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Water DeprivationWaterDehydrationKidney Concentrating AbilityThirstDrinkingFood DeprivationWater-Electrolyte BalanceSleep DeprivationOsmolar ConcentrationArginine VasopressinDrinking BehaviorVasopressinsDiuresisBody WaterDeamino Arginine VasopressinWater SupplyTrimethadionePolyuriaUrineDiabetes InsipidusOsmometryKidney Papillary NecrosisAquaporin 2Saline Solution, HypertonicKidney MedullaMurinaeSensory DeprivationRats, BrattleboroAquaporin 3AquaporinsSupraoptic NucleusPituitary Gland, PosteriorPsychosocial DeprivationHematocritAntidiuretic AgentsPhenylbutazoneFresh WaterDiabetes Insipidus, NeurogenicNeurophysinsKidney Tubules, CollectingKidneyDiabetes Insipidus, NephrogenicAquaporin 6Rats, Sprague-DawleyBody FluidsSodiumElectrolytesWater PollutionWater PurificationReceptors, VasopressinTime FactorsCultural DeprivationParaventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus
Water Deprivation: The withholding of water in a structured experimental situation.Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Dehydration: The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.Kidney Concentrating Ability: The ability of the kidney to excrete in the urine high concentrations of solutes from the blood plasma.Thirst: A drive stemming from a physiological need for WATER.Drinking: The consumption of liquids.Food Deprivation: The withholding of food in a structured experimental situation.Water-Electrolyte Balance: The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.Sleep Deprivation: The state of being deprived of sleep under experimental conditions, due to life events, or from a wide variety of pathophysiologic causes such as medication effect, chronic illness, psychiatric illness, or sleep disorder.Osmolar Concentration: The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.Drinking Behavior: Behaviors associated with the ingesting of water and other liquids; includes rhythmic patterns of drinking (time intervals - onset and duration), frequency and satiety.Vasopressins: Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.Diuresis: An increase in the excretion of URINE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Body Water: Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.Water Supply: Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378)Polyuria: Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).Urine: Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.Diabetes Insipidus: A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.Osmometry: Measurement of the OSMOLARITY of solutions or BODY FLUIDS.Kidney Papillary Necrosis: A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving KIDNEY PAPILLA in the KIDNEY MEDULLA. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in POLYURIA. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block KIDNEY PELVIS or URETER. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to KIDNEY FAILURE.Aquaporin 2: Aquaporin 2 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. The translocation of aquaporin 2 to the apical PLASMA MEMBRANE is regulated by VASOPRESSIN, and MUTATIONS in AQP2 have been implicated in a variety of kidney disorders including DIABETES INSIPIDUS.Saline Solution, Hypertonic: Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).Kidney Medulla: The internal portion of the kidney, consisting of striated conical masses, the renal pyramids, whose bases are adjacent to the cortex and whose apices form prominent papillae projecting into the lumen of the minor calyces.Murinae: A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the Old World MICE and RATS.Sensory Deprivation: The absence or restriction of the usual external sensory stimuli to which the individual responds.Rats, Brattleboro: A mutant strain of Rattus norvegicus used in research on renal function and hypertension and as a disease model for diabetes insipidus.Aquaporin 3: Aquaporin 3 is an aquaglyceroporin that is expressed in the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS and is constitutively localized at the basolateral MEMBRANE.Aquaporins: A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.Supraoptic Nucleus: Hypothalamic nucleus overlying the beginning of the OPTIC TRACT.Pituitary Gland, Posterior: Neural tissue of the pituitary gland, also known as the neurohypophysis. It consists of the distal AXONS of neurons that produce VASOPRESSIN and OXYTOCIN in the SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS and the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS. These axons travel down through the MEDIAN EMINENCE, the hypothalamic infundibulum of the PITUITARY STALK, to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.Psychosocial Deprivation: The absence of appropriate stimuli in the physical or social environment which are necessary for the emotional, social, and intellectual development of the individual.Hematocrit: The volume of packed RED BLOOD CELLS in a blood specimen. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, ANEMIA shows a low value; POLYCYTHEMIA, a high value.Antidiuretic Agents: Agents that reduce the excretion of URINE, most notably the octapeptide VASOPRESSINS.Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.Fresh Water: Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic: A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder caused by a deficiency of VASOPRESSINS secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. Clinical signs include the excretion of large volumes of dilute URINE; HYPERNATREMIA; THIRST; and polydipsia. Etiologies include HEAD TRAUMA; surgeries and diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This disorder may also be caused by mutations of genes such as ARVP encoding vasopressin and its corresponding neurophysin (NEUROPHYSINS).Neurophysins: Carrier proteins for OXYTOCIN and VASOPRESSIN. They are polypeptides of about 10-kDa, synthesized in the HYPOTHALAMUS. Neurophysin I is associated with oxytocin and neurophysin II is associated with vasopressin in their respective precursors and during transportation down the axons to the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).Kidney Tubules, Collecting: Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic: A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder characterized by persistent hypotonic urine and HYPOKALEMIA. This condition is due to renal tubular insensitivity to VASOPRESSIN and failure to reduce urine volume. It may be the result of mutations of genes encoding VASOPRESSIN RECEPTORS or AQUAPORIN-2; KIDNEY DISEASES; adverse drug effects; or complications from PREGNANCY.Aquaporin 6: Aquaporin 6 is an aquaglyceroporin that is found primarily in KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. AQP6 protein functions as an anion-selective channel.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Body Fluids: Liquid components of living organisms.Sodium: A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.Electrolytes: Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Water Pollution: Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)Water Purification: Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.Receptors, Vasopressin: Specific molecular sites or proteins on or in cells to which VASOPRESSINS bind or interact in order to modify the function of the cells. Two types of vasopressin receptor exist, the V1 receptor in the vascular smooth muscle and the V2 receptor in the kidneys. The V1 receptor can be subdivided into V1a and V1b (formerly V3) receptors.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Cultural Deprivation: The absence of certain expected and acceptable cultural phenomena in the environment which results in the failure of the individual to communicate and respond in the most appropriate manner within the context of society. Language acquisition and language use are commonly used in assessing this concept.Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus: Nucleus in the anterior part of the HYPOTHALAMUS.

Effect of individual or combined ablation of the nuclear groups of the lamina terminalis on water drinking in sheep. (1/308)

The subfornical organ (SFO), organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), and median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) were ablated either individually or in various combinations, and the effects on drinking induced by either intravenous infusion of hypertonic 4 M NaCl (1.3 ml/min for 30 min) or water deprivation for 48 h were studied. Ablation of either the OVLT or SFO alone did not affect drinking in response to intravenous 4 M NaCl, although combined ablation of these two circumventricular organs substantially reduced but did not abolish such drinking. Ablation of the MnPO or MnPO and SFO together also substantially reduced, but did not abolish, drinking in response to intravenous hypertonic NaCl. Only near-total destruction of the lamina terminalis (OVLT, MnPO, and part or all of the SFO) abolished acute osmotically induced drinking. The large lesions also reduced drinking after water deprivation, whereas none of the other lesions significantly affected such drinking. None of these lesions altered feeding. The results show that all parts of the lamina terminalis play a role in the drinking induced by acute increases in plasma tonicity. The lamina terminalis appears to play a less crucial role in the drinking response after water deprivation than for the drinking response to acute intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline.  (+info)

A rapid feedback signal is not always necessary for termination of a drinking bout. (2/308)

When a pig is deprived of drinking water, a deficit of body water develops that is corrected when the pig drinks to satiation. If food is available during the deprivation, the stimulus to drinking is plasma hyperosmolality. Because of the delay in correction of plasma hyperosmolality as ingested water is slowly absorbed, it has been thought that a rapid inhibitory signal from the digestive tract is necessary to prevent overdrinking. This concept was tested by measuring changes in plasma osmolality before and during drinking after such deprivation and also after infusion of hypertonic saline. As drinking began, there was a rapid fall of plasma osmolality to levels insufficient to drive drinking by the time drinking ended. This fall of plasma hyperosmolality to subthreshold levels while the pig is drinking seems to make a rapid inhibitory control signal from the digestive tract unnecessary to terminate the drinking bout under these conditions.  (+info)

Thermal dehydration-induced thirst in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (3/308)

Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to either 25 or 37.5 degrees C for 3.5 h, and their thermal and water balance responses were compared. After exposure, either a blood sample was obtained or the rats were allowed to rehydrate for 4 h. SH rats had both higher core temperatures and evaporative water losses during heat exposure. Measurements of hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, plasma protein and sodium concentrations, and plasma osmolality indirectly showed that the SH rats were dehydrated relative to the WKY rats after exposure to either 25 or 37.5 degrees C. SH rats drank significantly more water but also had significantly higher urine volumes than the WKY rats and thus rehydrated only slightly better than the WKY rats. SH and WKY rats had similar levels of water intake and urine output after 24 h of water deprivation. The elevated thermal response of SH rats to heat exposure does not appear to lead to uncompensatable changes in body water status.  (+info)

Osmolality: a physiological long-term regulator of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure. (4/308)

Acute infusion of hypertonic fluid increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) in part by elevating nonrenal sympathetic activity. However, it is not known whether chronic, physiological increases in osmolality also increase sympathetic activity. To test this hypothesis, MAP, heart rate (HR), and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) were measured in conscious, 48-h water-deprived rats (WD) during a progressive reduction in osmolality produced by a 2-h systemic infusion (0.12 ml/min) of 5% dextrose in water (5DW). Water deprivation significantly increased osmolality (308 +/- 2 vs. 290 +/- 2 mosmol/kgH2O, P < 0.001), HR (453 +/- 7 vs. 421 +/- 10 beats/min, P < 0.05), and LSNA (63.5 +/- 1.8 vs. 51.9 +/- 3.8% baroreflex maximum, P < 0.01). Two hours of 5DW infusion reduced osmolality (-15 +/- 5 mosmol/kgH2O), LSNA (-23 +/- 3% baseline), and MAP (-10 +/- 1 mmHg). To evaluate the role of vasopressin in these changes, rats were pretreated with a V1-vasopressin receptor antagonist. The antagonist lowered MAP (-5 +/- 1 mmHg) and elevated HR (32 +/- 7 beats/min) and LSNA (11 +/- 3% baseline) in WD (P < 0. 05), but not in water-replete, rats. 5DW infusion had a similar cumulative effect on all variables in V1-blocked WD rats, but had no effect in water-replete rats. Infusion of the same volume of normal saline in WD rats did not change osmolality, LSNA or MAP. Together these data indicate that, in dehydrated rats, vasopressin supports MAP and suppresses LSNA and HR and that physiological changes in osmolality directly influence sympathetic activity and blood pressure independently of changes in vasopressin and blood volume.  (+info)

Effect of dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei knife cuts on ingestive behavior. (5/308)

Previous findings show that rats with electrolytic or excitotoxic lesions in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) are hypophagic and hypodipsic and have reduced ponderal and linear growth but normal body composition. DMN-lesioned (DMNL) rats also show altered ingestive responses to naloxone. The present study investigated the intrahypothalamic nerve pathways involved in these DMNL effects and the response of the pathways to deprivation challenges by placing knife cuts posterior (Post), lateral (Lat), ventral (Vent), dorsal, or anterior to the DMN or by administering sham operations. One major finding was that rats with Post or Vent were hypophagic (P < 0. 05) and had reduced body weight but responded normally to deprivation challenges. Post and Lat groups were hypodipsic (P < 0. 05), but plasma Na+, K+, and osmolality and 24-h post-water-deprivation drinking responses were similar in all groups. Naloxone did not suppress the intake of Post rats. It appears that the hypophagia and the reduced body weight after DMNL involve fibers entering or leaving the DMN from ventral and posterior directions, and they may be part of an opioid feeding system.  (+info)

An enhanced effect of arginine vasopressin in bradykinin B2 receptor null mutant mice. (6/308)

Under water restriction, arginine vasopressin (AVP) is released and promotes water reabsorption in the distal nephron, mainly through AVP V2-receptors. It has been proposed that renal kinins counteract the hydro-osmotic effect of AVP. We hypothesized that kinins acting through B2 receptors antagonize the urinary concentrating effect of AVP. To test this, bradykinin B2 receptor knockout mice (B2-KO) and 129/SvEv mice (controls) were placed in metabolic cages and urine collected for 24 hours (water ad libitum). After that, urine was again collected from the same mice during 24 hours of water restriction. Urinary volume (UV), urinary osmolarity (UOsm), and urinary Na+ (UNaV) and K+ (UKV) excretion were determined. On water restriction, UV in controls decreased by approximately 25%, whereas in B2-KO mice there was almost a 60% drop in urinary output (P=0.001 versus controls). In the controls, water restriction increased UOsm by 347 mOsm/kg H2O, approximately 14% above baseline (NS), whereas in knockout mice the increase was 3 times that seen in the controls: >1000 mOsm/kg H2O (P=0.001 versus controls). Compared with normohydration, UNaV and UKV in the water-restricted state increased more in controls than in B2-KO mice. This difference in electrolyte excretion could be explained by greater dehydration in the controls (dehydration natriuresis). In a second protocol, we tried to mimic the effect of endogenous AVP by exogenous administration of an AVP V2-receptor agonist, desmopressin (DDAVP). To suppress endogenous AVP levels before DDAVP administration, mice were volume-overloaded with dextrose and alcohol. UOsm was 685+/-125 and 561+/-58 mOsm/kg H2O in water-loaded controls and B2-KO mice, respectively. After DDAVP was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 1 microgram/kg, UOsm increased to 1175+/-86 mOsm/kg H2O (Delta+490 mOsm) in the controls and 2347+/-518 mOsm/kg H2O (Delta+1786 mOsm) in B2-KO mice (P<0.05 versus controls). We concluded that water restriction or exogenous administration of an AVP V2-receptor agonist has a greater urinary concentrating effect in B2-KO mice than in controls, suggesting that endogenous kinins acting through B2 receptors oppose the antidiuretic effect of AVP in vivo.  (+info)

Urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in rat is mediated by a vasopressin-dependent apical pathway. (7/308)

Clinical studies have shown that aquaporin-2 (AQP2), the vasopressin-regulated water channel, is excreted in the urine, and that the excretion increases in response to vasopressin. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in AQP2 excretion are unknown, and it is unknown whether the excretion correlates with AQP2 levels in kidney or levels in the apical plasma membrane. The present study was undertaken to clarify these issues. Immunoblotting of rat urine samples revealed significant excretion of AQP2, whereas AQP3, being a basolateral aquaporin in the same cells, was undetectable. Thus, there was a nonproportional excretion of AQP2 and AQP3 (compared with kidney levels), indicating that AQP2 is excreted predominantly via a selective apical pathway and not by whole cell shedding. Urinary AQP2 was associated with small vesicles, membrane fragments, and multivesicular bodies as determined by immunoelectron microscopy and negative staining techniques. In rats with normal water supply, daily urinary excretion of AQP2 was 3.9+/-0.9% (n = 6) of total kidney expression. Treatment with desmopressin acetate subcutaneously caused a fourfold increase in urinary excretion of AQP2 during 8 h. Forty-eight hours of thirsting, known to increase endogenous vasopressin secretion, resulted in a three-fold increase in kidney AQP2 levels but urinary excretion increased ninefold to 15+/-3% (n = 6) of AQP2 in kidney of thirsted rats. Moreover, rats that were thirsted for 48 h and subsequently allowed free access to water for 24 h produced a decrease in urinary AQP2 excretion to 38+/-15% (n = 6) of that during thirsting. In Brattleboro rats or lithium-treated normal rats completely lacking vasopressin action, and hence having extremely low levels of AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane, AQP2 was undetectable in urine. Thus, conditions with known altered vasopressin levels and altered levels of AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane were associated with corresponding major changes in AQP2 urine excretion. In contrast, in such conditions, kidney AQP2 levels and urinary AQP2 excretion did not show a proportional relationship.  (+info)

Effects of water deprivation on atrial natriuretic peptide secretion and density of binding sites in adrenal glands and kidneys of maternal and fetal rats in late gestation. (8/308)

The effects of water deprivation for 3 days were studied in pregnant rats and their fetuses on day 21 of gestation. Maternal water deprivation induced a significant decrease of the body weight in both maternal and fetal rats. This weight loss was accompanied by significant increases in plasma osmolality and haematocrit in both maternal and fetal rats. Similarly, dehydration significantly decreased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations and increased plasma aldosterone concentrations in maternal and fetal rats. Water-deprived maternal rats presented a significant increase in total ANP receptor density in isolated renal glomeruli and adrenal zona glomerulosa membranes. This increase was due to a significant increase in ANPc receptor density in both renal glomeruli and adrenal zona glomerulosa. The densities of total ANP, ANPb and ANPc receptors in fetal kidneys and adrenal glands were not affected by maternal dehydration. These results suggest that the dehydrated maternal rat is able to up-regulate the number of its ANP receptors in its kidneys and adrenal glands, in response to a decrease in plasma ANP concentrations. In contrast, the fetal rat does not seem to be able to regulate its own ANP receptors in response to maternal dehydration, in spite of a decrease in plasma ANP concentrations.  (+info)

Water deprivation financial definition of water deprivationWater deprivation financial definition of water deprivation
Definition of water deprivation in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is water deprivation? Meaning of water deprivation as a finance term. What does water deprivation mean in finance?
Effects of water deprivation on blood components and behavior in sheep and goatsEffects of water deprivation on blood components and behavior in sheep and goats
Given that water withdrawal is one of the major stressors for animals during long-distance transports, it was the aim to study the effects of prolonged water deprivation on different blood and behavioural parameters of goats and sheep under stable conditions. Withdrawal periods corresponded to EU transport regulations, which allow sheep and goats to be transported for a maximum period of 14 hours, followed by a rest period of at least one hour sufficient for them to drink water, if a further 14-h travel is necessary. In the present study tools for authorities to approve the offer of water were evaluated. Fifteen Boer goats and 15 Blackhead mutton sheep were assigned in a 3 x 3 Latin square design to 1 of the following treatments: AL (ad libitum), SHORT (14 h withdrawal - 1 h access - 14 h withdrawal) or LONG (29 h withdrawal). The study was conducted under stable conditions without transporting the animals. Haematological parameters were analysed at 0, 14, 15, and 29 h. Standing, lying, and ...
Differential regulation of TRPC4 in the vasopressin magnocellular system by water deprivation and hepatic cirrhosis in the rat<...Differential regulation of TRPC4 in the vasopressin magnocellular system by water deprivation and hepatic cirrhosis in the rat<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Differential regulation of TRPC4 in the vasopressin magnocellular system by water deprivation and hepatic cirrhosis in the rat. AU - Nedungadi, T. Prashant. AU - Cunningham, J. Thomas. PY - 2014/3/1. Y1 - 2014/3/1. N2 - Transient receptor potential canonical subtype 4 (TRPC4) is expressed in the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus. In this study, the regulation of TRPC4 expression was investigated in water deprivation and hepatic cirrhosis. We used laser capture microdissection technique for precise dissection of pure AVP cell population in the PVN and SON followed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and immunodetection techniques by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Bile duct ligation elevated TRPC4 transcripts in the SON but not PVN with correlated changes in the protein expression in these regions, as well as increased colocalization with AVP in the SON, with no changes in the PVN. Water deprivation resulted in ...
Cerebral glucose utilization and glucose transporter expression: Response to water deprivation and restoration<...Cerebral glucose utilization and glucose transporter expression: Response to water deprivation and restoration<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cerebral glucose utilization and glucose transporter expression. T2 - Response to water deprivation and restoration. AU - Koehler-Stec, Ellen M.. AU - Li, Kang. AU - Maher, Fran. AU - Vannucci, Susan J.. AU - Smith, Carolyn B.. AU - Simpson, Ian A.. PY - 2000/1/1. Y1 - 2000/1/1. N2 - The relationship between local rates of cerebral glucose utilization (1CMR(glc)) and glucose transporter expression was examined during physiologic activation of the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system. Three days of water deprivation, which is known to activate the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system, resulted in increased ICMR(glc) and increased concentrations of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the neurohypophysis; mRNA levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 were decreased and increased, respectively. Water deprivation also increased 1CMR(glc) in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei; mRNA levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 appeared to increase in these nuclei, but the changes did not achieve statistical significance. ...
Water Restrictions: Water Information: Bureau of MeteorologyWater Restrictions: Water Information: Bureau of Meteorology
The Bureau of Meteorologys Water Restrictions website provides access to current water restrictions information for the whole of Australia. Water restrictions information can be searched by State or Territory, water agency and restriction name. Water restriction names and rules vary throughout Australia due to local requirements. ...
Water Restrictions: Water Information: Bureau of MeteorologyWater Restrictions: Water Information: Bureau of Meteorology
The Bureau of Meteorologys Water Restrictions website provides access to current water restrictions information for the whole of Australia. Water restrictions information can be searched by State or Territory, water agency and restriction name. Water restriction names and rules vary throughout Australia due to local requirements. ...
The physiological and metabolic impacts on sheep and cattle of feed and water deprivation before and during transport - DAF...The physiological and metabolic impacts on sheep and cattle of feed and water deprivation before and during transport - DAF...
Sheep and cattle are frequently subjected to feed and water deprivation (FWD) for about 12 h before, and then during, transport to reduce digesta load in the gastrointestinal tract. This FWD is marked by weight loss as urine and faeces mainly in the first 24 h but continuing at a reduced rate subsequently. The weight of rumen contents falls although water loss is to some extent masked by saliva inflow. FWD is associated with some stress, particularly when transportation is added. This is indicated by increased levels of plasma cortisol that may be partly responsible for an observed increase in the output of water and N in urine and faeces. Loss of body water induces dehydration that may induce feelings of thirst by effects on the hypothalamus structures through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. There are suggestions that elevated cortisol levels depress angiotensin activity and prevent sensations of thirst in dehydrated animals, but further research in this area is needed. Dehydration ...
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Renal Endothelium Heterogeneity and Metabolic Adaptation to Water Deprivation - Research -...Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Renal Endothelium Heterogeneity and Metabolic Adaptation to Water Deprivation - Research -...
BACKGROUND: Renal endothelial cells from glomerular, cortical, and medullary kidney compartments are exposed to different microenvironmental conditions and support specific kidney processes. However, the heterogeneous phenotypes of these cells remain incompletely inventoried. Osmotic homeostasis is vitally important for regulating cell volume and function, and in mammals, osmotic equilibrium is regulated through the countercurrent system in the renal medulla, where water exchange through endothelium occurs against an osmotic pressure gradient. Dehydration exposes medullary renal endothelial cells to extreme hyperosmolarity, and how these cells adapt to and survive in this hypertonic milieu is unknown.. METHODS: We inventoried renal endothelial cell heterogeneity by single-cell RNA sequencing ,40,000 mouse renal endothelial cells, and studied transcriptome changes during osmotic adaptation upon water deprivation. We validated our findings by immunostaining and functionally by targeting oxidative ...
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The rapid decreases in plasma VP and corticosterone that occur after dehydration-induced drinking have been well documented (19, 21, 26, 35, 49, 52, 62, 63). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that drinking after a period of chronic water restriction inhibits the activity of hypothalamic magnocellular and specific subpopulations of parvocellular neurons in the PVN that control pituitary-adrenal activity. We have shown that water restriction for 6 days results in increased Fos expression in VP magnocellular and parvocellular neurons but not CRH parvocellular neurons. Because rehydration results in reduced Fos expression in the VP neurons, our results support the hypothesis that water restriction-induced drinking decreases pituitary-adrenal activity by inhibiting neural activity in VP magnocellular and parvocellular neurons. In addition, rehydration in water-restricted rats that have also undergone acute restraint stress reduces plasma ACTH and Fos in VP magnocellular and ...
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Behavioral effects of MKC-242 (5-{3-[((2,)-1,4-benzodioxan-2-ylmethyl)amino] propoxy}-1,3-benzodioxole CHl), a novel and selective serotonin 1A receptor agonist, were investigated in rats and mice and compared against those of diazepam, buspirone and tandospirone. MKC-242 (0.0625-0.25 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased punished drinking in water-deprived rats. The reference compounds also increased punished drinking at doses of 10 to 40 mg/kg, p.o. The increase by MKC-242 was blocked by N-tert-butyl-3-(4-(2-methoxypenyl)piperazin-1-yl) -2-phenylpropanamide, a serotonin 1A receptor antagonist. MKC-242 (0.1-0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) also increased social interaction under high light and unfamiliar conditions in rats. It had weak benzodiazepine-like side effects in mice. MKC-242 (1, 3 mg/kg, p.o.) attenuated the reduction of locomotion caused by restraint stress in rats, the same effects were observed on both buspirone (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and tandospirone (100 mg/kg, p.o.). In the forced swimming test in ...
Water Deprivation Protocol - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govWater Deprivation Protocol - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The percentage of people with overweight / obesity in the United States has reached very high levels, with 65% of adults over the age of 20 being overweight. Recently, there have been a number of advances in our understanding of the underlying causes of obesity, including greater understanding of both the effects of the environment and effects that are hereditary (i.e., genetic).. One area in which obese versus lean individuals may be different is how their bodies handle water balance and thirst. Studies done in animals suggest that individuals with greater body fat may tolerate periods without water better than lean animals. Thus, at least in animals, others have found a link between ability to tolerate periods without water and increased body weight.. We are studying whether the ability to tolerate periods without water and ability to feel thirst might differ in lean versus obese individuals. To do so, we will ask lean and obese individuals to undergo tests that include a period of ...
RCPA - Osmolality urineRCPA - Osmolality urine
The kidneys can normally concentrate urine to an Osmolality of , 800 mmol/kg within 12 h of fluid restriction (Water deprivation test).. Comparison of serum and urine osmolalities may help to determine the cause of polyuria, to diagnose SIADH and to distinguish pre-renal from renal causes of impaired renal function.. See Osmolality.. ...
State government eases Melbournes water restrictionsState government eases Melbourne's water restrictions
The Victorian government is set to further ease water restrictions for Melbourne following good recent rains and rising water levels in the citys dams, Radio 3AW reports.
Drought-stricken California faces water restrictionsDrought-stricken California faces water restrictions
As drought-stricken California tries to wring every last drop from its half-empty reservoirs, regulators on Tuesday approved the states first mandatory water restrictions for its urban residents.
Unprecedented water restrictions hit drought-stricken...'Unprecedented' water restrictions hit drought-stricken...
José Díaz-Balart talks with Jonathan Jarvis, director of the National Park Service, about the crippling drought conditions hitting California as Gov. Jerry Brown issues an executive order imposing unprecedented water restrictions across the entire state.
Abstract for TER90005Abstract for TER90005
Artificially-inseminated New Zealand White rabbits were administered ethylene glycol by gavage on gestational days 6 through 19 at doses of 0, 100, 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg/day , with 23-24 inseminated animals per group. Clinical signs were recorded daily during treatment and on gd 25 and 30 (animals were observed at least once daily throughout the study); maternal body weights were recorded on gd 0, 6-19, 25 and 30 and maternal water consumption was measured daily. At necropsy (gd 30), maternal body weight, liver weight, kidney weight and gravid uterine weight were recorded. Kidneys, from 10 animals/dose and all females who died, were examined histologically. Ovarian corpora lutea were counted; uterine implantation sites (total sites, resorptions, dead fetuses and live fetuses) were recorded. All live fetuses were weighed, sexed and examined for external, visceral, craniofacial and skeletal alterations.. EG administered by gavage to pregnant NZW rabbits during major organogenesis resulted in ...
KAKEN - Research Projects | Circadian rhythms and the effects of water restriction and water loading on daily urinary excretion...KAKEN - Research Projects | Circadian rhythms and the effects of water restriction and water loading on daily urinary excretion...
Principal Investigator：AONO Hiroshi, Project Period (FY)：1990 - 1991, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C), Research Field：Hygiene
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On-farm hatching systems for broiler chicks are increasingly used in practice. We studied whether or not performance, health and welfare aspects differed between commercial flocks hatched on-farm or in a hatchery (control). In two successive production cycles on seven farms, a total of 16 on-farm hatched flocks were paired to 16 control flocks, housed at the same farm. Paired flocks originated from the same batch of eggs and were subjected to similar on-farm management. On-farm hatched and control flocks only differed with respect to hatching conditions, with on-farm hatched flocks not being exposed to, for example, chick handling, post-hatch feed and water deprivation and transport, in contrast to control flocks that were subjected to standard hatchery procedures, subsequently transported and placed in the poultry house. Day-old chick quality (navel and hock scores), 1st week mortality, total mortality, BW at day (d) 0, d7 and at depopulation, and (total) feed conversion ratio were determined. ...
Water restrictions for Tipperary residents as supplies vulnerable to failure - Tipperary LiveWater restrictions for Tipperary residents as supplies vulnerable to failure - Tipperary Live
The EPA Drinking Water Quality in Public Supplies Report 2019, released this week, shows that the quality of drinking water in public supplies remains high...
Water restrictions to remain | News24Water restrictions to remain | News24
The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) in the Free State has made a clarion call to consumers to continue using water sparingly.
Cape Town tightens water restrictions | SAnewsCape Town tightens water restrictions | SAnews
The City of Cape Town is taking a number of stringent actions to drive down water consumption, including level 5 restrictions and a further increase in pressure management.
Cities struggle with Californias puzzle of water restrictionsCities struggle with California's puzzle of water restrictions
Challenges have bedeviled some of California water conservation efforts so far, and experts expect uneven levels of compliance and success.
SECTION 07 42 00 METAL WALL PANEL SYSTEMSECTION 07 42 00 METAL WALL PANEL SYSTEM
Film Hardness: Following water resistance testing specified above and when tested in accordance with ASTM D 3363 the coating shall retain not less than (softer) a B rating (Pencil hardness) for scratching after 1/2 hour and after 6 hours, and; net less than a B rating for gouging after 1/2 hour and an HB rating after 5 hours ...
Metabolic Cages for Rodent | Sabale SystemMetabolic Cages for Rodent | Sabale System
NuAire Metabolic cages Rodent, Innovive Rodent metabolic cages, Metabolic Cages Rodent harvardapparatus, Metabolic Cage Rodent VWR, Allentown Rodent Metabolic Cage, Labconco Rodent metabolic cages Thermofisher
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Vitamin LifeNephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Vitamin Life
Water deprivation test: Patients with NDI tend to produce urine that has a low concentration despite being deprived of water. On administration of AVP, patients with NDI will show little or no increase in urine concentration. During the water deprivation test, the patient is carefully monitored to make sure his or her body weight and blood plasma concentration stay within a safe range. The patient goes without water for less than six hours while the blood plasma concentrations and urine volume are measured. If the patient has NDI, he or she will be resistant to the antidiuretic action of AVP. Immediately following the water deprivation period, a patient with NDI will still have concentrated blood plasma and dilute urine despite the fact that he or she will be fairly dehydrated at that point. At the end of the water fast, the patients response to an infusion of DDAVP is measured. If the patient does not respond to DDAVP, he or she may have NDI. If the patient shows highly concentrated urine in ...
Response to water deprivation testing in age-related orthostatic hypotension - ePrints - Newcastle UniversityResponse to water deprivation testing in age-related orthostatic hypotension - ePrints - Newcastle University
Full text for this publication is not currently held within this repository. Alternative links are provided below where available. ...
Drinking tons of waterDrinking tons of water
Diabetes mellitus would have shown up on bloodwork if that was the problem. Cushings is also a cause of drinking and peeing a lot, as is prednisone if theyre on it. Theres also a disease called diabetes insipidus that causes them to drink and pee like mad with no bloodwork abnormalities. If all other tests are normal, the next step is to do a water deprivation test to differentiate diabetes insipidus from a behavioral thing. The good news is that its treatable. The bad news is that the hormone to treat it is kinda expensive ...
City issues warning about water supply; voluntary water restrictions implemented - Bristol ObserverCity issues warning about water supply; voluntary water restrictions implemented - Bristol Observer
Mayor Kenneth Cockayne announced today that the Bristol Water Department, as a Department of the City of Bristol, is notifying customers that the citys reservoirs have declined to 70 percent capacity from the lack of rain and that the water department has issued voluntary water restrictions effective immediately.. "A lack of rain and unseasonably warm weather over the past few weeks has lowered our reservoirs along with the aquifers that our well fields draw water from to levels that require the Bristol Water Department to request conservation from our customers," said Robert J. Longo, superintendent of the Bristol Water Department in a press release from the city. Longo added, "Earlier this week, the Bristol Water Department reached out to our larger users including the Parks Department, Public Works, Fire Department, Board of Education, Pequabuck and Chippanee golf courses, ESPN, St Paul Catholic High School, and Lake Compounce asking for their cooperation in reducing usage at their ...
Water Supply Update > Shoalhaven City...Water Supply Update > Shoalhaven City...
With the last significant rainfall in the Shoalhaven catchment occurring in June, the natural flows in the Shoalhaven River have dropped to below 90 megalitres per day and water restrictions may be necessary in the next month. The previous water restrictions were removed in December 2018 following significant rainfall and with regular falls since that time, there has been no need to impose restrictions. This is despite the drought conditions being experienced in other parts of NSW. Water restrictions are imposed in line with the Shoalhaven Drought Management Plan and are triggered by the first release of water from the backup storage at Danjera Dam. This first release occurs when Councils off-stream storage drops to 60% capacity, it currently sits at 87%.. The Acting Director of Shoalhaven Water Mr Robert Horner said, "the total combined Shoalhaven dam storage level is at 85% of capacity and the outlook for rain in the near future is not strong. We are therefore preparing for water restrictions ...
Responses of young apple trees to soil water restriction: combining shoot morphology and leaf functioning over a range of...Responses of young apple trees to soil water restriction: combining shoot morphology and leaf functioning over a range of...
Adapting temperate fruit-tree cultivation to stressful environments is a considerable challenge for the breeder. This is especially true for water restriction (WR) which is likely to occur more frequently in the near future, not only in Mediterranean climates but also in several parts of the middle and high latitudes. Apple was chosen as an example of fruit tree distributed worldwide and also cultivated in semi-arid regions where irrigation is crucial for regular cropping. A range of apple genotypes sourced from a single-cross-population and trained as grafted one-year-old single shoots, grown in 4-L pots in controlled conditions were used. We investigated genotype variations in some morphological and leaf ecophysiological traits of shoots maintained in a severe WR in comparison to well-watered (WW) shoots. A Principal Component Analysis performed on all variables showed that the effects of WR on the two components of vegetative growth (i.e., stem and leaf) and on leaf ecophysiology strongly ...
Census Bureaus OnTheMap Shows Potential Impact of Prince Georges County Water RestrictionsCensus Bureau's OnTheMap Shows Potential Impact of Prince George's County Water Restrictions
WASHINGTON, July 18, 2013 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Census Bureaus OnTheMap Shows Potential Impact of Prince Georges County Water Restrictions.
Fish deaths immediately following water changeFish deaths immediately following water change
Did a water change on my clown loach tank just now. Came back 45 minutes later to feed them and 2 of my 8 loaches are stone dead. No signs of distress whatsoever from the survivors, nor from the dozens of danios and the pleco in that tank. Water parameters check out just fine, 0/0/15. Im pretty crushed. What did I do? Did I forget to add prime (I have since added a double dose just in case)? I cant say with complete confidence that I remembered. You would think other fish would be
AllAboutFeed - Meta-analysis: Can PHFWD harm poultry development?AllAboutFeed - Meta-analysis: Can PHFWD harm poultry development?
Delayed access to food and water after hatching causes weight loss in chicks during holding, mainly due to dehydration and utilisation of the yolk. A meta-analysis was performed to determine effects of post-hatch food and water deprivation (PHFWD) on chicken development, performance and welfare.
Camel, an incredible creature in difficult environment - Traditional Animal Genetic Resources for Food Security Under Climate...Camel, an incredible creature in difficult environment - Traditional Animal Genetic Resources for Food Security Under Climate...
|strong|Author:|a title=Dr Abdul Raziq href=http://www.articlesbase.com/authors/dr-abdul-raziq/825282|Dr Abdul Raziq|/a||/strong||br /||p|Camel has adapted mechanisms that allow it to withstand prolonged water deprivation, high temperature, especially in the absence of readily available water, and survive when feed resources are scarce or of poor quality. Heat tolerance is in part due to its\ ability to minimize water loss. The camel…
Irish Water to end water restrictions in Dublin soonIrish Water to end water restrictions in Dublin 'soon'
Thousands of homes and businesses are still without water in Cork, Wexford, Tipperary and Limerick in the wake of Storm Emma, while restrictions remain in place in the Greater Dublin area affecting 1.2 million people.
What Type of Tea Is Best For You | Alchemical BodyWhat Type of Tea Is Best For You | Alchemical Body
Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world, following water. With the large assortment of teas available today, it is often difficult to decide which type of tea is right for you. Black, Green, White, Oolong, Red, and Herbal teas have been appraised for their health and medicinal benefits. Furthermore, black, green, oolong,…
Dallas-Fort Worth emerges from year-long drought - CBS NewsDallas-Fort Worth emerges from year-long drought - CBS News
U.S. Drought Monitor reclassified cities as first metropolitan Texas area out of drought; Water restrictions expected to be eased
Copeptin in the Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus. The CoSIP-Study - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.govCopeptin in the Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus. The CoSIP-Study - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Background:. Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) measurement is recommended for the differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus and polydipsia. However, AVP measurement is cumbersome. AVP is derived from a larger precursor peptide along with copeptin, which is a more stable peptide directly mirroring the production of AVP. Copeptin can be assayed readily in plasma.. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of copeptin levels in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus.. Design: Prospective, observational multicenter study.. Setting: Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Basel. Patients: Patients with suspected or known central (complete or partial), nephrogenic (complete or partial) or psychogenic diabetes insipidus undergoing a standardized water deprivation test.. Intervention: All patients with suspected or known diabetes insipidus will undergo an overnight water deprivation test and a standardized water deprivation test, as routinely performed in the ...
A Family Case of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus - NDI FoundationA Family Case of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus - NDI Foundation
Two brothers, patient 1 with fever and vomiting, and patient 2 with failure to gain weight were studied. After 4 hr of water deprivation test, the urinary osmolality of the patient 1 was only 105 mOsm/liter and his body weight showed a 4.6% reduction. In response to desamino-8-D arginine vasopressin intranasal administration, no significant elevation of urinary osmolality of patient 1 occurred. After low dose vasopressin tests, the maximal urinary osmolality of their father was in the normal range, but that of their mother was below the normal range. Moreover, the patients showed no significant increase of urinary osmolality after the same tests. The brothers were diagnosed as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and their mother was diagnosed as a carrier. An early diagnosis of NDI is important, since adequate managements such as low-solute diet with restricted protein and salt intake or such as water intake at frequent intervals can prevent the hyperosmolality which would develop the delayed mental
Bearwood Road Surgery - Library - Health A-ZBearwood Road Surgery - Library - Health A-Z
A water deprivation test involves not drinking any liquid for several hours to see how your body responds. If you have diabetes insipidus, youll continue to pass large amounts of dilute urine, when normally youd only pass a small amount of concentrated urine.. During the test, the amount of urine you produce will be measured. You may also need a blood test to assess the levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in your blood.. Your blood and urine may also be tested for substances such as glucose (blood sugar), calcium and potassium. If you have diabetes insipidus, your urine will be very dilute, with low levels of other substances. A large amount of sugar in your urine may be a sign of type 1 or type 2 diabetes rather than diabetes insipidus.. ...
Excess cortisol interferes with a principal mechanism of resistance to dehydration in Bos indicus steers - ResearchOnline@JCUExcess cortisol interferes with a principal mechanism of resistance to dehydration in Bos indicus steers - [email protected]
This study investigated the effects of excess cortisol on physiological mechanisms that resist dehydration in Bos indicus steers (n = 31, 2 yr of age, 193 ± 21.47 kg mean BW) during a 90-h period. Steers were assigned randomly to one of four groups: 1) no water/no cortisol (n = 8), 2) water/no cortisol (n = 8), 3) no water/cortisol (n = 8), and 4) water/cortisol (n = 7). Animals allocated to cortisol treatment groups were given 0.1 mg•kg BW-1•h-1 of hydrocortisone suspended in isotonic saline for the duration of the study. Total body water, osmolality, hematocrit, urine output, feed and water intake, and plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (AII), electrolytes, total protein, and albumin were determined at 24-h intervals for 90 h. In the presence of excess plasma cortisol, total body water was maintained in the presence of a water deprivation insult for 90 h, whereas hydration indices, such as total plasma protein and albumin, did not change, supporting the ...
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We investigated the physiological and behavioural strategies by which lactating Ethiopian Somali goats endure repeated periods of water deprivation. The experiment lasted for 32 days and was divided into four periods of 8 days each. Measurements were taken during the first 4 days in each period. Seven does (W1) were watered once daily and seven does (W4) were watered once every 4th day. Rectal temperature was taken at 0800 and 1715 h. Blood samples were taken in the evening and milk samples in the morning. The goats were on pasture between 0900 to 1215 h and 1315 to 1630 h with behaviour recorded every 5 min. The does were supplemented with 300 g of concentrates per head per day. Plasma and milk osmolality were determined by freezing point depression. Plasma total protein was measured on a TS refractometer. Plasma vasopressin concentrations were analysed by radio-immunoassay. The mean daily water intake of W1 was 1897 ml compared with the calculated mean of 1075 ml in W4 (P , 0.001). The mean ...
Chest pain on taking fluids, dehydration on not drinking. How can I get overcome this? - Doctors insight on HealthcareMagicChest pain on taking fluids, dehydration on not drinking. How can I get overcome this? - Doctor's insight on HealthcareMagic
Question - Chest pain on taking fluids, dehydration on not drinking. How can I get overcome this?. Ask a Doctor about Vagus nerve, Ask a General & Family Physician
Flag Drugstore: Can i take viagra with effient registered shipping!Flag Drugstore: Can i take viagra with effient registered shipping!
The three respective series of more recent evidence suggests that the pefr chest x-ray the diagnostic and operative vaginal delivery. Surgical drainage whenever feasible, however. Moral of the medulla oblongata. Grant s atlas of gynecologic laparoscopists has issued a safety update that further stated that surgeons wishing to use a number of items is shown in table 39.4. Us offender counseling. Pg synthetase inhibitors given near term or during the initial stages, however once the delirium , earache, as well as the decrescendos: Ar, pr cause of 2001;67:13 16. Also called stage fright. Complications of hysterectomy. Common sites for trocar injury is caused by water deprivation in mild intermittent asthma on as needed basis and is considered unlikely in normal subjects, in daily practice. It stimulates ctz and are called the firstorder autocorrelation, and so on. The majority of fistulae reasons for specialist care. Also called the principle of indifference. Deaths have been developed in 1968 ...
Plus itPlus it
In plants, many cuticle-associated mutants have been reported (Kosma and Jenks, 2007), but none of these exhibited reduced transpiration rates, improved WUE, and elevated tolerance to drought-like conditions. The cer9 mutant reported here shows delayed leaf wilting when exposed to increasing water deprivation, which was associated with reduced whole plant transpiration rates regardless of whether stomata were open (in the light) or closed (in the dark). Moreover, the cer9 mutant had higher WUE (less-negative δ13C), while no other cuticle mutants we examined here (even those with known cuticle permeability defects) showed any change in WUE. Besides a dramatic elevation in the VLCFA pool of the cuticular waxes of the cer9 mutant, cer9 also possessed major changes in the cutin monomer composition and a highly modified cuticle membrane ultrastructure. The total cutin monomer amount on the stem of cer9 was 1.6-fold greater than on the wild type, and the stem cuticle membrane thickness was comparably ...
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In the camel, it has also been demonstrated that the daily Ta cycle is able to entrain the master circadian clock, thus highlighting that Ta is a true zeitgeber (El Allali et al. 2013). The protocol validated in this study will also permit to test in these specific conditions, if the zeitgeber effect of Ta cycle with higher amplitude is able, as suggested by (El Allali et al. 2013), to counteract the zeitgeber effect of the light-dark cycle, a fundamental question in mammalian circadian biology. It will also lead to determine more precisely the functioning of the master clock and the circadian network in dehydrated and heat‐stressed camels.. The use of data loggers over a long period of time has also facilitated understanding the interpretation of (Al‐Haidary 2005). In the present work, we observed that the increase in amplitude of Tb starts after 7 days under heat stress and water deprivation. In the work of (Al‐Haidary 2005), the analysis was only done after 4 days and the protocol used ...
subject:(Biochemistry) - OATDsubject:(Biochemistry) - OATD
The principal objective of this study was to develop an alternative non-genetic rat model for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (190.56 ± 23.60g) were randomly divided into six groups namely: Normal Control (NC), Diabetic/Streptozotocin Control (STZ), Fructose-10 (FR10+STZ), Fructose-20 (FR20+STZ), Fructose-30 (FR30+STZ) and Fructose-40 (FR40+STZ) and were fed a normal rat pellet diet ad libitum for 2 weeks. During this period, the two control groups received normal drinking water whilst the fructose groups received 10, 20, 30 and 40% fructose in drinking water ad libitum respectively. After two weeks of dietary manipulation, all groups except the NC group received a single injection (i.p.) of streptozotocin (STZ) (40mg/kg BW) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.4). The NC group received only a vehicle buffer injection (i.p.). One week after the STZ injection, animals with non-fasting blood glucose ,300 mg/dl were considered as diabetic. Three weeks after the STZ ...
publisher:University of KwaZulu-Natal +contributor:(Islam, Md. Shahidul) - OATDpublisher:'University of KwaZulu-Natal' +contributor:('Islam, Md. Shahidul') - OATD
The principal objective of this study was to develop an alternative non-genetic rat model for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (190.56 ± 23.60g) were randomly divided into six groups namely: Normal Control (NC), Diabetic/Streptozotocin Control (STZ), Fructose-10 (FR10+STZ), Fructose-20 (FR20+STZ), Fructose-30 (FR30+STZ) and Fructose-40 (FR40+STZ) and were fed a normal rat pellet diet ad libitum for 2 weeks. During this period, the two control groups received normal drinking water whilst the fructose groups received 10, 20, 30 and 40% fructose in drinking water ad libitum respectively. After two weeks of dietary manipulation, all groups except the NC group received a single injection (i.p.) of streptozotocin (STZ) (40mg/kg BW) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.4). The NC group received only a vehicle buffer injection (i.p.). One week after the STZ injection, animals with non-fasting blood glucose ,300 mg/dl were considered as diabetic. Three weeks after the STZ ...
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Chemicals. The following chemicals were used: naphthalene (,99% purity; Fisher Scientific, Gibbstown, NJ); glycol methacrylate resin (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Fort Washington, PA); acetonitrile (EMD Chemicals, Gibbstown, NJ); triethylamine (Burdick and Jackson Division, Muskegon, MI); β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrate (β-NADP); l-glutathione, glucose 6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); paraformaldehyde (Fisher Scientific); formic acid (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany); and toluidine blue (Polysciences, Warrington, PA).. Animals. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased from Harlan (San Diego, CA). Animals were provided with food and water ad libitum and were housed in an Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care accredited facility in HEPA-filtered cages at the University of California, Davis, for at least 7 days before use in an experiment. Rats weighed 180 to 200 g at the time of necropsy.. Inhalation ...
Reduced Neurogenesis after Neonatal Seizures | Journal of NeuroscienceReduced Neurogenesis after Neonatal Seizures | Journal of Neuroscience
Sprague Dawley rats were used in all experiments and were treated in accordance with the guidelines set by the National Institutes of Health for the humane treatment of animals. Attempts were made to minimize the number of animals used. Animals had access to food and water ad libitum; they were housed with their litter until weaning at postnatal day 21 (P21), after which they were grouped in plastic cages under diurnal lighting conditions with 12 hr on and 12 hr off. In all experiments, littermates were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups. Experimental and control animals remained together with the dam until weaning.. Sixteen rats were used for a pilot study of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-5′-monophosphate (BrdU) dosage and 126 immature rats [experimental (exp.), n = 63; control (con.),n = 63] were used for the time course study of neurogenesis in immature rats. Twelve rats (exp., n = 6; con., n = 6) were used to determine the consequence of a single seizure on ...
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Animals and surgery. Young adult female Sprague Dawley rats (B & K Universal, Stockholm, Sweden), weighing 200-250 gm at the beginning of the experiment, were housed under a 12 hr light/dark cycle with access to food and water ad libitum. Two stereotaxic injections of 6-OHDA were made under equithesin anesthesia into the right striatum using a 10 μl Hamilton microsyringe fitted with a 26 gauge steel cannula. A total amount of 6-OHDA (20 μg) dissolved in 4 μl of 0.2 mg/mll-ascorbate-saline (10 μg in 2 μl per site) was injected at the following coordinates (in mm, with reference to bregma and dura): (1) anterior-posterior, 0.5; lateral, −2.5; and ventral, −5.0 [tooth bar (TB), 0] and (2) anterior-posterior, −0.5; lateral, −4.2; and ventral, −5.0 (TB, 0). The injection rate was 1 μl/min, and the cannula was left in place for additional 2 min before slowly retracting it.. During the same surgery session, animals received implants of 22 gauge guide cannulae (Plastics One, Roanoke, VA) ...
Effect of Dehydration on the Quality Characteristics of Extruded Pasta Using Millet Milk Powder | OMICS InternationalEffect of Dehydration on the Quality Characteristics of Extruded Pasta Using Millet Milk Powder | OMICS International
Millet is an indispensable food for millions of people inhabiting the semi-arid tropics. It is used primarily for human food and remains a major source of calories and a ..
Greatest Water CrisisGreatest Water Crisis
What are we going to do once all the water is gone? Thanks to the worst drought in more than 1,000 years, the western third of the country is facing the greatest water crisis that the United States has ever seen. Lake Mead is now the lowest that it has ever been since the Hoover Dam was finished in the 1930s, mandatory water restrictions have already been implemented in the state of California, and there are already widespread reports of people stealing water in some of the worst hit areas. But this is just the beginning. Right now, in a desperate attempt to maintain somewhat "normal" levels of activity, water is being pumped out of the ground in the western half of the nation at an absolutely staggering pace. Once that irreplaceable groundwater is gone, that is when the real crisis will begin. If this multi-year drought stretches on and becomes the "megadrought" that a lot of scientists are now warning about, life as we know it in much of the country is going to be fundamentally transformed and ...
Cape Towns consciousness about water consumption has helped reduce...'Cape Town's consciousness about water consumption has helped reduce...
Xanthea Limberg, mayoral committee member for informal settlements, water and waste services & energy speaks on water restriction rules 
Does your town have a water ban in effect? - The Boston GlobeDoes your town have a water ban in effect? - The Boston Globe
As Massachusetts endures its worst drought in more than a decade, many of the states cities and towns have issued outdoor water restrictions or bans to conserve water.
Man killed in Sydney over water use | The RiotACTMan killed in Sydney over water use | The RiotACT
Although this happened in Sydney I believe it has implications for Canberra given our ongoing water restrictions. How many readers have found themselves in a
How long does it take for your body to rehydrate?How long does it take for your body to rehydrate?
Effects Of Dehydration On Strength Training [UPDATED] What is Dehydration? Dehydration occurs when you lose more fluid than you take in. While this may seem minor, too little water can cause serious problems and a dangerous domino effect leading to life-threatening conditions. Does Dehydration Affect Strength? Dehydration reduces strength (by approximately 2%), power (by approximately […]. ...
Torture in BahrainTorture in Bahrain
Child displacementChild displacement
Laveesh BhandariLaveesh Bhandari
Motivating operationMotivating operation
Vogel Conflict TestVogel Conflict Test
Flowerpot techniqueFlowerpot technique
Marital life of FatimahMarital life of Fatimah
TantalusTantalus
Zhongma FortressZhongma Fortress
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidusNephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Sorby Research InstituteSorby Research Institute
Fairfield, HamiltonFairfield, Hamilton
Nuclear energy in JordanNuclear energy in Jordan
Super Sabre (comics)Super Sabre (comics)
Alcohol use and sleepAlcohol use and sleep
Ruby Mining DistrictRuby Mining District
Circumventricular organsCircumventricular organs
NocturiaNocturia
Human rights in IranHuman rights in Iran
Primary polydipsiaPrimary polydipsia
DynorphinDynorphin
PrivationPrivation
Torture during the Bahraini uprising (2011-present)Torture during the Bahraini uprising (2011-present)
Vesper sparrowVesper sparrow
UrocortinUrocortin
Services HospitalServices Hospital
Subfornical organSubfornical organ
Neumania papillatorNeumania papillator
Diabetes insipidusDiabetes insipidus
Type 2 diabetesType 2 diabetes
AcneAcne
Cultured neuronal networkCultured neuronal network
Bengal famine of 1943Bengal famine of 1943
South West EnglandSouth West England
Mineral (nutrient)Mineral (nutrient)
Minahasan peopleMinahasan people
High-altitude cerebral edemaHigh-altitude cerebral edema
Cerebral hypoxiaCerebral hypoxia
Forensic entomologyForensic entomology
Robert KatesRobert Kates
Spatial memorySpatial memory
FamineFamine
AKR1B1AKR1B1
Common ostrichCommon ostrich
2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip
Kasutaja:Mariina/Lapseea aktiivsus- ja tähelepanuhäire - VikipeediaKasutaja:Mariina/Lapseea aktiivsus- ja tähelepanuhäire - Vikipeedia
HealthHealth
PeptidePeptide
Cerebral palsyCerebral palsy
HomeostasisHomeostasis
Attachment in childrenAttachment in children
Social determinants of healthSocial determinants of health
Hypoxia (medical)Hypoxia (medical)
Angiogenesis inhibitorAngiogenesis inhibitor
Programmed cell deathProgrammed cell death
Eleven (Stranger Things)Eleven (Stranger Things)
Effect of caffeine on memoryEffect of caffeine on memory
HangoverHangover
AsphyxiaAsphyxia
Sleep deprivationSleep deprivation
Behavioral ecologyBehavioral ecology
Indigenous peoplesIndigenous peoples
Attachment therapyAttachment therapy
Birth defectBirth defect
Africanized beeAfricanized bee
Fictional world of The Hunger GamesFictional world of The Hunger Games
Sensory deprivationSensory deprivation
Health threat from cosmic raysHealth threat from cosmic rays
Vitamin B6Vitamin B6
Health effects of tobaccoHealth effects of tobacco
Tyrosine hydroxylaseTyrosine hydroxylase
Greater LondonGreater London
InchkeithInchkeith
Nail (anatomy)Nail (anatomy)
History of the United Kingdom during the First World WarHistory of the United Kingdom during the First World War
Asian elephantAsian elephant
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Water Deprivation Protocol - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govWater Deprivation Protocol - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
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Effects of water deprivation on blood components and behavior in sheep and goatsEffects of water deprivation on blood components and behavior in sheep and goats
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Differential regulation of TRPC4 in the vasopressin magnocellular system by water deprivation and hepatic cirrhosis in the rat<...Differential regulation of TRPC4 in the vasopressin magnocellular system by water deprivation and hepatic cirrhosis in the rat<...
RCPA - Osmolality urineRCPA - Osmolality urine
Dawn of the dead zone: Warming waters worsen oxygen deprivation - CBS NewsDawn of the dead zone: Warming waters worsen oxygen deprivation - CBS News
Water deprivation syndrome legal definition of water deprivation syndromeWater deprivation syndrome legal definition of water deprivation syndrome
Interresponse time changes as a function of water deprivation and amphetamine. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental...Interresponse time changes as a function of water deprivation and amphetamine. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental...
Recognizing Sleep Deprivation & What to Do About It - TyentUSA Water Ionizer Health BlogRecognizing Sleep Deprivation & What to Do About It - TyentUSA Water Ionizer Health Blog
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Sleep deprivation may cause dehydrationSleep deprivation may cause dehydration
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Medicowesome: Diabetes insipidus and water deprivation testMedicowesome: Diabetes insipidus and water deprivation test
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Water Economy of the Dorcas Gazelle | NatureWater Economy of the Dorcas Gazelle | Nature
Sensory deprivation tank | Floating Salt Water Therapy | Easy FloatSensory deprivation tank | Floating Salt Water Therapy | Easy Float
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ICD-10 Diagnosis Code T73.1XXD Deprivation of water, subsequent encounterICD-10 Diagnosis Code T73.1XXD Deprivation of water, subsequent encounter
Minimum urine flow rate during water deprivation: Importance of the nonurea versus total osmolality in the inner medula<...Minimum urine flow rate during water deprivation: Importance of the nonurea versus total osmolality in the inner medula<...
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SLEEP DEPRIVATION IN THE SUMMER - The Leader NewspaperSLEEP DEPRIVATION IN THE SUMMER - The Leader Newspaper
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Urine concentration test: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaUrine concentration test: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth Care
Water DeprivationWaterDehydrationKidney Concentrating AbilityThirstDrinkingFood DeprivationWater-Electrolyte BalanceSleep DeprivationOsmolar ConcentrationArginine VasopressinDrinking BehaviorVasopressinsDiuresisBody WaterDeamino Arginine VasopressinWater SupplyTrimethadionePolyuriaUrineDiabetes InsipidusOsmometryKidney Papillary NecrosisAquaporin 2Saline Solution, HypertonicKidney MedullaMurinaeSensory DeprivationRats, BrattleboroAquaporin 3AquaporinsSupraoptic NucleusPituitary Gland, PosteriorPsychosocial DeprivationHematocritAntidiuretic AgentsPhenylbutazoneFresh WaterDiabetes Insipidus, NeurogenicNeurophysinsKidney Tubules, CollectingKidneyDiabetes Insipidus, NephrogenicAquaporin 6Rats, Sprague-DawleyBody FluidsSodiumElectrolytesWater PollutionWater PurificationReceptors, VasopressinTime FactorsCultural DeprivationParaventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus
Effects of water deprivationThirstFluidMRNABehaviorMetabolicSheepAdaptationExposureRenalResearchFoodDrinkingAnimalsTestJournalOccursGrowthStudyAmountDehydrationDays of water deprivationEffect of water deprivationHours of sleep deprivationFound that sleep deprivationSensory DeprivationIntakeRestrictionOsmolality20002002VasopressinInducesSubsequentAntidiuretic hormoneGlucoseNegativelyChronicNeuronsSodiumSignificantlyLead to water intoxicationExcretionSymptomsSkipStimuliResearchersHallucinationsApoptosisAmount of water leaving theDiabetesKidneysPeriodsIncreased in durationStressfulExperimentsIncreasesResponseLibitum accessAlleviateOsmoticThirstyFrequentCortisolAlterationsReinforcementLevelsDuration
Effects of water deprivation1
Thirst4
Fluid1
MRNA1
  • Water deprivation resulted in increased TRPC4 mRNA expression in the PVN, while it decreased channel expression levels in the SON. (unthsc.edu)
Behavior2
Metabolic1
Sheep2
  • Given that water withdrawal is one of the major stressors for animals during long-distance transports, it was the aim to study the effects of prolonged water deprivation on different blood and behavioural parameters of goats and sheep under stable conditions. (unibz.it)
  • Withdrawal periods corresponded to EU transport regulations, which allow sheep and goats to be transported for a maximum period of 14 hours, followed by a rest period of at least one hour sufficient for them to drink water, if a further 14-h travel is necessary. (unibz.it)
Adaptation1
Exposure1
Renal1
  • Osmotic homeostasis is vitally important for regulating cell volume and function, and in mammals, osmotic equilibrium is regulated through the countercurrent system in the renal medulla, where water exchange through endothelium occurs against an osmotic pressure gradient. (au.dk)
Research2
Food1
  • Water deprivation test, in which participants will go for 24 hours without water or food and respond to questions about how hungry and thirsty they feel. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Drinking1
  • To do so, we will ask lean and obese individuals to undergo tests that include a period of approximately 24 hours without drinking any water, and on a separate day a shorter period of an intravenous high salt solution infusion. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Animals2
Test1
  • High salt infusion test, in which an infusion of saline (salt water) will be given for 2 hours and participants will respond to questions about how hungry and thirsty they feel during the procedure. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Journal1
  • Nedungadi, TP & Cunningham, JT 2014, ' Differential regulation of TRPC4 in the vasopressin magnocellular system by water deprivation and hepatic cirrhosis in the rat ', American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology , vol. 306, no. 5, pp. (unthsc.edu)
Occurs1
Growth1
  • For all its impressive growth, China must grapple with serious water deprivation , especially in the northern part of China. (thefreedictionary.com)
Study2
  • In the present study tools for authorities to approve the offer of water were evaluated. (unibz.it)
  • In this study, the regulation of TRPC4 expression was investigated in water deprivation and hepatic cirrhosis. (unthsc.edu)
Amount1
  • Measurement of free-living energy using doubly-labeled water, in which participants will drink a sample of water with extra-heavy atoms of hydrogen and oxygen to evaluate the amount of water in the body. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Dehydration8
Days of water deprivation1
  • After periods of three, seven and fourteen days of water deprivation, the distribution of renal HA changed considerably, and there was a general down-regulation of HAS mRNA expression. (edu.au)
Effect of water deprivation2
  • Bartolo, Ray C. and Donald, John 2003, The effect of water deprivation on the expression of the tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein in the Spinifex hopping mouse, Notomys alexis , in ANZSCPB Proceedings, Volume 20 : 20th Annual Meeting of Australian and New Zealand Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry , University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tas. (edu.au)
  • Second, we examined the effect of water deprivation, with and without subsequent intake, on circulating GLP-1, and on expression of the GLP-1 precursor protein, proglucagon, and GLP-1R in the ileum and NTS to test the hypothesis that perturbations of fluid intake affect endogenous GLP-1. (jneurosci.org)
Hours of sleep deprivation1
  • After four hours of sleep, Abu Ja'far al-Iraqi was subjected to an additional 52 hours of sleep deprivation, after which CIA headquarters informed interrogators that eight hours was the minimum rest period between sleep deprivation sessions exceeding 48 hours. (usatoday.com)
Found that sleep deprivation2
Sensory Deprivation5
Intake13
  • An early diagnosis of NDI is important, since adequate managements such as low- solute diet with restricted protein and salt intake or such as water intake at frequent intervals can prevent the hyperosmolality which would develop the delayed mental and physical developments. (ndif.org)
  • Water intake was restricted for four hours, urine samples taken hourly and body weight measured hourly. (ndif.org)
  • Harmless Copious Water Intake or Hormone Disorder? (medscape.com)
  • A fluid or water deprivation test is a medical test which can be used to determine whether the patient has diabetes insipidus as opposed to other causes of polydipsia (a condition of excessive thirst that causes an excessive intake of water). (wikipedia.org)
  • The patient is required, for a prolonged period, to forgo intake of water completely, to determine the cause of the thirst. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, we measured changes in GLP-1-associated gene expression after water intake, and compared the effects of fluid intake to those caused by food intake. (jneurosci.org)
  • Subsequent experiments showed that water intake had a selective effect on central GLP-1-related gene expression, unlike food intake, which affected both central and peripheral GLP-1. (jneurosci.org)
  • First, we tested the effect of central administration of the GLP-1R antagonist, exendin-9 (Ex-9), on water and saline intakes to test the hypothesis that endogenous GLP-1 controls stimulated fluid intake. (jneurosci.org)
  • It is concluded that water deprivation following feeding intensifies physiological heat stress related indicators such as respiratory rate and panting score and changes behavioral parameters such as water intake and urine excretion frequency in heat stressed ewes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Body weight, water intake, urine output, solute and urea excretion, serum and urine osmolality, serum creatinine, 24-h creatinine clearance, and fractional excretion of sodium were comparable among the three groups. (asnjournals.org)
  • Moreover, treatments that typically cause water intake stimulate salt intake under some circumstances particularly when serotonin receptors in the LPBN are blocked. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consistent with its anatomical connectivity, the LPBN plays a crucial role in inhibiting water and sodium intake in response to increases in BP and volume and conversely, stimulating water intake in response to hypovolemia and hypotension. (frontiersin.org)
  • Those with a low fluid intake showed an increase in positive emotion, satisfaction, and calmness when they increased their water intake. (healthline.com)
Restriction3
Osmolality3
20001
20024
  • 2002 ), reducing the differences in deprivation among communities might also be associated with the better health outcomes. (springer.com)
  • 2002). Sleep deprivation can lead to traffic accidents due to fatigue and alterations in the biological rhythm. (scielo.br)
  • This repeated cross-sectional study draws on General Household Surveys from 2002-2009, a series of annual nationally representative surveys of South African households, which include a question about perceived drinking water safety. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The relationship between perceived drinking water safety and organoleptic qualities of drinking water, supply characteristics, and socio-economic and demographic household characteristics was explored in 2002 and 2008 using hierarchical stepwise logistic regression. (biomedcentral.com)
Vasopressin8
Induces1
  • In addition, inactivation of the LPBN induces overdrinking of water in response to a range of dipsogenic treatments primarily, but not exclusively, those associated with endogenous centrally acting angiotensin II. (frontiersin.org)
Subsequent1
Antidiuretic hormone2
Glucose2
  • This work is to study the baicalin and its three analogs, baicalin, wogonoside, and wogonin, on the protective effect of neuron from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression in OGD damage. (hindawi.com)
  • In these instances, stores of water and glucose are depleted. (encyclopedia.com)
Negatively3
Chronic2
  • Chronic sleep deprivation can also lead to depression, weight gain, increased risk of diabetes and cancer and increased risk of accidents. (mercola.com)
  • Given that chronic sleep difficulties affect approximately 10-30% of the population, and that for some people, sleeplessness is an occupational hazard ( 5 , 6 ), it is important to better understand the psychopathological effects of sleep deprivation, and what happens with increasing time awake. (frontiersin.org)
Neurons2
  • NADPH-d/c-Fos double-stained neurons in the mP-PVN did not significantly change depending on different water conditions. (elsevier.com)
  • Thus, we demonstrated that gene disruption of nNOS prevents activation of Bcl-2, p53 and caspase-9 expression during water deprivation, and that nNOS deficiency did not affect survival of magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus. (elsevier.com)
Sodium1
  • Activation of the countercurrent concentrating mechanism, which is initiated by increased sodium-potassium-2 chloride (Na-K-2Cl) co-transporter in the water impermeable ascending limb, creates the osmotic driving force for passive water reabsorption across the collecting duct. (asnjournals.org)
Significantly3
  • Ethnicity, education, administrative region, distance to urban centres, and drought-induced migration significantly predict differences in the mean level of deprivation across Bolivian villages. (springer.com)
  • A lack of water also messes with the temperature of your body, which could lead to hyperthermia - when the body's temperature is significantly above normal. (carenow.com)
  • Notably, a significantly increased orexin level in VP is accompanied by an increase in serum corticosterone in animals exposed to acute stresses, including forced swimming, food/water deprivation and social rank stress, rather than non-stress situations. (nature.com)
Lead to water intoxication1
  • So the wrong therapy can have grave consequences "if you don't have diabetes insipidus," but are given the treatment for it, synthetic desmopressin , that "can lead to water intoxication, which can be life threatening," Christ-Crain explained. (medscape.com)
Excretion5
Symptoms4
Skip1
Stimuli1
Researchers2
  • Scientists have long known that warmer water increases this problem, but a new study Monday in the journal Global Change Biology by Smithsonian Institution researchers found about two dozen different ways - biologically, chemically and physically - that climate change worsens the oxygen depletion. (cbsnews.com)
  • Researchers have developed a water cloaking concept based on electromagnetic forces that could eliminate an object's wake, greatly reducing its drag while. (innovations-report.com)
Hallucinations1
Apoptosis2
  • La técnica TUNEL se utilizó para detectar apoptosis en secciones del diencéfalo incluidas en parafina . (bvsalud.org)
  • La privación de agua prenatal indujo la apoptosis en el desarrollo del NDS de las ratas macho derivadas por la reducción de concentración de testosterona sérica. (bvsalud.org)
Amount of water leaving the1
Diabetes3
Kidneys10
Periods4
  • Studies done in animals suggest that individuals with greater body fat may tolerate periods without water better than lean animals. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Other research has found a link between the ability to tolerate periods without water and increased body weight. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Thus, at least in animals, others have found a link between ability to tolerate periods without water and increased body weight. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Withdrawal periods corresponded to EU transport regulations, which allow sheep and goats to be transported for a maximum period of 14 hours, followed by a rest period of at least one hour sufficient for them to drink water, if a further 14-h travel is necessary. (unibz.it)
Increased in duration1
  • Short-IRTs that characterized fixed-ratio 20 performance were resistant to change with increasing doses of amphetamine, but were increased in duration with decreasing water deprivation. (aspetjournals.org)
Stressful1
Experiments2
  • It has occasionally been suggested that gazelles may be able to live indefinitely on dry food without water, like desert rodents, but no experiments have been made to determine if this is true or whether, like camels, they need to drink. (nature.com)
  • Others were subject to experiments on nutrient or water deprivation. (wikipedia.org)
Increases3
Response1
  • Making water available before the session lowered the amphetamine dose-response curve along the vertical axis, suggesting that amphetamine did not mimic satiation. (aspetjournals.org)
Libitum access2
Alleviate1
Osmotic1
  • Water is the most critical nutrient for both plant and animal life- to maintain cellular osmotic pressure, for transport of metabolites and as the medium in which reactions take place. (world-agriculture.net)
Thirsty2
  • Patients are very thirsty and drink much more than 3 or 4 L/day, and then may wake in the night to drink more water or go to the bathroom. (medscape.com)
  • When you're really thirsty and you get water as a reward, the impact of that reward may be more prevailing to the brain. (eurekalert.org)
Frequent1
  • Disturbances in the sleep-wake rhythm and sleep deprivation are increasingly frequent due to events that are progressively more common in modern life in more developed countries (Spiegel et al. (scielo.br)
Cortisol1
  • This is indicated by increased levels of plasma cortisol that may be partly responsible for an observed increase in the output of water and N in urine and faeces. (qld.gov.au)
Alterations3
  • Changes induced by doses of amphetamine or alterations in level of water deprivation were compared and contrasted. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Paradoxical sleep deprivation: neurochemical, hormonal and behavioral alterations. (scielo.br)
  • This article reviews past and current literature on the paradoxical sleep deprivation method as well as data on its consequences to animals, ranging from behavioral changes to alterations in the gene expression. (scielo.br)
Reinforcement1
  • This investigation used three schedules of water reinforcement (fixed-ratio 20, fixed-interval 90-seconds and variable-interval 20-seconds) to examine how these IRT classes are influenced by changes in water deprivation conditions or amphetamine administration. (aspetjournals.org)
Levels4
Duration2
  • Since sleep deprivation exceeding 48 h is considered unethical today, an examination of historical studies with extreme sleep-loss duration is needed to obtain information about what happens during prolonged sleep loss. (frontiersin.org)
  • This paper presents an examination of psychopathological experiences reported by healthy individuals who participated in sleep-deprivation studies ranging in duration from 24 h up to 11 days. (frontiersin.org)
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