Vital capacity. Medical search

The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.

Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.

Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.

Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.

The rate of airflow measured during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination.

Measurement of rate of airflow over the middle half of a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination (from the 25 percent level to the 75 percent level). Common abbreviations are MMFR and FEF 25%-75%.

The volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration. It is the equivalent to each of the following sums: VITAL CAPACITY plus RESIDUAL VOLUME; INSPIRATORY CAPACITY plus FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY; TIDAL VOLUME plus INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME plus functional residual capacity; or tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME plus residual volume.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a maximal expiration. Common abbreviation is RV.

The amount of a gas taken up, by the pulmonary capillary blood from the alveolar gas, per minute per unit of average pressure of the gradient of the gas across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.

Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.

The airflow rate measured during the first liter expired after the first 200 ml have been exhausted during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are MEFR, FEF 200-1200, and FEF 0.2-1.2.

Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.

The maximum volume of air that can be inspired after reaching the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the TIDAL VOLUME and the INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is IC.

The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.

These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.

The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the RESIDUAL VOLUME and the EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is FRC.

Curves depicting MAXIMAL EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE, in liters/second, versus lung inflation, in liters or percentage of lung capacity, during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviation is MEFV.

Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.

Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.

A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.

Measurement of the maximum rate of airflow attained during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are PEFR and PFR.

Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.

The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.

A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).

The act of BREATHING in.

Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.

The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. Common abbreviation is ERV.

Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be breathed in and blown out over a sustained interval such as 15 or 20 seconds. Common abbreviations are MVV and MBC.

Difficult or labored breathing.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)

Enlargement of air spaces distal to the TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES where gas-exchange normally takes place. This is usually due to destruction of the alveolar wall. Pulmonary emphysema can be classified by the location and distribution of the lesions.

Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.

A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.

Complete or severe weakness of the muscles of respiration. This condition may be associated with MOTOR NEURON DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; injury to the PHRENIC NERVE; and other disorders.

Tests involving inhalation of allergens (nebulized or in dust form), nebulized pharmacologically active solutions (e.g., histamine, methacholine), or control solutions, followed by assessment of respiratory function. These tests are used in the diagnosis of asthma.

Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.

The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

The exercise capacity of an individual as measured by endurance (maximal exercise duration and/or maximal attained work load) during an EXERCISE TEST.

Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.

A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.

A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.

An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Measurement of the volume of gas in the lungs, including that which is trapped in poorly communicating air spaces. It is of particular use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.

A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.

Analogs or derivatives of scopolamine.

Care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities associated with the cardiopulmonary system. It includes the therapeutic use of medical gases and their administrative apparatus, environmental control systems, humidification, aerosols, ventilatory support, bronchopulmonary drainage and exercise, respiratory rehabilitation, assistance with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and maintenance of natural, artificial, and mechanical airways.

Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.

The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.

An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.

The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Helium. A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.

An activity in which the organism plunges into water. It includes scuba and bell diving. Diving as natural behavior of animals goes here, as well as diving in decompression experiments with humans or animals.

A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.

Therapeutic exercises aimed to deepen inspiration or expiration or even to alter the rate and rhythm of respiration.

Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.

A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Severe or complete loss of motor function in all four limbs which may result from BRAIN DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; or rarely MUSCULAR DISEASES. The locked-in syndrome is characterized by quadriplegia in combination with cranial muscle paralysis. Consciousness is spared and the only retained voluntary motor activity may be limited eye movements. This condition is usually caused by a lesion in the upper BRAIN STEM which injures the descending cortico-spinal and cortico-bulbar tracts.

Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.

An adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

Surgical removal of ribs, allowing the chest wall to move inward and collapse a diseased lung. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Absence of air in the entire or part of a lung, such as an incompletely inflated neonate lung or a collapsed adult lung. Pulmonary atelectasis can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression, fibrotic contraction, or other factors.

The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Spirometric technique in which the volume of air breathed in the right and left lung is recorded separately.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Recording of change in the size of a part as modified by the circulation in it.

Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.

The science, art, or technology dealing with processes involved in the separation of metals from their ores, the technique of making or compounding the alloys, the techniques of working or heat-treating metals, and the mining of metals. It includes industrial metallurgy as well as metallurgical techniques employed in the preparation and working of metals used in dentistry, with special reference to orthodontic and prosthodontic appliances. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p494)

Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.

The period following a surgical operation.

Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.

Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)

Analogs and derivatives of atropine.

A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.

Organizational development including enhancement of management structures, processes and procedures, within organizations and among different organizations and sectors to meet present and future needs.

A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

Any tests done on exhaled air.

The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.

The act of BREATHING out.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

The outer margins of the thorax containing SKIN, deep FASCIA; THORACIC VERTEBRAE; RIBS; STERNUM; and MUSCLES.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

A rapid onset form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with progressive widespread SKIN thickening over the arms, the legs and the trunk, resulting in stiffness and disability.

The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.

Devices that cause a liquid or solid to be converted into an aerosol (spray) or a vapor. It is used in drug administration by inhalation, humidification of ambient air, and in certain analytical instruments.

Organic compounds that contain the -NCO radical.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated via the mouth. It contains MUCUS, cellular debris, and microorganisms. It may also contain blood or pus.

Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.

The excision of lung tissue including partial or total lung lobectomy.

Drugs used for their effects on the respiratory system.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)

The time span between the beginning of physical activity by an individual and the termination because of exhaustion.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.

Injury following pressure changes; includes injury to the eustachian tube, ear drum, lung and stomach.

Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.

The aggregate business enterprise of manufacturing textiles. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and often other metals. It is used in medicine and dentistry in implants and instrumentation.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Surgical formation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, or the opening so created.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of ACETYLCHOLINE or cholinergic agonists.

Condition in which no acceleration, whether due to gravity or any other force, can be detected by an observer within a system. It also means the absence of weight or the absence of the force of gravity acting on a body. Microgravity, gravitational force between 0 and 10 -6 g, is included here. (From NASA Thesaurus, 1988)

X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

A product of hard secondary xylem composed of CELLULOSE, hemicellulose, and LIGNANS, that is under the bark of trees and shrubs. It is used in construction and as a source of CHARCOAL and many other products.

The productive enterprises concerned with food processing.

A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.

Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The ratio of alveolar ventilation to simultaneous alveolar capillary blood flow in any part of the lung. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.

An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.

That part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT or the air within the respiratory tract that does not exchange OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE with pulmonary capillary blood.

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).

A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets.

Surgical incision into the chest wall.

Hypersensitivity reactions which occur within minutes of exposure to challenging antigen due to the release of histamine which follows the antigen-antibody reaction and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

Agents that increase mucous excretion. Mucolytic agents, that is drugs that liquefy mucous secretions, are also included here.

Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. It is especially concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases and defects of the lungs and bronchial tree.

The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).

Supplies used in building.

Surgery performed on the lung.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.

A condition of BRONCHOCONSTRICTION resulting from hypersensitive reaction to inhaled dust during the initial processing of cotton, flax, or hemp in the textile industry. Symptoms include wheezing and tightness in the chest.

Diseases in persons engaged in cultivating and tilling soil, growing plants, harvesting crops, raising livestock, or otherwise engaged in husbandry and farming. The diseases are not restricted to farmers in the sense of those who perform conventional farm chores: the heading applies also to those engaged in the individual activities named above, as in those only gathering harvest or in those only dusting crops.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the bronchi.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta-methylacetylcholine (methacholine).

Deformities of the SPINE characterized by an exaggerated convexity of the vertebral column. The forward bending of the thoracic region usually is more than 40 degrees. This deformity sometimes is called round back or hunchback.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Large, long-tailed reptiles, including caimans, of the order Loricata.

A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.

Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke.

The position or attitude of the body.

Orthopedic appliances used to support, align, or hold parts of the body in correct position. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

Washing out of the lungs with saline or mucolytic agents for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is very useful in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients.

An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. This includes recreational walking, walking for fitness, and competitive race-walking.

Pyridine derivatives with one or more keto groups on the ring.

The amount of force generated by MUSCLE CONTRACTION. Muscle strength can be measured during isometric, isotonic, or isokinetic contraction, either manually or using a device such as a MUSCLE STRENGTH DYNAMOMETER.

Epicutaneous or intradermal application of a sensitizer for demonstration of either delayed or immediate hypersensitivity. Used in diagnosis of hypersensitivity or as a test for cellular immunity.

Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).

A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

The measurement of frequency or oscillation changes.

The determination of oxygen-hemoglobin saturation of blood either by withdrawing a sample and passing it through a classical photoelectric oximeter or by electrodes attached to some translucent part of the body like finger, earlobe, or skin fold. It includes non-invasive oxygen monitoring by pulse oximetry.

The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.

Drugs that are used to treat asthma.

Arterial blood gas tensions during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. (1/2375)

Arterial blood gas tensions were measured before and during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, with (group I) and without (group 2) sedation with intravenous diazepam. There was a highly significant fall in the PaO2, which occurred in both groups and was therefore not attributable to diazepam. Measurement of FEV, and FVC before endoscopy had no predictive value for those patients whose PaO2 fell the most. (+info)

Comparative total mortality in 25 years in Italian and Greek middle aged rural men. (2/2375)

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Mortality over 25 years has been low in the Italian and very low in the Greek cohorts of the Seven Countries Study; factors responsible for this particularity were studied in detail. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: 1712 Italian and 1215 Greek men, aged 40-59 years, cohorts of the Seven Countries Study, representing over 95% of the populations in designated rural areas. DESIGN: Entry (1960-61) data included age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking habits, total serum cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference, vital capacity (VC), and forced expiratory volume in 3/4 seconds (FEV); the same data were obtained 10 years later. Multivariate Cox analysis was performed with all causes death in 25 years as end point. MAIN RESULTS: Italian men had higher entry levels of SBP, arm circumference, BMI, and VC; Greek men had higher cholesterol levels, smoking habits, and FEV. Mortality of Italian men was higher throughout; at 25 years cumulative mortality was 48.3% and 35.3% respectively. Coronary heart disease and stroke mortality increased fivefold in Italy and 10-fold in Greece between years 10 and 25. The only risk factor with a significantly higher contribution to mortality in Italian men was cholesterol. However, differences in entry SBP (higher in Italy) and FEV (higher in Greece) accounted for, according to the Lee method, 75% of the differential mortality between the two populations. At 10 years increases in SBP, cholesterol, BMI, and decreases in smoking habits, VC, FEV, and arm circumference had occurred (deltas). SBP increased more and FEV and VC decreased more in Italy than in Greece. Deltas, fed stepwise in the original model for the prediction of 10 to 25 years mortality, were significant for SBP, smoking, arm circumference, and VC in Greece, and for SBP and VC in Italy. CONCLUSION: Higher mortality in Italian men is related to stronger positive effects of entry SBP and weaker negative (protective) effects of FEV; in addition 10 year increases in SBP are higher and 10 year decreases in FEV are larger in Italy. Unaccounted factors, however, related to, for example, differences in the diet, may also have contributed to the differential mortality of these two Mediterranean populations. (+info)

Double-blind intervention trial on modulation of ozone effects on pulmonary function by antioxidant supplements. (3/2375)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the acute effects of ozone on lung function could be modulated by antioxidant vitamin supplementation in a placebo-controlled study. Lung function was measured in Dutch bicyclists (n = 38) before and after each training session on a number of occasions (n = 380) during the summer of 1996. The vitamin group (n = 20) received 100 mg of vitamin E and 500 mg of vitamin C daily for 15 weeks. The average ozone concentration during exercise was 77 microg/m3 (range, 14-186 microg/m3). After exclusion of subjects with insufficient compliance from the analysis, a difference in ozone exposure of 100 microg/m3 decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 95 ml (95% confidence interval (CI) -265 to -53) in the placebo group and 1 ml (95% CI -94 to 132) in the vitamin group; for forced vital capacity, the change was -125 ml (95% CI -384 to -36) in the placebo group and -42 ml (95% CI -130 to 35) in the vitamin group. The differences in ozone effect on lung function between the groups were statistically significant. The results suggest that supplementation with the antioxidant vitamins C and E confers partial protection against the acute effects of ozone on FEV1 and forced vital capacity in cyclists. (+info)

Exhaled and nasal NO levels in allergic rhinitis: relation to sensitization, pollen season and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (4/2375)

Exhaled nitric oxide is a potential marker of lower airway inflammation. Allergic rhinitis is associated with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. To determine whether or not nasal and exhaled NO concentrations are increased in allergic rhinitis and to assess the relation between hyperresponsiveness and exhaled NO, 46 rhinitic and 12 control subjects, all nonasthmatic nonsmokers without upper respiratory tract infection, were randomly selected from a large-scale epidemiological survey in Central Norway. All were investigated with flow-volume spirometry, methacholine provocation test, allergy testing and measurement of nasal and exhaled NO concentration in the nonpollen season. Eighteen rhinitic subjects completed an identical follow-up investigation during the following pollen season. Exhaled NO was significantly elevated in allergic rhinitis in the nonpollen season, especially in perennially sensitized subjects, as compared with controls (p=0.01), and increased further in the pollen season (p=0.04), mainly due to a two-fold increase in those with seasonal sensitization. Nasal NO was not significantly different from controls in the nonpollen season and did not increase significantly in the pollen season. Exhaled NO was increased in hyperresponsive subjects, and decreased significantly after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, suggesting that NO production occurs in the peripheral airways. In allergic rhinitis, an increase in exhaled nitric oxide on allergen exposure, particularly in hyperresponsive subjects, may be suggestive of airway inflammation and an increased risk for developing asthma. (+info)

Orally exhaled nitric oxide levels are related to the degree of blood eosinophilia in atopic children with mild-intermittent asthma. (5/2375)

Increased levels of nitric oxide have been found in expired air of patients with asthma, and these are thought to be related to the airway inflammatory events that characterize this disorder. Since, in adults, bronchial inflammatory changes are present even in mild disease, the present study was designed to evaluate whether a significant proportion of children with mild-intermittent asthma could have increased exhaled air NO concentrations. Twenty-two atopic children (aged 11.1+/-0.8 yrs) with mild-intermittent asthma, treated only with inhaled beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists on demand and 22 age-matched controls were studied. NO concentrations in orally exhaled air, measured by chemiluminescence, were significantly higher in asthmatics, as compared to controls (19.4+/-3.3 parts per billion (ppb) and 4.0+/-0.5 ppb, respectively; p<0.01). Interestingly, 14 out of 22 asthmatic children had NO levels >8.8 ppb (i.e. >2 standard deviations of the mean in controls). In asthmatic patients, but not in control subjects, statistically significant correlations were found between exhaled NO levels and absolute number or percentage of blood eosinophils (r=0.63 and 0.56, respectively; p<0.01, each comparison). In contrast, exhaled NO levels were not correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or forced expiratory flows at 25-75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75%) or forced vital capacity (FVC), either in control subjects, or in asthmatic patients (p>0.1, each correlation). These results suggest that a significant proportion of children with mild-intermittent asthma may have airway inflammation, as shown by the presence of elevated levels of nitric oxide in the exhaled air. The clinical relevance of this observation remains to be established. (+info)

Risk factors for lower airway bacterial colonization in chronic bronchitis. (6/2375)

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for lower airway bacterial colonization (LABC) in stable chronic bronchitis (CB). Forty-one outpatients with CB were enrolled in the study (age 63.8+/-9.1 yrs (mean+/-SD); forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) 62.8+/-11.2; current/former smokers 24/17). All patients had normal chest radiographs and an indication for performing fibreoptic bronchoscopy (pulmonary nodule, remote haemoptysis). The protected specimen brush (PSB) was used for bacterial sampling, and concentrations > or = 1,000 colony-forming units (cfu) x mL(-1) were considered positive for LABC. The repeatability of the procedure in CB was assessed in a random subsample of 18 subjects. A 72.2% quantitative agreement was found in the repeatability assessment of the PSB technique. Positive PSB cultures, obtained in 9 out of 41 (22%) patients, mainly yielded Haemophilus influenzae. The logistic regression model, used to determine which variables were related to colonization, showed that LABC was associated with current smoking (odds ratio (OR) 9.83, confidence interval (CI) 1.16-83.20) and low FVC (OR 0.73, CI 0.65-0.81). Age and FEV1 were not related to LABC. It was concluded that the prevalence of LABC in stable CB is high (22%), and current smoking is an important risk factor. (+info)

Predisposing factors to bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (7/2375)

The aim of this prospective observational study was to determine those factors influencing bacterial colonization in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eighty-eight outpatients with stable COPD and 20 patients with normal spirometry and chest radiography (controls) had a fibreoptic bronchoscopy performed with topical aerosol anaesthesia. Bacterial colonization was determined using the protected specimen brush (PSB) with a cut-off > or = 10(3) colony-forming units (CFU x mL(-1)). The influence of age, degree of airflow obstruction, smoking habit, pack-yrs of smoking, and chest radiographic findings on bacterial colonization were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Significant bacterial growth was found in 40% of patients and in none of the controls. Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus viridans, S. pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis were the most frequent pathogens. After adjustment for other variables, severe airflow limitation (odds ratio (OR) 5.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45-17.9) and current smoking (OR 3.17, 95% CI 2.5-8) remained associated with positive bacterial cultures. When only potentially pathogenic micro-organisms were considered, significant bacterial growth was found in 30.7% of patients, with severe airflow obstruction (OR 9.28, 95% CI 2.19-39.3) being the only variable independently associated with positive bacterial cultures. Our results show that stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients have a high prevalence of bacterial colonization of distal airways which is mainly related to the degree of airflow obstruction and cigarette smoking. (+info)

A pilot study of low-dose erythromycin in bronchiectasis. (8/2375)

Patients with bronchiectasis suffer from sputum production, recurrent exacerbations, and progressive airway destruction. Erythromycin is effective in diffuse panbronchiolitis, another suppurative airway disorder, although its efficacy is unknown in idiopathic bronchiectasis. A double-blind placebo-controlled study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effects of 8-week administration of low dose erythromycin (500 mg b.i.d.) in steady-state idiopathic bronchiectasis. Patients in the erythromycin group (n=11, 8 female, mean age 50+/-15 yrs), but not the placebo group (n=10, 8 female, mean age 59+/-16 yrs) had significantly improved forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity and 24-h sputum volume after 8 weeks (p<0.05). There was no parallel improvement in sputum pathogens, leukocytes, interleukin (IL)-1alpha and IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, or leukotriene B4. The results of this pilot study show that low-dose erythromycin improves lung function and sputum volume in bronchiectasis. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the efficacy of long-term erythromycin therapy in bronchiectasis. (+info)

Hutchinson is regarded as the inventor of vital capacity because he found that with every inch of height vital capacity ... including residual volume and vital capacity. 1846 The water spirometer measuring vital capacity was developed by a surgeon ... describing the direct relationship between vital capacity and height and the inverse relationship between vital capacity and ... Evaluation of vital capacity has influenced other sectors of life other than medicine as well, including evaluation of life ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirometer

... percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC); systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery; mean pressure of the pulmonary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_allocation_score

This was vital to improve capacity of the station. The new signal box became operational in late 2005 and will allow faster ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_(Main)_Hauptbahnhof

"Vital statistics - Technical details, floor plans and capacity charts" (PDF). Excel London. Retrieved 27 September 2022. " ... ExCeL London was divided into five sports halls with capacities ranging from 5,000 to 7,000 that were used for boxing, fencing ... 2008 attracting over 400,000 visitors to the venue and included a Music Festival with live performances in a 5,000 capacity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExCeL_London

Most people have forced vital capacity (FVC) scores above average. It has been proposed that this is the body's natural way to ... Many with Scheuermann's disease have very large lung capacities and males often have broad, barrel chests. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheuermann's_disease

... had a decline in forced vital capacity of at least 10%. In study 006, the difference between groups in forced vital capaticy ... Mean change in forced vital capacity FVC at week 72 was -9.0% in the pirfenidone group and -9.6% in the placebo group. The ... In study 004, pirfenidone reduced decline in forced vital capacity. Mean change in FVC at week 72 was -8.0% in the pirfenidone ... Pirfenidone 1800 or 1200 mg/day reduced the mean decline in vital capacity from baseline to week 52 compared with placebo. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirfenidone

Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity. Due to the chronic nature of this disease, the ... In restrictive lung disease, both forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) are reduced, ... One definition requires a total lung capacity which is 80% or less of the expected value. Medical treatment for restrictive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrictive_lung_disease

Organic carbon is vital to soil capacity to provide edaphic ecosystem services. The condition of this capacity is termed soil ... Water balance: greater soil water holding capacity reduces overland flow and recharge to groundwater; the water saved and held ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon

The maximum volume of breath that can be exhaled is called the vital capacity. In particular, how much a person is able to ... Smokers have a lower capacity than nonsmokers. Thinner persons tend to have a larger capacity. Lung capacity can be increased ... The summed total of forced inspiration and expiration is a person's vital capacity. Not all air is expelled from the lungs even ... Females tend to have a 20-25% lower capacity than males. Tall people tend to have a larger total lung capacity than shorter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung

The forced vital capacity may be monitored at intervals to detect increasing muscular weakness. Acutely, negative inspiratory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasthenia_gravis

Overall, the net change in maximum breathing capacity is zero. The tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory capacity and ... average vital capacity for males) weighs approximately 5.8 g. The results (in particular FEV1/FVC and FRC) can be used to ... or as a proportion of vital capacity (0.24 for men and 0.28 for women) or in relation to height and age ((0.0275* Age [Years]+ ... Functional residual capacity drops 18-20%, typically falling from 1.7 to 1.35 litres,[citation needed] due to the compression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_volumes

The limit to development is defined by the regenerative capacity of the Earth's vital cycles. When growth begins to break that ... It is wrong to put a price on the capacity of forests to act as carbon sinks, and worse to promote their commercialization as ... Just as human beings have rights, the Mother Earth also has the right to exist, the right to maintain its vital cycles, the ... Forests are not plantations that can be reduced to their capacity to capture carbon and provide environmental services. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmony_with_nature

In that capacity, Morrison played a vital role in bringing Black literature into the mainstream. One of the first books she ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Morrison

The primary test for efficacy measured the forced vital capacity, or FVC, which is a measure of lung function, defined as the ... The primary test for effectiveness was the forced vital capacity, which is a measure of lung function. It is defined as the ... It has been shown to slow down decrease in forced vital capacity, and it also improves people's quality of life. Nintedanib ... At the end of the observation period, nintedanib reduced the decline of forced vital capacity. In the study, diarrhoea was the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintedanib

Cultural acceptability and the local capacity to maintain equipment and buy spare parts are vital. Environment. Poor rural ... Capacity building and training. Training stakeholders to take over should begin from the start of any project and continue ... Ecological footprint accounting, based on the biological concept of carrying capacity, tracks the amount of land and water area ... Sustainability in development refers to processes and relative increases in local capacity and performance while foreign ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability_metrics_and_indices

The enormous sea shipping capacity is vital to Saudi Arabia given the absence of international pipelines. For many years ... Generation capacity is approximately 55 GW. A looming energy shortage requires Saudi Arabia to increase its capacity. Capacity ... It projects 17 GWe of nuclear capacity by 2032 to provide 15% of the power then, along with over 40 GWe of solar capacity. IEA ... This may be attributed to the report that 110 thousand m3 (700 thousand bbl) of excess capacity are needed to compensate for a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Saudi_Arabia

... vital capacity) and changes in expiratory function and lung elasticity. Tests in animals have indicated a variation in ... "Performance of various models in predicting vital capacity changes caused by breathing high oxygen partial pressures". Nedu-Tr- ... and the rate of cell damage exceeds the capacity of the systems that prevent or repair it. Cell damage and cell death then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity

... reducing the vital water-conducting capacity and induce wilting. On the other hand, the plant might be able to tolerate limited ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium_oxysporum

... that the capacity to love is a vital, rich, and all-consuming function of the human animal. And that you can find nobility and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Praise_of_Pip

Record Growth in Photovoltaic Capacity and Momentum Builds for Concentrating Solar Power Vital Signs, June 03, 2010. "China's ... "Wind power capacity needs to grow at thrice the current speed to reach net zero: Report". www.downtoearth.org.in. Retrieved ... For reach a 'net zero' emission status, the world needs to install at least 180 GW of new wind energy capacity by year. Vestas ... Tengger Desert Solar Park is the largest solar park in the world, with a capacity of 1,547MW. The park is located in Zhongwei, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_industry

An airway restriction would not produce a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio, but would reduce the vital capacity. The ventilation is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway_obstruction

The rs1455782 SNP was linked to decreased forced vital capacity, which is a measure of pulmonary function. The rs12148722 SNP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncharacterized_protein_C15orf32

In 1842, John Hutchinson invented the spirometer, which allowed the measurement of vital capacity of the lungs. However, his ... which is the greatest volume of air that can be breathed out in the first second of a breath and the forced vital capacity (FVC ... People with COPD also exhibit a decrease in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide due to decreased surface area in ... the capacity for exercise and quality of life. The placement of nitinol coils instead of valves is recommended where there is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease

This manifests as a reduction in lung volumes, particularly the vital capacity (VC) and total lung capacity (TLC). The TLC may ... asbestosis may produce reduction in diffusion capacity and a low amount of oxygen in the blood of the arteries. The cause of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestosis

Lung packing can increase the volume of air in the lungs by up to 50% of vital capacity. The pressure induced will reduce the ... The final pre-dive breath should be to full inspiratory capacity. If excited or anxious about the dive, the diver should take ... Thereafter a sequence of two breaths and 30 chest compressions is recommended, repeated until vital signs are re-established, ... lung packing or buccal pumping is a technique for inflating the lungs beyond their normal isobaric total capacity, which is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freediving_blackout

It has the capacity of filling 700 cylinders of oxygen per day. It was vital to make this plant serviceable to increase the ... A non-operational oxygen plant (Enn Dee Gases) with a capacity of filling 700 cylinders of oxygen per day, located at Rangreth ... oxygen production capacity in the valley. Indian Army in collaboration with Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL) as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devendra_Pratap_Pandey

In this capacity he positioned NOAA to be a recognized and vital contributor to the Nation's Homeland Security effort. Kenul ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_M._Kenul

Aerodynamic measures such as vital capacity and maximum phonation time (MPT) have also been used as an objective measure. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngopharyngeal_reflux

It reached its maximum about five minutes after the injection, coinciding with the maximum depression of the vital capacity. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubocurarine_chloride

If the lung was otherwise healthy, then certain aspects of lung function, such as vital capacity, may improve after ... "Pleural Thickening of Lungs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment". Mesothelioma Center - Vital Services for Cancer Patients & Families ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrothorax

"New competition vital for Wallabies". The Australian. Retrieved 25 August 2006.. [dead link] ... Capacity Home venues for the current season Gold Coast Bond Rugby Field 5,000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Coast_Aces

This is vital for both homeostatsis in a static environment, and metabolic adaptation to a changing environment or need.[22] ... increasing the cycle's capacity to metabolize acetyl-CoA when the tissue's energy needs (e.g. in heart and skeletal muscle) are ... In animals, regulation of blood glucose levels by the pancreas in conjunction with the liver is a vital part of homeostasis. ... thereby increasing the cycle's capacity to metabolize acetyl CoA, converting its acetate component into CO2 and water, with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

In Quadragesimo anno, Pius XI stated that social and economic issues are vital to the Church not from a technical point of view ... In 1922 he established the position of Apostolic Delegate to China, and the first person in that capacity was Celso Benigno ... Social and economic issues are vital to her not from a technical point of view but in terms of the moral and ethical issues ... any kind of religious education and the ordination of priests and bishops but offered agreements without the points vital to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI

... and keeping it shut was a vital objective. Changes in this region also concerned England, since control of ports on the North ... where he started a propaganda campaign backed by the world's largest per capita printing capacity.[94] England was soon flooded ... ensuring they retained control of vital trade routes. In late June, Johan de Witt resigned as Grand Pensionary, and Charles' ... English merchants were excluded from the vital Baltic trade in shipbuilding materials, while the loss of New Amsterdam and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Anglo-Dutch_War

The efficiency of the middle level is vital in any organization since they bridge the gap between top level and bottom level ... Human resources finds itself increasingly working with management in a training capacity to help collect management data on the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management

Even the stock pumps (regardless of brand and model) do not have enough relief valve capacity: the relief port is too small to ... The leading cause of low oil pressure in an engine is wear on the engine's vital parts. Over time, engine bearings and seals ... This lubricates the bearings, allows the use of higher-capacity fluid bearings and also assists in cooling the engine. ... this scavenge pump's flow-rate capacity must exceed that of the pump which pressurizes and distributes oil throughout the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pump_

After the 11 September 2001 attacks, it became a vital partner in the United States' Global War on Terrorism supporting U.S. ... Additionally, USTRANSCOM is building partnership capacity with other nations possessing air refueling competencies. Greater ... this fleet will begin to lose capacity in the mid to late-2020s, with significant losses in the 2030s.[citation needed] ... flag vessels represents a net decrease of over 327,000 square feet of roll-on/roll-off force projection capacity and over 600 U ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USTRANSCOM

There is also a lack of warehouse capacity. Altogether, it affects the quality of the service provided in the Port and thus ... whose film making industries are some of the most vital in the world. ... Major sports facilities in the city of Vukovar are: Borovo Sports Hall (capacity 3,000 spectators) opened for maintenance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vukovar

... "disregards our opinion in a matter of vital importance."[82] The Kaiser backed off, but would not approve Ludendorff's order ... but the retreating defenders could not be trapped because the wretched rail lines lacked the capacity to bring up the needed ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg

The trustees seek certain skills and competencies to improve the capacity of the Board. After the Analysis Committee completes ... Your input at this stage is vital, and we'd like to warmly invite you to participate in this final discussion period. ... and Analysis Committee members for taking part in this process and helping to grow the Board of Trustees in capacity and ...

https://shn.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ဝီႇၶီႇၽီးတီးယႃး:လၢၼ်ႉၼမ်ႉၼဵင်ႈ

For especially vital missions, like Voyager 2, non-DSN facilities normally used for radio astronomy can be added to the array.[ ... it has remained in continuous operation in one capacity or another ever since.[15] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network

The leaf is a vital source of energy production for the plant, and plants have evolved protection against animals that consume ... increasing the capacity for gas and heat exchange, as well as photosynthesis. Strong wind forces may result in diminished leaf ... and play a crucial role in the maintenance of leaf water status and photosynthetic capacity. They also play a role in the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaves

Industry is o vital importance for the economy o the province. Pernik is the major manufacturin centre, ane o the lairgest in ... but is currently no wirkin at full capacity. ...

https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernik_Province

Anderson, Robert N. (2005), "National Vital Statistics Reports", Encyclopedia of Human Development, SAGE Publications, Inc., ... the latter compounded by the impact of psychological problems on the capacity for social networking.[16] It appears that the ... According to the Center for Disease Control's 2015 Vital Signs report, Hispanics in the United States had a 24% lower risk of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_paradox

The government spent much of its revenue on the Royal Navy, which both protected the colonies of Britain but was vital in ... In time, industrial policy supplanted the heavy emphasis on money, accompanied by a shift in focus from the capacity to carry ... They were a small but important class as they not only facilitated commerce, but also communicated vital information across the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchantilism

... which significantly reduced operational capacity and efficiency,[10] and made timetable operations practically impossible.[76] ... it has been acknowledged that more inspections and construction will be needed to reactivate vital North Korean railway lines ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_State_Railway

Hundreds of black and white civil rights supporters were arrested,[68] and the jails were filled to capacity.[69] At the ... The United States, however, considered Florida vital to its political and military interests as it expanded its territory in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida

The U-2 "spy-in-the-sky" was allowed to use the Pakistan Air Force section of Peshawar Airport to gain vital photo intelligence ... for whom all members of the subcommittee have the highest regard and in whose military capacity they have the utmost confidence ... but vital); and finally that Americans should not be distracted from the real problems of the day. Eisenhower closed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-2_shootdown

In his capacity as Premier, Wen was regarded as the leading figure behind Beijing's economic policy. From 2002 to 2012, he held ... "China's Wen says yuan stability is vital". Nanjing. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wen_Jiabao

Newton Heath initially played on a field on North Road, close to the railway yard; the original capacity was about 12,000, but ... "Sir Alex Ferguson's ability to play the generation game is vital to Manchester United's phenomenal success". The Telegraph ... At the end of the 1998-99 season, second tiers were added to the East and West Stands, raising capacity to around 67,000, and ... The Taylor Report's requirement for an all-seater stadium lowered capacity at Old Trafford to around 44,000 by 1993. In 1995, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C.

Airport vital lifeline to relief effort Archived 2011-06-06 at the Wayback Machine. By Xin Dingding (China Daily), 2010-04-15 ... "We tried to send more supplies but there was not sufficient airlift capacity in the disaster area," an ROC Red Cross Society ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Yushu_earthquake

"Hospitals offer a vital indicator of fiscal health". Columbia Daily Tribune. June 17, 2007. Archived from the original on ... Faurot Field at Memorial Stadium, which has a capacity of 71,168, hosts home football games. The Hearnes Center and Mizzou ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri

This was vital to improve capacity of the station. The new signal box became operational in late 2005 and will allow faster ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_

While several of the factories attacked were operating at reduced capacity, the important Kamaishi and Wanishi Iron Works ... Despite the limited physical damage, the shelling caused increased labor absenteeism and disruption to vital services that ... the ironworks was running at less than half its capacity.[10] Allied prisoners of war had been assigned to work at the Nippon ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II

Even small fungi and microscopic plant organisms found on the soil surface (so-called cryptobiotic soil) can be a vital link in ... When they descend on the leeward side, they warm and their capacity to hold moisture increases so an area with relatively ... and the moisture storage capacity of the ground have a marked effect on the degree of aridity and the plant and animal life ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert

The overall solvation capacity of a solvent depends primarily on its polarity.[a] For example, a very polar (hydrophilic) ... Aqueous solubility is of fundamental interest owing to the vital biological and transportation functions played by water.[27][ ... Capacity of a substance to dissolve in a solvent in a homogeneous way ...

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He had gone there to relieve a famine in the country vital to Rome's food supply. The move upset Tiberius, because it had ... Germanicus entered the province in his capacity as proconsul without first seeking permission to do so. He returned to Syria by ...

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When he learns that the Narn have diverted the majority of their fleet to destroy a vital supply post on Gorash 7, he needles ... albeit in a limited capacity. Even so the Vorlon involvement turned the tide of that battle. The Shadows later broke into ...

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Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz had telephoned him at 2:40pm local time to inform him of the situation "in his capacity as a close ... "vital for Mauritania and for the maintenance of its democracy and its pluralism". Also on August 18, a pro-coup gathering, in ...

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The Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U.S. hydropower capacity. ... The Corps' mission is to "Deliver vital public and military engineering services; partnering in peace and war to strengthen our ...

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من المهم إقرار قيم مرجعية لوظائف الرئة لكل مجموعة سكانية. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على القيم المرجعية للقياسات التنفسية لدى الأطفال والمراهقين الأصحاء في المملكة العربية السعودية، واشتقاق معادلات للتنبؤ بقيمها.وقد أجرى ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Vital+Capacity&type=mesh

forced vital capacity Clinical Research Trial Listings on CenterWatch ... vital. capacity. ), FEF75 % (Forced expiratory flow at 75% of the pulmonary volume) pred), BMI (percentiles), P. aeruginosa ... Vital. Capacity. , pain and spasticity score, and quality of life. Thirty (30) participants ...

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FVC: forced vital capacity; DLCO: diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; HRCT: high resolution computed tomography; UIP: usual ... FVC: forced vital capacity; DLCO: diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; HRCT: high resolution computed tomography; UIP: usual ... HRCT: high resolution computed tomography; FVC: forced vital capacity; DLCO: diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; UIP: usual ... Forced vital capacity (FVC) higher than 80% has been considered early or mild IPF even for the design of clinical trials. ...

https://archbronconeumol.org/en-different-faces-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis-articulo-S0300289621001162

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment ...

https://vitalcapacities.com/473/

What is vital capacity ?. Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum ... Vital Lung Capacity in Relation to Heart & Lung Health. May 26, 2020. by Living Artisan ... "Vital capacity as a predictor of cardiovascular disease according to the Framingham study." Source : https://www.sciencedirect. ... Another way of saying this is lung capacity, elasticity, and the ability to breath well has a direct influence on heart health. ...

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Hi, my name is Vishal Kumaraswamy and welcome to my Virtual Studio.. Im a Bangalore based Artist & Filmmaker. Within my practice, I work across AI, text, video, sound and performance and I look for points of convergence between Caste, Race & Technology. My works weave speculative narratives & counter-mythologies in multiple Indian languages around themes of Artificial Intelligence, Gender & Labour.. Continue reading "00 Intro" ...

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Forced Vital Capacity. *Forced Expiratory Volume (1 sec). NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS ( ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-110/nmed0203.html

Forced vital capacity. This measurement, written as FVC, refers to the amount of air that a person can expel from their lungs ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/copd-stages?utm_source=ReadNext

... forced vital capacity, and FEV1. [7] However, the study did not demonstrate a definite benefit ofNPPV for mortality or ... Applying physiologic PEEP of 3-5 cm water is common to prevent decreases in functional residual capacity in those with normal ...

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If the expiratory vital capacity deviates significantly from the inspiratory vital capacity, there is probably a lung disease. ... The vital capacity is a parameter of spirometry. It provides information on the lung function when inhaling and exhaling. ... The expiratory and inspiratory vital capacities are static vital capacities. The forced vital capacity is a dynamic parameter. ... What is the vital capacity. The vital capacity is a parameter of spirometry. It provides information on the lung function when ...

https://healthandmedicineinfo.com/vitalkapazit-t-1X7

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Diffusion capacity to carbon monoxide (DLCO). *Expiratory reserve volume (ERV). *Forced vital capacity (FVC) ... To measure diffusion capacity, you breathe a harmless gas, called a tracer gas, for a very short time, often for only one ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003853.htm

forced vital capacity. IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer. NIOSH. National Institute for Occupational Safety and ...

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JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?rpp=20&offset=6153&etal=-1&sort_by=-1&type=mesh&starts_with_previous=W&order=ASC

Unlike obstructive lung diseases, including asthma and COPD, which show a normal or increased total lung capacity (TLC), ... A is a patient with restrictive lung disease (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), low forced vital capacity (FVC), but an increased ... with a forced expiratory volume in one second of 0.4 L/s and a forced vital capacity of 0.5 L. ... Pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CAPACITY): two randomised trials. Lancet. 2011 May 21. 377 (9779): ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/301760-medication

Office of Undergraduate Research. 206 Cater Hall. Auburn University, Alabama. 36849 USA. 334-844-5772. ...

http://our.auburn.edu/aujus/forced-vital-capacity-in-swimmers/

... forced vital capacity; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; IQR, interquartile range; PCD, primary ciliary dyskinesia. † ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/28/8/22-0464-t1

While the northern Indian equation gives the highest predicted vital capacity, this is true only for lower values of vital ... Regional variations in vital capacity in adult males in India: comparison of regression equations from four regions and impact ... Regional variations in vital capacity in adult males in India: comparison of regression equations from four regions and impact ... Predicted values of forced vital capacity (FVC), labelled as FVC(North), FVC(East), FVC(West) and FVC(South) were calculated ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/29190

In addition, vital capacity of low tolerance group by pressure load on thorax of 20 kg is indicated more suppressed than high ... Thoracoabdominal mechanics during relaxed and forced vital capacity. August 1979 · Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, ... and forced vital capacity (FVC). Chest wall configuration showed substantial departure from its relaxation characteristics ... The Viscous criterion accurately predicts the risk of vital organ and soft tissue injury when other criteria fail. ...

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Wilson, NC on Publics Vital Role in Deploying High Capacity Broadband. October 28, 2014. by CLIC ... NCs Reply comments on the the vital role the public plays in the deployment of high capacity broadband for our country:. "…the ... If the private sector will not provide communities the high-capacity fiber networks they need to drive and support economic ... it is fine for the federal government to subsidize low-capacity private networks, but it is inappropriate for communities to ...

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Home , Opinion pieces , It is vital to build capacity in the basic sciences in Africa ... It is vital to build capacity in the basic sciences in Africa. ... mg.co.za/education/2022-08-30-it-is-vital-to-build-capacity-in- ... Its an example of the continent working without borders to build capacity in the basic sciences. ...

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NIOSH-Publication; NIOSH-Grant; Physiological-factors; Pulmonary-functions; Respiratory-system-disorders; Vital-capacity; ... The difference in ventilatory capacity is attributed to body build and chest size, rather than to smoke inhalation and smoking ... with Italian firemen being found to have greater ventilatory capacity than Irish firemen. ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=respiratory&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=975&RecNo=9746&View=f&

Forced Vital Capacity. *Forced Expiratory Volume (1 sec). NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards DHHS ( ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-110/nmed0149.html

... to forced vital capacity (FVC) of less than 0.70 as assessed by spirometry after bronchodilator use. However, many smokers who ... and inspiratory capacity, and greater airway-wall thickening without emphysema according to HRCT than did asymptomatic current ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27168432/?dopt=Abstract

Vital-capacity; Work-capability; Work-capacity; Work-performance; Job-stress; Physiological-measurements; Physiological-stress ... of vital sign values that might be expected during incident rehabilitation and in developing rehabilitation protocols to make ...

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Categories: Vital Capacity Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 1 ...

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... of Forced Vital Capacity 00065 - 00954 - as given 5344 Blank 1369 456- Flow (in mls/sec) at 25% of Forced 460 Vital Capacity ... Vital Capacity 00000 - 09075 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 471- FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) 475 00436 - 08097 - as given 5544 ... of forced vital capacity ................................... 456 Time of achieving 50% of forced vital capacity ... of forced vital capacity ......................... 486 Flow at 75% of forced vital capacity ...

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The Vital capacity is a parameter of spirometry. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The vital capacity is the central parameter of the lung function and is used as a parameter in spirometry. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
Normally, the doctor always collects values for all vital capacities during spirometry (expiratory, inspiratory, forced expiratory, forced inspiratory). (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
Currently, the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) of less than 0.70 as assessed by spirometry after bronchodilator use. (nih.gov)
syndrome and lupus my results say this 'spirometry showed a forced vital capacity of 3.5 L which is 95% of predicted and FEV1 2.8L which is 96% of predicted FEV1/FVC is 81% The mid flow rates are moderately decreased. (medhelp.org)
Blood pressure, heart rate, and spirometry parameters including forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) were determined one day before, and after the supplementation period. (biomedcentral.com)
It can be concluded from our narrative review that the Type II or Type I diabetes is definitely having decreased lung functions assessed by spirometry not only because of diabetic complications like pneumonia or other but also due to long term effect of diabetes may be because of micro-angiopathy or decreased elastic recoil capacity of lungs. (who.int)

If the expiratory vital capacity deviates significantly from the inspiratory vital capacity, there is probably a lung disease. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
With reference to inhalation, we speak of the inspiratory vital capacity. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The associated vital capacities are referred to as forced expiratory and forced inspiratory vital capacity. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The inspiratory vital capacity provides information about the lung function during inhalation. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The expiratory and inspiratory vital capacities are static vital capacities. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
In contrast to the inspiratory vital capacity, the expiratory vital capacity is measured in three individual steps. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The inspiratory vital capacity is significantly greater than the expiratory vital capacity, which in turn significantly exceeds the forced vital capacity. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
A significant increase in the inspiratory capacity (IC) and/or vital capacity (VC) after bronchodilator therapy can occur even when the FEV 1 fails to show a significant change. (medscape.com)
Symptomatic current or former smokers, regardless of history of asthma, also had greater limitation of activity, slightly lower FEV1, FVC, and inspiratory capacity, and greater airway-wall thickening without emphysema according to HRCT than did asymptomatic current or former smokers. (nih.gov)
Maximal inspiratory pressures and vital capacities are measurements of neuromuscular respiratory function and predict diaphragmatic strength. (medscape.com)

Throughout the pandemic, starting in 2020, UCP of Central Arizona had to limit community exposure, operate with reduced program hours and could not reach capacity due to vital safety PPE measures. (fabulousarizona.com)

Risk factors of acute exacerbations of IPF include low forced vital capacity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and greater area of disease on high-resolution CT scan. (medscape.com)

MG is caused by a decrease in the numbers of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction ( 3 ), which decreases the capacity of the neuromuscular end-plate to transmit the nerve signal. (ispub.com)

Tests included chest radiographs read by a certified expert ("B") reader, forced vital capacity (FVC), and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLco). (mssm.edu)
diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), p oxygen saturation (p COPD patients . (bvsalud.org)
b Diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide. (medscape.com)

Instead, patients with moderate respiratory function (group 2) showed a significant increase of both weight and BMI and a slightly reduced CVF (Forced Vital capacity). (imrpress.com)

To measure diffusion capacity , you breathe a harmless gas, called a tracer gas, for a very short time, often for only one breath. (medlineplus.gov)

The functional residual capacity is severely impaired. (medhelp.org)
Lung function tests revealed no significant differences in the measurements of lung growth-for example, forced vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and total lung capacity-but the index children had significant reductions in measurements of airways obstruction-for example, forced expiratory volume in one second, maximum expiratory flow at 75, 50 and 25% of vital capacity, and airways resistance. (bmj.com)
It could be observed that children diagnosed with BPD in early childhood showed expiratory flow limitation and reduced functional residual capacity. (bvsalud.org)

Crucially, this slump in demand has also disrupted demand-based pricing, which includes the standard practice of setting higher room prices when the expected demand is high or exceeds a hotel's capacity. (hotel-online.com)
Power generation installed capacity in Pakistan currently significantly exceeds demand. (riazhaq.com)
Ghana currently has over 4,000 MW of installed generation capacity, though actual availability rarely exceeds 2,400 MW due to changing hydrological conditions, inadequate fuel supplies and dilapidated infrastructure. (chegepublishing.net)

Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. (livingartisan.com)
In addition to physical relationships such as air pressure or turbulence in the lungs, the patient's cooperation influences the accuracy of the measurement of vital capacity. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The static vital capacity relates exclusively to the volume of air in the lungs themselves. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
If the patient's lungs are healthy, the four vital capacities should be relatively equal. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
Objectives: This report aims to describe the relationships between radiographic grading of interstitial and pleural fibrosis and a key test of pulmonary function, the diffusing capacity, which measures gas exchange and has rarely been assessed in large groups, and to confirm the relationship to an independent test of pulmonary function, the vital capacity, which measures a mechanical property of the lungs. (mssm.edu)
Functional reserve capacity (FRC) is the volume of air in the lungs when the respiratory muscles are fully relaxed and no airflow is present. (medscape.com)

Male patients improved weight, BMI, FEF 25-75% (Forced Expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity) and Tiffenau index more than female patients. (imrpress.com)

Infrastructure enhancements around the East of England town of Ely are vital for east-west freight capacity and five passenger routes. (railfreight.com)
For example detailed insights on terminal locations, railway freight lines, over capacities, pricing and costing of operators and last but not least punctuality of shipments are difficult to foster. (combined-transport.eu)

7 A more likely hypothesis is that quadriceps endurance in COPD should be linked to the aerobic capacity of the muscle rather than to its mass. (bmj.com)
Pulmonary function traits (PFTs), including forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC), and their ratio FEV 1 /FVC, are important clinical measures for assessing respiratory health, diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and monitoring the progression and severity of various other lung conditions. (nature.com)
GOLD states the goals for treatment of stable COPD are:1 Reduce symptoms Relieve symptoms Improve exercise tolerance Improve health status Reduce risk Prevent disease progression Prevent and treat exacerbations Reduce mortality Smoking cessation is the intervention with the greatest capacity to influence the natural evolution of COPD and have a substantial effect on subsequent mortality. (boehringer-ingelheim.cz)
Unlike obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which show a normal or increased total lung capacity (TLC), restrictive disease are associated with a decreased TLC. (medscape.com)

The dynamic vital capacity also takes into account the gas flow during inhalation and exhalation. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The difference in ventilatory capacity is attributed to body build and chest size, rather than to smoke inhalation and smoking habits. (cdc.gov)
Using a Peak Flow Meter device showed an improvement in the lung capacity and inhalation ability after inhalation of peppermint aroma [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Pulmonary studies show that the residual volume is increased while vital capacity is decreased. (informit.com)

Lung CO transfer capacity is significantly affected by the integrity of lung capillary endothelium and, therefore, the findings of Sandler et al. (who.int)

This volume, the forced vital capacity (FVC) and the forced expiratory volume in the first second of the forceful exhalation (FEV 1 ), should be repeatable to within 0.15 L upon repeat efforts in the same measurement unless the largest value for either parameter is less than 1 L. In this case, the expected repeatability is to within 0.1 L of the largest value. (medscape.com)

Measures of expiratory airflow are preserved and airway resistance is normal and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 )/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio is increased. (medscape.com)

According to the infrastructure agency, the railway through Ely is operating at full capacity, and economic potential is being stifled. (railfreight.com)

IHR (2005) has played a vital role in the development and strengthening of national and regional capacities required for detecting, assessing, reporting and responding to acute public health events and emergencies in the WHO Western Pacific Region. (who.int)

We rarely make the inspirational capacity building a vital part of all Teacher trainings. (modern-inspiration.blog)
Over the last decade the core training team at Ulex have provided thousands of hours of trainings to support resilience and capacity building across a range of European social movements. (ulexproject.org)

MONDAY, Sept. 30, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases, nintedanib is associated with a lower rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) compared with placebo, according to a study published online Sept. 29 in the New England Journal of Medicine to coincide with the European Respiratory Society International Congress 2019, held from Sept. 28 to Oct. 2 in Madrid. (healthday.com)

Knowledge has a continuing Reproductive Capacity . (youdao.com)
In 1997, the WHO Regional Committee for Africa adopted Reproductive Health: A Strategy for the African Region (AFR/RC47/8) which endorsed the vital role of family planning in attaining optimal reproductive health status and general well-being. (who.int)

If the capacities are not in the target range, it does not necessarily have to be a lung disease. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)

Factors such as age and body size play a role in the target values of vital capacities and lung volumes. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The vital capacity has different target values depending on the age and height of the patient. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
Predicted values of forced vital capacity (FVC), labelled as FVC(North), FVC(East), FVC(West) and FVC(South) were calculated from the available regional prediction equations. (who.int)
While the northern Indian equation gives the highest predicted vital capacity, this is true only for lower values of vital capacities and at higher values, this may be less than that predicted from eastern or western equations. (who.int)
ILO profusion scores 0/1 (conventionally classified as normal) and 1/0 (conventionally classified as abnormal) were associated with similar diffusing capacity and vital capacity values. (mssm.edu)
OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to document the timeline of physiologic recovery from firefighting activities in order to inform emergency medical services (EMS) of vital sign values that might be expected during incident rehabilitation and in developing rehabilitation protocols to make decisions about when to return personnel to the fireground. (cdc.gov)
Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) was 4.46 l and forced vital capacity (FVC) 5.71 l, these values being 129 and 144% of predicted, respectively. (bmj.com)

When disaster strikes, it is clearly vital to formulate strategic action plans that minimise disruption and help businesses to recover. (hotel-online.com)
It's time to minimise risk, protect sensitive data, recover vital information and expand your storage to unlimited capacities. (awsomenews.com)

A key factor in all lung function tests is the so-called vital capacity. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The expiratory vital capacity, on the other hand, is the core parameter for lung function during exhalation. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The pulmonologist uses various tests to determine lung volumes and vital capacities, which in turn allow conclusions to be drawn about lung function. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The Relationship between Exertional Desaturation and Pulmonary Function, Exercise Capacity, or Medical Costs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients. (bvsalud.org)

This technology appraisal is for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in people with a forced vital capacity (FVC) above 80% predicted. (bvsalud.org)

The highest profusion scores were associated with a greater proportionate decrease in diffusing capacity than in FVC. (mssm.edu)
Capacity areas can likewise be made vital pieces of your walls to decrease impediment. (kievgid.net)

To meet peak demand, its turbines need to run at full capacity - so it is vital to keep them online and running efficiently. (spssanalyticspartner.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Regional variations in vital capacity in adult males in India: comparison of regression equations from four regions and impact on interpretation of spirometric data. (who.int)
BACKGROUND: Information on variations in vital capacity predicted from various regional equations for adult males in India and on their impact on interpretation of spirometric data is not available. (who.int)
CONCLUSIONS: Substantial variations exist in vital capacity predicted from various regional equations in adult males in India. (who.int)
As data consumption in India increases rapidly, cable landing stations become vital assets for the country's digital infrastructure. (communicationstoday.co.in)

Differences in ventilatory capacity of Irish and Italian fire fighters. (cdc.gov)

The volume of air exhaled (forced vital capacity, or FVC) when the patient inhales fully and exhales with as much force, and as quickly, as possible. (boehringer-ingelheim.cz)

This is so because the population demographics, regional marketing strategies, production or manufacturing capacity vary from region to region. (sg-host.com)
5 The Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases (APSED) is a regional tool to assist countries with IHR (2005) implementation and progress has been made in establishing capacities within the APSED focus areas. (who.int)

Forced vital capacity (FVC) higher than 80% has been considered early or mild IPF even for the design of clinical trials. (archbronconeumol.org)
Higher call volumes and more complex calls are challenging existing capacity-61 percent of surveyed care leaders report a growth in total calls, with increased contacts per customer and a growing customer base as the key drivers. (mckinsey.com)

Mixed effects models were used to describe the rate of disease progression measured by the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and vital capacity (VC). (neurology.org)
The progression of ALS was measured by ALS Functional Rating Score-Revised (ALSFRS) or forced vital capacity (FVC). (medicalbag.com)

adrenergic receptor genotype on longitudinal measures of forced vital capacity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (cdc.gov)
Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) should be considered for all patients with labile dysautonomia, a forced vital capacity of less than 20 mL/kg, or severe bulbar palsy. (medscape.com)

Epidemiological study of respiratory disease in Boston firemen, with Italian firemen being found to have greater ventilatory capacity than Irish firemen. (cdc.gov)

Network capacity of teachers and improvement of the role. (youdao.com)

We have the capacity to supply you the most suitable as well as timely outdoors or interior house paint services, which is probably why a lot of people pick us with self-confidence for every among their painting needs. (expertpaintersaurora.ca)

We know how vital our support is to people with dementia, their carers and families and we are committed to ensuring that, whilst the support on offer may change, we are there for you when you need us. (alzscot.org)
We are in the process of increasing capacity for this vital element of our support. (alzscot.org)
When demand begins outstripping network capacity, enterprises must move quickly to support vital services. (networkcomputing.com)
We stand up for best practice in fundraising, in order to protect donors and support the vital work of fundraisers. (communityni.org)

Grade separation is needed if capacity is to be increased and delays are to be minimised. (railfreight.com)

As specialist painters, we have the vital capacities for appropriate surface prep work, along with an considerable understanding of the large range of covering along with publishing alternatives available. (expertpaintersaurora.ca)
its properties are low surface tension, antimicrobial capacity 3 , and ability to dissolve organic tissue 4 . (bvsalud.org)

Hospital Discharge Survey, and death data in the Mortality Component of the National Vital Statistics System. (cdc.gov)
Other interventions include strengthening national capacity for sustainable programmes, strengthening community participation, addressing family planning needs of vulnerable populations and operational research. (who.int)

Located in Tema, Ghana, the Bridge Power project is a transformational project for the area, as it will rapidly add necessary, heavily needed generation capacity to a country with vital energy needs. (chegepublishing.net)

6 Although measuring capacity improvement and related health impact as a direct result of IHR (2005) remains a challenge, 7 there are certainly success stories in this Region. (who.int)
As a result of developing IHR core capacities in the Region, more than 90% of Member States have now established event-based surveillance systems - one such system is described by Dagina et al. (who.int)

Another way of saying this is lung capacity, elasticity, and the ability to breath well has a direct influence on heart health. (livingartisan.com)
The MaxiBAS BT609 wireless battery and diagnostics system applies Adaptive Conductance, an advanced battery analysis method that produces a more accurate examination of the battery's cold cranking ability and reserve capacity, vital to determining a battery's true health. (djvmerchandise.com)

80% of an EPC companies expenses are towards procurement due to the kind of projects they execute which are very capital intensive, hence its vital that EPC companies automate their procurement to procure at best price and cut down on procurement lead time to avoid delay in their projects. (pakkabusiness.com)

Results: Both diffusing capacity and vital capacity were negatively correlated with profusion score over the full spectrum of radiographic severity. (mssm.edu)

Anatomy10

Organisms1

Diseases53

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment87

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture9

Humanities1

Information Science2

Health Care36

Geographicals1

Arterial blood gas tensions during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. (1/2375)

Comparative total mortality in 25 years in Italian and Greek middle aged rural men. (2/2375)

Double-blind intervention trial on modulation of ozone effects on pulmonary function by antioxidant supplements. (3/2375)

Exhaled and nasal NO levels in allergic rhinitis: relation to sensitization, pollen season and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (4/2375)

Orally exhaled nitric oxide levels are related to the degree of blood eosinophilia in atopic children with mild-intermittent asthma. (5/2375)

Risk factors for lower airway bacterial colonization in chronic bronchitis. (6/2375)

Predisposing factors to bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (7/2375)

A pilot study of low-dose erythromycin in bronchiectasis. (8/2375)

Vital Capacity

Forced Expiratory Volume

Respiratory Function Tests

Spirometry

Forced Expiratory Flow Rates

Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate

Total Lung Capacity

Lung

Residual Volume

Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity

Lung Volume Measurements

Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate

Lung Diseases, Obstructive

Inspiratory Capacity

Pulmonary Ventilation

Respiratory Muscles

Functional Residual Capacity

Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves

Respiration Disorders

Lung Diseases

Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Airway Obstruction

Respiratory Mechanics

Asthma

Inhalation

Bronchodilator Agents

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Maximal Voluntary Ventilation

Dyspnea

Respiration

Methacholine Chloride

Pulmonary Emphysema

Airway Resistance

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Smoking

Bronchoconstrictor Agents

Respiratory Paralysis

Bronchial Provocation Tests

Bronchitis

Administration, Inhalation

Exercise Tolerance

Dust

Tidal Volume

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Lung Diseases, Interstitial

Neuromuscular Diseases

Scoliosis

Plethysmography, Whole Body

Albuterol

Pneumoconiosis

Scopolamine Derivatives

Respiratory Therapy

Respiratory Physiological Phenomena

Pulmonary Gas Exchange

Time Factors

Occupational Exposure

Respiratory Insufficiency

Exercise Test

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Cystic Fibrosis

Thorax

Helium

Scleroderma, Systemic

Diving

Cough

Breathing Exercises

Occupational Diseases

Ipratropium

Cross-Sectional Studies

Quadriplegia

Bronchiectasis

Fenoterol

Thoracoplasty

Pulmonary Atelectasis

Lung Compliance

Severity of Illness Index

Double-Blind Method

Bronchospirometry

Reference Values