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Vitamin KVitamin K 1Vitamin K DeficiencyVitamin K 2Vitamin K Deficiency BleedingVitamin AVitamin K 3VitaminsVitamin DVitamin K Epoxide ReductasesVitamin EVitamin B 12Vitamin A DeficiencyVitamin D DeficiencyCarbon-Carbon LigasesVitamin B 6Vitamin E DeficiencyVitamin B 12 DeficiencyWarfarinCholecalciferol4-HydroxycoumarinsDietary SupplementsVitamin B 6 DeficiencyAscorbic AcidK562 CellsProthrombin TimeAntifibrinolytic AgentsOsteocalcinProthrombinMixed Function OxygenasesReceptors, CalcitriolVitamin D-Binding ProteinAnticoagulantsInternational Normalized RatioHypoprothrombinemiasDietPyridoxine1-Carboxyglutamic AcidNutritional StatusRodenticidesCalcifediolPhenprocoumonCalcitriolAvitaminosisInjections, IntramuscularAdministration, OralVitamin B DeficiencyAntioxidantsErgocalciferolsBlood Coagulation FactorsH(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPaseBone and Bonesalpha-TocopherolNutritional RequirementsFolic AcidDicumarolPseudoxanthoma ElasticumBlood CoagulationElder Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaRicketsSunlightHemorrhageBone DensityQuinone Reductasesbeta CaroteneLiverFood, FortifiedBlood Coagulation TestsInfant, NewbornDose-Response Relationship, DrugBlood Coagulation DisordersSodium-Coupled Vitamin C TransportersNaphthoquinonesCalciumPartial Thromboplastin TimeBiological MarkersCalcium, DietaryHydroxycholecalciferolsProtein PrecursorsNurseries, HospitalHomocysteineCarotenoidsTranscobalaminsTocopherolsMicrosomes, LiverChromatography, High Pressure Liquid25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2LigasesParathyroid HormoneDouble-Blind MethodNutrition PolicyHemorrhagic DisordersMethylmalonic AcidOsteoporosisBone Density Conservation AgentsHemostaticsRisk FactorsVitamin D Response ElementDihydroxycholecalciferolsBone Diseases, MetabolicRiboflavinTime FactorsPyridoxal PhosphateEtidronic AcidPhenindioneCefotetan
Vitamin K: A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.Vitamin K Deficiency: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)Vitamin K 2: A group of substances similar to VITAMIN K 1 which contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinione and an isoprenoid side chain of varying number of isoprene units. In vitamin K 2, each isoprene unit contains a double bond. They are produced by bacteria including the normal intestinal flora.Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding: Hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency.Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.Vitamins: Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.Vitamin D: A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases: OXIDOREDUCTASES which mediate vitamin K metabolism by converting inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K.Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.Vitamin A Deficiency: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)Vitamin D Deficiency: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)Carbon-Carbon Ligases: Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-carbon bond. These are the carboxylating enzymes and are mostly biotinyl-proteins. EC 6.4.Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.Vitamin E Deficiency: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN E in the diet, characterized by posterior column and spinocerebellar tract abnormalities, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia, and disturbances of gait, proprioception, and vibration. In premature infants vitamin E deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytosis, edema, intraventricular hemorrhage, and increasing risk of retrolental fibroplasia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. An apparent inborn error of vitamin E metabolism, named familial isolated vitamin E deficiency, has recently been identified. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1181)Vitamin B 12 Deficiency: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.4-Hydroxycoumarins: Substances found in many plants, containing the 4-hydroxycoumarin radical. They interfere with vitamin K and the blood clotting mechanism, are tightly protein-bound, inhibit mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes, and are used as oral anticoagulants.Dietary Supplements: Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.Vitamin B 6 Deficiency: A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 6 in the diet, characterized by dermatitis, glossitis, cheilosis, and stomatitis. Marked deficiency causes irritability, weakness, depression, dizziness, peripheral neuropathy, and seizures. In infants and children typical manifestations are diarrhea, anemia, and seizures. Deficiency can be caused by certain medications, such as isoniazid.Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.K562 Cells: An ERYTHROLEUKEMIA cell line derived from a CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA patient in BLAST CRISIS.Prothrombin Time: Clotting time of PLASMA recalcified in the presence of excess TISSUE THROMBOPLASTIN. Factors measured are FIBRINOGEN; PROTHROMBIN; FACTOR V; FACTOR VII; and FACTOR X. It is used for monitoring anticoagulant therapy with COUMARINS.Antifibrinolytic Agents: Agents that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. Several endogenous antiplasmins are known. The drugs are used to control massive hemorrhage and in other coagulation disorders.Osteocalcin: Vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding protein synthesized by OSTEOBLASTS and found primarily in BONES. Serum osteocalcin measurements provide a noninvasive specific marker of bone metabolism. The protein contains three residues of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which, in the presence of CALCIUM, promotes binding to HYDROXYAPATITE and subsequent accumulation in BONE MATRIX.Prothrombin: A plasma protein that is the inactive precursor of thrombin. It is converted to thrombin by a prothrombin activator complex consisting of factor Xa, factor V, phospholipid, and calcium ions. Deficiency of prothrombin leads to hypoprothrombinemia.Mixed Function Oxygenases: Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.Receptors, Calcitriol: Proteins, usually found in the cytoplasm, that specifically bind calcitriol, migrate to the nucleus, and regulate transcription of specific segments of DNA with the participation of D receptor interacting proteins (called DRIP). Vitamin D is converted in the liver and kidney to calcitriol and ultimately acts through these receptors.Vitamin D-Binding Protein: An alpha-globulin found in the plasma of man and other vertebrates. It is apparently synthesized in the liver and carries vitamin D and its metabolites through the circulation and mediates the response of tissue. It is also known as group-specific component (Gc). Gc subtypes are used to determine specific phenotypes and gene frequencies. These data are employed in the classification of population groups, paternity investigations, and in forensic medicine.Anticoagulants: Agents that prevent clotting.International Normalized Ratio: System established by the World Health Organization and the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis for monitoring and reporting blood coagulation tests. Under this system, results are standardized using the International Sensitivity Index for the particular test reagent/instrument combination used.Hypoprothrombinemias: Absence or reduced levels of PROTHROMBIN in the blood.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Pyridoxine: The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990).1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.Nutritional Status: State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.Rodenticides: Substances used to destroy or inhibit the action of rats, mice, or other rodents.Calcifediol: The major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicator of the body's vitamin D stores. It is effective in the treatment of RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA, both in azotemic and non-azotemic patients. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties.Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.Calcitriol: The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.Avitaminosis: A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)Injections, Intramuscular: Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.Administration, Oral: The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.Vitamin B Deficiency: A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.Antioxidants: Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.Blood Coagulation Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, that are involved in the blood coagulation process.H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPaseBone and Bones: A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.alpha-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.Nutritional Requirements: The amounts of various substances in food needed by an organism to sustain healthy life.Folic Acid: A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum: An inherited disorder of connective tissue with extensive degeneration and calcification of ELASTIC TISSUE primarily in the skin, eye, and vasculature. At least two forms exist, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant. This disorder is caused by mutations of one of the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. Patients are predisposed to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION and GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE.Blood Coagulation: The process of the interaction of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS that results in an insoluble FIBRIN clot.Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutritional physiology of adults aged 65 years of age and older.Rickets: Disorders caused by interruption of BONE MINERALIZATION manifesting as OSTEOMALACIA in adults and characteristic deformities in infancy and childhood due to disturbances in normal BONE FORMATION. The mineralization process may be interrupted by disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis, resulting from dietary deficiencies, or acquired, or inherited metabolic, or hormonal disturbances.Sunlight: Irradiation directly from the sun.Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.Bone Density: The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.Quinone Reductases: NAD(P)H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductases. A family that includes three enzymes which are distinguished by their sensitivity to various inhibitors. EC 1.6.99.2 (NAD(P)H DEHYDROGENASE (QUINONE);) is a flavoprotein which reduces various quinones in the presence of NADH or NADPH and is inhibited by dicoumarol. EC 1.6.99.5 (NADH dehydrogenase (quinone)) requires NADH, is inhibited by AMP and 2,4-dinitrophenol but not by dicoumarol or folic acid derivatives. EC 1.6.99.6 (NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone)) requires NADPH and is inhibited by dicoumarol and folic acid derivatives but not by 2,4-dinitrophenol.beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Food, Fortified: Any food that has been supplemented with essential nutrients either in quantities that are greater than those present normally, or which are not present in the food normally. Fortified food includes also food to which various nutrients have been added to compensate for those removed by refinement or processing. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Blood Coagulation Tests: Laboratory tests for evaluating the individual's clotting mechanism.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Blood Coagulation Disorders: Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.Sodium-Coupled Vitamin C Transporters: Membrane transport proteins that actively co-transport ASCORBIC ACID and sodium ions across the CELL MEMBRANE. Dietary absorption of VITAMIN C is highly dependent upon this class of transporters and a subset of SODIUM GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS which transport the oxidized form of vitamin C, DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID.Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.Partial Thromboplastin Time: The time required for the appearance of FIBRIN strands following the mixing of PLASMA with phospholipid platelet substitute (e.g., crude cephalins, soybean phosphatides). It is a test of the intrinsic pathway (factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII) and the common pathway (fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors V and X) of BLOOD COAGULATION. It is used as a screening test and to monitor HEPARIN therapy.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Calcium, Dietary: Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.Hydroxycholecalciferols: Hydroxy analogs of vitamin D 3; (CHOLECALCIFEROL); including CALCIFEDIOL; CALCITRIOL; and 24,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D 3.Protein PrecursorsNurseries, Hospital: Hospital facilities which provide care for newborn infants.Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.Carotenoids: The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.Transcobalamins: A group of carrier proteins which bind with VITAMIN B12 in the BLOOD and aid in its transport. Transcobalamin I migrates electrophoretically as a beta-globulin, while transcobalamins II and III migrate as alpha-globulins.Tocopherols: A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain substitutions on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus and a long hydrocarbon chain of isoprenoid units. They are antioxidants by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen. Tocopherols react with the most reactive form of oxygen and protect unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.Microsomes, Liver: Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid: Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.Ligases: A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 6.Parathyroid Hormone: A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Nutrition Policy: Guidelines and objectives pertaining to food supply and nutrition including recommendations for healthy diet.Hemorrhagic Disorders: Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.Osteoporosis: Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.Bone Density Conservation Agents: Agents that inhibit BONE RESORPTION and/or favor BONE MINERALIZATION and BONE REGENERATION. They are used to heal BONE FRACTURES and to treat METABOLIC BONE DISEASES such as OSTEOPOROSIS.Hemostatics: Agents acting to arrest the flow of blood. Absorbable hemostatics arrest bleeding either by the formation of an artificial clot or by providing a mechanical matrix that facilitates clotting when applied directly to the bleeding surface. These agents function more at the capillary level and are not effective at stemming arterial or venous bleeding under any significant intravascular pressure.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Vitamin D Response Element: A DNA sequence that is found in the promoter region of vitamin D regulated genes. Vitamin D receptor (RECEPTOR, CALCITRIOL) binds to and regulates the activity of genes containing this element.Dihydroxycholecalciferols: Cholecalciferols substituted with two hydroxy groups in any position.Bone Diseases, MetabolicRiboflavin: Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE and FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

Factor VII as a marker of hepatocellular synthetic function in liver disease. (1/237)

Factor VII levels have been measured in 100 patients with liver disease following parenteral vitamin K1 therapy. There was good agreement between specific factor VII measurements and the one-stage prothrombin time apart from six patients with compensated cirrhosis in whom the prothrombin time was prolonged despite the presence of normal factor VII levels. A mean activity of 58% was found in patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients with features of hepatic decompensation had a significantly lower mean level of activity (40%) than the "contrast" patients with surgical obstruction of the major bile ducts (93%). Patients with chronic active liver disease had moderate depression of factor VII levels and those with non-cirrhotic liver damage had mean activities similar to the contrast group. Factor VII levels could not be correlated with BSP retention but there was a correlation with serum albumin concentration. It is concluded that the prothrombin time using Quick test with a standardized thromboplastin showing good sensitivity to factor VII, eg, the Manchester reagent (BCT), provides a reliable index of coagulability in chronic liver disease, and specific factor VII assays are not indicated.  (+info)

Localization of two phylloquinones, QK and QK', in an improved electron density map of photosystem I at 4-A resolution. (2/237)

An improved electron density map of photosystem I from Synechococcus elongatus calculated at 4-A resolution for the first time reveals a second phylloquinone molecule and thereby completes the set of cofactors constituting the electron transfer system of this iron-sulfur type photosynthetic reaction center: six chlorophyll a, two phylloquinones, and three Fe4S4 clusters. The location of the newly identified phylloquinone pair, the individual plane orientations of these molecules, and the resulting distances to other cofactors of the electron transfer system are discussed and compared with those determined by magnetic resonance techniques.  (+info)

Effect of vitamin K1 on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient neonatal erythrocytes in vitro. (3/237)

AIM: To determine whether vitamin K1, which is routinely administered to neonates, could act as an exogenous oxidising agent and be partly responsible for haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphat-dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). METHODS: G-6-PD deficient (n = 7) and control (n = 10) umbilical cord blood red blood cells were incubated in vitro with a vitamin K1 preparation (Konakion). Two concentrations of Vitamin K1 were used, both higher than that of expected serum concentrations, following routine injection of 1 mg vitamin K1. Concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and methaemoglobin, indicators of oxidative red blood cell damage, were determined before and after incubation, and the mean percentage change from baseline calculated. RESULTS: Values (mean (SD)) for GSH, at baseline, and after incubation with vitamin K1 at concentrations of 44 and 444 microM, respectively, and percentage change from baseline (mean (SD)) were 1.97 + 0.31 mumol/g haemoglobin, 1.89 +/- 0.44 mumol/g (-4.3 +/- 13.1%), and 1.69 +/- 0.41 mumol/g (-14.5 +/- 9.3%) for the G-6-PD deficient red blood cells, and 2.27 +/- 0.31 mumol/g haemoglobin, 2.09 +/- 0.56 mumol/g (-7.2 +/- 23.2%), and 2.12 +/- 0.38 mumol/g (-6.0 + 14.1%) for the control cells. For methaemoglobin (percentage of total haemoglobin), the corresponding values were 2.01 +/- 0.53%, 1.93 +/- 0.37% (-0.6 +/- 17.4%) and 2.06 +/- 0.43% (5.7 +/- 14.2%) for the G-6-PD deficient red blood cells, and 1.56 +/- 0.74%, 1.70 +/- 0.78% (12.7 +/- 21.9%), and 1.78 +/- 0.71% (20.6 +/- 26.8%) for the control red blood cells. None of the corresponding percentage changes from baseline was significantly different when G-6-PD deficient and control red blood cells were compared. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that G-6-PD deficient red blood cells are not at increased risk of oxidative damage from vitamin K1.  (+info)

The influence of vitamin K1 on the structure and phase behaviour of model membrane systems. (4/237)

Vitamin K1 is a component of the Photosystem I of plants which constitutes the major dietary form of vitamin K. The major function of this vitamin is to be cofactor of the microsomal gamma-glutamylcarboxylase. Recently, novel roles for this vitamin in the membrane have been postulated. To get insight into the influence of vitamin K1 on the phospholipid component of the membrane, we have studied the interaction between vitamin K1 and model membranes composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DEPE). We utilized high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry and small-angle X-ray diffraction techniques. Vitamin K1 affected the thermotropic properties of the phospholipids, broadened and shifted the transitions to lower temperatures, and produced the appearance of several peaks in the thermograms. The presence of the vitamin gave rise to the formation of vitamin-rich domains which were immiscible with the bulk phospholipid in both the gel and the liquid-crystalline phases. Vitamin K1 was unable to alter the lamellar organization of DMPC, but we found that it produced an increase in the interlamellar repeat spacing of DMPC at 10 degrees C. Interestingly, vitamin K1 promoted the formation of inverted hexagonal HII structures in the DEPE system. We discuss the possible implications that these vitamin K1-phospholipid interactions might have with respect to the biological function of the vitamin.  (+info)

Tissue phylloquinone and menaquinones in rats are affected by age and gender. (5/237)

Phylloquinone and ten menaquinones (MK-1-MK-10) were measured in liver and eight extrahepatic tissues from male and female rats at 3, 12 and 24 mo of age. Phylloquinone and menaquinones showed characteristic tissue distribution. In liver, all 11 vitamers of vitamin K assayed were present in varying concentrations with phylloquinone and MK-6 the major forms. The only forms of vitamin K found in extrahepatic tissues were phylloquinone, MK-4 and MK-6. Brain contained only MK-4 and traces of phylloquinone. No significant gender difference was observed for phylloquinone except in heart at 3 mo of age (P +info)

Comparison of phylloquinone bioavailability from food sources or a supplement in human subjects. (6/237)

Phylloquinone (K) absorption was assessed in 22- to 30-y-old human subjects consuming a standard test meal [402 kcal (1682 kJ), 27% energy from fat]. The absorption of phylloquinone, measured over a 9-h period as the area under the curve (AUC), was higher (P < 0.01) after the consumption of a 500- microgram phylloquinone tablet [27.55 +/- 10.08 nmol/(L. h), n = 8] than after the ingestion of 495 microgram phylloquinone as 150 g of raw spinach [4.79 +/- 1.11 nmol/(L. h), n = 3]. Less phylloquinone (P < 0.05) was absorbed from 50 g of spinach (AUC = 2.49 +/- 1.11 nmol/(L. h) than from 150 g of spinach. Absorption of phylloquinone from fresh spinach (165 microgram K), fresh broccoli (184 microgram K) and fresh romaine lettuce (179 microgram K) did not differ. There was no difference in phylloquinone absorption from fresh or cooked broccoli or from fresh romaine lettuce consumed with a meal containing 30 or 45% energy as fat.  (+info)

Neuroprotective effects of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in transient focal cerebral ischemia of rats. (7/237)

AIM: To explore the role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in focal cerebral ischemia with reperfusion injury. METHODS: Male Wistar rats underwent 3.5-h of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion by intraluminal suture. Infarction volume was showed with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and quantitated by image analysis system, neurologic scores were determined with a 0-5 grading scale. RESULTS: 3-Aminobenzamide (3-AB) 10 mg.kg-1 or nicotinamide (Nic) at 20 mg.kg-1 showed potent neuroprotective effects within 0-6 h, neurologic deficits were attenuated. With the increasing dose of PARP inhibitors, beneficial effects were compromised, particularly, administration of Nic 60 mg.kg-1 at the onset of reperfusion drastically accelerated brain damage. Phytomenadione, a selective inhibitor of mono (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, had little effect on infarction volume. CONCLUSION: Transient incomplete inhibition of PARP provides a neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, with a relatively wide therapeutic window, whereas severe inhibition of this enzyme, especially in reperfusion phase, is detrimental.  (+info)

Response of vitamin K status to different intakes and sources of phylloquinone-rich foods: comparison of younger and older adults. (8/237)

BACKGROUND: Phylloquinone, found in dark-green vegetables and certain plant oils, is the primary dietary source of the fat-soluble vitamin K. Limited data suggest that the relative bioavailability of phylloquinone from vegetables is lower than that from a supplement. This finding is relevant to the maintenance of optimal vitamin K status. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare, in younger and older adults, the relative bioavailability of phylloquinone from a vegetable with that of a fortified oil. DESIGN: In a crossover design with three 15-d residency periods in a metabolic unit, younger and older men and women (n = 36) consumed a mixed diet containing 100 microg phylloquinone/d. During 2 residency periods, the mixed diet was supplemented for 5 d with either broccoli (377 microg phylloquinone/d; broccoli diet) or phylloquinone-fortified oil (417 microg/d; oil diet). The relative bioavailability of phylloquinone was defined by the difference in plasma phylloquinone, percentage serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC), and urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in response to 5 d of supplementation. RESULTS: For both younger and older adults, plasma phylloquinone concentrations were higher (P < 0.001) and %ucOC values were lower (P = 0.001) after the broccoli and oil diets than after the mixed diet only. Overall, the response to broccoli supplementation was not significantly different from the response to the fortified oil in either age group. Urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid did not change in response to supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the relative bioavailability of phylloquinone, as evidenced by the lack of a significant difference in plasma phylloquinone and %ucOC between the 2 groups after either the broccoli or oil diets for younger and older adults.  (+info)

Vitamin K in hand osteoarthritis: results from a randomised clinical trial | Annals of the Rheumatic DiseasesVitamin K in hand osteoarthritis: results from a randomised clinical trial | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Objectives: Vitamin K has bone and cartilage effects, and previously shown to be associated with radiographic osteoarthritis. We evaluated vitamin Ks effect on hand osteoarthritis in a randomised controlled trial.. Methods: This was an ancillary study to a randomised controlled trial assessing the effects of phylloquinone supplementation (vitamin K arm) versus placebo on bone loss and vascular calcification among older adults regardless of their vitamin K status. At the final 3-year study visit, we assessed the effects of vitamin K versus placebo on hand x-ray features of osteoarthritis using logistic regression and intention to treat, and also restricted analysis to the subgroup that had insufficient vitamin K concentrations at baseline.. Results: This ancillary study had 378 participants (193 in vitamin K arm, 185 in placebo arm). There were no effects of randomisation to vitamin K for radiographic osteoarthritis outcomes. Those with insufficient vitamin K at baseline who attained sufficient ...
Vitamin K - Health Professional Fact SheetVitamin K - Health Professional Fact Sheet
Vitamin K, the generic name for a family of compounds with a common chemical structure of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in some foods and is available as a dietary supplement [1]. These compounds include phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and a series of menaquinones (vitamin K2) [2]. Menaquinones have unsaturated isoprenyl side chains and are designated as MK-4 through MK-13, based on the length of their side chain [1,2]. MK-4, MK-7, and MK-9 are the most well-studied menaquinones.. Phylloquinone is present primarily in green leafy vegetables and is the main dietary form of vitamin K [3]. Menaquinones, which are predominantly of bacterial origin, are present in modest amounts in various animal-based and fermented foods [1,4]. Almost all menaquinones, in particular the long-chain menaquinones, are also produced by bacteria in the human gut [5,6]. MK-4 is unique in that it is produced by the body from phylloquinone via a conversion process that does not ...
Vitamin K - Phylloquinone | Alternative MedicineVitamin K - Phylloquinone | Alternative Medicine
Vitamin K1 is technically called as Phylloquinone (other form of vitamin K is Vitamin K2 called as menaquinones ) . It is one of the fat soluble vitamins .
NUTRILO GMBH公司提供的Phylloquinone (Vitamin K) -- 食品、飲料與營養保健品NUTRILO GMBH公司提供的Phylloquinone (Vitamin K) -- 食品、飲料與營養保健品
Phylloquinone (Vitamin K) is a food grade fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin K helps blood to coagulate properly and reduces the risk of osteoporosis. It is u...
Plus itPlus it
Anatagonists of vitamin K-warfarin, phenylindanedione the 2-chloro analogue of vitamin K1, and tetrachloropyridinol-blocked prothrombin synthesis completely and without a lag period in the rat. Experiments to determine the mode of action of the antagonists indicated that they could be divided into two groups. The inhibition of prothrombin synthesis by all four antagonists was reversed by vitamin K1, but the inhibition in Sprague-Dawley rats by group I (warfarin and phenylindanedione) was not reversed by phylloquinone epoxide, beause the group I compounds inhibited the conversion of [3H] phylloquinone epoxide to the active vitamin, [3H]vitamin K1, and caused the accumulation of [3H] phylloquinone epoxide in rats that had received injections of the tritiated vitamin. It is proposed that group I compounds were ineffective in blocking prothrombin synthesis in warfarin-resistant rats because in these animals the conversion from epoxide to K1 is not as sensitive as in normal animals. Consequently the ...
Vitamin K status in healthy volunteers.Vitamin K status in healthy volunteers.
Abstract Vitamin Ks recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is based on the hepatic requirement for clotting factor synthesis, but substantial concentrations of undercarboxylated extr..
A Childs Vitamin K Status & Implications on Bone HealthA Child's Vitamin K Status & Implications on Bone Health
Vitamin K was linked to improved bone health in both healthy children and sufferers of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, according to a study.
Vitamin K-2 by ProHealth (Vitamin K2 100Mcg Supplement) - ProHealth.comVitamin K-2 by ProHealth (Vitamin K2 100Mcg Supplement) - ProHealth.com
Promote your overall health with the most biologically active form of vitamin K supplement. Even if you take a calcium supplement, your body may not be able to take advantage of its benefits. Recent research has found that vitamin K-2 supplement is a
Vitamin K-2 by ProHealth (Vitamin K2 100Mcg Supplement) - ProHealth.comVitamin K-2 by ProHealth (Vitamin K2 100Mcg Supplement) - ProHealth.com
Promote your overall health with the most biologically active form of vitamin K supplement. Even if you take a calcium supplement, your body may not be able to take advantage of its benefits. Recent research has found that vitamin K-2 supplement is a
Vitamin K-absorption From Dairy - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govVitamin K-absorption From Dairy - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Lactic acid bacteria produce a mixture of higher menaquinones, including menaquinone-9 (MK-9) and menaquinone-10 (MK-10). Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is normally present in chloroplasts in green vegetables. A new dairy product is developed containing both vitamin K1 and K2-vitamins. However, the extent to which the various forms of vitamin K are absorbed from such a mixture is not known. In this study the absorption profile of phylloquinone and menaquinones from this new dairy product containing several K-vitamins is investigated. This study describes a dietary intervention experiment for one single cocktail containing several K-vitamins as part of a dairy product ...
Country Life (Biochem) - Vitamin K-1 100 mcg 100 Tablets - Save 28%Country Life (Biochem) - Vitamin K-1 100 mcg 100 Tablets - Save 28%
Save 28% Country Life (Biochem) - Vitamin K-1 100 mcg 100 Tablets Vitamin K 100mcg Certified Gluten-Free Supports Bone Health* K1 Naturally Found in Food Dark leafy vegetables contain phytonadione, a form of vitamin K. This form of vitamin K is essential and used in the body to support bone and blood health.* Vegan.
Now Foods Vitamin K-2 (MK7) Veg Capsules, 100 mcg, 60 Count - Lifestyle UpdatedNow Foods Vitamin K-2 (MK7) Veg Capsules, 100 mcg, 60 Count - Lifestyle Updated
NOW Foods MK-7 vitamin K2 contains a highly biologically active form of vitamin k2 derived from non-GMO natto Vitamin K2 and its dependent proteins have been discovered to be of vital importance for bone and vascular health These vitamin k2-dependent proteins are now known to play pivotal roles in the physiology of bone mineralization
Vitamin K1 Reduces Risk of Type 2 by 50 PercentVitamin K1 Reduces Risk of Type 2 by 50 Percent
Adding foods or supplements rich in vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) may help protect against type 2 diabetes.... The study found that high intake of the vitamin
Product information, instructions, health benefits, and usage for Vitamin K-2Product information, instructions, health benefits, and usage for Vitamin K-2
Vitamin K-2 list and information including what is Vitamin K-2, health benefits and usage indications. Find articles and product list for other top low-carb products, fat-burners, nutrition bars and shakes.
Side Effects of Vitamin K-2 | Livestrong.comSide Effects of Vitamin K-2 | Livestrong.com
Vitamin K-2 shares many of the same vital roles as vitamin K-1. They both stop bleeding by making your blood clot, and both contribute to bone and cardiovascular health.
KEGG PATHWAY: pms00130KEGG PATHWAY: pms00130
Ubiquinone (UQ), also called coenzyme Q, and plastoquinone (PQ) are electron carriers in oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis, respectively. The quinoid nucleus of ubiquinone is derived from the shikimate pathway; 4-hydroxybenzoate is directly formed from chorismate in bacteria, while it can be formed from either chorismate or tyrosine in yeast. The following biosynthesis of terpenoid moiety involves reactions of prenylation, decarboxylation, and three hydroxylations alternating with three methylations. The order of these reactions are somewhat different between bacteria and yeast. Phylloquinone (vitamin K1), menaquinone (vitamin K2), and tocopherol (vitamin E) are fat-soluble vitamins. Phylloquinone is a compound present in all photosynthetic plants serving as a cofactor for photosystem I-mediated electron transport. Menaquinone is an obligatory component of the electron-transfer pathway in bacteria ...
KEGG PATHWAY: tps00130KEGG PATHWAY: tps00130
Ubiquinone (UQ), also called coenzyme Q, and plastoquinone (PQ) are electron carriers in oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis, respectively. The quinoid nucleus of ubiquinone is derived from the shikimate pathway; 4-hydroxybenzoate is directly formed from chorismate in bacteria, while it can be formed from either chorismate or tyrosine in yeast. The following biosynthesis of terpenoid moiety involves reactions of prenylation, decarboxylation, and three hydroxylations alternating with three methylations. The order of these reactions are somewhat different between bacteria and yeast. Phylloquinone (vitamin K1), menaquinone (vitamin K2), and tocopherol (vitamin E) are fat-soluble vitamins. Phylloquinone is a compound present in all photosynthetic plants serving as a cofactor for photosystem I-mediated electron transport. Menaquinone is an obligatory component of the electron-transfer pathway in bacteria ...
VITAMIN KVITAMIN K
Ill take vitamin pills." Kenny said to the good doctor.. "Well, thats an idea, " said Dr. Wise." Certainly if you are unable to get good, whole food you should take vitamin pills but I recommend you get your vitamins from food. Our bodies respond better to nutrients like vitamins and minerals if they come in food. They tend to work better when they are delivered naturally. Natural foods carry vitamins, minerals and other nutrients that work together as a team to make us healthy.". "Oh," said Kenny thoughtfully.. "Ill tell you what, Ill set you up with a dietician who can give you some good ideas about how to get more vitamins and minerals into your diet, o.k.". "I guess. o.k.". A couple of months later Kennys nose bleeds and excess bruising had stopped. The recipes he received from the dietician had not only helped him with the lack of Vitamin K but had also introduced him to a whole new world of really great tasting food and a much healthier body.. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE DONT GET ENOUGH ...
Publications • AG Bittl • Department of PhysicsPublications • AG Bittl • Department of Physics
Insertional Inactivation of the menG Gene, Encoding 2-Phytyl-1,4-Naphthoquinone Methyltransferase of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Results in the Incorporation of 2-Phytyl-1,4-Naphthoquinone into the A1 Site and Alteration of the Equilibrium Constant between A1 and FX in Photosystem I ...
Vitamin KVitamin K
...         Vitamin K (K from Koagulation in German) denotes a group of lipophilic, and hydrophobic, vitamins that are needed for
Vitamin K-2 90 mcgVitamin K-2 90 mcg
|p||strong| |/strong||/p| |p|No matter what age you are, its important that you’re always looking out for the health of your bones and heart. After all, your bones and heart are two very essential components to living.|/p| |p|Because osteopen
ALS by Tiffany K on PreziALS by Tiffany K on Prezi
Do you really want to delete this prezi? Neither you, nor the coeditors you shared it with will be able to recover it again. DeleteCancel ...
Pure Encapsulations - Nutrient 950 with Vitamin K & Metafolin L-5-MTHF - 180Pure Encapsulations - Nutrient 950 with Vitamin K & Metafolin L-5-MTHF - 180
Nutrient 950 with Vitamin K Multivitamin/mineral formula with vitamin K and 1,000 i.u. vitamin D This formula provides our Nutrient 950 without iron formula, enhanced with vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. Vitamin K1, phylloquinone, is the most common form of vitamin K and is found in plants and green vegetables. This formula also provides the most active and bioavailable forms of vitamin K2, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and menaquinone-4 (MK-4). Studies indicate that vitamin K1 and MK-4 are primarily concentrated in the liver, while MK-7 concentrates in extra-hepatic tissues. Vitamin K2 encourages osteocalcin to bind to calcium and promote healthy bone mineralization. Vitamin K2, as MK-7, is especially important for maintaining healthy arterial calcium metabolism, supporting healthy vascular elasticity. Recent studies indicate that vitamin D also potentiates the activity of vitamin K, providing synergistic support for bone health and blood vessel function. This formula provides 1,000 i.u. vitamin D.
Vitamin KVitamin K
... , a fat-soluble vitamin, is absorbed in the presence of bile, pancreatic juices, and is enhanced by dietary fat. Once absorbed, vitamin K is transported by chylomicrons which are microscopic lipid particles that transport fat-soluble components through the lymph. Vitamin K is moderately stable to heat, but unstable to light, acid, and alkali conditions. Vitamin K is found in nature in two forms㰥, also called phylloquinone, is found in plants; and vitamin K2, also called menaquinone, which can be synthesized by many bacteria. Vitamin K3, menadione, is a synthetic form of vitamin K which is manmade. Vitamin K, a group of three related substances, is the last of the fat-soluble vitamins, completing the family that also includes vitamins A, D, E, and F. This nutrient, both found in nature and made in the body, helps phylloquinone, the natural vitamin K found in alfalfa and other foods.It was discovered in Denmark and labeled vitamin K for the Danish word Koagulation. Food-source ...
Is Vitamin K An Antioxidant - gabrieldroberts.comIs Vitamin K An Antioxidant - gabrieldroberts.com
Vitamin K is mostly known for clotting blood. Other vitamins, such as vitamins A, C and E receive recognition for acting as antioxidants and serving multiple purposes. Without enough vitamin K, you could bleed to death over a simple cut. Vitamin K helps reduce the risk of bleeding from various illnesses such as liver disease, long-term use of antibiotics, and malabsorption syndromes. Vitamin K helps your bones use calcium, which can help prevent certain conditions such as osteoporosis.. Vitamin K may help keep blood pressure lower by preventing mineralization, where minerals build up in the arteries. This enables the heart to pump blood freely through the body.. Mineralization naturally occurs with age, and it is a major risk factor for heart disease. Adequate intake of vitamin K has also been shown to lower the risk of stroke.. A new 2014 study on vitamin K confirms that ample vitamin K intake can indeed help you live longer.2 In a group of more than 7,000 people at high risk for cardiovascular ...
Increased Vitamin K Consumption May Slow Progression of Insulin Resistance and Lower Diabetes Risk | EmediaHealthIncreased Vitamin K Consumption May Slow Progression of Insulin Resistance and Lower Diabetes Risk | EmediaHealth
Increasing vitamin K intake by diet and supplements is safe for most people. The main exception is those taking dangerous vitamin K antagonist drugs such as warfarin for controlling their coagulation. These drugs interfere with the action of vitamin K in the body, thus slowing blood clotting but also unfortunately damaging bone maintenance and vitamin K protective functions in the brain and likely other organs such as the pancreas and the salivary glands. K2 function in the salivary glands is particularly interesting as it appears to be connected to remineralization processes that allow saliva to repair weak or damaged tooth surfaces. This is thought to explain why dentist Weston Price observed that populations that have diets poor in vitamin K (particularly the at-the-time unknown vitamin K2 which he called "Activator X") tend to have more dental cavities.. For the most part, mainstream diet and nutrition discussion focuses almost exclusively on vitamin K1 that you find primarily in plant based ...
Health Effects of Vitamins: Vitamin K and Bone mineral densityHealth Effects of Vitamins: Vitamin K and Bone mineral density
In the study of " Vitamin K, circulating cytokines, and bone mineral density in older men and women" by Shea MK, Dallal GE, Dawson-Hughes B, Ordovas JM, ODonnell CJ, Gundberg CM, Peterson JW, Booth SL., posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, found that Poor vitamin K status was associated with high concentrations of cytokines involved in bone turnover, but vitamin K supplementation did not confer a decrease in cytokine concentrations. The healthy status of this cohort may explain a lack of effect of vitamin K supplementation on cytokine concentrations ...
Possible Interactions with: Vitamin K | University of Maryland Medical CenterPossible Interactions with: Vitamin K | University of Maryland Medical Center
Phenytoin (Dilantin) -- Phenytoin interferes with the bodys ability to use vitamin K. Taking anticonvulsants (such as phenytoin) during pregnancy or while breastfeeding may deplete vitamin K in newborns.. Warfarin (Coumadin) -- Vitamin K reduces the effects of the blood-thinning medication warfarin, rendering the medication ineffective. Vitamin K should not be taken while taking warfarin, and foods containing high amounts of vitamin K should be avoided.. Orlistat (Xenical, alli) and Olestra -- Orlistat, a medication used for weight loss, and olestra, a substance added to certain food products, prevent the absorption of fat and can reduce the bodys absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. The Food and Drug Administration now requires that vitamin K and other fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) be added to food products containing olestra. In addition, physicians who prescribe orlistat add a multivitamin with fat soluble vitamins to the regimen.. The fact that vitamin K is now added to ...
Body mass index and insulin resistance in healthy adults: Associations with plasma osteocalcin, phylloquinone levels, and...Body mass index and insulin resistance in healthy adults: Associations with plasma osteocalcin, phylloquinone levels, and...
The skeletal system is considered an endocrine organ today. Associations between bone Gla proteins, body mass index and insulin resistance are intriguing novel field due to being possible explanations for the interactions between bone and endocrine system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between insulin resistance and body mass index (BMI) with plasma osteocalcin, phylloquinone levels and dietary vitamin K intakes in healthy non-obese adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 77 healthy non-obese adults. Anthropometric measurements and 24-hour food consumption record were taken from each individual. Blood glucose, insulin, osteocalcin (OC), undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), vitamin K levels were analyzed. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was calculated. Multiple linear regression models were performed using the backward method in order to determine the significant predictors of BMI and HOMA-IR. Mean age and ...
A Measure of the Amount of Vitamin K Leached Out from Cooked Greens in by Douglas Anderson, Kara Bobka et al."A Measure of the Amount of Vitamin K Leached Out from Cooked Greens in" by Douglas Anderson, Kara Bobka et al.
Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin synthesized by plants, is found in large quantities within green leafy vegetables, such as collard, mustard, turnip and spinach. These greens are commonly cooked with fat to enhance flavor. The vitamin K in these greens can leach out during cooking into the liquid portion of the pot, which is referred to as potlicker. Vitamin K activates clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X,), which can lead to the formation of a thromboembolism (blood clot). People at a higher risk of forming blood clots are often prescribed warfarin, an anti-coagulant that acts as a competitive inhibitor of vitamin K. Due to its content of vitamin K, the consumption of potlicker can potentially cause interactions on the anti-coagulant drug warfarin, and thereby counteract the drugs effect. This study seeks to determine if the amount of vitamin K leached from cooked greens into potlicker is dependent upon the amount of fat in the cooking solution and if the amount of vitamin K leached depends upon the
Skipping The Vitamin K Shot After Birth - All About Babys WorldSkipping The Vitamin K Shot After Birth - All About Baby's World
Once your baby is born the doctors and nurses will want to give your newborn a shot of vitamin K. This is done to prevent Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn. This effects the bloods ability to clot and can lead to internal bleeding. While this is a rare disease with only 0.25 percent to 1.7 percent of infants being effected, the standard protocol is to inject every newborn baby with vitamin K.. The vitamin K shot contains 20,000 times the needed dose for an infant. Why are we injecting a newborn with 20,000 times the amount they need?! This seems insane to me! While the vitamin K injection is helpful in certain circumstances, it is not needed for every. single. newborn. When my first baby was born, via c section, we initially declined the vitamin K shot. She did have bruising around her umbilical cord and because of this we decided to give her the vitamin K shot when she was a day old. In case there was internal bleeding, the vitamin K shot would help her blood to clot. Our second child had no ...
Vitamin K2 - WikipediaVitamin K2 - Wikipedia
Vitamin K2 or menaquinone (/ˌmɛnəˈkwɪnoʊn/) has nine related compounds, generally subdivided into the short-chain menaquinones (with MK-4 as the most important member) and the long-chain menaquinones, of which MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9 are nutritionally the most recognized. Vitamin K2, the main storage form in animals, has several subtypes, which differ in isoprenoid chain length. These vitamin K2 homologues are called menaquinones, and are characterized by the number of isoprenoid residues in their side chains. Menaquinones are abbreviated MK-n, where M stands for menaquinone, the K stands for vitamin K, and the n represents the number of isoprenoid side chain residues. For example, menaquinone-4 (abbreviated MK-4) has four isoprene residues in its side chain. Menaquinone-4 (also known as menatetrenone from its four isoprene residues) is the most common type of vitamin K2 in animal products since MK-4 is normally synthesized from vitamin K1 in certain animal tissues (arterial walls, pancreas, ...
Low vitamin K linked to heart disease deaths: Dutch dataLow vitamin K linked to heart disease deaths: Dutch data
Vitamin K (specifically the MK-7 form of vitamin K2) is a critical co-factor for converting inactive uc-MGP into its active form, which inhibits calcification of arteries and other soft tissues, the researchers explained.. The recognition of functional vitamin K insufficiency in relation to calcification and resultant CV disease has been held back by a lack of distinction by many Western health authorities between vitamin K1 and K2, suggest the researchers. Thus, at public health level, insufficient recognition may be given to the increasing body of evidence for bone and heart health benefits of K2. Additionally, recommended vitamin K intake is often based purely on K1 and therefore may be sub-optimal for other functions such as bone health and prevention of calcification, they explain.. In the UK, NHS Choices​ makes no distinction between the two forms of vitamin K (let alone K2 subtypes), but describes blood clotting as the vitamins primary function. (Coagulation properties are widely ...
Vitamin K - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasVitamin K - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Peneliti di Tufts menemukan bahwa vitamin K, khususnya K1, dapat mengurangi risiko resistensi insulin sehingga membantu melawan diabetes.[4] Penemuan ini diterbitkan dalam Diabetes Care.[4] Selain itu, vitamin ini juga membantu metabolisme di dalam tubuh terkait dengan resistensi senyawa insulin.[4] Di dalam tubuh, vitamin K juga dapat menekan proses pendarahan di hati yang seringkali muncul akibat pemakaian senyawa aspirin atau antibiotik secara berlebihan.[5] Melalui mekanisme yang sama, vitamin K dapat memperlambat proses pembentukan sel kanker di hati dan paru-paru.[5] Penelitian lain juga membuktikan bahwa selain diabetes, vitamin K juga dapat meningkatkan kepadatan tulang sehingga terbentuk struktur rangka tubuh yang kuat.[6] Khususnya pada wanita, vitamin K juga dapat menurunkan risiko terkena osteoporosis.[7] Di dalam tulang, vitamin K ini akan membantu senyawa osteokalsin yang berperan dalam penyerapan mineral untuk membentuk stuktur tulang yang kuat.[7] Osteoklasin sendiri diproduksi ...
VITAMIN K2 liquid - IHBStoreVITAMIN K2 liquid - IHBStore
Concentrated vitamin K2 in a convenient liquid form Product Information Vitamin K2 exerts a more powerful influence on bone than does vitamin K1.* Vitamin K2 is a series of molecules known as menaquinones. The most common and well studied of the menaquinones is MK-4. Thornes vitamin K2 is MK-4.Vitamin K2 appears to of
The Roles of Vitamin K in the Body: Forming Blood Clots, Building BoneThe Roles of Vitamin K in the Body: Forming Blood Clots, Building Bone
Aids blood clot formation - Vitamin Ks name provides us with a clue as to its main biological function: The "K" in "vitamin K" is derived from the German word "koagulation," from which we get the world "coagulation." Yes, vitamin K is a compound that helps at least 12 proteins in our blood to coagulate by binding themselves to calcium ions, an extremely complex process that helps prevent excessive bleeding when our skin gets damaged. Consequently, having enough vitamin K in our systems can guard us from a host of conditions associated with thin blood such as nosebleeds, easy bruising, heavy menstrual bleeding, blood in the stools or urine, and bleeding gums. Moreover, vitamin K also plays a role in preventing blood clotting when it is inappropriate or dangerous, such as the clotting of blood inside arteries - a leading cause of coronary heart disease.. Maintains bone health - Vitamin K helps to activate osteocalcin, a protein that is needed for the mineralization of bone (a process whereby ...
Vitamin K protects bones and lowers risk for heart disease - Nutrition Express ArticlesVitamin K protects bones and lowers risk for heart disease - Nutrition Express Articles
Vitamin K reduced bone fractures, protected bone health and lowered risk for heart disease, in three new studies. In a review of bone-fracture studies published between 1945 and 2005, researchers reporting in the Archives of Internal Medicine identified seven randomized controlled trials where participants had taken vitamin K2 supplements for more than six months. Researchers combined the data and found that compared to placebo, those who had taken vitamin K2 were 60% less likely to fracture the spine, 77% less likely to fracture the hip and 81% less likely to have any type of non-spinal fracture. The scientists also noted that all but one of 13 vitamin K clinical trials, including the seven fracture studies, found that those who had taken vitamins K1 and K2 had less bone loss compared to placebo.. "As blood-plasma levels of vitamin K1 decreased, the spaces between joints decreased." In an osteoarthritis study, researchers analyzed 314 men and 358 women with an average age of 65.6, who were in ...
China Factory Direct Selling Vitamin K1 1% with ISO - China Vitamin K1 Powder 1%, Vitamin K1 Powder 1% for FeedChina Factory Direct Selling Vitamin K1 1% with ISO - China Vitamin K1 Powder 1%, Vitamin K1 Powder 1% for Feed
China Factory Direct Selling Vitamin K1 1% with ISO, Find details about China Vitamin K1 Powder 1%, Vitamin K1 Powder 1% for Feed from Factory Direct Selling Vitamin K1 1% with ISO - Shandong Chuangji Imp. and Exp. Co., Ltd.
The effect of acute exercise on undercarboxylated osteocalcin in obese men | SpringerLinkThe effect of acute exercise on undercarboxylated osteocalcin in obese men | SpringerLink
The purpose of this study was to examine if the reduction in glucose post-exercise is mediated by undercarboxylated osteocalcin (unOC). Obese men were randomly assigned to do aerobic or power exercise
Vitamin K2 & CoQ10: Important Heart Health Nutrients - K2 VitaminVitamin K2 & CoQ10: Important Heart Health Nutrients - K2 Vitamin
Affect on Heart Health: The body produces Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), a K-dependent protein that is the most potent natural inhibitor of calcification known today.1 But in order to perform this function, MGP needs to be activated. When the body has adequate Vitamin K2 (specifically as menaquinone-7, or MK-7, as it is the most biologically active and available form of Vitamin K2), MGP repels calcium from depositing in the arteries and blood vessels, returning it to the bloodstream so it can be utilized by other systems, such as building strong, dense bones.. A 3-year study (using a specific brand of Vitamin K2 as MK-7) on 244 healthy postmenopausal women provided a breakthrough demonstration of Vitamin K2s affect to heart health. The group was randomly assigned to take a nutritional dose (180 mcg) of Vitamin K2 as MK-7 daily for 3 years, or placebo capsules. After three years of treatment, the Stiffness Index ß in the MK-7 group had decreased significantly after compared to the slight increase in ...
Antidotes in Depth (A16): Vitamin K1 | Goldfranks Toxicologic Emergencies, 9e | AccessEmergency Medicine | McGraw-Hill MedicalAntidotes in Depth (A16): Vitamin K1 | Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 9e | AccessEmergency Medicine | McGraw-Hill Medical
phylloquinone for adults, although 10 times that amount is required for infants to maintain normal hemostasis.29 Extrahepatic enzymatic reactions that are vitamin K dependent relate to carboxylation of proteins in the bone, kidney, placenta, lung, pancreas, and spleen, and include the synthesis of osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein, plaque Gla protein, and one or more renal Gla proteins.29,30,34 Variations in an individuals dietary vitamin K intake while receiving therapeutic oral anticoagulation can significantly result in either over- or under-anticoagulation.1,13 ...
DC Practice Blog: Vitamin K in Bone HealthDC Practice Blog: Vitamin K in Bone Health
Giving vitamin K1 at 200 ug and 5000 ug per day appeared to have a positive effect on bone (1,2). Subjects treated with 200 ug showed a continuous significant increase in BMD over 6 months at the ultradistal radius. Fracture incidence was lower with a 5000 ug vitamin K1 treatment despite no effect on bone density. Vitamin Ks effect may have been on bone microarchitecture. However, since very few subjects had fractures, the observed difference in fracture rate may have occurred by chance. In a third study (3) where vitamin D status was not assessed, 1000 ug of vitamin K1 had no effect on BMD. Finally in a fourth study (4), 500 ug vitamin K1 had no effect on BMD. Larger trials including a range of K1 doses. with fracture as an endpoint and side effect monitoring, are needed ...
DC Practice Blog: Vitamin K in Bone HealthDC Practice Blog: Vitamin K in Bone Health
Giving vitamin K1 at 200 ug and 5000 ug per day appeared to have a positive effect on bone (1,2). Subjects treated with 200 ug showed a continuous significant increase in BMD over 6 months at the ultradistal radius. Fracture incidence was lower with a 5000 ug vitamin K1 treatment despite no effect on bone density. Vitamin Ks effect may have been on bone microarchitecture. However, since very few subjects had fractures, the observed difference in fracture rate may have occurred by chance. In a third study (3) where vitamin D status was not assessed, 1000 ug of vitamin K1 had no effect on BMD. Finally in a fourth study (4), 500 ug vitamin K1 had no effect on BMD. Larger trials including a range of K1 doses. with fracture as an endpoint and side effect monitoring, are needed ...
The Relationship between Serum Osteocalcin Concentration and Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes MellitusThe Relationship between Serum Osteocalcin Concentration and Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
To study the correlations between serum osteocalcin and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, 66 cases were collected to determine total osteocalcin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and HbA1c. Osteocalcin concentrations were compared between groups of different levels of HbA1c, and parameters of glucose metabolism were compared between groups of different levels of total osteocalcin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin. The relationship between osteocalcin and parameters of glucose metabolism was also analyzed. We found that the total osteocalcin concentration of high-HbA1c group was significantly lower than that of low-HbA1c group. The fasting blood glucose of low-total-osteocalcin group was significantly higher than that of high-total-osteocalcin group in male participants, while the fasting blood glucose of low-undercarboxylated-osteocalcin group was significantly higher than that of high-undercarboxylated-osteocalcin group in all participants and in
Letter by Lai and Chan Regarding Article, Bleeding Risk in Very Old Patients on Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment: Results of a...Letter by Lai and Chan Regarding Article, "Bleeding Risk in Very Old Patients on Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment: Results of a...
To the Editor:. We read with interest the article by Poli et al1 regarding their recent study, from which the authors concluded that the observed rate of major bleeding in patients who began vitamin K antagonist at ≥80 years of age was acceptably low and that age in itself should not be considered a contraindication to vitamin K antagonist treatment. The authors modeled hemorrhagic risk using a competing-risk regression analysis, according to Fine and Gray,2 and considered nonhemorrhagic death as a competing risk. The authors also pointed out that the rate of bleeding incidents was higher among patients taking vitamin K antagonist for venous thromboembolism than among those taking vitamin K antagonist for atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.8). However, as revealed by the only Figure in the article, the 2 cumulative incidence curves interlaced for most of the follow-up period but diverged after about 4000 days of follow-up. In our opinion, it seems likely that ...
Health and Fitness Den: Function and Benefits of Vitamin KHealth and Fitness Den: Function and Benefits of Vitamin K
Function and health benefits of Vitamin K explained, including K1 and K2. Vitamin K helps with coagulation of blood and more. See natural sources of Vitamin K and Vitamin K deficiencies. Buy Vitamin K capsules at discounted low price.
Vitamin K Help - BabyCenterVitamin K Help - BabyCenter
Im 37 weeks with DS2 and Im getting a little nervous about the vitamin k shot. I will be delivering with a midwife team in a hospital setting, and when I told them that we had already purchased Vitamin K drops for the newborn, they stated that the pediatricians at the hospital would prefer that we use the vitamin k drops out of their pharmacy. They said that the vitamin k drops from the hospital are exactly the same as the injection, too, which I find hard to believe. What do you think? I read somewhere a while ago that there are egg ingredients and another ingredient that may be linked to peanut allergies in the vitamin k shot. However, I cant find this information on a package insert online. Does this sound familiar to anyone else? Ive been wondering if perhaps this is why DS1 is allergic to these things. Id love any advice and information you guys have. Thanks so much for always be supportive!
High Vitamin K2 Intake Reduces the Incidence of Heart Disease - Natural Care SolutionHigh Vitamin K2 Intake Reduces the Incidence of Heart Disease - Natural Care Solution
A study group of 16,057 heart disease free women were followed for approximately 8 years. At the end of the study 480 women had coronary heart disease.. Researchers found higher dietary vitamin K2 intake reduced the risk of coronary heart disease. Each 10 mcg/day of vitamin K2 decreased the risk of CHD by 9%. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) intake was not associated with CHD ...
Vitamin K | University of Maryland Medical CenterVitamin K | University of Maryland Medical Center
Booth SL, Al Rajabi A. Determinants of vitamin K status in humans. Vitam Horm. 2008;78:1-22.. Borrelli F, Ernst E. Alternative and complementary therapies for the menopause. Maturitas. 2010 Aug;66(4):333-43. Review.. Breen GA, St. Peter WL. Hypoprothrombinemia associated with cefmetazole. Ann Pharmacother. 1997;31(2):180-184.. Bugel S. Vitamin K and bone health in adult humans. Vitam Horm. 2008;78:393-416.. Crowther MA, Julian J, McCarty D, et al. Treatment of warfarin-associated coagulopathy with oral vitamin K: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2000;356(9241):1551-1553.. Dennehy C, Tsourounis C. A review of select vitamins and minerals used by postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2010 Aug;66(4):370-80. Review.. Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Medicine, 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier. 2007;181.. Kitchin B, Morgan SL. Not just calcium and vitamin D: other nutritional considerations in osteoporosis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007 Apr;9(1):85-92. Review.. McCormick RK. Osteoporosis: ...
Vitamin K2, but not K1, effective for heart health benefits: StudyVitamin K2, but not K1, effective for heart health benefits: Study
Dietary intakes were assessed using food frequency questions (FFQs), and participants were followed for over eight years. At the end of the study, the researchers observed an association between a higher consumption of natural vitamin K2, particularly menaquinone-7, -8, and -9 and a significantly reduced prevalence of CHD.. Consumption of vitamin K1 had no effect on vascular health, said the researchers.. The reason behind the different effects of K1 and K2 may be due to the different distribution of each in the body, said the researchers. K1 is primarily taken-up by the liver and then cleared from circulation, while K2 is the major form of vitamin K transported also to extra-hepatic tissues, such as vessel wall and bones-tissue.. "Of the subtypes of vitamin K2, it appeared that particularly MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9 affected the risk of CHD," ​said the researchers. "A stronger effect of the longer subtypes could be due to a slower hepatic clearance of these subtypes, making them longer available ...
MK-7 Vitamin K2 90 mcg 60 Softgels | Vitamin K Supplements Supplements | Puritans PrideMK-7 Vitamin K2 90 mcg 60 Softgels | Vitamin K Supplements Supplements | Puritan's Pride
Buy MK-7 Vitamin K2 90 mcg 60 Softgels & other Vitamin K Supplements Supplements. MK-7 is made via fermentation by Bacillus subtilus natto. MK-7 (Menaquinone-7) is an enhanced bioactive form of vitamin K2 from Natto.
Jack Norris RD» Blog Archive » Vitamin K2 and DiabetesJack Norris RD» Blog Archive » Vitamin K2 and Diabetes
In doing my final search for studies on vitamin K2 and cardiovascular disease (CVD), I came across one on type 2 diabetes (1). Since diabetes can be fairly related to CVD, I decided to review it.. As with most of the studies on vitamin K2, the population was from The Netherlands. And just like the research on stroke, it was using the combined data from the Prospect and MORGEN arms of EPIC. After excluding people with prevalent diabetes at baseline, they had a study population of 38,094 men and women. The average daily intake of vitamin K2 was 49 µg in the highest one-fourth versus 15 µg in the lowest one-fourth.. After a median follow-up of 10.3 years, and adjusting for many variables (2), in comparing the highest intakes to the lowest, there was a trend towards a lower risk of diabetes, although the finding was not statistically significant (.80, .62-1.02). When looking at what effect an increase of 10 µg had on the risk of diabetes over the entire range of intakes, there was a borderline ...
Vitamin K2 Intervention in Patients With Vitamin K Antagonists - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govVitamin K2 Intervention in Patients With Vitamin K Antagonists - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The objective of the SAFE K study is to demonstrate that in patients treated with the antagonists of vitamin K (VKA), a daily intake of vitamin K2 (75 micrograms/day) as naturally produced by the ferments used in fermented dairy products, does not upset the balance of anticoagulant treatment.Fifty-two patients will be chosen to receive either verum or placebo for four months after a 4-month run-in period.In addition, the study evaluates if regular consumption of vitamin K2 reduce the need of changing the dose of anticoagulation treatment and improve the markers of bone mineralisation ...
Vitamin K2Vitamin K2
... : Putting Calcium Where It Belongs Vitamin K2 provides major protection from osteoporosis, cardiovascular blockages and pathological calcification. Vitamin Ks job is to put calcium in the right places and keep it from being deposited in the wrong places. The right places are bones and blood, and the wrong places include calcification of the vessels, bone spurs and calcification of soft tissues. Vitamin K: Its Relationship to the Optimal Tissue Distribution and Function of Calcium It has been shown that calcium has a ubiquitous role in health, impacting on essentially all the Syndrome X conditions and diseases, which include obesity, blood pressure disorders, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and malfunctioning of cell signaling. Calcification of the arteries is a major known consequence of aging, as is the calcification of soft tissues and the accumulation of calcium intracellularly (within the cells). Optimum calcium nutrition depends on the interplay of a number of related ...
Are tomatoes high in vitamin k - Things You Didnt KnowAre tomatoes high in vitamin k - Things You Didn't Know
Are tomatoes high in vitamin k - What foods are high in vitamin k? Green Leafy Vegetables. The best way to get the daily requirement of vitamin K is by eating food sources. Vitamin K is found in the Green leafy vegetables, such as kale, spinach, turnip greens, collards, Swiss chard, mustard greens, parsley, romaine, and green leaf lettuce Vegetables such as Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage Fish, liver, meat, eggs, and cereals (contain smaller amounts)
Labor of Love Doula Services and Childbirth Education: Deciding about Giving Vitamin K to Your Newborn?Labor of Love Doula Services and Childbirth Education: Deciding about Giving Vitamin K to Your Newborn?
This is a topic most parents dont even know they should be making a decision about. Instead it simply happens as part of the routine procedures birthing moms and their newborns are subjected to within a hospital setting. Over the years some of my clients have opted out of doing Vitamin K in any form. When I first became involved in the birth community the home birth midwives were not giving Vitamin K at all. Now most of these same midwives have begun giving oral Vitamin K. Conversely to ask that your newborn not receive Vitamin K injection within the first moments of life created quite a stir in our local hospitals when I started going to births. It had to be OKd by the pediatrician with the parents signing an "against medical advice form." These days our local nurses feel comfortable with delaying the injection for close to 2 hours and will not try too hard to dissuade you if you are refusing it out right. You need to talk this over thoroughly with your midwife or OB and pediatrician ahead of ...
Vitamin K2 Capsules: Buy Vitamin K2 200 mcg - VitaminExpressVitamin K2 Capsules: Buy Vitamin K2 200 mcg - VitaminExpress
Buy Vitamin K2 200 mcg Vitamin K2 Capsules from VitaminExpress and save. Guaranteed Quality. Fast Delivery. More info about Vitamin K2 200 mcg.
OsteoPrime® PLUS / 120 tabs - Natures Way®.OsteoPrime® PLUS / 120 tabs - Nature's Way®.
OsteoPrime® Plus contains MenaQ7™, an exclusive, patented, highly bioavailable form of Vitamin K2. Research has shown that it enhances calcium absorption and bone building function.* In fact, one study compared the bioavailability and absorption rates between vitamin K2 and vitamin K1. For six weeks participants received either vitamin K1 or vitamin K2 (as menaquinon-7). Researchers then compared the levels of blood levels of vitamin K in both groups. They found that the participants who took natural vitamin K2 had much higher blood levels of vitamin K compared those receiving vitamin K1.* OsteoPrime® Plus provides a balanced combination of important nutrients to support arterial health and maintain healthy bones ...
Inactive Matrix Gla Protein, Arterial Stiffness, and Endothelial Function in African American Hemodialysis Patients<...Inactive Matrix Gla Protein, Arterial Stiffness, and Endothelial Function in African American Hemodialysis Patients<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Inactive Matrix Gla Protein, Arterial Stiffness, and Endothelial Function in African American Hemodialysis Patients. AU - Fain, Mary Ellen. AU - Kapuku, Gaston K.. AU - Paulson, William D.. AU - Williams, Celestine F.. AU - Raed, Anas. AU - Dong, Yanbin. AU - Knapen, Marjo H.J.. AU - Vermeer, Cees. AU - Pollock, Norman K.. PY - 2018/5/7. Y1 - 2018/5/7. N2 - BACKGROUND: Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a vascular calcification inhibitor dependent upon vitamin K for activation. Evidence suggests that elevated plasma inactive MGP levels (desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP, dp-ucMGP; indicating poorer vascular vitamin K status) are associated with greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Despite African Americans experiencing highest rates of kidney failure and CVD events, relationships between dp-ucMGP and CVD risk markers have not been examined in this population. We investigated vascular vitamin K status (via plasma dp-ucMGP) between African American hemodialysis (HD) patients and healthy ...
Sequence Variation in Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Gene Is Associated With Survival and Progressive Coronary Calcification in...Sequence Variation in Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Gene Is Associated With Survival and Progressive Coronary Calcification in...
Approach and Results-This study is an observational, prospective study of 167 individuals with stages 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease. Survival ≤4 years was assessed in all participants, and CAC progression was measured in a subset of 86 patients. Participants with the CG/GG genotype of VKORC1 had higher baseline CAC scores (median score, 112 versus 299; P=0.036). Of those 86 patients who had a 4-year CAC score, those with the CG/GG genotype had an increased risk of progressive CAC (adjusted for age, diabetes mellitus, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and hypertension) compared with those with the CC genotype. Four-year mortality risk was 4 times higher for individuals with the CG/GG genotypes compared with individuals with the CC genotype (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-12.5; P=0.02), adjusted for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, estimated glomerular filtration rate, baseline CAC, and hypertension.. ...
Plus itPlus it
The major finding of this study was that daily supplementation with 500 μg of phylloquinone for 36 months had a protective effect on progression of insulin resistance in older men.. In an animal study, rats fed a low vitamin K diet had impaired early insulin response and subsequent increased insulin secretion after intravenous administration of glucose (1). Higher vitamin K intake was cross-sectionally associated with reduced insulin resistance in both men and women in the Framingham Offspring cohort (3). A metabolic study of young men showed a significant association between vitamin K and post-glucose challenge measures, but not fasting measures (2). In our study, a beneficial effect of vitamin K supplementation for 36 months was observed using fasting measures of insulin resistance. The effect of this intervention on post-glucose challenge measures of insulin resistance was not tested in our study.. Recent studies proposed that the uncarboxylated form of osteocalcin, a vitamin K-dependent ...
Vitamin K status in chronic kidney disease: a report of a study and a mini-review | SpringerLinkVitamin K status in chronic kidney disease: a report of a study and a mini-review | SpringerLink
Hepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins (e.g., Factors II, VII, IX and X) form part of the clotting cascade. Factor II (FII)/Prothrombin incorporates 10 Glu r
Health benefits of the unrecognized vitamin K2 | Diet & Nutrition TipsHealth benefits of the unrecognized vitamin K2 | Diet & Nutrition Tips
If you are supplementing with high doses of calcium as well as vitamin D - without vitamin K2- - you go to danger for calcium-related osteoporosis and arthrosclerosis.. In her book Vitamin K2 and the Calcium Paradox, Dr. Kate Rhéaume-Bleue, a naturopathic medical professional and Canadian radio as well as television health specialist, explains this phenomenon called the calcium mystery: a mysterious concurrent calcium shortage (in the skeletal system) and calcium extra (in the arteries) that underlies 2 major health concerns of our time, weakening of bones and also heart condition. How it works: Vitamin D promotes bone health and wellness by assisting you absorb calcium. You need vitamin K2 to obtain calcium to where your body requires it as well as to stop it from being deposited in the wrong areas. K2 turns on an unique healthy protein called osteocalcin, which directs the calcium to the appropriate locations, like your bones as well as teeth. K2 likewise activates an additional protein ...
taddsmama: Review Natures Life K , Bone Support, Phylloquinone, 1000 Mcg, 50 Vegetarian Capsulestaddsmama: Review Nature's Life K , Bone Support, Phylloquinone, 1000 Mcg, 50 Vegetarian Capsules
In general as far as I know customers who bought Natures Life K , Bone Support, Phylloquinone, 1000 Mcg, 50 Vegetarian Capsules or other products in the Internet also were interested in reviews, cheap & lowest prices in outlets and stores, shipping, gift ideas, city deals, sales, coupons online, new, holiday & daily deals, bargain, best buy products including special offers on Natures Life K , Bone Support, Phylloquinone, 1000 Mcg, 50 Vegetarian Capsules, best deals, discount coupons, top & hot deals, great offers, last minute deals and so on ...
Blood thinner vitamin k : Dvt treatment guidelines 2017Blood thinner vitamin k : Dvt treatment guidelines 2017
I would advise against taking vitamins as a substitute for blood thinners.Blood Thinner Vitamin K Foods blood thinner interaction with food, blood thinners foods to avoid, blood thinning foods, list of blood thinners, natural blood thinners.Vitamin K has long been known to regulate control of blood clotting.. This and any other forms of abnormal bleeding should prompt you to seek urgent medical attention.PRADAXA is a prescription blood thinner medicine that lowers the chance of blood clots forming in your body. vitamins, and supplements you take.. Coumadin: Also known as warfarin, this medication is used to prevent strokes for those who have heart disease such as atrial fibrillation or heart valve problems and for those who suffer from blood clotting disorders.Salicylates block vitamin K to naturally thin the blood, increasing the blood circulation thus increasing the.People who have stomach ulcers might develop intestinal bleeding, which can be life-threatening.If you take Coumaden, you must ...
Vitamin K - Vitamin K, Hepatitus B, and Erythromycin | CourseraVitamin K - Vitamin K, Hepatitus B, and Erythromycin | Coursera
Video created by University of Colorado System for the course Preventative Healthcare for the Newborn Baby . In this module, we will cover the role of vitamin K in blood clotting, sources of vitamin K, and the reasons why newborns lack vitamin ...
Vitamin k and xarelto - Can advil cause nose bleedsVitamin k and xarelto - Can advil cause nose bleeds
The FDA has decided -- for now -- against allowing the new blood thinner Xarelto to be used to treat patients with blocked coronary arteries.Federal officials issued a complete response letter late Thursday, which means they want more information from the drug manufacturer before making a final decision.There is no known interaction between Vitamin K and Xarelto in our records.Xarelto is the brand name for the prescription medication rivaroxaban, a blood thinner, or anticoagulant, that prevents blood clots from forming.These include intake of dietary vitamin K,. 18 Responses to Xarelto vs.. ...
Wholesale Vitamin K Injection, China Wholesale Vitamin K Injection Manufacturers & Suppliers | Made-in-China.comWholesale Vitamin K Injection, China Wholesale Vitamin K Injection Manufacturers & Suppliers | Made-in-China.com
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Vitamin K2 MK-7 Natto 100mcg 60 Capsules - Lions, Tigers & BearsVitamin K2 MK-7 Natto 100mcg 60 Capsules - Lions, Tigers & Bears
Vitamin K2 MK-7 Natural Natto provides a premium quality and easy to swallow daily vitamin K supplement. Vitamin K is renowned for its role in the synthesi
Vitamin K Foods - Sources of Vitamin K - FreeFoodFactsVitamin K Foods - Sources of Vitamin K - FreeFoodFacts
Vitamin K plays a big role in bone health and blood function, making sure blood has the ability to clot. Check out our vitamin K food list.
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Ndryshimi mes inspektimeve të Përdoruesi:Tiimiii/I ftohti i zakonshemNdryshimi mes inspektimeve të "Përdoruesi:Tiimiii/I ftohti i zakonshem"
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Vitamin KVitamin K 1Vitamin K DeficiencyVitamin K 2Vitamin K Deficiency BleedingVitamin AVitamin K 3VitaminsVitamin DVitamin K Epoxide ReductasesVitamin EVitamin B 12Vitamin A DeficiencyVitamin D DeficiencyCarbon-Carbon LigasesVitamin B 6Vitamin E DeficiencyVitamin B 12 DeficiencyWarfarinCholecalciferol4-HydroxycoumarinsDietary SupplementsVitamin B 6 DeficiencyAscorbic AcidK562 CellsProthrombin TimeAntifibrinolytic AgentsOsteocalcinProthrombinMixed Function OxygenasesReceptors, CalcitriolVitamin D-Binding ProteinAnticoagulantsInternational Normalized RatioHypoprothrombinemiasDietPyridoxine1-Carboxyglutamic AcidNutritional StatusRodenticidesCalcifediolPhenprocoumonCalcitriolAvitaminosisInjections, IntramuscularAdministration, OralVitamin B DeficiencyAntioxidantsErgocalciferolsBlood Coagulation FactorsH(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPaseBone and Bonesalpha-TocopherolNutritional RequirementsFolic AcidDicumarolPseudoxanthoma ElasticumBlood CoagulationElder Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaRicketsSunlightHemorrhageBone DensityQuinone Reductasesbeta CaroteneLiverFood, FortifiedBlood Coagulation TestsInfant, NewbornDose-Response Relationship, DrugBlood Coagulation DisordersSodium-Coupled Vitamin C TransportersNaphthoquinonesCalciumPartial Thromboplastin TimeBiological MarkersCalcium, DietaryHydroxycholecalciferolsProtein PrecursorsNurseries, HospitalHomocysteineCarotenoidsTranscobalaminsTocopherolsMicrosomes, LiverChromatography, High Pressure Liquid25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2LigasesParathyroid HormoneDouble-Blind MethodNutrition PolicyHemorrhagic DisordersMethylmalonic AcidOsteoporosisBone Density Conservation AgentsHemostaticsRisk FactorsVitamin D Response ElementDihydroxycholecalciferolsBone Diseases, MetabolicRiboflavinTime FactorsPyridoxal PhosphateEtidronic AcidPhenindioneCefotetan
Vitamin KVitamin K
vitamin K-1, phytonadione (Mephyton): Side Effectsvitamin K-1, phytonadione (Mephyton): Side Effects
What Does Vitamin B-1 Do?What Does Vitamin B-1 Do?
Microbes for Vitamin Production Page 1Microbes for Vitamin Production Page 1
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Kroger - Kroger® Vitamin D Whole Milk, 1 ptKroger - Kroger® Vitamin D Whole Milk, 1 pt
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Expression of the vitamin D-activating enzyme 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) decreases during melanoma progression. - PubMed - NCBIExpression of the vitamin D-activating enzyme 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) decreases during melanoma progression. - PubMed - NCBI
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Milk, lowfat, fluid, 1% milkfat, protein fortified, with added vitamin A and vitamin D NutritionMilk, lowfat, fluid, 1% milkfat, protein fortified, with added vitamin A and vitamin D Nutrition
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Assignment 1 (BEL 313) | Influenza | VitaminAssignment 1 (BEL 313) | Influenza | Vitamin
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AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureNamed GroupsHealth Care
Vitamin KVitamin K 1Vitamin K DeficiencyVitamin K 2Vitamin K Deficiency BleedingVitamin AVitamin K 3VitaminsVitamin DVitamin K Epoxide ReductasesVitamin EVitamin B 12Vitamin A DeficiencyVitamin D DeficiencyCarbon-Carbon LigasesVitamin B 6Vitamin E DeficiencyVitamin B 12 DeficiencyWarfarinCholecalciferol4-HydroxycoumarinsDietary SupplementsVitamin B 6 DeficiencyAscorbic AcidK562 CellsProthrombin TimeAntifibrinolytic AgentsOsteocalcinProthrombinMixed Function OxygenasesReceptors, CalcitriolVitamin D-Binding ProteinAnticoagulantsInternational Normalized RatioHypoprothrombinemiasDietPyridoxine1-Carboxyglutamic AcidNutritional StatusRodenticidesCalcifediolPhenprocoumonCalcitriolAvitaminosisInjections, IntramuscularAdministration, OralVitamin B DeficiencyAntioxidantsErgocalciferolsBlood Coagulation FactorsH(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPaseBone and Bonesalpha-TocopherolNutritional RequirementsFolic AcidDicumarolPseudoxanthoma ElasticumBlood CoagulationElder Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaRicketsSunlightHemorrhageBone DensityQuinone Reductasesbeta CaroteneLiverFood, FortifiedBlood Coagulation TestsInfant, NewbornDose-Response Relationship, DrugBlood Coagulation DisordersSodium-Coupled Vitamin C TransportersNaphthoquinonesCalciumPartial Thromboplastin TimeBiological MarkersCalcium, DietaryHydroxycholecalciferolsProtein PrecursorsNurseries, HospitalHomocysteineCarotenoidsTranscobalaminsTocopherolsMicrosomes, LiverChromatography, High Pressure Liquid25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2LigasesParathyroid HormoneDouble-Blind MethodNutrition PolicyHemorrhagic DisordersMethylmalonic AcidOsteoporosisBone Density Conservation AgentsHemostaticsRisk FactorsVitamin D Response ElementDihydroxycholecalciferolsBone Diseases, MetabolicRiboflavinTime FactorsPyridoxal PhosphateEtidronic AcidPhenindioneCefotetan
ProteinsIntakeForm of vitaminAmount of vitaminSerumMetabolismHyaluronic acidINGREDIENTSDeficienciesAdultsWater-solubleCalcitriolAscorbicReduced formSupplementProgressionSunlightThiaminePotencyCirculating vitamin D metaboliteImmune systemDietaryDoses of vitaminDosageServing SizeRickets2000MagnesiumRisk of type 1 diabetBoneHydroxyTabletMultivitaminsPathwayOnsetActive form of vitaminCapsulesBiologically activeDeficient in vitaminFolicCYP27B1Type 1 diabeticIntake of vitaminNiacinNutrientPhytonadioneLiverDose of vitaminHealthBody'sCalcium and vitaminBenefits of vitaminNutritionOral vitaminSkinLevelsNervous systemMulti-vitaminDeficiency of vitamin
Proteins3
Intake2
Form of vitamin1
Amount of vitamin1
Serum13
Metabolism26
Hyaluronic acid1
INGREDIENTS4
Deficiencies9
Adults17
Water-soluble10
Calcitriol3
Ascorbic2
Reduced form1
Supplement8
Progression14
Sunlight7
Thiamine4
Potency1
Circulating vitamin D metabolite1
Immune system10
Dietary3
Doses of vitamin3
Dosage3
Serving Size1
Rickets6
20001
Magnesium6
Risk of type 1 diabet3
Bone12
Hydroxy8
Tablet4
Multivitamins1
Pathway2
Onset6
Active form of vitamin4
Capsules1
Biologically active1
Deficient in vitamin2
Folic4
CYP27B12
Type 1 diabetic2
Intake of vitamin2
Niacin3
Nutrient2
Phytonadione2
Liver4
Dose of vitamin3
Health17
Body's4
Calcium and vitamin3
Benefits of vitamin1
Nutrition2
Oral vitamin1
Skin17
Levels32
Nervous system3
Multi-vitamin1
Deficiency of vitamin2
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