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Vitamin B 12 DeficiencyVitamin B 6Vitamin AVitaminsVitamin DVitamin EVitamin A DeficiencyVitamin B 12Vitamin B ComplexVitamin D DeficiencyPyridoxineVitamin B DeficiencyTranscobalaminsFolic AcidVitamin E DeficiencyCobalt IsotopesVitamin K 1Folic Acid DeficiencyVitamin B 6 DeficiencyVitamin K DeficiencyDietary SupplementsAscorbic AcidAnemia, PerniciousMethylmalonic AcidCholecalciferolPyridoxal PhosphateThiamineRiboflavinIntrinsic FactorDeficiency DiseasesAnemia, MegaloblasticHydroxocobalaminAnemia, MacrocyticPyridoxic AcidDietAvitaminosisReceptors, CalcitriolVitamin D-Binding ProteinThiamine DeficiencyPyridoxalMalabsorption SyndromesHyperhomocysteinemiaalpha 1-Antitrypsin DeficiencyNutritional StatusPyridoxal KinaseVitamin K 2Schilling TestCobamidesNutritional RequirementsCalcitriolCalcifediolIgA DeficiencyAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyAntioxidantsLiverVitamin K Deficiency BleedingCobalt RadioisotopesErgocalciferolsRiboflavin DeficiencyEuglenaFood, FortifiedRicketsGlucosephosphate Dehydrogenase DeficiencyPyridoxamineIronVitamin K 3Mice, KnockoutBhutanSunlightPantothenic AcidMagnesium DeficiencyMutationbeta CaroteneMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)MethionineMicronutrientsAscorbic Acid DeficiencyMetabolism, Inborn ErrorsCorrinoidsPregnancyIntestinal Absorption5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-MethyltransferaseDiet, Vegetarianalpha-TocopherolXanthurenatesImmunologic Deficiency SyndromesHomocysteineProtein C DeficiencyMethylmalonyl-CoA MutaseCystathioninePostgastrectomy SyndromesIgG DeficiencyErythrocytesPyridoxaminephosphate OxidaseAnemia, HypochromicRisk FactorsSeleniumZincMice, Inbred C57BL25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)
Vitamin B 6
VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.
Vitamin A
Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.
Vitamins
Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.
Vitamin D
A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.
Vitamin E
A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.
Vitamin A Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)
Vitamin B 12
A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.
Vitamin B Complex
A group of water-soluble vitamins, some of which are COENZYMES.
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)
Pyridoxine
The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990).
Vitamin B Deficiency
A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.
Transcobalamins
A group of carrier proteins which bind with VITAMIN B12 in the BLOOD and aid in its transport. Transcobalamin I migrates electrophoretically as a beta-globulin, while transcobalamins II and III migrate as alpha-globulins.
Folic Acid
A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamin E Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN E in the diet, characterized by posterior column and spinocerebellar tract abnormalities, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia, and disturbances of gait, proprioception, and vibration. In premature infants vitamin E deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytosis, edema, intraventricular hemorrhage, and increasing risk of retrolental fibroplasia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. An apparent inborn error of vitamin E metabolism, named familial isolated vitamin E deficiency, has recently been identified. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1181)
Cobalt Isotopes
Stable cobalt atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cobalt, but differ in atomic weight. Co-59 is a stable cobalt isotope.
Vitamin K 1
A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.
Folic Acid Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)
Vitamin B 6 Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 6 in the diet, characterized by dermatitis, glossitis, cheilosis, and stomatitis. Marked deficiency causes irritability, weakness, depression, dizziness, peripheral neuropathy, and seizures. In infants and children typical manifestations are diarrhea, anemia, and seizures. Deficiency can be caused by certain medications, such as isoniazid.
Vitamin K Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)
Dietary Supplements
Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.
Ascorbic Acid
A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
Anemia, Pernicious
A megaloblastic anemia occurring in children but more commonly in later life, characterized by histamine-fast achlorhydria, in which the laboratory and clinical manifestations are based on malabsorption of vitamin B 12 due to a failure of the gastric mucosa to secrete adequate and potent intrinsic factor. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Methylmalonic Acid
A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.
Cholecalciferol
Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.
Pyridoxal Phosphate
This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).
Thiamine
3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.
Riboflavin
Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE and FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE.
Intrinsic Factor
A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.
Deficiency Diseases
A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)
Anemia, Megaloblastic
A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.
Hydroxocobalamin
Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.
Anemia, Macrocytic
Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).
Pyridoxic Acid
The catabolic product of most of VITAMIN B 6; (PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; and PYRIDOXAMINE) which is excreted in the urine.
Diet
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
Avitaminosis
A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Receptors, Calcitriol
Proteins, usually found in the cytoplasm, that specifically bind calcitriol, migrate to the nucleus, and regulate transcription of specific segments of DNA with the participation of D receptor interacting proteins (called DRIP). Vitamin D is converted in the liver and kidney to calcitriol and ultimately acts through these receptors.
Vitamin D-Binding Protein
An alpha-globulin found in the plasma of man and other vertebrates. It is apparently synthesized in the liver and carries vitamin D and its metabolites through the circulation and mediates the response of tissue. It is also known as group-specific component (Gc). Gc subtypes are used to determine specific phenotypes and gene frequencies. These data are employed in the classification of population groups, paternity investigations, and in forensic medicine.
Thiamine Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)
Pyridoxal
The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.
Malabsorption Syndromes
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (>13.9 µmol/l). Hyperhomocysteinemia can be familial or acquired. Development of the acquired hyperhomocysteinemia is mostly associated with vitamins B and/or folate deficiency (e.g., PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, vitamin malabsorption). Familial hyperhomocysteinemia often results in a more severe elevation of total homocysteine and excretion into the urine, resulting in HOMOCYSTINURIA. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporotic fractures and complications during pregnancy.
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS.
Nutritional Status
State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.
Pyridoxal Kinase
An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of pyridoxal in the presence of ATP with the formation of pyridoxal 5-phosphate and ADP. Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine and various derivatives can also act as acceptors. EC 2.7.1.35.
Vitamin K 2
A group of substances similar to VITAMIN K 1 which contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinione and an isoprenoid side chain of varying number of isoprene units. In vitamin K 2, each isoprene unit contains a double bond. They are produced by bacteria including the normal intestinal flora.
Schilling Test
A diagnostic test in which vitamin B12 is tagged with radioactive cobalt, taken orally, and gastrointestinal absorption is determined via measurement of the amount of radioactivity in a 24-hour urine collection.
Cobamides
Nutritional Requirements
The amounts of various substances in food needed by an organism to sustain healthy life.
Calcitriol
The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.
Calcifediol
The major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicator of the body's vitamin D stores. It is effective in the treatment of RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA, both in azotemic and non-azotemic patients. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties.
IgA Deficiency
A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.
Antioxidants
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding
Hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency.
Cobalt Radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of cobalt that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Co atoms with atomic weights of 54-64, except 59, are radioactive cobalt isotopes.
Ergocalciferols
Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.
Riboflavin Deficiency
A dietary deficiency of riboflavin causing a syndrome chiefly marked by cheilitis, angular stomatitis, glossitis associated with a purplish red or magenta-colored tongue that may show fissures, corneal vascularization, dyssebacia, and anemia. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Euglena
A genus of EUKARYOTES, in the phylum EUGLENIDA, found mostly in stagnant water. Characteristics include a pellicle usually marked by spiral or longitudinal striations.
Food, Fortified
Any food that has been supplemented with essential nutrients either in quantities that are greater than those present normally, or which are not present in the food normally. Fortified food includes also food to which various nutrients have been added to compensate for those removed by refinement or processing. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Rickets
Disorders caused by interruption of BONE MINERALIZATION manifesting as OSTEOMALACIA in adults and characteristic deformities in infancy and childhood due to disturbances in normal BONE FORMATION. The mineralization process may be interrupted by disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis, resulting from dietary deficiencies, or acquired, or inherited metabolic, or hormonal disturbances.
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.
Pyridoxamine
The 4-aminomethyl form of VITAMIN B 6. During transamination of amino acids, PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate.
Iron
A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
Vitamin K 3
A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Bhutan
A kingdom in the eastern Himalayas on the northeast border of India, bounded on the north by Tibet, on the east by Assam, on the south by Assam and West Bengal, and on the west by Sikkim and Tibet. From 1720 to 1970 it was under Chinese or Indian domination. In 1971 it became a member of the United Nations. The name comes from the Sanskrit bhota, the name for Tibet, + anta, end, with reference to its location at the southern extremity of Tibet. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p144 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p64)
Sunlight
Irradiation directly from the sun.
Pantothenic Acid
A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
beta Carotene
A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)
A flavoprotein amine oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reversible conversion of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.171.
Methionine
A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.
Micronutrients
Essential dietary elements or organic compounds that are required in only small quantities for normal physiologic processes to occur.
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.
Corrinoids
Cyclic TETRAPYRROLES based on the corrin skeleton.
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Intestinal Absorption
Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.
5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of methionine by transfer of a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine. It requires a cobamide coenzyme. The enzyme can act on mono- or triglutamate derivatives. EC 2.1.1.13.
Diet, Vegetarian
Dietary practice of completely avoiding meat products in the DIET, consuming VEGETABLES, CEREALS, and NUTS. Some vegetarian diets called lacto-ovo also include milk and egg products.
alpha-Tocopherol
A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.
Xanthurenates
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.
Homocysteine
A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.
Protein C Deficiency
An absence or deficiency in PROTEIN C which leads to impaired regulation of blood coagulation. It is associated with an increased risk of severe or premature thrombosis. (Stedman's Med. Dict., 26th ed.)
Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA by transfer of the carbonyl group. It requires a cobamide coenzyme. A block in this enzymatic conversion leads to the metabolic disease, methylmalonic aciduria. EC 5.4.99.2.
Cystathionine
Postgastrectomy Syndromes
Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (DUMPING SYNDROME and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies.
IgG Deficiency
A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
Pyridoxaminephosphate Oxidase
An enzyme catalyzing the deamination of pyridoxaminephosphate to pyridoxal phosphate. It is a flavoprotein that also oxidizes pyridoxine-5-phosphate and pyridoxine. EC 1.4.3.5.
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)
Risk Factors
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Selenium
An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.
Zinc
A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase
A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 1-alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (also known as 25-hydroxycholecalciferol) in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP27B1 gene, converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 which is the active form of VITAMIN D in regulating bone growth and calcium metabolism. This enzyme is also active on plant 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (ergocalciferol).
Sodium-Coupled Vitamin C Transporters
Membrane transport proteins that actively co-transport ASCORBIC ACID and sodium ions across the CELL MEMBRANE. Dietary absorption of VITAMIN C is highly dependent upon this class of transporters and a subset of SODIUM GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS which transport the oxidized form of vitamin C, DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID.
Xerophthalmia
Dryness of the eye surfaces caused by deficiency of tears or conjunctival secretions. It may be associated with vitamin A deficiency, trauma, or any condition in which the eyelids do not close completely.
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Propionibacterium
A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria whose cells occur singly, in pairs or short chains, in V or Y configurations, or in clumps resembling letters of the Chinese alphabet. Its organisms are found in cheese and dairy products as well as on human skin and can occasionally cause soft tissue infections.
Hydroxycholecalciferols
Hydroxy analogs of vitamin D 3; (CHOLECALCIFEROL); including CALCIFEDIOL; CALCITRIOL; and 24,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D 3.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Parathyroid Hormone
A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.
Tetrahydrofolates
Compounds based on 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate.
Infant, Newborn
An infant during the first month after birth.
Erythrocyte Indices
ERYTHROCYTE size and HEMOGLOBIN content or concentration, usually derived from ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; BLOOD hemoglobin concentration; and HEMATOCRIT. The indices include the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
Factor V Deficiency
A deficiency of blood coagulation factor V (known as proaccelerin or accelerator globulin or labile factor) leading to a rare hemorrhagic tendency known as Owren's disease or parahemophilia. It varies greatly in severity. Factor V deficiency is an autosomal recessive trait. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Case-Control Studies
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
Double-Blind Method
A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.
Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases
OXIDOREDUCTASES which mediate vitamin K metabolism by converting inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K.
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Disorders affecting amino acid metabolism. The majority of these disorders are inherited and present in the neonatal period with metabolic disturbances (e.g., ACIDOSIS) and neurologic manifestations. They are present at birth, although they may not become symptomatic until later in life.
Nitrogenous Group Transferases
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of nitrogenous groups, primarily amino groups, from a donor, generally an amino acid, to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxoacid. EC 2.6.
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2
9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Carbon-Carbon Ligases
Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-carbon bond. These are the carboxylating enzymes and are mostly biotinyl-proteins. EC 6.4.
Tocopherols
A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain substitutions on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus and a long hydrocarbon chain of isoprenoid units. They are antioxidants by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen. Tocopherols react with the most reactive form of oxygen and protect unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.
Hemoglobins
The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.
Calcium, Dietary
Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.
Nutrition Policy
Guidelines and objectives pertaining to food supply and nutrition including recommendations for healthy diet.
Administration, Oral
The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.
Biological Assay
A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.
Pellagra
A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).
Antithrombin III Deficiency
An absence or reduced level of Antithrombin III leading to an increased risk for thrombosis.
Iodine
A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.
Phenotype
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Subacute Combined Degeneration
A neuropathy due to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY or to excessive NITROUS OXIDE inhalation. It is associated with overproduction of the myelinolytic TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA.
Minerals
Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Malonates
Oxidative Stress
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
Milk, Human
Transketolase
An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the conversion of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate in the PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.2.1.1.
Reference Values
The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.
Genotype
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
Carotenoids
The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Homozygote
An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.
Dihydroxycholecalciferols
Cholecalciferols substituted with two hydroxy groups in any position.
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.
Cross-Sectional Studies
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
Injections, Intramuscular
Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.
Old Age Assistance
Financial assistance for the impoverished elderly through public funding of programs, services, and individual income supplements.
Homocystine
Vitamin D Response Element
A DNA sequence that is found in the promoter region of vitamin D regulated genes. Vitamin D receptor (RECEPTOR, CALCITRIOL) binds to and regulates the activity of genes containing this element.
Prevalence
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Hypervitaminosis A
A symptom complex resulting from ingesting excessive amounts of VITAMIN A.
Pregnancy Complications
Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Factor VII Deficiency
An autosomal recessive characteristic or a coagulation disorder acquired in association with VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY. FACTOR VII is a Vitamin K dependent glycoprotein essential to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
Bone and Bones
A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.
Biological Availability
The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.
Protein Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of proteins in the diet, characterized by adaptive enzyme changes in the liver, increase in amino acid synthetases, and diminution of urea formation, thus conserving nitrogen and reducing its loss in the urine. Growth, immune response, repair, and production of enzymes and hormones are all impaired in severe protein deficiency. Protein deficiency may also arise in the face of adequate protein intake if the protein is of poor quality (i.e., the content of one or more amino acids is inadequate and thus becomes the limiting factor in protein utilization). (From Merck Manual, 16th ed; Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p406)
Ferritins
Iron-containing proteins that are widely distributed in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Their major function is to store IRON in a nontoxic bioavailable form. Each ferritin molecule consists of ferric iron in a hollow protein shell (APOFERRITINS) made of 24 subunits of various sequences depending on the species and tissue types.
Prospective Studies
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Uroporphyrins
Porphyrins with four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings.
Factor XI Deficiency
A hereditary deficiency of blood coagulation factor XI (also known as plasma thromboplastin antecedent or PTA or antihemophilic factor C) resulting in a systemic blood-clotting defect called hemophilia C or Rosenthal's syndrome, that may resemble classical hemophilia.
Phosphorus
A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.
Heterozygote
An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
The processes and properties of living organisms by which they take in and balance the use of nutritive materials for energy, heat production, or building material for the growth, maintenance, or repair of tissues and the nutritive properties of FOOD.
Homocystinuria
Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)
FIGLU Test
A urine test for formiminoglutamic acid, an intermediate metabolite in L-histidine catabolism in the conversion of L-histidine to L-glutamic acid. It may be an indicator of vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency or liver disease.
24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3
A physiologically active metabolite of VITAMIN D. The compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhances the calcemic effect of CALCITRIOL.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)
Nutrition Surveys
A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to the nutritional status of a human population within a given geographic area. Data from these surveys are used in preparing NUTRITION ASSESSMENTS.
Factor X Deficiency
Blood coagulation disorder usually inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, though it can be acquired. It is characterized by defective activity in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, impaired thromboplastin time, and impaired prothrombin consumption.
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.
Isonicotinic Acids
Heterocyclic acids that are derivatives of 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (isonicotinic acid).
Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic
Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.
Lactation
The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.
Aspartate Aminotransferases
Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.
Nutritive Value
An indication of the contribution of a food to the nutrient content of the diet. This value depends on the quantity of a food which is digested and absorbed and the amounts of the essential nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins) which it contains. This value can be affected by soil and growing conditions, handling and storage, and processing.
Trace Elements
A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the FETUS and INFANT as well as herself.
Scurvy
An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs.
Lactobacillus
A genus of gram-positive, microaerophilic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring widely in nature. Its species are also part of the many normal flora of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of many mammals, including humans. Pathogenicity from this genus is rare.
Factor XIII Deficiency
A deficiency of blood coagulation FACTOR XIII or fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF) that prevents blood clot formation and results in a clinical hemorrhagic diathesis.
Retinol-Binding Proteins
Proteins which bind with RETINOL. The retinol-binding protein found in plasma has an alpha-1 mobility on electrophoresis and a molecular weight of about 21 kDa. The retinol-protein complex (MW=80-90 kDa) circulates in plasma in the form of a protein-protein complex with prealbumin. The retinol-binding protein found in tissue has a molecular weight of 14 kDa and carries retinol as a non-covalently-bound ligand.
Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome
Rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the beta 2 integrin receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION) comprising the CD11/CD18 family of glycoproteins. The syndrome is characterized by abnormal adhesion-dependent functions, especially defective tissue emigration of neutrophils, leading to recurrent infection.
Choline Deficiency
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease
An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)
Propionates
Derivatives of propionic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxyethane structure.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital
A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.
Pedigree
The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.
Osteomalacia
Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.
Eubacterium
A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of man and animals, animal and plant products, infections of soft tissue, and soil. Some species may be pathogenic. No endospores are produced. The genus Eubacterium should not be confused with EUBACTERIA, one of the three domains of life.
Hemoglobinometry
Measurement of hemoglobin concentration in blood.
Bone Density
The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.
Biological Transport
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
Cohort Studies
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
Kidney
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase
An NAPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates such as the 27-hydroxylation of 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol.
Iron, Dietary
Iron or iron compounds used in foods or as food. Dietary iron is important in oxygen transport and the synthesis of the iron-porphyrin proteins hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and cytochrome oxidase. Insufficient amounts of dietary iron can lead to iron-deficiency anemia.

Age-related hearing loss, vitamin B-12, and folate in elderly women. (1/560)

BACKGROUND: Hearing impairment is 1 of the 4 most prevalent chronic conditions in the elderly. However, the biological basis of age-related hearing loss is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the hypothesis that age-related hearing loss may be associated with poor vitamin B-12 and folate status. DESIGN: A thorough audiometric assessment was conducted in 55 healthy women aged 60-71 y. Hearing function was determined by the average of pure-tone air conduction thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz and was categorized into 2 groups for logistic regression analyses: normal hearing (<20 dB hearing level; n = 44) and impaired hearing (> or = 20 dB hearing level; n = 11). RESULTS: Mean age was the same (65 y) for the normal hearing and impaired hearing groups. Pure-tone averages were inversely correlated with serum vitamin B-12 (r = -0.58, P = 0.0001) and red cell folate (r = -0.37, P = 0.01). Women with impaired hearing had 38% lower serum vitamin B-12 (236 compared with 380 pmol/L, respectively, P = 0.008) and 31% lower red cell folate (425 compared with 619 nmol/L, respectively, P = 0.02) than women with normal hearing. Among participants who did not take supplements containing vitamin B-12 or folate, women with impaired hearing had 48% lower serum vitamin B-12 (156 compared with 302 pmol/L, respectively, P = 0.0007) and 43% lower red cell folate (288 compared with 502 nmol/L, respectively, P = 0.001) than women with normal hearing. CONCLUSION: Poor vitamin B-12 and folate status may be associated with age-related auditory dysfunction.  (+info)

Ambulatory management of common forms of anemia. (2/560)

Anemia is a prevalent condition with a variety of underlying causes. Once the etiology has been established, many forms of anemia can be easily managed by the family physician. Iron deficiency, the most common form of anemia, may be treated orally or, rarely, parenterally. Vitamin B12 deficiency has traditionally been treated with intramuscular injections, although oral and intranasal preparations are also available. The treatment of folate deficiency is straightforward, relying on oral supplements. Folic acid supplementation is also recommended for women of child-bearing age to reduce their risk of neural tube defects. Current research focuses on folate's role in reducing the risk of premature cardiovascular disease.  (+info)

Risk of persistent cobalamin deficiency in adolescents fed a macrobiotic diet in early life. (3/560)

BACKGROUND: Cobalamin deficiency has been described in children consuming macrobiotic diets. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether moderate consumption of animal products is sufficient for achieving normal cobalamin function in 73 adolescents who had received a macrobiotic diet until 6 y of age and had then switched to a lactovegetarian, lactoovovegetarian, or omnivorous diet (macrobiotic adolescents). DESIGN: Hematologic indexes and serum concentrations of methylmalonic acid (MMA), total homocysteine (tHcy), and folate were measured. Current consumption frequency of animal products and cobalamin intake from dairy products were assessed by questionnaire. Data from 94 age-matched adolescents who received an omnivorous diet from birth were used as a reference. RESULTS: Serum cobalamin concentrations were significantly lower and concentrations of MMA and folate and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly higher in macrobiotic adolescents than in control adolescents: of macrobiotic adolescents, 21% had abnormal MMA concentrations (>0.41 micromol/L), 37% had abnormal cobalamin concentrations (<218 pmol/L), 10% had abnormal tHcy concentrations (> 12.8 micromol/L), and 15% had abnormal MCV (> 89 fL). In macrobiotic adolescents, dairy products (200 g milk or yogurt and 22 g cheese/d) supplied on average 0.95 microg cobalamin/d; additionally, these adolescents consumed fish, meat, or chicken 2-3 times/wk. In girls, meat consumption contributed more to cobalamin status than the consumption of dairy products, whereas in boys these food groups were equally important. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of the formerly strict macrobiotic adolescents still had impaired cobalamin function. Thus, moderate consumption of animal products is not sufficient for restoring normal cobalamin status in subjects with inadequate cobalamin intake during the early years of life.  (+info)

Immunomodulation by vitamin B12: augmentation of CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitamin B12-deficient patients by methyl-B12 treatment. (4/560)

It has been suggested that vitamin B12 (vit.B12) plays an important role in immune system regulation, but the details are still obscure. In order to examine the action of vit.B12 on cells of the human immune system, lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell activity were evaluated in 11 patients with vit.B12 deficiency anaemia and in 13 control subjects. Decreases in the number of lymphocytes and CD8+ cells and in the proportion of CD4+ cells, an abnormally high CD4/CD8 ratio, and suppressed NK cell activity were noted in patients compared with control subjects. In all 11 patients and eight control subjects, these immune parameters were evaluated before and after methyl-B12 injection. The lymphocyte counts and number of CD8+ cells increased both in patients and in control subjects. The high CD4/CD8 ratio and suppressed NK cell activity were improved by methyl-B12 treatment. Augmentation of CD3-CD16+ cells occurred in patients after methyl-B12 treatment. In contrast, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity, lectin-stimulated lymphocyte blast formation, and serum levels of immunoglobulins were not changed by methyl-B12 treatment. These results indicate that vit.B12 might play an important role in cellular immunity, especially relativing to CD8+ cells and the NK cell system, which suggests effects on cytotoxic cells. We conclude that vit.B12 acts as an immunomodulator for cellular immunity.  (+info)

Blood folate and vitamin B12: United States, 1988-94. (5/560)

OBJECTIVES: This report presents national estimates of serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate and serum vitamin B12 distributions for persons 4 years and over, by sociodemographic variables. METHODS: The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988-94), provides information on the health and nutritional status of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. The analytic sample included 23,378 participants with serum folate data, 23,082 with RBC folate data, and 11,851 with serum vitamin B12 data. RESULTS: The mean serum and RBC folate concentrations are 7.2 and 196 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL), respectively, and the mean serum vitamin B12 concentration is 518 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). Non-Hispanic white people have higher mean serum and RBC folate concentrations than non-Hispanic black or Mexican American people. Serum vitamin B12 concentrations are lowest for older adults, and non-Hispanic black people have higher serum B12 concentrations than non-Hispanic white individuals. Only approximately 3 percent of the population has a serum B12 concentration less than 200 pg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate folate status may be more prevalent among non-Hispanic black and Mexican American people. Data also suggest a modest prevalence of low serum B12 concentrations. Future assessments of folate and vitamin B12 status will be important to evaluate the impact of a recently enacted fortification policy.  (+info)

Use of vitamin B12 injections among elderly patients by primary care practitioners in Ontario. (6/560)

BACKGROUND: Excess use of parenteral vitamin B12 has been reported from audits of clinical practices. The authors assessed the use of vitamin B12 injections in patients aged 65 years and over in Ontario. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted that included all elderly people covered by the Ontario Health Insurance Plan who received insured services from general practitioners or family physicians (GP/FPs). For each practice the proportion of elderly patients who received regular vitamin B12 injections between July 1996 and June 1997 was calculated. The frequency of injections was determined for each patient receiving regular B12 replacement. RESULTS: Of the 1,196,748 elderly patients (mean age 74.8 [standard deviation 6.8], 58.0% female) treated by 14,177 GP/FPs, 23,651 (2.0%) received regular B12 injections. The rate of B12 injections per patient, standardized for age and sex, varied between practices (range 0%-48.6%). Although no authoritative sources support the practice, 3303 (19.8%) of the 16,707 patients receiving long-term parenteral therapy had, on average, overly frequent injections (more than 1 injection every 4 weeks). For 76 (12.3%) of the 617 practices with 10 or more patients receiving regular vitamin B12 injections, the mean injection frequency was greater than once every 4 weeks. The proportion of patients in these 617 practices who received overly frequent injections varied extensively (0%-100%). INTERPRETATION: Our findings indicate that some primary care physicians in Ontario administer unnecessary vitamin B12 injections to elderly patients.  (+info)

Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B-12) status in Seventh-day Adventist ministers in Australia. (7/560)

As part of the Adventist Ministers' Health Study, a series of cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1992, 1994, and 1997, the serum vitamin B-12 status of 340 Australian Seventh-day Adventist ministers was assessed in 1997. The ministers in the study participated voluntarily. Of this group, 245 were either lactoovovegetarians or vegans who were not taking vitamin B-12 supplements. Their mean vitamin B-12 concentration was 199 pmol/L (range: 58-538 pmol/L), 53% of whom had values below the reference range for the method used (171-850 pmol/L) and 73% of whom had values <221 pmol/L, the lower limit recommended by Herbert. Dual-isotope Schillings test results in 36 lactoovovegetarians with abnormally low vitamin B-12 concentrations indicated that dietary deficiency was the cause in 70% of cases. Data from the dietary questionnaires supported dietary deficiency as the cause of low serum vitamin B-12 in this population of lactoovovegetarians and vegans, 56 (23%) of whom consumed sufficient servings of vitamin B-12-containing foods to obtain the minimum daily maintenance allowance of the vitamin (1 microg).  (+info)

Cellular import of cobalamin (Vitamin B-12). (8/560)

Recent studies have isolated and characterized human gastric intrinsic factor (IF) and transcobalamin II (TC II) genes, whose products mediate the import of cobalamin (Cbl; Vitamin B-12) across cellular plasma membranes. Analyses of cDNA and genomic clones of IF and TC II have provided some important insights into their sites of expression, structure and function. IF and TC II genes contain the same number, size and position of exons, and four of their eight intron-exon boundaries are identical. In addition, they share high homology in certain regions that are localized to different exons, indicating that IF and TC II may have evolved from a common ancestral gene. Both IF and TC II mediate transmembrane transport of Cbl via their respective receptors that function as oligomers in the plasma membrane. IF-mediated import of Cbl is limited to the apical membranes of epithelial cells; it occurs via a multipurpose receptor recently termed "cubilin," and the imported Cbl is usually exported out of these cells bound to endogenous TC II. On the other hand, TC II-mediated Cbl import occurs in all cells, including epithelial cells via a specific receptor, and the Cbl imported is usually retained, converted to its coenzyme forms, methyl-Cbl and 5'-deoxyadenosyl-Cbl, and utilized.  (+info)

Oral vitamin B12 for patients suspected of subtle cobalamin deficiency: a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial |...Oral vitamin B12 for patients suspected of subtle cobalamin deficiency: a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial |...
Evidence regarding the effectiveness of oral vitamin B12 in patients with serum vitamin B12 levels between 125-200 pM/l is lacking. We compared the effectiveness of one-month oral vitamin B12 supplementation in patients with a subtle vitamin B12 deficiency to that of a placebo. This multicentre (13 general practices, two nursing homes, and one primary care center in western Switzerland), parallel, randomised, controlled, closed-label, observer-blind trial included 50 patients with serum vitamin B12 levels between 125-200 pM/l who were randomized to receive either oral vitamin B12 (1000 μg daily, N = 26) or placebo (N = 24) for four weeks. The institutions pharmacist used simple randomisation to generate a table and allocate treatments. The primary outcome was the change in serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels after one month of treatment. Secondary outcomes were changes in total homocysteine and serum vitamin B12 levels. Blood samples were centralised for analysis and adherence to treatment was
https://bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2296-12-2/tables/2
Clinical relevance of low serum vitamin B12 concentrations in older people: the Banbury B12 study. - Nuffield Department of...
BACKGROUND: low vitamin B12 concentrations are common in older people, but the clinical relevance of biochemical evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency in the absence of anaemia is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: to examine associations of cognitive impairment, depression and neuropathy with blood measurements of vitamin B12 and folate status in older people. DESIGN: cross-sectional study in general practice in Banbury, England. PARTICIPANTS: a total of 1,000 individuals aged 75 years or older living in the community. RESULTS: low vitamin B12 concentrations were identified in 13% of older people and were associated with memory impairment and depression. After adjustment for age, sex and smoking, individuals with vitamin B12 or holotranscobalamin (holoTC) in the bottom compared with top quartiles had a 2-fold risk (OR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.11-4.27) and a 3-fold risk (OR = 3.02; 95% CI 1.31-6.98) of cognitive impairment, respectively. Low vitamin B12 status was also associated with missing ankle tendon jerks but not with
https://www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/publications/49282
Neurological presentations and therapeutic responses to cobalamin deficiencyNeurological presentations and therapeutic responses to cobalamin deficiency
Neurological presentations and therapeutic responses to cobalamin deficiency, Min-Chien Tu, Chung-Ping Lo, Ching-Feng Huang, Yen-Hsuan Hsu, Tzu-Lan Wang
http://www.jneuropsychiatry.org/peer-review/neurological-presentations-and-therapeutic-responses-to-cobalamin-deficiency-11932.html
Vitamin B6Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin that exists in three major chemical forms: pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine1, 2. Vitamin B6 performs a wide variety of functions in your body and is essential for your good health. For example, vitamin B6 is needed for more than 100 enzymes involved in protein metabolism. Vitamin B6 is also essential for red blood cell metabolism. The nervous and immune systems need vitamin B6 to function efficiently,3-6 and Vitamin B6 is also needed for the conversion of tryptophan (an amino acid) to niacin (a vitamin)1, 7.. Hemoglobin within red blood cells carries oxygen to tissues. Your body needs vitamin B6 to make hemoglobin. Vitamin B6 also helps increase the amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin. A vitamin B6 deficiency can result in a form of anemia1 that is similar to iron deficiency anemia. An immune response is a broad term that describes a variety of biochemical changes that occur in an effort to fight off infections. Calories, protein, vitamins, and ...
http://discount-vitamins-herbs.net/vitamin_b6.htm
Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B2 crystals, LM - Stock Image F017/4026 - Science Photo LibraryVitamin B6 and Vitamin B2 crystals, LM - Stock Image F017/4026 - Science Photo Library
Light micrograph (LM) of Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) crystals. Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin that is needed for more than 100 enzymes involved in protein metabolism. It is also essential for red blood cell metabolism. The nervous and immune systems need vitamin B6 to function efficiently, and it is also needed for the conversion of tryptophan to niacin (Vitamin B3). Vitamin B6 deficiency can result in pyroluria. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a soluble and heat stable factor in B complex vitamins. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and for regulating human growth and reproduction. Riboflavin also helps in the prevention or treatment of many types of eye disorders, including some cases of cataracts. Magnification: x25 when shortest axis printed - Stock Image F017/4026
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/816554/view
The Benefits of Vitamin B12 / Nutrition / Vitamins and MineralsThe Benefits of Vitamin B12 / Nutrition / Vitamins and Minerals
Vitamin B12 is one of the most popular vitamin supplements. Because it is relatively cheap and carries a ton of benefits with it, you may want to consider taking more vitamin B12 on a regular basis. However, there are some things to keep in mind when taking vitamin B12 as a supplement. For instance, vitamin B12 is not dissolved as well by the body in pill form as it is when its placed directly under the tongue and allowed to dissolve into your blood stream. There are also different types of vitamin B12 out there.. You should try to take methyl vitamin B12 because its known to be better for you and more likely to help raise the vitamin B12 in your body. By taking vitamin B12 more often, there are a variety of benefits that you will receive. Here are some of the ways that vitamin B12 can help you and your body.. Helps Produce DNA in Your Body. Your DNA is what makes you unique and individual from any other person. DNA also provides the genes that lay within each and every one of your cells. ...
https://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/vitamins-minerals/the-benefits-of-vitamin-b12.html
Vitamin b12 doppelherz - Slimming tea mustika ratu
DOPPELHERZ Vitamin B12 Tabletten - Günstig und schnell Ab 20€ Gratis Versand Natürlich bestelle ich hier!.. DOPPELHERZ Vitamin B12 Plus system Trinkampullen: Order drugs for cheap with versandApo. No delivery costs from 20 € on, price comparison, toll free hotline.28 FOOD FORTIFICATION WITH VITAMIN B12 Teo Quay, Yvonne Lamers Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia.. Solution for injection. Active substance: Cyanocobalamin. 10 ampoules each containing 1 ml. Vitamin B12 functions as a cofactor of enzymes in the mitochondria and is.Vitamin B12 is chemically perceived as the largest and most complex vitamin. This water-soluble vitamin is microbiologically produced in the digestive tract of.INTRODUCTION. The diagnostic evaluation and treatment of the patient with suspected vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl) or folate deficiency will be reviewed here.In cases of verified intestinal malabsorption of vitamin B12,. Vitamin B 12 Sanum is injected. ...
http://e-jual.tk/gomoh/vitamin-b12-doppelherz-3346.php
Hepatic fungal infection in a young beagle with unrecognised hereditary cobalamin deficiency (Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome) -...Hepatic fungal infection in a young beagle with unrecognised hereditary cobalamin deficiency (Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome) -...
A 12-month-old beagle presented for anorexia, pyrexia and vomiting. The dog had been treated intermittently with antibiotics and corticosteroids for inappetence and lethargy since five months of age. Previous laboratory abnormalities included macrocytosis and neutropenia. At presentation, the dog was lethargic, febrile and thin. Laboratory examination findings included anaemia, a left shift, thrombocytopenia, hypoglycaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia. Multiple, small, hypoechoic, round hepatic lesions were observed on abdominal ultrasound. Cytological examination of hepatic fine needle aspirates revealed a fungal infection and associated pyogranulomatous inflammation. The dogs general condition deteriorated despite supportive measures and treatment with fluconazole, and owners opted for euthanasia before hypocobalaminaemia was identified. Subsequent genomic analysis revealed a CUBN:c.786delC mutation in a homozygous state, confirming hereditary cobalamin malabsorption (Imerslund-Gräsbeck ...
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/98807/
b6 neurotransmitters - Der Vitamin B Komplex - Tjotr
Neurotransmitters: Vitamin B 6 is a cofactor in the synthesis of neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Affecting alertness, cognition , memory and mood. Mood : Vitamin B 6 helps increase brain serotonin and dopamine levels.. Vitamin B6 refers to a group of chemically similar compounds which can be interconverted in biological systems. Vitamin B6 is part of the vitamin B group of essential nutrients. Its active form, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, serves as a coenzyme in some 100 enzyme reactions in ATC code: A11HA02. Vitamin-B6-Mangel. Bei unzureichender Versorgung mit Pyridoxin kann es früh zu einem Vitamin-B6-Mangel kommen. Schon nach etwa zwei bis sechs Wochen sind die Pyridoxin-Speicher des menschlichen Körpers gänzlich erschöpft, weil Vitamin B6 aufgrund seiner Wasserlöslichkeit nur kurzzeitig im Körper gespeichert werden kann.. Top 11 Vitamin B6 Benefits 1. Maintains Healthy Blood Vessels. Vitamin B6 is needed to regulate levels of a compound called ...
http://www.zcvkemr.xyz/b6-neurotransmitters-der-vitamin-b-komplex.html
Vitamin B12 key to brain health - Nutrition Express ArticlesVitamin B12 key to brain health - Nutrition Express Articles
New studies link vitamin B12 to normal brain size and healthy mental function, and link inflammation to mental decline. In a study of brain size, doctors explained that the brain can shrink (atrophy) and as it does, risk for Alzheimers disease and other mental decline rises. Researchers measured blood levels of vitamin B12 in 107 men and women, aged 61 to 87, who functioned well physically and mentally. They found that those with low vitamin B12 levels were six times more likely to have brain atrophy than were those with higher vitamin B12 levels. Doctors noted that, Many factors that affect brain health were thought to be out of our control, but this study suggests that by simply adjusting our diets to consume more vitamin B12, we may be able to prevent brain shrinkage and perhaps save our memory. In a mental health study, researchers measured vitamin B12 blood levels in more than 1,600 older adults and followed up for 10 years. Mental function declined in some younger participants but ...
https://www.nutritionexpress.com/article+index/authors/newsletter+editor/2009+newsletters/january+2009/showarticle.aspx?articleid=1043
Vitamin B12 May Reduce Risk of Alzheimers DiseaseVitamin B12 May Reduce Risk of Alzheimers Disease
For the seven-year study, researchers took blood samples from 271 Finnish people age 65 to 79 who did not have dementia at the start of the study. During that time, 17 people developed Alzheimers disease. Blood samples were tested for levels for homocysteine, an amino acid associated with vitamin B12, and for levels of the active portion of the vitamin, called holotranscobalamin. Too much homocysteine in the blood has been linked to negative effects on the brain, such as stroke. However, higher levels of vitamin B12 can lower homocysteine.. The study found that for each micromolar increase in the concentration of homocysteine, the risk of Alzheimers disease increased by 16 percent, whereas each picomolar increase in concentration of the active form of vitamin B12 reduced risk by two percent. The results stayed the same after taking into account other factors, such as age, gender, education, smoking status, blood pressure and body mass index. The addition of folate did not appear to raise or ...
http://www.innovations-report.com/hrml/reports/studies/vitamin-b12-reduce-risk-alzheimer-s-disease-163879.html
Vitamin B12 Deficiency | SPRINGVitamin B12 Deficiency | SPRING
Vitamin B12 deficiency usually occurs when the intake of vitamin B12 is insufficient-which is found only in animal source foods or in fortified foods or supplements. Vitamin B12 deficiency can also be caused by poor absorption or excessive loss of the vitamin. A severe deficiency of vitamin B12, which is required for the synthesis of red blood cells, results in megaloblastic
https://www.spring-nutrition.org/publications/series/understanding-anemia/causes-anemia/micronutrient-deficiencies/vitamin-b12
Reason Why Vitamin B12 Should Be An Essential Part Of Your Diet; Sings And Symptoms Of Vitamin B12 Deficiency And Food SourcesReason Why Vitamin B12 Should Be An Essential Part Of Your Diet; Sings And Symptoms Of Vitamin B12 Deficiency And Food Sources
Vitamin B12 is necessary for the body in various ways. It supports various vital functions inside the body. Here are some reasons why vitamin B12 should be an essential part of your diet. Also, know symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency and foods rich in vitamin B12.
https://doctor.ndtv.com/living-healthy/reason-why-vitamin-b12-should-be-an-essential-part-of-your-diet-sings-and-symptoms-of-vitamin-b12-de-2138922
Signs of Vitamin B3 DeficiencySigns of Vitamin B3 Deficiency
Vitamin B3 is also known as Niacin. Vitamin B3 is a water soluble nutrient. It is another important member of the B-complex family. Vitamin B3 facilitates the processes involved in metabolizing fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Vitamin B3 is found in a large variety of foods in small amounts. However, large amounts of vitamin B3 can be found in meat and dairy products.
https://www.newsmax.com/fastfeatures/vitamin-b3-deficiency-signs/2011/01/05/id/381976/
Diagnosis of Vitamin B12 Deficiency | Vitamin B12 DeficiencyDiagnosis of Vitamin B12 Deficiency | Vitamin B12 Deficiency
As the symptoms of B12 deficiency are non-specific, diagnosis becomes difficult without proper testing. If your doctor suspects vitamin B12 deficiency, he or she may recommend testing of serum vitamin B12 levels, complete blood count (CBC) and periph
http://www.onlymyhealth.com/diagnosis-vitamin-b-deficiency-12977601488
Vitamin B12 Test Discount | Price for Vitamin B-12 Deficiency Test 2017Vitamin B12 Test Discount | Price for Vitamin B-12 Deficiency Test 2017
Vitamin B12 Price with Home Sample Collection - Rs.420. The original price for Vitamin B 12 test price is 420. This discounted test is special price for UPto75.com customers. Test your Vitamin B-12 deficiency today. Download the Vitamin B12 Test Coupon today.
http://www.upto75.com/discount-coupons-india/7239/thyrocare-coupons.html
vitamin b12 - vitamin b12 injections - b12 vitamins « ANY LAB TEST NOW - Clearwater
Vitamin B12 properly maintains your nervous system and helps to keep nerve cells healthy. This in turn keeps your brain functioning the way it should. B vitamins also assist in the production and regulation of DNA, which is present in every cell in your body. Since this nutrient is also a very strong antioxidant, it helps fight off free radicals which can lead to cancer. It is important that your body gets some vitamin B12 every day. It helps metabolize the food you eat so you can utilize it for energy. It does this by helping turn the carbohydrates in your food to glucose. When glucose is released into your system, it gives you energy. Many people who struggle with fatigue and low energy often have a vitamin B12 deficiency ...
http://www.anylabtest-clearwater.com/blood-test/vitaminb12
Herbs Contain Vitamin B 12Herbs Contain Vitamin B 12
Vitamin B 12 helps to maintain a healthy digestive system. It improves the Cholesterol level which protects from Heart Disease and High Blood Pressure. Vitamin B 12 improves the health and growth of the Hair. It keeps the Hair soft and shiny. It repairs the cells which make the Skin flawless and slows down the ageing process. Vitamin B 12 treats Alzheimer and Dementia by decreasing the bodys ability to metabolize neurotransmitters. It reduces Fatigue and gives relief from Stress. Vitamin B 12 helps the body to absorb Folic Acid which boosts the Metabolism. It also helps to prevent cancer ...
https://herbpathy.com/Herbs-Contain-Vitamin-B-12-Cid534
A Randomized Phase III Study of Vitamins B6 and B12 to Prevent Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy in Cancer Patients - Study...A Randomized Phase III Study of Vitamins B6 and B12 to Prevent Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy in Cancer Patients - Study...
Multivitamin, plus Vitamin B6 tablets and Vitamin B12 injections. Multivitamin + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6: As in Arm 1, one multivitamin pill will be taken orally, daily starting on the first day of chemotherapy and continuing for no more than 30 days past the cumulative chemotherapy dose (until the next cycle starts).. The patient will also take the following, starting on the first day of chemotherapy:. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT00659269
Vitamin B6 - Vitamin B6 Manufacturers, Suppliers & DealersVitamin B6 - Vitamin B6 Manufacturers, Suppliers & Dealers
Get listings of vitamin b6, vitamin b6 suppliers, manufacturers, dealers, traders and exporters. Browse vitamin b6 price, specification, ratings and reviews at one place.
https://www.tradeindia.com/manufacturers/vitamin-b6.html
Iron Supplements, Vitamin B12 and Your Fitness - Fitness ReviewIron Supplements, Vitamin B12 and Your Fitness - Fitness Review
Vitamin B12 is also known as cobalamin and is a water-soluble vitamin. B12 is part of the B group of vitamins which is necessary for healthy skin, hair, eyes and a healthy liver, while vitamin B12 itself will help in maintaining red blood cells and healthy nerve cells while also ensuring a proper immune function, while also assisting in the production of DNA.. B12 is found in animal foods such as fish, dairy products, eggs and various types of meat. This is the reason why vegetarians can be prone to a B12 deficiency. There are a number of effects which a B12 deficiency can lead to and some of these are outside of the fitness realm, such as vision problems and mood swings and disturbances.. When it comes to fitness, there are a number of reasons why a B12 deficiency can have an effect. Symptoms include muscle weakness, fatigue and shaky movements. The reason for this is because B12 will assist your body in converting carbohydrates into glucose, which the body will use to give you energy. So even ...
http://fitnessreview.co.uk/iron-supplements-vitamin-b12-fitness/
The Importance of Vitamin B 12 - The Lee Clinic
Active methylcobalamin form of vitamin B12. All B vitamins help the body convert food into fuel which produces energy. Vitamin B 12 is an important vitamin for maintaining healthy nerve cells and aids in the production of DNA and RNA. Vitamin B12 works with folic acid to help make red blood cells. Older adults may be
https://theleeclinic.com/blogs/news/16786797-the-importance-of-vitamin-b-12
Vitamin B12 Testing Cost | Quest - Find Lab Tests Online
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Vitamin B12 Testing Cost (Quest). Get know how much does Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) lab test cost. Direct access testing with or without insurance.
https://www.findlabtest.com/lab-test/vitamin-deficiency-test/vitamin-b12-testing-cost-quest-927
vitamin b12 dreamsvitamin b12 dreams
One of the benefits I noted above was that Vitamin B enhances nervous system function - that could be a problem for some people. In order to have vitamin B6 dreams you need to take about 75mg of the vitamin. Vitamin B6 is usually sold in 2mg doses for a reason; you are not supposed to overload your system with it! An overdose of B6 can cause a temporary deadening of certain nerves such as the proprioceptory nerves; causing a feeling of disembodiment - this is not a function of lucid dreaming and is NOT a good thing!. The best choice would be to get something that contains the ingredients you want in a dosage that has been verified and recommended. For this reason, Lucidia might have the lucid dreaming vitamins and/or that will benefit your lucid dreaming adventures, without having to put yourself in jeopardy of going to sleep and never waking up. . . Click Here If you want to gain a deeper understanding of your dreams, or start a journey of self discovery through your own personal dream analysis ...
http://www.reawakener.com/tag/vitamin-b12-dreams/
Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with adverse lipid profile in Europeans and Indians with type 2 diabetes :...Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with adverse lipid profile in Europeans and Indians with type 2 diabetes :...
Results. The prevalence rates of vitamin B12 deficiency (,191 ng/L) were 27% and 12% in Europeans and Indians, respectively and higher in metformin treated type 2 diabetes patients. In linear regression analysis, after adjusting for all likely confounding factors, vitamin B12 independently associated with triglycerides in both the populations and cholesterol/HDL ratio in Indians. Logistic regression showed type 2 diabetes patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were at significantly higher odds of having coexisting coronary artery disease (CAD) in Europeans with similar but non-significant trend in Indians, after adjusting for all likely confounding factors ...
https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9z935/vitamin-b12-deficiency-is-associated-with-adverse-lipid-profile-in-europeans-and-indians-with-type-2-diabetes
L-Methylfolate Benefits (depression, etc.) + Side Effects - Nature Knows - Natural NootropicsL-Methylfolate Benefits (depression, etc.) + Side Effects - Nature Knows - Natural Nootropics
Vitamin B12 is part of the Vitamin B complex. It is considered to be a Painkilling vitamin. It helps DNA production, cardiovascular support, and energy metabolism. In this post, learn more about Vitamin B12, its functions, causes of deficiencies, as well as foods and other sources so you can better incorporate B12 into your life.. Vitamin B12 is a very important marker to monitor, especially if you havent been leading the best lifestyle or you have known chronic health issues.. Vitamin B12, also referred to as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin [1].. It contributes to the successful synthesis of DNA, the normal functioning of the nervous system, and the production of energy [2].. The liver is the main site of storage of vitamin B12 in the human body [3]. Humans can obtain vitamin B from dietary sources, fortified foods, and supplements [4, 5, 6].. It can take the form of cyano-, hydroxyl, methyl, and deoxy adenosyl-cobalamin [7].. Cyanocobalamin, the most stable and unnatural form of ...
https://www.natureknowsproducts.com/l-methylfolate-benefits-depression-etc-side-effects/
Vitamin B12 Foods - HealthVitamin B12 Foods - Health
Think you might have a vitamin B12 deficiency? These are the best foods to eat for vitamin B12. Fill your plate with these vitamin B12-rich foods for
https://www.health.com/nutrition/vitamin-b12-foods
Vitamin B6, 100 mg, Tablets - WegmansVitamin B6, 100 mg, Tablets - Wegmans
Dietary Supplement. Supports energy metabolism & nervous system health. Balanced health. Vitamin B6 is important for fat and amino acid metabolism and facilitates the release of glycogen for energy production. Vitamin B6 is important for fat and amino acid metabolism and facilitates the release of glycogen for energy production. Vitamin B6 helps convert food into energy, promotes healthy nerves and muscles, and enhances the immune system. No artificial colors or flavors, no sugar, no wheat, no preservatives, dairy free. This TopCare product is laboratory tested to guarantee its highest quality. Your total satisfaction is guaranteed. Questions? 1-888-423-0139. (These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.). ...
https://www.wegmans.com/products/health-and-wellness/vitamins-and-supplements/supplements/vitamin-b6-100-mg-tablets-630946.html
Avitale Vitamin B12 200 mcg - Online Shop with Best PricesAvitale Vitamin B12 200 mcg - Online Shop with Best Prices
AVITALE Vitamin B12 200 mcg 30 ml • Dietary Supplements MZ-Store.co.uk • Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 200 mcg - 44 ••• CHECK IT!
https://www.muscle-zone.com/b12-cobalamin/avitale-witamina-b12-200-mcg-30-ml
Top 10 Vitamin B6 Foods, Benefits + Vitamin B6 Recipes - Dr. AxeTop 10 Vitamin B6 Foods, Benefits + Vitamin B6 Recipes - Dr. Axe
Vitamin B6 supports a healthy immune system, heart health, and plays a part in memory and mental performance. Try these top 10 Vitamin B6 foods today!
https://draxe.com/top-10-vitamin-b6-foods/
Vitamin B1 - What is it? Sources, What are the Benefits? | Health TipsVitamin B1 - What is it? Sources, What are the Benefits? | Health Tips
Vitamina b1 o que é? Benefícios da Vitamina b1? As Deficiências da vitamina b1 e Alimentos Ricos em Vitamina b1 confira essa ANALISE COMPLETA! ( Vitamin b1: what is it? What are the benefits? The lack of VITAMIN b1 and foods high in vitamin b1. Check it out)
https://www.tipshealthline.com/vitamin-b1-what-is-it-sources-what-are-the-benefits/
27 Amazing Benefits of Vitamin B1227 Amazing Benefits of Vitamin B12
Sometimes our body is not able to absorb the Vitamin well, mainly because of defective absorption in the digestive system. This can happen with a person suffering from anemia, Crohns disease, bacteria growth in intestine and or due to worms.It is rare for young people to be deficient in Vitamin B 12 and more likely for older people to be mildly deficient. This may be because their diet is not sufficiently healthy or because they have depleted production of stomach acids which the body needs to absorb Vitamin B 12. However, it is rather difficult to identify a vitamin deficiency as the symptoms dont present themselves duringthe early stages. ...
http://healthandbeauty4ever.blogspot.com/2014/11/27-amazing-benefits-of-vitamin-b12.html
Vitamin b12 binding capacityunsat - Doctors answer your questionsVitamin b12 binding capacityunsat - Doctors answer your questions
Doctors give trusted answers on uses, effects, side-effects, and cautions: Dr. Sneid on vitamin b12 binding capacityunsat: Very few. Unsaturated plant fats may help increase HDL a little, as will small amounts of alcohol. Vitamin d is made in your skin in response to light exposure. It is found in many foods, such as dairy products, but most are supplemented. Vitamin B12 is in most animal derived products, but is hard to be deficient in unless you have chronic stomach or intestinal problems or prior GI surgery.
https://www.healthtap.com/topics/vitamin-b12-binding-capacityunsat
The serum B12 test | Stichting B12 TekortThe serum B12 test | Stichting B12 Tekort
The serum B12 test is still widely used as thé test to confirm or rule out a vitamin B12 deficiency. However, a normal value cannot rule out a B12 deficiency.
https://stichtingb12tekort.nl/english/serumb12/
A Guide to Vitamin B12 SupplementsA Guide to Vitamin B12 Supplements
In January, I wrote 2 articles on Vitamin B12 Deficiency Debate and Why is Vitamin B12 the Scapegoat. Mitch Pellecchia of VitaCost.com submitted this artic
http://speedendurance.com/2008/04/24/a-guide-to-vitamin-b12-supplements/
Solgar Vitamin B12 | News, Reviews, & Prices at PricePlowSolgar Vitamin B12 | News, Reviews, & Prices at PricePlow
Compare prices and save on Solgar Vitamin B12! You can shop with confidence - the best deal on Vitamin B12 by Solgar is here at PricePlow!
https://www.priceplow.com/solgar/vitamin-b12
CBD Capsules With Vitamin B12 - DrwatsoncbdCBD Capsules With Vitamin B12 - Drwatsoncbd
An exact dose of CBD with added vitamin B12, the ideal daily supplement.20mg of pure CBD infused with the recommended daily allowance of vitamin B12, which supports energy levels and helps you maintain your health. 30 capsules per container 20mg per capsule / 600 per container Supplemented with Vitamin B-12 Flavourless
https://drwatsoncbd.com/collections/frontpage/products/cbd-and-vitamin-b12-capsules
Vitamin B Therapy, Vitamin B-12 Injection | Greenwood Village, COVitamin B Therapy, Vitamin B-12 Injection | Greenwood Village, CO
Give your body the tools it needs when you schedule vitamin B therapy from Howard Flamm. Contact him in Greenwood Village, CO, for a vitamin B-12 injection.
http://slimdown4life.com/vitamin-b-treatments/
Important Information about Vitamin B12 Deficiency - VCMBC
Vitamin B12 deficiency is a condition that needs to be treated promptly to avoid the development of serious complications, such as depression and dementia.. Lacking an adequate amount of red blood cells in the body can be due to a deficiency in vitamin B12.. The duty of red blood cells is very important as they carry oxygen to the different body tissues and at the same time remove the carbon dioxide from them.. Not having enough red blood cells to do all the work can make a person feel fatigued and suffer from shortness of breath.. ...
http://www.vcmbc.com/important-information-about-vitamin-b12-deficiency/
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Treatment in Valley Village, CA
Vitamin B12 deficiency testing, diagnosis, and treatment center in Valley Village, CA. Expert vitamin B12 deficiency treatment and prevention are available now.
https://www.internal-medicine-centers.com/valley-village/ca/vitamin-b12-deficiency.html
Best Vitamin B12 Supplement OnlineBest Vitamin B12 Supplement Online
The best Vitamin B12 supplement, including Vitamin B12 Canada and B12 shots Canada for cobalamin and general brain health supplements and nervous system support
https://www.yeswellness.com/vitamins-minerals/vitamins-a-k/vitamin-b/best-vitamin-b12-supplement/?_bc_fsnf=1&brand%5B%5D=1842&brand%5B%5D=1579&brand%5B%5D=1889&brand%5B%5D=1621
Why it is very important that your Vitamin B12 levels are in check! - Capital LifestyleWhy it is very important that your Vitamin B12 levels are in check! - Capital Lifestyle
If you are not getting enough vitamin B12 (also known as Cobalamin) then your health may be in trouble as Vitamin B12 plays a vital role in your overall h A global lifestyle platform for digital storytelling, premiering exclusive daily content. We are a curated destination for the culturally curious, a point of reference for leaders in media and style, and a platform committed to all things living.
https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/lifestyle/2014/10/10/why-it-is-very-important-that-your-vitamin-b12-levels-are-in-check/
VITAMIN B12 - 1000MCG STRONGEST PHARMA GRADE - FATIGUE TIREDNESS IMMUNE STRENGTH 5060349001958 | eBayVITAMIN B12 - 1000MCG STRONGEST PHARMA GRADE - FATIGUE TIREDNESS IMMUNE STRENGTH 5060349001958 | eBay
What are the ingredients of BioPharmXâ„¢ Vitamin B12?. Each tablet contains 10.5mg of pure certified and premium pharmaceutical grade Cyanocobalamin, providing 1000mcg of Vitamin B12 (40,000% NRV). This is the MAXIMUM dosage available from just one tablet, you simply cannot find better elsewhere!
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Vitamin B2 | Intercell Pharma | Therapeutic nutritional medicineVitamin B2 | Intercell Pharma | Therapeutic nutritional medicine
The primary biologically active forms of vitamin B2 are flavin-mono-nucleotide (FMN) and flavin-adenine-dinucleotide (FAD). In the cell metabolism they acts as hydrogen-conveying coenzymes and contribute to a normal energy metabolism, reduction in tiredness and fatigue and the normal function of the nervous system. The vitamin also contributes to the maintenance of normal skin and mucous membranes and the red blood cells. Vitamin B2 is also a biologically active antioxidant system contributing towards protecting the cells against oxidative stress. It also supports normal vision ...
https://intercell-pharma.de/index.php/en/active-ingredients/micronutrients/vitamine/vitamin-b2
Treating a Vitamin B12 Deficiency | St. Barnabas Health SystemTreating a Vitamin B12 Deficiency | St. Barnabas Health System
Vitamin B12 plays an integral role in the functioning of many of the bodys systems. We have provided tips on how to treat your vitamin B12 deficiency. Learn more
https://stbarnabashealthsystem.com/blog/how-to-treat-a-vitamin-b12-deficiency/
Vegetology Vitamin B12 - 1000mcg - Shop VeganVegetology Vitamin B12 - 1000mcg - Shop Vegan
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Best way to absorb vitamin b12 - Things You Didnt KnowBest way to absorb vitamin b12 - Things You Didnt Know
Best way to absorb vitamin b12 - Whats the best way to get vitamin b12? Meat, supplements. The best dietary source of B12 is, surprisingly, clams. Beef liver is another good source, though I would only eat this if organic. Salmon & other fish, beef, dairy & eggs are also good sources. Many grains & cereals are fortified with b12. The most reliable vegan source is nutritional yeast but I advise vegans to take a B12 supp. See http://ods. Od.Nih. Gov/factsheets/vitaminb12-healthprofessional/.
https://www.healthtap.com/topics/best-way-to-absorb-vitamin-b12
Vitamin B12 Concerns and Supplementation
A misconception of vitamin B12 is that it is manufactured by animals. This is false. Animals nor plants are able to synthesize B12.7 It is actually manufactured by bacteria-some of which may be found in the guts of animals that people eat. Therefore, a certain amount of B12 may be obtained by eating animal products, however due to the various health concerns of eating these foods, I advise taking a vegan B12 supplement. Cereals fortified with vitamin B12 are another dependable source.8 A persons ability to absorb B12 through animal sources is low and these are not very reliable sources anyway.8 People with the highest B12 levels in their blood are those who regularly take B12 supplements or eat B12 fortified food, not the people who consume the most meat.5 ...
http://blog.gentilefamilydpc.com/2019/12/gbites-vitamin-b12-concerns-and.html?showComment=1621771063596
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Vitamin B12 deficiencyVitamin B12 deficiency
Severe vitamin B12 deficiency can damage nerve cells. If this happens, vitamin B12 deficiency may result in sense loss, loss of ... If vitamin B12 deficiency exists with folate deficiency, vitamin B12 should be replaced first to prevent subacute combined ... "Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia , Michigan Medicine". www.uofmhealth.org. Retrieved 2021-10-08. "How a Vitamin B Deficiency ... "Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Disorders of Nutrition". MSD Manual Consumer Version. Retrieved 2021-10-15. "Vitamin B12 Deficiency: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12_deficiency
Vitamin A deficiencyVitamin A deficiency
... such as for fortified rice or vitamin A-rich sweet potato, may be more effective in eradicating vitamin A deficiency. "Vitamin ... Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995-2005, WHO global database on vitamin A deficiency. Black ... Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) or hypovitaminosis A is a lack of vitamin A in blood and tissues. It is common in poorer countries, ... Other causes of vitamin A deficiency are inadequate intake, fat malabsorption, or liver disorders. Deficiency impairs immunity ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A_deficiency
Vitamin D deficiencyVitamin D deficiency
Evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with impaired immune function. Those with vitamin D deficiency ... Vitamin D deficiency can also be caused by inadequate nutritional intake of vitamin D; disorders that limit vitamin D ... Vitamin D deficiency or hypovitaminosis D is a vitamin D level that is below normal. It most commonly occurs in people when ... Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of schizophrenia. Vitamin D can be synthesized in the skin under the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D_deficiency
Familial isolated vitamin E deficiencyFamilial isolated vitamin E deficiency
Vitamin E deficiency TTPA "Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2017-01-19. Doerflinger N, Linder C, ... Familial isolated vitamin E deficiency or Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a rare autosomal recessive ... "Ataxia with Vitamin E Deficiency". NCBI Bookshelf. PMID 20301419. Retrieved 2022-11-13. Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency at ... Familial isolated vitamin E deficiency is caused by mutations in the gene for a-tocopherol transfer protein. Symptoms manifest ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_isolated_vitamin_E_deficiency
Vitamin K deficiencyVitamin K deficiency
... results from insufficient dietary vitamin K1 or vitamin K2 or both. Symptoms include bruising, petechiae, ... The prevalence of vitamin K deficiency varies by geographic region. For infants in the United States, vitamin K1 deficiency ... Vitamin K is changed to its active form in the liver by the enzyme Vitamin K epoxide reductase. Activated vitamin K is then ... Vitamin K1-deficiency may occur by disturbed intestinal uptake (such as would occur in a bile duct obstruction), by therapeutic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K_deficiency
Vitamin K deficiency bleedingVitamin K deficiency bleeding
This combination can lead to vitamin K deficiency and later onset bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency leads to the risk of blood ... Newborns are relatively vitamin K deficient for a variety of reasons: They have low vitamin K stores at birth as vitamin K ... Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) of the newborn, previously known as haemorrhagic disease of the newborn, is a rare form of ... Classical VKDB is more common and caused by the relative deficiency at birth with inadequate vitamin K intake. This is often ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K_deficiency_bleeding
Vitamin deficiencyVitamin deficiency
... vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin E. As of 21 December 2018, 81 countries required food fortification ... Vitamin deficiency is the condition of a long-term lack of a vitamin. When caused by not enough vitamin intake it is classified ... "Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia , Michigan Medicine". www.uofmhealth.org. Retrieved 8 October 2021. "How a Vitamin B Deficiency ... Other B Vitamins (1998). "Vitamin B6". Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_deficiency
Vitamin B12Vitamin B12
"Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency: a systematic review of randomized controlled ... Vitamin B12 deficiency has been observed in between 40% and 80% of the vegetarian population who do not also take a vitamin B12 ... Severe vitamin B12 deficiency is corrected with frequent intramuscular injections of large doses of the vitamin, followed by ... Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. It is one of eight B vitamins. It is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12
Parietal cellParietal cell
Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the diet. A long-term deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to ... "Vitamin B12 deficiency" (PDF). BMJ. 349: g5226. doi:10.1136/bmj.g5226. PMID 25189324. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 ... Atrophic gastritis, particularly in the elderly, will cause an inability to absorb B12 and can lead to deficiencies such as ... In pernicious anemia, autoantibodies directed against parietal cells or intrinsic factor cause a reduction in vitamin B12 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cell
Vitamin D deficiency in AustraliaVitamin D deficiency in Australia
"VItamin D in Australia" (PDF). "Vitamin D deficiency and multicultural Australia". The Medical Journal of Australia. 2001. ... Vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D Sun exposure "Australian Health Survey: Biomedical Results for Nutrients, 2011-12" (PDF). ... they were considered safe from a deficiency. Nowadays through technological advancements Vitamin D deficiencies are now ... Moderate deficiency: 13 - 29nmol/L •Severe deficiency: < 13 nmol/L In 1997, the prevalence of deficiency, defined as < 50 years ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D_deficiency_in_Australia
Causes of seizuresCauses of seizures
Vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine deficiency) was reported to cause seizures, especially in alcoholics. Vitamin B6 depletion ( ... pyridoxine deficiency) was reported to be associated with pyridoxine-dependent seizures. Vitamin B12 deficiency was reported to ... Yavuz, Halûk (2008). "Vitamin B12 deficiency and seizures". Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 50 (9): 720. doi: ... Kumar, S (2004). "Recurrent seizures: an unusual manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency". Neurology India. 52 (1): 122-3. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_seizures
Nail (anatomy)Nail (anatomy)
Langan, Robert C.; Zawistoski, Kimberly J. (15 June 2011). "Update on Vitamin B12 Deficiency". American Family Physician. 83 ( ... average 1.6 mm (0.063 in) a month). Fingernails require three to six months to regrow completely, and toenails require twelve ... A lack of vitamin A, vitamin D, or calcium can cause dryness and brittleness. Insufficient vitamin B12 can lead to excessive ... Iron-deficiency anemia can lead to a pale color along with a thin, brittle, ridged texture. Iron deficiency in general may ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)
List of micronutrientsList of micronutrients
"Vitamins and Minerals". National Institute on Aging. Retrieved 2020-05-12. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition ... Wada Osamu (2004). "What are Trace Elements? Their deficiency and excess states" (PDF). med.or.jp. JMAJ, Vol. 47, No. 8. ... Micronutrients are nutrients such as vitamins and minerals required by organisms in varying quantities throughout life to ... as a component of vitamin B12) Fluorine Iodine List of macronutrients List of phytochemicals in food Nutrient Nutrition Gernand ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_micronutrients
Death of Wolfgang Amadeus MozartDeath of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
274-8. Grant, William B.; Pilz, Stefan (June 2011). "Vitamin D deficiency contributed to Mozart's death". Medical Problems of ... it was suggested that Vitamin D deficiency could have played a role in Mozart's underlying medical conditions leading to his ... 12-14. Deutsch 1965, p. 418 The original French, given by Slonimsky 1960, p. 17, is "temps doux et brouillard frequent". ... 46 (1): 12-21. doi:10.1093/mq/XLVI.1.12. Stafford, William (1991). The Mozart Myths: A critical reassessment. Stanford, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart
PrimidonePrimidone
... usually folic acid deficiency; in one case Vitamin B12 deficiency and in one case Vitamin C deficiency. Some cases were ... Work done twelve years later found that the serum phenobarbital 0.111 mg/100 mL for every mg/kg of primidone ingested. Authors ... Additionally, a coagulation defect resembling Vitamin K deficiency has been observed in newborns of mothers taking primidone. ... Kidd, Patrick; David L. Mollin (October 26, 1957). "Megaloblastic Anaemia and Vitamin-B12 Deficiency After Anticonvulsant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primidone
Bleeding diathesisBleeding diathesis
ISBN 0-397-51690-8, ISBN 978-0-397-51690-2. 446 pages Vitamin K Deficiency eMedicine. Author: Pankaj Patel, MD. Coauthor(s): ... XI and XII. The analysis of both tests thus helps to diagnose certain disorders. Blood transfusion involves the transfer of ... Vitamins (K, P and C) are essential in case of obstruction to walls of blood vessels. Also, vitamin K is required for the ... vitamin K deficiency and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Additionally, the hemotoxic venom from certain species of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding_diathesis
Progressive retinal atrophyProgressive retinal atrophy
Vitamin E deficiency may play a role in the development of CPRA. It is characterized by accumulation of pigment spots in the ... Norwegian Elkhound - Night blindness by six weeks old, blind by twelve to eighteen months old. This is caused by an abnormal ... Davidson M, Geoly F, Gilger B, McLellan G, Whitley W (1998). "Retinal degeneration associated with vitamin E deficiency in ... Retrieved 2019-12-21. Article on PRA Article on Cataracts (CS1 errors: generic name, Dog diseases, Disorders of choroid and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_retinal_atrophy
MetforminMetformin
Higher doses and prolonged use are associated with increased incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency, and some researchers ... Andrès E, Noel E, Goichot B (October 2002). "Metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency". Archives of Internal Medicine. 162 ( ... Gilligan MA (February 2002). "Metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency". Archives of Internal Medicine. 162 (4): 484-5. doi:10.1001 ... Ting RZ, Szeto CC, Chan MH, Ma KK, Chow KM (October 2006). "Risk factors of vitamin B(12) deficiency in patients receiving ...
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Antenatal depressionAntenatal depression
"Vitamin D Deficiency and Antenatal and Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review". Nutrients. 10 (4): 478. doi:10.3390/ ... Studies have determined that there may be a connection between antenatal and postpartum depression in women with lower vitamin ... 123 (12): 1973-1982. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13891. ISSN 1470-0328. PMC 5096244. PMID 26786413. Andrade C (2018). "Prenatal ... doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_9_16 (inactive 2022-12-04). ISSN 2277-9531. PMC 5561681. PMID 28852652.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI ...
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ManiaMania
"Cobalamin-responsive psychosis as the sole manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency". Israeli Medical Association Journal. 3: ... Furthermore, evidence indicates a B12 deficiency can also cause symptoms characteristic of mania and psychosis. Hyperthyroidism ... 12 (7): 741-52. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00866.x. PMC 3059222. PMID 21040291. Goodman, Brunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B ( ... 12 (1): 35-51. ISSN 0894-878X. PMID 10082332. Chopra, Amit; Tye, Susannah J.; Lee, Kendall H.; Sampson, Shirlene; Matsumoto, ...
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CyanocobalaminCyanocobalamin
"Clinical Vitamin B12 Deficiency. Managing Patients". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on ... Vitamin B12, Proceedings of the Third European Symposium on Vitamin B12 and Intrinsic Factor.: 1045-1054. "DSM in Food, ... Preparation of the reduced forms of vitamin B12 and of some analogs of the vitamin B12 coenzyme containing a cobalt-carbon bond ... B vitamins, Organocobalt compounds, Cofactors, Vitamin B12, Corrinoids, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanocobalamin
List of hematologic conditionsList of hematologic conditions
Mayo Clinic staff (March 4, 2011). "Vitamin deficiency anemia". Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Mayo Clinic ... "Folate-deficiency anemia". National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 31 January 2010. ... Hall, C. A. (November 1975). "Transcobalamins I and II as natural transport proteins of vitamin B12". J. Clin. Invest. 56 (5): ... Griffin JH, Evatt B, Zimmerman TS, Kleiss AJ, Wideman C (1981). "Deficiency of protein C in congenital thrombotic disease". J. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hematologic_conditions
Vitamin AVitamin A
"Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995-2005" (PDF). WHO global database on vitamin A deficiency ... The question was raised as to whether malaria causes vitamin A deficiency, or vitamin A deficiency contributes to the severity ... Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, a category that also includes vitamins D, E and K. The vitamin encompasses several ... indicates moderate vitamin A deficiency, and less than 0.35 μmol/L (10 μg/dL) indicates severe vitamin A deficiency. Breast ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A
Nitrous oxideNitrous oxide
It inactivates the cobalamin form of vitamin B12 by oxidation. Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency, including sensory neuropathy ... Vitamin B12 levels should be checked in people with risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency prior to using nitrous oxide ... Long-term exposure to nitrous oxide may cause vitamin B12 deficiency. This can cause serious neurotoxicity if the user has ... 1993). "Neurologic Degeneration Associated with Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia in Patients with Vitamin B12 Deficiency". Archives of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxide
C. Lockard ConleyC. Lockard Conley
He made significant contributions to developing a therapy for vitamin B-12 deficiency. In 1947 he discovered and described ... Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013. "C. Lockard Conley (1915-2010)". Legends in ...
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AdaptationAdaptation
Among domestic animals, the White Leghorn chicken is markedly more resistant to vitamin B1 deficiency than other breeds; on a ... Lamoreux, Wilfred F.; Hutt, Frederick B. (15 February 1939). "Breed differences in resistance to a deficiency in vitamin B1 in ... 282 (1): 6-12. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00711.x. Huxley 1942, p. 417 Huskins, C. Leonard (1930). "The origin of Spartina ... 12: 285-304. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.12.100183.001441. Endler 1986, pp. 33-51 Sober 1984, p. 210 Futuyma 1986, p. 552 Fisher ...
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MatokeMatoke
A potential food source for alleviating vitamin A deficiency" (PDF). Food and Nutrition Bulletin. The United Nations University ... Retrieved July 12, 2011. R. Birabwa; P.J.A. van Asten; I.N. Alou; G. Taulya (2010). "Got Matooke (Musa spp.) for Christmas?" ( ... African Crop Science Journal 12(1). Mgenzi, S.R.B., Mshaghuley, I.M., Staver, C. and Nkuba, J.M. 2005. A study on the analysis ... Retrieved July 12, 2011. Lois Englberger; Ian Darnton-Hill; Terry Coyne; Maureen H. Fitzgerald; Geoffrey C. Marks (2003). " ...
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Lakatan bananaLakatan banana
A potential food source for alleviating vitamin A deficiency" (PDF). Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 24, no. 4. The United ... Retrieved 12 January 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Michel H. Porcher; Prof. Snow Barlow ( ... The fruits can be harvested 8 to 12 months after planting. Lakatan is susceptible to the Banana Bunchy Top virus. Lakatan ... p. 3. ISBN 978-971-91751-3-1. Retrieved 2021-12-08. "BANANA" (PDF). Philippine Department of Agriculture. 2010. Retrieved 20 ...
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Vitamin E deficiencyVitamin E deficiency
There is a rare genetic condition termed isolated vitamin E deficiency or 'ataxia with isolated with vitamin E deficiency', ... Treatment is oral vitamin E supplementation. Familial isolated vitamin E deficiency Abetalipoproteinemia Tocopherol Institute ... Vitamin E deficiency in humans is a very rare condition, occurring as a consequence of abnormalities in dietary fat absorption ... Signs of vitamin E deficiency include the following: Neuromuscular problems - such as spinocerebellar ataxia and myopathies. ...
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ThiamineThiamine
March 2022). "Vitamin B Complex Deficiency After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy-a Systematic Review and Meta- ... September 2022). "B1 Vitamin Deficiency After Bariatric Surgery, Prevalence, and Symptoms: a Systematic Review and Meta- ... Thiamine is one of the B vitamins and is also known as vitamin B1. It is a cation that is usually supplied as a chloride salt. ... A meta-analysis reported that 27% of people who underwent bariatric surgeries experience vitamin B1 deficiency. Thiamine was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine
Pulmonary agenesisPulmonary agenesis
Congenital Malformations Induced in Rats by Maternal Vitamin A Deficiency: II. Effect of Varying the Preparatory Diet Upon the ... a theory was raised that vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy may cause pulmonary agenesis. Some authors have suggested ... researchers observed lung aplasia in animals that were fed with a diet deficient in vitamin A. From the result of this ... 31 (12): 2017-23. doi:10.7863/jum.2012.31.12.2017. PMID 23197556. S2CID 11325835. Pediatric critical care. Fuhrman, Bradley P ...
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Diseases of povertyDiseases of poverty
June 1994). "Maternal vitamin A deficiency and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1". Lancet. 343 (8913): 1593-7. doi:10.1016/ ... Increased mother-to-child transmission is related to specific deficiencies in micro-nutrients such as vitamin A. Further, ... Micro-nutrients such as iron and vitamin A can be delivered and provided at a very low cost. For example, vitamin A supplements ... and Severe Vitamin A Deficiency". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 175 (1): 57-62. doi:10.1093/infdis/175.1.57. PMC 3372419 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty
GreenpeaceGreenpeace
Golden Rice is a technical failure standing in way of real solutions for vitamin A deficiency Archived 28 April 2005 at the ... a precursor of pro-vitamin A in the edible parts of rice. The addition of beta-carotene to the rice is seen as preventive to ... A new version of Golden Rice with increased pro-vitamin A content. Nature Biotechnology 23:482-487. Militant Filipino farmers ... Neuman, William (12 December 2014). "Peru is Indignant After Greenpeace Makes Its Mark on Ancient Site". The New York Times. ...
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Food desertFood desert
The lack of access to fruits and vegetables often results in vitamin deficiencies, which eventually causes health problems for ... Such diseases include scurvy, which results from low vitamin C levels; rickets, from low vitamin D levels; and pellagra, from ... Protein, a good source of vitamin B and lasting energy, can be found in both plant and animal products. The USDA also suggests ... Regardless of daily caloric intake, those who do not eat foods that are rich in vitamins and nutrients are susceptible to ...
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Mineral (nutrient)Mineral (nutrient)
IN: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Chromium, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum ... Food portal Food composition Mineral deficiency Micronutrient Human nutrition Zoroddu MA, Aaseth J, Crisponi G, Medici S, Peana ... "Vitamin and mineral supplement fact sheets". Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. ... "Vitamin B-12 (µg)" (PDF). USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 28. 27 October 2015. Archived (PDF) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)
Zinc deficiencyZinc deficiency
442-501 in Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, ... Zinc deficiency affects about 2.2 billion people around the world. Severe zinc deficiency is rare, and is mainly seen in ... Zinc deficiency contributes to an increased incidence and severity of diarrhea. Zinc deficiency may lead to loss of appetite. ... Zinc deficiency may affect up to 2 billion people worldwide. Zinc deficiency may manifest as acne, eczema, xerosis (dry, ...
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Save the Children State of the Worlds Mothers reportSave the Children State of the World's Mothers report
Micronutrient deficiency - Micronutrient deficiency is when a child is lacking essential vitamins or minerals such as Vitamin A ... Vitamin A deficiencies can lead to partial and total blindness. Vitamin A costs 2 cents a dose and could reduce about 2% of ... of pregnant women don't get enough vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiencies are a contributing factor each year in 1.3 million deaths ... Vitamin A Approximately 190 million preschool-age children don't get enough vitamin A. Approximately 19 million (15%) ...
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Oral candidiasisOral candidiasis
Some sources state that deficiencies of vitamin A or pyridoxine are also linked. There is limited evidence that a diet high in ... Malnutrition, whether by malabsorption, or poor diet, especially hematinic deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, folic acid) can ... For example, iron deficiency anemia is thought to cause depressed cell-mediated immunity. ... p. 12. ISBN 9789350252147. Shah N, Ray JG, Kundu S, Sardana D (2017). "Surgical management of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis ...
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Sorby Research InstituteSorby Research Institute
A few experiments performed on vitamin deficiency, such as one conducted to determine the effects of Vitamin A deficiency and ... Early in 1941 twelve volunteers, pacifist conscientious objectors, recruited via the Sheffield Pacifist Service Unit, were ... The experiments into deficiency of vitamin A and vitamin C were particularly notable. However, other kinds of medical research ... However, the most important work of the Institute was into nutrition, particularly vitamin deficiency. In a period of severe ...
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Animal source foodsAnimal source foods
Kenyan School Children Have Multiple Micronutrient Deficiencies, but Increased plasma vitamin B12 is the only detectable ... Six micronutrients are richly found in ASF: vitamin A, vitamin B12, riboflavin (also called vitamin B2), calcium, iron and zinc ... 2003) Micronutrient Deficiencies and Cognitive Functioning. J. Nutr. 133: 3927S-3931S. Black MM. (2003) Micronutrients and ... Some of these effects, such as impaired cognitive development from an iron deficiency, are irreversible.[citation needed] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_source_foods
PorphyrinPorphyrin
The porphyria associated with the deficiency of each enzyme is also shown: A common synthesis for porphyrins is the Rothemund ... including vitamin B12, which is coordinated to a cobalt Corphins, the highly reduced porphyrin coordinated to nickel that binds ... 12 (32): 6145-6150. doi:10.1039/C4OB01018C. PMID 25002069. Lash TD (2011). "Origin of aromatic character in porphyrinoid ... November 2011). "Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells with cobalt (II/III)-based redox electrolyte exceed 12 percent efficiency". ...
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MeldoniumMeldonium
Vitamins Hormones. Vitamins & Hormones. Vol. 15. pp. 73-118. doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60508-7. ISBN 9780127098159. PMID ... "Development and characterization of an animal model of carnitine deficiency". Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (6): 1876-1887. doi:10.1046/ ... 12 (6): 275-279. doi:10.1016/s1050-1738(02)00175-5. PMID 12242052. Beitnere U, van Groen T, Kumar A, Jansone B, Klusa V, Kadish ... 17 (12): 1316-24. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.09.016. PMID 21168767. Tars K, Rumnieks J, Zeltins A, Kazaks A, Kotelovica S, ...
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Blood dopingBlood doping
Erythropoietin is only secreted in the kidneys when there is an O2 deficiency, as such, RBC manufacture is independent of the ... Particularly of note is the cobalt complex, cobalamin (Vitamin B12) commonly used as a dietary supplement. Cobalamin is an ... has shown that cobalamin has no effect on erythropoiesis in the absence of a red blood cell/oxygen deficiency. These results ... The test utilizes 12 antisera directed against the blood group antigens, obtained from donor plasma. The antigens are labeled ...
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Dementia with Lewy bodiesDementia with Lewy bodies
... and vitamin deficiencies. Typical dementia screening tests used are the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal ... To lessen the risk of fractures in individuals at risk for falls, bone mineral density screening and testing of vitamin D ... 11-12. Hogan et al. 2016, pp. S83-S95. Kosaka 2017, Asada T, Chapter 2, p. 17. Vann Jones & O'Brien 2014, sec. "Gender ... Retrieved April 12, 2018. Gomperts 2016, pp. 436-437. Karantzoulis & Galvin 2011, pp. 1582-1587. Tahami Monfared et al. 2019, ...
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Postpartum psychosisPostpartum psychosis
The cause is vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. This has been available for treatment and prevention since 1936, so the ... name="Cambridge 2017, p36-41." Williams R R, Cline J K (1936) Synthesis of vitamin B1. Journal of the American Chemical ... Anaemia is common in pregnancy and the puerperium, and folate deficiency has been linked to psychosis. The psychoses, mentioned ... Thornton W E (1977) Folate deficiency in puerperal psychosis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 129: 222-223. name ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_psychosis
Invasion of Minorca (1781)Invasion of Minorca (1781)
... now known to be caused by vitamin deficiency. Gradually, more and more of the soldiers showed serious symptoms, and at the ... This information was reported in two letters from General Murray, dated 12 and 13 November, which somehow got back to England ... The Spanish government renewed its alliance with France against Britain by means of the Treaty of Aranjuez (12 April 1779), ... Philip's Castle, with good pictures, cardona-pj.net - accessed 2007-12-15 Terrón Ponce, José L. Online versions of various ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Minorca_(1781)
Ingo PotrykusIngo Potrykus
Carotene Biosynthesis Pathway into Rice Endosperm by Genetic Engineering to Defeat Vitamin A Deficiency. J. Nutr. 132:506S-510 ... risk some level of vitamin A deficiency. This problem interested Potrykus for numerous reasons, including the scientific ... The most significant development so far has been the creation of golden rice, a new rice variety providing vitamin A. This ... Lucca P, Hurrell R, Potrykus I (2002) Fighting Iron Deficiency Anemia with Iron-Rich Rice. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 21:184S-190. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingo_Potrykus
VagotomyVagotomy
One potential side effect of vagotomy is a vitamin B12 deficiency. As vagotomy decreases gastric secretion, intrinsic factor ... Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin B12 efficiently from food, and injections or large oral doses of the vitamin may ... 144 (12): 5184-7. doi:10.1210/en.2003-1059. PMID 14525914. Boss, Thad J; Jeffrey Peters; Marco G Patti; Robert H Lustig; John G ... 9-12 April 2008. 22 (1 Supplement): 191-293. doi:10.1007/s00464-008-9822-2. S2CID 2660393. Retrieved 17 June 2013.{{cite ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagotomy
Peripheral neuropathyPeripheral neuropathy
Vitamin deficiency states: Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin), vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B1 (thiamin) Physical trauma: ... Hypothyroidism Porphyria Vitamin B12 deficiency Vitamin B6 excess Those with diseases or dysfunctions of their nerves may ... When peripheral neuropathy results from vitamin deficiencies or other disorders, those are treated as well. A range of ... Common causes include systemic diseases (such as diabetes or leprosy), hyperglycemia-induced glycation, vitamin deficiency, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy
Jean ApgarJean Apgar
"Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Parturition in the Rat" (1968) "Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Maintenance of Pregnancy in the Rat ... Apgar, Jean; Kramer, T. R.; Smith, J. Cecil (1995-04-01). "Marginal vitamin A intake during pregnancy in Guinea pigs: effect on ... She worked on important research on ribonucleic acids (RNA), and on zinc deficiency as a risk factor in reproduction. She won ... Apgar, Jean (1970-04-01). "Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Maintenance of Pregnancy in the Rat". The Journal of Nutrition. 100 (4 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Apgar
Seal brown (horse)Seal brown (horse)
Mineral and vitamin deficiencies can also contribute to a lighter coat, similar to sunbleaching. Black-pointed horses that are ... 12 (6): 450-455. doi:10.1007/s003350020017. PMID 11353392. S2CID 2012676. Sponenberg, D. Phillip; Bellone, Rebecca (2017). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_brown_(horse)
GlaucomaGlaucoma
No clear evidence indicates that vitamin deficiencies cause glaucoma in humans. As such, oral vitamin supplementation is not a ... 2: 12-15. Chaum E, et al. "A 5-year-old girl who failed her school vision screening. Case presentation of Persistent fetal ... 127 (12): 1642-1651. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.06.009. PMID 32540325. Xu L, Wang X, Wu M (February 2017). "Topical medication ... 12 (9). Aptel F, Dumas S, Denis P (2009). "Ultrasound biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging of filtering blebs ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma
Congenital blindnessCongenital blindness
Infection such as Ophtalmia neonatorum that happen during time of conception or intrauterine period Vitamin A deficiency ... 12 (31): 44-45. ISSN 0953-6833. PMC 1706015. PMID 17491999. Gilbert, Clare; Muhit, Mohammed (2008). "Twenty years of childhood ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_blindness
Dental health diets for dogsDental health diets for dogs
Vitamin D also plays a major role in calcium absorption and bone health because it helps to maintain calcium homeostasis and ... Deficiencies negatively impact parts of the teeth including the gingivae, periodontal ligaments and the alveolar bone, leading ... doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.2003.00398.x. Henrikson, P.A. (1968). "Periodontal disease and calcium deficiency. An experimental ... AAFCO also states that the maximum amount of vitamin D within a canine diet cannot exceed 3000 IU/kg. One of the main aims of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_health_diets_for_dogs
MycotoxinMycotoxin
Therefore, it is possible that vitamin deficiency, caloric deprivation, excessive alcohol use, and infectious disease status ... 113 (12): 1763-67. doi:10.1289/ehp.7998. PMC 1314917. PMID 16330360. Archived from the original on 2012-06-29. Jeswal P, Kumar ... Bibcode:2022PhSen..12..117C. doi:10.1007/s13320-021-0638-1. ISSN 2190-7439. S2CID 239220993. Ashiq S, Hussain M, Ahmad B (2014 ... Bibcode:2022PhSen..12..117C. doi:10.1007/s13320-021-0638-1. ISSN 2190-7439. S2CID 239220993. Bennett, J. W.; Klich, M (2003). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycotoxin
AceruloplasminemiaAceruloplasminemia
Antioxidants such as vitamin E can be used simultaneously to prevent tissue damage to the liver and pancreas. Human iron ... Copper deficiency in the brain results in neurological problems that generally appear in adulthood and worsen over time. . ... Iron accumulation in the tissues and organs results in a corresponding iron deficiency in the blood, leading to anemia. Anemia ... Retrieved 2014-02-12. Yoshida, K; Furihata, K; Takeda, S; Nakamura, A; Yamamoto, K; Morita, H; Hiyamuta, S; Ikeda, S; Shimizu, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceruloplasminemia
Memory improvementMemory improvement
Vitamin E is an antioxidant, and like Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E can also be found in seeds and nuts, plant oils, and ... working memory capacity and improve cognitive skills and functions in clinical populations with working memory deficiencies. ... "How Vitamin B Slows Alzheimer's Progression". Alzheimers.net. Retrieved 2020-07-19. "Office of Dietary Supplements - Vitamin B6 ... Vitamin B6 can be found in high quantities in fish, organ meats like liver, starches, and fruits. It is the combination of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_improvement
Childhood immunizations in the United StatesChildhood immunizations in the United States
In developing countries that suffer from malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency, measles has been known to kill as many as 1 out ... This is a series of 4 shots given at 2, 4, 6 months of age and the last is given between 12 and 15 months of age. Being ... The DTaP vaccine is given as a 5-shot series at 2, 4, and 6 months, the fourth between 12 and 15 months, and the last between 4 ... They are both a three-dose series of injections that are recommended at 11 to 12 years of age, but is commonly given to people ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_immunizations_in_the_United_States
Spinocerebellar ataxiaSpinocerebellar ataxia
... ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (AOA), spastic ataxia. Disorder subdivisions: Friedreich's ... 138 (12): 3555-3566. doi:10.1093/brain/awv292. PMC 4840549. PMID 26490326. Boudreau, Ryan L; Spengler, Ryan M; Davidson, ... 19 (12): 2169-2177. doi:10.1038/mt.2011.185. PMC 3242660. PMID 21952166. "IntraBio". Retrieved 2019-08-01. "Search Orphan Drug ... In 2008, a genetic ataxia blood test developed to test for 12 types of SCA, Friedreich's ataxia, and several others. However, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_ataxia
Daisy Yen WuDaisy Yen Wu
They noted that compared to a Western diet, there were deficiencies in high-quality protein, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins ... Her mother was a Christian and raised the couple's twelve children. Her father was from the well-to-do Yan family [zh] (Chinese ... Vitamin research was still in its infancy, but she determined the amount of carbohydrates, fat, fiber, protein, and water in ... rapeseed they found that growth rates were similar to the meat-eating mice and the animals had no signs of vitamin deficiencies ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy_Yen_Wu
Browsing by Subject Vitamin B 12 DeficiencyBrowsing by Subject "Vitamin B 12 Deficiency"
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Vitamin+B+12+Deficiency&type=mesh
Severe Measles, Vitamin A Deficiency, and the Roma Community in Europe - Volume 18, Number 9-September 2012 - Emerging...
... deficiencies of vitamins, such as A, C, and E, have been reported (6). Vitamin A deficiency has been associated with severe ... the diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency is usually supported by low levels of serum vitamin A and levels of retinol-binding ... Acute measles precipitates vitamin A deficiency by depleting vitamin A stores and increasing its utilization, leading to more ... confirming vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A supplementation was administered intramuscularly as recommended by the World Health ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/9/11-1701
Hypothesis - Vitamin B-12 deficiency is associated with Vitamin D deficiency | VitaminDWikiHypothesis - Vitamin B-12 deficiency is associated with Vitamin D deficiency | VitaminDWiki
B12 deficiency and iron deficiency are common secondary deficiencies (of vitamin D deficiency) that also affect sleep. Vitamin ... ADHD associated with significantly less Vitamin B12 - Sept 2018 Obese women deficient in both Vitamin D and Vitamin B12 - March ... ADHD associated with significantly less Vitamin B12 - Sept 2018Obese women deficient in both Vitamin D and Vitamin B12 - March ... Vitamin B12 levels drop a lot during adolescent pregnancies - Feb 2019 Vitamin B12-fortified toothpaste helped (Vitamin D tooth ...
https://vitamindwiki.com/Hypothesis+%E2%80%93+Vitamin+B-12+deficiency+is+associated+with+Vitamin+D+deficiency
Metformin Link to Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Neuropathy in DiabetesMetformin Link to Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Neuropathy in Diabetes
Cite this: Metformin Link to Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Neuropathy in Diabetes - Medscape - Sep 25, 2015. ... The consequences of vitamin B12 deficiency, like neuropathy or mental changes, may be profound. Even more, they may be ... "I would say this isnt good enough….You need first a large analysis of vitamin B12 to determine the real level [of deficiency ... Previous research from Dr Outs group and others has linked metformin use to vitamin B12 deficiency (,150 pmol/L), raising ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/851542
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Resettled Bhutanese Refugees --- United States, 2008--2011Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Resettled Bhutanese Refugees --- United States, 2008--2011
Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency: a systematic review of randomized controlled ... TABLE 2. Proportion of refugees with vitamin B12 deficiency (with median and interquartile range of vitamin B12 concentrations ... Vitamin B12 deficiency, defined as serum vitamin B12 concentration ,203 pg/mL, was found in 64% (63 of 99) of overseas ... TABLE 1. Vitamin B12 deficiency in adult Bhutanese refugees undergoing overseas medical screening examinations, by age group ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6011a4.htm?s_cid=mm6011a4_w
Vitamin B-12 Deficiency: How We Can Treat It? | MyWorldNews24
Home/Health/Vitamin B-12 Deficiency: How We Can Treat It?. Health Vitamin B-12 Deficiency: How We Can Treat It?. JasperMay 28, ... How to treat Vitamin B-12 Deficiency?. You may have to take a supplement if the health care provider says you are deficient in ... Benefits of Vitamin B-12. The most advantage of vitamin B-12 is that it decreases the chance of severe vitamin B-12 deficiency ... Although vitamin-fortified and B-12 supplements are readily available, Vitamin B-12 shots can only be taken on prescription, ...
https://myworldnews24.com/vitamin-b-12-deficiency-how-we-can-treat-it/
Vitamin B12 deficiency - A 21st century perspectiveVitamin B12 deficiency - A 21st century perspective
... this condition now accounts for a minority of cases and vitamin B12 deficiency … ... Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common condition which can present with non-specific clinical features, and in severe cases with ... Vitamin B12 deficiency - A 21st century perspective Clin Med (Lond). 2015 Apr;15(2):145-50. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-2-145 ... Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common condition which can present with non-specific clinical features, and in severe cases with ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25824066/
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Long-Term Iron and Vitamin B12 Deficiency Are Present after Bariatric Surgery, despite the Widespread...IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Long-Term Iron and Vitamin B12 Deficiency Are Present after Bariatric Surgery, despite the Widespread...
M 0%) and vitamin D (F 38.1% vs. M 60%). Long-term nutritional deficiencies were greater than the general population among men ... reported at least one nutritional deficiency: iron (F 64.3% vs. M 30%), vitamin B12 (F 16.6% vs. M 10%), calcium (F 33.3% vs. ... for iron and among women for vitamin B12. ... that have assessed weight regain and nutritional deficiencies. ... and vitamin B12 [15,16] deficiency. We could not find recent epidemiological data on calcium deficiencies. Deficiency of 25OHD ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/9/4541
Dermatologic Manifestations of Vitamin A Deficiency Clinical Presentation: History, ComplicationsDermatologic Manifestations of Vitamin A Deficiency Clinical Presentation: History, Complications
Deficiency occurs in endemic proportions in developing countries and is considered to be the most common cause of blindness in ... Vitamin A can be considered the most important vitamin in supporting animal life. ... Dermatologic Manifestations of Vitamin A Deficiency) and Dermatologic Manifestations of Vitamin A Deficiency What to Read Next ... Vitamin A deficiency in chronic cholestatic liver disease -is vitamin A therapy beneficial ?. Liver Int. 2017 Mar 29. [QxMD ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1104441-clinical
Vitamin D Deficiency and Related Disorders Clinical Presentation: History, PhysicalVitamin D Deficiency and Related Disorders Clinical Presentation: History, Physical
... the minimal amount of vitamin D found in breast milk. In children, vitamin D deficiency can result in rickets, which presents ... Vitamin D deficiency can result from inadequate exposure to sunlight; malabsorption; accelerated catabolism from certain ... encoded search term (Vitamin D Deficiency and Related Disorders) and Vitamin D Deficiency and Related Disorders What to Read ... In children with a severe vitamin D deficiency, the examination may reveal bowing in the legs. In adults with a severe vitamin ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/128762-clinical
Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms, and TreatmentVitamin B12 Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
WebMD tells you about symptoms of a vitamin B12 deficiency and how it can be treated. ... Vitamin B12 is essential for good health, but some people may not be getting enough. ... Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency. If you have vitamin B12 deficiency, you could become anemic. A mild deficiency may cause no ... "Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Pernicious Anemia.". Harvard Health Publications: "Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Vegetarians, elderly may not ...
https://www.webmd.com/diet/vitamin-b12-deficiency-symptoms-causes?hootPostID=ca084d32a7f685075dbf1f250b01a724
Frontiers | The burden of vitamin D deficiency in household members of children presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiencyFrontiers | The burden of vitamin D deficiency in household members of children presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency
... with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency were investigated prospectively for vitamin D deficiency [defined as 25 hydroxyvitamin D ... with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency were investigated prospectively for vitamin D deficiency [defined as 25 hydroxyvitamin D ... children presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency remains unknown.AimInvestigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ... Vitamin D deficiency was noted in 93% of the maternal and 79% of the sibling cohorts. Biochemical osteomalacia was present in ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.958422/full
Vitamin E deficiency: What are the signs?Vitamin E deficiency: What are the signs?
Learn to prevent and treat a vitamin E deficiency here. ... Deficiency is rare and usually the result of an underlying ... Vitamin E is essential, and it is stored in the liver before being released into the bloodstream. ... A vitamin D deficiency is common, and it can lead to further health issues. Still, many people with the deficiency have no ... The main symptom of a vitamin K deficiency is bleeding caused by an inability to form blood clots. Learn about vitamin K ...
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321800?utm_source=ReadNext
Vitamin-D deficiency is associated with chronic bacterial colonisation and disease severity in bronchiectasis | ThoraxVitamin-D deficiency is associated with chronic bacterial colonisation and disease severity in bronchiectasis | Thorax
The definition of vitamin-D deficiency is the subject of debate. For the main analysis, a priori, vitamin-D deficiency was ... Vitamin-d deficiency is highly prevalent in COPD and correlates with variants in the vitamin-d-binding gene. Thorax 2010;65:215 ... The definition of vitamin-D deficiency is not universally accepted and so we have presented data using two vitamin-D cut-offs, ... These effects of vitamin-D deficiency make it a relevant candidate to modify disease severity in bronchiectasis. Vitamin-D ...
https://thorax.bmj.com/content/68/1/39
IMSEAR at SEARO: Psychiatric presentations of vitamin B 12 deficiency.
Vitamin B12 deficiency has been implicated in various psychiatric conditions for a long time. The association could be primary ... Three cases are presented here where vitamin B12 deficiency and psychiatric symptomatology were coexistent, and the patients ... Psychiatric presentations of vitamin B 12 deficiency.. Authors: Bhat, Amritha S. Srinivasan, K. Kurpad, Sunita Simon. Galgali, ... Psychiatric presentations of vitamin B 12 deficiency. Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 2007 Jul; 105(7): 395-6. ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/96355
Vitamin C deficiency impairs early brain developmentVitamin C deficiency impairs early brain development
Faculty of Life Sciences at University of Copenhagen shows that vitamin C deficiency may impair the mental development of new- ... Widespread vitamin C deficiency In some areas in the world, vitamin C deficiency is very common - population studies in Brazil ... Vitamin C deficiency impairs early brain development. Guinea pigs - like humans - are dependent on getting sufficient vitamin C ... It is not yet known to what extent new-born babies in Denmark or the Western World suffer from vitamin C deficiency but a ...
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2009-09-vitamin-deficiency-impairs-early-brain.html
B Vitamins: MedlinePlusB Vitamins: MedlinePlus
Not enough Vitamin B12 or Vitamin B6 can cause anemia. Find out what B vitamins do for your body. ... Do you get enough B vitamins in your diet? ... Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in ... Vitamin B12-Deficiency Anemia (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) Also in Spanish ... Vitamin Deficiency Anemia (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Also in Spanish ...
https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html
Vitamin D Deficiency - Cancer Survivors NetworkVitamin D Deficiency - Cancer Survivors Network
Unfortunately, we have been so warned against sun exposure and advised to use sunscreen to the point that vitamin d deficiency ... I listened a few years ago about Vitamin D, and decided to ask my Internist. She included a check for Vitamin D in my yearly ... the most accurate way to measure your bodys vitamin d level is the 25-hydroxy vitamin d blood test. My lab considers 35 - 100 ... the most accurate way to measure your bodys vitamin d level is the 25-hydroxy vitamin d blood test. My lab considers 35 - 100 ...
https://csn.cancer.org/discussion/comment/1485543/
The Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency with Diabetic Nephropathy: Implications for Health Disparities |...The Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency with Diabetic Nephropathy: Implications for Health Disparities |...
Definition of Vitamin D Deficiency and Vitamin D Insufficiency. Vitamin D status in the serum is evaluated based on the ... Serum 25-hydroxycalciferol vitamin D levels were characterized as ,20 ng/mL vitamin D deficiency, 20 to 29 ng/mL vitamin D ... 2D3 deficiency and insufficiency caused by the kidneys role in vitamin D metabolism, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency ... Results: Overall, 30.7% of adults with diabetes have nephropathy, 48.9% have vitamin D deficiency and 36.6% have vitamin D ...
https://www.jabfm.org/content/22/5/521
Take this happy pill: Deficiency in vitamin D is linked todepression among urban Malaysian women - ArticleTake this happy pill: Deficiency in vitamin D is linked todepression among urban Malaysian women - Article
Deficiency in vitamin D is linked todepression among urban Malaysian women. Also, browse our large selection of articles and ... Subject: Take this happy pill: Deficiency in vitamin D is linked todepression among urban Malaysian women Vitamin deficiencies ... VitaNet Search Tags: happy, vitamin, urban, women, Blog Search tags:. Deficiency, vitamin, linked, todepression, Malaysian, ... Take this happy pill: Deficiency in vitamin D is linked todepression among urban Malaysian women Darrell Miller 03/25/19 ...
https://vitanetonline.com/forums/1/Thread/5679
Aciphex: Package Insert / Prescribing Information - Drugs.comAciphex: Package Insert / Prescribing Information - Drugs.com
Low vitamin B-12 levels in the body can happen in people who have taken Aciphex for a long time (more than 3 years). Tell your ... CYP2C19 exhibits a known genetic polymorphism due to its deficiency in some sub-populations (e.g., 3 to 5% of Caucasians and 17 ... Twelve patients with idiopathic gastric hypersecretion or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have been treated successfully with ... Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B-12) Deficiency [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]. *Hypomagnesemia and Mineral Metabolism [see ...
https://www.drugs.com/pro/aciphex.html
Statin Drugs and Vitamin D Deficiency - Alliance for Natural Health USA - Protecting Natural HealthStatin Drugs and Vitamin D Deficiency - Alliance for Natural Health USA - Protecting Natural Health
... and vitamin D deficiency. Are the drugs most often prescribed in the United States linked to vitamin D deficiency, known to ... The September 2009 newsletter of the Vitamin D Council weighs the scientific evidence pointing to a connection between the use ... Make sure you have been screened for vitamin D deficiency, and protect your health with appropriate vitamin D supplementation. ... and vitamin D deficiency.. John Jacob Cannell, MD, of the Vitamin D Council and a number of other medical experts, including ...
https://anh-usa.org/statin-drugs-and-vitamin-d-deficiency/
WHO EMRO | Vitamin D deficiency in healthy children in Bahrain: do gender and age matter? | Volume 26 issue 3 | EMHJ volume 26...
The association between vitamin D group (vitamin D sufficient, vitamin D insufficient and vitamin D deficient) and sex and age ... the cut-off points to decide vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency are variable. Unlike our study where vitamin D ... Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem in children. The vitamin D status of children and adolescents has ... However, other factors can play a role in the increase of vitamin D deficiency, such as low vitamin D intake and low sunshine ...
https://www.emro.who.int/fr/emhj-volume-26-2020/volume-26-issue-3/vitamin-d-deficiency-in-healthy-children-in-bahrain-do-gender-and-age-matter.html
RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for infection, sepsis and mortality in the...RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for infection, sepsis and mortality in the...
Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for infection, sepsis and mortality in the critically ill: Systematic review and meta- ... de Haan, K, Groeneveld, J, de Geus, H.R.H, Egal, M, & Struijs, A. (2014). Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for infection, ... Introduction: In Europe, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent varying between 40% and 60% in the healthy general adult ... The consequences of vitamin D deficiency for sepsis and outcome in critically ill patients remain controversial. We therefore ...
https://repub.eur.nl/pub/82089
Risk factors for vitamin A and D deficiencies among children under five years old in Palestine | ENN
FEX: Vitamin A policies need rethinking. Summary of research1 Location: Global What we know: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains ... and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among children in the state of Palestine, uptake of a vitamin A and D supplementation programme ... Risk factors for vitamin A and D deficiencies among children under five years old in Palestine. Research snapshot1 ... Risk factors for vitamin A and D deficiencies among children under five years old in Palestine. Field Exchange 58, September ...
https://www.ennonline.net/fex/58/riskfactorsvitamindeficiencies
DailyMed - METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE tablet, extended releaseDailyMed - METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE tablet, extended release
Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Metformin may lower vitamin B12 levels. Measure hematological parameters annually and vitamin B12 at 2 ... 5.2 Vitamin B12 Deficiency 5.3 Hypoglycemia with Concomitant Use with Insulin and Insulin Secretagogues 5.4 Macrovascular ... 5.2 Vitamin B12 Deficiency. In metformin hydrochloride tablets clinical trials of 29-week duration, a decrease to subnormal ... Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Inform patients about importance of regular hematological parameters while receiving metformin ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1e298db3-439e-4e91-8f9e-01c3cdc4d552&audience=consumer
Vitamin B Supplement Reviews & Top Picks - ConsumerLab.comVitamin B Supplement Reviews & Top Picks - ConsumerLab.com
Get information about dosage, safety, and B vitamins for energy, memory, depression and more. ... Read our reviews of B vitamin supplements to find the best B complex, niacin, B-6, B-12, biotin, thiamin and folate, including ... Read info based on the CDC about vitamin deficiencies such as vitamin A, B-6, B-12, C, D, and E, folate, and iron in the United ... Learn more about symptoms of B6 deficiency, who is more likely to be deficient in vitamin B6 as well as how much vitamin B6 you ...
https://www.consumerlab.com/reviews/review-best-b-vitamins-and-complexes-energy-b6-b12-biotin-niacin-folic-acid/bvitamins/?search=Anti-aging
Vitamin B Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Finserv MARKETSVitamin B Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Finserv MARKETS
Know all about Vitamin B Deficiency, its causes, symptoms and treatment. Get more information on disease caused by deficiency ... What is Vitamin B Deficiency?. Vitamin B deficiency occurs when the body doesnt get adequate amounts of Vitamin B for the ... Treatment for Vitamin B Deficiency. Vitamin B Supplements: Treatment for Vitamin B deficiency involves eating food rich in ... How to prevent Vitamin B Deficiency. Best way to prevent Vitamin B deficiency is to eat a balanced diet and reduce the intake ...
https://www.bajajfinservmarkets.in/insurance/health-insurance/health-problems/vitamin-b-deficiency.amp.html
Vitamin E deficiency decreases long-chain PUFA in zebrafish (Danio rerio). | College of Agricultural SciencesVitamin E deficiency decreases long-chain PUFA in zebrafish (Danio rerio). | College of Agricultural Sciences
Vitamin E deficiency decreases long-chain PUFA in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ... Vitamin E deficiency decreases long-chain PUFA in zebrafish (Danio rerio).. Title. Vitamin E deficiency decreases long-chain ... Vitamin E deficiency in zebrafish decreased by ~20% (n-6) (P , 0.05) and (n-3) (P , 0.05) PUFA and increased the (n-6):(n-3) ... Vitamin E deficiency decreases long-chain PUFA in zebrafish (Danio rerio).. ...
https://osuseafoodlab.oregonstate.edu/biblio/vitamin-e-deficiency-decreases-long-chain-pufa-zebrafish-danio-rerio-0
Vitamin D Deficiency in Kids May Lead to Heart Risks - NDTV FoodVitamin D Deficiency in Kids May Lead to Heart Risks - NDTV Food
A latest study explains that Vitamin D deficiency can pose serious threat to your childs health. ... Top 5 Vitamin D Rich Foods). A team of researchers further studied the adverse effects of Vitamin D deficiency on kids. It was ... Metabolism explains that Vitamin D deficiency can pose a serious threat to your child as well. Vitamin D is crucial in a ... Health experts also suggest that in a few cases vitamin D deficiency may lead to rickets and bone deformities in children. ...
https://food.ndtv.com/health/this-may-expose-your-child-to-heart-risks-738759
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Folic12
  • Time Frame: The key measure would be measured upon enrollment and 6 weeks afterwards, upon completion of treatment based on 1mg Vitamin B12 sublinual and 5 mg Folic Acid per day. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • This is particularly the case with folic acid (vitamin B-9) and cobalamin (vitamin B-12). (healthline.com)
  • however, such benefits are difficult to ascertain because of the complementary functions of vitamin B12 and folic acid. (researchgate.net)
  • Vitamin B12 might lower high homocysteine levels below a threshold level achieved by folic acid alone. (researchgate.net)
  • Vitamin B12 might help protect against chronic disease and neural tube defects, but more research, particularly in the area of nutritional genomics, is needed to determine how vitamin B12 might augment the benefits of folic acid. (researchgate.net)
  • Some consideration should be given to the potential value of fortifying foods with vitamin B12 in addition to the current mandatory folic acid fortification of grains. (researchgate.net)
  • However, these gains are usually so challenging to determine due to the many additional roles of vitamin B12 working together with folic acid. (researchgate.net)
  • Our data suggest that, after mandatory folic acid fortification, the prevalence of folate-deficiency anemia is nearly nonexistent in a community-dwelling population in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • A lack of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B- 12 is a leading cause of anemia. (mybodyresearch.com)
  • It is necessary for post-bariatric patients to take vitamin supplements, specifically those containing folic acid. (b-cdn.net)
  • Bariatric vitamins with a high folic acid material are essential for post-surgery dietary administration. (b-cdn.net)
  • It really has been shown that getting enough vitamin b folic acid in what you eat may help fight forgetfulness. (memorytrees.org)
Supplements36
  • In addition, refugees with clinical manifestations suggestive of deficiency should be tested for adequate serum vitamin B12 concentrations and, if found to have a B12 deficiency, screened for underlying causes, treated with parenteral vitamin B12 or high-dose oral supplements, and evaluated for response to therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • Although vitamin-fortified and B-12 supplements are readily available, Vitamin B-12 shots can only be taken on prescription, meaning that a medicinal diagnosis must be required. (myworldnews24.com)
  • Barclay AJ, Foster A, Sommer A. Vitamin A supplements and mortality related to measles: a randomised clinical trial. (medscape.com)
  • Since your body doesn't make vitamin B12, you have to get it from animal-based foods or from supplements. (webmd.com)
  • Learn more about the different types of vitamin b supplements. (webmd.com)
  • Hence, reliance on vitamin D supplements for adequacy is high. (frontiersin.org)
  • For more in-depth resources about vitamins, minerals, and supplements, visit our dedicated hub . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • calcium deficiency is a big cause of muscle cramps But calcium supplements don't always help. (cancer.org)
  • If sun exposure is inadequate, vitamin D level can be maintained by taking supplements or foods that contain vitamin D (2). (who.int)
  • I'll just take vitamin D supplements or get more sun. (chriskresser.com)
  • I'll just get my vitamin D measured, and if it's low, I'll take supplements. (chriskresser.com)
  • Make sure you're choosing the best B vitamin supplements approved in our tests! (consumerlab.com)
  • This depends on your nutritional needs but, generally, B vitamin supplements are formulated to provide much more than you need and this can be a problem for the three B vitamins that can cause toxicity - niacin, folate and B-6 . (consumerlab.com)
  • Vitamin supplements, taken by pill or injection, can correct the deficiencies. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Vitamin B-12 is mainly found in meat, eggs and milk, so people who don't eat these types of foods may need to take B-12 supplements. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Also, make sure that you're able to properly absorb the vitamins and minerals - whether from your diet or from supplements. (wonderlabs.com)
  • Earthlight® Whole Food Vitamin D is a clean label ingredient that can help you create cutting-edge fortified foods and supplements. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Her mother reported following a vegan diet during the preceding 7 years and took nutritional and vitamin supplements. (cdc.gov)
  • Until then, women shouldn't automatically take vitamin D supplements during pregnancy as a result of these findings. (news24.com)
  • Vitamin D3 supplements are also recommended for children and the elderly to help strengthen bones, provide immune support and bolster overall health. (allstarhealth.com)
  • LOW levels of vitamin D 'are linked to a higher risk of death from coronavirus' and supplements could reduce the severity of the infection, experts claim. (the-sun.com)
  • Public Health England is recommending Brits to consider taking vitamin D supplements due to the lockdown. (the-sun.com)
  • Vitamin B 12 supplements improved histamine thresholds and significantly raised the cough threshold in patients with vitamin deficiency, but had no effect on control subjects. (medscape.com)
  • Under severe deficiency situations, airway symptoms may be aggravated (Brehm 2009) with vitamin D supplements having steroid sparing effects (Xystrakis 2006). (wjst.de)
  • These data will be used to estimate deficiencies and toxicities of specific nutrients in the population and subgroups, to provide population reference data, and to estimate the contribution of diet, supplements, and other factors to serum levels of nutrients. (cdc.gov)
  • Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Biotin is available in many skin and hair supplements, B complex vitamins (which include vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin B2 riboflavin and vitamin B3 niacin), as well as multivitamins . (draxe.com)
  • Bariatric vitamin supplements ought to include the proper quantity of iron. (b-cdn.net)
  • It is essential for power manufacturing, as well as bariatric vitamin supplements ought to have enough iron for the patients to preserve their nutritional standing. (b-cdn.net)
  • Iron supplements need to also consist of vitamin C, a nutrient vital to the growth as well as health and wellness of the body. (b-cdn.net)
  • Vitamin D supplements can be used to treat hypophosphatemia and hypothyroidism. (ths-egypt.com)
  • If you have malabsorption in the digestive system, do not take vitamin D supplements. (ths-egypt.com)
  • The Office of Dietary Supplements recommends between 75 & 90 mg of vitamin C a day to prevent scurvy in an adult and a minimum of 40mg per day in a newborn, however the NIH proposes 200mg per day. (hbturner.healthcare)
  • I also eat/feed a diet that eliminates the '12 Bad Foods' which would prevent absorption even from the quality of supplements that we take. (hbturner.healthcare)
  • In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing vitamin D3 supplements (1200 IU/day) with placebo in school-aged children, researchers found that the children receiving the sunshine vitamin had a 42% reduction in contracting influenza A compared to those not receiving it. (drardyceyik.com)
  • In Dr. Yik 's practice, she finds many adults and children in Hong Kong who are deficient in vitamin D. Before you start taking vitamin D supplements though, get your level checked so you can supplement at the correct dosage. (drardyceyik.com)
Supplementation23
  • Vitamin A supplementation was administered intramuscularly as recommended by the World Health Organization (200,000 IU followed by a second dose the next day) to each patient ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In view of the substantial morbidity uncovered in household/family members of children diagnosed with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency, we recommend universal supplementation of all risk groups. (frontiersin.org)
  • National vitamin D supplementation guidance, especially in high risk groups such as dark skinned individuals, exist in the majority of high latitude countries ( 5 ) including the UK ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • When an adult has less than 4 mg/L of vitamin E in their blood, they usually require supplementation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Vitamin E supplementation is often effective. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Current practice involves providing vitamin E supplementation through a tube in the stomach. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Children and adults with deficiencies caused by inherited conditions require supplementation with high doses of vitamin E. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Three cases are presented here where vitamin B12 deficiency and psychiatric symptomatology were coexistent, and the patients recovered only on a combination of B12 supplementation and psychiatric medication. (who.int)
  • Make sure you have been screened for vitamin D deficiency, and protect your health with appropriate vitamin D supplementation. (anh-usa.org)
  • The Palestinian Ministry of Health (MoH) and UNICEF conducted a national cross-sectional survey in 2013 to ascertain the prevalence of and risk factors for vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among children in the state of Palestine, uptake of a vitamin A and D supplementation programme, and whether variations of VAD and VDD were related to different approaches of health service providers. (ennonline.net)
  • It seems like every day another article is published in medical journals or the mainstream press about the dangers of vitamin D deficiency, and the benefits of supplementation. (chriskresser.com)
  • In this article we're going to discuss the impacts of vitamin D on thyroid physiology and wade into the increasingly murky topic of vitamin D supplementation - specifically as it relates to thyroid disorders. (chriskresser.com)
  • We suggest that the recommendation for vitamin D supplementation in Chinese children should be extended to adolescence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If you're vegetarian, you should definitely be having your B-12 levels checked on a regular basis, at least twice a year, to make sure that you're getting adequate quantities through supplementation, because biochemically the active form of Vitamin B-12 is only found in animal food. (glutenfreesociety.org)
  • Therefore, Vitamin D supplementation is highly recommended for those who avoid sun exposure, consistently where sunscreen or who live in environments with little to no sunshine. (allstarhealth.com)
  • Vitamin B 12 supplementation improved histamine thresholds (reduced hyperresponsiveness) in vitamin-deficient patients without significantly changing them in control subjects. (medscape.com)
  • With regard to allergy initiation, effects of early vitamin D supplementation are being controversially discussed. (wjst.de)
  • Vitamin A supplementation demonstrated efficacy in improving some clinical and paraclinical symptoms in patients with COVID-19. (who.int)
  • Future studies should evaluate vitamin A supplementation with a larger sample size and com- pare different dosages, especially in hospitalized patients. (who.int)
  • Often oral supplementation is necessary, as well as monitoring the diet by health professionals and carrying out an adequate prenatal care, with special attention to the possible nutritional deficiencies that the pregnant woman may have. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nonetheless, it is suggested that a person taking bariatric vitamins comply with the diet regimen as well as supplementation suggestions given by their surgeon. (b-cdn.net)
  • The team suggests that according to recent studies, some case reports, and a few intervention studies, the supplementation of vitamin D and/or zinc is promising. (scientificdiet.org)
  • One recent intervention study even found that high-dose vitamin D supplementation boosted viral clearance in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients. (scientificdiet.org)
Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Defici3
  • Such an assumption is possible since there are symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency that are related to those of COVID-19 infection. (researchgate.net)
  • Such an assumption is based on the fact that there are signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency that are similar to those of a coronavirus infection. (researchgate.net)
  • No trial reported on clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency, health-related quality of life, or acceptability of the treatment scheme. (qxmd.com)
Anemia27
  • If you have pernicious anemia or have trouble absorbing vitamin B12, you'll need shots of this vitamin at first. (webmd.com)
  • Vitamin E deficiencies in these infants can also lead to hemolytic anemia , which destroys red blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Vitamin deficiency anemia is a lack of healthy red blood cells caused by lower than usual amounts of vitamin B-12 and folate. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Vitamin deficiency anemia usually develops slowly over several months to years. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Vitamin deficiency anemia can occur if you don't eat enough foods containing vitamin B-12 and folate, or if your body has trouble absorbing or processing these vitamins. (mayoclinic.org)
  • You can prevent some forms of vitamin deficiency anemia by choosing a healthy diet that includes a variety of foods. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Someone having a deficiency in certain B vitamins is at risk of anemia, appetite loss, depression, abdominal pain, respiratory infections and hair loss. (naturalremedies.org)
  • People with iron deficiency anemia often have low levels of certain antioxidants, including riboflavin. (naturalremedies.org)
  • Amy was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia, one of the most common nutritional deficiencies among female athletes. (active.com)
  • Symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia include muscle burning, shortness of breath during exercise, nausea, frequent infections, respiratory illnesses and a pale, washed-out appearance. (active.com)
  • Because iron-deficiency anemia is more common in athletes, it's important to monitor iron status. (active.com)
  • Iron-deficiency anemia occurs in three stages, with stage 3 having the most detrimental effect on athletic performance. (active.com)
  • A craving for unusual foods such as an ice addiction could be a warning of an underlying medical problem like anemia or zinc deficiency. (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency are the two most common enzyme defects that cause hemolytic anemia. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical consequences of human infection are generally absent or mild, although anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency was described in Scandinavia ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Anemic disorders associated with orofacial signs and symptoms include iron deficiency anemia, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, megaloblastic anemia, sickle cell anemia, thalassaemia and aplastic anemia. (ijdr.in)
  • Iron deficiency anemia is the most common hematological disorder. (ijdr.in)
  • Although several studies have documented the resulting decrease in anemia and folate deficiency, to our knowledge, no one has determined the prevalence of folate-deficiency anemia after fortification. (cdc.gov)
  • We determined the prevalence of folate deficiency and folate-deficiency anemia within a sample of the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. (cdc.gov)
  • Folate deficiency was defined as a serum folate concentration <6.6 nmol/L (<3.0 ng/mL), and anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration <13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL in nonpregnant women (WHO criteria). (cdc.gov)
  • Folate-deficiency anemia was defined as the presence of both folate deficiency and anemia. (cdc.gov)
  • Overall, the prevalence of folate-deficiency anemia was <0.1% (1 of 1546 subjects). (cdc.gov)
  • Enfermedad nutricional producida por déficit de VITAMINA B12 en la dieta, caracterizada por anemia megaloblástica. (bvsalud.org)
  • A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. (bvsalud.org)
  • These nutritional deficiencies predispose the pregnant woman and the newborn to anemia, which can harm fetal development. (bvsalud.org)
  • iron deficiency anemia could be to blame. (buzzstory.net)
  • Vitamin B12 anemia can cause coldness, numbness, and low energy. (buzzstory.net)
20182
  • Endocr Rev . 2018 Oct 12. (medscape.com)
  • 1 Chaudhry A B, Hajat S, Rizkallah N and Abu-Rub A. (2018) Risk factors for vitamin A and D deficiencies among children under-five in the state of Palestine. (ennonline.net)
Supplement21
  • You may have to take a supplement if the health care provider says you are deficient in vitamin B12. (myworldnews24.com)
  • Every type of B12 supplement can increase vitamin B12 levels in your blood. (myworldnews24.com)
  • You can change your diet to include vitamin B12-fortified grains, a supplement or B12 injections, or a high-dose oral vitamin B12 if you are deficient. (webmd.com)
  • Older adults who have a vitamin B12 deficiency will likely have to take a daily B12 supplement or a multivitamin that contains B12. (webmd.com)
  • Similarly, supplement uptake, such as vitamin D uptake in children has been shown to be influenced by maternal factors such as age and education ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This is unbearable when it would be so easy to prevent this deficiency by giving a vitamin supplement to high-risk pregnant women and new mothers" says Jens Lykkesfeldt whose research group is currently studying how early in pregnancy vitamin C deficiency affects the embryonic development of guinea pigs and whether the damage may be reversed after birth. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Which B vitamin supplement is best? (consumerlab.com)
  • She reported intermittent intake of a vitamin supplement (TwinLab ® Stress B Complex Caps, containing 250 mcg of 'cobalamin concentrate,' according to the label). (cdc.gov)
  • He tolerated neither and started a multigrain nondairy formula (Multigrain Milk ® ) in addition to fruit, vegetables, chicken, an unknown vitamin supplement, and a product called Greens Plus ® (no cobalamin content listed on label). (cdc.gov)
  • Another reason to consider supplement support is that some people are at higher risk for nutrient deficiencies. (saratoga.com)
  • Incomplete data are often presented for determining the role of vitamin A supplement therapy for improv- ing treatment outcomes in patients with COVID-19. (who.int)
  • Bariatric multivitamins may not include sufficient iron, so a separate vitamin D supplement is required. (b-cdn.net)
  • If your multivitamin does not consist of adequate B-12, you may need to take a different vitamin D supplement. (b-cdn.net)
  • Puritan's Pride Vitamin D3 5000IU is a dietary supplement. (ths-egypt.com)
  • puritan's pride vitamin d3 1000 iu is a dietary supplement containing vitamin d3 at a concentration of 1000 units in soft gel tablets. (ths-egypt.com)
  • This is why vegans should consider adding a B-12 supplement to make sure they take in enough each day. (supplementpolice.com)
  • One supplement deficiency can lead to multiple diseases e.g. a calcium deficiency can lead to 147 different diseases. (hbturner.healthcare)
  • In the event you don't consume a lot of meat, you may need to require a daily B-12 supplement to help prevent deficiency. (memorytrees.org)
  • Most individuals may need to supplement with vitamins, minerals, IV therapy, herbs and other therapies to overcome deficiencies and malnutrition. (thesilverclouddiet.com)
  • Ddrops - Kids Dora 400IU 60 drops - 90 Drop(s) - NPN: 80001792 -- Ddrops® Booster 600 IU liquid vitamin D3 supplement for children and adults that provides the Institute of Medicines Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin D dosage for people from 1 year to 70 years of age. (ahealthyyou.ca)
  • Ddrops® Booster can be taken in addition to a multivitamin that contains a small amount of vitamin D, and can provide an added boost of vitamin D.The Institute of Medicine recommends that all children receive a daily vitamin D supplement of 600 IU. (ahealthyyou.ca)
Riboflavin8
  • Other micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamin B2 (riboflavin), have been identified in this population ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Vitamin B2 or Riboflavin helps in energy production and breakdown of fats and medicines. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • Riboflavin, or vitamin B2, is one of a family of eight B vitamins. (naturalremedies.org)
  • Vitamin B1, also known as thiamin, and B2, riboflavin, aid the body in the production of energy as well as impacting enzymes that aid in the development of muscles, nerves and the heart. (naturalremedies.org)
  • Like all B vitamins, riboflavin is water soluble, meaning the body does not store it so it must be replenished every day. (naturalremedies.org)
  • Riboflavin also interacts with other B vitamins, allowing them to perform their jobs more efficiently. (naturalremedies.org)
  • A severe deficiency in riboflavin can lead to problems with various enzyme systems. (naturalremedies.org)
  • Animal research indicates riboflavin deficiency may impair the ability to absorb iron, increase intestinal loss of iron and impair the use of iron to create hemoglobin. (naturalremedies.org)
Folate deficiency4
  • A folate deficiency can occur when people don't eat foods containing folate or their bodies are unable to absorb folate from food. (mayoclinic.org)
  • However, folate deficiency is less common now in countries that routinely add folate to food products such as breads, cereals and pasta. (mayoclinic.org)
  • In folate deficiency, methylmalonic acid is normal. (cdc.gov)
  • The Journal of Neurology recently published a study conducted in South Korea that took 518 elderly people under their wing to test their theories about the effects of Folate deficiency. (naturalhealthontheweb.com)
Cobalamin deficiency5
  • This report summarizes the two cases and provides guidance for health-care providers on identifying and preventing cobalamin deficiency among breastfed infants of vegetarian mothers. (cdc.gov)
  • The child had persistent elevation of urine methylmalonic acid on three occasions but received no treatment for cobalamin deficiency until after the third measurement, which was ordered for a genetics clinic evaluation. (cdc.gov)
  • It is sensible to suppose that COVID-19 affects cobalamin metabolism, impairs intestinal microbial proliferation, and contributes to symptoms of cobalamin deficiency. (researchgate.net)
  • Increased concentrations of methylmalonic acid in plasma or serum and excessive urinary excretion of MMA are believed to be direct measures of tissue stores of cobalamin (vitamin B12) and to be the first indication of cobalamin deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • The concentration of MMA in plasma or serum was found to be a useful indicator of cobalamin deficiency, especially in patients with few or no hematological abnormalities, normal results for the Schilling test, or normal or only slightly depressed serum cobalamin concentrations. (cdc.gov)
10008
  • He prescribed 50,000 units of vitamin d2 (Rx only) to be taken once per week for 12 weeks, along with 1000 units d3 (OTC) daily. (cancer.org)
  • Two studies used 1000 μg/day oral vitamin B 12 and showed no relevant difference to intramuscularly applied vitamin B 12 with regard to vitamin B 12 blood levels. (cochrane.org)
  • What is vitamin D3 1000 IU? (ths-egypt.com)
  • Puritan's Pride Vitamin D3 1000 IU treats Vitamin D3 deficiency. (ths-egypt.com)
  • vitamin d3 concentration 1000 protects the body from osteoporosis. (ths-egypt.com)
  • Vitamin D 1000 alone is used to treat kidney disease. (ths-egypt.com)
  • It is best to take Vitamin D3 1000 with a meal rich in healthy fats. (ths-egypt.com)
  • The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends 400 iu per day of Vitamin D to prevent rickets, the Vitamin D Council recommends 1000 iu per day in children, per 25kg of body weight, other information says 125-250 iu per lb of body weight. (hbturner.healthcare)
Infants5
  • Mothers of infants had significantly lower mean 25OHD levels compared to mothers of older children [11 (n=12) vs 18 nmol/L (n=17) respectively, p=0.006)], most of whom were symptomatic (66.6%, n=8/12). (frontiersin.org)
  • Biochemical testing and treatment is indicated to replenish stores only in those at highest risk such as mothers of infants, individuals with concurrent dietary calcium deficiency and those with clinical symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Premature infants are at particular risk because an immature digestive tract can interfere with fat and vitamin E absorption. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in infants and young children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ddrops® Booster is not intended for use in infants under the age of 12 months, unless otherwise directed by your healthcare practitioner. (ahealthyyou.ca)
Consequences of vitamin B 12 defic1
  • The consequences of vitamin B 12 deficiency, like neuropathy or mental changes, may be profound. (medscape.com)
Prevalence of vitamin D deficien7
  • Seasonal prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in institutionalized older adults. (medscape.com)
  • Investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and biochemical osteomalacia in the mothers and siblings of children presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency. (frontiersin.org)
  • This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in healthy children in Bahrain and to investigate the relationship between vitamin D level and age and sex. (who.int)
  • This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a large sample of healthy children and adolescents in Bahrain, evaluate any sex and age differences between children with low vitamin D levels and those with adequate vitamin D, and correlate vitamin D levels with children's age. (who.int)
  • The mean levels of serum 25(OH)D and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency changed according to seasons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among children in Hangzhou Zhejiang province is high, especially among children aged 6-16 years. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Backman said that people should not use vitamin D excessively and added that it could be key to protecting vulnerable populations and the elderly who have a prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. (the-sun.com)
Micronutrient deficiencies5
  • The epidemiology of global micronutrient deficiencies. (medscape.com)
  • Micronutrient deficiencies are common among household/family members due to shared lifestyle and dietary habits. (frontiersin.org)
  • Micronutrient deficiencies in the offspring are reported to be strongly influenced by maternal education levels ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Little is known about how micronutrient deficiencies affect the human gut microbiota. (cell.com)
  • The effects of micronutrient deficiencies on bacterial species from the human gut microbiota. (cell.com)
Nutrient7
  • Also known as vitamin B-9, folate is a nutrient found mainly in dark green leafy vegetables and liver. (mayoclinic.org)
  • For decades, vitamin D was known as a nutrient that was important only for bone health ," said lead author Lisa Bodnar, PhD, MPH, RD, associate professor in Pitt Public Health's Department of Epidemiology. (news24.com)
  • Sometimes low BP is triggered by poor eating habits and nutrient deficiencies. (mybodyresearch.com)
  • The articles show that pregnant vegetarians are more susceptible to nutrient deficiency - mainly vitamin B12, iron, zinc and iodine. (bvsalud.org)
  • Biotin, also called vitamin B7, is a nutrient that's often taken to keep hair, skin and nails looking healthy. (draxe.com)
  • While some reports suggest that certain minerals may be lacking in this type of diet, most evidence suggests that nutrient deficiencies are not as big of a concern for vegetarians or vegans in Western Countries. (supplementpolice.com)
  • Protein, zinc, and iron are the leading nutrient deficiencies, but we've outlined several foods that are rich in all three. (supplementpolice.com)
Niacin3
  • It aids in the conversion of food into energy, as well as changing an amino acid called tryptophan into niacin, which is another B vitamin. (naturalremedies.org)
  • They are packed with significant amounts of vitamin B12, B6 and niacin. (purefoodessentials.com)
  • Prawns are a great source of Vitamins B-6, B-12 and Niacin, which help the body produce energy, build muscle and replenish red blood cells. (purefoodessentials.com)
Pantothenic acid2
  • Vitamin B5 or Pantothenic acid helps in the creation of new fats, proteins and coenzymes. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • Vitamin B5, called pantothenic acid, aids in the normal growth and development of the body. (naturalremedies.org)
Deficient in vitamin B-1
  • Patients deficient in vitamin B 12 were found to have significantly lower threshold values for extrathoracic airway and cough, but bronchial thresholds did not differ from those of control subjects. (medscape.com)
Nutritional deficiencies1
  • As an objective, we sought to discuss possible impacts of vegetarian diets on pregnancy and investigate whether there are nutritional deficiencies caused by these diets in pregnancy. (bvsalud.org)
Complications6
  • Vitamin A deficiency affects the severity of illness and the rate of deaths associated with measles, and it is known to induce severe measles-related complications in children, delaying recovery and promoting xerophthalmia, corneal ulcer, and blindness ( 7 , 8 , 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Since missing the diagnosis can result in potentially severe complications, including degeneration of the spinal cord and pancytopaenia, vitamin B12 deficiency must be diagnosed early and managed appropriately. (nih.gov)
  • Rickets not only presents with bony deformities, fractures, stunted growth and delayed development ( 12 ) but can also manifest with hypocalcaemic complications which include seizures, tetany and rarely heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy ( 13 - 15 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • No study reported on clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin B 12 deficiency (e.g. fatigue, depression, neurological complications), health-related quality of life, or acceptability of the treatment scheme. (cochrane.org)
  • The zinc-deficient patients had more complications, and the deficiency was associated with a prolonged hospital stay and increased death risk. (scientificdiet.org)
  • It turns out that people with a vitamin D deficiency who contracted COVID had a higher risk of health complications and death. (drardyceyik.com)
Burden of Vitamin A Deficien1
  • Global Burden of Vitamin A Deficiency in 204 Countries and Territories from 1990-2019. (medscape.com)
Levels73
  • Case-patients 1 and 2 had vitamin A deficiency with values of 0.31 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L, respectively, (reference range 0.5-0.8 mg/L). We measured vitamin A levels in blood samples from the next 4 consecutive hospitalized patients with measles, all of whom were from the Roma community. (cdc.gov)
  • All 4 patients had low levels of vitamin A (0.16-0.34 mg/L) ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
  • Low levels of vitamin A (0.36-0.46 mg/L) were also found for 2 other patients from the Roma community who did not have measles ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
  • However, the diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency is usually supported by low levels of serum vitamin A and levels of retinol-binding protein within the reference range as described for at least 1 of the case-patients reported here. (cdc.gov)
  • 60 had serum vitamin B12 levels tested, and 19 (32%) were B12 deficient. (cdc.gov)
  • The importance of keeping appropriate B-12 levels is addressed in this article, and we will describe the advantages and risks of Vitamin B-12 Shots . (myworldnews24.com)
  • It is important to remember that in most healthy individuals low levels are uncommon and the human liver stores vitamin B-12 for many years. (myworldnews24.com)
  • There is accumulating evidence that high vitamin B12 levels (values varied from 350-1,200 pmol/l) are associated with haematological and hepatic disorders, in particular with malignancy. (nih.gov)
  • An association between pediatric pseudotumor cerebri and low serum vitamin A levels has been observed even when other manifestations of xerophthalmia are not evident. (medscape.com)
  • Normal serum vitamin D levels. (medscape.com)
  • Two of these diseases, congenital abetalipoproteinemia and familial isolated vitamin E deficiency , are chronic and result in extremely low vitamin E levels. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • While one dose can sufficiently raise blood levels of vitamin E, multiple doses may be required. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It is highly unlikely that a person has low levels of vitamin E unless they have an underlying chronic disease, a genetic condition, or a diet extremely low in fat. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Vitamin-D deficient patients had higher sputum levels of inflammatory markers and demonstrated a more rapid decline in lung function over 3 years follow-up. (bmj.com)
  • Vitamin-D deficient patients had, however, higher levels of Vitamin-D Binding Protein in sputum sol. (bmj.com)
  • In some areas in the world, vitamin C deficiency is very common - population studies in Brazil and Mexico have shown that 30 to 40 per cent of the pregnant women have too low levels of vitamin C, and the low level is also found in their foetuses and new-born babies. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Also, the doctor was not happy that it was healing slowly so he ordered a blood test for vitamin d levels. (cancer.org)
  • I am aware there seems to be much hype about low vitamin d levels but I am beginning to be a believer. (cancer.org)
  • Thus, evaluating vitamin D levels in people with diabetes may be warranted. (jabfm.org)
  • John Jacob Cannell, MD, of the Vitamin D Council and a number of other medical experts, including Michael Holick, MD, and Robert Heaney, MD, cite approximately 2,900 studies that illuminate the relationship between prohormone vitamin D levels and many aspects of human health. (anh-usa.org)
  • In fact, low levels of vitamin D are linked to higher rates of mortality. (anh-usa.org)
  • Yes, Crestor, o ne of the statin drugs, appears to raise vitamin D levels by some unknown mechanism , but as John J. Cannell, MD, of the Vitamin D Council wrote in its September 2009 newsletter, " that is one expensive way to raise Vitamin D levels" . (anh-usa.org)
  • Risk factors for levels of vitamin A (n =1,054) and vitamin D (n =150) were assessed among children aged 6 to 59 months using chi-square tests and logistic regression for each outcome. (ennonline.net)
  • Vitamin B plays an important role in maintaining the good health of the human body by regulating body energy levels, metabolism, and cellular functions. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • For mothers about to give birth, Vitamin B increases energy levels and reduces the risk of preeclampsia. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • Apart from this, low levels of this vitamin may lead to a disrupted immune system and cell production as well. (ndtv.com)
  • It was found that low levels of vitamin D in childhood were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis over 25 years later in adulthood. (ndtv.com)
  • The study examined the link between low vitamin D levels in childhood and an increased carotid intima-thickness (IMT) in adults. (ndtv.com)
  • Our results showed an association between low vitamin D levels in childhood and increased occurrence of subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood," said one of the authors Markus Juonala from University of Turku Finland. (ndtv.com)
  • The study concluded that those with low levels of vitamin D in childhood had a significantly higher prevalence of high-risk IMT as adults, therefore such participants were more susceptible to risks of cardiovascular diseases. (ndtv.com)
  • High cortisol levels (caused by stress or medications like steroids) are associated with lower vitamin D levels . (chriskresser.com)
  • Obesity reduces the biologic activity of vitamin D. Obese people have lower serum levels of vitamin D because it gets taken up by fat cells. (chriskresser.com)
  • People on low-fat diets, and people with conditions that impair fat absorption (like IBS, IBD, gall bladder or liver disease) are more likely to have low levels of vitamin D. (chriskresser.com)
  • We now know that certain people with normal serum levels of vitamin D still suffer from deficiency symptoms. (chriskresser.com)
  • The primary measure to determine the effect of the treatment will be reduced levels of Homocysteine in subjects with B12 deficiency combined with C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • This study is the first to find a connection between vitamin D levels and inflammation in a large sample of older individuals. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Ensuring older individuals have optimal vitamin D levels may be a way to boost immune function in this population, but this needs to be confirmed through additional studies. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The team followed 957 Irish adults, all of whom were at least 60 years old, as part of their observational study investigating vitamin D levels and immune function biomarkers. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Participants who were vitamin D deficient were more likely to have high levels of these biomarkers, which are linked to cardiovascular disease and inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, said the team. (nutraingredients.com)
  • In a multivariate regression model, greater G- AUC was associated with lower 25(OH)D levels independently of BMI and seasonal vitamin D variations. (bvsalud.org)
  • One trial used 2000 μg/day vitamin B 12 and showed higher vitamin B 12 blood levels in favour of oral vitamin B 12 . (cochrane.org)
  • Low quality evidence shows oral and IM vitamin B 12 having similar effects in terms of normalising serum vitamin B 12 levels, but oral treatment costs less. (cochrane.org)
  • Our primary outcomes were serum vitamin B 12 levels, clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin B 12 deficiency, and adverse events. (cochrane.org)
  • The blood was well-preserved, and researchers were able to test for vitamin D levels decades later. (news24.com)
  • Although there is no consensus on optimal levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D as measured in serum, vitamin D deficiency is defined by most experts as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of less than 50 nmol per liter [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two trials reported data for serum vitamin B12 levels. (qxmd.com)
  • Stage 1, or nonanemic iron deficiency, is diagnosed when ferritin (storage form of iron) levels drop below a blood level of 12 ug/dl. (active.com)
  • How to test for vitamin levels and deficiencies? (privatemdlabs.com)
  • Laboratory tests determine the vitamin levels and deficiencies in your body from a standard blood sample. (privatemdlabs.com)
  • Also, testing vitamin levels can benefit anyone displaying vitamin deficiency symptoms (read below for common symptoms). (privatemdlabs.com)
  • Symptoms that arise from low levels of vitamins in the body can differ depending on the specific vitamin that is deficient. (privatemdlabs.com)
  • If you don't consume meat or animal products as part of your diet then you need to pay close attention to your levels as B vitamins are rare in plants. (privatemdlabs.com)
  • Low vitamin B12 levels can lead to medical issues so a regular test is advised. (privatemdlabs.com)
  • Vitamin D3 has also been shown to support naturally high testosterone levels in men. (allstarhealth.com)
  • Vitamin D could play a vital role in stopping the spread of Covid-19 and sufficient levels of the sunshine vitamin could 'cut mortality levels in half', findings suggest. (the-sun.com)
  • Researchers looked at data from clinics and hospitals in the UK, US, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, China, France, Germany, Iran and South Korea and found that patients from countries with higher mortality rates had lower levels of vitamin D compared to those in areas that were not as severely affected. (the-sun.com)
  • Backman and his team, including postdoctoral research associate Ali Daneshkhah decided to look into vitamin D levels after noticing unexplained mortality rates in various countries. (the-sun.com)
  • The team found a strong correlation between vitamin D levels and a hyperinflammatory condition caused by an overactive immune system called the cytokine storm. (the-sun.com)
  • Do You Know Your Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Levels? (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • Generally, you can find these lower levels of vitamins in older people because they can have some problem with their nutrition. (medscape.com)
  • B 12 deficiency is also known to be accompanied by higher levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), possibly leading to neurogenic inflammation of the airway. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, describing how vitamin D levels fluctuate month-to-month may provide a basis for implementing public health strategies to increase 25(OH)D levels when deficiency is most acute. (cdc.gov)
  • Ill people will spend less time outdoors and will have also lower levels of vitamin D. (wjst.de)
  • isolated 25-OH vitamin D serum levels have only limited explanatory value. (wjst.de)
  • Results were largely discrepant: The Gale study reported a more than 5-fold increased risk on asthma by high maternal vitamin D serum levels, while the Devereux study showed a 0.3-fold reduced risk on wheezing by questionnaire derived exposure estimates. (wjst.de)
  • Lower vitamin C and B6 levels, which can compete with vitamin B5 for absorption. (draxe.com)
  • Vitamin D is converted into a hormone that is derived from the liver and kidneys, and it acts as a regulator of calcium and phosphorous levels and strength. (ths-egypt.com)
  • Do not use vitamin D3 if you have high calcium levels. (ths-egypt.com)
  • If you're vegan, ask your doctor to check your vitamin B12 levels regularly to make sure you're getting enough. (buzzstory.net)
  • Studies have linked lower levels of B-12 to dementia and poor cognitive function. (memorytrees.org)
  • Another study found that among 800 military men in Finland, those with lower vitamin D levels took significantly more days from active duty to recover from upper respiratory infections than recruits with higher vitamin D levels (above 40nmol). (drardyceyik.com)
  • Other studies show that people with adequate levels of vitamin D are less likely to get the flu, and when they do, they tend to recover faster compared to those who are deficient. (drardyceyik.com)
  • All berries are great food choices, but blueberries rise to the top thanks to their high levels of Vitamin C and polyphenols. (ourfulltable.com)
Body's6
  • It is among the body's main antioxidants , and a deficiency results in oxidative stress , which can lead to muscle weakness. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Hi Max, I know you like to stay on top of lab tests, so FYI, the most accurate way to measure your body's vitamin d level is the 25-hydroxy vitamin d blood test. (cancer.org)
  • Popularly known as the 'sunshine vitamin', Vitamin D is one of the most important elements for our body's development. (ndtv.com)
  • Scientists controlled for factors that could have affected a woman's vitamin D status, including race, pre-pregnancy body mass index, number of previous pregnancies, smoking, diet, physical activity and sunlight exposure , which is the body's primary source of vitamin D. (news24.com)
  • You may not know it, but common over the counter acid suppressing drugs can interfere with the body's absorption of Vitamin B12, leading eventually to a deficiency. (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • Vitamin C is essential for protecting the body's defenses against deficiency diseases like scurvy, a weakened immune system, and flu. (basmati.com)
Metabolism12
  • Rare genetic forms of rickets occur because of defects in vitamin D metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • 4 ,5 Animal studies suggest that, in addition to the impact that chronic renal failure has on increasing the likelihood of 1,25(OH)2D3 deficiency and insufficiency caused by the kidney's role in vitamin D metabolism, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency also have an active role in the progression of kidney disease. (jabfm.org)
  • Recent evidence shows that the role of vitamin D goes beyond calcium and phosphorous metabolism (3). (who.int)
  • Many extra skeletal illnesses have been associated with vitamin D deficiency, such as those related to fuel metabolism, the cardiovascular system, cancer and the immune system (1,3). (who.int)
  • Vitamin B6 or Pyridoxine supports over 100 enzyme reactions including brain development, stronger immune system, breakdown of carbohydrates and fats, and metabolism of amino acid. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • When the body lacks this vital vitamin, brain development, immune response and metabolism are hampered. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • A latest study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism explains that Vitamin D deficiency can pose a serious threat to your child as well. (ndtv.com)
  • The study, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM), investigated the association between vitamin D status and immune markers of inflammation in a large sample of older adults. (nutraingredients.com)
  • In addition, while assessing carbohydrate metabolism, it was determined that the lack of vitamin D may cause a greater level of glycemia and a higher risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 14 , 15 , 22 , 24 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • illustrates how these deficiencies affect the composition and function of gut microbiota, and further, how different species realize changes in gene expression and cellular metabolism to cope with micronutrient shortages. (cell.com)
  • Vitamin B is responsible for your energy, focus and metabolism. (privatemdlabs.com)
  • Vitamin B-12 is also essential for proper red blood cell production, homocysteine metabolism, and the maintenance of a healthy gastrointestinal tract. (vitacost.com)
20171
  • 2017. Vitamin B12 deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective observational pilot study. . (weillcornell.org)
Clinical11
  • Dr Out commented, "With over 100 million prescriptions of metformin per year, many patients may be at risk," adding that clinical options include screening for vitamin B 12 deficiency after 4 years of metformin use or simply supplementing all patients, possibly with a combination metformin-vitamin B 12 pill. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common condition which can present with non-specific clinical features, and in severe cases with neurological or haematological abnormalities. (nih.gov)
  • This review focuses on the developments in the clinical features and management of vitamin B12 deficiency over the last decade. (nih.gov)
  • Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. (medscape.com)
  • 30nmol/L] and biochemical osteomalacia [vitamin D deficiency and elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and/or parathormone (PTH)] as per clinical guidelines. (frontiersin.org)
  • The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical importance of vitamin-D deficiency in patients with bronchiectasis. (bmj.com)
  • In the latest issue of the well-known scientific journal the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , a group of researchers headed by professor Jens Lykkesfeldt shows that guinea pigs subjected to moderate vitamin C deficiency have 30 per cent less hippocampal neurones and markedly worse spatial memory than guinea pigs given a normal diet. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Future trials should also measure important outcomes such as the clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin B 12 deficiency, health related-quality of life, socioeconomic effects, and report adverse events adequately, preferably in a primary care setting. (cochrane.org)
  • Multiple carboxylase deficiency: clinical and biochemical improvement following neonatal biotin treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Biotinidase deficiency: initial clinical features and rapid diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical Laboratory Scientist Job in Highland, CA. Clinical Lab Scientist II -WD - Highland,CA - Monday-Friday 3:30pm to 12:00mn … weather next 3 months Quest Diagnostics is an American clinical laboratory. (manufakturamuch.pl)
Rickets9
  • Vitamin D deficiency is the most common cause of nutritional rickets. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin D-dependent rickets type I occurs because of a defect in the renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase that results in decreased 1,25(OH) 2 D production. (medscape.com)
  • Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II occurs when a mutation exists in the VDR. (medscape.com)
  • The uptake of vitamins however is very variable ( 5 ) which has led to the resurgence of nutritional rickets in several high latitude countries ( 8 ), especially where food fortification with vitamin D is not mandated. (frontiersin.org)
  • The old school ailment for lack of vitamin d was (is) rickets. (cancer.org)
  • Severe vitamin D deficiency impairs bone mineralization leading to osteomalacia and rickets (2). (who.int)
  • Health experts also suggest that in a few cases vitamin D deficiency may lead to rickets and bone deformities in children. (ndtv.com)
  • However, rickets can be considered only the tip of the vitamin D deficiency iceberg. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Any association of vitamin D deficiency and asthma is very unlikely as during the most severe rickets epidemics in the 19th century, asthma was largely unknown (Wjst 2009). (wjst.de)
Neural tube de2
  • Furthermore, the interactions between the nutritional environment and genotype might have an important influence on vitamin B12, chronic disease risk, and risk of neural tube defects. (researchgate.net)
  • In sum, vitamin B12 may assist in the protection against persistent disease and neural tube defects. (researchgate.net)
Chronic9
  • Cheshire J, Kolli S. Vitamin A deficiency due to chronic malabsorption: an ophthalmic manifestation of a systemic condition. (medscape.com)
  • If a fraction of the findings are accurate, and vitamin D can help prevent 17 different cancers and lower the incidence of heart disease, stroke, chronic pain, Parkinson's disease and immune-system dysfunction, why are public-health officials dragging their feet? (anh-usa.org)
  • To review recent evidence that suggests vitamin B12 is associated with risk reduction for some chronic diseases and birth defects. (researchgate.net)
  • Vitamins for chronic disease prevention in adults: Scientific review. (saratoga.com)
  • December 15, 2009 (Buenos Aires, Argentina) - Results of a new study show that sensory neuropathy due to deficiency of vitamin B 12 might be a factor in unexplained chronic cough and dysfunction of the pharynx and larynx. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, this deficiency was pursued as a possible cause of unexplained chronic cough. (medscape.com)
  • the control group consisted of 15 chronic-cough patients with no detected nutritional deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Of course, we need more data to confirm the fact that there is a strong association between these 2 cofactors [chronic cough and the B 12 deficiency]," acknowledged Dr. Guida. (medscape.com)
  • Bones, and also known to strengthen the skin and skin Vitamin D deficiency is dangerous to the human body, causing it to suffer from chronic fatigue and pain. (ths-egypt.com)
Insufficiency10
  • To evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency with diabetic nephropathy across racial/ethnic groups. (jabfm.org)
  • 20 ng/mL vitamin D deficiency, 20 to 29 ng/mL vitamin D insufficiency, and ≥30 ng/mL normal vitamin D. (jabfm.org)
  • Overall, 30.7% of adults with diabetes have nephropathy, 48.9% have vitamin D deficiency and 36.6% have vitamin D insufficiency. (jabfm.org)
  • 95% CI, 1.12-2.85 for vitamin D insufficiency). (jabfm.org)
  • There is an independent association between vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency with the presence of nephropathy, even after adjustment for race/ethnicity and other variables. (jabfm.org)
  • Thus, in nondiabetic hypertensive patients , 25(OH)D deficiency /insufficiency could contribute to impaired glucose tolerance without directly affecting insulin sensitivity . (bvsalud.org)
  • And the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D between 50 and 75 nmol/L can be considered as a relative insufficiency of vitamin D in children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency (lower than 50 nMol/L) and insufficiency (50-75 nMol/L) was revealed in 59.1% and 27.8% of women, respectively. (aging-us.com)
  • Our results showed that vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent in the population of healthy women. (aging-us.com)
  • This high prevalence of insufficiency may result from a decreased ability to produce vitamin D endogenously during the winter months (10). (cdc.gov)
Nmol2
  • Data on sex and age were recorded and vitamin D level was measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Children were grouped as: vitamin D sufficient [25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L], vitamin D insufficient (51-74 nmol/L) and vitamin D deficient (≤ 50 nmol/L). (who.int)
  • Regression analysis showed that vitamin D level decreased by -2.164 nmol/L for each year of age. (who.int)
Disorders4
  • Routine medical examinations of refugees after arrival in resettlement states indicated hematologic and neurologic disorders caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • Vitamin B deficiency leads to hormonal imbalances, neuropsychiatric disorders, metabolic disorders, and several other problems. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • Vitamin B5 deficiency leads to metabolic disorders. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
Neurological3
  • When the deficiency is detected early, it may prevent neurological symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Untreated, vitamin B-12 deficiency can lead to neurological problems, such as persistent tingling in the hands and feet or problems with balance. (mayoclinic.org)
  • In addition to its muscular and neurological importance, vitamin D plays a vital role in general health and the health of bones and joints. (ths-egypt.com)
Dietary7
  • Although the deficiencies might be multifactorial, the main cause is thought to be the diet consumed by these refugees for nearly two decades in Nepal, which lacked meat, eggs, and dairy products, the major dietary sources of vitamin B12. (cdc.gov)
  • Among the 10% (n=7) of the siblings with hypocalcaemia, 86% (n=6/7) had concurrent dietary calcium deficiency and 71.4% (n= 5/7) reported symptoms in retrospect. (frontiersin.org)
  • Only 10-15% of dietary calcium is absorbed without vitamin D (1). (who.int)
  • Daily recommended Vitamin B intake depends on age, dietary preferences, medical conditions etc. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • Vitamin B12 is one of the dietary requirements necessary in the treatment of coronavirus patients. (researchgate.net)
  • Poor dietary iron intake may be the primary reason why female endurance athletes develop iron deficiencies. (active.com)
  • What killed the Orcadians was not dietary deficiency but disease. (delanceyplace.com)
Intrinsic factor3
  • Intrinsic factor is the chemical that binds to B 12 in our diet and allows us to absorb it. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • If portions of your stomach or intestines have been surgically removed, that can reduce the amount of intrinsic factor produced and the amount of space available for vitamin B-12 to be absorbed. (mayoclinic.org)
  • For example, people with an Intrinsic Factor deficiency cannot absorb vitamin B-12. (wonderlabs.com)
Absorption of vitamin4
  • Since vitamin D is absorbed in the small intestine, a leaky and inflamed GI tract - which is extremely common in people with low thyroid function - reduces the absorption of vitamin D. (chriskresser.com)
  • Not eating enough fat or not digesting fat properly reduces absorption of vitamin D. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, which means it requires fat to be absorbed. (chriskresser.com)
  • Crohn's disease and celiac disease can interfere with absorption of vitamin B-12, as can tapeworms that may be ingested from eating contaminated fish. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B-6 in the chicken (Gallus domesticus). (medscape.com)
Health28
  • Are Your Health Problems Actually Vitamin B 12 Deficiency Symptoms? (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Home / Health / Vitamin B-12 Deficiency: How We Can Treat It? (myworldnews24.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences. (medscape.com)
  • Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D: a novel approach for enhancing vitamin D nutritional health. (medscape.com)
  • An extremely low level of vitamin E in the blood can indicate an underlying health issue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Given the evidence that as many as 77 percent of Americans are vitamin D deficient , this is clearly a public-health issue. (anh-usa.org)
  • In January 2009, William Faloon of the Life Extension Foundation wrote an excellent article on the public-health consequences of ignoring vitamin D deficiency (in 2010 the article was printed in the book FDA Failure, Deception, and Abuse , published by Praktikos Books). (anh-usa.org)
  • In the January 6, 2010, issue of Globe and Mail , published in Canada, environmental reporter Martin Mittelstaedt reported that the Ontario government is considering an end to payments for vitamin D testing , even though the Ontario Ministry of Health had asked its medical advisory committee to determine the vitamin D status of all Canadians. (anh-usa.org)
  • Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem in children. (who.int)
  • Public health policies or interventions are suggested to improve vitamin D status in Bahrain, especially for school-aged children. (who.int)
  • Despite several preventive approaches, vitamin D deficiency has remained a global health problem in children (2,3,5). (who.int)
  • Vitamin B is required for maintaining proper hormonal and cholesterol balance, promoting nerve function, and ensuring cardiovascular health. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • As we all know, vitamin B plays a crucial role in maintaining good health and well-being. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • "Our data suggest vitamin D may be involved in maintaining the health of the immune system as well as the skeletal system," ​ added study co-author Dr Mary Ward, also the University of Ulster. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Helping the body to break down protein and aiding with the health of the nervous system, red blood cells and parts of the immune system is Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine. (naturalremedies.org)
  • Women who are deficient in vitamin D in the first 26 weeks of their pregnancy may be at risk of developing severe pre-eclampsia , a potentially life-threatening disorder diagnosed by an increase in blood pressure and protein in the urine, according to research by the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. (news24.com)
  • Severe pre-eclampsia poses much higher health risks to the mother and child, so linking it with a factor that we can easily treat, like vitamin D deficiency, holds great potential. (news24.com)
  • In children, the optimal level of serum 25(OH)D for general health is unknown and even more controversial than in adults, because there are fewer outcome data[ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, testing for vitamin deficiencies is important to recognize the need for a specific treatment and improvement in your diet to ensure good health. (privatemdlabs.com)
  • 4) osteoporosis and the potential health care cost savings when using the combination of calcium and vitamin D or when using magnesium. (saratoga.com)
  • These findings may have public health implications when recommending vitamin D for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease and related conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • Understanding the association between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk in Canadians may provide a clearer understanding of how this micronutrient modulates cardiometabolic disease and may inform public health strategies to curb the incidence of cardiometabolic disease in Canada and elsewhere. (cdc.gov)
  • After bariatric surgical treatment, individuals usually really feel fantastic yet still need to take a high-grade vitamin to keep their health in check. (b-cdn.net)
  • B-12 is essential to the health of red blood cells and the only way to consume B-12 is through animal products. (supplementpolice.com)
  • 4. Cabbage promotes brain health because of it vitamin K content. (basmati.com)
  • Feizabad E, Hossein-Nezhad A, Maghbooli Z, Ramezani M, Hashemian R, Moattari S. Impact of air pollution on vitamin D deficiency and bone health in adolescents. (bu.edu)
  • Because of their many nutritional benefits, prawns are considered by a variety of health experts to be among the, Prawns are a great source of high quality protein, and provide some of the most important vitamins and minerals that make up a healthy diet. (purefoodessentials.com)
  • Oysters and other shellfish are good choices, since they also provide vitamin B12, omega-3 fatty acids, and selenium-three other nutrients also associated with brain health. (ourfulltable.com)
Biotin5
  • Vitamin B7 or Biotin is needed for cellular communication and DNA regulation. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • Vitamin B7, or biotin, is another one that helps break down protein but it also does the same for carbohydrates and aids in the production of hormones. (naturalremedies.org)
  • Biotin is the drug of choice (DOC) for biotinidase deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Biotin deficiency may result in the urinary excretion of organic acids and changes in skin and hair. (medscape.com)
  • The recommended intake of biotin is relatively low in comparison to some other nutrients, such as electrolytes (magnesium and calcium, for example) and vitamin C. This means that it can be easy to not only meet your needs, but to also exceed them. (draxe.com)
Zinc4
  • Loss of hair could be an indication that your body is lacking in zinc, vitamin B-7, and vitamins A, D and E. Add pumpkin seeds, bananas, avocados, dairy products, whole grains, and raspberries to your diet. (wonderlabs.com)
  • Scientists from Academy for Micronutrient medicine in Germany and Boston University in the U.S. suggest that vitamin D and zinc may help reduce the risk of COVID-19. (scientificdiet.org)
  • In the current review, researchers suggest several micronutrients, such as vitamin D, retinol, vitamin C, selenium, and zinc are of special importance in supporting both the adaptive and innate immune systems. (scientificdiet.org)
  • Vitamin C and zinc play important roles in immune defence, so remember to eat foods high in those nutrients. (drardyceyik.com)
Symptomatic2
  • Aciphex delayed-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of symptomatic GERD in adolescents 12 years of age and above for up to 8 weeks. (drugs.com)
  • Wolf B, Spencer R, Gleason T. Hearing loss is a common feature of symptomatic children with profound biotinidase deficiency. (medscape.com)
Vegetarian1
  • You can also get vitamin B12 deficiency if you follow a vegan diet (meaning you don't eat any animal products, including meat, milk, cheese, and eggs) or you are a vegetarian who doesn't eat enough eggs or dairy products to meet your vitamin B12 needs. (webmd.com)
Immune system5
  • Vitamin B2 deficiency makes the immune system weak and makes the body vulnerable to diseases. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • Vitamin D plays an important role in balancing the Th1 (cell-mediated) and Th2 (humoral) arms of the immune system. (chriskresser.com)
  • Vitamin D3 has multiple functions in the body including the regulation of calcium absorption and supporting a healthy immune system. (allstarhealth.com)
  • Vitamins A and C assistance healthy and balanced skin, vision, immune system function, as well as growth. (b-cdn.net)
  • Vitamin D plays a very important role in supporting the immune system. (drardyceyik.com)
Absorb vitamin1
Lack of vitamin3
  • Some research suggests that a lack of vitamin E can inhibit the immune cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Vitamin B 12 deficiency (a lack of vitamin B 12 ) is very common. (cochrane.org)
  • The biggest concern should be for a lack of Vitamin B-12 consumption. (supplementpolice.com)
Intramuscular8
  • Does oral vitamin B 12 have similar effects as intramuscular injections of vitamin B 12 for people with vitamin B 12 deficiency? (cochrane.org)
  • Doctors are more likely to give vitamin B 12 using injections into the muscle (intramuscular injection) because they may be unaware of the option to use oral vitamin B 12 or uncertain about how well it works. (cochrane.org)
  • The studies randomised 153 participants (74 participants to oral vitamin B 12 and 79 participants to intramuscular vitamin B 12 ). (cochrane.org)
  • One study stated that no treatment-related side effects were seen in both the oral and intramuscular vitamin B 12 groups. (cochrane.org)
  • Orally taken vitamin B 12 showed lower treatment-associated costs than intramuscular vitamin B 12 in one trial. (cochrane.org)
  • Most people with vitamin B 12 deficiency are treated in primary care with intramuscular (IM) vitamin B 12 . (cochrane.org)
  • To assess the effects of oral vitamin B 12 versus intramuscular vitamin B 12 for vitamin B 12 deficiency. (cochrane.org)
  • Her laboratory findings revealed low Vitamin B. The attending doctor prescribed intramuscular daily vitamin B ampoules to replace and prevent further deterioration. (researchgate.net)
Neuropathy5
  • STOCKHOLM - Metformin-related vitamin B 12 deficiency might contribute to clinically significant peripheral neuropathy in diabetes patients, new research suggests. (medscape.com)
  • Dr Out and colleagues aimed to dissect the two opposite effects of metformin: a reduction in HbA 1c , which would be expected to improve neuropathy scores, and an increase in MMA, a marker of B 12 depletion leading to worsening of peripheral neuropathy. (medscape.com)
  • What I've seen happen in a number of people is that they develop what they thought was a diabetic neuropathy, not because they were diabetic, and not because of the blood sugar issue was creating the nerve damage, but because the drug they were taking for so many years was blocking the B-12, creating the Vitamin B-12 deficiency neuropathy. (glutenfreesociety.org)
  • Over time, a Vitamin B-12 deficiency can cause neuropathy. (glutenfreesociety.org)
  • Vitamin B 12 deficiency had been previously found to cause peripheral sensory neuropathy in many older patients, said Dr. Guida. (medscape.com)
Pregnant7
  • An estimate of the economic burden of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women in the United Kingdom. (medscape.com)
  • Like guinea pigs, human beings are dependent on getting vitamin C through their diet, and Jens Lykkesfeldt therefore speculate that vitamin C deficiency in pregnant and breast-feeding women may also lead to impaired development in foetuses and new-born babies. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Vitamin B is crucial for pregnant and lactating women as it assists in the brain development of the fetus. (bajajfinservmarkets.in)
  • Pregnant and breastfeeding women may require more of each vitamin. (mayoclinic.org)
  • In one of the largest studies to date, researchers studied blood samples collected from 700 pregnant women who later developed pre-eclampsia in an effort to examine a woman's vitamin D status during pregnancy and her risk of developing pre-eclampsia. (news24.com)
  • If our results hold true in a modern sample of pregnant women, then further exploring the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of pre-eclampsia would be warranted," said Dr Bodnar. (news24.com)
  • You should consult your doctor before taking vitamin D3 if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. (ths-egypt.com)
20201
  • As part of the Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic guidance, the Scottish government has recommended that people start getting a daily dose of vitamin D in April 2020. (drardyceyik.com)
Manifestations1
  • Hence early recognition is important, especially when the traditional manifestations of B12 deficiency like anaemia, macrocytosis or spinal cord symptoms are not prominent. (who.int)
Intake4
  • West KP Jr, Mehra S. Vitamin A intake and status in populations facing economic stress. (medscape.com)
  • The highest concentration of vitamin C is found in the neurons of the brain and in case of a low intake of vitamin C, the remaining vitamin is retained in the brain to secure this organ. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Due to the fact that the body is not able to soak up numerous minerals and vitamins, low intake of either one can create serious issues, including poor nutrition. (b-cdn.net)
  • This means getting adequate amounts can easily get neglected without regular fish intake, so aim to eat a 4- to 6-ounce serving of fatty fish like salmon two to three times per week to load up on those brain-essential omega-3s and vitamin D. (ourfulltable.com)
Adults7
  • We describe the potential roles of malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency as risk factors for severe measles in adults from this community. (cdc.gov)
  • To date, we did not find published data associating vitamin A deficiency with severe measles among adults. (cdc.gov)
  • In adults, vitamin D deficiency results in osteomalacia, which presents as a poorly mineralized skeletal matrix. (medscape.com)
  • In adults with a severe vitamin D deficiency, the examination can reveal periosteal bone pain. (medscape.com)
  • It is not yet known to what extent new-born babies in Denmark or the Western World suffer from vitamin C deficiency but a conservative estimate would be 5 to 10 per cent based on the occurrence among adults. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Table 1 shows the recommended dosage of Aciphex delayed-release tablets in adults and adolescent patients 12 years of age and older. (drugs.com)
  • Led by Professor Sean (JJ) Strain from the University of Ulster, the Irish research team demonstrated significant associations between low vitamin D status and markers of inflammation (including the ratio of IL-6 to IL-10) within elderly adults. (nutraingredients.com)
Impair2
  • PhysOrg.com) -- Faculty of Life Sciences at University of Copenhagen shows that vitamin C deficiency may impair the mental development of new-born babies. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Deficiencies in these immune-relevant micronutrients can impair immune function and reduce resistance to infections. (scientificdiet.org)
Depression3
  • Vitamin B-12 and Depression: Are They Related? (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is widely known that Vitamin D is linked to calcium and bone growth, but the deficiency has also been linked to depression among Malaysian women. (vitanetonline.com)
  • The benefit of vitamin D3 is that it treats depression that accompanies residents of areas where sunlight does not appear. (ths-egypt.com)
Common8
  • B12 deficiency and iron deficiency are common secondary deficiencies (of vitamin D deficiency) that also affect sleep. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Impaired vision, particularly at night: Because of the essential role of vitamin A in photoreceptor function, night blindness is the earliest and most common symptom of its deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • In high latitude countries with reduced Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation vitamin D deficiency is very common given that its main source is skin synthesis following UVB exposure ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Deficiency is also common in newborns and babies born prematurely who have lower birth weights and less fat. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Conclusions Vitamin-D deficiency is common in bronchiectasis and correlates with markers of disease severity. (bmj.com)
  • Vitamin-D deficiency is common in bronchiectasis and is associated with a higher frequency of bacterial colonisation, more exacerbations and worse quality of life. (bmj.com)
  • Vitamin B 12 deficiency is common, and the incidence increases with age. (cochrane.org)
  • A common drug combination, metformin for diabetes and an acid-suppressing drug for heartburn, can cause vitamin B12 deficiency. (peoplespharmacy.com)
Iron deficiencies1
  • And because it is in only a few types of food, iron deficiencies that cause severe exhaustion are surprisingly widespread, especially for women. (purefoodessentials.com)
Reported that 2 of 30 participants2
  • One study reported that 2 of 30 participants in the oral vitamin B 12 group left the trial early due to side effects. (cochrane.org)
  • One trial reported that 2 of 30 participants (6.7%) in the oral vitamin B12 group left the trial early due to adverse events. (qxmd.com)
Include2
  • A variety of drugs reduce absorption or biologic activity of vitamin D. Unfortunately, these include drugs that are among the most popular and frequently prescribed - including antacids, replacement hormones, corticosteroids, anticoagulants and blood thinners. (chriskresser.com)
  • Bariatric vitamins include calcium and also vitamin D, as well as they're important for life after weight-loss surgery If you have actually had bariatric surgical treatment, your diet will likely be dramatically lowered, putting you in danger of nutritional shortages. (b-cdn.net)
Neonatal3
  • Several factors indicate that the neonatal brain , in contrast to other tissue, is particularly vulnerable to even a slight lowering of the vitamin C level. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In Bahrain, two published studies on vitamin D status looked at neonatal and adult age groups (12,13). (who.int)
  • Wolf B. Worldwide survey of neonatal screening for biotinidase deficiency. (medscape.com)
Foods7
  • You can get vitamin B12 in animal foods, which have it naturally, or from items that have been fortified with it. (webmd.com)
  • While most people are not deficient in B vitamins (since these vitamins can be easily obtained from foods), older people and those taking medication to reduce stomach acid may be low in B-12 and taking it can help slow age-related decline in memory . (consumerlab.com)
  • This can happen if you don't eat enough foods containing vitamin B-12 and folate, or if your body has trouble absorbing or processing these vitamins. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Some foods have been fortified with B-12, including some breakfast cereals and some nutritional yeast products. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Most people get enough vitamins from the foods they eat. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Use of carotene-rich foods to combat vitamin A deficiency in India : a multicentric study / edited by Subadra Seshadri. (who.int)
  • Like iron, most foods rich in vitamin B12 are animal products, so vegetarians may have a hard time getting enough. (buzzstory.net)
Urinary Diversions and Neobladders Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Preoperative Details
Urinary Diversions and Neobladders Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Preoperative Details (medscape.com)
Vitamin A Deficiency Among Children ---Federated States of Micronesia, 2000
Vitamin A Deficiency Among Children ---Federated States of Micronesia, 2000 (cdc.gov)
Metformin Link to Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Neuropathy in Diabetes
Metformin Link to Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Neuropathy in Diabetes (medscape.com)
DailyMed - METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE tablet, extended release
DailyMed - METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE tablet, extended release (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
Examining B12 Deficiency Associated With C677T Mutation on MTHFR Gene in Terms of Commonness and Endothelial Function - Full...
Examining B12 Deficiency Associated With C677T Mutation on MTHFR Gene in Terms of Commonness and Endothelial Function - Full... (clinicaltrials.gov)
Vitamin D Deficiency and Tuberculosis Progression - Volume 16, Number 5-May 2010 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Vitamin D Deficiency and Tuberculosis Progression - Volume 16, Number 5-May 2010 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
B Vitamins: MedlinePlus
B Vitamins: MedlinePlus (medlineplus.gov)
HIV-Associated Vacuolar Myelopathy: Overview, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology and Prognosis
HIV-Associated Vacuolar Myelopathy: Overview, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology and Prognosis (medscape.com)
Diabetic Neuropathy Differential Diagnoses
Diabetic Neuropathy Differential Diagnoses (medscape.com)
Clinical Utility of Evoked Potentials: Overview, Visual Evoked Potential, Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials
Clinical Utility of Evoked Potentials: Overview, Visual Evoked Potential, Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (medscape.com)
Radical Cystectomy Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Preoperative Details
Radical Cystectomy Treatment & Management: Medical Therapy, Surgical Therapy, Preoperative Details (medscape.com)
Multiple Sclerosis Workup: Approach Considerations, McDonald Criteria for MS Diagnosis, Blood Studies
Multiple Sclerosis Workup: Approach Considerations, McDonald Criteria for MS Diagnosis, Blood Studies (medscape.com)
Browsing by Subject Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
Browsing by Subject "Vitamin B 12 Deficiency" (extranet.who.int)
Prueba de vitamina E (tocoferol): Prueba de laboratorio de MedlinePlus
Prueba de vitamina E (tocoferol): Prueba de laboratorio de MedlinePlus (medlineplus.gov)
Healthy Tongue: Pictures, Conditions, Treatments, and More
Healthy Tongue: Pictures, Conditions, Treatments, and More (healthline.com)
No. 12 Texas honors slain Houston Christian star Darius Lee - WBOY.com
No. 12 Texas honors slain Houston Christian star Darius Lee - WBOY.com (wboy.com)
Pediatric Crohn Disease Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications
Pediatric Crohn Disease Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications (medscape.com)
Statin Drugs and Vitamin D Deficiency - Alliance for Natural Health USA - Protecting Natural Health
Statin Drugs and Vitamin D Deficiency - Alliance for Natural Health USA - Protecting Natural Health (anh-usa.org)
Perils and Pitfalls of Long-term Effects of PPIs
Perils and Pitfalls of Long-term Effects of PPIs (medscape.com)
(emedicine.medscape.com)
Fast Five Quiz: Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Fast Five Quiz: Vitamin B12 Deficiency (medscape.com)
Effect of 25(OH) D in PHPT & Coexistent Vitamin D Deficiency
Effect of 25(OH) D in PHPT & Coexistent Vitamin D Deficiency (medscape.com)
Vitamin D Deficiency in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Vitamin D Deficiency in Rheumatoid Arthritis (medscape.com)
Vitamin B12 Deficiency: What Form Is Best?
Vitamin B12 Deficiency: What Form Is Best? (medscape.com)