AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Water SupplyWaterWater MicrobiologyWater PurificationWater PollutionSanitationDrinking WaterFluoridationWater PollutantsFresh WaterWater QualityWater Pollutants, ChemicalBody WaterSanitary EngineeringFluorosis, DentalChlorineDisinfectionDrinkingChlorine CompoundsWater WellsToilet FacilitiesLesothoHygieneTrihalomethanesFluoridesCryptosporidiosisWater Pollution, ChemicalCryptosporidiumWater SofteningRiversGiardiaDisease OutbreaksEnvironmental MonitoringGrindeliaFiltrationLegionnaires' DiseaseWater Pollution, RadioactiveGarbageLegionellaGiardiasisLegionella pneumophilaSoilPerilla frutescensNyctaginaceaeSewageCryptosporidium parvumGastroenteritisDiarrheaGardeningRural PopulationWater DeprivationSeasonsFluoride PoisoningEnterobacteriaceaeAgricultural IrrigationFecesProsopisDracunculiasisDisinfectantsLegionellosisCercozoaPlant TranspirationWater MovementsWest IndiesPublic HealthSimazineAmoebozoaArsenicDracunculus NematodeGroundwaterLarreaRural HealthBiomassSchistosomiasisBrazilRainTemperatureAgricultureDroughtsHousingOocystsEnvironmental ExposureNorthern TerritoryAluminumGeological PhenomenaCity PlanningAtrazineShipsEpidemiological MonitoringDental EquipmentConservation of Natural ResourcesSoapsDental CariesEquipment ContaminationAeromonasColony Count, MicrobialUrbanizationPerchloratesDeveloping CountriesIntestinal Diseases, ParasiticBacteriaCapital ExpendituresNitrogenGeologyTime FactorsPlant LeavesCholeraUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyAquaporinsEnvironmental PollutionDisastersNitratesMalaysiaNephelometry and TurbidimetryEcosystemFood SupplyMicrocystinsDiarrhea, InfantileSafetyCommunicable DiseasesDecontaminationUrban PopulationHand DisinfectionTropical ClimateGeographic Information SystemsHookworm InfectionsEnvironmental HealthRisk FactorsAsbestosTyphoid FeverModels, TheoreticalPrivate SectorEnglandDNA, BacterialSeawaterDisease ReservoirsEndemic DiseasesBacteriological TechniquesWater-Electrolyte BalanceClimateVietnamCampylobacter InfectionsWalesParasite Egg CountRNA, Ribosomal, 18SIndiaInfant, NewbornSocioeconomic FactorsFamily CharacteristicsNigeriaOntarioSchistosoma mansoniHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMolecular Sequence DataPoverty AreasGastrointestinal DiseasesEquipment and Supplies, HospitalAdaptation, PhysiologicalUnited StatesEpidemiologic MethodsDNA, RibosomalPopulation DensitySequence Analysis, DNAHospitalsClimate ChangePrevalence
Water Supply: Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Water Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.Water Purification: Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.Water Pollution: Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)Sanitation: The development and establishment of environmental conditions favorable to the health of the public.Drinking Water: Water that is intended to be ingested.Fluoridation: Practice of adding fluoride to water for the purpose of preventing tooth decay and cavities.Water Pollutants: Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.Fresh Water: Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.Water Quality: A rating of a body of water based on measurable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.Water Pollutants, Chemical: Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.Body Water: Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.Sanitary Engineering: A branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction, and maintenance of environmental facilities conducive to public health, such as water supply and waste disposal.Fluorosis, Dental: A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)Chlorine: A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 70.906. It is a powerful irritant that can cause fatal pulmonary edema. Chlorine is used in manufacturing, as a reagent in synthetic chemistry, for water purification, and in the production of chlorinated lime, which is used in fabric bleaching.Disinfection: Rendering pathogens harmless through the use of heat, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, etc.Drinking: The consumption of liquids.Chlorine Compounds: Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule.Water Wells: Constructions built to access underground water.Toilet Facilities: Facilities provided for human excretion, often with accompanying handwashing facilities.Lesotho: A kingdom in southern Africa, within the republic of SOUTH AFRICA. Its capital is Maseru.Hygiene: The science dealing with the establishment and maintenance of health in the individual and the group. It includes the conditions and practices conducive to health. (Webster, 3d ed)Trihalomethanes: Methanes substituted with three halogen atoms, which may be the same or different.Fluorides: Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.Cryptosporidiosis: Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.Water Pollution, Chemical: Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.Cryptosporidium: A genus of coccidian parasites of the family CRYPTOSPORIDIIDAE, found in the intestinal epithelium of many vertebrates including humans.Water SofteningRivers: Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).Giardia: A genus of flagellate intestinal EUKARYOTES parasitic in various vertebrates, including humans. Characteristics include the presence of four pairs of flagella arising from a complicated system of axonemes and cysts that are ellipsoidal to ovoidal in shape.Disease Outbreaks: Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.Environmental Monitoring: The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.Grindelia: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain triterpenoid sapogenins.Filtration: A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Legionnaires' Disease: An acute, sometimes fatal, pneumonia-like bacterial infection characterized by high fever, malaise, muscle aches, respiratory disorders and headache. It is named for an outbreak at the 1976 Philadelphia convention of the American Legion.Water Pollution, RadioactiveGarbage: Discarded animal and vegetable matter from a kitchen or the refuse from food preparation. (From Random House College Dictionary, 1982)Legionella: Gram-negative aerobic rods, isolated from surface water or thermally polluted lakes or streams. Member are pathogenic for man. Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent for LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE.Giardiasis: An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA LAMBLIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.Legionella pneumophila: A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the causative agent of LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE. It has been isolated from numerous environmental sites as well as from human lung tissue, respiratory secretions, and blood.Soil: The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.Perilla frutescens: A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that is an ingredient of Banxia Houpu (DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL).Nyctaginaceae: A plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida.Sewage: Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.Cryptosporidium parvum: A species of parasitic protozoa that infects humans and most domestic mammals. Its oocysts measure five microns in diameter. These organisms exhibit alternating cycles of sexual and asexual reproduction.Gastroenteritis: INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.Diarrhea: An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.Gardening: Cultivation of PLANTS; (FRUIT; VEGETABLES; MEDICINAL HERBS) on small plots of ground or in containers.Rural Population: The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.Water Deprivation: The withholding of water in a structured experimental situation.Seasons: Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Fluoride PoisoningEnterobacteriaceae: A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.Agricultural Irrigation: The routing of water to open or closed areas where it is used for agricultural purposes.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Prosopis: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is a source of prosopis gum.Dracunculiasis: Infection with nematodes of the genus Dracunculus. One or more worms may be seen at a time, with the legs and feet being the most commonly infected areas. Symptoms include pruritus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or asthmatic attacks.Disinfectants: Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)Legionellosis: Infections with bacteria of the genus LEGIONELLA.Cercozoa: A group of amoeboid and flagellate EUKARYOTES in the supergroup RHIZARIA. They feed by means of threadlike pseudopods.Plant Transpiration: The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Water Movements: The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.West Indies: Islands lying between southeastern North America and northern South America, enclosing the Caribbean Sea. They comprise the Greater Antilles (CUBA; DOMINICAN REPUBLIC; HAITI; JAMAICA; and PUERTO RICO), the Lesser Antilles (ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA and the other Leeward Islands, BARBADOS; MARTINIQUE and the other Windward Islands, NETHERLANDS ANTILLES; VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES, BRITISH VIRGINI ISLANDS, and the islands north of Venezuela which include TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO), and the BAHAMAS. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1330)Public Health: Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.Simazine: A triazine herbicide.Amoebozoa: A supergroup (some say phylum) of ameboid EUKARYOTES, comprising ARCHAMOEBAE; LOBOSEA; and MYCETOZOA.Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Dracunculus Nematode: A genus of nematode parasites which inhabit the body cavity, serous membranes, and connective tissues of vertebrates. The parasitic species in humans is Dracunculus medinensis.Groundwater: Liquid water present beneath the surface of the earth.Larrea: A plant genus of the family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is sometimes called chaparral but that is a generic word which is used with a number of other plants. Members contain NORDIHYDROGUAIARETIC ACID.Rural Health: The status of health in rural populations.Biomass: Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.Schistosomiasis: Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.BrazilRain: Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Agriculture: The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.Droughts: Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.Housing: Living facilities for humans.Oocysts: Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.Environmental Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.Northern Territory: Territory in north central Australia, between the states of Queensland and Western Australia. Its capital is Darwin.Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.Geological Phenomena: The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.City Planning: Comprehensive planning for the physical development of the city.Atrazine: A selective triazine herbicide. Inhalation hazard is low and there are no apparent skin manifestations or other toxicity in humans. Acutely poisoned sheep and cattle may show muscular spasms, fasciculations, stiff gait, increased respiratory rates, adrenal degeneration, and congestion of the lungs, liver, and kidneys. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed)Ships: Large vessels propelled by power or sail used for transportation on rivers, seas, oceans, or other navigable waters. Boats are smaller vessels propelled by oars, paddles, sail, or power; they may or may not have a deck.Epidemiological Monitoring: Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the frequency, distribution, and consequences of disease or health conditions, for use in the planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.Dental Equipment: The nonexpendable items used by the dentist or dental staff in the performance of professional duties. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p106)Conservation of Natural Resources: The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.Soaps: Sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. These detergent substances are obtained by boiling natural oils or fats with caustic alkali. Sodium soaps are harder and are used as topical anti-infectives and vehicles in pills and liniments; potassium soaps are soft, used as vehicles for ointments and also as topical antimicrobials.Dental Caries: Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.Equipment Contamination: The presence of an infectious agent on instruments, prostheses, or other inanimate articles.Aeromonas: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs singly, in pairs, or in short chains. Its organisms are found in fresh water and sewage and are pathogenic to humans, frogs, and fish.Colony Count, Microbial: Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.Urbanization: The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.Perchlorates: Compounds that contain the Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)O- structure. Included under this heading is perchloric acid and the salts and ester forms of perchlorate.Developing Countries: Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic: Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.Bacteria: One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.Capital Expenditures: Those funds disbursed for facilities and equipment, particularly those related to the delivery of health care.Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.Geology: The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Cholera: An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.United States Environmental Protection Agency: An agency in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government. It was created as an independent regulatory agency responsible for the implementation of federal laws designed to protect the environment. Its mission is to protect human health and the ENVIRONMENT.Aquaporins: A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.Environmental Pollution: Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.Disasters: Calamities producing great damage, loss of life, and distress. They include results of natural phenomena and man-made phenomena. Normal conditions of existence are disrupted and the level of impact exceeds the capacity of the hazard-affected community.Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)Nephelometry and Turbidimetry: Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.Ecosystem: A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Food Supply: The production and movement of food items from point of origin to use or consumption.Microcystins: Cyclic heptapeptides found in MICROCYSTIS and other CYANOBACTERIA. Hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects have been noted. They are sometimes called cyanotoxins, which should not be confused with chemicals containing a cyano group (CN) which are toxic.Diarrhea, Infantile: DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.Safety: Freedom from exposure to danger and protection from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. It suggests optimal precautions in the workplace, on the street, in the home, etc., and includes personal safety as well as the safety of property.Communicable DiseasesDecontamination: The removal of contaminating material, such as radioactive materials, biological materials, or CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS, from a person or object.Urban Population: The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.Hand Disinfection: The act of cleansing the hands with water or other liquid, with or without the inclusion of soap or other detergent, for the purpose of destroying infectious microorganisms.Tropical Climate: A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Geographic Information Systems: Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.Hookworm Infections: Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Asbestos: Asbestos. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. It is relatively inert chemically and used in thermal insulation and fireproofing. Inhalation of dust causes asbestosis and later lung and gastrointestinal neoplasms.Typhoid Fever: An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.Models, Theoretical: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Private Sector: That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests.EnglandDNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Seawater: The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.Disease Reservoirs: Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.Endemic Diseases: The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)Bacteriological Techniques: Techniques used in studying bacteria.Water-Electrolyte Balance: The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.Climate: The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)VietnamCampylobacter Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus CAMPYLOBACTER.WalesParasite Egg Count: Determination of parasite eggs in feces.RNA, Ribosomal, 18S: Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.IndiaInfant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Family Characteristics: Size and composition of the family.Nigeria: A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.Ontario: A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)Schistosoma mansoni: A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae. It is common in the Nile delta. The intermediate host is the planorbid snail. This parasite causes schistosomiasis mansoni and intestinal bilharziasis.Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Poverty Areas: City, urban, rural, or suburban areas which are characterized by severe economic deprivation and by accompanying physical and social decay.Gastrointestinal Diseases: Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.Equipment and Supplies, Hospital: Any materials used in providing care specifically in the hospital.Adaptation, Physiological: The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.United StatesEpidemiologic Methods: Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.DNA, Ribosomal: DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.Population Density: Number of individuals in a population relative to space.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Hospitals: Institutions with an organized medical staff which provide medical care to patients.Climate Change: Any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Legionnaires' disease on a cruise ship linked to the water supply system: clinical and public health implications. (1/2621)

The occurrence of legionnaires' disease has been described previously in passengers of cruise ships, but determination of the source has been rare. A 67-year-old, male cigarette smoker with heart disease contracted legionnaires' disease during a cruise in September 1995 and died 9 days after disembarking. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from the patient's sputum and the ship's water supply. Samples from the air-conditioning system were negative. L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from the water supply matched the patient's isolate, by both monoclonal antibody subtyping and genomic fingerprinting. None of 116 crew members had significant antibody titers to L. pneumophila serogroup 1. One clinically suspected case of legionnaires' disease and one confirmed case were subsequently diagnosed among passengers cruising on the same ship in November 1995 and October 1996, respectively. This is the first documented evidence of the involvement of a water supply system in the transmission of legionella infection on ships. These cases were identified because of the presence of a unique international system of surveillance and collaboration between public health authorities.  (+info)

Needs assessment following hurricane Georges--Dominican Republic, 1998. (2/2621)

Hurricane Georges struck the Carribean Islands in September 1998, causing numerous deaths and extensive damage throughout the region. The Dominican Republic was hardest hit, with approximately 300 deaths; extensive infrastructure damage; and severe agricultural losses, including staple crops of rice, plantain, and cassava. Two months after the hurricane, the American Red Cross (ARC) was asked to provide food to an estimated 170,000 families affected by the storm throughout the country. To assist in directing relief efforts, CDC performed a needs assessment to estimate the food and water availability, sanitation, and medical needs of the hurricane-affected population. This report summarizes the results of that assessment, which indicate that, 2 months after the disaster, 40% of selected families had insufficient food > or =5 days per and 28% of families reported someone in need of medical attention.  (+info)

Comparison of large restriction fragments of Mycobacterium avium isolates recovered from AIDS and non-AIDS patients with those of isolates from potable water. (3/2621)

We examined potable water in Los Angeles, California, as a possible source of infection in AIDS and non-AIDS patients. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were recovered from 12 (92%) of 13 reservoirs, 45 (82%) of 55 homes, 31 (100%) of 31 commercial buildings, and 15 (100%) of 15 hospitals. Large-restriction-fragment (LRF) pattern analyses were done with AseI. The LRF patterns of Mycobacterium avium isolates recovered from potable water in three homes, two commercial buildings, one reservoir, and eight hospitals had varying degrees of relatedness to 19 clinical isolates recovered from 17 patients. The high number of M. avium isolates recovered from hospital water and their close relationship with clinical isolates suggests the potential threat of nosocomial spread. This study supports the possibility that potable water is a source for the acquisition of M. avium infections.  (+info)

High-performance liquid chromatography column switching applied to the trace determination of herbicides in environmental and drinking water samples. (4/2621)

A selective and sensitive coupled-column high-performance liquid chromatographic method is developed for the simultaneous determination of 5 phenylurea herbicides (monuron, linuron, isoproturon, monolinuron, and diuron) in environmental and drinking water samples. Sample clean-up is performed automatically by means of a column switching technique. Using 2 octadecyl silica columns connected via two programmable 6-port valves and ultraviolet detection at 244 nm, the aforementioned compounds can be determined at the low concentration levels required for pesticide residue analysis in water samples. A mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol-water (55:45, v/v) is pumped at 1 mL/min. For the 5 phenylureas, high recoveries ranging from 94.9 to 101.6%, good reproducibility with relative standard deviations lower than 5%, and wide linear ranges up to 20 micrograms/L are observed with determination limits of 0.05 microgram/L. The method is successfully applied to the screening of different environmental water samples such as surface, ground, rain, and drinking water.  (+info)

Tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water in Massachusetts and the risk of colon-rectum, lung, and other cancers. (5/2621)

We conducted a population-based case-control study to evaluate the relationship between cancer of the colon-rectum (n = 326), lung (n = 252), brain (n = 37), and pancreas (n = 37), and exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) from public drinking water. Subjects were exposed to PCE when it leached from the vinyl lining of drinking-water distribution pipes. Relative delivered dose of PCE was estimated using a model that took into account residential location, years of residence, water flow, and pipe characteristics. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for lung cancer were moderately elevated among subjects whose exposure level was above the 90th percentile whether or not a latent period was assumed [ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), 3.7 (1.0-11.7), 3.3 (0.6-13.4), 6.2 (1.1-31.6), and 19.3 (2.5-141.7) for 0, 5, 7, and 9 years of latency, respectively]. The adjusted ORs for colon-rectum cancer were modestly elevated among ever-exposed subjects as more years of latency were assumed [OR and CI, 1.7 (0.8-3.8) and 2.0 (0.6-5.8) for 11 and 13 years of latency, respectively]. These elevated ORs stemmed mainly from associations with rectal cancer. Adjusted ORs for rectal cancer among ever-exposed subjects were more elevated [OR and CI, 2.6 (0. 8-6.7) and 3.1 (0.7-10.9) for 11 and 13 years of latency, respectively] than were corresponding estimates for colon cancer [OR and CI, 1.3 (0.5-3.5) and 1.5 (0.3-5.8) for 11 and 13 years of latency, respectively]. These results provide evidence for an association between PCE-contaminated public drinking water and cancer of the lung and, possibly, cancer of the colon-rectum.  (+info)

The role of humic substances in drinking water in Kashin-Beck disease in China. (6/2621)

We conducted in vitro and in vivo assays in a selenium-deficient system to determine if organic matter (mainly fulvic acid; FA) is involved in a free radical mechanism of action for Kashin-Beck disease. Cartilage cell culture experiments indicated that the oxy or hydroxy functional groups in FA may interfere with the cell membrane and result in enhancement of lipid peroxidation. Experiments with rats demonstrated that toxicity from FA was reduced when the hydroxy group was blocked. Induction of lipid peroxidation by FA in liver and blood of rats was similar to that exhibited by acetyl phenyl hydrazine. FA accumulated in bone and cartilage, where selenium rarely concentrates. In addition, selenium supplementation in rats' drinking water inhibited the generation of oxy-free radicals in bone. We hypothesized that FA in drinking water is an etiological factor of Kashin-Beck disease and that the mechanism of action involves the oxy and hydroxy groups in FA for the generation of free radicals. Selenium was confirmed to be a preventive factor for Kashin-Beck disease.  (+info)

Eradicating guinea worm without wells: unrealized hopes of the Water Decade. (7/2621)

At the start of the United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade in the 1980s, guinea worm disease was targeted as the major indicator of the success of the Decade's efforts to promote safe water. By the late 1980s, most of the guinea worm endemic countries in Africa and South Asia had established guinea worm eradication programmes that included water supply as one of their main technical strategies. By surveying the water supply situation in Ifeloju Local Government Area (LGA) in Oyo State, Nigeria, in June 1996, as a case study, it was possible to determine the role that water supply has played in the eradication effort. Although two major agencies, the former Directorate for Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructure and UNICEF, provided hand dug and bore-hole wells respectively in many parts of the LGA, coverage of the smaller farm hamlets has been minor compared to efforts in the larger towns. This is ironic because the farm hamlets served as a reservoir for the disease in the 1980s, such that when the piped water system in the towns broke down, guinea worm was easily reintroduced into the towns. The survey of 188 ever-endemic hamlets with an estimated population of 23,556 found that 74.3% of the people still drink only pond water. Another 11.3% have wells that have become dysfunctional. Only 14.4% of this rural population has access' to functioning wells. Guinea worm was eliminated from 107 of the hamlets mainly by the use of cloth filters and chemical treatment of ponds. While this proves that it is possible to eradicate guinea worm, it fails to leave behind the legacy of reliable, safe water supplies that was the hope of the Water Decade.  (+info)

Criteria for successful sanitation programmes in low income countries. (8/2621)

In the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-90), the development of a consensus on the concept of sanitation and the planning and implementation of effective and efficient sanitation programmes was not emphasized. Yet lack of good sanitation is a growing burden and environmental threat. Significant improvement of human health cannot be achieved without good environmental sanitation conditions and practices. A consensus on what makes a sanitation programme successful can help to conserve limited funds and spend those available more wisely. It will also help to reduce the increasing flows of waste poisoning precious sources of drinking water. This article was written to stimulate discussion on what attributes can be taken as characteristic of good environmental sanitation programmes, and on which indicators can be used to assess those attributes in actual sanitation programmes.  (+info)

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Integrated risk assessment and screening analysis of drinking water safety of a conventional water supply system | Water...Integrated risk assessment and screening analysis of drinking water safety of a conventional water supply system | Water...
Management of drinking water safety is changing towards an integrated risk assessment and risk management approach that includes all processes in a water supply system from catchment to consumers. However, given the large number of water supply systems in China and the cost of implementing such a risk assessment procedure, there is a necessity to first conduct a strategic screening analysis at a national level. An integrated methodology of risk assessment and screening analysis is thus proposed to evaluate drinking water safety of a conventional water supply system. The violation probability, indicating drinking water safety, is estimated at different locations of a water supply system in terms of permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, turbidity, residual chlorine and trihalomethanes. Critical parameters with respect to drinking water safety are then identified, based on which an index system is developed to prioritize conventional water supply systems in implementing a detailed risk assessment ...
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NWA 2012 : Melbourne : Line item notes : 11.13 Entitled extraction of allocated groundwater to urban water systemNWA 2012 : Melbourne : Line item notes : 11.13 Entitled extraction of allocated groundwater to urban water system
During the 2011-12 year Melbournes urban water was sourced exclusively from surface water [11.12]; however in some years a very small proportion is sourced from groundwater [11.13]. While a desalination plant has been built to supplement Melbournes urban water supply, this was not operational during the 2011-12 year.. Urban water consumption [19.4] of potable and non-potable water was 330,632 ML during the 2011-12 year, representing almost 90% of all urban water supply system outflows. A very small volume of water was transferred out of the region via normal operations in Western Waters service area [19.11]. Non-revenue water, including pipes bursting [19.2], background leakage [19.3] and other losses [19.20], made up the remaining urban water supply system outflows.. The following figure shows all the inflows and outflows for the urban water supply system. For more detail on a particular flow associated with the urban water supply system, refer to the line item notes.. ...
Energies | Free Full-Text | Risk Assessment of Distribution Networks Considering the Charging-Discharging Behaviors of Electric...Energies | Free Full-Text | Risk Assessment of Distribution Networks Considering the Charging-Discharging Behaviors of Electric...
Electric vehicles (EVs) have received wide attention due to their higher energy efficiency and lower emissions. However, the random charging and discharging behaviors of substantial numbers of EVs may lead to safety risk problems in a distribution network. Reasonable price incentives can guide EVs through orderly charging and discharging, and further provide a feasible solution to reduce the operational risk of the distribution network. Considering three typical electricity prices, EV charging/discharging load models are built. Then, a Probabilistic Load Flow (PLF) method using cumulants and Gram-Charlier series is proposed to obtain the power flow of the distribution network including massive numbers of EVs. In terms of the risk indexes of node voltage and line flow, the operational risk of the distribution network can be estimated in detail. From the simulations of an IEEE-33 bus system and an IEEE 69-bus system, the demonstrated results show that reasonable charging and discharging prices are
CM, CME pressure boosting in domestic water supply | GrundfosCM, CME pressure boosting in domestic water supply | Grundfos
Modern technologies have brought a high degree of comfort to people within their homes by providing a strong water supply. Grundfos offers complete tailored pressure boosting systems for domestic water supply that ensure optimal water pressure for household applications.
Kwahu-Tafo, Konongo & Kumawu (3K) Water Supply Systems - Tahal Group Official SiteKwahu-Tafo, Konongo & Kumawu (3K) Water Supply Systems - Tahal Group Official Site
TAHAL was hired by the Ghana Water Company to design, develop and construct a new water supply system in Kumawu, and to rehabilitate water supply systems in Konongo and Kwahu. The project was part of Ghanas plan to improve access to potable water for over 500,000 residents in more than 50 residential areas.. ...
Stakeholder involvement in the drinking water supply system: a case study of stakeholder analysis in China on Environmental XPRTStakeholder involvement in the drinking water supply system: a case study of stakeholder analysis in China on Environmental XPRT
Article Stakeholder involvement in the drinking water supply system: a case study of stakeholder analysis in China. Stakeholder involvement in drinking water supply systems is crucial for the successful management and improvement of drinking water su...
LOTWP - Lake Oswego and Tigard Water Supply System - Oregon Project ProfileLOTWP - Lake Oswego and Tigard Water Supply System - Oregon Project Profile
... LOTWP - Lake Oswego and Tigard Water Supply System - Oregon Project - Market research report and industry analysis - 10861639
Ice water supply system (Chanmag Bakery Machine) | Taiwantrade.comIce water supply system (Chanmag Bakery Machine) | Taiwantrade.com
Detailed info about Ice water supply system (Chanmag Bakery Machine). Contact Taiwan Bakery Machine supplier-CHANMAG BAKERY MACHINE CO., LTD. for Ice Water Supply System, 面团搅拌用冰水机组, 麵團攪拌用冰水機組 on Taiwantrade.
Drinking Water Contaminant Human Health Effects Information | Drinking Water Contaminants - Standards and Regulations | US EPADrinking Water Contaminant Human Health Effects Information | Drinking Water Contaminants - Standards and Regulations | US EPA
These tables summarize EPAs drinking water regulations and health advisory as well as reference dose (RFD) and cancer risk values for drinking water contaminants. EPA updates the tables periodically.. The tables contain drinking water standards in the form of non-enforceable concentrations of drinking water contaminants, or Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs), as well as enforceable Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). Maximum Contaminant Levels are the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water delivered to users of a public water system.. Health Advisories (HAs) provide information on contaminants that can cause human health effects and are known or anticipated to occur in drinking water. EPAs HAs are non-enforceable and provide technical guidance to states agencies and other public health officials on health effects, analytical methodologies, and treatment technologies associated with drinking water contamination. The tables contain HA values for certain contaminants based on ...
Inhabitants of Hawagu express satisfaction with provision of potable water supply - Eritrea Ministry Of InformationInhabitants of Hawagu express satisfaction with provision of potable water supply - Eritrea Ministry Of Information
The inhabitants of Hawagu, Agordat sub-zone, expressed satisfaction with the provision of potable water supply. Agordat, 1 March 2012 - The inhabitants of Hawagu, Agordat sub-zone, expressed satisfaction with the provision of potable water supply.. One of the inhabitants, Mr. Mantai Salih, said that before the implementation of the project they were compelled to travel long distance to fetch water that was not even up to standard but now the problem has been solved.. Ms. Meriem Mahmoud equally explained that with the provision of potable water, the public in general and women in particular felt deep satisfaction.. Mr. Ismael Beshir, coordinator of the project, said on his part that the project is playing vital role and gave assurance that prudent use would be made of the facility.. ...
Automated process gas supply system for evacuating a process line - Patent # 5417236 - PatentGeniusAutomated process gas supply system for evacuating a process line - Patent # 5417236 - PatentGenius
A process gas supply system at the gas supply point includes an automated means for evacuating gas in a process line fed by the process gas supply system when an abnormal event occurs. The process gas supply system of this invention eliminates the need for any special valves or piping at the point of use of the process gas as well as the need for a return line from the point of use to the process gas supply system to purge the process line. A process gas is contained in a cylinder under pressure. The cylinder is coupled to a process line by the process gas supply system. The process gas supply system includes a gas flow controller and an automatic evacuation system. The gas flow controller controls the supply of the process gas from the cylinder to the process line. In an abnormal event, process gas flow from the cylinder is blocked by the gas flow controller and the automatic evacuation system evacuates the process gas not only from the gas flow
CN201377916Y - Circulating water supply system of solar water heater - Google PatentsCN201377916Y - Circulating water supply system of solar water heater - Google Patents
The utility model discloses a circulating water supply system of a solar water heater, which comprises a heat-insulating water tank and a plurality of glass heat-collecting tubes in parallel arrangement, wherein a circulating water inlet pipe and a circulating water outlet pipe are connected on the heat-insulating water tank, a plurality of connecting pipes are connected in parallel on the circulating water inlet pipe, the number of the connecting pipes corresponds to the number of the glass heat-collecting tubes, each connecting pipe is used for connecting the circulating water inlet pipe and the mouth of the corresponding glass heat-collecting tube, a plurality of metal slim tubes are connected in parallel on the circulating water outlet pipe, the number of the metal slim tubes corresponds to the number of the glass heat-collecting tubes, and each metal slim tube is inserted from the mouth of the corresponding glass heat-collecting tube until reaching the bottom of the glass heat-collecting tube
Developing a model for disinfection by-products based on multiple regression analysis in a water distribution system | Journal...Developing a model for disinfection by-products based on multiple regression analysis in a water distribution system | Journal...
The characteristics of disinfection by-product (DBP) formation in the distribution system of Hiroshima City were investigated. Then a model was developed for predicting DBPs based on multiple regression analysis. Potassium permanganate consumption value (KMnO4), free chlorine residual concentration (Cl2), pH, water temperature (WT) and residence time (RT) were confirmed to have an influence on DBP formation in the distribution system and used as independent variables.. The correlation coefficients between the logarithmic values of the predicted DBPs and those of the observed DBPs were higher than 0.7. In addition, the seasonal change patterns of the predicted DBPs were very similar to those observed in some DBPs. The model is helpful for managing the DBPs in water distribution systems. ...
Reconciliation Strategy for the Western Cape Water Supply System - Study AreaReconciliation Strategy for the Western Cape Water Supply System - Study Area
The Western Cape Water Supply System (WCWSS) provides water to the communities of Greater Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Paarl and Wellington, as well as to towns on the West Coast and in the Swartland region. Irrigators along the Berg and Eerste rivers and irrigators and urban users in the Riviersonderend catchment, in the Breede Water Management Area (WMA), also receive water from the system. The major water user from the WCWSS is the urban sector within the City of Cape Town (CCT).. The main storage dams of the WCWSS are the Theewaterskloof and Voëlvlei dams (owned and operated by the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS); the Berg River Dam (owned by the Trans Caledon Tunnel Authority and operated by the DWS) and the Wemmershoek, Upper Steenbras and Lower Steenbras dams (owned and operated by the CCT). The water storage in the system is evaluated towards the end of the wet season (no later than 1 November), to assess whether or not supplies must be restricted for the following year, to ensure ...
ASMscience | Microbes in Pipes: The Microbiology of the Water Distribution SystemASMscience | Microbes in Pipes: The Microbiology of the Water Distribution System
Non-microbiologists may assume that the goal of water utilities should be the elimination of all microbes from our drinking water. But the water we drink has never been sterile; perfectly safe water contains millions of non-pathogenic microbes in every glassful. Like every other human built environment, the entire water distribution system - every reservoir, every well, every pipe, and every faucet - is home to hundreds or thousands of species of bacteria, algae, invertebrates, and viruses, most of which are completely harmless to humans. In April, 2012, the American Academy of Microbiology convened a colloquium to assess what is known about the microbial inhabitants of the water distribution system and to propose goals for advancing our understanding of these communities in order to enhance the safety of our drinking water and the resilience of our water infrastructure.
Maanshan Goody PVCU Water Supply Pressure Pipe - HDPE Drainage PipeMaanshan Goody PVCU Water Supply Pressure Pipe - HDPE Drainage Pipe
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Domestic Water Supply | Polypipe InternationalDomestic Water Supply | Polypipe International
Our blue MDPE pipes are available in diameters from 20 to 63mm and are designed for underground potable water services for the connection of individual properties to distribution mains and are kitemarked to BS EN 12201. Black MDPE pipes in diameters from 20 to 63mm are used for potable water above ground and are also kitemarked to BS EN 12201. Black MDPE pipe can also be used for non potable water applications.. All service pipes are available in coil sizes of 25, 50, 100 and 150 metres. ...
Private water supplies · East Ayrshire CouncilPrivate water supplies · East Ayrshire Council
All private water supplies in Scotland now have to be routinely tested in accordance with the Private Water Supplies (Scotland) Regulations 2006.. The frequency of testing depends on the size of the supply or the use it is being put to. Where a private supply is being used for a commercial activity such as meat processing or food production for example, sampling must be carried out annually. Commercial activity includes bed and breakfast or holiday lettings. Sampling is also on an annual basis where the supply serves fifty or more people. Small supplies are sampled every four years.. The cost of sampling is borne by the supply holders and varies depending on the analysis required. Grants may be available for the upgrading of sub-standard supplies.. Sampling and administration of the grant scheme is carried out by the Pollution Control Team within Environmental Health.. ...
Domestic water supply using rainwater harvesting - WRAP: Warwick Research Archive PortalDomestic water supply using rainwater harvesting - WRAP: Warwick Research Archive Portal
World-wide pressure on water resources is mounting as populations grow, consumption per capita increases, fossil water resources are mined and the climate changes. Domestic water usage is a significant component of water demand. Under favourable circumstances, it can be met in part or in whole by rainwater collected close to an individual dwelling. Interest in such systems is growing especially in rural areas where either rainfall is well distributed through the year, or where surface water is absent, groundwater mineralized and centralized piped supplies unaffordable. Roofwater collection is also being practised on low-rise and high-rise buildings in some cities having wet climates, The principles and components of rainwater harvesting are reviewed. Factors leading to the growing use of domestic rainwater harvesting in three different developing countries (North China, East Africa cmd Singapore) as case studies are discussed along with current practices, design options for system components ...
city water supply | BCB Property Managementcity water supply | BCB Property Management
With such a massive population, New York Citys water supply has its work cut out which is why the citys internal system still stands as one of the most intricate. The Big Apples water supply serves a span of 125 miles while delivering one billion gallons of drinking water to over nine million people.. As far as the origins of the citys water system - in 1842, the City decided to impound water from the Croton River via the Old Croton Aqueduct. The aqueduct had a capacity of about 90 million gallons per day. In 1883 the city then formed a commission to build a second aqueduct from the Croton watershed in addition to more storage reservoirs.. The Board of Water Supply was established in 1905 by the State Legislature as well as the Catskill region developed to be an additional water source for the city. The Board of Water Supply proceeded to plan and construct facilities to impound the waters of the Esopus Creek to deliver the water throughout NYC.. Water for this system is impounded in three ...
A Regenerative Water Supply System for the ISS Russian Segment - SAE InternationalA Regenerative Water Supply System for the ISS Russian Segment - SAE International
This paper reviews the design and properties of the Water Supply System (WSS). It also discusses the water balance and its delivery amounts, as well as it presents diagrams and properties of water recovery system from humidity condensate WRS-CM and regeneration from urine WRS-UM which are the part of WSS. Some results of activities conducted for provision of water intake in a system of WRS-CM from different modules of station are shown and the problems of WSS interaction of Russian segment (RS) and American segment (USOS) of the International Space Station (ISS) are discussed ...
DUGi: Ítem | DUGiDocs - Automatic diagnosis of voltage disturbances in power distribution networksDUGi: Ítem | DUGiDocs - Automatic diagnosis of voltage disturbances in power distribution networks
DUGi: Viewing Item from repository DUGiDocs: This thesis proposes a framework for identifying the root-cause of a voltage disturbance, as well as, its source location (upstream/downstream) from the monitoring place. The framework works with three-phase voltage and current waveforms collected in radial distribution networks without distributed generation. Real-world and synthetic waveforms are used to test it. The framework involves features that are conceived based on electrical principles, and assuming some hypothesis on the analyzed phenomena. Features considered are based on waveforms and timestamp information. Multivariate analysis of variance and rule induction algorithms are applied to assess the amount of meaningful information explained by each feature, according to the root-cause of the disturbance and its source location. The obtained classification rates show that the proposed framework could be used for automatic diagnosis of voltage disturbances collected in radial distribution networks.
What is the Significance of Direct Water Supply System?What is the Significance of Direct Water Supply System?
The Direct Water Supply System supplies healthy water directly from the purification plants to household consumers without going through tanks.
Conventional and alternative water supply systems: a life cycle study on Environmental XPRTConventional and alternative water supply systems: a life cycle study on Environmental XPRT
Article Conventional and alternative water supply systems: a life cycle study. Research on urban development to date has tended to focus on buildings and their performance in terms of associated energy and environmental impacts. Although, many detail...
Water Supply System of Metropolitan Boston | Weston, MAWater Supply System of Metropolitan Boston | Weston, MA
The Water Supply System of Metropolitan Boston was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 18, 1990, as a Thematic Resources Area (TRA ...
Water Supply System - MATLAB & SimulinkWater Supply System - MATLAB & Simulink
This example shows a water supply system consisting of three pumping stations located at 45, 25, and 30 m with respect to to the reference plane, respectively.
WSA 03-2011-3.1 Water Supply Code of Australia (Melbourne Retail Water Agencies (MRWA) Edition Version 2 | Water Services...WSA 03-2011-3.1 Water Supply Code of Australia (Melbourne Retail Water Agencies (MRWA) Edition Version 2 | Water Services...
The Melbourne Retail Water Agencies (MRWA) Edition Version 2.0 of the Water Supply Code of Australia, WSA 03-2011 Version 3.1 addresses the planning, design, construction, testing and commissioning of drinking water and non-drinking water supplies.. This edition incorporates the specific requirements of City West Water, South East Water and Yarra Valley Water and includes links to on-line appendices, standard drawings and MRWA specifications. The Code comprises over 270 pages, 24 tables, 37 figures and links to references that provides the utility, designer and constructor guidance in providing cost-effective, sustainable water services to the Australian community and its commercial and industrial enterprises.. Updates to the MRWA edition can be downloaded from the MRWA websites of City West Water, South East Water and Yarra Valley Water. http://www.mrwa.com.au. Other agencies in Victoria have adopted this Code. Please confirm with individual agencies before deciding on what edition to ...
Water Supply - Metropolitan CouncilWater Supply - Metropolitan Council
All communities that have public water supplies in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area are required to prepare water supply plans as part of their local comprehensive plan. Communities and utility boards must officially adopt the plan along with the local comprehensive plan.. Communities without public water supplies do not need to prepare a water supply plan, but should include information about plans to protect private water supplies in appropriate sections of the local comprehensive plan, described in the sections on conservation and reuse, source water protection, and sub-regional collaboration.. ...
Find New England Sites - SAVAGE MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY WELLFind New England Sites - SAVAGE MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY WELL
The Savage Municipal Water Supply Well site covers approximately 235 acres, is located about 5 miles west of the center of Milford, and consists of a municipal well and the underlying aquifer. The Savage Municipal Well operated from 1960 to 1983, during which it supplied approximately 45 percent of Milfords drinking water, averaging about 200,000 gallons per day. The remainder of the Towns water supply was provided by the Keyes and Kokko Wells. Land uses within the site area include residential, agricultural, heavy and light industry, commercial enterprises, and aquaculture. Contamination was first discovered at the site as a result of a State-wide drinking water sampling program in 1983. The Savage Municipal Well and a nearby contaminated well supplying drinking water to a trailer park were later closed. At that time, the State began investigations to locate the source of contaminants that were also present in the wastes of nearby industries. Industry and fish hatcheries also withdraw water ...
Hot Water Systems | Temperature Controlled | Gas Hot WaterHot Water Systems | Temperature Controlled | Gas Hot Water
Looking for hot water systems in Adelaide? Gas Works has the widest range of hot water systems and great prices to match. Whether you are after gas, electric or solar hot water solutions, we have a hot water system to suit your needs. We can also find solutions for any size of home or premises. Generating hot water can account for up to a quarter of a households energy usage, so it is important to get a hot water system that will suit your needs. A typical hot water system will last for around 10 years, if you are nearing the end of that lifespan it might be time to think about your next hot water solution, there is nothing worse than being left without hot water. If you have found yourself in this situation, Gas Works can help you choose a new hot water system and install it for you, making sure you arent without hot water for long.. ...
Real Estate Council of British Columbia - Water SupplyReal Estate Council of British Columbia - Water Supply
In the case of unproven water supply from either an existing or a new source, the buyer will be concerned not only with quality but also with quantity.. When a property is connected to a municipal or community water supply, water is often taken for granted. The rural experience is often quite different - water conservation practices being the rule rather than the exception. When the water supply expected by the buyer disappears, the consequences can be disastrous.. During examinations for discovery in an Alberta case, the plaintiff buyers testified that the water supply was much less than capable of meeting their familys needs. As a result, a number of extraordinary measures were required. Two members of the family showered in the morning and the other members showered in the evening. They could not do any watering in the yard and they flushed the toilets only when absolutely necessary. That sort of evidence has the potential to generate considerable sympathy at trial.. What should a licensee ...
Biofilms in potable water distribution systemsBiofilms in potable water distribution systems
High bacterial populations in potable water distribution systems, sometimes referred to as events or blooms, have troubled utilities because of their possible implications for the hygienic safety and taste and odor of their product. Before considering the contribution of biofilm accumulation to these high bacterial populations in distribution systems, some terminology must be clarified with regard to drinking water bacteriology ...
Tualatin Basin Water Supply Program Environmental Planning and Permitting | David Evans and Associates, Inc.Tualatin Basin Water Supply Program Environmental Planning and Permitting | David Evans and Associates, Inc.
The Tualatin Basin Water Supply Project (TBWSP) is an investment in the health and sustainability of the regions watershed, economy, and community. Clean Water Services vision for "dependable, safe and secure fresh water to ensure the long-term economic health and livability" of the region is paramount.. From 2003 through mid-2012, DEA worked with Clean Water Services and the Water Supply Partners to provide environmental planning and permitting assistance for the TBWSP. As part of this effort, DEA prepared a Draft Planning Report/Environmental Impact Statement with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation as the lead federal agency. The water supply alternatives included raising the existing Scoggins Dam at Henry Hagg Lake, constructing a pipeline to an existing water treatment plant, and providing a multiple-source option that included a Willamette River pipeline. Areas of particular concern included potential impacts to wetlands, fish and wildlife habitat, water quality, and recreation.. DEA also ...
Domestic Water Supply in Spain - Barcelona - AngloinfoDomestic Water Supply in Spain - Barcelona - Angloinfo
Local municipalities usually control the water supply in Spain and pass on the responsibility of distribution to a private or public company. The sell...
The Seventh Video on Community Water Supply ManagementThe Seventh Video on Community Water Supply Management
This 15-minute video presentation is an appeal to decision-makers to support rural communities in their efforts to manage their water supplies. The video...
Assessing biological stability of drinking water without disinfectant residuals in a full-scale water supply system | DORA EawagAssessing biological stability of drinking water without disinfectant residuals in a full-scale water supply system | DORA Eawag
Biological stability refers to the inability of drinking water to support microbial growth. This phenomenon was studied in a full-scale drinking water treatment and distribution system of the city of Zürich (Switzerland). The system treats lake water with successive ozonation and biological filtration steps and distributes the water without any disinfectant residuals. Chemical and microbiological parameters, notably dissolved organic carbon (DOC), assimilable organic carbon (AOC), heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) and flow-cytometric total cell concentration (TCC), were measured over an 18-month period. We observed a direct correlation between changes in the TCC, DOC and AOC concentrations during treatment; an increase in cell concentration was always associated with a decrease in organic carbon. This pattern was, however, not discerned with the conventional HPC method. The treated water contained on average a TCC of 8.97 × 104 cells ml-1, a DOC concentration of 0.78 mg l-1 and an AOC ...
Eukaryotic community diversity and spatial variation during drinking water production (by seawater desalination) and...Eukaryotic community diversity and spatial variation during drinking water production (by seawater desalination) and...
In the drinking water samples taken at 5 tap locations in the same drinking water distribution network (Fig. S1,† TP1-TP5), different eukaryotic communities were identified within each of the tap water samples. These differences may reflect the existence of a variety of microhabitats defined by complex environmental conditions existing in the distribution network (reservoir, pipes and premise plumbing) that affect the eukaryotic community composition and structure. Both the number of shared eukaryotic groups and their relative abundance varied between the PW (drinking water feeding the network) and each of the tap water samples in the network (except Gastrotrich detected only in TP4). In addition, the taxonomic diversity of the fungal community in the network was higher than observed in the PW (Fig. S4†). Results showed that the core community shared between the PW and the all combined tap water samples was composed of 84 OTUs (28.1%). The core community between the PW and each of the tap ...
Market Size, Water Utilities and Supply Systems Revenues Market Size Forecasts Benchmarks Analysis - Plunkett Research, Ltd.Market Size, Water Utilities and Supply Systems Revenues Market Size Forecasts Benchmarks Analysis - Plunkett Research, Ltd.
Download this in-depth Market Research, Revenues, Forecasts and Benchmarks Report for the Water Utilities and Supply Systems Revenues Market Size Forecasts Benchmarks Analysis, Including Statistics, Trends, Averages, Top Companies, Profits and Income Statements.
3PE High Density Polyethylene HDPE pipe with low price for Municipal water supply from Luoyang Runguo Pipes Co.,Ltd on...3PE High Density Polyethylene HDPE pipe with low price for Municipal water supply from Luoyang Runguo Pipes Co.,Ltd on...
3PE High Density Polyethylene HDPE pipe with low price for Municipal water supply from Luoyang Runguo Pipes Co.,Ltd located in Luoyang, Henan, China at Polyethylene PE Pipes.
Deadly Amoeba Found For First Time In Municipal Water Supply | WYSODeadly Amoeba Found For First Time In Municipal Water Supply | WYSO
Louisiana officials say they identified for the first time a dangerous form of amoeba in a municipal water supply. It was found after a 4-year-old boy died of a brain infection caused by the amoeba. They say this may make it easier to diagnose cases of encephalitis with unknown causes.
British Isles Hydrographical map Drainage basins/watersheds STANFORD 1874British Isles Hydrographical map Drainage basins/watersheds STANFORD 1874
Antique map Hydrographical Map of the British Isles prepared for the Rivers Pollution Commission. Sixth Report - The Domestic Water Supply of Great Britain 1874. (1874) Published by Edward Stanford, Charing Cross, 1874 from Sixth Report of the Commissioners appointed in 1868 to inquire into the Best Means of Preventing the Pollution of Rivers. The Domestic Water Supply of Great Britain. Presented to both House of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. London: Printed by George Edward Eyre & William Spottiswoode, printers to the Queens Most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majestys Stationery Office. 1874
Irish Water advises customers that Loughrea Public Water Supply continues to be safe for consumption | News | Irish WaterIrish Water advises customers that Loughrea Public Water Supply continues to be safe for consumption | News | Irish Water
Irish Water would like to assure customers supplied by the Loughrea Public Water Supply that their water supply is fully compliant with all drinking water regulations. Find out more.
Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji w m.st. Warszawie S.A. Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Company in Warsaw...Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji w m.st. Warszawie S.A. Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Company in Warsaw...
Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji w m.st. Warszawie S.A. Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Company in Warsaw Joint Stock Company raport roczny annual report spis treści 2 List
NWA 2012 : Sydney : Line item notes : 3.1 Urban water supply systemNWA 2012 : Sydney : Line item notes : 3.1 Urban water supply system
Water stored in components such as pipes, tanks and channels in these systems could not be quantified with data that were complete, neutral and free from material error. Therefore they are not included in the water accounting statements. The impact of this omission is not considered material on the water balance of the urban water store.. ...
Adapted hydropower-driven water supply system: assessment of an underground application in an Indonesian karst areaAdapted hydropower-driven water supply system: assessment of an underground application in an Indonesian karst area
Populated karst landscapes can be found all over the world, although their natural boundary conditions mostly lead to distinct challenges regarding a sustainable water supply. Especially in developing and emerging countries, this situation aggravates since appropriate technologies and water management concepts are rarely available. Against this background, the interdisciplinary, German-Indonesian joint project Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Indonesia, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), focused on the development and exemplary implementation of adapted techniques to remedy the partly severe water scarcity in the region Gunung Sewu. This karst area, widely known as Javas poorhouse, is located on the southern coast of Java Island and distinctly suffers from the mentioned constraints. Under the aegis of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), the conceptual and technical achievements of the IWRM Indonesia joint research project are ...
Fluoride Action Network | Voters in Houston to decide on fluoride in citys water supplyFluoride Action Network | Voters in Houston to decide on fluoride in city's water supply
Counties all across the Ozarks are seeing a large absentee vote leading up to whats expected to be a great turnout for Election Day.. Everyone will have their say on statewide amendments and propositions but for folks in Houston, an extra question is on their ballot.. Shall the City of Houston continue adding hydrofluorosilicic acid to create fluoride in the municipal water supply?. The City of Houston has had fluoride in the citys water since a city council vote in 2002.. Local dentist Dr. Joe Richardson is all for keeping fluoride in the citys water.. "Its a proven dental health benefit. Its been around for 70 years. Its the most studied public health measure there is out there because its been around this long. There are no peer reviewed scientific journals that have studies that show negative effects of the anti-fluoridation people will tell you," Richardson said.. Richardson says those against fluoride try to use the term hydrofluorosilicic acid as a scare tactic.. He says if the ...
ORDER CONTINUING CASE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE [re 15 Stipulation filed by United States Environmental Protection Agency] for El...ORDER CONTINUING CASE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE [re 15 Stipulation filed by United States Environmental Protection Agency] for El...
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IGNACIA S. MORENO Assistant Attorney General Environment & Natural Resources Division PAUL CIRINO United States Department of Justice Environment & Natural Resources Division P.O. Box 23986 Washington, D.C. 20026-3986 Telephone: (202) 514-1542 Facsimile: (202) 514-8865 [email protected] 8 Attorneys for Defendants 9 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 10 11 FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 12 SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION 13 14 15 EL COMITÉ PARA EL BIENESTAR DE EARLIMART and ASSOCIATION OF IRRITATED RESIDENTS, 16 17 18 19 Case No. 11-cv-3779 WHA [PROPOSED] ORDER REGARDING ADJOURNMENT OF INITIAL CASE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE Plaintiffs, vs. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, LISA JACKSON, and JARED BLUMENFELD, 20 Defendants. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Proposed Order 1 Case No. 11-cv-3779 WHA 1 The parties have filed a Stipulation with the Court representing that they have conflicts 2 on the date on which the Initial Case Management Conference has been scheduled. After 3 ...
State of Oklahoma public water supply program annual compliance report :: Documents.OK.GovState of Oklahoma public water supply program annual compliance report :: Documents.OK.Gov
State of Oklahoma Page 1 June 30, 2011 Public Water Supply Program 2010 Annual Compliance Report 2010 State of Oklahoma Public Water Supply Program Annual Compliance Report Water Quality Division Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality June 30th, 2011State of Oklahoma Page 2 June 30, 2011 Public Water Supply Program 2010 Annual Compliance Report State of Oklahoma Public Water Supply Program Annual Compliance Report for Calendar Year 2010 The Drinking Water Program: An Overview The EPA established the Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Program under the authority of the 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Under the SDWA and the 1986 Amendments, EPA sets national limits on contaminant levels in drinking water to ensure that the water is safe for human consumption. These limits are known as Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDLs). For some regulations, EPA establishes treatment techniques in lieu of an MCL to control unacceptable levels of ...
State of Oklahoma public water supply program annual compliance report :: Documents.OK.GovState of Oklahoma public water supply program annual compliance report :: Documents.OK.Gov
State of Oklahoma Page 1 June 30, 2011 Public Water Supply Program 2010 Annual Compliance Report 2010 State of Oklahoma Public Water Supply Program Annual Compliance Report Water Quality Division Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality June 30th, 2011State of Oklahoma Page 2 June 30, 2011 Public Water Supply Program 2010 Annual Compliance Report State of Oklahoma Public Water Supply Program Annual Compliance Report for Calendar Year 2010 The Drinking Water Program: An Overview The EPA established the Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Program under the authority of the 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). Under the SDWA and the 1986 Amendments, EPA sets national limits on contaminant levels in drinking water to ensure that the water is safe for human consumption. These limits are known as Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDLs). For some regulations, EPA establishes treatment techniques in lieu of an MCL to control unacceptable levels of ...
010690010690
ORDINANCE NO. 010690. Approving a $82,000.00 service contract with Embassy Lawn & Landscaping Inc. for Contract No. 036A Mowing Services for a one-year period at Water Services Department Wastewater Facilities (Sections 1 and 4); and authorizing expenditure of $89,825.00 in funding therefor.. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF KANSAS CITY:. Section 1. That an $82,000.00 contract between Kansas City, Missouri, through its Director of Water Services, and Embassy Lawn & Landscaping Inc. for mowing services at various Water Services Department wastewater facilities is hereby approved and confirmed. A copy of said contract is on file in the office of the Director of Water Services.. Section 2. That the Director of Water Services is hereby authorized to expend up to the sum of $89,825.00 from funds previously appropriated to the following accounts to satisfy the cost of this contract including contingencies.. 02-801-080-2200-B Water Supply-Maint $71,185.00. 02-811-080-2225-B Industrial Waste Control ...
Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis Decline after Membrane Filtration of Public Water Supplies, England, 1996-2002 - Volume 11, Number 2...Sporadic Cryptosporidiosis Decline after Membrane Filtration of Public Water Supplies, England, 1996-2002 - Volume 11, Number 2...
The incidence of sporadic cryptosporidiosis among 106,000 residents of 2 local government districts in northwest England before and after installation of membrane filtration of public water supplies was compared to that of 59,700 residents whose public water supplies remained unchanged. A national outbreak of foot and mouth disease in livestock during 2001 was associated with a decline in sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in all regions of the United Kingdom. In a Poisson regression model, membrane filtration was associated with an estimated 79% reduction (incidence ratio 0.207, 95% confidence intervals 0.099-0.431, p < 0.0001) after adjustment for the interval of the foot and mouth disease epidemic and the water source. Despite the confounding effect of that epidemic, membrane filtration of the public water supply was effective in reducing the risk for sporadic human Cryptosporidium infection in this population.
TCEQ Public Water Systems Water Storage Tank Requirements - Acer Water TanksTCEQ Public Water Systems Water Storage Tank Requirements - Acer Water Tanks
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Public Water System I.D. No. Water Supply Division TCEQ Log. No. Plan Review Team MC-159 P.O. Box 13087, Austin, Texas 78711-3087 The following list is a brief outline of the "Rules for Public Water Systems", 30 TAC Chapter 290 regarding proposed water storage tank construction. Sealed plans, capacity report, and specifications meeting, but not limited to, the minimum requirements cited here shall be prepared under the supervision of a Texas licensed professional engineer and submitted to TCEQ for approval. This list is not a substitute for the rules and this checklist cannot be accepted in lieu of the required engineering submittals. Failure to submit the following items may delay project approval. Copies of the rules may be obtained from Texas Register, 1019 Brazos St, Austin, TX, 78701-2413, Phone: (512) 463-5561 or downloaded from the website: http://www.tceq.texas.gov/rules/indxpdf.html ...
Drinking Water supply System in RajasthanDrinking Water supply System in Rajasthan
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Rural Water Supply - Water Currents, July 24, 2017 | Sanitation UpdatesRural Water Supply - Water Currents, July 24, 2017 | Sanitation Updates
Rural Water Supply - Water Currents, July 24, 2017 This issue on Rural Water Supply highlights a wide range of publications and studies from 2016 and 2017, including presentations from the latest Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) forum, reports from UNICEF, the Innovation Policy Platform, and others. Also included are links to websites with information…
China 3tph RO Pure Water Treatment Plant Price - China RO Pure Water Treatment Plant Price, Reverse OsmosisChina 3tph RO Pure Water Treatment Plant Price - China RO Pure Water Treatment Plant Price, Reverse Osmosis
China 3tph RO Pure Water Treatment Plant Price, Find details about China RO Pure Water Treatment Plant Price, Reverse Osmosis from 3tph RO Pure Water Treatment Plant Price - Guangzhou Kai Yuan Water Treatment Equipment Co., Ltd.
United States Environmental Protection Agency - WikipediaUnited States Environmental Protection Agency - Wikipedia
On July 9, 1970, Nixon proposed an executive reorganization that consolidated many environmental responsibilities of the federal government under one agency, a new Environmental Protection Agency.[21] This proposal included merging antipollution programs from a number of departments, such as the combination of pesticide programs from the United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Interior, and U.S. Department of Interior.[22] After conducting hearings during that summer, the House and Senate approved the proposal. The EPA was created 90 days before it had to operate,[23] and officially opened its doors on December 2, 1970. The agencys first Administrator, William Ruckelshaus, took the oath of office on December 4, 1970.[11] In its first year, the EPA had a budget of $1.4 billion and 5,800 employees.[22] At its start, the EPA was primarily a technical assistance agency that set goals and standards. Soon, new acts and amendments passed by Congress gave the agency its regulatory ...
Water Utilities // Smart Solution to Improve Water-Energy Nexus for Water Supply Systems | News | Nexus - The Water, Energy &...Water Utilities // Smart Solution to Improve Water-Energy Nexus for Water Supply Systems | News | Nexus - The Water, Energy &...
By Jorge Helmbrechta, Jordi Pastorb and Carolina Moyac. The Water-Energy Nexus is considered as one of the most important multidisciplinary challenges that the global growing water market has to face in the forthcoming years. The current trend of water transmission system to the creation of DMAs (District Metered Areas) offers great possibilities of non-structural solutions that use existing data and transform them into useful information to support decision making. This paper presents a smart solution, developed combining key factors of the energy consumption and the water supply into water networks management to obtain improvements from both water and energy fields.
United States Environmental Protection Agency | US EPAUnited States Environmental Protection Agency | US EPA
As part of the 50th anniversary celebration, EPA is highlighting its enforcement and compliance programs in protecting human health and the environment ...
National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program - African Development BankNational Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program - African Development Bank
1. The National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program (NRWSSP) was developed with the involvement of all the key stakeholders. The GRZ and other stakeholders are strongly committed to its implementation, as are the cooperating partners who have indicated funding to the sector. The program design has taken into account experiences and lessons learnt from past interventions in the water sector, particularly the rural water supply and sanitation sub-sector.. 2The design of the program has taken into account lessons learnt from the Banks RWSSI and the experience of other donors. These lessons include, the adoption of demand driven and program approach based on decentralized implementation by communities, fast tracking through the use of country system and avoiding delays in starting, and implementing the program activities so that the objectives are attained on time.. 3The NRWSSP creates the conditions to improve the sustainability of the sub-sector through a better policy that will enhance ...
Domestic Water Supply - Moscow - AngloinfoDomestic Water Supply - Moscow - Angloinfo
The supply of water and wastewater services in Russia is provided by state-run organisations alongside an increasing number of large private companies...
Water Treatment Plants - Drinking Water Treatment Plants Manufacturer from Greater NoidaWater Treatment Plants - Drinking Water Treatment Plants Manufacturer from Greater Noida
Manufacturer of Water Treatment Plants - Drinking Water Treatment Plants, Ozone Disinfection Plants, De-Mineralization Plants and Water Softening Plants offered by Akar Impex Private Limited, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
DHB push to Fluoridate Nelson Public Water supply | infonews.co.nz New Zealand NewsDHB push to Fluoridate Nelson Public Water supply | infonews.co.nz New Zealand News
Dirty Politics takes on a different hue as the DHB pushes to contaminate the Public water supply - Minister of Health, Dr Coleman, signed into law a Regulation which exempts all chemicals containing fluoride from being considered medicines if they are delivered via the public water supply - Fluoride has recently has been classified as a neurotoxicant
Drinking water safety in recreational parks in northern New South Wales, Australia - ResearchOnline@JCUDrinking water safety in recreational parks in northern New South Wales, Australia - [email protected]
The objective of this study was to assess whether the drinking water supplies in northern New South Wales (NSW) recreational parks conformed to the recommendations of the NSW Private Water Supply Guidelines. Water supplies in 57 recreational parks were surveyed to assess implementation of the Guidelines. A random sample of five parks (excluding reticulated town water supply or rainwater) was selected for microbiological sampling over a 12-month period. Additional nine samples were collected from carted water supplies. Forty-four of the 57 water supplies were untreated. Escherichia coli was detected in 16 of 59 monthly samples. Two of 36 treated water samples showed contamination by E. coli compared to 14 of 23 untreated water samples. Three of nine carted water supplies had E. coli at initial sampling. Thirty-four supplies had warning signs posted somewhere in the park. Twenty-one drinking water tanks had evidence of physical deterioration. No supply had a risk-based drinking water management ...
Obsolete, Outdated, Improvable: Dams and Water Supply in the Carolinas | American RiversObsolete, Outdated, Improvable: Dams and Water Supply in the Carolinas | American Rivers
Sometimes, the solution needs some creativity. Ensuring reliable clean water supplies from our rivers and streams has been a strategy since the dawn of society. Historically, people built dams to create pools of water so that they could pipe water out of the pool. In many cases these water supplies are now in jeopardy as the dam ages. The question arises- can we remove the dam to restore the river and sustain the reliable water supply? American Rivers is working with communities along the Cape Fear River and the Tuckasegee River in the Carolinas to solve this question. Often, the solution requires big-picture thinking: Our priority is ensuring reliable clean water supplies for people and nature through all our work. It is a balance and area where we are pulling our communities of practice together to solve this problem. Can we use less water? On the Cape Fear River, American Rivers is working with communities to develop strategies- like greater water efficiency and eliminating wasted water- that ...
Overview | Punjab Water Supply & Sewerage BoardOverview | Punjab Water Supply & Sewerage Board
The Punjab Water Supply & Sewerage Board was set up under the Punjab Act No. 28 of 1976 for the purpose of regulation and development of drinking water supply and sewerage services in the urban areas of the Punjab State. Prior to the formation of pwssb such services were being performed by the Punjab, PWD, Public Health Deptt. The functions of the Board as defined in the Act are as under: -. The Supply of potable water including planning, design, construction, maintenance, operation & management of water supply system.. Sewerage, Sewerage Disposal and sewerage treatment works including planning, design, construction, maintenance, operation & management of all sewerage and sewerage treatment works.. ...
Framework for local government to implement integrated water resource management linked to water service deliveryFramework for local government to implement integrated water resource management linked to water service delivery
Introduction Internationally, in recent years, a more integrated approach to the management of natural resources has been advocated. Integrated water resource management (IWRM) is such a process and it promotes the co-ordinated development and management of water and land so as to maximise economic and social welfare without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems (Global Water Partnership, 2000; DWAF, 2004a). One of the aims of IWRM is to improve all aspects of water resource management progressively - the way we collect water, store water, distribute water, conserve water and keep water pure. IWRM thus aims to find a balance between the social, environmental and technological perspectives of water resource management. The South African National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998) (NWA) promotes an integrated catchment-based approach to water resource management. The law promotes a more equitable and sustainable use of our water and makes water everybodys business. Since we all have a ...
Download Content Distribution Networks: An Engineering ApproachDownload Content Distribution Networks: An Engineering Approach
My next, 3D download content distribution s me this time- control s p190 earth. This download content distribution networks: nt looks me a chronic percent of Simulation. Our download is Gods acetylation.
Coliform bacteria found in GB drinking waterColiform bacteria found in GB drinking water
The City of Great Bend public water supply system violated a drinking water microbiological standard for total coliforms in its distribution system during September 2010, said Donald Craig, director of public works. Although this is not an emergency, you as customers have a right to know what happened and what is being done to correct the situation.. "We routinely monitor for the presence of total coliform bacteria in our drinking water 15 times a month tested in 15 different zones," Craig said.. "This is not an Emergency." Total coliform bacteria are generally not harmful themselves. Coliforms are bacteria which are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other; potentially-harmful, bacteria may be present.. Coliforms were found in more samples than allowed and this was a warning of potential problems, the director said. Usually coliforms are a sign that there could be a problem with the treatment or distribution systems (pipes). "Whenever we detect coliform ...
Efficiency Evaluation of Powdered Activated Carbon as Coagulant aid in Ahvaz Water Treatment Plant - Caspian Journal of Applied...Efficiency Evaluation of Powdered Activated Carbon as Coagulant aid in Ahvaz Water Treatment Plant - Caspian Journal of Applied...
In recent decades, increasing pollution of water resources has caused higher rates of organic pollutants in water resources. Considering the surface water resources as one of the main water supplies in many regions of Iran and the application of chlorination for disinfecting drinking water has increased the rate of disinfection By-Products (DBPs) formation. Trihalomethanes (THMs) as the main group of DBPs are categorized and considered to have the potentiality of increasing the rate of liver, kidney and CNS adverse effects. This study which presents experimental results, aimed at the reduction of organic matters by the use of powdered activated carbon (PAC) in the process of coagulation in Koot Amir water treatment plant in Ahwaz city, the affection of two coagulant such as Ferric chloride and Poly aluminum chloride (PACl) with PAC in removing Total Organic Carbon (TOC) considering different elements such as concentration and the kind of coagulants, concentration of PAC, pH changes and contact ...
paul gregutts washington wine blog - unfined & unfiltered: important public service announcementpaul gregutt's washington wine blog - unfined & unfiltered: important public service announcement
5. Switching back to water - most modern water supply systems are far better and more bacteria free than the taste of the water might imply. For the statistic quoted above to be true, there would have to be almost 3 grams of E. Coli bacteria in each liter of water you drink. I could see that being the case in stagnant pond water, but theres no possible way that youd find anywhere near that amount in any sort of drinking water, once it was filtered and chlorinated. There might be a good deal of rust in your pipes, but harmful bacteria in the water supply are not usually a major concern in modern societies. And, when the water supply system does become contaminated for a short period of time, especially by harmful strains of E. Coli, warnings are posted just about everywhere ...
Performance of Household Water Treatment Methods for Microbial Removal under Household Conditions in Kabale District, UgandaPerformance of Household Water Treatment Methods for Microbial Removal under Household Conditions in Kabale District, Uganda
Despite the Ugandan government efforts to improve access to safe water sources, the rate at which diseases spread as a result of unsafe drinking water is absolutely high. The purpose the study was to assess the performance of household water treatment methods (HWT) and evaluate their ability to improve the microbial quality of drinking water under household conditions in Kabale District. We randomly selected 205 households, where we collected treated and untreated water samples. We analyzed 46 paired samples (untreated and treated) of drinking water from 46 households that reported treated water available. Samples were analyzed for total coliforms and Escherichia coli, the major indicators of biological contamination of drinking water, to measure effectiveness of treatment under household conditions. All reported HWT did not significantly improve the microbial quality of drinking water. Mean log10 total coliforms removal were 0.7 log10 (40.1%) for boiling method, 0.2 log10 (23.7%) for biosand ...
Patente US7642671 - Power supply system providing two output voltages - Google PatentesPatente US7642671 - Power supply system providing two output voltages - Google Patentes
A power supply system. The power supply system may have a power circuit having a switch and adapted to generate a first output voltage and a second output voltage, depending on the state of the switch. It also includes an output connector coupled to the power circuit, where the output connector includes a plurality of electrical contacts including a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact. A voltage output indicator device is coupled to the first and second electrical contacts. The voltage output indicator device indicates that the power circuit is producing the first output voltage or the second output voltage, so that the user is aware of the voltage being output by the power supply system.
Adaptation of multiple regression analysis to identify effective factors of water losses in water distribution systems | Smart...Adaptation of multiple regression analysis to identify effective factors of water losses in water distribution systems | Smart...
It is important to manage leaks in water distribution systems by smart water technologies. In order to reduce the water loss, researches on the main factors of water pipe network affecting non-revenue water (NRW) are being actively carried out. In recent years, research has been conducted to estimate NRW using statistical analysis techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Research on identifying factors that affect NRW in the target area is actively underway. In this study, Principle components selected through Multiple Regression Analysis are reclassified and applied to NRW estimation using PCA-ANN. The results show that the principal components estimated through PCA are connected to the NRW estimation using ANN. The detailed NRW estimation methodology presented through the study, as a result of simulating PCA-ANN after selecting statistically significant factors by MRA, forward method showed higher NRW estimation accuracy than other MRA methods.
Leech Water Supply Area (Future Water Supply) | CRDLeech Water Supply Area (Future Water Supply) | CRD
The Leech Water Supply Area (WSA) consists of 92 % of the watershed area of the Leech River above the existing tunnel that will be used to divert water to Sooke Lake Reservoir. Based on current water use, it is estimated that it will be several decades before water from the Leech WSA is needed to supplement water storage in Sooke Lake Reservoir.. Many projects and assessments are underway to enhance the restoration of the area for water supply and to improve water quality.. The Leech WSA receives more rainfall and snow than the Sooke and Goldstream Water Supply Areas. The elevation ranges from approximately 200 metres above mean sea level (AMSL) near the intake of the Leech River tunnel to 941 m at the summit of Survey Mountain. The northern portion of the Leech WSA consists of a high elevation plateau with three lakes and numerous wetlands. The main stem rivers (West Leech, Leech, and Craig Creek) flow along deeply incised river valleys toward the south and eventually into Sooke River.. Prior ...
Water Supply & SystemWater Supply & System
The regional water system provides water to San Francisco, Santa Clara, Alameda and San Mateo counties. Eighty-five percent of the water comes from Sierra Nevada snowmelt stored in the Hetch Hetchy reservoir situated on the Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park. Hetch Hetchy water travels 160 miles via gravity from Yosemite to the San Francisco Bay Area. The remaining 15 percent of water comes from runoff in the Alameda and Peninsula watersheds. This local water is captured in reservoirs located in San Mateo and Alameda counties. ...
Crocodile (West) Water Supply System: Maintenance of the Reconciliation StrategyCrocodile (West) Water Supply System: Maintenance of the Reconciliation Strategy
A few other studies are also undertaken in the study area. It is very important for continued liaison between these studies. The studies include, amongst others, the following:. Mokolo-Crocodile Water Augmentation Project Classification of significant water resources in the Mokolo-Matlabas catchment and the Crocodile West and Marico Water Management Area Consolidation of Feasibility Studies for the Bojanala District Municipality in the North West Province into a Bulk Water Master Plan. Validation and verification of water use in the Crocodile West River system Waste Discharge Charge System. ...
EWG Tap Water Database | Stoddard County Public Water Supply District 1 | trans-1,3-DichloropropeneEWG Tap Water Database | Stoddard County Public Water Supply District 1 | trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
EWGs Tap Water Database trans-1,3-Dichloropropene results for Stoddard County Public Water Supply District 1 | trans-1,3-Dichloropropene. Find out what is in your tap water
EWG Tap Water Database | Stoddard County Public Water Supply District 1 | Aldicarb sulfoxideEWG Tap Water Database | Stoddard County Public Water Supply District 1 | Aldicarb sulfoxide
EWGs Tap Water Database Aldicarb sulfoxide results for Stoddard County Public Water Supply District 1 | Aldicarb sulfoxide. Find out what is in your tap water
Water supply and sewage network - total for the country | National statistical instituteWater supply and sewage network - total for the country | National statistical institute
Water supply categories: Self-supply; Public water supply, Irrigation systems and other supply: (raw and reused/ wastewater received from other users).. Gross water abstraction is a sum of fresh water abstracted for distribution and self-supply of the enterprises. Water for production of hydroelectricity is a separate category and not included in the total abstraction. Self-supply of households is not covered.. Returned water: The water abstracted from any fresh water source and discharged back into it without use (primarily at mining and quarrying, and construction activities).. Fresh water net abstraction: the fresh water gross abstraction minus returned water.. Water used is a sum of water used by the categories of supply:. Water losses are formed from physical losses in the transport of water, irregular use, errors in measurements, etc. The volume of losses is aggregated for a group of operators in order to avoid the double counting. On RBD level water losses are calculated using a ...
EPA receives six-month extension to finalize its regulation for perchlorate in drinking waterEPA receives six-month extension to finalize its regulation for perchlorate in drinking water
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency received a six-month extension for finalizing the rule of regulating perchlorate in drinking water. The deadline is now June 19, 2020 to finalize the rule.. The EPA is proposing to set both the enforceable maximum contaminant level (MCL) for the perchlorate regulation and the perchlorate maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) at 0.056 mg/L (56 µg/L). The EPA is proposing requirements for water systems to conduct monitoring and reporting for perchlorate and to provide information about perchlorate to their consumers through public notification and consumer confidence reports.. The proposal includes requirements for primacy agencies that implement the public water system supervision program under the Safe Drinking Water Act. It also includes a list of treatment technologies that would enable water systems to comply with the MCL, including affordable compliance technologies for small systems serving 10,000 persons or less.. The Natural Resources Defense ...
GRP FRP SMC Water Storage Tank Container Made in China - China Water Storage Tank, Water ContainerGRP FRP SMC Water Storage Tank Container Made in China - China Water Storage Tank, Water Container
GRP FRP SMC Water Storage Tank Container Made in China, Find details about China Water Storage Tank, Water Container from GRP FRP SMC Water Storage Tank Container Made in China - Dezhou Huili Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.
Ground water for public water supply at Windigo, Isle Royale National Park, MichiganGround water for public water supply at Windigo, Isle Royale National Park, Michigan
Three test holes drilled at Windigo in Isle Royale National Park in 1981 indicate that the ophitic basaltic lava flows underlying the area contain little water and cannot be considered a source for public water supply. The holes were 135, 175, and 71 feet deep. One hole yielded about 1 gallon of water perminute; the other two yielded less. Glacial deposits seem to offer the best opportunity for developing a ground-water supply of 5 to 10 gallons per minute....
Public Water Systems (PWS)Public Water Systems (PWS)
Characterizing and protecting Ohios ground water quality and ensuring that public water systems provide adequate supplies of safe drinking water.
Public Water Systems (PWS)Public Water Systems (PWS)
Characterizing and protecting Ohios ground water quality and ensuring that public water systems provide adequate supplies of safe drinking water.
Land gift for Te Pōhue water supply | PulseLand gift for Te Pōhue water supply | Pulse
A very generous gift of land from Rayonier Matariki Forests will ensure residents getting their drinking water from Te Pōhues water network will have a safer, more resilient supply. Hastings District Council is upgrading its eight small community water supplies as part of its Hastings Drinking Water Strategy, to improve drinking water safety, resilience and…
Harris-Dawson, LADWP Break Ground on 99th Street Water Treatment PlantHarris-Dawson, LADWP Break Ground on 99th Street Water Treatment Plant
September 15, 2016 LAWT News Service Councilmember Marqueece Harris-Dawson led a groundbreaking ceremony September 8 to mark the beginning of construction of a Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) drinking water treatment facility in South LA.. Also present were LADWP General Manager David H. Wright, 99th Street Elementary Assistant Principal Marissa Borden, LADWP Water System Senior Assistant General Manager Marty Adams, and Board of Water and Power Vice-Chair William Funderburk.. The 99th Street Water Treatment Plant will replace the existing onsite chlorine system with a chloramine system to treat the groundwater pumped and distributed from the 99th Street Pumping Station complex. It will also provide new equipment that will increase safety and reliability for disinfecting the water supply. The facility serves more than 20,000 customers in the Watts and Green Meadows communities.. "Access to clean drinking water is essential for all families in Los Angeles. The new 99th Street ...
Directorate Water Supply and Sanitation CoordinationDirectorate Water Supply and Sanitation Coordination
The Directorate of Water Supply and Sanitation Coordination was established in September 1993, as a direct result of the approval by Cabinet of the Water and Sanitation Sector Policy, with the mandate to take full responsibility for the implementation of rural water supply for the rural communities on communal land.. Based on its mandate under the existing legislation and the policy framework, the Directorate of Water Supply and Sanitation Coordination has developed and adopted Vision, Mission and Value statements to guide its activities towards the ultimate Government goal to... promote and maintain the welfare of the people.. The emphasis of the statements is primarily on the clients of the Directorate ofWater Supply and Sanitation Coordination, which are the rural communities living on communal land.. Mission Statement. ...
Molecular characterization of selected multidrug resistant Pseudomonas from water distribution systems in southwestern Nigeria ...Molecular characterization of selected multidrug resistant Pseudomonas from water distribution systems in southwestern Nigeria ...
Pseudomonad is one of the most important and ubiquitous pathogen that is significantly important medically [17]. Aquatic ecosystems could serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistant pathogen through transfer of resistant plasmid [18]. Many studies on antibiotic resistance in pseudomonads had been carried out using strains of clinical origin [19]. This study selected 22 MDR Pseudomonas from drinking water distribution systems from southwestern Nigeria. These selected MDR strains showed high resistant to amoxillin/clavulanic acid (81.8 %), sulfamethoxazole (77.3 %) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (72.7 %). Resistant to amoxillin/clavulanic acid is a little similar to the report of Mezue et al. [20] among Pseudomonas from urinary tract infection from Nigeria who reported 100 % resistant to the antibiotics in their studies. Moderate resistant to florfenicol (63.6 %), tetracycline (59.1 %), streptomycin (54.6 %) and ceftiofur (59.1 %) was observed among these Pseudomonads. The tetracycline ...
Water quality information - How do water treatment plants work? Part 3 | APEC WaterWater quality information - How do water treatment plants work? Part 3 | APEC Water
Water treatment plants draw water either from surface water or ground water, generally treating the entire supply to drinking water standards. Learn about the different chemicals used to disinfect your drinking water and the purification process.
RO1000 RO Water Treatment Plant with Ozone Sterilization from China manufacturer - Sky MachineRO1000 RO Water Treatment Plant with Ozone Sterilization from China manufacturer - Sky Machine
RO1000 RO Water Treatment Plant with Ozone Sterilization offered by China manufacturer Sky Machine. Buy RO1000 RO Water Treatment Plant with Ozone Sterilization directly with low price and high quality.
Veolia to upgrade water treatment plant in TaiwanVeolia to upgrade water treatment plant in Taiwan
Taiwanese refiner and olefins producer Formosa Petrochemical Corporation (FPCC) has awarded a contract to Veolias oil and gas solutions and technologies unit to upgrade a water treatment plant. As part of the contract, Veolia will design an upgrade of the water treatment plant at the Mai Liao petrochemical complex, which is located on the south-west coast of Taiwan. The company will also supply the technology and equipment that is required to upgrade the plant ...
Concerns Over Asbestos in City Water Supply - WiredPRNews.com | Press Release DistributionConcerns Over Asbestos in City Water Supply - WiredPRNews.com | Press Release Distribution
Many residents of Alpena, Michigan have expressed concern over asbestos contamination in their citys water source.. Mesothelioma Cancer News (Alpena, Michigan) - Many in the town of Alpena, Michigan have expressed concerns over asbestos contamination in the citys water system. As reported by The Alpena News, many fear that their dinking water has been contaminated by asbestos cement pipes from which the water flows. However, officials state the pipes do not pose a threat to residents.. Rich Sullenger, Alpena City Engineer, is quoted in the report as stating of the matter, "This issue rears its head every few years… Eighteen years ago it was widely accepted to use this type of piping. We do encounter it during road construction from time to time and we replace it right away, but we arent targeting it or seeking it out at this time.". Sullenger is further quoted as stating, "The material is very fragile and breaks very easy when we do work near them we have to be careful because they crack so ...
Occurrence and Distribution of Ammonium in Iowa Groundwater: Ingenta ConnectOccurrence and Distribution of Ammonium in Iowa Groundwater: Ingenta Connect
Excess ammonium in groundwater may lead to nitrification or loss of chlorine residuals in public drinking water supplies. In Iowa, where groundwater supplies nearly 75% of all drinking water used in the state, naturally occurring ammonium is found in all major aquifers, including two unconsolidated units and five bedrock aquifers. An evaluation of ammonium concentrations in 841 municipal water supply wells indicated highest concentrations were found most often in Quaternary wells. More than one-half of all Quaternary wells sampled in Iowa showed ammonium concentrations greater than 2 mg/L, and more than 5% had concentrations greater than 5 mg/L. Nearly 5% of all bedrock wells used in this study showed ammonium concentrations greater than 2 mg/L. Aquifers overlain by carbon-rich Pennsylvanian strata or glacial drift seemed most vulnerable to elevated ammonium. Alluvial aquifers were least vulnerable to elevated ammonium concentrations in Iowa municipal water supplies. Ammonium concentrations ...
IBIS-PH - Health Indicator Report - Drinking Water: ArsenicIBIS-PH - Health Indicator Report - Drinking Water: Arsenic
People drink and use water every day. The majority of Americans are provided with high quality drinking water. About 90% of people in the U.S. get their water from a community water system versus a smaller water supply, such as a household well. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets regulations for treating and monitoring drinking water delivered by community water systems. Currently, there are water quality standards and monitoring requirements for over 90 contaminants. Drinking water protection programs play a critical role in ensuring high quality drinking water and protecting the publics health. Because people drink and use water every day, contaminants in drinking water have the potential to affect many people. The number of people served by a community water system varies from as low as 25 to hundreds of thousands. Community water systems in the U.S. provide among the highest quality drinking water in the world. However, some contaminants are present at low levels and it is ...
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Water Supply System - MATLAB & SimulinkWater Supply System - MATLAB & Simulink
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NWA 2012 : Sydney : Line item notes : 3.1 Urban water supply systemNWA 2012 : Sydney : Line item notes : 3.1 Urban water supply system
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Indirect Potable Reuse: A Sustainable Water Supply AlternativeIJERPH | Free Full-Text | Indirect Potable Reuse: A Sustainable Water Supply Alternative
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GroundwaterContaminationSystemScarcityDomestic Water SupplyPumpQualityCommunity's water supplyPipeEnvironmental ProtecProvision of potable waterSystemsWellsReuseInfrastructureRegulationsMunicipal waterTreatmentTens of thousandsGrundfosSourceRegion'sDrinkingTanksProjectSurfacePressureConservationCommunitiesPublic waterContaminateProvideResourcesPeopleSustainabilityKarstResidents
Groundwater5
Contamination4
System27
Scarcity1
  • Against this background, the interdisciplinary, German-Indonesian joint project ''Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Indonesia'', funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), focused on the development and exemplary implementation of adapted techniques to remedy the partly severe water scarcity in the region Gunung Sewu. (kit.edu)
Domestic Water Supply1
Pump6
Quality8
Community's water supply1
  • Acknowledge potential water supply issues identified in your community's water supply profile ( Appendix 1 of the Master Water Supply Plan ) and support partnerships to address them in local water plans and water appropriation permit applications. (metrocouncil.org)
Pipe6
Environmental Protec1
  • The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates 42 million Americans (mostly in rural America) get their water from private wells or other small, unregulated water systems. (tn.gov)
Provision of potable water2
Systems7
  • The regulations require local authorities to risk assess and monitor private water private distribution systems. (peterborough.gov.uk)
  • This UFC provides general technical guidance for operating and maintaining potable water systems that are fit for human consumption (FFHC), at fixed military installations. (wbdg.org)
  • Water Utilities and Supply Systems Revenues Market Size Forecasts Benchmarks Analysis industry's financial results, ratios, statistics, metrics, historic financials and forecast growth rates in one package, 60 to 70 pages. (plunkettresearch.com)
  • Comparisons and benchmarks of all financial statement items for the leading companies within the Water Utilities and Supply Systems Revenues Market Size Forecasts Benchmarks Analysis industry, both current year and historical comparisons. (plunkettresearch.com)
  • Water Utilities and Supply Systems Industry (U.S.): Analytics, Extensive Financial Benchmarks, Metrics and Revenue Forecasts to 2025, NAIC 221310 Vital industry-specific data including metrics, benchmarks, historic numbers, growth rates and forecasts that will save countless hours of research. (plunkettresearch.com)
  • Key Findings: - Water Utilities and Supply Systems Industry (U.S.) to reach $16,940 million by 2025. (plunkettresearch.com)
  • Considerations of the Skilled Manpower Needs for Water Supply Systems. (ed.gov)
Wells7
  • The three common types of water wells are drilled, dug or driven. (tn.gov)
  • Water supply wells that are dug rather than drilled or driven tend to use shallow water and, like surface water, are more likely to be contaminated. (tn.gov)
  • EPA's publication Drinking Water From Household Wells has more information on private water wells. (tn.gov)
  • In karst areas, wells of any type can pose a health risk because the water is under the direct influence of surface water and is more easily contaminated from runoff. (tn.gov)
  • Water wells should also be placed away from areas where pesticides or fertilizers are stored or handled. (tn.gov)
  • The remainder of the Town's water supply was provided by the Keyes and Kokko Wells. (epa.gov)
  • In 1983, following closure of the contaminated water supply wells, the EPA provided bottled water to 75 residents at the Millhaven Mobile Home Park who were affected by contaminated well water. (epa.gov)
Reuse2
  • Communities without public water supplies do not need to prepare a water supply plan, but should include information about plans to protect private water supplies in appropriate sections of the local comprehensive plan, described in the sections on conservation and reuse, source water protection, and sub-regional collaboration. (metrocouncil.org)
  • He has vast experience in designing various infrastructure projects (like Water Supply Network, Reuse Water Supply network, Sewerage Network, and Stormwater Drainage). (gharpedia.com)
Infrastructure1
  • We provided permitting, engineering design, and construction administration services for the water supply infrastructure to serve a 620 megawatt, gas fired power plant located on 137 acres in Middletown, Connecticut. (miloneandmacbroom.com)
Regulations3
Municipal water3
Treatment7
Tens of thousands1
  • One of the project's major accomplishments is the erection of an innovative hydropower-driven water supply facility located in a karst cave 100 m below ground and continuously supplying tens of thousands of people with fresh water. (kit.edu)
Grundfos2
  • Grundfos has taken the mystery out of controlling variable water pressure for the end-user. (grundfos.com)
  • The Grundfos CM Booster PM1 is a compact booster set for water supply in domestic applications. (grundfos.com)
Source6
Region's2
  • To ensure a sustainable water supply for the region's current and future generations, we need to integrate water supply planning with land and resource planning. (metrocouncil.org)
  • The Tualatin Basin Water Supply Project (TBWSP) is an investment in the health and sustainability of the region's watershed, economy, and community. (deainc.com)
Drinking12
  • EPA's Drinking Water website provides additional information on conditions that might prompt you to test your well water. (tn.gov)
  • Always have test results interpreted and explained to you by a staff member of TDEC's Division of Water Resources at 1-800-523-4873, or call EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791. (tn.gov)
  • The Savage Municipal Well operated from 1960 to 1983, during which it supplied approximately 45 percent of Milford's drinking water, averaging about 200,000 gallons per day. (epa.gov)
  • The Savage Municipal Well and a nearby contaminated well supplying drinking water to a trailer park were later closed. (epa.gov)
  • As we'll discuss shortly, it's not easy to get infected, and drinking the water poses no risk. (wyso.org)
  • But still, finding such a dangerous microbe in the drinking water is troubling and noteworthy. (wyso.org)
  • This is the first time that it has been found in the drinking water in the United States," Louisiana state epidemiologist Raoult Ratard tells Shots. (wyso.org)
  • Drinking amoeba-contaminated water poses no risk, presumably because the single-celled organisms can't survive in stomach acid. (wyso.org)
  • The Melbourne Retail Water Agencies (MRWA) Edition Version 2.0 of the Water Supply Code of Australia, WSA 03-2011 Version 3.1 addresses the planning, design, construction, testing and commissioning of drinking water and non-drinking water supplies. (wsaa.asn.au)
  • In response to the challenges of achieving universal access to safe, affordable drinking water and sustaining those services, there has been increasing innovation in different types of rural water service models. (rural-water-supply.net)
  • Biological stability refers to the inability of drinking water to support microbial growth. (lib4ri.ch)
  • This study highlights the descriptive value of alternative parameters such as flow-cytometric TCC for drinking water analysis, and pinpoints some of the key aspects regarding biological stability in drinking water without disinfectant residuals. (lib4ri.ch)
Tanks2
Project4
  • The Water Supply Project was set up in 2009 to find additional water supply for the district's future needs. (kapiticoast.govt.nz)
  • One of the inhabitants, Mr. Mantai Salih, said that before the implementation of the project they were compelled to travel long distance to fetch water that was not even up to standard but now the problem has been solved. (shabait.com)
  • The project was awarded the 2011 Achievement in Civil Engineering (ACE) for Water Resources / Environmental Engineering by the Connecticut Society of Civil Engineers. (miloneandmacbroom.com)
  • The project was part of Ghana's plan to improve access to potable water for over 500,000 residents in more than 50 residential areas. (tahal.com)
Surface2
  • Work with partners to evaluate relationships between aquifer withdrawals and surface water features. (metrocouncil.org)
  • If a connection is likely, management plans should include aquifer testing, monitoring water levels and pumping rates and surface water flow, triggers and actions to protect aquifer levels, a schedule for periodic analysis of data to identify the need for action to mitigate impacts, and a schedule for periodic and timely reporting to DNR. (metrocouncil.org)
Pressure8
Conservation2
  • Explore and support water demand (water conservation and efficiency) programs such as incentives, ordinances, education and outreach, rates and other approaches, the metropolitan Council's Water Conservation Toolbox can support these efforts. (metrocouncil.org)
  • In addition, DEA developed an innovative, environmental functions-based approach to mitigation planning with the intent of meeting Clean Water Services' holistic approach to meeting its basin-wide conservation goals. (deainc.com)
Communities1
Public water1
  • We really want to get the message out to everyone who may be affected by bushfires that their usual public water supply may not be available. (wa.gov.au)
Contaminate1
Provide1
  • From 2003 through mid-2012, DEA worked with Clean Water Services and the Water Supply Partners to provide environmental planning and permitting assistance for the TBWSP. (deainc.com)
Resources3
People4
  • Sampling is also on an annual basis where the supply serves fifty or more people. (east-ayrshire.gov.uk)
  • Brain infections from the amoeba usually pop up in late summer, when warm water favors its reproduction and many people are diving into ponds to escape the heat. (wyso.org)
  • Since uncounted numbers of people swim in waters that undoubtedly contain amoebae, Ratard says, it's a wonder there aren't more infections. (wyso.org)
  • Modern technologies have brought a high degree of comfort to people within their homes by providing a strong water supply. (grundfos.com)
Sustainability1
  • Technical advances, regulatory adjustments and subregional developments can present new opportunities for local water suppliers to enhance the resiliency, sustainability, and affordability of their water suppliers. (metrocouncil.org)
Karst2
  • Water in karst areas can flow very quickly, allowing it to move chemical and biological contaminants long distances. (tn.gov)
  • Populated karst landscapes can be found all over the world, although their natural boundary conditions mostly lead to distinct challenges regarding a sustainable water supply. (kit.edu)
Residents3
  • For instance, in 2011 two Louisiana residents - one a 20-year-old man from St. Bernard Parish - died of amoebic encephalitis after using tap water to rinse their nasal passages, using a popular device called a neti pot . (wyso.org)
  • Residents living in or near bushland are reminded not to rely on public water supplies if they plan to stay and defend their homes during a bushfire. (wa.gov.au)
  • Residents need to have an independent water supply, such as a concrete or steel tank with a minimum 20,000 litre capacity. (wa.gov.au)
NWA 2012 : Melbourne : Line item notes : 11.13 Entitled extraction of allocated groundwater to urban water system
NWA 2012 : Melbourne : Line item notes : 11.13 Entitled extraction of allocated groundwater to urban water system (bom.gov.au)
Private Water Supply
Private Water Supply (tn.gov)
Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council - YouTube
Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council - YouTube (youtube.com/user/sanitationforall/)
Portland water supply to be flushed after teen urinates into reservoir - CNN
Portland water supply to be flushed after teen urinates into reservoir - CNN (cnn.com)
Colcord residents told to watch out for blood worms in water supply - CNN
Colcord residents told to watch out for blood worms in water supply - CNN (cnn.com)
Video: NJ water supplies are stressed
Video: NJ water supplies are stressed (northjersey.com)
Frozen pipes blocking water supply to dozens of Ottawa buildings | Ottawa Citizen
Frozen pipes blocking water supply to dozens of Ottawa buildings | Ottawa Citizen (ottawacitizen.com)
Bottled water supply running low at Southern Illinois stores | Belleville News-Democrat
Bottled water supply running low at Southern Illinois stores | Belleville News-Democrat (bnd.com)
Water and Water Supply, Book by William Henry Corfield (Hardcover) | chapters.indigo.ca
Water and Water Supply, Book by William Henry Corfield (Hardcover) | chapters.indigo.ca (chapters.indigo.ca)
Plan to import state water to Ventura not enough to fill supply gaps
Plan to import state water to Ventura not enough to fill supply gaps (vcstar.com)
Pakistan's water supply facing an uncertain future | South China Morning Post
Pakistan's water supply facing an uncertain future | South China Morning Post (scmp.com)
Water Supply Damages: Reporting of Industrial Wastes and Other Toxic Wastes and Nutrient Pollution…, Book by Unknown Author ...
Water Supply Damages: Reporting of Industrial Wastes and Other Toxic Wastes and Nutrient Pollution…, Book by Unknown Author ... (chapters.indigo.ca)
Kathua, Supply of water and demand reduction, one lakh people to two drops
Kathua, Supply of water and demand reduction, one lakh people to two drops (jagran.com)
The Public Water Supplies And Sewer Systems Of Michigan..., Book by Edward D. Rich (Paperback) | chapters.indigo.ca
The Public Water Supplies And Sewer Systems Of Michigan..., Book by Edward D. Rich (Paperback) | chapters.indigo.ca (chapters.indigo.ca)
Blue Water-Soluble Marking Pencil : Yarn Tree, Your wholesale source for cross stitch supplies.
Blue Water-Soluble Marking Pencil : Yarn Tree, Your wholesale source for cross stitch supplies. (yarntree.com)
Water supply from check dam, efforts to support economy from development work - Himachal Pradesh Dharmshala Common Man Issues...
Water supply from check dam, efforts to support economy from development work - Himachal Pradesh Dharmshala Common Man Issues... (jagran.com)
Addendum-1-T-008 Water Supply - mwc
Addendum-1-T-008 Water Supply - mwc (mahindraworldcity.com)
Customer Portal: RCH Water Supply Corporation
Customer Portal: RCH Water Supply Corporation (ipn2.paymentus.com)
River Liffey - Wikipedia
River Liffey - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
August 09, 1884 - Scientific American
August 09, 1884 - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)
Marine Stewardship in Hawaii | Four Seasons Resort Hualalai
Marine Stewardship in Hawaii | Four Seasons Resort Hualalai (fourseasons.com)
WATER SUPPLY - Sun Sentinel
WATER SUPPLY - Sun Sentinel (sun-sentinel.com)
El Salvador - Wikipedia
El Salvador - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Honduras - Wikipedia
Honduras - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Category:Water supply - Wikimedia Commons
Category:Water supply - Wikimedia Commons (commons.wikimedia.org)
April 26, 1890 - Scientific American
April 26, 1890 - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)
Clarification | chemistry | Britannica.com
Clarification | chemistry | Britannica.com (britannica.com)
Iraq: civilians still suffering undue hardship - ICRC
Iraq: civilians still suffering undue hardship - ICRC (icrc.org)
Storage tank | water storage | Britannica.com
Storage tank | water storage | Britannica.com (britannica.com)
Bacteria Found in Water Supply - Los Angeles Times
Bacteria Found in Water Supply - Los Angeles Times (latimes.com)
Water supply in South Sudan - Wikipedia
Water supply in South Sudan - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
DRC - Urban Water Supply
DRC - Urban Water Supply (worldbank.org)
December 05, 1908 - Scientific American
December 05, 1908 - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)