, plantain, and cassava. Two months after the hurricane, the American Red Cross (ARC) was asked to provide food to an estimated 170,000 families affected by the storm throughout the country. To assist in directing relief efforts, CDC performed a needs assessment to estimate the food and water availability, sanitation, and medical needs of the hurricane-affected population. This report summarizes the results of that assessment, which indicate that, 2 months after the disaster, 40% of selected families had insufficient food > or =5 days per and 28% of families reported someone in need of medical attention. (+info)

Comparison of large restriction fragments of Mycobacterium avium isolates recovered from AIDS and non-AIDS patients with those of isolates from potable water. (3/2621)

We examined potable water in Los Angeles, California, as a possible source of infection in AIDS and non-AIDS patients. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were recovered from 12 (92%) of 13 reservoirs, 45 (82%) of 55 homes, 31 (100%) of 31 commercial buildings, and 15 (100%) of 15 hospitals. Large-restriction-fragment (LRF) pattern analyses were done with AseI. The LRF patterns of Mycobacterium avium isolates recovered from potable water in three homes, two commercial buildings, one reservoir, and eight hospitals had varying degrees of relatedness to 19 clinical isolates recovered from 17 patients. The high number of M. avium isolates recovered from hospital water and their close relationship with clinical isolates suggests the potential threat of nosocomial spread. This study supports the possibility that potable water is a source for the acquisition of M. avium infections. (+info)

High-performance liquid chromatography column switching applied to the trace determination of herbicides in environmental and drinking water samples. (4/2621)

A selective and sensitive coupled-column high-performance liquid chromatographic method is developed for the simultaneous determination of 5 phenylurea herbicides (monuron, linuron, isoproturon, monolinuron, and diuron) in environmental and drinking water samples. Sample clean-up is performed automatically by means of a column switching technique. Using 2 octadecyl silica columns connected via two programmable 6-port valves and ultraviolet detection at 244 nm, the aforementioned compounds can be determined at the low concentration levels required for pesticide residue analysis in water samples. A mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol-water (55:45, v/v) is pumped at 1 mL/min. For the 5 phenylureas, high recoveries ranging from 94.9 to 101.6%, good reproducibility with relative standard deviations lower than 5%, and wide linear ranges up to 20 micrograms/L are observed with determination limits of 0.05 microgram/L. The method is successfully applied to the screening of different environmental water samples such as surface, ground, rain, and drinking water. (+info)

Tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water in Massachusetts and the risk of colon-rectum, lung, and other cancers. (5/2621)

We conducted a population-based case-control study to evaluate the relationship between cancer of the colon-rectum (n = 326), lung (n = 252), brain (n = 37), and pancreas (n = 37), and exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) from public drinking water. Subjects were exposed to PCE when it leached from the vinyl lining of drinking-water distribution pipes. Relative delivered dose of PCE was estimated using a model that took into account residential location, years of residence, water flow, and pipe characteristics. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for lung cancer were moderately elevated among subjects whose exposure level was above the 90th percentile whether or not a latent period was assumed [ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), 3.7 (1.0-11.7), 3.3 (0.6-13.4), 6.2 (1.1-31.6), and 19.3 (2.5-141.7) for 0, 5, 7, and 9 years of latency, respectively]. The adjusted ORs for colon-rectum cancer were modestly elevated among ever-exposed subjects as more years of latency were assumed [OR and CI, 1.7 (0.8-3.8) and 2.0 (0.6-5.8) for 11 and 13 years of latency, respectively]. These elevated ORs stemmed mainly from associations with rectal cancer. Adjusted ORs for rectal cancer among ever-exposed subjects were more elevated [OR and CI, 2.6 (0. 8-6.7) and 3.1 (0.7-10.9) for 11 and 13 years of latency, respectively] than were corresponding estimates for colon cancer [OR and CI, 1.3 (0.5-3.5) and 1.5 (0.3-5.8) for 11 and 13 years of latency, respectively]. These results provide evidence for an association between PCE-contaminated public drinking water and cancer of the lung and, possibly, cancer of the colon-rectum. (+info)

The role of humic substances in drinking water in Kashin-Beck disease in China. (6/2621)

We conducted in vitro and in vivo assays in a selenium-deficient system to determine if organic matter (mainly fulvic acid; FA) is involved in a free radical mechanism of action for Kashin-Beck disease. Cartilage cell culture experiments indicated that the oxy or hydroxy functional groups in FA may interfere with the cell membrane and result in enhancement of lipid peroxidation. Experiments with rats demonstrated that toxicity from FA was reduced when the hydroxy group was blocked. Induction of lipid peroxidation by FA in liver and blood of rats was similar to that exhibited by acetyl phenyl hydrazine. FA accumulated in bone and cartilage, where selenium rarely concentrates. In addition, selenium supplementation in rats' drinking water inhibited the generation of oxy-free radicals in bone. We hypothesized that FA in drinking water is an etiological factor of Kashin-Beck disease and that the mechanism of action involves the oxy and hydroxy groups in FA for the generation of free radicals. Selenium was confirmed to be a preventive factor for Kashin-Beck disease. (+info)

Eradicating guinea worm without wells: unrealized hopes of the Water Decade. (7/2621)

At the start of the United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade in the 1980s, guinea worm disease was targeted as the major indicator of the success of the Decade's efforts to promote safe water. By the late 1980s, most of the guinea worm endemic countries in Africa and South Asia had established guinea worm eradication programmes that included water supply as one of their main technical strategies. By surveying the water supply situation in Ifeloju Local Government Area (LGA) in Oyo State, Nigeria, in June 1996, as a case study, it was possible to determine the role that water supply has played in the eradication effort. Although two major agencies, the former Directorate for Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructure and UNICEF, provided hand dug and bore-hole wells respectively in many parts of the LGA, coverage of the smaller farm hamlets has been minor compared to efforts in the larger towns. This is ironic because the farm hamlets served as a reservoir for the disease in the 1980s, such that when the piped water system in the towns broke down, guinea worm was easily reintroduced into the towns. The survey of 188 ever-endemic hamlets with an estimated population of 23,556 found that 74.3% of the people still drink only pond water. Another 11.3% have wells that have become dysfunctional. Only 14.4% of this rural population has access' to functioning wells. Guinea worm was eliminated from 107 of the hamlets mainly by the use of cloth filters and chemical treatment of ponds. While this proves that it is possible to eradicate guinea worm, it fails to leave behind the legacy of reliable, safe water supplies that was the hope of the Water Decade. (+info)

Criteria for successful sanitation programmes in low income countries. (8/2621)

In the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-90), the development of a consensus on the concept of sanitation and the planning and implementation of effective and efficient sanitation programmes was not emphasized. Yet lack of good sanitation is a growing burden and environmental threat. Significant improvement of human health cannot be achieved without good environmental sanitation conditions and practices. A consensus on what makes a sanitation programme successful can help to conserve limited funds and spend those available more wisely. It will also help to reduce the increasing flows of waste poisoning precious sources of drinking water. This article was written to stimulate discussion on what attributes can be taken as characteristic of good environmental sanitation programmes, and on which indicators can be used to assess those attributes in actual sanitation programmes. (+info)

Drainage and water supply[edit]. Not only does a section of the Rhine-Weser watershed run over the Vogelsberg, but also (within ... 4 Drainage and water supply *4.1 Rivers and streams *4.1.1 The most important rivers systematically ... The Upper Hessian Water Companies (Oberhessischen Versorgungsbetriebe AG, OVAG) are the largest water suppliers in the ... Groundwater and spring water from the Vogelsberg, along with water from the dem Spessart hills and Hessian Ried provides ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogelsberg

Irrigation and drinking water supply[edit]. The primary applications of qanats are for irrigation, providing cattle with water ... History of water supply and sanitation - The history of providing clean water and safe sanitation systems since the dawn of ... The source of water is a surface water body. The karez has been constructed right below the bed of lake. The lake water seeps ... the water is drawn to the surface via water wells or animal driven Persian wells. Private subterranean reservoirs could supply ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanat

Water supply[edit]. Chelsea Waterworks, 1752. Two Newcomen beam engines pumped Thames water from a canal to reservoirs at Green ... Blake, Nelson M. Water for the Cities: A History of the Urban Water Supply Problem in the US (1956). ... Environmental history of water: global views on community water supply and sanitation (IWA Publishing, 2007) ... The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_collection_and_disposal

Water supply[edit]. Around 60% of the Liffey's flow is abstracted for drinking water and to supply industry. Much of this makes ... The river supplies much of Dublin's water and a range of recreational activities.[1] ... Flow Liffey waters, flow gently to the sea. Flow Liffey waters flow, and sing and dance for me. ... I]s Guinness made with water from the River Liffey? [..] No. While [..] situated on the banks of the River Liffey [..] the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Liffey

Water supply[edit]. Potable water is scarce on the peninsula. Presently, water is pumped several hundred kilometres from the ... Shortfalls in existing rail, power and water supply infrastructure continue to hamper new project development.[citation needed] ... SA Water has investigated potential locations for seawater desalination plants to address future water security problems. As of ... Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 27 December 2016.. *^ "Shipwrecks and sea rescue: Shipwrecks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyre_Peninsula

Water supply and food production[edit]. Use of water for public water supply in the Sava River basin is estimated at ... generally used for public water supply of potable water, as a source of water for industrial use, but also as the mainstay of ... but they are also used as supply of drinking water, industrial water source, for irrigation and food production.[26] ... At the time the picture was taken, the water level started subsiding and was at 287 cm.[36] The trees in the water indicate the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sava_

Since 1973 Plymouth has been supplied water by South West Water. Prior to the 1973 take over it was supplied by Plymouth County ... The South West Water Authority Constitution Order 1973 (1973 No. 1307) *^ Moseley, Brian (14 January 2013). "Water Supply to ... It was originally designed to carry water to Devonport town but has since been shortened and now carries water to Burrator ... "Water Supply to Plymouth Dock/Devonport". The Encyclopaedia of Plymouth History. Plymouth Data. Archived from the original on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth

... modelling several national water-supply scenarios for 2030. It determined that sourcing water supply by seawater desalination ... pipeline to connect the plant to Melbourne's water supply system, and power supply infrastructure for the plant. ... Your Water Your Say v Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts[edit]. Your Water Your Say (YWYS) opposed the ... Melbourne Water, Annual inflow chart *^ "Answers to your questions on storage levels". Melbourne Water. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonthaggi_desalination_plant

Water. Wellington's first piped water supply came from a spring in 1867.[138] Greater Wellington Regional Council now supplies ... "Our water history - on tap Water supply in the Wellington region 1867-2006" (PDF). WRC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 ... "Bulk water supply - live , Greater Wellington Regional Council". www.gw.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 16 May 2016. ... Today, Wellington is supplied from nine Transpower substations, however the design of the transmission system means that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellington

Drinking Water Supply Project *^ a b Sri Sathya Sai Baba Organization in Canada - Organizational Structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Organisation

"U. S. Geologic Water Supply.. *^ "California Historical Landmark: Ventura County". Office of Historic Preservation. California ... was under water.[10] The water flooding the Central Valley reached depths up to 30 feet (9.1 m), completely submerging ... it swept away most of the mining boomtown of Gila City along with a supply of hay being gathered there to supply the planned ... Flood waters were so high that at Oregon City at the flood's crest on December 5, the steamer St. Clair was able to run the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1862

The term "water" in the acronym WASH is generally understood to refer to water supply only, not e.g. to integrated water ... Further information: History of water supply and sanitation. The history of water supply and sanitation in general is the topic ... international organizations active in the area of water supply and sanitation advocacy, such as the Water Supply and Sanitation ... UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking Water (2014). Investing in Water and Sanitation: Increasing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WASH

"Water sources and water supply" (PDF). rainwaterharvesting.org. 2005. p. 2. Retrieved 20 January 2012. Sreoshi Singh (2010). " ... This natural feature has facilitated water supply by gravity. Elevation within city varies between 672mts in Banjara Hills and ... The river water downstream to city is highly polluted. Hyderabad, the capital of Indian state of Telangana, is located in the ... the Hyderabad houses 140 large and small size lakes in and around its neighborhood and As of 1996, there are 834 water tanks of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Hyderabad

See also: History of water supply and sanitation. Ancient Roman baths in Bath, England ... Swimming pools most commonly use chlorinated water or salt water and may be heated or unheated. ... This is an effort to conserve water, as much water evaporates and transpires. ... the water appears to fall into an ocean, lake, bay, or other similar body of water. The illusion is most effective whenever ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool

Low levels of methane in drinking water are not considered toxic. When methane seeps into a water supply, it is commonly ... Association, American Water Works (2003). Water Sources. American Water Works Association. ISBN 9781583212295.. ... Water may be pumped or hand drawn. Impurities from the surface can easily reach shallow sources and contamination of the supply ... Shallow pumping wells can often supply drinking water at a very low cost. However, impurities from the surface easily reach ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village_Pump

Water purification supplies.. *Cooking supplies.[22]. *Multivitamin. *A first aid kit.[23] ... Enough food and water to last for at least 72 hours. This includes: *Water for washing, drinking and cooking. Canada recommends ... "Emergency Supply List" (PDF). FEMA.. *. "Emergency Survival Guide" (PDF). Los Angeles County. Archived from the original (PDF) ... "Disaster Supplies Kit- Canadian Red Cross". GadgetBackpack.com. Redcross.ca. 2007-05-03. Archived from the original on 2018-05- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug_out_bag

Sawyer, Clair N.; Ryckman, Devere W. (1957). "Anionic Synthetic Detergents and Water Supply Problems". American Water Works ... Compared to traditional soaps BAS offered superior tolerance to hard water and better foaming.[5] However, the highly branched ... due to it being less affected by hard water.[12] Within LAS itself the detergency of the various isomers are fairly similar,[13 ... and contamination of drinking water.[8] As such BAS was phased out of most detergent products during the 1960s, being replaced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_dodecylbenzenesulfonate

U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper. 338. U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.3133/wsp338.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendenhall_Springs,_California

Water Supply, sanitation and health care have been fully addressed.. Water supply and sanitation. Service-oriented municipal ... Access to potable water is available to 90% of the population in Thimphu, though water supply is intermittent, attributed to ... Thimphu Municipal Corporation (TMC) is the service organization that has the mandate for executing urban water supply and ... particularly water supply, solid waste, sewerage and parking.[75][76]. Civic amenities. Thimphu metropolitan area has all the ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/تیمفو?match=en

... will profoundly affect water supply from these catchments. Increased re-afforestation in cleared catchments also has the ... Changes in precipitation and consequent water management problems will further exacerbate Australia's current water ... and existing pressures on water supply. The continent's high fire risk increases this susceptibility to change in temperature ... Water Research Foundation of Australia; 1975 symposium: the 1973-4 floods in rural and urban communities; seminar held in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_in_Australia

... Department Of Municipal Administration And Water Supply, Historical Moments Archived 24 March 2009 at the Wayback ... Kodaikanal Department Of Municipal Administration And Water Supply. Archived from the original on 16 March 2010. Retrieved 23 ... Kaveri River water dispute *2018 Tamil Nadu protests for Kaveri water sharing ... Water lilies in the park's pond are another pleasing sight. The town abounds in beautiful yellow wild flowers.[11] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodaikanal

Two bore holes have also been installed to supply the 2000+ villagers with clean water. Further development is to come in the ... The lack of clean water has led to regular cholera outbreaks, long eradicated in the western world but still a killer in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Zambia

... the same is true of water supply piping.[22][23] ... Willow water, using the rooting hormone indolebutyric acid from ... The Goddess employs this mysterious water and the branch for putting demons to flight. Taoist witches also use a small carving ... she is often shown seated on a rock with a willow branch in a vase of water at her side. ... "Yield and spatial supply of bioenergy poplar and willow short-rotation coppice in the UK". New Phytologist. 178 (2): 358-370. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow

Salt water was used to minimise the use of fresh water supplies.[1] ... Aird, W. V. (1961). The Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage of Sydney. M.W.S.&D.B.. ... The Tank Stream was the fresh water supply for the fledgling colony of New South Wales in the late 18th century. Today it is ... This sewer (and possibly stormwater) network had the effect of draining the swamp area that had previously supplied some water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank_Stream

... water supply and treatment plants, and protection or relocation of solid waste management and power generation facilities. ... "Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment". Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Retrieved 8 ... Changes in precipitation and consequent water management problems will further exacerbate Australia's current water ... will profoundly affect water supply from these catchments. Increased re-afforestation in cleared catchments also has the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming_on_Australia

Brattleboro's electricity is supplied by Green Mountain Power.[109] Brattleboro's surface water supply is the Pleasant Valley ... Water Supply, Public Works Department, Town of Brattleboro, VT. Retrieved June 28, 2015. ... utilizing waters from a spring near the current downtown fire station. Until the water cure closed in 1871, the town was widely ... "in Fowlers and Wells' Water-Cure Library: Embracing all the most popular works on the subject. Vol. 2 of 7. New York: Fowlers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brattleboro,_Vermont

Sathyabama has a reverse osmosis plant for water supply. It has around 125 classrooms with separate blocks for labs and ... Centre for Water Research, Centre for Laboratory Animal Research, Centre for Advanced Electronic Test Engineering, Centre for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sathyabama_University

Brattleboro's electricity is supplied by Green Mountain Power.[107] Brattleboro's surface water supply is the Pleasant Valley ... Water Supply, Public Works Department, Town of Brattleboro, VT. Retrieved June 28, 2015. ... Robert Wesselhoeft; this was the third 'water cure' establishment in the country, utilizing waters from a spring near the ... Nichols, Mary S. Gove (1855). "Experience in the Water Cure: A familiar exposition of the Principles and Results of Water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brattleboro

Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWS&SB). Autonomous Bodies. *Public Service Commission(TSPSC) ... Farmers in Telangana mainly depend on rain-fed water sources for irrigation. Rice is the major food crop. Other important crops ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telangana

In the late 19th century, Mexico City had outgrown its traditional water supplies and began to take water from the springs and ... In the 1920s, Xochimilco lost control of most of its water supply, taken by the city for its needs.[34] The urban sprawl of ... One major reason for this is the poor quality of the area's water supply.[9][34] Xochimilco has four major markets dedicated to ... National Research Council Staff (1995). Mexico City's Water Supply : Improving the Outlook for Sustainability. Washington, DC: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xochimilco

naval supplies and transport. fleet support hq. naval support command. *Office of the Chief of Naval Supplies and Transport ... Under Water Weapons Research and Development Directorate. *Weapons Equipment Surface Directorate. *Ship Department *Deputy ... Director of Supplies and Transport (Management and Administration). *Director of Supplies and Transport (General and ... naval supplies and transport. fleet support hq. naval support command. *Assistant Chief of Fleet Support *Director of Naval ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commander_Operations_

"Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on February 4, 2007. ... Supply, Car Son Bay LP, Memorial NW Pavilion Trust, Camden Property Trust, and LCY Elastomers LP. ... Other occupants include Exel, S&B Engineers, National Oilwell, GE Water, TMK-IPSCO, Century Asphalt, Samson Controls, and LS ... This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties ±water surface only; land in adjacent county ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baytown,_Texas

In contrast, prices in the US and the UK have recently skyrocketed, then fallen as a result of changes in supply and storage.[ ... One of the risks of LNG is a rapid phase transition explosion (RPT), which occurs when cold LNG comes into contact with water.[ ... "Global LNG Will new demand and new supply mean new pricing?" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2015. ... Transportation and supply is an important aspect of the gas business, since natural gas reserves are normally quite distant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas

Water supply and sanitation. Culture. *Architecture. *Cinema. *Cuisine. *Languages. *Literature. *Media. *Music ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Singapore

The device pumps the water back into its own supply tank.[23][24] ... Fludd's machine worked by recirculation by means of a water wheel and Archimedean screw. ... which finally brought forth the waters. This last element was also called the Spirit of the Lord, and it made up the passive ... Salt and Mercury-eventually derived from Chaos and Light interacting to create variations of the waters, or Spirit. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fludd

... the part that functions as energy supply results in the production of nutrients (and carbon dioxide, water, and heat). ... Spellman, Frank R. (2008). The Science of Water: Concepts and Applications. CRC Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-4200-5544-3.. ... Spellman, Frank R. (2008). The Science of Water: Concepts and Applications. CRC Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-4200-5544-3.. ... These polymers have a dual role as supplies of energy as well as building blocks; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

"Rescue at Water's Edge: The U.S. Merchant Marine Response to 9/11". Retrieved September 15, 2012.. ... Many graduates were involved in the transportation of supplies during the buildup to the war in 2003. Many graduates in the U.S ... both academy graduates and midshipmen played important roles in the large sealift of military supplies to the Middle East. ... assisted in the evacuation of civilians from Lower Manhattan as well as the transportation of first responders and supplies to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy

Supply[edit]. Merck did not have enough time to prepare enough drugs to distribute for all those who were infected. 650,000 to ... In both cases, the drugs must be taken with plenty of water one or two hours after a meal. It is recommended that users drink ... This situation of limited supply caused a lot of activists to be angry at the fact that they were selling in such limited ... Because of its limited supply, Merck decided to adopt a single distributor system in which they would send indinavir to only ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

Water supply and sanitation. *Welfare. *Youth. Culture. *Arts. *Animation. *Carnaval. *Cinema. *Comics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planalto_Central

Despite these changes, there are only a few chain stores in the community (Rite Aid, Tractor Supply Company); residents do ... Water. 0 sq mi (0 km2) 0%. Elevation. [2]. 1,312 ft (400 m). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_Center,_California

Tilling may destroy crucial physical characteristics of a soil such as water suction, its ability to send moisture upwards, ... one that demands no human-supplied inputs and mimics nature.[6] ... Fukuoka claimed that his approach prevents water pollution, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_farming

Using bell-jars over water Mayow showed that the active substance that we today call oxygen constitutes about a fifth part of ... In combustion the particulae nitro-aereae - either pre-existent in the thing consumed or supplied by the air - combined with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mayow

Each Tuesday, people celebrate the day of one of the four elements - water, fire, earth and wind.[130] On the holiday eve, the ... Because of the house visits, you make sure you have a sufficient supply of pastry, cookies, fresh and dried fruits and mixed ... On the day of Sizdah bedar, the greenery grown for the Haft Seen setting is thrown away, particularly into a running water. It ... Nawrız koje (Kazakhs): A traditional New Year's Day dish of the Kazakh people, which includes water, meat, salt, flour, grain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norouz

The element is known to damage cell membranes of water animals, causing several negative influences on reproduction and on the ... and undoubtedly possessed the largest supply of lutetium at the time.[25] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_3_element

... water, or ammonia, or into molecules that bind to receptors or other sites of drug action. Such labelled compounds are known as ... and most clinical PET is supported by third-party suppliers of radiotracers that can supply many sites simultaneously. This ... as rollout of radiopharmacies to supply radioisotopes has grown 30%/year.[59] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_scan

... which supplies water for photosynthesis, and phloem, which transports the sugars produced by photosynthesis. Many leaves are ... It is covered with a waxy cuticle which is impermeable to liquid water and water vapor and forms the boundary separating the ... Cells that bring water and minerals from the roots into the leaf.. Phloem. Cells that usually move sap, with dissolved sucrose( ... The leaves draw water from the ground in the transpiration stream through a vascular conducting system known as xylem and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

Spread of EBOV by water, or food other than bushmeat, has not been observed.[59][60] No spread by mosquitos or other insects ... which included protective clothing as well as chlorine powder and other cleaning supplies.[113] Education of caregivers in ... Some health-care centres caring for people with the disease do not have running water.[73] In the United States the spread to ... drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.[1] Atoltivimab/ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

The ideal location for hunting mallards is considered to be where the water level is somewhat shallow where the birds can be ... but the bill of ducks is supplied with a few blood vessels to prevent heat loss,[42] and, as in the Greenland mallard, the bill ... Water depths of less than 0.9 metres (3.0 ft) are preferred, with birds avoiding areas more than a few metres deep.[60] They ... eat water plants and small animals, and are social animals preferring to congregate in groups or flocks of varying sizes. This ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallard

The Lower Paleolithic Homo erectus possibly invented rafts (c. 840,000 - c. 800,000 BP) to travel over large bodies of water, ... which provided a hedge against starvation and a more abundant food supply.[38][39] Thanks to their technology and their ... Goebel, Ted; Waters, Michael R.; O'Rourke, Dennis H. (2008-03-14). "The Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the ... warm water spreading from the west Pacific and the Indian Ocean to the east Pacific, and other El Niño markers.[15] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic

The ASEA Brown Boveri (ABB) 5SNA2400E170100 ,[82] intended for three-phase power supplies, houses three n-p-n IGBTs in a case ... Nanofluidic transistor, controls the movement of ions through sub-microscopic, water-filled channels.[87] ... The first discrete-transistor audio amplifiers barely supplied a few hundred milliwatts, but power and audio fidelity gradually ... Manufacturers buying large numbers of similar parts may have them supplied with "house numbers", identifying a particular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_transistor

History of water supply and sanitation. *Sanitation. *Sewage treatment. *World Toilet Day ... They argue that this is an issue with respect to the human right to water and sanitation and also from the perspective of the ... In both developed and developing countries, many of the organizations active in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) provision ... Violence, gender & WASH: A practitioner's toolkit- Making water, sanitation and hygiene safer through improved programming and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unisex_public_toilet

JEL: Q21 - Demand and Supply. JEL: Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture. JEL: Q23 - Forestry. JEL: Q24 - Land. JEL: Q25 - Water. JEL: Q26 ... JEL: Q41 - Demand and Supply. JEL: Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources. JEL: Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy. JEL: Q48 - ... JEL: E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money multipliers. JEL: E52 - Política monetária. JEL: E58 - Bancos Centrais e suas Políticas ... JEL: Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices. JEL: Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm ...

https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Códigos_de_classificação_JEL

Candidiasis secondary to the use of inhaled steroids may be treated by rinsing out the mouth with water after taking the ... an infants antibodies to the fungus are normally supplied by the mother's breast milk. Other forms of immunodeficiency which ... or to microwave the dentures in 200mL water for 3 minutes at 650 watts. Antifungal medication can also be applied to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

The ancient Romans also had a complex system of aqueducts,[52] which were used to transport water across long distances.[52] ... The advancements in technology in this era allowed a more steady supply of food, followed by the wider availability of consumer ... The ancient Sumerians in Mesopotamia used a complex system of canals and levees to divert water from the Tigris and Euphrates ... This adult gorilla uses a branch as a walking stick to gauge the water's depth, an example of technology usage by non-human ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological

Renewables Supply 14 Pct of German Power - Industry [online]. Reuters, January 9, 2008, [cit. 2008-01-17]. Dostupné online. ... Water Density Calculator [online]. CSG, Computer Support Group, Inc. and CSGNetwork.Com, Copyright© 1973-2007, [cit. 2007-09-17 ... Renewables in global energy supply: An IEA facts sheet [online]. International Energy Agency (IEA). Dostupné online. ...

https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obnoviteľný_zdroj_energie

... in water at 20⁰C.[38] Water flow over the gills correlates with locomotion, and an octopus can propel its body when it expels ... This is likely the result of abundant food supplies combined with limited den sites.[67] Octopuses hide in dens, which are ... The cirrate species are often free-swimming and live in deep-water habitats.[32] No species are known to live in fresh water.[ ... Lee, Henry (1875). "V: The octopus out of water". Aquarium Notes - The Octopus; or, the "devil-fish" of fiction and of fact. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

Water[edit]. Water is one of the important ingredients for making sake. It is involved in almost every major process of sake ... Maturation is caused by physical and chemical factors such as oxygen supply, the broad application of external heat, nitrogen ... While soft water will typically yield sweeter sake, hard water with a higher nutrient content is known for producing drier- ... The first region known for having great water was the Nada-Gogō in Hyōgo Prefecture. A particular water source called "Miyamizu ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sake

Vehicles, equipment and supplies that were needed at Tegel until the final moments would have been transported to BER during ... "FTI is expanding its hot water capacity with a new charter airline". airliners.de. 28 August 2019.. ... Also known since 2012 were problems with the cable ducts: 700 km of cable needed to be replaced due to water overflow within ... "BER kämpft jetzt mit zu dünnen Wasserrohren und defekten Türen" [BER battles thin water pipes and defective doors].. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport

... the Lenape supplied the Continental Army with warriors and scouts in exchange for food supplies and security. ... Living in Water, Nool-a-mar-lar'-mo. *Root Digger, Muh-krent-har'-ne ... In 1761, Killbuck led an English supply train from Fort Pitt to Fort Sandusky. The British paid him one dollar per day. Later ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Lenape

They form over water similarly to mesocyclonic tornadoes, or are stronger tornadoes which cross over water. Since they form ... As the RFD completely wraps around and chokes off the tornado's air supply, the vortex begins to weaken, and become thin and ... The phenomenon can occur over water, when cold arctic air passes over relatively warm water.[24] ... While traveling over a body of water (as a waterspout), tornadoes can turn white or even blue. Slow-moving funnels, which ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadoes

A water supply network or water supply system is a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components that provide water ... Incorporating innovative water technologies into water supply systems improves water supply from sustainable perspectives. The ... Water storage facilities such as reservoirs, water tanks, or water towers. Smaller water systems may store the water in ... Water demand exceeds supply, and household and industrial water supplies are prioritised over other uses, which leads to water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_network

... * 1.  Removing dissolved minerals from seawater, brackish groundwater, or treated wastewater - ... 3.  Water for agriculture accounts to over 90% of water use in India (Royal Academy of Engg 2012) By 2030, 2/3rds of the ... Mohamed Elshora , Water Desalination Specialist & Water Treatment Technical Specialist at NOMAC - ACWA POWER. Looking for a new ... It filters impurities by streaming the water between two charged electrodes. The electrodes attract ions in the water, which ...

https://www.slideshare.net/priyarraj/desalination-for-water-supply

The project will help increase access to water in selected urban areas and increase the efficiency of the State Water Utility ... The project will help increase access to water in selected urban areas and increase the efficiency of the State Water Utility ...

https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/loans-credits/2016/02/25/drc-urban-water-supply

... the eighth annual International Sailboat Show at Watson Island will have more than 100 sailboats on display in the water and on ...

https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1995-02-16-9502150783-story.html

Community Water Supply oversees the primary EPA program that sets forth minimum standards for safe drinking water as well as ... This program includes approximately 1,480 communities water supply. The programs primary function is regulatory oversight of ... administering the requirements of Michigans Safe Drinking Water Act. ... Community Water Supply. Community Water Supply. *. The Community Water Supply Program oversees the primary EPA program that ...

https://www.michigan.gov/egle/0,9429,7-135-3313_3675_3691---,00.html

A Noncommunity Water Supply is a water system that provides water for drinking or potable purposes to 25 or more persons at ... Noncommunity Water Supply. Noncommunity Water Supply. *. A Noncommunity Water Supply is a water system that provides water for ... EGLE contracts with local health departments to maintain a noncommunity water supply program in each county. Noncommunity water ... Michigan is home to nearly 9,500 noncommunity water supply systems, which includes schools, restaurants, motels, campgrounds, ...

https://www.michigan.gov/egle/0,9429,7-135-3313_3675_3692---,00.html

... from meeting the water targets in the Millennium Development Goals to complying with increasingly stringent environmental ... Countries the world over face mounting challenges in providing safe and affordable drinking water and sanitation services - ... water and natural resource managementDrinking Water Supply and Sanitation Biodiversity, water and natural resource management. ... Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation. Countries the world over face mounting challenges in providing safe and affordable ...

http://www.oecd.org/env/resources/drinkingwatersupplyandsanitation.htm

... piped water supply.[2] Even those with access to an improved water source often do not receive safe water. Also, they do not ... because piped water supply is intermittent or wells run dry. Those without access to an improved water source fetch water from ... provide support for water supply in Wau and Malakal. The MDTF supports rural water supply.[3] ... Water supply in Southern Sudan is faced with numerous challenges. Although the White Nile runs through the country, water is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_in_South_Sudan

... have been distributed to residents of a southwestern Michigan city after contaminants were found in its municipal water supply ... Michigan city facing contaminated water supply. More than 3,000 cases of bottled water have been distributed to residents of a ... Michigan city facing contaminated water supply More than 3,000 cases of bottled water have been distributed to residents of a ... southwestern Michigan city after contaminants were found in its municipal water supply. (July 27) Check out this story on ...

https://www.usatoday.com/videos/news/nation/2018/07/27/michigan-city-facing-contaminated-water-supply/37155453/

Non-revenue water Right to water Water conflict Water efficiency Water scarcity Water supply network Water supply terrorism ... see Water supply and sanitation in Mexico). In England and Wales, water supply and sewerage is supplied almost entirely through ... Water supply is a separate topic from irrigation, the practice and systems of water supply on a larger scale, for a wider ... Water quality is also dependant of the quality and level of pollution of the water source. Continuity of water supply is taken ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply

AusAID-funded fresh water supply in PNG village, 2011. Photo- Michael Wightman, AusAID (10673027234).jpg 3,744 × 5,616；5.19 MB ... A close up shot of Louis Downing checking the safety of the water supply. (10661646753).jpg 3,872 × 2,592；1.68 MB. ... Fountain of the Gate of the Chain - Bab es Silsileh, supplied with water from Solomons Pools (NYPL b10607452-80283).jpg 4,321 ... Fountain of the Gate of the Chain - Bab es Silsileh, supplied with water from Solomons Pools (NYPL b10607452-80283).tiff 4,321 ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Water_supply?uselang=zh-hans

...  Including water meters in buildings Pipelines and its parts for external water conveyance ... Measurement of water flow in fully charged closed conduits -- Meters for cold potable water and hot water -- Part 3: Test ... Measurement of water flow in fully charged closed conduits -- Meters for cold potable water and hot water -- Part 1: ... Measurement of water flow in fully charged closed conduits -- Meters for cold potable water and hot water -- Part 2: ...

https://www.iso.org/ics/91.140.60/x/

A simple test could have alerted officials that the drinking water at Camp Lejeune was contaminated, long before authorities ... "The water supply should be obtained from the most desirable sources which is feasible, and effort should be made to prevent or ... "That was a state regulation ... that they had to maintain a sanitary water supply," he said. "And they did a good job at that." ... "And Id cut the water on and let it run, just go and flush the commodes and cut the water on and let it run for several minutes ...

https://www.yahoo.com/news/victims-marines-failed-safeguard-water-supply-135139535.html?.tsrc=samsungwn&ref=gs

MORRISTOWNS WATER SUPPLY. Order Reprints, Todays Paper,Subscribe ...

https://www.nytimes.com/1879/12/18/archives/morristowns-water-supply.html

Full text is unavailable for this digitized archive article. Subscribers may view the full text of this article in its original form through TimesMachine ...

https://www.nytimes.com/1882/05/05/archives/bayonnes-water-supply.html

PRWEB) June 18, 2013 -- The total water usage by the United States of America is 410,000 million gallons per day. Water drawn ... The total water usage by the United States of America is 410,000 million gallons per day. Water drawn by Public Supply accounts ... "Water and the Economy"SureAqua attempt to pinpoint the role Public Water Supply plays in the running of the United Stated ... How Water Fuels Your World was previously released last, with part three of the series, Water and the Economy: Public Supply ...

http://www.prweb.com/releases/sureaqua/publicwatersupply/prweb10843777.htm

... and sustainability of water supply and sanitation services to 1.7 million people living in 20 rayons across the country. ... Project Description: The project aims to increase the efficiency, quality, and sustainability of water supply and sanitation ... The project consists of three components: (a) Project Implementation and Management, (b) Rehabilitation of Water Supply and ...

https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/loans-credits/2008/09/30/belarus-water-supply-and-sanitation-project

This form is for use by individuals not served by a public water system experiencing problems with their water supply and ... This information is intended to inform and coordinate state response to mitigate drought impacts on household water supplies. ... As part of our emergency response efforts to the drought, we are gathering information relating to private well water ...

https://web.archive.org/web/20161118040923/http:/mydrywatersupply.water.ca.gov/report/

Fillmore residents to boil water before drinking it after detecting evidence of unhealthful bacteria in the water supply of the ... serve bottled water and use canned soda rather than fountains connected to the citys drinking water supply. ... Fillmore residents to boil water before drinking it after detecting evidence of unhealthful bacteria in the water supply of the ... "If the boil water order goes out, well take more definitive action and extend [the ban] to coffee machines and dishwashers and ...

http://articles.latimes.com/1998/jul/08/local/me-1713

... water bureaucrats have kept a close eye on drought-depleted dams as the flames encroached within kilometres of critical assets. ... Water bureaucrats have also been working around the clock to protect water supply assets from flames that came within ... There were two risks to water supply, said Professor Khan, an expert on water contamination. The first was that fire would ... Our assets across the state remain intact and are still supplying water to towns affected by these severe fires, Ms Pavey said ...

https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/nsw-water-agencies-working-around-the-clock-20191223-p53mhc.html

Southeastern Indiana Water Supply Studies. Southeastern Indiana Water Supply Studies. In an effort to promote sustainable water ... Prior Water Initiatives *Indiana Storm Water Infrastructure Needs *Water Supply Potential of the Charlestown State Park Aquifer ... The study was proposed in response to Senate Enrolled Act 416 and will assess the regions current water supply, future demand ... IFA issued final findings on the Southeastern Indiana Water Supply Study on January 12, 2018. The final report can be found ...

https://www.in.gov/ifa/2966.htm

Scientific American is the essential guide to the most awe-inspiring advances in science and technology, explaining how they change our understanding of the world and shape our lives.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/water-supply-and-hydrants/?error=cookies_not_supported&code=186f5cbf-4c8a-46f3-85a0-7a8772b974fd

Two bills designed to protect California drinking water supplies from contamination by the residue of Cold War rockets and ... of its water supply when two wells had to be closed. Voluntary water conservation programs were ordered. ... Polluters Must Supply Clean Water. Davis signs two bills that require dischargers of Cold War-era chemical perchlorate to ... SACRAMENTO - Two bills designed to protect California drinking water supplies from contamination by the residue of Cold War ...

http://articles.latimes.com/2003/sep/30/local/me-perchlorate30

AN oil pipe leak is being blamed for excessive levels of the toxic chemical benzene in the tap water of one of Chinas key ... Oil leak taints Lanzhou water supply. AN oil pipe leak is being blamed for excessive levels of the toxic chemical benzene in ... had a leak that tainted the source water feeding a local water plant in the northwestern city of Lanzhou. ... AN oil pipe leak is being blamed for excessive levels of the toxic chemical benzene in the tap water of one of Chinas key ...

http://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/oil-leak-taints-lanzhou-water-supply/news-story/70d2daf7fa5239bc35835a133e33ef9b?from=public_rss

A qanāt taps underground mountain water sources trapped in and beneath the upper reaches of alluvial fans and channels the ... water downhill through a series of gently sloping tunnels, often several ... ancient type of water-supply system, developed and still used in arid regions of the world. ... development of water supply systems* In water supply system: Developments in supply systems ...

https://www.britannica.com/technology/qanat

Water Accessibility: How to provide and monitor efficient 24/7 water supply in all parts of Mumbai by improving the water ... White Paper on Water Supply in Mumbai. You will find the deliverables of our Mumbai Summit here in our White Paper on Water ... content/basf/www/no/en/who-we-are/innovation/our-way-to-innovations/creator-space/challenges/Water-Supply-in-Mumbai.html ... content/basf/www/no/en/who-we-are/innovation/our-way-to-innovations/creator-space/challenges/Water-Supply-in-Mumbai.html ...

https://www.basf.com/no/en/who-we-are/innovation/our-way-to-innovations/creator-space/challenges/Water-Supply-in-Mumbai.html

3 million for expansion of the water supply network to rural areas of the Gradacac Municipality in the north eastern part of ... Currently, 45 per cent of the population is connected to the water supply system. The water distribution network is old and ... Through the implementation of the PIP, the reliability of the water supply services will be significantly improved and water ... The land ownership of the well field sites and water supplies is complex. The Bank is therefore appointing independent experts ...

https://www.ebrd.com/work-with-us/projects/psd/gradacac-water-supply-project.html

Water for health : taking charge World Health Organization. Water, Sanitation and Health Team (‎WHO/WSH/WWD/01.1, 2001)‎ ... water shopkeepers and preschool administrators about drinking water sources, treatment methods and the population served. Water ... We aimed to characterize drinking water sources and contamination at Shatila and determine how drinking water can be managed to ... Drinking water system treatment and contamination in Shatila refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon Khoury, S.; Graczyk, T.; Burnham ...

http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/89268

A supply of water; specifically, water collected, as in reservoirs, and conveyed, as by pipes, for use in a city, mill, o... ... Wa"ter sup*ply" (?). A supply of water; specifically, water collected, as in reservoirs, and conveyed, as by pipes, for use in ...

https://everything2.com/title/Water+supply

A raw water collection point (above or below ground) where the water accumulates, such as a lake , a river , or groundwater from an underground aquifer . (wikipedia.org)
Raw water (untreated) is collected from a surface water source (such as an intake on a lake or a river ) or from a groundwater source (such as a water well drawing from an underground aquifer ) within the watershed that provides the water resource . (wikipedia.org)
Groundwater is an important source of water supply for people and livestock, especially during the dry season. (wikipedia.org)
Perchlorate, a remnant of the Cold War era of weapons development in the 1950s and early 1960s, is considered by scientists to be a serious threat to public health when its subsurface plumes find their way into wells and other groundwater supplies. (latimes.com)
Private water supplies in Tennessee are usually a groundwater well or a spring. (tn.gov)
Groundwater tends to be of better quality than surface water. (tn.gov)
With few exceptions, surface water and groundwater sources should be presumed to have bacterial contamination and should be disinfected. (tn.gov)
The Iowa DNR Private Well web pages will provide you with basic information about water supply wells, water testing, and groundwater. (iowadnr.gov)
Drilled wells are normally designed to obtain water from aquifers in geological settings that offer greater protection from surface water and shallow groundwater. (iowadnr.gov)
If a Groundwater Management Area has been designated in your area, partner with DNR and neighboring water users to use water in accordance with the approved plan. (metrocouncil.org)
About6-8 MGD water is supplied by the various water stations extracting groundwater. (hindustantimes.com)
The Earth is covered in water, but more than 97 percent of it is seawater or brackish groundwater and cannot be drunk or used for irrigation. (reuters.com)
As municipalities across the United States reduce their dependence on groundwater sources to mitigate environmental impacts like subsidence and flooding, there is a growing need for better purification processes to keep contaminants found in surface water sources out of the public tap. (uh.edu)
Water supply systems get water from a variety of locations after appropriate treatment, including groundwater (aquifers), surface water (lakes and rivers), and the sea through desalination. (wikipedia.org)
A water supply system typically includes the following: A drainage basin (see water purification - sources of drinking water) A raw water collection point (above or below ground) where the water accumulates, such as a lake, a river, or groundwater from an underground aquifer. (wikipedia.org)

Biochemist Michael Hargett agrees that CCE, while imperfect, would have been enough to prompt more specific testing in what is now recognized as the worst documented case of drinking-water contamination in the nation's history. (yahoo.com)
To dilute the contamination at urban water sources, the Fengman and Nierji hydroelectric power plants on the upper reaches of the Songhua River also increased their water discharge volume into the river to 1,000 cubic meters per second and 120 cubic meters per second, respectively, enabling an early start on water treatment for the city. (worldwatch.org)
There were two risks to water supply, said Professor Khan, an expert on water contamination. (smh.com.au)
SACRAMENTO - Two bills designed to protect California drinking water supplies from contamination by the residue of Cold War rockets and other military munitions were signed Monday by Gov. Gray Davis. (latimes.com)
Although it has been discovered at various spots around the state where defense contractors once produced weapons, perchlorate contamination is an especially ugly problem in the San Bernardino County city of Rialto, which recently lost 40% of its water supply when two wells had to be closed. (latimes.com)
Davis said in a statement that, unless swiftly controlled, contamination by perchlorate "could make much of the state's water undrinkable. (latimes.com)
We aimed to characterize drinking water sources and contamination at Shatila and determine how drinking water can be managed to reduce community health burdens. (who.int)
Researchers also tested the water to determine the potential sources of lithium contamination. (reuters.com)
Contamination from lithium ion batteries might come from waste waters released at industrial sites, incineration systems, illegal landfills or storage of old batteries, Vigier said. (reuters.com)
Well water should also be tested for chemical contamination every two years including nitrates and metals. (tn.gov)
When planning to install a new water well, the location should be a safe distance from potential sources of contamination. (tn.gov)
This means protecting your well head area from sources of contamination, never dumping anything on the ground that is hazardous, inspecting and maintaining your well to minimize unnecessary problems, and routinely sampling your well water and sending it to a drinking water lab for analysis. (iowadnr.gov)
While the source of the contamination was not found, officials said that they found the water supply did not have the required level of chlorine disinfectant and was vulnerable to contamination from Naegleria fowleri. (go.com)
Over the last few years, however, a series of contamination incidents has raised questions about that EPA study and ignited a debate over whether the chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing may threaten the nation's increasingly precious drinking-water supply. (denverpost.com)
An investigation by ProPublica found that water contamination in drilling areas around the country is far more prevalent than the EPA asserts. (denverpost.com)
In other cases, the contamination occurred not from actual drilling below ground but on the surface, where accidental spills and leaky tanks, trucks and waste pits allowed benzene and other chemicals to leach into streams, springs and water wells. (denverpost.com)
Contamination was first discovered at the site as a result of a State-wide drinking water sampling program in 1983. (epa.gov)
It's creating a vicious cycle in which higher temperatures, changes in rainfall and water contamination cause environmental consequences that make global warming worse and damage the health of the planet further. (triplepundit.com)

MANILA (Reuters) - Running water utilities, whether public or private, on viable business models is the best way to tackle surging demand, looming shortages and counter stress on supplies caused by climate change, an industry expert said. (reuters.com)
The growing number of water shortages around the world and the possibility of these shortages leading to economic disruption, food crises, social tensions, and even war suggest that the challenges posed by water in the coming decades will rival those posed by declining oil supplies. (internationalrivers.org)
A coordinated research effort dedicated to these goals could make desalination a more practical option for some communities facing water shortages," she said in a statement. (reuters.com)
The Asian Development Bank is working with the Philippines to modernize Manila's water supply and reduce the risk of water shortages as demand rises in tandem with the city's booming population. (adb.org)
The UN warned the shortages could lead to waterborne disease outbreaks, and a spokesman has said sabotaging civilian water supplies constituted a war crime. (gulf-times.com)
Also speaking was an adviser to the Middle East Desalination Research Center based in Oman who talked about the lessons that could be learned from Israel in addressing water shortages. (c-span.org)
Erongo is in a semi-arid area that suffers from severe water shortages. (bloomberg.com)

Access to portable water has been reduced as a result of the ongoing conflict in South Sudan, due to mass internal displacement (1,893,109 people internally displaced as of January 2017 [4] which has seen million people displaced from their homes. (wikipedia.org)

Within the government of Southern Sudan, the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation is responsible for policy setting, mobilization of external financing and regulation of drinking water supply. (wikipedia.org)
A qanāt taps underground mountain water sources trapped in and beneath the upper reaches of alluvial fans and channels the water downhill through a series of gently sloping tunnels, often several kilometres long, to the places where it is needed for irrigation and domestic use. (britannica.com)
But it also has many businesses at the forefront of areas such as micro irrigation and treating waste water. (reuters.com)
The report looked at consumptive water use, characterized by activities such as drinking, livestock watering, car washing, irrigation and commercial cooling, in which water is consumed, evaporated or incorporated into products instead of being returned directly to a waterway. (washingtontimes.com)
Rising sea levels could push saltwater into freshwater aquifers, making the water unusable for drinking or irrigation unless it's treated using an energy-intensive process. (triplepundit.com)
A center pivot irrigation system intended to pump livestock waste water onto adjacent farmland in Nebraska malfunctioned, allowing excessive run off to collect in a road ditch near two wells that fed a municipal water supply, sickening 39 persons who consumed untreated city water. (cdc.gov)
Onsite investigations identified that a center pivot irrigation system intended to pump livestock wastewater from a nearby concentrated animal feeding operation onto adjacent farmland had malfunctioned, allowing excessive runoff to collect in a road ditch near two wells that supplied water to the city. (cdc.gov)
The analysis applies economic values to the following benefits and tradeoffs: changes related to hydropower electric grid services, irrigation water supply, transportation along on the river corridor, recreation, and non-use values such as a restored natural river system and reduced extinction risk of wild salmon. (pacinst.org)
Water supply is a separate topic from irrigation, the practice and systems of water supply on a larger scale, for a wider variety of purposes, primarily agriculture. (wikipedia.org)
Once water is used, wastewater is typically discharged in a sewer system and treated in a sewage treatment plant before being discharged into a river, lake or the sea or reused for landscaping, irrigation or In the United States, the typical single family home uses about 520 l (138 US gal) of water per day (2016 estimate) or 222 l (58.6 US gal) per capita per day. (wikipedia.org)

The study was proposed in response to Senate Enrolled Act 416 and will assess the region's current water supply, future demand, as well as the costs of infrastructure needed to meet that demand. (in.gov)
Arjun Thapan, Asian Development Bank's (ADB) Special Senior Adviser for Infrastructure and Water gestures during an interview with Reuters at the ADB headquarters in Manila October 7, 2010. (reuters.com)
If any major dents are to be made in closing the forecast 40 percent gap between water demand and supply in 2030 in Asia, this is where most of the gains will have to come from: demand management," says Arjun Thapan, the Asian Development Bank's Special Senior Adviser for Infrastructure and Water. (reuters.com)
The Government of Kazakhstan applied to European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) for a loan to support restoration of irrigated lands in Aktobe, Zhambyl and South Kazakhstan Regions (the Project) by rehabilitation of water supply infrastructure in these regions. (ebrd.com)
Rehabilitation will mainly include replacing of outdated water canals in the areas where infrastructure exists to increase water supply efficiency and reduce leakages, as well as construction of new water canals in the areas where water supply infrastructure does not exist. (ebrd.com)
Seven years ago, the American Society for Civil Engineers issued a warning that most of the country's drinking water infrastructure was "nearing the end of its useful life. (naturalnews.com)
The water and wastewater infrastructure in the United States is failing. (asce.org)
In its 2013 Report Card on American Infrastructure , ASCE stated: "The water and wastewater. (asce.org)
Across these emerging cities there's a need to invest more in better quality water infrastructure and a danger that lower-cost infrastructure will be implemented leading to long-term problems later. (arup.com)
The United Nations has said the spring was damaged because 'infrastructure was deliberately targeted', without saying who was responsible, leaving 4 million people in Damascus without safe drinking water supplies. (gulf-times.com)
Rising water levels in other areas may necessitate infrastructure changes. (triplepundit.com)
High levels of rainfall could overwhelm and damage important infrastructure like sewer systems and water treatment plants and lead to polluted water, causing it to become brown or cloudy. (triplepundit.com)
The aim of PACT is, to identify behaviour change techniques on how to increase the psychological ownership over safe-drinking-water-collection infrastructure and to increase the long-term use by strengthening people's habits. (eawag.ch)
The document notes that while having access to water infrastructure can reduce the time burden on women, it is not implicit that the time saved would be devoted to paid activities. (undp.org)
The Working Paper, by UNDP's International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, investigates the time allocation of women in Ghana as a trade-off between domestic chores and market-oriented activities when households are provided with water and electricity infrastructure. (undp.org)
better source needed] During the beginning of the 21st Century, especially in areas of urban and suburban population centers, traditional centralized infrastructure have not been able to supply sufficient quantities of water to keep up with growing demand. (wikipedia.org)

Also, they do not receive water throughout the year, because piped water supply is intermittent or wells run dry. (wikipedia.org)
Those without access to an improved water source fetch water from rivers, ponds or open wells. (wikipedia.org)
The U.S. Marine Corps maintains that the carbon chloroform extract (CCE) test would not have uncovered the carcinogens that fouled the southeastern North Carolina base's water system from at least the mid-1950s until wells were capped in the mid-1980s. (yahoo.com)
Nearly three decades after the first drinking-water wells were closed, victims are still awaiting a final federal health assessment - the original 1997 report having been withdrawn because faulty or incomplete data. (yahoo.com)
Marine Corps officials have repeatedly said that federal environmental regulations for these cancer-causing chemicals were not finalized under the Safe Drinking Water Act until 1989 - about four years after the contaminated wells had been identified and taken out of service. (yahoo.com)
PIP components will mostly involve the reconstruction of two wells, rehabilitation of water supply systems, expansion of the sewage network and improvement of the WWTP. (ebrd.com)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates 42 million Americans (mostly in rural America) get their water from private wells or other small, unregulated water systems. (tn.gov)
The three common types of water wells are drilled, dug or driven. (tn.gov)
Water supply wells that are dug rather than drilled or driven tend to use shallow water and, like surface water, are more likely to be contaminated. (tn.gov)
EPA's publication Drinking Water From Household Wells has more information on private water wells. (tn.gov)
In karst areas, wells of any type can pose a health risk because the water is under the direct influence of surface water and is more easily contaminated from runoff. (tn.gov)
Water wells should also be placed away from areas where pesticides or fertilizers are stored or handled. (tn.gov)
Public water supply wells and systems can only be permitted through Iowa DNR Water Supply Engineering . (iowadnr.gov)
Drilled or Cased Wells - Drilled wells for home, farm and light commercial use are generally 8" or less in diameter and draw their water from alluvial basins, inter-till sand and gravel deposits, or deeper bedrock that can hold and transmit water - like porous or fractured limestone and sandstone. (iowadnr.gov)
CAMDEN, Preble County - The village of Camden could lose its water supply within six weeks because of high levels of road salt and associated contaminants in the village's drinking water wells, according to the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. (daytondailynews.com)
Water in one of the village's three wells has too much salt and brine for drinking , said Heather Lauer, an Ohio EPA spokeswoman. (daytondailynews.com)
The agency and village are focused on protecting the wells or finding another source of drinking water, either by drilling new wells or connecting the village to another water system. (daytondailynews.com)
Sublette County is the home of one of the nation's largest natural-gas fields, and many of its 6,000 wells have undergone a process pioneered by Halliburton called hydraulic fracturing, which shoots vast amounts of water, sand and chemicals several miles underground to break apart rock and release the gas. (denverpost.com)
In September, the BLM approved plans for 4,400 new wells in Sublette County, despite the unresolved water issues. (denverpost.com)
The remainder of the Town's water supply was provided by the Keyes and Kokko Wells. (epa.gov)
In 1983, following closure of the contaminated water supply wells, the EPA provided bottled water to 75 residents at the Millhaven Mobile Home Park who were affected by contaminated well water. (epa.gov)
And across the world, water provision varies greatly, from long trips to wells, to plastic bottles, to leak-proof modern urban distribution systems. (arup.com)
Water wells require regular maintenance to ensure adequate water flow. (com.pk)
As a water well ages, its well yield tends to decrease, especially in wells that were not properly developed when first drilled. (com.pk)
This coordinated response rapidly identified an important risk to city A's municipal water supply and provided the evidence needed to decommission the affected wells, with plans to build a new well to safely serve this community. (cdc.gov)
Through interviews of city A residents and business owners, investigators were made aware of a report of standing water that "smelled of cattle manure" in a roadside ditch near two municipal water wells. (cdc.gov)

IFA issued final findings on the Southeastern Indiana Water Supply Study on January 12, 2018. (in.gov)

A view of a pipe carrying sea water for processing into the Tuas desalination plant in Singapore in this November 9, 2005 file photo. (reuters.com)
Desalination may be less environmentally harmful than many other ways to supplement water - such as diverting freshwater from sensitive ecosystems, the report said. (reuters.com)
Water recycling, desalination and conservation are part of the plan. (kpbs.org)
Thanks to our desalination plants along the coast, there is no lack of water in the country. (ynetnews.com)
Areva SA, the biggest producer of nuclear reactors, signed an agreement with Namibia Water Corp. for the utility to distribute water from the company's desalination plant to mines in the central Erongo region. (bloomberg.com)
The water from the Areva desalination plant has become available it's linked with the Trekkopje uranium project, which Areva halted last year after prices of the nuclear fuel slumped. (bloomberg.com)

Water purification usually occurs close to the final delivery points to reduce pumping costs and the chances of the water becoming contaminated after treatment. (wikipedia.org)

Include extended water demand projections for 2020, 2030, 2040 and ultimate build-out that are consistent with population forecasts in the community's system statement. (metrocouncil.org)
San Diego County Water Authority General Manager Maureen Stapleton says the authority wants to diversify our water supply by 2020. (kpbs.org)

2016-04-20T19:18:49-04:00 https://images.c-span.org/Files/63b/20160420195913002_hd.jpg A Senate committee hearing examined new approaches to improve water supplies through innovative technologies. (c-span.org)

The Army Corps of Engineers, which has been bitterly attacked by some Fairfax County officials for the power it holds over the metropolitan area's water supply, has offered to supply the county's future water needs for a third of a century. (washingtonpost.com)

The water reservoir was discovered by astronomers, led by scientists at the California Institute of Technology, and using the Z-Spec instrument at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory in Hawaii and the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy (CARMA) in the Inyo Mountains of Southern California. (wired.com)
The crisis of development threats to our wildlands-urban interface zones has deepened in recent years because powerful corporate interests have solidified their control over water in California. (biologicaldiversity.org)
Water-supply policy and practice in California is therefore at a critical crossroads. (biologicaldiversity.org)
Ultimately we seek to transform the current water delivery regime in California to benefit local communities and smart urban planning - as well as to protect our precious natural ecosystems. (biologicaldiversity.org)
The California water supply is suffering serious degradation from the 99 percent of unlicensed marijuana cultivators that remain unlicensed to avoid taxes and environmental regulation. (breitbart.com)
The Nature Conservancy senior freshwater ecologist Jennifer Carah told the Water Education Foundation that illegal marijuana cultivation across California imperils fish and human drinking and agricultural water quality and supply: "The unpermitted forest clear-cutting and road construction can dramatically increase erosion, which can cause large amounts of sediment to flow down into streams, causing water quality problems. (breitbart.com)
Friends of the Eel River Conservation Director Scott Greacen at a California Water Policy Conference at the University of California Davis in March blamed the worst marijuana cultivation water resource damage on unlicensed so-called "trespass grows" on U.S. National Forest lands that legalization has failed to stop: "They are the most damaging per unit and those are the kind we need to get rid of. (breitbart.com)
In drought-ridden California it's reckoned to take a gallon of water to grow every single almond. (arup.com)
Mandatory water restrictions could be the beginning of a new way of life in California. (kpbs.org)
We are in a unique situation not only for the San Diego region but for California," says Maureen Stapleton, General Manager of the San Diego County Water Authority. (kpbs.org)
Another major source of our water, the Colorado River, can't compensate for the reduced supply from Northern California. (kpbs.org)
California's water supply is going to be one of the first areas that's really impacted by climate change," says Elissa Lynn, a senior meteorologist with the California Department of Water Resources. (kpbs.org)
Witnesses included the board director of the Orange County, California, Water District and the chief of engineering and construction for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (c-span.org)

The product, delivered to the point of consumption, is called potable water if it meets the water quality standards required for human consumption. (wikipedia.org)
At the time, the Defense Department adopted water quality standards set by the U.S. Public Health Service. (yahoo.com)
To measure that quality, the Navy manual identified CCE "as a technically practical procedure which will afford a large measure of protection against the presence of undetected toxic materials in finished drinking water. (yahoo.com)
The project aims to increase the efficiency, quality, and sustainability of water supply and sanitation services to 1.7 million people living in 20 rayons across the country. (worldbank.org)
WaterNSW has since deployed floating booms and curtains across the Warragamba catchment to serve as a barrier to block ash from filtering into the untreated part of the water supply, while water quality scientists are monitoring the dam using sophisticated, real-time technology. (smh.com.au)
A nonprofit organization dedicated to preserving water quality and a viable rural economy in upstate New York used imagery and GIS to better safeguard the New York City Watershed. (esri.com)
Consequently, New York's water quality depends in large part on the actions of the 30,000 landowners who live, work, and recreate on watershed lands. (esri.com)
WAC seeks to balance water quality protection with a viable rural economy. (esri.com)
To accomplish this, the organization uses technical assistance and cost-sharing to help watershed farmers and loggers use water quality protection measures (known as best management practices, or BMPs) in their farm operations and timber harvests. (esri.com)
Since WAC's founding in 1993, the organization has helped 90 percent of the watershed's farms improve the effect of their operations on water quality. (esri.com)
Until recently, WAC had no way to gauge its effectiveness in improving the effect of logging operations on water quality. (esri.com)
This meant WAC had no way of knowing how much logging was taking place in the New York City Watershed, the extent that logging activities threatened water quality, or how effective WAC's programs were in reducing water pollution from logging. (esri.com)
The legislation will make clear that regional water quality boards can order dischargers of the chemical perchlorate to provide clean water to replace polluted supplies and to keep track of current inventories of the rocket fuel ingredient. (latimes.com)
Water Quality: How to develop sustainable solutions to purify water from decentralized sources? (basf.com)
Policy and Behaviour: How can community and water conservation approaches improve availability and quality of water in Mumbai? (basf.com)
The existing water quality is generally good and satisfies the EU and national standards. (ebrd.com)
Drinking water at Shatila Palestinian Refugee Camp in Beirut, Lebanon is of poor quality and unpredictably intermittent quantity. (who.int)
How a private well is constructed is regulated, but the quality of the water coming from that well is not regulated. (tn.gov)
Some of the most important steps in having a safe water supply include having your well constructed using high quality construction materials, only hiring Iowa DNR Certified Well Contractors to perform your well services, and requiring your contractor perform full depth grouting of the well casing. (iowadnr.gov)
In Iowa, it's common to find drilled well depths ranging from 40' - 2000' deep depending on the quantity of water needed and the quality of water desired. (iowadnr.gov)
Today, however, the system has begun to show signs of exhaustion, and the city is having trouble providing water in sufficient quality and quantity for its current population. (conservation.org)
The information found here will help both communities with and without public water supplies to develop local comprehensive plans that protect the integrity of the region's water supply and the quality and quantity of water resource. (metrocouncil.org)
Dams are expected to affect water quality and quantity for millions of downstream users. (internationalrivers.org)
Adopted by the Water Resources Commission in August 2012, the Strategy provides a blueprint for understanding and meeting Oregon's water quantity, water quality, and ecosystem needs now and into the future. (oregon.gov)
Water supply lines are not of good quality. (com.pk)
Climate change is having a negative impact on our water supply, ecosystems and quality. (triplepundit.com)
Research provides evidence that simple, acceptable low cost interventions at the household level can dramatically improve the water quality of domestic stored water. (unicef.org)
The amount of water provided to the Palestinian Authority from Israel's national water system and its quality are among the highest in the world, in accordance with international standards. (ynetnews.com)
BDS Engineering is world s leading Water Pump manufacturer and supplier of supreme quality water solutions. (articlealley.com)
We continue to monitor water quality in the lake. (crd.bc.ca)
Extending access to water quality testing with adapted and simplified materials and methods. (eawag.ch)
Assessing uptake of arsenic in food products and current practices in drinking water quality monitoring. (eawag.ch)
Aspects of service quality include: Continuity of supply, water quality and water pressure. (wikipedia.org)
Water quality is also dependant of the quality and level of pollution of the water source. (wikipedia.org)
Drinking water quality has a micro-biological and a physico-chemical dimension. (wikipedia.org)
There are thousands of parameters of water quality. (wikipedia.org)
For more details, please see the separate entries on water quality, water treatment and drinking water. (wikipedia.org)
As water passes through the distribution system, the water quality can degrade by chemical reactions and biological processes. (wikipedia.org)

Voluntary water conservation programs were ordered. (latimes.com)
Privateers have turned the state's limited conservation requirements on their head, insisting that using more water actually "conserves" it from future waste. (biologicaldiversity.org)
Guest speakers from the legislature, San Jacinto River Authority, Lone Star Ground Water Conservation District, Porter Water Supply and a developer will be at the forum to give information and take questions from those in attendance. (chron.com)
Each city is implementing efforts for conservation, restoration and sustainable production to recover ecosystem services such as water purification, pollination and carbon sequestration, and is developing policies to address biodiversity loss. (conservation.org)
In Bogotá, the city's water supply company and local, regional and environmental authorities are conducting studies related to biodiversity, ecosystem services and environmental conflicts in order to formulate and implement projects that will restore and protect ecosystem services in the Chingaza-Sumapaz-Guerrero Conservation Corridor . (conservation.org)
Communities without public water supplies do not need to prepare a water supply plan, but should include information about plans to protect private water supplies in appropriate sections of the local comprehensive plan, described in the sections on conservation and reuse, source water protection, and sub-regional collaboration. (metrocouncil.org)
Explore and support water demand (water conservation and efficiency) programs such as incentives, ordinances, education and outreach, rates and other approaches, the metropolitan Council's Water Conservation Toolbox can support these efforts. (metrocouncil.org)
The Water Conservation, Re-use and Storage Grant Program, established by Senate Bill 1069 (2008), is designed to fund the qualifying costs of planning studies that evaluate the feasibility of developing water conservation, re-use or storage projects. (oregon.gov)
The Oregon Water Supply and Conservation Initiative gives the Department an opportunity to take a bird's eye view of water demands and water availability throughout the state, and to strategically develop the tools, methodologies, and budgets required to ensure that those who need water-both in-stream and out-of-stream-will have access to the resource for generations to come. (oregon.gov)
The Department has several programs and efforts to assist with water conservation. (oregon.gov)
At a recent water conservation summit, Stapleton used the term "perfect storm" to describe the challenges facing our water supply. (kpbs.org)
Barnett says conservation and prohibiting new development in the desert southwest where there is no water would help preserve the critical resource. (kpbs.org)

In response to the city's water scarcity issues, Rio built the Guandu System, a mega project that continues to be the largest complex for water treatment and storage in Brazil. (conservation.org)
Today, 20 African countries experience severe water scarcity and another 12 will be added in the next 25 years. (internationalrivers.org)
The southwest African nation is enduring its worst drought in three decades with all 13 regions affected by water scarcity and a third of the people severely or moderately food insecure, the United Nations said Aug. 12 on its website . (bloomberg.com)

Water system" redirects here. (wikipedia.org)
For other uses, see Water system (disambiguation) . (wikipedia.org)
A water supply network or water supply system is a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components that provide water supply . (wikipedia.org)
Connections to the sewers (underground pipes, or aboveground ditches in some developing countries) are generally found downstream of the water consumers, but the sewer system is considered to be a separate system, rather than part of the water supply system. (wikipedia.org)
A Noncommunity Water Supply is a water system that provides water for drinking or potable purposes to 25 or more persons at least 60 days per year or has 15 or more service connections. (michigan.gov)
Germany, through its agencies GIZ and KfW , finances the construction of a water supply system in the city of Yei . (wikipedia.org)
That's knock-your-socks-off level - even back then," said Kaltofen, who worked on the infamous Love Canal case in upstate New York, where drums of buried chemical waste leaked toxins into a local water system. (yahoo.com)
This form is for use by individuals not served by a public water system experiencing problems with their water supply and agencies receiving calls from those individuals. (archive.org)
For now, officials say they are flushing the system and adding higher than usual levels of bacteria-killing chlorine to the water to make it safe. (latimes.com)
The New York City Watershed is the largest unfiltered surface water supply system in the United States. (esri.com)
Qanāt , (Arabic) also spelled kanat , Persian karez , Berber Arabic foggara , ancient type of water-supply system , developed and still used in arid regions of the world. (britannica.com)
Currently, 45 per cent of the population is connected to the water supply system. (ebrd.com)
Depending on the results of these water tests, a water treatment system may be necessary. (tn.gov)
With a private water supply, all parts of the system are managed by the water user - things like the water supply well, the water distribution system, and all water treatment systems or devices. (iowadnr.gov)
Private supplies do not have a central administrator making water system related decisions for the water users. (iowadnr.gov)
This requires the water system to undergo periodic testing to ensure the safety of the water, provide notice to water users when the water isn't safe to consume, and provide reports to DNR Water Supply Operation to verify and document the safety of the water system. (iowadnr.gov)
A apparatus for supplying drinking-water has a drinking-water storage unit, a drinking-water supply system capable of introducing the drinking-water into a drinking cup from the drinking-water storage unit, and an antimicrobial member provided in the drinking-water supply system. (freepatentsonline.com)
Further, an activity effect of the antimicrobial member inhibits the growth of bacteria in the drinking-water supply system. (freepatentsonline.com)
and an antimicrobial member provided in at least part of the drinking-water supply system. (freepatentsonline.com)
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the antimicrobial member includes an antimicrobial coating on an inside of the drinking-water supply system. (freepatentsonline.com)
12. The drinking-water supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the antimicrobial member is detachable from the drinking-water supply system. (freepatentsonline.com)
The lack of water, however, was already a critical problem for the city due to deforestation in urban areas and a poor distribution system, and even inspired the lyrics of one of the most popular Carnival songs: "Rio de Janeiro / city that seduces us / during the day lacks water / during the night lacks energy. (conservation.org)
The Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals announced that the Naegleria fowleri amoeba was found in the water system of St. John the Baptist Parish. (go.com)
The water system where the amoeba was found serves 12,577 people in three Louisiana towns. (go.com)
If the community has a municipal community public water supply system, complete all information in the DNR & Metropolitan Council water supply plan template. (metrocouncil.org)
He's experimented with a simulated water treatment system based on actual programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and documented how these can be hacked. (pcworld.com)
The water system was one of the big things we looked at,' Asher said. (orlandosentinel.com)
Residents of Fazal Town Phase-I have urged Wasa officials to provide sound water management system to them and take measures for repairing out of order tube well located in Dhoke Lillyaal. (com.pk)
Leakages in the system are also reasons for the inadequate water supply. (com.pk)
Unless we improve our supply system, the situation will not improve. (com.pk)
Above: Lake Oroville, the main reservoir for the Calif. water project system, is 25 percent below average and at 64 percent of capacity. (kpbs.org)
This allows water managers to determine the value in decreasing system inefficiencies. (pacinst.org)
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes. (wikipedia.org)
Water pressures vary in different locations of a distribution system. (wikipedia.org)
Pressure in an urban water system is typically maintained either by a pressurised water tank serving an urban area, by pumping the water up into a water tower and relying on gravity to maintain a constant pressure in the system or solely by pumps at the water treatment plant and repeater pumping stations. (wikipedia.org)
A pipe network for distribution of water to consumers (which may be private houses or industrial, commercial, or institution establishments) and other usage points (such as fire hydrants) Connections to the sewers (underground pipes, or aboveground ditches in some developing countries) are generally found downstream of the water consumers, but the sewer system is considered to be a separate system, rather than part of the water supply system. (wikipedia.org)
Corrosion of metal pipe materials in the distribution system can cause the release of metals into the water with undesirable aesthetic and health effects. (wikipedia.org)

A. Demonstration effect of new replicable behaviour: Account separation as a condition to the loan effectiveness and full legal separation of water and wastewater activities as dated covenant represent the main steps towards organisational unbundling between the three main activities (water and wastewater, solid waste, and public spaces). (ebrd.com)
Based on the findings of the Feasibility Study, the implementation of the proposed PIP is expected to significantly improve efficiency and reliability of water supply and wastewater collection in Gradacac, thus contributing to the provision of access to safe drinking water, prevention of ground and watercourses pollution and improvement of public health. (ebrd.com)
We're doing what we have to do,' said Jim Anselmo, division chief over water and wastewater treatment facilities. (orlandosentinel.com)

Significant portions of the Ogalalla Aquifer, one of the largest bodies of water in the United States, are at risk of drying up if it continues to be drained at its current rate. (nsf.gov)
As appropriate, support collaborative efforts to evaluate the likelihood of significant declines in aquifer water levels before water appropriation permits are requested. (metrocouncil.org)
Work with partners to evaluate relationships between aquifer withdrawals and surface water features. (metrocouncil.org)
If a connection is likely, management plans should include aquifer testing, monitoring water levels and pumping rates and surface water flow, triggers and actions to protect aquifer levels, a schedule for periodic analysis of data to identify the need for action to mitigate impacts, and a schedule for periodic and timely reporting to DNR. (metrocouncil.org)
Brighter lights near water plants, louder alarms, increased chemical testing, more police patrols and barbed-wire fencing are among the precautions local agencies are taking to thwart any attempts to poison Florida's 800-cubic-mile aquifer -- the largest of its kind in the world -- stored in underground limestone caverns. (orlandosentinel.com)
Because much of Central Florida's water supply comes from an underground aquifer, there is even less chance that such sabotage could have a drastic effect, they say. (orlandosentinel.com)
The Savage Municipal Water Supply Well site covers approximately 235 acres, is located about 5 miles west of the center of Milford, and consists of a municipal well and the underlying aquifer. (epa.gov)
Industry and fish hatcheries also withdraw water from the aquifer. (epa.gov)
The critical importance of this aquifer has been highlighted by recent and historic drought conditions as well as the pressure from increasing populations and industrial growth on water resources in Southern New Hampshire. (epa.gov)
The Milford Souhegan aquifer is highly prolific in terms of water yield. (epa.gov)
In 2014 Mekorot provided 57 million cubic meters of water to the Palestinians in the West Bank from the mountain aquifer, the main part of which is in Israeli territory. (ynetnews.com)
In addition to the water supplied by Israel, the Palestinian Authority draws water from an aquifer in its own territory. (ynetnews.com)
This modeling study explores managed aquifer recharge with flood flows as an approach to reducing flooding and addressing water supply challenges during droughts. (pacinst.org)

This information is intended to inform and coordinate state response to mitigate drought impacts on household water supplies. (archive.org)
As part of our emergency response efforts to the drought, we are gathering information relating to private well water availability. (archive.org)
Water bureaucrats have also been working 'around the clock' to protect water supply assets from flames that came within kilometres of drought-depleted dams. (smh.com.au)
That's proving to be problematic in Taiwan, where foundries like TSMC have been ordered to cut their water usage due to severe drought. (extremetech.com)
Drought that has plagued the Southwest for years has forced local communities to rethink how they use water. (npr.org)
FREDERICK, Md. The growth of upstream communities could nearly deplete the water supply for the Washington metropolitan area during a severe drought by 2030, a government report on the Potomac River Basin concludes. (washingtontimes.com)
We need to better plan for the development, the utilization and the management of our water resources,' Joseph Hoffman, executive director of the interstate agency, said June 7 during a presentation on the current drought. (washingtontimes.com)
Inasmuch, however, as the Croton is supposed to furnish more than half that quantity in the season of the greatest drought, it is clear that the city will, even during dry seasons, be supplied with as much water as the aqueduct is competent to deliver. (scientificamerican.com)

The project will help increase access to water in selected urban areas and increase the efficiency of the State Water Utility Company in DRC. (worldbank.org)
The paradigm now has to be efficiency of water use and a shrinking of the water footprint in industry and energy. (reuters.com)
Treated water then either flows by gravity or is pumped to reservoirs, which can be elevated such as water towers or on the ground (for indicators related to the efficiency of drinking water distribution see non-revenue water). (wikipedia.org)

We all need litres of potable water every day. (arup.com)

More than 3,000 cases of bottled water have been distributed to residents of a southwestern Michigan city after contaminants were found in its municipal water supply. (usatoday.com)
Water in karst areas can flow very quickly, allowing it to move chemical and biological contaminants long distances. (tn.gov)
Natural News) Contaminants are ever present, even in seemingly clean water. (naturalnews.com)
The experts say the threat is small because it would take an extraordinarily large amount of contaminants to infect a city's supply of hundreds of thousands of gallons of water. (orlandosentinel.com)
But these viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other chemical contaminants are either very, very small so that they don't settle readily, or they are dissolved in the water in the first place," Chellam explains. (uh.edu)
Chellam, who studies how contaminants are removed by membrane filters, how they clog filter pores and how the water flow is subsequently affected, is developing pretreatment methods to improve membrane performance. (uh.edu)

Raw water may be transferred using uncovered ground-level aqueducts , covered tunnels , or underground water pipes to water purification facilities. (wikipedia.org)
Treated water is transferred using water pipes (usually underground). (wikipedia.org)
The first was that fire would destroy pumping stations and damage pipes, which so far hadn't happened, and the second was threat of a large downpour causing ash to run off and pollute the water supply. (smh.com.au)
The city of Lanzhou says it has been monitoring levels of benzene in its water pipes to ensure public safety. (news.com.au)
Demand management ranges from utilities fixing leaking pipes, curbing theft and improving storage to treating and reusing waste water to pricing water to encourage thrift by large users such as industry and energy firms without excluding the poor, Thapan told the Reuters Global Climate and Alternative Energy Summit in an interview at the bank's headquarters in Manila. (reuters.com)
Trichloroethylene is highly volatile and can enter indoor air through water in pipes. (ewg.org)

The total water usage by the United States of America is 410,000 million gallons per day. (prweb.com)
Water drawn by Public Supply accounts for 49 percent of all water withdrawals, using a total of 44,200 million gallons per day. (prweb.com)
During the same period, it predicts a 23 percent increase in consumptive water use, to 158.6 million gallons per day. (washingtontimes.com)
The Savage Municipal Well operated from 1960 to 1983, during which it supplied approximately 45 percent of Milford's drinking water, averaging about 200,000 gallons per day. (epa.gov)

The annual supply will now amount to 10 million cubic meters of water. (ynetnews.com)
Over the last five years, over 52 million cubic meters of water were annually supplied to the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and 5 million cubic meters of water were annually supplied to the Gaza Strip, nearly 2 twice the agreed-upon amount. (ynetnews.com)
Moreover, Israel transfers, via Mekorot, 55 million cubic meters of water annually to Jordan. (ynetnews.com)
55 million cubic meters of water are supplied to Jordan. (ynetnews.com)
The Erongo region's annual demand is 13 million cubic meters of water. (bloomberg.com)

To ensure a sustainable water supply for the region's current and future generations, we need to integrate water supply planning with land and resource planning. (metrocouncil.org)

Subsequently, the EPA connected the park to the municipal water supply. (epa.gov)

Using water yield as a measure of this aquifers potential, it ranks in the highest 10% for the entire state. (epa.gov)
How much water can be captured from flood flows to store in depleted aquifers for mitigating floods and droughts? (pacinst.org)

Two teams of astronomers have discovered the largest and farthest reservoir of water ever found in the universe. (wired.com)
Metro Vancouver continuously monitors reservoir levels and posts them here from May to October, when rainfall is lower and demand for water is highest. (metrovancouver.org)
An ADB funded project is using modern tunnel boring technology to excavate a fourth supply tunnel for the La Mesa reservoir, a major source of water for Metro Manila. (adb.org)
Norzagaray, Philippines - The La Mesa reservoir is a critical source of water for Metro Manila and its 12 million plus population. (adb.org)
Three tunnels supply water to the reservoir, but they are old and in need of repair. (adb.org)

Cr Wilson said current conditions, combined with the fact that the city's supply of stored water is halved while one of the Te Marua storage lakes is empty for earthquake-strengthening and enlarging, mean everybody should be careful with water in January. (nzherald.co.nz)

In Singapore, treated waste water is returned to the city-state's reservoirs for public and industrial consumption. (reuters.com)
Already, water consumption threatens to exceed the lowest historical minimum flow rates of Potomac tributaries in Frederick County, Md., and neighboring areas of Maryland, Pennsylvania and Virginia, according to the report by the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin. (washingtontimes.com)
All new construction, addition, renovation or changes in use resulting in an increase in water consumption need a Water Supply Certification letter. (miamidade.gov)
At the customer's request, a no net increase Water Supply Certification letter is issued for projects not resulting in an increase in water consumption. (miamidade.gov)
Its goal was to increase the storage capacity for water used for human consumption. (asce.org)
Initial questioning of ill persons did not include an assessment of exposure to untreated drinking water and suggested ground beef consumption as a possible shared exposure. (cdc.gov)

Water purification facilities. (wikipedia.org)
Sixteen years ago, the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum escaped Milwaukee's water purification processes, leading to an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness affecting more than 400,000 residents - and motivating Chellam, who was then a doctoral student, to focus on protecting the public water supply. (uh.edu)
The kit, designed to cover the needs of 10 families contains buckets, soap, water containers, water purification tablets and disinfectant. (unicef.org)
The water treatment steps include, in most cases, purification, disinfection through chlorination and sometimes fluoridation. (wikipedia.org)

California's land-use policies and growth patterns have long caused a host of environmental ills, including the loss of important wildlife habitat, disruption of movement corridors, air and water pollution, and climate change. (biologicaldiversity.org)
Climate change causes various changes in our water supply, which sometimes leads to pollution and other problems. (triplepundit.com)
Increased temperatures caused by climate change raise the rate of evaporation from both land and oceans, as well as enable the atmosphere to hold more water by about 4 percent for every 1 degree Fahrenheit increase . (triplepundit.com)
Water pollution can have a multitude of negative effects on our environment, some of which can lead to even more problems and exacerbate climate change. (triplepundit.com)
The effect that climate change has on our water is just one example of the impact it can have. (triplepundit.com)

Water treatment must occur before the product reaches the consumer and afterwards (when it is discharged again). (wikipedia.org)
Traditional surface water treatment plants generally consists of three steps: clarification, filtration and disinfection. (wikipedia.org)
This treatment method has been adopted both at water sources and urban water plants. (worldwatch.org)
Staff at major water plants in Harbin aided by armed police started to remove old anthracite filters on November 25, and by November 26, the city had received sufficient amounts of the carbon to gear its water treatment facilities into full operation. (worldwatch.org)
We interviewed the Popular Committee, well owners, water vendors, water shopkeepers and preschool administrators about drinking water sources, treatment methods and the population served. (who.int)
For example, Singapore's Hyflux ( HYFL.SI ) and Darco Water Technologies ( DRWT.SI ) have expanded into the lucrative Asian market for waste water treatment and water management. (reuters.com)
Water treatment products test and condition water used for drinking, cooking, washing, and bathing. (grainger.com)
The results suggest that lithium levels in water may be associated with population density, and that waste-water treatment plants aren't currently effective at removing it from drinking water, the study team concludes. (reuters.com)
Consult the TDEC DWR program about your test results at 1-888-891-TDEC (8332) or consult with the Private Well Owner website or their telephone hotline at 1-855-420-9355 to determine the best treatment option for your water. (tn.gov)
To demonstrate the risks, Formby designed a simulated water treatment plant, built with actual industrial PLCs that will control the flow of water and chlorine into a storage tank (a YouTube video can be found here ). (pcworld.com)
Real-world water treatment systems are more sophisticated than the generic one he designed, Formby said. (pcworld.com)
The water supply in the city would be disrupted for the entire day on Wednesday as all the three units of Basai water treatment plant would be shut for repair and upgrade. (hindustantimes.com)
Seawater reverse osmosis, which uses membranes to filter out the salt, uses about 10 times more energy than traditional treatment of surface water, according to the report. (reuters.com)
Elsewhere in Central Florida, Winter Park is adding up to $46,000 worth of new security measures at its four water treatment plants. (orlandosentinel.com)
There's no doubt in my mind that the future of water treatment looks like membranes," says Chellam. (uh.edu)
This manual provides information about the most common large flowmeters used in water treatment and in custody-transfer applications. (awwa.org)
This manual provides information about the most common large flowmeters used in water treatment and in custody-transfer applications, including the Venturi, modified Venturi, orifice plate, electromagnetic (mag), turbine and propeller, transit-time ultrasonic, vortex, averaging Pitot, and averaging. (awwa.org)
UNICEF begins delivery of water treatment supplies for 10 million people in Syria. (unicef.org)
Sandec's Water Suppy and Treatment (WST) group focuses on developing, testing and disseminating solutions for extending and sustaining access to safe drinking water globally. (eawag.ch)
In public water supply systems water should, at a minimum, be disinfected-most commonly through the use of chlorination or the use of ultra violet light-or it may need to undergo treatment, especially in the case of surface water. (wikipedia.org)

The Community Water Supply Program oversees the primary EPA program that sets forth minimum standards for safe drinking water as well as administering the requirements of Michigan's Safe Drinking Water Act. (michigan.gov)
The Michigan Safe Drinking Water Act (Act 399), enacted in 1976, enabled the Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) to maintain primacy (state authority) over the drinking water program in our state. (michigan.gov)
Countries the world over face mounting challenges in providing safe and affordable drinking water and sanitation services - from meeting the water targets in the Millennium Development Goals to complying with increasingly stringent environmental standards. (oecd.org)
The sprawling installation is the site of one of the worst drinking water contaminations in U.S. history. (yahoo.com)
CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C. (AP) - A simple test could have alerted officials that the drinking water at Camp Lejeune was contaminated, long before authorities determined that as many as a million Marines and their families were exposed to a witch's brew of cancer-causing chemicals. (yahoo.com)
A just-released study from the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry cited a February 1985 level for trichloroethylene of 18,900 parts per billion in one Lejeune drinking water well - nearly 4,000 times today's maximum allowed limit of 5 ppb. (yahoo.com)
County officials say they notified owners of the city's 65 restaurants Tuesday afternoon to throw out ice supplies, serve bottled water and use canned soda rather than fountains connected to the city's drinking water supply. (latimes.com)
However, people may want to take measures of their own, said John Curphey, state sanitary engineer for drinking water programs. (latimes.com)
Every day this region in upstate New York's Catskill Mountains provides more than a billion gallons of clean drinking water to the more than 9 million people residing in New York City and upstate counties. (esri.com)
Drinking water can contain a little lithium because the mineral occurs naturally in the Earth's crust and in soil and bodies of water. (reuters.com)
But even with the rapid rise of consumer electronics powered by lithium batteries in recent years, research to date hasn't offered a clear picture of how much production and disposal of these products might increase lithium levels in drinking water, the study team notes in Nature Communications. (reuters.com)
The study wasn't designed to determine how lithium got in the water supply or to prove whether increasing lithium levels in drinking water has an impact on health. (reuters.com)
EPA's Drinking Water website provides additional information on conditions that might prompt you to test your well water. (tn.gov)
Always have test results interpreted and explained to you by a staff member of TDEC's Division of Water Resources at 1-800-523-4873, or call EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791. (tn.gov)
Owning and maintaining a safe drinking water supply doesn't happen automatically. (iowadnr.gov)
Our drinking water comes from rainfall and snowmelt in three mountain watersheds. (metrovancouver.org)
Metro Vancouver uses the latest information to prepare for a growing population and changing climate, and is planning projects that will ensure a reliable supply of drinking water well into the future. (metrovancouver.org)
This allows easy bacteriostasis or sterilization of the drinking-water poured from the nozzle. (freepatentsonline.com)
and the antimicrobial member is provided in at least one of the inlet, the nozzle, and the drinking-water pipe. (freepatentsonline.com)
9. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the antimicrobial member includes a spiral substrate having a gap in a flow direction of the drinking-water, and an antimicrobial coating on the substrate. (freepatentsonline.com)
11. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the antimicrobial member includes a substrate having partition plates opposite each other in a flow direction of the drinking-water, the partition plates having water passing holes opposite each other in the flow direction of the drinking-water, and an antimicrobial coating on the substrate. (freepatentsonline.com)
13. The drinking-water supply apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the antimicrobial coating includes titanium oxide compound. (freepatentsonline.com)
For many cities, upstream forests are vital for maintaining drinking water supply for their millions of inhabitants. (conservation.org)
At a meeting of the Clinton Global Initiative in 2013, we announced the Water and Cities Initiative, an undertaking born of the common interest of the cities of Rio de Janeiro, Bogotá and Mexico City to unite their efforts to secure drinking water supply by protecting and restoring the cities' watersheds. (conservation.org)
The agency in August 2009 notified Camden business owner Rod Good that large, uncovered salt piles on his property posed a potential threat to the village's drinking water and runoff from the piles could contaminate surface streams. (daytondailynews.com)
To provide safe drinking water, the village must determine if the well field problem can be reversed, "which given how quickly the salt (level) is going up may not be possible at this point," Lauer said. (daytondailynews.com)
Researchers suggest that antioxidants such as vitamin C and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) may help protect you from the harmful effects of hexavalent chromium, a contaminant commonly found in drinking water. (naturalnews.com)
We borrow water from the environment, store it and treat it to world-class standards to supply safe drinking water to 4.3 million of you across the region. (anglianwater.co.uk)
Drinking trichloroethylene-contaminated drinking water has been linked with birth defects, leukemia, and liver and kidney damage. (ewg.org)
The process has been considered safe since a 2004 study by the Environmental Protection Agency found that it posed no risk to drinking water. (denverpost.com)
After that study, Congress even exempted hydraulic fracturing from the Safe Drinking Water Act. (denverpost.com)
The Savage Municipal Well and a nearby contaminated well supplying drinking water to a trailer park were later closed. (epa.gov)
To many, access to clean drinking water is a basic human right. (arup.com)
It seems simultaneously unfair to force the poor to pay the full cost of supply yet irrational to believe that we can provide populations of millions with clean drinking water without some personal cost. (arup.com)
In Croatia, up to 40% of the treated drinking water is lost in leaks. (arup.com)
One of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals is to reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water. (unicef.org)
Residents in the impacted area should boil their drinking water until further notice. (crd.bc.ca)
Our research approach draws on the fields of engineering, economics and the social sciences, with a specific focus on rural communities and small towns where progress towards international drinking water targets lags behind the rest of the world . (eawag.ch)

Water supply networks are often run by public utilities of the water industry . (wikipedia.org)
The program's primary function is regulatory oversight of approximately 1,400 community public water supplies in Michigan. (michigan.gov)
Public Supply. (prweb.com)
An introduction to the series titled, Water and the Economy: How Water Fuels Your World was previously released last, with part three of the series, Water and the Economy: Public Supply being released yesterday. (prweb.com)
This week, Public Supply was the second sector to be analyzed, registering as the second highest water consuming sector. (prweb.com)
This is an industry, which, according to Water and the Economy: Public Supply, generated in excess of $11,253 million in 2011. (prweb.com)
SureAqua, personal water filtration company, has released part three of a new informative series of articles titled "Water and the Economy" SureAqua attempt to pinpoint the role Public Water Supply plays in the running of the United Stated Economy. (prweb.com)
This amount of water is mainly attributable to leakages but certain amounts are also used for distribution via public taps, illegal connections etc. (ebrd.com)
On a smaller scale, wine makers in Nashik in the Indian state of Maharashtra have got around the irregular public supply by using storage and then injecting water into the roots of the vine when needed, reducing wastage, Thapan said. (reuters.com)
The current water-delivery regime favors speculative real estate and big agriculture at the expense of communities, rational farm policies, the public trust and the environment. (biologicaldiversity.org)
Ensuring a future water supply that can meet the sustainable needs of urban, rural and environmental uses under full public control is one of California's biggest challenges in the 21st century. (biologicaldiversity.org)
Jerry Lovelady, manager of the Porter Water Supply and I attended a Senate Public Hearing on water resources that was held in March. (chron.com)
In Iowa, water supplies fall into two categories: a private water supply or a public water supply. (iowadnr.gov)
If your water supply has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves 25 or more individuals a day, the supply meets the definition of a public water supply. (iowadnr.gov)
Public water supplies operate under DNR Water Supply Operations permits. (iowadnr.gov)
And in Rio de Janeiro, government agencies and local communities in the Guandu watershed are working together to create and implement public and private protected areas, restore forest and identify priority areas for water production. (conservation.org)
All communities that have public water supplies in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area are required to prepare water supply plans as part of their local comprehensive plan. (metrocouncil.org)
Military Highway Water Supply Corp., a nonprofit public utility, dug a hole to install a water meter on its utility easement. (law.com)
Using a process that involved extensive public outreach, the Strategy identifies the most critical water‐related challenges facing communities throughout Oregon. (oregon.gov)
Now, nearly 90% of the U.S. population has supplied water through public water systems, and about 67% of those people receive fluoridated water. (change.org)
Access to clean water sources continues to be an important public health issue, and public health professionals should consider exposure to untreated water sources as a potential cause for Campylobacter outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
These systems are usually owned and maintained by local governments, such as cities, or other public entities, but are occasionally operated by a commercial enterprise (see water privatization). (wikipedia.org)

Health officials may issue an order today warning Fillmore residents to boil water before drinking it after detecting evidence of unhealthful bacteria in the water supply of the small agricultural community. (latimes.com)

Our assets across the state remain intact and are still supplying water to towns affected by these severe fires,' Ms Pavey said. (smh.com.au)
On a broader scale, Australia, afflicted by severe droughts, has introduced water markets, where industry buys to meet its needs and the government buys for ecological reasons. (reuters.com)
Continuity of water supply is taken for granted in most developed countries, but is a severe problem in many developing countries, where sometimes water is only provided for a few hours every day or a few days a week. (wikipedia.org)

A hacker wanting to blackmail a water utility could take a same approach, and threaten to taint the water supply unless paid a ransom, he warned. (pcworld.com)

Categorised B. An Environmental and Social Review of the Water Company's current environmental and social (E and S) management practices, operations and facilities, and an Environmental and Social Analysis of the proposed Priority Investment Programme (PIP) has been carried out as part of the Feasibility Study by independent consultants. (ebrd.com)
It presents challenges in water and sanitation governance and introduces WGF's activities and UNDP GoAL WaSH programme. (undp.org)

Water storage facilities such as reservoirs , water tanks , or water towers . (wikipedia.org)
Additional water pressurizing components such as pumping stations may need to be situated at the outlet of underground or aboveground reservoirs or cisterns (if gravity flow is impractical). (wikipedia.org)
Mr. Jarvis, some years ago, gaged the river at its supposed lowest point, arid estimated the minimum supply at about 32,000,000 gallons, or about one half of the quantity required, and he recommended storage reservoirs to satisfy the wants of a future large population. (scientificamerican.com)

The County's program is designed to assure adequate water supply is available to all County water users. (miamidade.gov)
This letter certifies that adequate water supply is available to serve the proposed development in accordance with the permitted withdrawal capacity in the County's Water Use Permit. (miamidade.gov)

Rivers that supply the capital with water are showing the effects of an unusually dry spring, said Nigel Wilson, Chair of the Greater Wellington Regional Council's Social and Cultural Wellbeing Committee. (nzherald.co.nz)
From September 2010 World Rivers Review When it comes to water, the past is no longer a reliable guide to the future Water, like energy, is essential to virtually every human endeavor. (internationalrivers.org)
From World Rivers Review December 2009Most rural Africans are directly dependent on surface water - rivers, wetlands, springs and lakes - for their water supply. (internationalrivers.org)

The project consists of three components: (a) Project Implementation and Management, (b) Rehabilitation of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems, and (c) Support to the Preparation and Sustainability of Investments. (worldbank.org)
Once the tunnel is complete, rehabilitation works will begin on existing supply tunnels, ensuring continuous water supply. (adb.org)

Smaller water systems may store the water in cisterns or pressure vessels . (wikipedia.org)
In small domestic systems, the water may be pressurised by a pressure vessel or even by an underground cistern (the latter however does need additional pressurizing). (wikipedia.org)
The few existing piped water supply systems are often not well maintained and the water they provide is often not safe to drink. (wikipedia.org)
Although current protective clothing is designed to protect the troops' skin and respiratory systems from chemical and biological weapons, the troops water supply is not protected ," writes Marine Corps Captain Bart Bacon at Soldiers for the Truth. (military.com)
Beverage manufacturers all rely on municipal water systems to produce soda, juice, and smoothies. (change.org)
Today's water systems are often little-changed in decades, the time to acknowledge the emerging challenges facing our urban water supply honestly and bring an engineer's rational take to these issues is long overdue. (arup.com)
If they're big enough, they settle to the bottom, and municipal intake systems are designed to collect the cleaner water away from the sediment. (uh.edu)
The paper analyzed over 80 hydro-economic models to evaluate the ability of current models to include spatial and temporal components of water systems. (pacinst.org)
In poorly managed systems, water pressure can be so low as to result only in a trickle of water or so high that it leads to damage to plumbing fixtures and waste of water. (wikipedia.org)

Service provision in urban areas is the responsibility of the newly created South Sudan Urban Water Corporation (SSUWC). (wikipedia.org)
The growth of population and the use of the water for manufacturing purposes made this additional provision necessary. (scientificamerican.com)
Yet, in today's world water provision is both varied and polarised. (arup.com)
Wherever you live, water provision is affected by legacy issues: from historical use rights to traditional water-intensive crop growing practices. (arup.com)
The One Pager, by UNDP's International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, examines the impact of water provision on women's time allocation in rural Ghana. (undp.org)

And as the World Economic Forum made clear in 2014, 'in every sector the demand for water is expected to increase and analysis suggests that the world will face a 40% global shortfall between forecast demand and available supply by 2030. (arup.com)

In an effort to promote sustainable water use and economic growth across the state, the Indiana Finance Authority has commissioned a study of water resources across 14 counties in southeast Indiana. (in.gov)
Dept. of Water Resources. (openlibrary.org)
Division of Water Resources. (openlibrary.org)
On a "business as usual" scenario, a report by the Water Resources Group has estimated the world could face a 40 percent supply shortfall in 20 years. (reuters.com)
Local governments are both competing for future residents - and sharing a dwindling supply of precious resources. (npr.org)
It implies a need to conserve more water, develop more water resources or both, said Matthew Pajerowski, chief of the environment department's water rights division. (washingtontimes.com)
Residents should have the opportunity to hear about water availability, resources and how it applies to our county," said Andy Dill Community Chamber of Commerce president. (chron.com)
The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation's Division of Water Resources handles most water supply issues in Tennessee. (tn.gov)
TDEC's Division of Water Resources recommends private water supplies be tested for bacteria every year. (tn.gov)
There are resources to help you meet the minimum requirements, as well as ideas and examples that may make your water supply plan and local comprehensive plan better. (metrocouncil.org)
Fully revised and updated, this three-volume set from the Water Environment Federation and the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers presents. (asce.org)
The State of Oregon has launched its first Integrated Water Resources Strategy. (oregon.gov)
The Oregon Water Resources Department (the Department) recognizes that water resources needs in Oregon are many, while our resources are finite. (oregon.gov)
These include planning tools and resources, modifications to water rights, information about watershed restoration and instream activities. (oregon.gov)
It focuses on providing the increasing urban population with safe, resilient water resources and protection from water related disasters. (pacinst.org)
As a WHO Collaborating Centre on Sanitation and Water in Developing Countries , we strived to link empirical evidence to sector policy and practice through targeted dissemination and open access training resources. (eawag.ch)
Integrity and accountability are critical to good governance of water resources and services. (undp.org)

[2] Even those with access to an improved water source often do not receive safe water. (wikipedia.org)
The Creator Space Tour Stop in Mumbai from 16th to 23rd January 2015 was formed by the major theme: How to improve access to affordable and safe water in a metropolitan region like Mumbai? (basf.com)
It also takes well owners who are committed to operate and maintain a safe water supply. (iowadnr.gov)
The job is easier if you understand your role in developing a safe water supply. (iowadnr.gov)
After all, if you don't test your water, you won't know if its safe to consume. (iowadnr.gov)
Private well users are also responsible for testing their own water supply to confirm that water is safe to drink. (iowadnr.gov)
Camden's water is considered safe to drink, but the village is providing bottled water to residents who don't like the taste, Lauer said. (daytondailynews.com)
The water will still be safe to drink. (go.com)
Natural News) If you assume your tap water must be safe to drink because you haven't heard otherwise, you could be gambling with your health. (naturalnews.com)
In Daytona Beach, Mayor Bud Asher said he is confident the city's water supply will remain safe. (orlandosentinel.com)
Every water provider needs to maintain an effective, safe and sustainable supply, at a price that supports their operational needs and allows for future investment. (arup.com)
As 1.1 billion people still do not have access to safe water, this is an enormous task. (unicef.org)

M6 Water Meters - Se. (awwa.org)
Israel's national water company Mekorot, in accordance with the Water Authority's guidelines, recently doubled its water supply to the Gaza Strip by 5 million cubic meters. (ynetnews.com)
The new water supply of 5 million cubic meters to the Gaza Strip will come from two sources including the Nahal Oz pipeline in the south and an older line in the Kissufim area that provides water to the center of the Strip. (ynetnews.com)
The pact to supply 10 million cubic meters (2.6 billion gallons) of water a year was signed yesterday, Hilifa Mbako, managing director of Paris-based Areva's Namibian unit, said by e-mail. (bloomberg.com)

The Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment presents activity and research developments in water issues, challenges, and opportunities throughout the developed landscape. (asce.org)

The Center is working to break the grip that Big Agriculture and real estate interests have on California's water supply. (biologicaldiversity.org)

As certain areas experience more droughts, we'll have to more frequently transport water where it is needed. (triplepundit.com)

The Department of Water Supply was created to provide an adequate water supply to the Exhibition grounds which would not adversely impact the operations of the regular city service. (phila.gov)

Fillmore officials are sampling again for evidence of coliform bacteria and if the test is positive a second time the boil water edict will be issued. (latimes.com)
Perchlorate dischargers, often military bases and abandoned defense plants, also would be required to immediately report to state emergency and clean-water officials the discharges of 10 or more pounds of the chemical into a water supply. (latimes.com)
Officials and airmen stationed at Offutt will not be able to get into roughly 60 structures until water from floods recedes. (military.com)
Louisiana officials have cautioned residents to be careful after a deadly brain-eating amoeba was found in a parish water supply. (go.com)
The amoeba cannot be contracted from drinking contaminated water, officials said. (go.com)
Held once every three years, it is the largest global gathering of water officials, including heads of state, in the world. (internationalrivers.org)
Faced with continuous water cuts, Residents are looking for sustainable solutions from Wasa officials, whose inefficient administration they blame for the ongoing water woes. (com.pk)
A scholar living in Street 3 of Fazal Town known as Hafiz says: "Why some streets of the locality are getting less amount of water and other streets are receiving excess water, Wasa officials should ensure equal distribution. (com.pk)

This new study suggests that an increase of urbanization and modernization will result in an increase of the (lithium) levels in waters in the future," said senior study author Nathalie Vigier of the Sorbonne University in Paris. (reuters.com)
The supervisors are on record supporting the water authority's plan to take care of its future needs all by itself - by tapping the Potomac River. (washingtonpost.com)
As we start a week-long examination of our water supply, KPBS Environment Reporter Ed Joyce tells us how we got here, and what the future may bring as we begin our series "H2NO: San Diego Going Dry. (kpbs.org)
Add to the mix a growing population in the Southwestern United States and you have a water future that's uncertain at best. (kpbs.org)
We have three major things coming into play and those three together have caused major changes in I think not only how we have to use the water but in how we plan for future water needs," says Stapleton. (kpbs.org)
So water is going to continue to be a very difficult and challenging subject as we go toward the future. (kpbs.org)
Coordinated planning by local communities, the Metropolitan Council, and state partners will help meet our future water supply needs. (metrocouncil.org)
Hydro-economic models: Concepts, design, applications, and future prospects discusses the role of economic valuation in water demand. (pacinst.org)

Surface water supply of the United State. (openlibrary.org)
The casing of a well should be sealed with grout or another mastic material to ensure surface water does not seep along the well casing to the water source. (tn.gov)
The authoritative peer-reviewed, ' Impacts of Surface Water Diversions for Marijuana Cultivation ' published in the POLS ONE journal, estimated that marijuana cultivation in the Emerald Triangle has the potential to cause a 23 percent reduction of stream flow during the driest periods of the year . (breitbart.com)
The particles in surface water sources come in a variety of sizes, he explains. (uh.edu)
The Marginal Economic Value of Streamflow From National Forests uses water markets to estimate the marginal value of streamflow in surface water bodies originating in national forests. (pacinst.org)

The Potomac River supply for upstream communities would be adequate, the report found. (washingtontimes.com)
Communities need information to help them manage risks and water supplies. (nature.com)
We've checked all of our facilities to make sure they're in good repair,' said Tracy Smith, spokesman for Florida Water Services, which serves 150 communities statewide including parts of Deltona , New Smyrna Beach and Seminole County . (orlandosentinel.com)
This could harm coastal communities and various ecosystems, as well as contaminate fresh water supplies. (triplepundit.com)
The trend is to use water and sanitation equipment for pilot projects at the community level, and encourage communities and local governments to take over the procurement of equipment and supplies. (unicef.org)
It is rooted in the strong belief that local management and community initiatives play a key role in ensuring and sustaining the success of enhancing water supply and sanitation services to poor communities. (undp.org)
Water supply networks are part of the master planning of communities, counties, and municipalities. (wikipedia.org)

The water is typically pressurised by pumping the water into storage tanks constructed at the highest local point in the network. (wikipedia.org)
EGLE contracts with local health departments to maintain a noncommunity water supply program in each county. (michigan.gov)
Noncommunity water supply staff at EGLE supports the local health departments through training, technical support, and program evaluation. (michigan.gov)
The official Xinhua News Agency said on Saturday a crude oil pipeline run by the state-owned China National Petroleum Corp. had a leak that tainted the source water feeding a local water plant in the northwestern city of Lanzhou. (news.com.au)
For private water supplies, well construction and reconstruction activities are issued private well construction permits through the local county health offices who issue both the county and state construction permits. (iowadnr.gov)
Carah added that although marijuana cultivation impact on local water sources has been studied on the South Fork of the Eel River in Mendocino and Humboldt counties, "to my knowledge, nobody has mapped cannabis cultivation at the state or regional scale yet. (breitbart.com)
Acknowledge potential water supply issues identified in your community's water supply profile ( Appendix 1 of the Master Water Supply Plan ) and support partnerships to address them in local water plans and water appropriation permit applications. (metrocouncil.org)
Support collaborative efforts to periodically review local water supply risks and potential alternatives to mitigate those risks. (metrocouncil.org)
Technical advances, regulatory adjustments and subregional developments can present new opportunities for local water suppliers to enhance the resiliency, sustainability, and affordability of their water suppliers. (metrocouncil.org)
Download the local water supply plan template , instructions, and checklist (DNR). (metrocouncil.org)
To increase security since terrorism landed on American soil, local governments and utility companies are sparing no costs in stepping up measures to protect the water supply. (orlandosentinel.com)
Rebel groups and local activists say pro-government forces are using the water issue to make political and military gains. (gulf-times.com)
The ground beef was not ground in-house at the grocery store, and the distributors that supplied ground beef to the grocery store and each of the two local restaurants were not shared. (cdc.gov)

In Mexico City, the Water Forest initiative seeks to sustainably manage the watersheds that supply water to 23 million people in three cities, including Mexico City. (conservation.org)
Community Water Initiative (CWI) supports decentralized, demand-driven, innovative, low-cost, community-based water resource management and water supply and sanitation projects in rural areas. (undp.org)

Inland Waters Directorate. (openlibrary.org)

Water softeners reduce the mineral content in hard water to prevent damage to appliances and fixtures and eliminate bad tastes or odors. (grainger.com)

It is estimated that about half of the population of developing countries receives water on an intermittent basis. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy4

Organisms18

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes25

Disciplines and Occupations7

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena9

Technology, Industry, Agriculture9

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care55

Geographicals12

Legionnaires' disease on a cruise ship linked to the water supply system: clinical and public health implications. (1/2621)

Needs assessment following hurricane Georges--Dominican Republic, 1998. (2/2621)

Comparison of large restriction fragments of Mycobacterium avium isolates recovered from AIDS and non-AIDS patients with those of isolates from potable water. (3/2621)

High-performance liquid chromatography column switching applied to the trace determination of herbicides in environmental and drinking water samples. (4/2621)

Tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water in Massachusetts and the risk of colon-rectum, lung, and other cancers. (5/2621)

The role of humic substances in drinking water in Kashin-Beck disease in China. (6/2621)

Eradicating guinea worm without wells: unrealized hopes of the Water Decade. (7/2621)

Criteria for successful sanitation programmes in low income countries. (8/2621)

Water Supply

Water

Water Microbiology

Water Purification

Water Pollution

Sanitation

Drinking Water

Fluoridation

Water Pollutants

Fresh Water

Water Quality

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Body Water

Sanitary Engineering

Fluorosis, Dental

Chlorine

Disinfection

Drinking

Chlorine Compounds

Water Wells

Toilet Facilities

Lesotho

Hygiene

Trihalomethanes

Fluorides

Cryptosporidiosis

Water Pollution, Chemical

Cryptosporidium

Water Softening

Rivers

Giardia

Disease Outbreaks

Environmental Monitoring

Grindelia

Filtration

Legionnaires' Disease

Water Pollution, Radioactive

Garbage

Legionella

Giardiasis

Legionella pneumophila

Soil

Perilla frutescens

Nyctaginaceae

Sewage

Cryptosporidium parvum

Gastroenteritis

Diarrhea

Gardening

Rural Population

Water Deprivation

Seasons

Fluoride Poisoning

Enterobacteriaceae

Agricultural Irrigation

Feces

Prosopis

Dracunculiasis

Disinfectants

Legionellosis

Cercozoa

Plant Transpiration

Water Movements

West Indies

Public Health

Simazine

Amoebozoa

Arsenic

Dracunculus Nematode

Groundwater

Larrea

Rural Health

Biomass

Schistosomiasis

Brazil

Rain

Temperature

Agriculture

Droughts

Housing