Visual field tests. Medical search

Method of measuring and mapping the scope of vision, from central to peripheral of each eye.

The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.

A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.

Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. These may result from EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; VISUAL PATHWAY diseases; OCCIPITAL LOBE diseases; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; and other conditions (From Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p132).

A series of tests used to assess various functions of the eyes.

Instruments used to observe distant objects.

An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field(s) of one or both eyes. Subtypes include altitudinal hemianopsia, characterized by a visual defect above or below the horizontal meridian of the visual field. Homonymous hemianopsia refers to a visual defect that affects both eyes equally, and occurs either to the left or right of the midline of the visual field. Binasal hemianopsia consists of loss of vision in the nasal hemifields of both eyes. Bitemporal hemianopsia is the bilateral loss of vision in the temporal fields. Quadrantanopsia refers to loss of vision in one quarter of the visual field in one or both eyes.

Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.

Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.

A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.

Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.

Area of the OCCIPITAL LOBE concerned with the processing of visual information relayed via VISUAL PATHWAYS.

The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.

The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways.

The pressure of the fluids in the eye.

The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response.

Set of cell bodies and nerve fibers conducting impulses from the eyes to the cerebral cortex. It includes the RETINA; OPTIC NERVE; optic tract; and geniculocalcarine tract.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

The tendency to explore or investigate a novel environment. It is considered a motivation not clearly distinguishable from curiosity.

Mental process to visually perceive a critical number of facts (the pattern), such as characters, shapes, displays, or designs.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

The process in which light signals are transformed by the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS into electrical signals which can then be transmitted to the brain.

The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.

The ability to detect sharp boundaries (stimuli) and to detect slight changes in luminance at regions without distinct contours. Psychophysical measurements of this visual function are used to evaluate visual acuity and to detect eye disease.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

Learning the correct route through a maze to obtain reinforcement. It is used for human or animal populations. (Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 6th ed)

Games in which players use a racquet to hit a ball or similar type object.

The positioning and accommodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye.

The blending of separate images seen by each eye into one composite image.

The real or apparent movement of objects through the visual field.

Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.

Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.

The awareness of the spatial properties of objects; includes physical space.

The X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves. At the optic chiasm the fibers from the medial part of each retina cross to project to the other side of the brain while the lateral retinal fibers continue on the same side. As a result each half of the brain receives information about the contralateral visual field from both eyes.

An analogue of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)

The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.

The science dealing with the correlation of the physical characteristics of a stimulus, e.g., frequency or intensity, with the response to the stimulus, in order to assess the psychologic factors involved in the relationship.

Recording of electric potentials in the retina after stimulation by light.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.

Feeling or emotion of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.

An imaging method using LASERS that is used for mapping subsurface structure. When a reflective site in the sample is at the same optical path length (coherence) as the reference mirror, the detector observes interference fringes.

Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the eye or of vision disorders.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Images seen by one eye.

An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the neuroepithelium of the retina characterized by night blindness and progressive contraction of the visual field.

A response to a cue that is instrumental in avoiding a noxious experience.

Agents destructive to snails and other mollusks.

An activity in which the body is propelled through water by specific movement of the arms and/or the legs. Swimming as propulsion through water by the movement of limbs, tail, or fins of animals is often studied as a form of PHYSICAL EXERTION or endurance.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Fields representing the joint interplay of electric and magnetic forces.

Vision considered to be inferior to normal vision as represented by accepted standards of acuity, field of vision, or motility. Low vision generally refers to visual disorders that are caused by diseases that cannot be corrected by refraction (e.g., MACULAR DEGENERATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, etc.).

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)

An abrupt voluntary shift in ocular fixation from one point to another, as occurs in reading.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.

Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here.

Examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope.

Differential response to different stimuli.

Measurement of ocular tension (INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE) with a tonometer. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

The oxygen consumption level above which aerobic energy production is supplemented by anaerobic mechanisms during exercise, resulting in a sustained increase in lactate concentration and metabolic acidosis. The anaerobic threshold is affected by factors that modify oxygen delivery to the tissues; it is low in patients with heart disease. Methods of measurement include direct measure of lactate concentration, direct measurement of bicarbonate concentration, and gas exchange measurements.

Processes and properties of the EYE as a whole or of any of its parts.

Cognitive disorders characterized by an impaired ability to perceive the nature of objects or concepts through use of the sense organs. These include spatial neglect syndromes, where an individual does not attend to visual, auditory, or sensory stimuli presented from one side of the body.

A form of GLAUCOMA in which chronic optic nerve damage and loss of vision normally attributable to buildup of intraocular pressure occurs despite prevailing conditions of normal intraocular pressure.

The sensory discrimination of a pattern shape or outline.

Posterior portion of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES responsible for processing visual sensory information. It is located posterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus and extends to the preoccipital notch.

Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.

The aperture in the iris through which light passes.

A pair of ophthalmic lenses in a frame or mounting which is supported by the nose and ears. The purpose is to aid or improve vision. It does not include goggles or nonprescription sun glasses for which EYE PROTECTIVE DEVICES is available.

The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

The anterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which coordinate the general behavioral orienting responses to visual stimuli, such as whole-body turning, and reaching.

Total loss of vision in all or part of the visual field due to bilateral OCCIPITAL LOBE (i.e., VISUAL CORTEX) damage or dysfunction. Anton syndrome is characterized by the psychic denial of true, organic cortical blindness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p460)

Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place and person.

Visualization of a vascular system after intravenous injection of a fluorescein solution. The images may be photographed or televised. It is used especially in studying the retinal and uveal vasculature.

Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. It is located posterior to central sulcus, anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE, and superior to the TEMPORAL LOBES.

Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Part of the DIENCEPHALON inferior to the caudal end of the dorsal THALAMUS. Includes the lateral geniculate body which relays visual impulses from the OPTIC TRACT to the calcarine cortex, and the medial geniculate body which relays auditory impulses from the lateral lemniscus to the AUDITORY CORTEX.

Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane.

The point or frequency at which all flicker of an intermittent light stimulus disappears.

A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.

The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester.

Persons with loss of vision such that there is an impact on activities of daily living.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Relatively bright light, or the dazzling sensation of relatively bright light, which produces unpleasantness or discomfort, or which interferes with optimal VISION, OCULAR. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)

Areas of attractive or repulsive force surrounding MAGNETS.

Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.

The absence or restriction of the usual external sensory stimuli to which the individual responds.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Adjustment of the eyes under conditions of low light. The sensitivity of the eye to light is increased during dark adaptation.

Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).

A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.

Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.

An activity in which the body is propelled by moving the legs rapidly. Running is performed at a moderate to rapid pace and should be differentiated from JOGGING, which is performed at a much slower pace.

The effect of environmental or physiological factors on the driver and driving ability. Included are driving fatigue, and the effect of drugs, disease, and physical disabilities on driving.

Function of the human eye that is used in bright illumination or in daylight (at photopic intensities). Photopic vision is performed by the three types of RETINAL CONE PHOTORECEPTORS with varied peak absorption wavelengths in the color spectrum (from violet to red, 400 - 700 nm).

Conditions which affect the structure or function of the pupil of the eye, including disorders of innervation to the pupillary constrictor or dilator muscles, and disorders of pupillary reflexes.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they are converted into symbolic representations. Color perception involves numerous neurons, and is influenced not only by the distribution of wavelengths from the viewed object, but also by its background color and brightness contrast at its boundary.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

An oval area in the retina, 3 to 5 mm in diameter, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototropic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Perception of three-dimensionality.

The adjustment of the eye to variations in the intensity of light. Light adaptation is the adjustment of the eye when the light threshold is increased; DARK ADAPTATION when the light is greatly reduced. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)

An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1437)

The ability to respond to segments of the perceptual experience rather than to the whole.

Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions.

A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.

A genus of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, consisting of 16 species inhabiting forests of Africa, Asia, and the islands of Borneo, Philippines, and Celebes.

Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.

Any surgical procedure for treatment of glaucoma by means of puncture or reshaping of the trabecular meshwork. It includes goniotomy, trabeculectomy, and laser perforation.

An illusion of vision usually affecting spatial relations.

The sensory interpretation of the dimensions of objects.

Diseases affecting the eye.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

A subjective visual sensation with the eyes closed and in the absence of light. Phosphenes can be spontaneous, or induced by chemical, electrical, or mechanical (pressure) stimuli which cause the visual field to light up without optical inputs.

Photosensitive afferent neurons located primarily within the FOVEA CENTRALIS of the MACULA LUTEA. There are three major types of cone cells (red, blue, and green) whose photopigments have different spectral sensitivity curves. Retinal cone cells operate in daylight vision (at photopic intensities) providing color recognition and central visual acuity.

The act of knowing or the recognition of a distance by recollective thought, or by means of a sensory process which is under the influence of set and of prior experience.

Test-retest variability of frequency-doubling perimetry and conventional perimetry in glaucoma patients and normal subjects. (1/1026)

PURPOSE: To compare the test-retest variability characteristics of frequency-doubling perimetry, a new perimetric test, with those of conventional perimetry in glaucoma patients and normal control subjects. METHODS: The study sample contained 64 patients and 47 normal subjects aged 66.16+/-11.86 and 64.26+/-7.99 years (mean +/- SD), respectively. All subjects underwent frequency-doubling perimetry (using the threshold mode) and conventional perimetry (using program 30-2 of the Humphrey Field Analyzer; Humphrey Instruments, San Leandro, CA) in one randomly selected eye. Each test was repeated at 1-week intervals for five tests with each technique over 4 weeks. Empirical 5th and 95th percentiles of the distribution of threshold deviations at retest were determined for all combinations of single tests and mean of two tests, stratified by threshold deviation. The influence of visual field eccentricity and overall visual field loss on variability also were examined. RESULTS: Mean test time with frequency-doubling perimetry in patients and normal control subjects was 5.90 and 5.25 minutes, respectively, and with conventional perimetry was 17.20 and 14.01 minutes, respectively. In patients, there was a significant correlation between the results of the two techniques, in the full field and in quadrants, whereas in normal subjects there was no such correlation. In patients, the retest variability of conventional perimetry in locations with 20-dB loss was 120% (single tests) and 127% (mean tests) higher compared with that in locations with 0-dB loss. Comparative figures for frequency-doubling perimetry were 40% and 47%, respectively. Variability also increased more with threshold deviation in normal subjects tested with conventional perimetry. In both patients and normal subjects, variability increased with visual field eccentricity in conventional perimetry, but not in frequency-doubling perimetry. Both techniques showed an increase in variability with overall visual field damage. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency-doubling perimetry has different test-retest variability characteristics than conventional perimetry and may have potential for monitoring glaucomatous field damage. (+info)

Between-algorithm, between-individual differences in normal perimetric sensitivity: full threshold, FASTPAC, and SITA. Swedish Interactive Threshold algorithm. (2/1026)

PURPOSE: To determine the between-algorithm differences in perimetric sensitivity for the Swedish Interactive Threshold algorithm (SITA) Standard, SITA Fast, FASTPAC, and Full Threshold algorithms; to determine the between-subject, between-algorithm differences in the magnitude of the normal variation in sensitivity. METHODS: The sample comprised 50 normal subjects (mean age, 52.9 +/- 18.5 years) experienced in automated perimetry. One randomly assigned eye was examined at three visits with Program 30-2 of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA). The first visit was a familiarization session. A two-period crossover design with order randomization within visits was used over the second and third visits. SITA Standard, SITA Fast, and HFA 640 Full Threshold were administered during one visit. FASTPAC and HFA 750 Full Threshold were administered during the remaining visit. RESULTS: Group mean Mean Sensitivity was 0.8 dB higher for SITA Standard than for Full Threshold (P < 0.001) and 1.3 dB higher for SITA Fast than for Full Threshold (P < 0.001). A similar trend was found between SITA and FASTPAC. The group mean Mean Sensitivity for SITA Fast was 0.5 dB higher than for SITA Standard (P < 0.001). The pointwise between-algorithm difference in sensitivity was similar for all algorithms. The pointwise between-algorithm, between-subject variability was lower for SITA. The examination durations for SITA Fast and SITA Standard were half those for FASTPAC and Full Threshold; SITA Fast was 41% that of SITA Standard (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SITA produced marginally higher mean mean sensitivity compared with that of existing algorithms and markedly reduced examination duration. The reduced between-subject variability of SITA should result in narrower confidence limits for definition of normality. (+info)

Looking behind a pathological blind spot in human retina. (3/1026)

Recent work suggests that dichoptic lateral interactions occur in the region of the visual field of one eye that corresponds to the physiological blind spot in the other eye (Tripathy, S. P., & Levi, D. M. (1994). The two-dimensional shape of spatial interaction zones in the parafovea. Vision Research, 34, 1127-1138.) Here we ask whether dichoptic lateral interactions occur in the region of the visual field of one eye that corresponds to a pathological blind spot, a retinal coloboma in the other eye. To address this question we had the observer report the orientation of a letter 'T' presented within this region in the presence of flanking 'T's presented to the other eye around the coloboma. A large drop in performance was seen due to the flanks, showing the existence of dichoptic lateral interactions in this monocular region. The presence of these dichoptic interactions in a region lacking direct retinal afferents from one eye is consistent with the proposition that long-range horizontal connections of the primary visual cortex mediate these interactions. (+info)

Does visual sensitivity improve between 5 and 8 years? A study of automated visual field examination. (4/1026)

In 74 normal subjects (62 children aged 5-8 years and 12 adults), we tested the widely-held belief that visual sensitivity improves substantially during childhood. Maturation of the retino-striate pathways is generally invoked to account for age-related changes in visual sensitivity. We evaluated the extent to which attentional factors unduly emphasized the effect of age on the purely physiological mechanisms. After a specially-designed familiarization procedure, sensitivity was fully evaluated at two locations in the superior temporal field using a bracketing technique (Octopus 2000R). False-positive (FP) and false-negative (FN) catch-trials were interspersed with the sequence of stimuli. Analyses demonstrated that: (1) age affected sensitivity; and (2) the general level of attentiveness varied not only with age, but also among subjects in the same age group. We then estimated the extent to which improved visual sensitivity may reflect a concomitant evolution of vigilance. Firstly, controlled variance analyses indicated that factors for evaluating attentiveness (rate of FN responses, slope of the psychometric function at the median, and goodness of fit) were indeed much better predictors than age of the sensitivity measured. Secondly and more significantly, the grouping of subjects into homogeneous subgroups, on the basis of their attentional performance, showed that children as young as 5 years may have a visual sensitivity that is only marginally lower than that of adults. (+info)

Models for the description of angioscotomas. (5/1026)

To describe small scotomas in visual field examinations several statistical models are proposed and applied to the evaluation of angioscotoma in 13 ophthalmologically normal subjects. A special perimetric grid is used where thresholds can be estimated along a line of narrow-spaced test points which crosses the predicted location of the retinal vessel. A two-stage analysis employs single estimations to fit a threshold curve by means of a special parametric description of the luminance difference sensitivity threshold as a function of stimulus position. An alternative model incorporates the threshold as a function of position into the probabilistic description of the binary response (stimulus seen/not seen). (+info)

Angioscotoma detection with fundus-oriented perimetry. A study with dark and bright stimuli of different sizes. (6/1026)

Fundus-oriented perimetry (FOP) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of different-sized bright and dark stimuli in detecting and quantitatively measuring angioscotoma. The foveolas and optic disks of digitized fundus images were aligned with their psychophysical counterparts to construct individual grids of perimetric stimuli. Each grid included a linear set of test point locations crossing a retinal vessel. Angioscotomas immediately became visible in nine of 13 healthy normal volunteers tested with FOP. Additional mathematical processing of local loss of differential light sensitivity (dls) disclosed an angioscotoma for at least one stimulus condition in all persons tested. The angioscomas were usually deeper for small (12) targets than for large (32') ones. On the other hand, the overall noise at dls thresholds was generally higher for small than for large stimuli regardless of whether the stimuli were bright or dark. No noteworthy differences were found in detection rates or signal-to-noise ratios under different stimulus conditions (dark/bright/small/large). FOP permits the individual arrangement of stimuli for specific morphological conditions and is thus capable of detecting even minute visual field defects such as angioscotomas. (+info)

Preperimetric glaucoma diagnosis by confocal scanning laser tomography of the optic disc. (7/1026)

AIM: To evaluate the ability of confocal scanning laser tomography of the optic nerve head to detect glaucomatous optic nerve damage in ocular hypertensive eyes without visual field defects. METHODS: The study included 50 normal subjects, 61 glaucoma patients with glaucomatous changes in the optic disc and visual field, and 102 "preperimetric" patients with increased intraocular pressure, normal visual fields, and glaucomatous appearance of the optic disc as evaluated on colour stereo optic disc photographs. For all individuals, confocal scanning laser tomographs of the optic nerve head were taken using the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT; software 2.01). RESULTS: Almost all investigated HRT variables varied significantly (p < 0.05) between the normal eyes and preperimetric glaucoma eyes with pronounced overlap between the two study groups. Corresponding to the overlap, sensitivity and specificity values were relatively low when HRT variables were taken to differentiate between normal and preperimetric glaucoma eyes. At a given specificity of 95% highest sensitivities were found for the variables "rim area in the superior disc sector" (24.8%), "nerve fibre layer thickness in the inferior disc sector" (26.5%), and "rim volume in the superior disc sector" (25.5%). A multivariate approach increased sensitivity to 42.2% at a given specificity of 95%. For the glaucoma group highest sensitivity values were reached by rim volume in the superior disc sector (73.8%) and rim area (72.1%); the multivariate approach reached 83.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Owing to pronounced overlapping between the groups, confocal scanning laser tomography of the optic nerve head has relatively low diagnostic power to differentiate between normal eyes and preperimetric glaucoma eyes. One of the reasons may be the biological interindividual variability of quantitative optic disc variables. (+info)

Measurement of retinal nerve fibre layer by scanning laser polarimetry and high pass resolution perimetry in normal tension glaucoma with relatively high or low intraocular pressure. (8/1026)

AIMS: To determine whether any differences may exist in the relation between the neural capacity as determined by high pass resolution perimetry and the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in patients having normal tension glaucoma (NTG) with a relatively high intraocular pressure (IOP) between 16 and 21 mm Hg (HNTG) v those with a lower IOP below 15 mm Hg (LNTG). METHODS: Scanning laser polarimetry and high pass resolution perimetry were performed in 20 eyes of 20 patients with HNTG and 21 eyes of 21 patients with LNTG. The correlation between total and regional thickness of the peripapillary RNFL and the corresponding total and regional neural capacity with linear regression analysis were evaluated. RESULTS: Overall, although the total RNFL thickness was not significantly correlated with the total neural capacity, the RNFL thickness in each of the superior and inferior quadrants was significantly correlated with the corresponding regional neural capacity (r = 0.44, p = 0.0045; r = 0.39, p = 0.0126 for each). The RNFL thickness in each of the superior and inferior quadrants in the HNTG group was significantly correlated with the corresponding regional neural capacity (r = 0.52, p = 0.0196; r = 0.49, p = 0.0286 for each). No significant correlation between neural capacity and the RNFL thickness was observed either globally or regionally in the LNTG group. CONCLUSION: The degree of the correlation between neural capacity as determined by high pass resolution perimetry and thickness of the RNFL as measured by scanning laser polarimetry appeared to differ in NTG patients with an IOP higher than 15 mm Hg v those with a lower IOP. (+info)

Some common tests that measure visual health include visual acuity tests, refraction tests, visual field tests and colour ... Visual field tests detect any gaps in peripheral vision. In healthy normal vision, an individual should be able to partially ... Visual acuity tests are the most common tests and they measure the ability to bring details into focus at different distances. ... The testing is completed after listening to a range of pitches. Each ear is tested individually. During the tuning fork test, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_modality

Functional tests may include electroretinogram and visual field testing. Diagnostic confirmation and an estimation of disease ... If tested in the prodromal phase, CSF pleocytosis is found in more than 80%, mainly lymphocytes. This pleocytosis resolves in ... Visual prognosis is generally good with prompt diagnosis and aggressive immunomodulatory treatment. Inner ear symptoms usually ... In 70% of VKH, the onset of visual blurring is bilaterally contemporaneous; if initially unilateral, the other eye is involved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada_disease

Another comprehensive eye exam for proper diagnosis is a visual field test. A visual field test assesses how much the ptosis ... This particular type of ptosis is distinguished from the others with the help of a Tensilon test and blood tests. Also, ... The doctor can also perform a Tensilon test. This test involves injecting the drug Tensilon (edrophonium) into a vein. The ... Through these tests, the ophthalmologist will diagnose if the patient has ptosis and what type of ptosis. After diagnosing the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptosis_(eyelid)

Confirmation is either via blood tests or direct visual inspection using dark field microscopy. Blood tests are more commonly ... Blood tests are divided into nontreponemal and treponemal tests. Nontreponemal tests are used initially, and include venereal ... Diagnosis is usually made by using blood tests; the bacteria can also be detected using dark field microscopy. The Centers for ... Because of the possibility of false positives with nontreponemal tests, confirmation is required with a treponemal test, such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

... a visual field defect at or surrounding the point of fixation. This pattern can be revealed via visual field testing. Upon ... Loss of visual acuity may start with a blur or haze at the point of fixation, followed by a progressive decline. The degree of ... Further testing, guided by the medical history and physical examination, can be performed to elucidate a specific toxin or ... Examples include blood testing for methanol levels or vitamin B12 levels. Treatment of toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_and_nutritional_optic_neuropathy

... www.hemianopsia.net/visual-fields-in-brain-injury/ Carroll, J. N., & Johnson, C. A. (2013, August 22). Visual Field Testing: ... Macular sparing is visual field loss that preserves vision in the center of the visual field, otherwise known as the macula. It ... particularly if they lose vision in their right visual field. This is because the right visual field projects to the left ... Macular sparing can be determined with visual field testing. The macula is defined as an area of approximately + 8 degrees ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macular_sparing

Visual field testing can confirm the extent of visual loss.[citation needed] No proved treatment exists for branch retinal ... Abrupt painless loss of vision in the visual field corresponding to territory of the obstructed artery is the typical history ... Patients can typically define the time and extent of visual loss precisely.[citation needed] Retinal whitening that corresponds ... Hypertension Elevated lipid levels cigarette smoking Diabetes Ancillary testing is not usually necessary to make the diagnosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_retinal_artery_occlusion

Formal visual field testing by perimetry is recommended, as this would show evidence of optic nerve compression by a tumor. ... The insulin tolerance test is discouraged in children. None of the tests for ACTH deficiency are perfect, and further tests ... Stimulation tests were developed in the 1960s, and in 1973 the triple bolus test was introduced, a test that combined ... Alternative tests (such as the growth hormone releasing hormone stimulation test) are less useful, although a stimulation test ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism

Abnormal results on color vision or visual field testing is not uncommon. Visual field often presents as constricted 'tubular' ... and a reduced visual field (tubular or spiral field). Streff Syndrome was first described in 1962 by an optometrist, Dr. John ... at multiple test distances. The poor visual performance is understood as distress, and treatments are usually to provide the ... Streff believed the visual changes were induced by stress from reading. There is dispute on the taxonomy of functional vision ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streff_syndrome

For example, visual field testing might demonstrate homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing.) ... Visual input from the macula occupies a substantial portion of the brain's visual capacity. As a result, some forms of visual ... Remington, Lee Ann (29 July 2011). Clinical Anatomy of the Visual System. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 314-5. ISBN 1-4557-2777 ... indicating that the caudal visual cortex (which is the principal recipient of macular projections of the optic nerve) has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macula

Depending on the size of the tumour, the doctor may request an eye exam with measurement of visual fields. The hormone ... A doctor will test for prolactin blood levels in women with unexplained milk secretion (galactorrhea) or irregular menses or ... If prolactin is high, a doctor will test thyroid function and ask first about other conditions and medications known to raise ... This can show up as high prolactin in some types of tests, but is asymptomatic. Treatment is usually medication with dopamine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperprolactinaemia

Read "First Interprofessional Standard for Visual Field Testing: Report of Working Group 39" at NAP.edu. Sloan, Louise L. (1959 ... Sloan also contributed greatly to the creation of the First International Standard for Visual Field Testing committee, where ... "Visual acuity testing. From the laboratory to the clinic". Vision Research. Testing Vision: From Laboratory Psychophysical ... of work in the area of visual acuity testing continues to have many longstanding applications to the work done in the field ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_L._Sloan

That aperture, which can be measured by visual field tests, varies widely among different human subjects. In practice, thus far ... "Visual Acuity". Precision Vision. "Normal" visual acuity for healthy eyes is one or two lines better than 20/20. In population ... confirmed by vision testing experts Precision Vision). CultOfMac also noted that people do not always view displays at a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina_display

... visual field tests are a good screen to test for chiasmal involvement. Visual fields tests will delineate chiasmal syndromes ... allows the left half of the visual field to end up on the right side of the brain and the right half of the visual field to ... Visual field defects may be one of the first signs of non-functional pituitary tumor. These are much less frequent than ... Visual fields associated with chiasmal syndrome usually leads to an MRI. Contrast can delineate arterial aneurysms and will ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiasmal_syndrome

Visual field tests may also show an enlarged blind spot or a decrease in visual clarity. Often, doctors may order blood tests ... A test called flourescein angiography uses a special dye and camera to study blood flow in the back layers of the eye. When a ... The low dose of steroids can help decrease inflammation, and as a result, lessens the visual impairment. In the event steroids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multifocal_choroiditis_and_panuveitis

... visual field loss management and accommodative therapy. They often do standard eye and vision testing along with computerised ... Visual therapy in children is performed by optometrists who specialize in children's eye care. To specialize in vision therapy ... This type of therapy is however generally used in patients who need visual correction but for whom the corrective lenses are ... Orthoptists specialize in diagnosis and management of eye movement and coordination problems, misalignment of the visual axis, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_care_professional

Other supportive testing may include an electroretinogram, visual field testing, or genetic testing. There is currently no cure ... Visual field and acuity tests measure and compare the size of the patient's field of vision and the clarity of their visual ... Visual decline progresses relatively quickly to the far peripheral field, eventually extending into the central visual field as ... confirmed by a combination of visual field and visual acuity tests, fundus and optical coherence imagery, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosa

... usually help detecting defects in central 20 degrees of the visual field. In the test, the person looks with each ... who used a similar small card with a grid pattern to be kept in the center of the visual field testing instrument perimeter. ... "Efficacy of the Amsler Grid Test in Evaluating Glaucomatous Central Visual Field Defects". Ophthalmology. 123 (4): 737-743. doi ... A color version with a blue and yellow grid is more sensitive and can be used to test for a wide variety of visual pathway ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsler_grid

As expected, visual field testing in cone dystrophy usually reveals a central scotoma. In cases with the typical bull's-eye ... Color vision testing using color test plates (HRR series) reveals many errors on both red-green and blue-yellow plates. ... Visual acuity usually deteriorates gradually, but it can deteriorate rapidly to 20/200; later, in more severe cases, it drops ... Abnormal cone function on the ERG is indicated by a reduced single-flash and flicker response when the test is carried out in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_dystrophy

... up the number of fingers the investigator is presenting If patient is not responsive the visual fields can be tested by visual ... If the patient has isolated peripheral nerve paresis assign a score of 1 Assess the patient's vision in each visual fields. ... Each eye is tested individually, by covering one eye and then the other. Each upper and lower quadrant is tested by asking the ... Level of consciousness testing is divided into three sections. The first LOC items test for the patient's responsiveness. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_Stroke_Scale

Double simultaneous testing revealed a fully intact right visual field as well as movement. Stereognosis determined that the ... By the 11th day, double simultaneous stimulation showed rare mistakes being made on the right side of his visual field as well ... Although the patient made rare mistakes on the right side of his visual field, he also showed improvement when playing chess by ... Once fully conscious, the patient showed signs of hemiparesis and deficit in right visual field. However, the patient was still ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphosynthesis

Improvement can be determined by visual acuity, visual field testing, and by ophthalmoscopic examination. At a later stage, pan ... The visual prognosis for ocular ischemic syndrome varies from usually poor to fair, depending on speed and effectiveness of the ... The condition presents with visual loss secondary to hypoperfusion of the eye structures. The patient presents with intractable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_ischemic_syndrome

... the subject's eyes are subject to a moving visual field while the subject remains stationary. The speed of the drum and the ... optokinetic drum was used to test the symptoms of the sopite syndrome showed increased mood changes in response to the visual ... In the case of Space Motion Sickness, the unweighting of otolith organs can lead to a sensory mismatch between the visual, ... The sopite syndrome may be difficult to test due to the nature of the symptoms. Indicators such as drowsiness, mood changes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopite_syndrome

... for testing with Gazzaniga in which stimuli such as letters and light bursts were flashed to the left and right visual fields. ... When they modified the experiment to have him point to the stimulus that was presented to his left visual field and not have to ... However, when the stimuli were flashed to the left visual field, and thus the right hemisphere, he would press the button, but ... When the word "girlfriend" was flashed to his left visual field, and thus his right hemisphere, he could not verbally say the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Gazzaniga

Field of view (FOV): simultaneous visual perception in an area of about 160° × 175°. Ability to see faint stars up to +8 ... Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye. Some basic properties of ... Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying or ... Visual perception allows a person to gain much information about their surroundings: the distances and 3-dimensional position ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naked_eye

In addition, AION often shows a characteristic altitudinal defect on a Humphrey Visual Field test.[citation needed] The ... visual loss requires an assessment of the whole visual system for ischemic damage. The optic nerve is not the only tissue of ... Once visual loss has occurred, it becomes more problematic, but there are reports of recovered vision if blood transfusions and ... There is no confirmatory test for PION. PION is a diagnosis of exclusion. To prevent impending blindness, it is urgent to rule ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy

... the subject's eyes are subject to a moving visual field while the subject remains stationary, this phenomenon is called ... The speed of the drum and the duration of the test may be varied. Control groups are placed in a drum without stripes or ... optokinetic drum was used to test the symptoms of the sopite syndrome showed increased mood changes in response to the visual ... An optokinetic drum -also called catford drum- is a rotating instrument to test vision in which individuals are seated facing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optokinetic_drum

Their focus is to detect spatial neglect in the visual field and organization of movement disorder. They will remain focused on ... The Extended Drawing Test is a computerized graphonomic assessment for arm and hand function. The EDT measures the ability of ... Vuillermot, S, Pescatore, A, Holper, L, Kiper, D and Eng, K. (2009). An Extended Drawing Test for the Assessment of Arm and ... It is used to test tremor in Parkinson patients. In 2002, Pullman received US Patent 6,454,706: "System and method for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwriting_movement_analysis

He was a pioneer of quantitative perimetry, introducing this technique of visual field testing to Britain. Sinclair also ... a method for measuring the visual fields. he described the use of this technique in the diagnosis of glaucoma. Sinclair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Henry_Havens_Sinclair

The visual field of the competitors was manipulated independently of the view of the test-raven. The findings indicate that ... A method used to test ToM in human children has been adapted for testing non-human animals. The basis of the test is to track ... and a dominant animal are kept on opposite sides of a test arena which contains two visual barriers. In all trials, a ... One study tested another sensory mode of ToM. In a food competition, a human sat inside a booth with one piece of food to their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_mind_in_animals

"Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex". J. Physiol. 160 (1): 106-54. ... With the emergence of two-photon microscopy and calcium imaging, we now have powerful experimental methods with which to test ... Olshausen, Bruno A.; Field, David J. (1997-12-01). "Sparse coding with an overcomplete basis set: A strategy employed by V1?". ... The early historical roots of the field can be traced to the work of people such as Louis Lapicque, Hodgkin & Huxley, Hubel & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_neuroscientist

Prior to training with the HEG device, patients are given a standardized pre test, most often the Test of Variables of ... The ratio of red/infrared light refraction is displayed as a visual signal on a computer monitor and may also be translated ... Hemoencephalography (HEG) is a relatively new neurofeedback technique within the field of neurotherapy. Neurofeedback, a ... which then calculates the ratio of red to infrared light and translates it into a visual signal of corresponding to oxygenation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoencephalography

Advances in the fields of molecular biology and genetics, as well as the use of animal models have been of great importance in ... With the tests a pediatrician should perform, as explained above, the difference is quite easy to make.[12] In deformational ... When the ICP is elevated the following symptomes may occur: vomiting, visual disturbance, bulging of the anterior fontanel, ... Neurobehavioural impairment includes problems with attention and planning, processing speed, visual spatial skills, language, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniosynostosis

"Chi Is Tested". Transcription: "Chi, tamesa reru" (Japanese: チー、試される。). June 22, 2009 (2009-06-22). ... The Yamadas and Chi finally leave the ranch, but then stop at a sunflower field and decide to take a picture. But then Chi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi's_Sweet_Home

The Visual Food Encyclopedia. Québec Amerique. 1996. ISBN 9782764408988. .. *^ Davidson, Alan (2006). The Oxford Companion to ... Kaufman, Kenn (2005). Kaufman Field Guide to Birds of North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0618574230. .. ... "A test of Allen's rule in ectotherms: the case of two south American Melanopline Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with ... Feinstein, Julie (2011). Field Guide to Urban Wildlife. Stackpole Books. p. 130. ISBN 9780811705851. .. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallard

Instead, it provides a visual representation of the Pure Land texts, and is used as a teaching aid.[citation needed] ... The whole paddy field, locally known as Bihu Loukon, is now protected and announced as historical monument and site by the ... American art therapist Joan Kellogg continued in Jung's work and created a diagnostic tool - MARI card test.[37] ... The mandala can be shown to represent in visual form the core essence of the Vajrayana teachings. The mind is "a microcosm ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandala

Sometimes these tests are performed by techs without a medical degree, but the interpretation of these tests is done by a ... Interdisciplinary fields[edit]. Some interdisciplinary sub-specialties of medicine include: *Aerospace medicine deals with ... and visual arts) and their application to medical education and practice. ... After examination for signs and interviewing for symptoms, the doctor may order medical tests (e.g. blood tests), take a biopsy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical

by itself for visual indentation).. However, a huge pile of drama has erupted at WT:MOSMATH#Indenting for no explicable reason ... Maybe we could do a test: on Talk:Dates and Numbers, I/we propose mass-changing WP: to MOS: on just that page, and see what the ... While specialized publications in a field, such as academic journals, are excellent sources for facts, they are not always the ... the Manual of Style incorporates a substantial number of practices from technical standards and field-specific academic style ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style

... es emit on the electromagnetic spectrum, with sferics and E-field effects detected.[45][47][48] There are observed ... Rotating wall clouds may be a visual manifestation of a low-level mesocyclone. Barring a low-level boundary, tornadogenesis is ... also provides new insights as observations and new discoveries are integrated into our physical understanding and then tested ... "Advanced Spotters' Field Guide" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2003-01-03. Retrieved 2009-12-13.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadoes

"Across the Field", Ohio State's fight song, and "Buckeye Battle Cry" are commonly played and sung at athletic events, as well ... The center was founded to encompass all aspects of visual and performing arts with a focus on new commissions and artist ... The Wellness Center within the RPAC offers services such as nutrition counseling, financial coaching, HIV and STI testing, ... track and field), John Havlicek, Jerry Lucas, Bobby Knight, and Larry Siegfried (basketball), 2010 Olympics silver medalist ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ohio_State_University

"Visual Elements: Group 1 - The Alkali Metals". Visual Elements. Royal Society of Chemistry. Archived from the original on 5 ... Various tests eliminated the possibility of the unknown element being thorium, radium, lead, bismuth, or thallium. The new ... which may have significant impacts on their interior magnetic fields.[169][170] It has been estimated that the transition from ... Flame test colour. Principal emission/absorption wavelength (nm) Crimson. 670.8. Yellow. 589.2. Violet. 766.5. Red-violet. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

AT least one T-72M1 was upgraded to FINMOD 1 level, however whether the ERA Kontakt-1 was mockup tested or fully tested with ... The main visual difference between BMT-72 and T-72 is a seventh pair of roadwheels.[4][111] ... First delivered to the 20th Field Army in summer 2013 and its Armored Guards Brigade in October 2013. About 2,000 such tanks ... Tanks and armored fighting vehicles : visual encyclopedia. New York, N.Y.: Chartwell Books. 2012. p. 343. ISBN 9780785829263. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-72B3

The visual editor will now use MediaSearch to find images. You can search for images on Commons in the visual editor when you ... You can test it on Testwiki or Testwiki 2.. *. The parameters for how you obtain tokens in the MediaWiki API were changed in ... There will be a new field to specify the database to connect to. If you think this affects you and you need help you can post ... You can also test CSS and JavaScript pages even if you have the live preview enabled. Previously this didn't work well. [49][50 ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പഞ്ചായത്ത്_

While holding a military position related to his field, he was given the task of creating a color blindness test. Ishihara ... Test procedures[edit]. Being a printed plate, the accuracy of the test depends on using the proper lighting to illuminate the ... The Ishihara test is a color perception test for red-green color deficiencies, the first in a class of successful color vision ... Color perception test. Example of an Ishihara color test plate. The number "74" should be clearly visible to viewers with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishihara_Test

The Visual F# tools from Microsoft include full IDE integration in Visual Studio. With the language service installed, Visual ... Values and record fields can also be labelled as mutable. . For example: // Define 'x' with initial value '1' let mutable x = 1 ... Run a test primes 1000000 1002000 ,, Array.iter (printfn '%d') ... In addition, the Visual F# tools comes with a Visual Studio- ... یکی دیگر از مزیت‌های این زبان پشتیبانی کامل Visual Studio از این زبان می‌باشد به گونه ای که از نسخه ۲۰۰۸ به بعد در تمامی ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/اف_شارپ

Specialists in this field often run their own immunopathology labs.[citation needed]Immunodermatology testing is essential for ... visual and also data communication, but typically photos of dermatologic conditions) usually made by non-dermatologists for ... Allergy testing - 'Patch testing' for contact dermatitis.. *Systemic therapies - including antibiotics, immunomodulators, and ... This field specializes in the treatment of immune-mediated skin diseases such as lupus, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatology?utm_source=website&utm_medium=txt-link&utm_term=dermatology&utm_content=wikipedia&utm_campaign=trichology-services

A dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and plasma and urine methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) test can be used to estimate who ... Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from November 2013. *Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from November 2013 ... Visual disturbances. *Increased hepatic enzymes without associated clinical sequelae.. Contraindications[edit]. Avoid use in:[ ... it was then tested for anti-cholinergic properties to see if it was a possible antidepressant but these tests also proved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moclobemide

... testing of collections for residual heavy metal pesticides,[69][70] presence of early plastics in collections,[71] the effect ... "Field Museum Traveling Exhibitions".. *^ a b c d e f g Nitecki, M (1980). "Field Museum of Natural History". ASC Newsletter. 8 ... Chicago: Field Museum.. *^ Metzler, S (2007). Theatres of Nature Dioramas at the Field Museum. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural ... Sue at the Field Museum. Field Museum of Natural History.. *^ "Sue at The Field Museum: The Largest, Most Complete, Best ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Museum

Two of the field's major international research journals are based in Bergen: Nordic Journal for Music Therapy[80] and Voices: ... Multi-modal stimulation (MMS) includes the applications of auditory, tactile, vestibular, and visual stimulation that helps aid ... measured with reality orientation and face recognition tests. The effectiveness of the treatment seems to be strongly dependent ... It has become well known in the music therapy field that music can be an effective tool in the treatment of grief and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologic_music_therapy

the world of visual perspective is one of unified and homogeneous space. Such a world is alien to the resonating diversity of ... Certainly the McLuhan test can be applied to the Gutenberg Galaxy itself. Doing so will reveal a further insight into the ... McLuhan described it as one which "develops a mosaic or field approach to its problems".[4] The mosaic image to be constructed ... Quoting with approval an observation on the nature of the printed word from Prints and Visual Communication by William Ivins, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gutenberg_Galaxy

Testing[edit]. SAS student test scores consistently show a high level of academic achievement. Students in grades 3 through 9 ... The middle school has its own playing field and library/media centre. Students share a 25-meter pool, gymnasiums, and fields ... visual and performing arts, physical education, and health education. American citizens must earn one credit in American ... 3 full-size soccer/football fields (two grass, one turf), as well as smaller elementary and middle school playing fields ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_American_School

Defined as having central visual acuity of less than 3/60 with normal fields of vision, or gross visual field restriction. ... Main article: Visual prosthesis. A 2008 study tested the effect of using gene therapy to help restore the sight of patients ... visual field defect in which the peripheral field is contracted to such an extent that the widest diameter of the visual field ... An eye which is accompanied by a limitation in the fields of vision such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness

In almost all the test subjects, this was the left side. In fact, the only subject tested that had right-hemispheric language ... A student taking a test and trying to remember the answer to a question is concentrating their attention on retrieving the ... Furthermore, investigators took volumetric measurements of the grey and white matter of the brains of their test subjects and ... these researchers found that brain activation looked very different depending on which language the test subjects were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus

Phenice details numerous visual differences between the male and female pelvis. In general, the male skeleton is more robust ... Direct testing of bioarchaeological methods for sexing skeletons by comparing gendered names on coffin plates from the crypt at ... Martin, Debra L., Ryan P. Harrod, and Misty Fields. "Beaten Down and Worked to the Bone: Bioarchaeological Investigations of ... Michopoulou, E.; Nikita, E.; Henderson, C. Y. (2016-01-01). "A test of the effectiveness of the Coimbra method in capturing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioarchaeology

... the magnetic field from the eddy current shows a constant pattern as it moves along the material being tested. But a crack or ... If the targeted B-field is larger than the earth magnetic field (maximum value around 60 µT), the sensor does not need to be ... To measure the field below the geomagnetic noise, much more sensitive magnetic field sensors have to be employed. These sensors ... Kádár, Z.; Bossche, A.; Sarro, P.M.; Mollinger, J.R. Magnetic-field measurements using an integrated resonant magnetic-field ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEMS_magnetic_field_sensor

To test the hypothesis, he created photographic composite images of the faces of vegetarians and criminals to see if there was ... Faces are an important class of visual stimuli for humans, and the perception of "faceness" is a critical part of social ... The explanation for the averageness phenomenon covers two distinct, but complementary fields of inquiry: cognitive and ... To test this, they selected photographs of 192 young male and female Caucasian faces; each of which was computer scanned and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averageness

The head is large, with eyes positioned high and laterally in the skull, so the visual field of parrots is unlike any other ... The question of why birds imitate remains open, but those that do often score very high on tests designed to measure problem- ... although this is nowhere near as large as primate binocular visual fields.[30] ... Cooke, Fred; Bruce, Jenni (2004). The Encyclopedia of Animals: a complete visual guide (1 ed.). Berkeley, California: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaciformes

However, when the image was only presented to the left visual field (which maps to the right brain hemisphere) the patients ... tests.[4][10] ... by providing the instructions within the visual field that is ... In these experiments when patients were shown an image within the right visual field (which maps to the left brain hemisphere ... In 2002 Gazzaniga stated that the three decades of research in the field had taught him that the left hemisphere is far more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_brain_interpreter

Predictably, some of this came from peasants who wanted the children to work in the fields instead.[141] Maria Theresa crushed ... Widowhood and Visual Culture in Early Modern Europe. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 0-7546-0731-3. .. ... in the case of the test subjects). The empress therefore ordered the construction of an inoculation centre, and had herself and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria

A song was released to mark the 20th anniversary, entitled "Fields of Anfield Road" which peaked at No. 14 in the UK charts.[ ... A police officer ordinarily made a visual assessment before guiding fans to other pens.[91] However, on the day of the disaster ... South Yorkshire Police had performed blood alcohol tests on the victims, some of them children, and ran computer checks on the ... At the time of the disaster, most English football stadiums had high steel fencing between the spectators and the playing field ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillsborough_disaster

"Melbourne Rapid Fields - Visual Field Suite (MRF)" which consists of In-Clinic and Online Visual Field testing. ... Tests include: Full field 30-2, Full grid 24-2, Macular 10-2, Screening as well as Visual Acuity assessment. Patient data is ... "Were excited to release the Melbourne Rapid Fields - A Visual Field which allows for the user to utilize one or both products ... "Were excited to release the Melbourne Rapid Fields - A Visual Field which allows for the user to utilize one or both products ...

https://www.prweb.com/releases/m_s_technologies_announces_visual_field_testing_breakthrough/prweb17094912.htm

Humphrey Field Analyzer, and Goldmann perimetry tests) for glaucoma and macular degeneration detection. ... Read about visual field testing and vision tests (Amsler grid, ... A visual field test is used to assess a persons central and ... Visual field testing and electrophysiological testing are essential in diagnosing RP. Though there is no cure for RP, vitamin A ... and diseases that affect visual pathways in the brain. Read more: Visual Field Test Article ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/visual_field_test/index.htm

"Visual Field Testing". January 2, 2013. Siverstone, DE, Hirsch, J: Automated Visual Field Testing. Appelton-Century Croft. ... Olleyes VisuALL, etc. Techniques used to perform this test include the confrontation visual field examination (Donders test). ... Machine based tests aid diagnostics by allowing a detailed printout of the patients visual field. Other names for this test ... Perimetry more carefully maps and quantifies the visual field, especially at the extreme periphery of the visual field. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_field_test

"Visual Field Tests" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Visual Field Tests" was a major or minor topic ... "Visual Field Tests" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Visual Field Tests*Visual Field Tests. *Field Test, Visual. *Field Tests, Visual ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Visual Field Tests" by people in Profiles. ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Visual%20Field%20Tests

... with 59 undergoing the standard Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) testing. Large visual field defects were reliably detected by ... VirtualEye performs the equivalent of a full threshold 24-2 visual field in two modes: (1) manual, with patient response ... 59 patients successfully completed the test in manual mode and 40 in visual grasp mode, ... We report development and clinical testing of a compact, head-mounted, and eye-tracking perimeter (VirtualEye) that provides a ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/206082/

... thereby allowing prolonged visual fixation upon the resulting dynamic target. A dynamic stimulus may utilize a frequency ... of a fixation or peripheral stimulus displayed on a computer-driven display allows a human subject to maintain extended visual ... Visual field perimetry on a small computer screen. US5883692 *. 1 Oct 1997. 16 Mar 1999. Retsan, Inc.. Visual field measurement ... The dynamic peripheral stimulus may be used to map the visual field through perimetry or campimetry, to stimulate visual field ...

http://www.google.com.au/patents/US20080024724

... technique temporal test object test spot threshold tumor usually variable vision visual acuity visual field defects visual ... color cones cortex cortical curve dark adaptation device disc disease eccentricity effect examiner false alarm rate field loss ... cells refraction response retina retinal detachment rods scotoma seen sensitivity slope static perimetry static testing ... patient pattern perimetrist perimetry peripheral photopic plexiform layer plotted posterior present pupil receptive fields ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=FXZsAAAAMAAJ&q=optic+neuritis&dq=related:ISBN1588291758&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&hl=en

Testing quasi-visual neurons in the monkeys frontal eye field with the triple-step paradigm.. Tian J1, Schlag J, Schlag-Rey M. ... A particular type of brain cell--the quasi-visual (QV) neuron--is assumed to play an important role in this updating by ... we found evidence that several groups of QV neurons can become simultaneously activated in the monkeys frontal eye field (FEF ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10717786?dopt=Abstract

But, he claims, sometimes your best option in testing is to look at the internal state of the code under test. PrivateObject ... NET Tip: Testing Private Fields. If youre interested in this tip, skip the next section -- the next section is just a long- ... If you want to check a private field during testing, you can use either PrivateObject or PrivateType. PrivateType is the tool ... Visual Studio 2019 v16.10 Preview 2: New Features for .NET, Containers, More. Microsoft announced Visual Studio 2019 v16.10 ...

https://visualstudiomagazine.com/blogs/tool-tracker/2018/08/testing-private-fields.aspx

Visual field testing and HRT testing will be performed before and after treatment as well if possible. Paired t-tests will be ... Does Lowering Eye Pressure Affect the Results Obtained From Objective Visual Field Testing?. The safety and scientific validity ... Pathology unrelated to glaucoma (retinal disease, stroke, brain tumor, etc) associated with visual field defect ... Effect of Acutely Lowering Intraocular Pressure on Multifocal Visual Evoked Potential Testing. ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00799994

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitable visual field (VF) test conditions (target size, test type, and ... and 3 visual function-specific perimetry tests (the 10-2 SWAP, 10-2 flicker, and 10-2 Humphrey Matrix). The GCL and inner ... for the correlation between visual sensitivity and the GCL+IPL thickness was calculated for each test at eccentricities 0 to 5 ... The VF tests included 3 SAP (the 10-2 HFA using SITA with target size III [HFA SITA (III)], full threshold with size III [HFA ...

https://insights.ovid.com/jglau/201712000/00061198-201712000-00007

Testing of Visual and Chemical Attractants in Correlation with the Development and Field Evaluation of an Autodissemination ... "Testing of Visual and Chemical Attractants in Correlation with the Development and Field Evaluation of an Autodissemination ... "Testing of Visual and Chemical Attractants in Correlation with the Development and Field Evaluation of an Autodissemination ... and test the methodology at field locations in Florida where Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus are abundant and pose a risk for ...

https://bioone.org/journals/Journal-of-the-American-Mosquito-Control-Association/volume-32/issue-3/16-6555.1/Testing-of-Visual-and-Chemical-Attractants-in-Correlation-with-the/10.2987/16-6555.1.short

Peltan on ptosis visual field test: It will not affect your field of vision. Of course, a 44 year old should have a normal ... field of vision. If you do not, that should be fully evaluated. ... Confrontation test visual field * Ask a doctor a question free ... Yes: Visual field testing will occasionally pickup small areas of visual field depressions if the floater is particularly large ... Visual field test result normal - 3/14 fixation error. Some peripheral vision loss not in field of vision. Why does test result ...

https://www.healthtap.com/topics/ptosis-visual-field-test

Frequency-doubling technology-based screening with only a visual field test showed reasonable performance on mass screening for ... Performance of glaucoma mass screening with only a visual field test using frequency-doubling technology perimetry Am J ... Purpose: To report the performance of glaucoma mass screening with only a visual field test utilizing frequency- doubling ... Conclusions: Frequency-doubling technology-based screening with only a visual field test showed reasonable performance on mass ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12383809/?dopt=Abstract

Visual Soil Assessment in the Field. [The Spade Test - Visual Soil Assessment in the Field (with Slovenian subtitles).] ... Within the project FertilCrop, visual soil assessment and other hands-on techniques are compared to analytical soil tests. The ... OK-Net Arable, FertilCrop, reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung, sapede test, Klima, FiBL1008901, FiBL1008401, Departement für Beratung ... Alföldi, Thomas; Hasinger, Gerhard and Fliessbach, Andreas (2016) The Spade Test - ...

https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/32679/

Quantitative variables of the three visual field (VF) tests (pre-COVID test, VF test 1 (with unfitted mask), and VF test 2 ( ... Pattern deviation probability plots of pre-COVID visual field (VF) test (1) VF test performed with patients own face mask (2) ... VF test 1 and VF test 2. VFI and MD were significantly worse in VF tests 1 compared with pre-COVID VF tests (84% vs 92%, p= ... Avoiding mask-related artefacts in visual field tests during the COVID-19 pandemic ...

https://bjo.bmj.com/content/early/2021/02/16/bjophthalmol-2020-318408

The Amsler grid is a simple tool that can be used to monitor and track visual distortions or blind spots associated with ... Uses and Varieties of Visual Field Tests Visual field tests are a method an eye doctor (opthalmologist or optometrist) can use ... The Amsler grid is different from the other visual field tests because it can be tested at home on paper. The other visual ... Visual Field Test. American Academy of Opthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/visual-field-testing. ...

https://www.verywellhealth.com/amsler-grid-4768092

To quantify the variability of scotomas detected by 10-2 visual field (VF) testing with a red target in patients taking ... Keywords: ideal body weight, toxicity, red test object, ancillary testing ... Location and depth of scotoma points on 10-2 VF testing were recorded and their fates followed in serial, reliable 10-2 VFs ... A median of 86%, IQR (77, 100), of these resolved on the subsequent field. For patients with retinopathy, a median of 50%, IQR ...

https://www.dovepress.com/scotoma-analysis-of-10ndash2-visual-field-testing-with-a-red-target-in-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH

visual field test reliability. The validity of information obtained from a visual field test depends on the ability of the ... To evaluate the effect of a visual field test educational video on the reliability of the first automated visual field test of ... and events surrounding a standard automated visual field test, with emphasis on the sources of unreliable visual field results ... best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), diagnosis, duration of visual field test, fixation loss rate (FL), false positive response ...

https://bjo.bmj.com/content/87/2/153

... frequent visual field testing may be associated with earlier detection of the conditions progression, according to a report ... included all visual field tests performed within the first year of follow-up as well as the last available visual field tests. ... More frequent visual field testing may lead to earlier detection of glaucoma progression. August 8, 2011, JAMA and Archives ... In addition, they assembled a low-frequency data set by deleting, for one group, every other visual field test from the second ...

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-08-frequent-visual-field-earlier-glaucoma.html

... Central and peripheral vision is tested by using visual field tests. Changes may indicate eye diseases, such ... The following exams, tests, and procedures are recommended for #AGEGROUPLOWER#.#FEMALETEXT# Select a link from the list below ... to learn how and why each test is performed, as well how to prepare for it. ...

https://ssl.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=139&pid=2&gid=1143&site=chifranciscan.adam.com&login=CHI_1977

The 24-2 Visual Field Test Misses Central Macular Damage Confirmed by the 10-2 Visual Field Test and Optical Coherence ... Incorporating Spatial Models in Visual Field Test Procedures. Spatial summation across the central visual field: Implications ... Gardiner SK Crabb DP . Frequency of testing for detecting visual field progression. Br J Ophthalmol . 2002; 86:560-564. [ ... Viswanathan AC Hitchings RA Fitzke FW . How often do patients need visual field tests? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 1997 ...

http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2127544

This modality displays as many color-coded bars as there are contrast levels tested in a CVFA exam. A normal visual field is ... Novel Display Modalities of Visual Field Loss Progression Over Time for Threshold Amsler Grid Tests ... Novel Display Modalities of Visual Field Loss Progression Over Time for Threshold Amsler Grid Tests ... per contrast level tested. A normal visual field is displayed as a series of empty boxes. Absolute scotomas are represented as ...

https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2638493

Diabetic eye test, contact lens prescription, fitting & teaching. ...

https://www.visionstudio.com.au/pages/visual-field-test

Screens for visual field loss from glaucoma, macular degeneration and other vision problems. Useful for rapid screening. Buy ... Numbered points and additional unnumbered targets for select visual field test.. Includes single dial in High contrast level, ... Can be used to screen for visual field loss from glaucoma, macular degeneration and other vision problems. ... Can be used to screen for visual field loss from glaucoma, macular degeneration and other vision problems ...

https://www.precision-vision.com/products/visual-fields-tests/damato-campimeter/

Development of a test grid using Eye Movement Perimetry for screening glaucomatous visual field defects. Publication. ... Development of a test grid using Eye Movement Perimetry for screening glaucomatous visual field defects. Graefes Archive for ... The aim of the current study was to develop an EMP-based screening grid to identify glaucomatous visual field defects. Methods ... Background: Eye Movement Perimetry (EMP) uses Saccadic Eye Movement (SEM) responses for visual field evaluation. Previous ...

https://repub.eur.nl/pub/103793

Thirty-nine adult participants performed a cognitively demanding test, with and without movement in the far peripheral field. ... men spent less time on the cognitive test in the peripheral movement condition than in the conditions without peripheral ... Bevilacqua, A., Paas, F. & Krigbaum, G. (2016). Effects of motion in the far peripheral visual field on cognitive test ... Effects of motion in the far peripheral visual field on cognitive test performance and cognitive load ...

http://ro.uow.edu.au/sspapers/2560/

Two visual field maps were analyzed: a spatially equated visual field where GI was used centrally, GII mid-peripherally and ... visual field can be distilled into 6 functional classes using the spatially equated visual field (Class separation 1). The 6 ... Methods:52 subjects (classified in decade age groups from 20-60+ years) were tested using the Humphrey Visual Field Analyser 30 ... Conclusions:When using spatially equated visual field testing, concentric areas were separated into distinct CS signatures ...

https://prometheus.med.utah.edu/~bwjones/2016/05/pattern-recognition-reveals-different-visual-field-signature-patterns-when-using-spatially-equated-test-sizes-compared-to-standard-goldmann-iii-alone/

Diagnostic performance and repeatability of a novel game-based visual field test for children. Research output: Contribution to ... Purpose: To demonstrate utility of a game-based test ("Caspars Castle") for the detection of visual field defects in children. ... Of the 21 children with pathology, seven had completed standard Humphreys field testing and Caspars Castle fields corresponded ... with pathology were recruited and Caspars fields compared qualitatively with established field testing. A total of 106 of the ...

https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/diagnostic-performance-and-repeatability-of-a-novel-gamebased-visual-field-test-for-children

... we gave you a refresher of the general rules and guidelines for ophthalmic tests (see ... Consider Some Visual Fields Part of E/M. CPT® codes: 92081-92083 (Visual field examination, unilateral or bilateral, with ... Diagnostic Tests:. Part II: Refraction, Topography, Visual Fields -- Keep Your Diagnostic Test Coding On Point. Follow these ... Diagnostic Tests:. Part II: Refraction, Topography, Visual Fields -- Keep Your Diagnostic Test Coding On Point. ...

https://www.supercoder.com/coding-newsletters/my-optometry-coding-alert/diagnostic-tests-part-ii-refraction-topography-visual-fields-keep-your-diagnostic-test-coding-on-point-149470-article

Tests include: Full field 30-2, Full grid 24-2, Macular 10-2, Screening as well as Visual Acuity assessment. (prweb.com)
M&S specializes in visual acuity testing systems. (prweb.com)
as many as 25-50 percent of the photoreceptor cells may be lost before changes in visual field acuity are detected. (wikipedia.org)
Is it possible to get accurate visual field test with macular pucker decline in visual acuity, lights less bright & white computer screen looking gray? (healthtap.com)
This test evaluates 10 degrees of vision from a focal point which overall evaluates a visual acuity of 20 degrees. (verywellhealth.com)
Be sure to include in your documentation a note of performance and best-corrected visual acuity. (supercoder.com)
If there is a significant difference in visual acuity, start with the better seeing eye. (ophthalmologytraining.com)
The test result for visual acuity (clarity of vision) or visual field (total area in which objects can be seen in the peripheral vision). (datadictionary.nhs.uk)
VISUAL ACUITY TEST RESULT (AT DIAGNOSIS) is the same as attribute VISUAL ACUITY OR FIELD TEST RESULT for the test result for the visual field at PATIENT DIAGNOSIS . (datadictionary.nhs.uk)
In early stages of AMD, visual acuity is rarely affected. (healthcentral.com)
unless he demonstrates a visual acuity of at least 20/40 in each eye and at least a field of 140 degrees of horizontal vision or a comparable measurement that demonstrates a visual field within this range. (vacode.org)
D. The test of horizontal visual fields made by license examiners of the Department shall be performed at thirty-three and one-third centimeters with a 10 millimeter round white test object or may, at the discretion of the Commissioner , be performed with electronic or other devices designed for the purpose of testing visual acuity and horizontal field of vision. (vacode.org)
The report of examination of visual acuity and horizontal field of vision made by an ophthalmologist or optometrist shall have precedence over an examination made by a license examiner of the Department in administrative determination as to the issuance of a license to drive. (vacode.org)
The item "Vintage Graham Field Visual Acuity Eye Chart Cabinet with Light Vision Test" is in sale since Monday, March 26, 2018. (vintagemedicalequipment.com)
Three patients from two Swedish families were given an ophthalmological examination including visual acuity, fundus inspection, Farnsworth's color vision test, Goldmann perimetry, full-field electroretinography (full-field ERG), multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). DNA was analyzed with polymerase chain reaction for CAG trinucleotide expansion repeats in the SCA 7 gene. (nih.gov)

Inter-Eye Association of Visual Field Defects in Glaucoma and Its Clinical Utility. (harvard.edu)
Large visual field defects were reliably detected by VirtualEye. (hindawi.com)
Are visual field defects always justification for bleph? (healthtap.com)
You have defects in the central visual portion of your field of view - an area poorly outlined by most field testing devices. (healthtap.com)
Field tests will define major defects which largely will register from the peripheral areas tested. (healthtap.com)
The aim of the current study was to develop an EMP-based screening grid to identify glaucomatous visual field defects. (eur.nl)
Purpose: To demonstrate utility of a game-based test ("Caspar's Castle") for the detection of visual field defects in children. (manchester.ac.uk)
Results: In diagnostic testing using children with no eye pathology, 45 children completed a test using normal thresholds and 43 with tests using artificial defects. (manchester.ac.uk)
Confrontation fields is the most common method used during routine eye examinations and is a very gross test meaning it is only able to detect significant defects. (mastereyeassociates.com)
Computerized perimeters give a much more comprehensive report and picture of the visual field along with any defects in the field. (mastereyeassociates.com)
Visual field tests are performed to detect blind spots and other visual field defects. (wbvisioncare.com)
By using an up-to-date perimeter instrument, you can detect visual field abnormalities or defects, and assess the full horizontal and vertical range of a patient's vision. (essilor.co.uk)
The visual field test will check for defects in you field of vision. (blackrockeyecare.com)
Visual defects can be caused by disorders of the optic nerve, retina, or visual centers in the brain. (specialtyretina.com)
Computer images will help in determining defects in the visual field. (coastwideeyesurgery.com.au)
Visual field defects can be due to damage anywhere in the visual system from the retina through to the brain's visual cortex. (newgradoptometry.com)
A HFA is used to determine the visual defects of the optic nerve inflammation BEHIND the optic nerve (retrobulbar neuritis). (newgradoptometry.com)
Other types of visual field loss may include inferior and superior quadrantanopia, constricted visual fields, scotomas, and altitudinal defects [ 10 - 15 ]. (hindawi.com)

A visual field test is used to assess a person's central and peripheral vision and detect signs of glaucoma damage to the optic nerve, eyelid conditions such as ptosis, optic nerve disease, and diseases that affect visual pathways in the brain. (medicinenet.com)
Defining glaucomatous optic neuropathy using objective criteria from structural and functional testing. (harvard.edu)
The progression or stability of the disease must always be monitored by evaluating the visual field as well as the intraocular pressure, appearance of the optic nerve and nerve fiber layer. (mastereyeassociates.com)
In addition to glaucoma, visual field analyzers are able to detect other diseases involving the retina, optic nerve and brain. (mastereyeassociates.com)
Retinal Nerve Fiber Structure versus Visual Field Function in Patients with Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. (elsevier.com)
Purpose: To test a linear model relating the regional loss in retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) thickness to the corresponding regional loss in sensitivity with data from patients with previous anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). (elsevier.com)
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Retinal Nerve Fiber Structure versus Visual Field Function in Patients with Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. (elsevier.com)
As the nerve fibers in the optic nerve (the cable that transmits the visual message from the eye to the brain) are damaged in glaucoma, there is a gradual and painless loss of vision. (glaucomaassociates.com)
Visual field tests are conducted to see the extent of damage to the optic chiasma and the optic nerves. (news-medical.net)
Visual fields tests are commonly used to detect signs of glaucoma damage to the optic nerve, retinal conditions, and neurological problems. (calgaryretina.ca)
The visual part of the nervous system includes the retina (the "film" in the camera-like eye), the optic nerve (the "wire" that carries images from the retina to the brain), and the brain itself. (center-for-sight.com)
OCT scanning can precisely measure the amount of optic nerve swelling, and visual field testing documents peripheral vision loss. (eyecenters.com)
Visual field testing is most frequently used to detect signs of glaucoma damage to the optic nerve. (wbvisioncare.com)
In addition, visual field tests are useful for detection of central or peripheral retinal diseases of the retina, eyelid conditions such as drooping (ptosis), optic nerve damage and disease, and conditions affecting the visual pathways from the optic nerve to the area of the brain (occipital cortex) where this information is processed into vision. (wbvisioncare.com)
The nature of such blind spots (shape, size, depth) can point towards different disorders of eye, optic nerve or visual pathway in the brain. (neoretina.com)
In addition, visual field tests are useful for detection of central or peripheral retinal disease, eyelid conditions such as ptosis or drooping of the eyelid, optic nerve disease, and diseases affecting thePerimeter. (visionsource-shawnee.com)
For example, the optic nerve damage caused by glaucoma results in a specific visual field defect. (chanoptometry.com)
Results of the test support the diagnosis of glaucoma if it correlates with other parts of the eye examination (e.g. eye pressure check, optic disc evaluation, etc.) that also point to glaucoma. (philippineglaucomasociety.com)
Different parts of the nervous system and brain control different parts of your visual field, and so certain patterns of vision loss can point to regions along the vision pathway-from retina to optic nerves to cortex of the brain-where there may be a problem such as structural damage. (verywellhealth.com)
Also, a visual field test may detect central or peripheral retinal disease, some eyelid conditions including ptosis (drooping eyelid), optic nerve disease, and diseases affecting the visual pathways within the brain. (verywellhealth.com)
The typical visual field defect of an optic neuritis is a central scotoma, but it can also be arcuate, altitudinal, hemianopic, or cecocentral. (newgradoptometry.com)
Visual field is an important measure of the extent of damage to your optic nerve. (glaucomafoundation.org)
The optic nerve collects all of the visual information from the retina of the eye and transmits that information to the brain, where the signals are interpreted as vision. (medicinenet.com)
Unfortunately, the visual field loss in glaucoma represents permanent damage to the optic nerve and is therefore irreversible. (medicinenet.com)
These patients are called 'glaucoma suspects' and must be monitored closely for subtle changes in their visual field or in their optic nerve. (medicinenet.com)
The intracranial course of the anterior visual pathway includes the optic nerves which pass medially from the optic canals to form the optic chiasm and are supplied by branches of blood vessels from the ophthalmic artery and pial vessels from adjacent branches of the internal carotid artery [ 16 - 19 ]. (hindawi.com)

59 patients successfully completed the test in manual mode and 40 in visual grasp mode, with 59 undergoing the standard Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) testing. (hindawi.com)
Frequency-doubling technology-glaucoma screening protocol was tested on consecutive glaucoma patients diagnosed with Humphrey visual field analyzer (30-2 SITA standard), and then FDT-GSP was applied to general populations. (nih.gov)
Employing the Ceeable Visual Field Analyzer ( CVFA) , f.k.a. 3D Computer-automated Threshold Amsler Grid (3D-CTAG, Fink & Sadun, JBO 2004), visual field loss is recorded as missing areas on Amsler grids of various contrast levels. (arvojournals.org)
The most common machine used is the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HFA) and there are various versions of this machine. (mastereyeassociates.com)
There are other smaller versions of this visual field analyzer that use different technology but give the same detailed reports. (mastereyeassociates.com)
A visual field analyzer is most commonly used to monitor or diagnose glaucoma . (mastereyeassociates.com)
SWeLZ was compared to an implementation of the ZEST algorithm for perimetry using computer simulations on 163 glaucomatous and 233 normal VFs (Humphrey Field Analyzer 24-2). (arvojournals.org)
Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm (SITA) was developed in the 1990s and superseded Full Threshold in the Humphrey Field Analyzer, reducing test times to 4 to 5 minutes for normally sighted observers. (arvojournals.org)
As primary eye care physicians, we all can agree on the importance of the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HFA) and visual field testing in our practices to both diagnose and manage ocular conditions. (newgradoptometry.com)
Methods: Eyes with 3 or more consecutive reliable VFs measured with the Humphrey Field Analyzer (Swedish interactive threshold algorithm standard 24-2) were included. (elsevier.com)

In the population-based screening, there were 660 (4.5%) subjects who had positive FDT-GSP, including 512 in whom no visual field abnormalities (VFA) had been pointed out previously. (nih.gov)
There are many variations used when testing visual fields using confrontational techniques, but the majority initially rule out gross abnormalities before making the test more sensitive. (ophthalmologytraining.com)
Visual field tests measure the visual field of each eye, identify the presence of blind spots, and check for visual field abnormalities, all of which may indicate eye disease or brain disorders. (idilbilginod.com)
The visual field test is designed to check for loss of side vision and diagnose eye problems and visual abnormalities. (idilbilginod.com)
Countless eye and brain disorders can cause visual field abnormalities and blind spots in the field of vision. (idilbilginod.com)
Many eye and brain disorders can cause peripheral vision loss and other visual field abnormalities. (wbvisioncare.com)
Brain abnormalities such as those caused by strokes or tumors can affect the visual field. (visionsource-shawnee.com)
[web.archive.org] […] that detect abnormalities in the visual field in patients with early or mild glaucomatous damage but who have normal results on Standard Automated Perimetry. (symptoma.com)
It is vital children have their eyes tested early to screen for abnormalities. (healthpoint.co.nz)

Development and Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms to Determine Visual Field Progression. (harvard.edu)
In glaucoma consultations, our team had the impression that many patients presented a presumed progression of the visual field (VF) scotoma despite the apparent stability of their disease. (bmj.com)
The current study has analysed a cluster of VF tests performed with a face mask showing progression despite glaucoma stability, suggesting a mask-related false progression. (bmj.com)
VF tests 1 were suspected of progression when at least three new adjacent locations exhibited significant deterioration in the glaucoma progression analysis (GPA) event-based analysis or, if not present, when at least three new adjacent locations exhibited a sensitivity lower than 95% considered normal for an age-adjusted population in the pattern deviation probability plot compared with the last pre-COVID scotoma (pre-COVID VF). (bmj.com)
Discriminating a change representing development or progression of retinopathy rather than test variability has been difficult. (dovepress.com)
In patients with glaucoma, frequent visual field testing may be associated with earlier detection of the condition's progression, according to a report published Online First by Archives of Ophthalmology, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. (medicalxpress.com)
According to background information in the article, visual field testing is one of the main ways of monitoring patients with glaucoma for progression. (medicalxpress.com)
Estimating rates of progression can help identify patients who are progressing at a faster pace and are therefore at serious risk of developing visual disability during their lifetime," write the authors. (medicalxpress.com)
In summary, we found that a twice-yearly schedule of visual field testing resulted in earlier detection of glaucoma progression compared with a yearly schedule, especially with global trend analyses," write the authors. (medicalxpress.com)
Published recommendations suggest three visual field (VF) tests per year are required to identify rapid progression in a newly diagnosed glaucomatous patient over 2 years. (arvojournals.org)
This report aims to determine if identification of progression would be improved by clustering tests at the beginning and end of the 2-year period. (arvojournals.org)
Accurately determining visual field (VF) progression in glaucoma is important: it is central to effective clinical management of the disease, and it is the relevant functional endpoint for clinical trials of new treatments. (arvojournals.org)
Appropriate analysis to measure VF progression then requires a sound comprehension of the amount or rate of VF loss (decibels [dB] per year), the period of observation, the effect of VF measurement variability, and the number of follow-up tests required to detect change with adequate statistical power. (arvojournals.org)
To provide novel display modalities of visual field loss progression over time as a function of Amsler grid contrast for threshold Amsler grid tests when performing subsequent repeat exams of subjects. (arvojournals.org)
Visual field testing is usually performed every 6 to 12 months to monitor for glaucoma progression. (blackrockeyecare.com)
More frequent visual field tests often are performed to monitor the progression of glaucoma. (verywellhealth.com)
Software has been developed to help your doctor analyze these tests as well as monitor progression of visual field loss over successive tests. (glaucomafoundation.org)
Nevertheless, these tests can help physicians and patients monitor potential progression of the disease. (healthcentral.com)
The gold standard in glaucoma care has been visual field testing, while optical coherence tomography has shown to play a significant role in enabling clinicians to identify changes in progression that could impact disease management. (zeiss.com)
Glaucomatous progression is almost 10 times faster than the normal rate of decay of visual function with age. (slideshare.net)
We are most concerned with progression in the order of 1.5-2dB per year Common RoP (0.6 dB/year) in a clinical population with glaucoma Mean RoP for normal visual decay (0.07 dB/year) Mean RoP (1.1 dB/year) in untreated glaucoma Heijl et al. (slideshare.net)

Several parameters including reliability indices, test duration, VF index (VFI), mean defect (MD) and pattern deviation probability plots were compared among last pre-COVID VFs, VF tests 1 and VF tests 2, using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. (bmj.com)
Your responses help determine if you have a defect in your visual field. (medlineplus.gov)
In fact, the location of the stroke or tumor in the brain can frequently be determined by the size, shape and site of the visual field defect. (visionsource-shawnee.com)
The blind spot of the channel for the nerves was already resolved at ca. 17 degree left handside as well as a small makular defect close to the visual center part. (eyesage.org)
Toxicity from certain medications may also affect the retina and result in a visual field defect. (chanoptometry.com)
For example, increasing congruity (similarity between both eyes) generally indicates a defect that is located in higher cortical areas of the brain, and a loss of function in the lower visual field can point to problems with fibers of the upper retina or nerve head. (verywellhealth.com)
The primary endpoint of this study is the non-inferiority estimation quality of participant's mean defect (MD) measured in decibel (dB) between the head-mounted display and an OCTOPUS perimeter using the dynamic strategy (DS) for participants with normal or glaucomatous visual field. (clinicaltrials.gov)

The Online Visual Field screening allows the eyecare professional to monitor patients in the comfort of their home," says Joe Marino, President & CEO. (prweb.com)
The Goldmann method is able to test the entire range of peripheral vision, and has been used for years to follow vision changes in glaucoma patients. (wikipedia.org)
Patterns of Daily Physical Activity across the Spectrum of Visual Field Damage in Glaucoma Patients. (harvard.edu)
A second group of patients whose pressures will not be lowered will also be tested with Accumap at baseline and two hours afterwards, in order to examine reproducibility of mean MOP amplitude and mean circumferential amplitude. (clinicaltrials.gov)
HVF and HRT testing will also be obtained on thes patients when possible. (clinicaltrials.gov)
At the beginning of the current COVID-19 crisis, there was significant uncertainty about the risk for COVID-19 transmission between patients when undertaking a visual field assessment at a bowl perimeter. (college-optometrists.org)
We tested 32 eyes of patients (61.1±9.2 y) with preperimetric (6), early-stage (16), and moderate-stage (10) glaucoma. (ovid.com)
Visual field testing will occasionally pickup small areas of visual field depressions if the floater is particularly large and thick, as some patients may have. (healthtap.com)
4 Furthermore, face masks seem to be a distracting factor to make a reliable test, as patients refer to feeling uncomfortable and short of breath. (bmj.com)
To quantify the variability of scotomas detected by 10-2 visual field (VF) testing with a red target in patients taking hydroxychloroquine without and with retinopathy. (dovepress.com)
Twenty-four patients taking hydroxychloroquine without retinopathy, and eight patients taking hydroxychloroquine with retinopathy were tested in this study. (dovepress.com)
Our results have significant health care policy implications with regard to determining the frequency of visual field testing in patients with glaucoma . (medicalxpress.com)
The campimeter is great for testing large groups of patients or those that are uncooperative. (precision-vision.com)
Methods: An interactive test consisting of 36 locations and two stimulus contrasts (162 cd/m2 and 190 cd/m2 on a background of 140 cd/m2) was evaluated in 54 healthy subjects and 50 primary glaucoma patients. (eur.nl)
Results: The data from the AION patients resembled the data from glaucoma patients previously tested and were described by the linear model. (elsevier.com)
Patients are asked to sit facing the testing instrument and look straight-ahead at a fixed spot. (idilbilginod.com)
Visual field testing is an important part of any eye examination, as it can help to determine your patients' peripheral vision capabilities. (essilor.co.uk)
Many patients may not fully understand the advantages of undergoing a perimeter test. (essilor.co.uk)
Visual field testing is used to diagnose and monitor patients with glaucoma, intracranial tumors, and other causes of raised intracranial pressures, and neurological diseases affecting the visual pathways including strokes and pituitary lesions. (cairnseye.com)
The commonest visual field test is called Computerized Perimetry and uses a machine to map out the threshold sensitivities of patients' peripheral vison. (cairnseye.com)
Since many patients have normal fields, this has the potential for significant time savings in clinical settings. (arvojournals.org)
Visual field testing is done for a number of different reasons but most frequently to test or manage patients who have glaucoma. (dp.ua)
In our Eye Center we typically start the testing sequence in demonstration mode to familiarizeize patients with the process. (dp.ua)
We usually start on a demonstration mode to familiarizeize patients with the process and change over to actual testing once patients appear to be comfortable. (dp.ua)
Since patients with open-angle glaucoma rarely notice their gradual peripheral visual field loss, they may not visit an eye doctor until advanced changes have occurred. (medicinenet.com)
The eye doctor also can diagnose patients who already have glaucoma by observing their nerve for damage or detecting visual field loss with a peripheral visual field test . (medicinenet.com)
Would your patients recognize the visual signs of glaucoma? (zeiss.com)
High risk patients should be tested every year or two after age 35. (zeiss.com)
Reduce testing time for your patients. (zeiss.com)
However, evidence suggests that PRP can be damaging on visual field function and thus jeopardize patients' eligibility to drive. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Following informed consent these patients will undergo baseline visual field testing which will be of a duration of approximately 30 minutes and complete a quality of life questionnaire. (clinicaltrials.gov)
At 6 months following the completion of treatment the patients will undergo repeat visual field testing as conducted at baseline and complete a quality of life questionnaire. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Analysis of visual fields will principally involve assessment of whether patients have met the UK driving standards on Estermann VF testing. (clinicaltrials.gov)
All patients will receive laser treatment following visual field testing. (clinicaltrials.gov)
All patients with bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy requiring bilateral pan retinal photocoagulation will undergo baseline visual field tests prior to commencing laser treatment. (clinicaltrials.gov)
At this time, Wake Forest Baptist Health is following state and national guidelines and is limiting COVID-19 testing in the outpatient setting to only patients ill enough to require admission to the hospital. (wakehealth.edu)
479 patients (52%) had visual field loss. (hindawi.com)
51 patients (10%) had no visual symptoms. (hindawi.com)
Two patients (1%) had further decline of visual field. (hindawi.com)
Patients with visual field loss had lower quality of life scores than stroke patients without visual impairment. (hindawi.com)
Visual field testing is an important diagnostic consideration in the evaluation of patients with many different types of pathologies. (slideshare.net)
The eye specialist supervises or conducts routine diagnostic tests and assists in the care and treatment of ophthalmology or optometry patients. (goarmy.com)

A visual field test is an eye examination that can detect dysfunction in central and peripheral vision which may be caused by various medical conditions such as glaucoma, stroke, pituitary disease, brain tumours or other neurological deficits. (wikipedia.org)
In the basic perimetry measurement, the patient is presented with a series of light stimuli of varying intensities in different visual field locations, and the threshold sensitivity of the retina is assessed based on the patient's ability to consciously detect and respond to these stimuli. (hindawi.com)
Blood tests are prescribed to detect the levels of growth hormone in the body. (news-medical.net)
This test is used to detect blind spots or scotomas in the visual field which could be a sign of an eye or a neurological disease. (neoretina.com)
It is also used to detect retinal diseases, drooping of the eyelids and conditions affecting the visual pathways in the brain. (coastwideeyesurgery.com.au)
This helps your doctor detect areas of blindness in your visual field. (coastwideeyesurgery.com.au)
This test can detect these peripheral blind spots which develop discretely and cannot be noticed by the patient especially in the early stages of glaucoma. (philippineglaucomasociety.com)
Static automated perimetry uses a machine to quantify how well a person is able to detect flashing lights of varying size and brightness in different quadrants of the visual field while looking directly and steadily at a central point within a dome. (verywellhealth.com)
Imaging studies and tests that examine the blood and urine are used to detect (find) and diagnose a pituitary tumor. (cancer.gov)
Colour vision is tested using Ishihara plates, named after Shinobu Ishihara a Japanese ophthalmologist who created a simple test to detect colour blindness in 1918. (healthpoint.co.nz)

Methods: Eyes were tested with standard automated perimetry (SAP) and with optical coherence tomography (OCT), both RNFL thickness scans. (elsevier.com)

I would not however expect a large visual field abnormality from a floater and certainly l recommend an exam to rule out any problems by an eye md. (healthtap.com)
This modality displays as many color-coded bars as there are contrast levels tested in a CVFA exam. (arvojournals.org)
A visual fields test, also known as a perimetry test, is a type of eye exam to measure all areas of eyesight including peripheral vision. (calgaryretina.ca)
Tangent screen or Goldmann field exam. (medlineplus.gov)
This eye exam will show whether you have a loss of vision anywhere in your visual field. (medlineplus.gov)
This test is often given as part of a routine eye exam. (wbvisioncare.com)
The visual field can be tested in a few different ways, including the confrontational visual field exam, tangent screen test, and automated perimetry exam (described below). (healthline.com)
What Happens During the Confrontational Visual Field Exam? (healthline.com)
The confrontational visual field exam is a basic exam performed by your eye doctor. (healthline.com)
The confrontational visual field exam only tests the outside of the visual field and is not as accurate as some of the other visual field tests. (healthline.com)
The tangent screen exam (Goldmann field exam) can be conducted in your eye doctor's office. (healthline.com)
Visual field testing is still sophisticated today and measures your mistakes, retests them, and gives an index telling us how much variation there was in your eye exam. (dp.ua)
If the reliability is too low we repeat the test on another day and almost always find the reliability of the eye exam goes up to acceptable levels. (dp.ua)
Start with a simple Confrontational Visual Field Exam. (wikihow.com)

The name comes from the method of testing the perimeter of the visual field. (wikipedia.org)
We report development and clinical testing of a compact, head-mounted, and eye-tracking perimeter (VirtualEye) that provides a more comfortable test environment than the standard instrumentation. (hindawi.com)
The study appears to validate the concepts of a head-mounted perimeter and the visual grasp mode. (hindawi.com)
During a visual fields test, a perimeter is used, which is an instrument with a bowl-shaped dock that the patient looks into. (calgaryretina.ca)
While looking into the perimeter, a series of lights will flash in the periphery fields. (calgaryretina.ca)
The tests can be done on a dark screen or on a wall using an instrument called a perimeter. (idilbilginod.com)
Having the Optopol perimeter in your practice provides you with a field testing instrument for a reliable and efficient testing process. (essilor.co.uk)
Testing using the Optopol perimeter can be completed in as little as 1 and a half minutes per eye, providing a high level of efficiency for your practice as well as for patient comfort and experience. (essilor.co.uk)
Visual field testing with a perimeter can help to monitor the effects of these conditions on visual capacities. (essilor.co.uk)
The test is performed using an instrument called a perimeter. (blackrockeyecare.com)
To do the test, you sit and look inside a bowl-shaped instrument called a perimeter. (visionsource-shawnee.com)
the methods used to illicit a patient's visual field using Humphrey perimeter. (ophthalmicseminars.com)

Visual field tests are a method an eye doctor (opthalmologist or optometrist) can use to measure how wide an area you can visualize away from a focal point. (verywellhealth.com)
Because the code descriptor specifies "unilateral or bilateral," you would report this code only once whether the optometrist tested one or both eyes. (supercoder.com)
The test can help the optometrist discern peripheral vision lost and blind spots, which are plotted on visual field charts. (supercoder.com)
Your optometrist may ask only for a driving licence visual field test, which takes 5-10 minutes. (natickeyeassociates.com)
The visual field test may be recommended by the optometrist in order to monitor progress and preserve vision. (chanoptometry.com)
Screening test are used by an Optometrist to check for eye diseases and vision problems in a method similar to how your family doctor would do a single blood pressure reading to screen for high blood pressure. (dp.ua)

Elevated pressure inside the eye, cornea thinning, and visual field loss are all markers that glaucoma may progress, according to a report in the May issue of Archives of Ophthalmology. (medicalxpress.com)
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science May 2012, Vol.53, 2770-2776. (arvojournals.org)
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2017, Vol.58, 4704. (arvojournals.org)
Anyone requiring the most basic understanding of Ophthalmology should concentrate on topics (and test questions) highlighted with the ◆ symbol. (ophthalmologytraining.com)

Central and peripheral vision is tested by using visual field tests. (medlineplus.gov)
Vision is tested by presenting different sized pins attached to a black wand, which may be moved, against a black background. (wikipedia.org)
Utilizing this test, vision loss can be detected and often localized to a specific anatomic location. (hindawi.com)
A study to determine whether a patient's range of vision test results improve after their eye pressure is lowered by 30% or more by testing on a new machine called the Accumap and how to learn how much the Accumap's results change from one test to another within the same person. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Could laser eye surgery correct loss of visual field vision? (healthtap.com)
It will not affect your field of vision . (healthtap.com)
Of course, a 44 year old should have a normal field of vision. (healthtap.com)
Can a large eye floater affect peripheral vision in a visual field test. (healthtap.com)
Some peripheral vision loss not in field of vision. (healthtap.com)
Normal field vision test. (healthtap.com)
A VF test measures the extent of a patient's field of vision as the eye fixates straight ahead with standard illumination, Shimanek explains. (supercoder.com)
Visual field testing is a sophisticated, automated computerized vision test that measures both central and peripheral vision/visual function. (mastereyeassociates.com)
Participants: Twenty-four individuals with AION and 20 with normal vision were tested. (elsevier.com)
A visual field test measures how much 'side' vision you have. (natickeyeassociates.com)
In glaucoma testing a visual field test is performed to measure peripheral (side) vision or visual field to determine if there is damage from glaucoma. (glaucomaassociates.com)
Usually it is only with this more advanced stage of glaucoma that one can recognize loss of vision without special tests. (glaucomaassociates.com)
This test is performed to measure peripheral (side) vision or visual field. (glaucomaassociates.com)
With every test, there will be lights that even someone with normal vision will not be able to see. (glaucomaassociates.com)
The purpose of this test is to determine the specific areas where vision loss is occurring. (calgaryretina.ca)
When doctors refer to your field of vision, they are talking about how much you can see around you, including your side vision. (idilbilginod.com)
During this test, lighted targets are moved from beyond your peripheral vision toward the center of your visual field. (idilbilginod.com)
Lighted objects are introduced into the field of vision at different locations and varying intensities. (idilbilginod.com)
Your field of vision will be checked during a routine eye examination. (idilbilginod.com)
A Visual Field Test measures how far up, down, left and right you can see without moving your eyes AND how sensitive your vision is in various parts of the visual field. (center-for-sight.com)
The Visual Field Test is important for finding early signs of diseases like glaucoma that damage vision very gradually. (center-for-sight.com)
Some people with glaucoma do not notice any problems with their vision, but the visual field test shows that peripheral vision is being lost. (center-for-sight.com)
Further, the Visual Field Test examines the parts of the nervous system and brain that allow us to have vision and sight. (center-for-sight.com)
A visual field test measures your entire scope of vision, both central and peripheral (side), mapping the visual fields of each eye individually. (sightresearchuk.org)
There are a number of different visual field tests used to measure either your peripheral or central vision. (sightresearchuk.org)
An example of a visual field test for your central vision is the Amsler grid . (sightresearchuk.org)
The visual field refers to the total area in which objects can be seen in the side (peripheral) vision as you focus your eyes on a central point. (medlineplus.gov)
There are people who have only slight anatomical damage but substantial visual field loss, but ultimately, the most important thing when treating glaucoma is to try and preserve useful vision and visual field for the rest of the patient's life. (icoftalmologia.com)
The most common visual field test uses a light spot that is repeatedly presented in different areas of the peripheral vision. (wbvisioncare.com)
Vision is usually best right in the middle of the visual field. (olsonoptical.com)
How sensitive the vision is in different parts of the visual field. (olsonoptical.com)
The visual field test can help Dr. Boyle find early signs of diseases like glaucoma that damage vision gradually. (olsonoptical.com)
Visual Field testing is one way to measure your central or peripheral (side) vision. (specialtyretina.com)
A visual field test is a method of measuring an individual's central and peripheral (side) vision. (visionsource-shawnee.com)
A computer records the spot and at the end of the test, a printout shows if there are areas of your vision where you did not see the flashes of light. (visionsource-shawnee.com)
The visual field is the entire area (field of vision) that can be seen when the eyes are focused on a single point. (healthline.com)
Vision is typically the sharpest in the middle of the visual field. (healthline.com)
Visual field testing helps your doctor to determine where your side vision (peripheral vision) begins and ends and how well you can see objects in your peripheral vision. (healthline.com)
Your doctor can then use this information to help diagnose problems or order more vision tests. (healthline.com)
Visual field problems have a number of causes, including disorders that don't originate in the eye, but in the central nervous system or the part of the brain that deals with vision. (healthline.com)
If an eye problem is not indicated as the cause of vision problems, your doctor may send you for a physical examination and blood tests. (healthline.com)
Visual field testing are diagnostic tests used to measure the entire scope of vision, which includes the central and peripheral (side) vision. (coastwideeyesurgery.com.au)
The examination helps to determine the loss of vision in the visual field. (coastwideeyesurgery.com.au)
The examiner stands at a distance of 3 to 4 feet and moves his/her hand towards and away from your field of vision. (coastwideeyesurgery.com.au)
Your examiner uses this information to create a map of your field of vision. (coastwideeyesurgery.com.au)
The test maps out one's scope (or field) of vision and usually takes about 5-15 minutes per eye. (philippineglaucomasociety.com)
It tests each eye's central vision (what one sees looking straight ahead looking at a target) and peripheral (side) vision (the rest of what one sees at the sides when looking at a target) which is usually affected first by glaucoma. (philippineglaucomasociety.com)
Each eye is tested separately since the visual fields of both eyes overlap centrally so blind spots in one eye may not be noticed by the patient since the other eye's vision could compensate for this. (philippineglaucomasociety.com)
Annual visual field testing is generally covered by vision insurance and may be covered at least twice per year for those who've been diagnosed with glaucoma. (verywellhealth.com)
Visual pathways carry information from the eye to the visual part of the brain, where information is processed into vision. (verywellhealth.com)
The methods for evaluating a person's visual field range from simple screening tests that can be performed in a few minutes during a regular vision check-up to more complicated and comprehensive computerized tests. (verywellhealth.com)
Since the hill of vision shrinks with age, a threshold test will compare your results to an age matched population sample without glaucoma and other eye diseases. (dp.ua)
The vision test is standardized for eyes that are dilated so you will need to plan on 30 to 60 minutes in the office even though the visual testing itself is fairly brief. (dp.ua)
Also called side vision, one people's full horizontal and vertical vision range can be determined by a visual field test, which also detects potential blind spots in the visual field. (articlealley.com)
Testing your visual field lets your doctor know if peripheral vision is being lost. (glaucomafoundation.org)
At the end of this test, your doctor will receive a printout of your field of vision. (glaucomafoundation.org)
Symptoms include, but are not limited to, an onset of blurry eyesight, a dimming of colors, straight lines appearing wavy, and blind spots in one's central field of vision. (healthcentral.com)
Named for the Swiss ophthalmologist who devised it, the Amsler grid has been a standard test for AMD and other central-vision ailments since the 1940s. (healthcentral.com)
Glaucoma affects peripheral (or side) vision, narrowing the field of view. (zeiss.com)
Visual impairment is a term experts use to describe any kind of vision loss, whether it's someone who cannot see at all or someone who has partial vision loss. (kidshealth.org)
A visual field establishes how good your peripheral vision (PV) is. (healthpoint.co.nz)
Visual field loss is a loss of part of the field of vision which may occur centrally or peripherally. (hindawi.com)
Gulden Ophthalmics carries a large variety of Trial Lenses, Lens Flippers and frames designed to make vision testing easy. (guldenophthalmics.com)
You can test your peripheral vision at home just for fun, but you need to have an eye doctor conduct tests if you notice any problems with your peripheral vision. (wikihow.com)
For this peripheral vision test, your eye doctor will sit right across from you and ask you to cover one eye. (wikihow.com)
If your eye doctor wants to further test your peripheral vision, they may ask you to place your chin on a chin-rest and stare straight into a cone- or dome-shaped contraption. (wikihow.com)
Pretending to see things that you don't probably won't help you "do better" on the test, and may just mask vision issues that need to be addressed. (wikihow.com)
People with RP also slowly lose peripheral (side) vision and visual sharpness. (drugs.com)
Visual field testing helps measure your side vision and find any blind spots that may be developing. (aao.org)
Other evidence proposed by researchers that is consistent with this is that, when participants are put on their sides to view the rod and frame task, they rely on their vision when their vestibular and proprioceptive senses are incongruent with those of their visual senses. (wikipedia.org)

Read on as we walk you through the specifics of coding the most common diagnostic tests for optometry offices. (supercoder.com)
In refraction, the examiner "determines the prescription required for the eyeglasses or contact lenses by evaluating the effectiveness of a series of lenses through which the patient is asked to view a series of charts," says Becky Shimanek, CPC , coding manager for Aviacode, who led a seminar on "Ophthalmic Diagnostic Tests" at the recent CodingCon 2015 conference. (supercoder.com)
If the condition is suspected, diagnostic tests are prescribed. (news-medical.net)
Documentation of diagnostic tests, and the medical rationale for them, is key to reimbursement so we describe the required elements in detail. (corcoranccg.com)
The ophthalmologist may do a number of diagnostic tests. (drugs.com)

To report the performance of glaucoma mass screening with only a visual field test utilizing frequency- doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in general populations. (nih.gov)
Frequency-doubling technology-based screening with only a visual field test showed reasonable performance on mass screening for detection of definitive glaucoma in this study population, considering the glaucoma prevalence. (nih.gov)
Screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy is dependent on ancillary testing as the clinical examination is insensitive and nonspecific for retinopathy. (dovepress.com)
Conclusions: The present study resulted in a screening grid consisting of 26 locations predominantly testing nasal, superior and inferior areas of the visual field. (eur.nl)
Many of these tests also have a screening option which is a less detailed field test. (mastereyeassociates.com)
The screening is useful to discover a problem, but once a person is diagnosed as having glaucoma only the threshold test should be performed. (mastereyeassociates.com)
The office also offer a visual field screening with a Humphrey FDT machine. (wbvisioncare.com)
Your visual field test will be either a screening test or a threshold test. (dp.ua)
Diabetic retinopathy screening is essential for early detection and treatment of diabetes-related visual impairment and blindness. (visionaware.org)
There is a screening tool and a full test. (healthpoint.co.nz)

failed verification] It is the systematic measurement of differential light sensitivity in the visual field by the detection of the presence of test targets on a defined background. (wikipedia.org)
The coefficient of determination (r2) for the correlation between visual sensitivity and the GCL+IPL thickness was calculated for each test at eccentricities 0 to 5 degrees, 5 to 7 degrees, and 7 to 10 degrees using linear and quadratic regressions. (ovid.com)
To identify areas within the visual field with matching contrast sensitivity (CS) signature patterns as a function of age using pattern recognition and determine the discrimination of CS data when using spatially equated test stimuli compared to the single size Goldmann (G)III alone. (utah.edu)
When using spatially equated visual field testing, concentric areas were separated into distinct CS signatures consistent with known visual field sensitivity. (utah.edu)
Conclusions: The Caspar's Castle system of assessing visual fields using novel game-based strategies demonstrates encouraging levels of sensitivity, specificity, and reliability. (manchester.ac.uk)
Visual Field Analysis in Sensitivity and Response Time. (eyesage.org)
Output measures included number of presentations and visual sensitivity estimates. (arvojournals.org)
There was no significant difference in accuracy or precision of SWeLZ for the different spatial models relative to ZEST, either when collated across whole fields or when split by input sensitivity. (arvojournals.org)
Using the Zippy Estimation by Sequential Testing (ZEST) algorithm engineered for multiple locations has a similar test time to SITA, with improved accuracy and precision of visual sensitivity estimates. (arvojournals.org)
A visual field test measures the eyes sensitivity out into the peripheral parts of the retina. (dp.ua)

The SAP measurements are sensitive to localized and shallow depressions (relative scotomas) in the visual field, such as those seen in glaucoma. (hindawi.com)
This is a common test to evaluate for scotomas and also evaluate any visual field restrictions from eyelid disorders like ptosis (droopy upper eyelid). (verywellhealth.com)
Retinopathy was defined by annular scotomas on 10-2 VF testing with corroborative spectral domain optical coherence tomographic outer retinal changes and multifocal electroretinographic changes leading to cessation of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine. (dovepress.com)
Point scotomas are common and variable in 10-2 VF testing with a red target for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in subjects without retinopathy. (dovepress.com)

Thus the oral glucose tolerance test is a reliable method for confirming a diagnosis of Acromegaly. (news-medical.net)
The report thus obtained gives an idea of the shape of the scotoma which helps in diagnosis and the extent and the depth of field loss which helps us to understand the severity of the disease. (neoretina.com)
diagnosis codes are from ICD-10-CM. Documentation of a diagnostic test, and whether there is medical rationale for it, are key to reimbursement so we describe the required elements in detail. (corcoranccg.com)
The diagnosis of glaucoma cannot be entirely made on visual fields alone. (philippineglaucomasociety.com)

Automated perimetry is a noninvasive technique for evaluating pathology or dysfunction in the visual pathways. (hindawi.com)
visual pathways within the brain. (visionsource-shawnee.com)
1. List the visual pathways. (ophthalmicseminars.com)

If your family doctor was more concerned they would want multiple readings and more refined testing methods, sometimes a cardiac stress test to see how your heart and blood pressure performances under different conditions with a much higher number of data points. (dp.ua)
Automated LED confrontational visual field tester that is cost effective, easy to use, fast, and more accurate than using finger confrontation methods. (guldenophthalmics.com)
The methods of constant stimuli, limits, and adjustment can be used to test the participants, but method of limits is most commonly used in research conducted using the rod and frame task. (wikipedia.org)

It is essential in monitoring glaucoma and it is a useful ancillary test to diagnose, document or treat neurologic or retinal disease. (mastereyeassociates.com)
Visual field loss due to retinal disease could be caused by anemia, blood vessel occlusion, diabetes, hypertension, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration and many more. (mastereyeassociates.com)
Visual fields in retinal disease. (medlineplus.gov)

VirtualEye performs the equivalent of a full threshold 24-2 visual field in two modes: (1) manual, with patient response registered with a mouse click, and (2) visual grasp, where the eye tracker senses change in gaze direction as evidence of target acquisition. (hindawi.com)
The SAP test may be stressful for a patient as it requires maintenance of constant fixation for several minutes and conscious decision making in identification of near-threshold stimuli. (hindawi.com)
Visual field test simulation and error in threshold estimation. (bmj.com)
AIM: To establish, via computer simulation, the effects of patient response variability and staircase starting level upon the accuracy and repeatability of static full threshold visual field tests. (bmj.com)
When results from an earlier full threshold test are used as staircase starting values this error and increased standard deviation largely disappeared. (bmj.com)
52 subjects (classified in decade age groups from 20-60+ years) were tested using the Humphrey Visual Field Analyser 30-2 paradigm in full threshold mode for GI to GV. (utah.edu)
The flashes will vary in brightness and the test will determine the least amount of brightness necessary for the patient to see the flashes at each point otherwise known as the threshold. (mastereyeassociates.com)
There are several different threshold patterns and the doctor will choose the test required based on the patient's condition. (mastereyeassociates.com)
6 - 9 The Full Threshold algorithm was the first SAP procedure and had test times of approximately 9 minutes per eye in normally sighted observers. (arvojournals.org)
automated perimetry, visual field test, threshold test, SITA (slang for Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm) or various other terms. (dp.ua)
Likewise, a threshold visual field test done by your eye doctor is much more detailed testing. (dp.ua)

It is hypothesized that performing VF measurements with a Virtual Reality headset using similar testing strategies as implemented in conventional perimeters, allow for a non-inferior quality in VF acquisitions. (clinicaltrials.gov)

All VF tests performed with a face mask from June 29 to 31 July 2020 (VF test 1) were compared with previous VF tests, performed before the pandemic. (bmj.com)

This type of perimetry is the most commonly used in clinical practice, and in research trials where loss of visual field must be measured. (wikipedia.org)
Many insurance companies are not covering for only loss of visual field . (healthtap.com)
VFs with suspected pseudoprogression due to mask artefacts (VF test 1) were repeated with a surgical mask and an adhesive tape on its superior border (VF test 2) to distinguish from true VF loss. (bmj.com)
This will mainly apply to people with glaucoma and diabetes retinopathy, both of which can cause visual field loss. (iddt.org)
It is particularly useful in detecting early glaucoma field loss. (wbvisioncare.com)
13 , 14 Note that these test times increase for observers with visual field loss. (arvojournals.org)
Beside glaucoma, a visual field test can be used to diagnose pituitary tumors, neurological problems, and unexplained loss of sight and headaches. (dp.ua)
Laser treatment (panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)) is the gold standard treatment for reducing the risk of visual loss. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The MD is a clinical measure for the average loss of visual function calculated from the visual field of a participant. (clinicaltrials.gov)
and a resultant loss of visual field. (encyclopedia.com)
To profile site of stroke/cerebrovascular accident, type and extent of field loss, treatment options, and outcome. (hindawi.com)
Occipital and parietal lobe strokes most commonly caused visual field loss. (hindawi.com)
Stroke survivors with visual field loss require assessment to accurately define type and extent of loss, diagnose coexistent visual impairments, and offer targeted treatment. (hindawi.com)
Visual field loss is reported as occurring in 8-67% [ 2 - 7 ] although some visual field impairment is due to a previous stroke or preexistent ocular pathology [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, following stroke, loss of visual field is more usually peripheral in nature. (hindawi.com)
The most common type of visual field loss is that of homonymous hemianopia in which there is loss of the same half of the visual field in both eyes and which occurs in approximately two-thirds of those with visual field loss [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Visual field loss following stroke has largely been attributed to cortical strokes in which the visual pathway is damaged. (hindawi.com)
We extracted 3 categories of VF features from the baseline tests: (1) VF global indices (mean deviation [MD] and pattern standard deviation), (2) mismatch between baseline VFs, and (3) VF loss patterns (archetypes). (elsevier.com)
However, the disorder and visual loss last a lifetime. (drugs.com)
The visual loss is both progressive and permanent. (drugs.com)

11 Part of the variability stems from the subjective nature of the test, dependent on the cooperation of the patient and on the expertise and consistency of the test operator. (dovepress.com)
However, frequent visual testing may not be appropriate or useful for every patient. (medicalxpress.com)
Monitoring VF status in the patient is done by testing over a period of time. (arvojournals.org)
During this test the doctor will sit about arm's length away from the patient and have the patient cover the eye that is not being tested. (mastereyeassociates.com)
It consists of a hemispheric bowl which is what the patient looks into during the test. (mastereyeassociates.com)
Concentration by the patient is very important during visual fields. (mastereyeassociates.com)
The eye not being tested must be completely covered, eg patient occludes the eye with the palm of the hand. (ophthalmologytraining.com)
Anything less can produce inaccurate test results and hinder your ability to help your patient. (essilor.co.uk)
Most perimetry tests are now automated, making the process much more effective for both yourself and the patient. (essilor.co.uk)
The patient is asked to look at a source of light straight ahead and lights of different intensities are flashed from random points in their visual field. (neoretina.com)
By repeating more visual field tests at regular intervals, we can also tell whether the patient is getting better or worse. (olsonoptical.com)
This is a subjective test that requires cooperation from the patient in order to provide useful information. (chanoptometry.com)
This test is very subjective so results will depend on the patient's alertness, cooperation, and proper instructions from the technician assisting the patient. (philippineglaucomasociety.com)
This test requires a dark room and the patient to be able to concentrate on a screen for approximately 15 minutes per eye. (cairnseye.com)
Detecting central glaucoma early allows you to start monitoring your patient earlier for improved care and on regular visits for visual field testing. (zeiss.com)
Full-field ERG in the oldest patient demonstrated bilaterally distinctly prolonged 30-Hz flicker implicit time, verifying widespread cone photoreceptor degeneration. (nih.gov)

Machine based tests aid diagnostics by allowing a detailed printout of the patient's visual field. (wikipedia.org)
The examiner will then move his hand out of the patient's visual field and then bring it back in. (wikipedia.org)
The computer then automatically maps and calculates the patient's visual field. (wikipedia.org)

Techniques used to perform this test include the confrontation visual field examination (Donders' test). (wikipedia.org)
An example of a visual field examination , in an eye with glaucoma. (glaucomaassociates.com)
Your doctor will discuss the type of visual field examination to be done. (coastwideeyesurgery.com.au)
As you know, it is a legal requirement to conduct an internal and external examination of the patient's eyes whenever you do a sight test. (college-optometrists.org)

The following exams, tests, and procedures are recommended for #AGEGROUPLOWER#. (adam.com)
Most eye exams only test the small central peak of the hill. (dp.ua)
This is a standard test during most eye exams. (wikihow.com)

1 Since the early 1990s, the 10-2 visual field (VF) has been the most commonly used ancillary test. (dovepress.com)

The physiological basis of this test is a decrease in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion by the pituitary because of exogenous glucocorticoid administration. (medscape.com)

Microsoft announced Visual Studio 2019 v16.10 Preview 2, focusing on "developer productivity and convenience" with new features for .NET, Containers, C++, Accessibility and more. (visualstudiomagazine.com)

The Humphrey Visual Field test is the 'gold standard of care' and is useful for the detection of ocular diseases and other neurological problems. (chanoptometry.com)
1 Visual function is typically quantified clinically in glaucoma using automated perimetry, which enables measurement of contrast detection thresholds at various locations across the visual field (most typically the central 24-30 degrees). (arvojournals.org)

A particular type of brain cell--the quasi-visual (QV) neuron--is assumed to play an important role in this updating by combining target coordinates and eye displacement signals. (nih.gov)
The visual field test measure not only the peripheral retina but to some extent the pathway of the eye nerves through the brain. (dp.ua)
There are even adjustments made by the software to factor out the fact that you may have cataracts or other conditions that are not in the retina or visual pathway through the brain. (dp.ua)
Some eye and brain disorders are responsible for these visual field def. (articlealley.com)
This is the back portion of the eye that receives light coming into the eye, and sends that visual information to the brain. (drugs.com)

The recent technological advances in the visual field testing focus mainly on employing novel visual stimuli that are deemed to be more effective in detecting glaucoma [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
For example, a patient's psychophysical status will influence his/her alertness level and reaction to the visual stimuli. (hindawi.com)

A recent report has shown that wearing a face mask while performing a VF test may cause inferior artefacts due to the fog on the trial lens. (bmj.com)
The glaucoma hemifield test compares the superior field to the inferior since glaucoma tends to affect one more than the other. (mastereyeassociates.com)
The average RNFL thickness of the inferior and superior disc sectors was plotted against the average total deviations (linear units) of the corresponding superior and inferior arcuate field regions, and a linear model was fitted. (elsevier.com)
Your visual field is measured in degrees from the central fixation in four quadrants: temporal (toward your ear), nasal (toward your nose), superior (upper, or above center), and inferior (lower, or below center). (verywellhealth.com)

Automated perimetry is used for the assessment of visual function in a variety of ophthalmic and neurologic diseases. (hindawi.com)
Other tests may be done to check for diseases or illnesses that may be causing ptosis. (stlukes-stl.com)

Doctors have access to a whole range of tests that help diagnose and monitor age-related macular degeneration. (healthcentral.com)
In just the past few decades, the variety and sophistication of the ways we test for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have grown tremendously. (healthcentral.com)

Thirty-nine adult participants performed a cognitively demanding test, with and without movement in the far peripheral field. (edu.au)
The visual fields test maps the visual field of each eye individually in order to identify how well objects can be seen in the peripheral field. (calgaryretina.ca)
The flashes are very brief and may be close to the point your eye is fixing on or very far off in the peripheral field of sight. (dp.ua)

Thus to get an accurate idea about abnormal levels of growth hormone secretion the person is subjected to test conditions. (news-medical.net)

Risk of failing visual field criteria to hold a driving licence. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Static perimetry, which is employed in modern standard automated perimetry (SAP) devices, uses light targets of varied luminance at preset locations typically within the central 30 degrees of the visual field (VF) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

pterygium and/or corneal ectasia that cause visual impairment. (supercoder.com)
What Is Visual Impairment? (kidshealth.org)

Simple manual equipment can be used such as in the tangent screen test or the Amsler grid. (wikipedia.org)

Known worldwide for our leading technological advancements, M&S is dedicated to bringing high quality, extremely accurate testing products to eye-care professionals, optometry schools and universities. (prweb.com)
Provide boutique fashion focused eyewear and full optometry services include Myopic control, Ortho-K (OK), Glaucoma & Diabetic eye test, contact lens prescription, fitting & teaching. (visionstudio.com.au)
In the last issue of Optometry Coding & Billing Alert , we gave you a refresher of the general rules and guidelines for ophthalmic tests (see "Part I: Get to the Basics on Diagnostic Test Coding" in Optometry Coding & Billing Alert Vol. 18, No. 2). (supercoder.com)
Eye Doctors & Optometrists at Chan Optometry offers Visual Field Services and other Optometry Services across Markham , Richmond Hill , Vaughan , Stouffville , Aurora , Newmarket , North York , and Scarborough . (chanoptometry.com)

Hasinger, Gerhard and Fliessbach, Andreas (2016) The Spade Test - Visual Soil Assessment in the Field. (orgprints.org)
Within the project FertilCrop, visual soil assessment and other hands-on techniques are compared to analytical soil tests. (orgprints.org)

Your ophthalmologist would not order a field if he doubts the result. (healthtap.com)
If you are tired or ill, you should ask your ophthalmologist if the test should be postponed. (glaucomaassociates.com)
If you do not look around, your ophthalmologist can more accurately determine from the visual field where damage has occurred. (glaucomaassociates.com)
What Does The Visual Field Test Tell Your Ophthalmologist? (glaucomaassociates.com)
When your ophthalmologist looks at the map of your visual field, they are looking for areas that are less sensitive to light than what is found in a healthy eye (Figure 4). (glaucomaassociates.com)

Purpose: To develop a visual field (VF) feature model to predict the reversal of glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) results to within normal limits (WNL) after 2 consecutive outside normal limits (ONL) results. (elsevier.com)

The picture below is a visual field printout representing a normal visual field. (mastereyeassociates.com)

The new MRF Visual Field Tablet is meticulously designed and calibrated to deliver consistent results. (prweb.com)
Point-by-point comparison between the results obtained with the different modalities indicates: (1) minimal systematic differences between measurements taken in visual grasp and manual modes, (2) the average standard deviation of the difference distributions of about 5 dB, and (3) a systematic shift (of 4-6 dB) to lower sensitivities for VirtualEye device, observed mostly in high dB range. (hindawi.com)
Does Lowering Eye Pressure Affect the Results Obtained From Objective Visual Field Testing? (clinicaltrials.gov)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitable visual field (VF) test conditions (target size, test type, and eccentricity) for the macular region, we investigated the correlations between the ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness and 6 VF test results. (ovid.com)
VFs can exhibit extensive measurement error and it is widely accepted that clinical management decisions made on results from one or two tests will as a rule be unsound. (arvojournals.org)
Although the results for movement effects on cognitive load in this experiment were not statistically significant, men spent less time on the cognitive test in the peripheral movement condition than in the conditions without peripheral movement. (edu.au)
The DVLA banned over 600 motorists from driving following tests carried out by government appointed optometrists, but the DVLA now admits that the test results were false. (iddt.org)
Results obtained from the test are compared to what is known about visual field tests in normal eyes. (glaucomaassociates.com)
There are well-known patterns in the test results that help us recognize certain types of injury or disease. (center-for-sight.com)
This includes automated eye tracking, which can analyse pupil movement for increased reliability of test results. (essilor.co.uk)
What's more, the machine offers blink control whereby the test is put on hold to ensure normal blinking does not affect visual performance or the results. (essilor.co.uk)
There are well-known patterns in the test results that help Dr. Boyle recognize certain types of injury or disease. (olsonoptical.com)
Using the results of these tests, your doctor will be able to determine if you are having trouble seeing in certain areas of your visual field, as well as possible causes for these difficulties. (healthline.com)
Your eye doctor may have you repeat the test or have additional testing depending on the results. (verywellhealth.com)
The results of this test are largely dependent on the test taker. (verywellhealth.com)
At the end of the lecture optometrists will have a better understanding of testing and interpreting visual field results. (slideshare.net)

Alteration of a fixation or peripheral stimulus displayed on a computer-driven display allows a human subject to maintain extended visual fixation upon the resulting dynamic stimulus. (google.com.au)
The fixation is presented upon the display and the stimulus is altered to allow resensitization of the subject's retina, thereby allowing prolonged visual fixation upon the resulting dynamic target. (google.com.au)
Visual field test result normal - 3/14 fixation error. (healthtap.com)
The fixation losses are related to the reliability of the test. (healthtap.com)
SAP requires observers to maintain fixation whilst attending to small dim lights for the duration of the test. (arvojournals.org)

Participants had a baseline visual field AGIS score of 16 or less, at least three years of follow-up and at least 10 visual field examinations with a reliability score of two or less. (medicalxpress.com)

Kinetic perimetry maps the visual field by using moving targets of varying size and brightness. (hindawi.com)

Prior to 2013, the DVLA had a list of 'approved optometrists' for people to attend but since 2013, everyone who is required to have a field test by the DVLA has to go to a branch of Specsavers, dissatisfaction already discussed in IDDT Newsletters. (iddt.org)
Does the DVLA know who was tested on the faulty equipment between 2010 and 2013 when a variety of optometrists were used? (iddt.org)
During an eye test optometrists routinely examine the internal and external structures of your eye. (healthpoint.co.nz)
During an eye test optometrists routinely take a photograph of the back of each of your eyes. (healthpoint.co.nz)

Static white-on-white automated perimetry (SAP) is the most common form of clinical perimetry and has been used as a measure of visual function in a number of large clinical trials. (arvojournals.org)

This machine use varying intensities of a flickering image to analyze the visual field. (wbvisioncare.com)
During this test, lights of different colors and intensities are flashed into your eye as you peer into a large reflective globe. (drugs.com)

Health care professionals often use the oral glucose tolerance test to diagnose Acromegaly. (news-medical.net)
The location of these areas can help your doctor diagnose the cause of the visual field problems. (healthline.com)
Your doctor may order further eye tests to diagnose a problem. (healthline.com)

The pattern standard deviation reports localized field depressions ignoring any overall depressions. (mastereyeassociates.com)

For a confrontation visual field test , the doctor or technician sits facing the person being tested at eye level. (verywellhealth.com)

UnitedHealthCare does not cover corneal topography for routine follow-up testing. (supercoder.com)

Anatomy19

Organisms4

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology39

Phenomena and Processes28

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Test-retest variability of frequency-doubling perimetry and conventional perimetry in glaucoma patients and normal subjects. (1/1026)

Between-algorithm, between-individual differences in normal perimetric sensitivity: full threshold, FASTPAC, and SITA. Swedish Interactive Threshold algorithm. (2/1026)

Looking behind a pathological blind spot in human retina. (3/1026)

Does visual sensitivity improve between 5 and 8 years? A study of automated visual field examination. (4/1026)

Models for the description of angioscotomas. (5/1026)

Angioscotoma detection with fundus-oriented perimetry. A study with dark and bright stimuli of different sizes. (6/1026)

Preperimetric glaucoma diagnosis by confocal scanning laser tomography of the optic disc. (7/1026)

Measurement of retinal nerve fibre layer by scanning laser polarimetry and high pass resolution perimetry in normal tension glaucoma with relatively high or low intraocular pressure. (8/1026)

Visual Field Tests

Visual Fields

Scotoma

Vision Disorders

Vision Tests

Telescopes

Glaucoma

Hemianopsia

Visual Acuity

Glaucoma, Open-Angle

Ocular Hypertension

Optic Nerve Diseases

Visual Cortex

Visual Perception

Evoked Potentials, Visual

Intraocular Pressure

Sensory Thresholds

Visual Pathways

Reproducibility of Results

Photic Stimulation

Exploratory Behavior

Pattern Recognition, Visual

Behavior, Animal

Vision, Ocular

Optic Disk

Contrast Sensitivity

Motor Activity

Maze Learning

Racquet Sports

Fixation, Ocular

Vision, Binocular

Motion Perception

Attention

Eye Movements

Space Perception

Optic Chiasm

Vigabatrin

Retina

Psychophysics

Electroretinography

Reaction Time

Brain Mapping

Retinal Ganglion Cells

Blindness

Anxiety

Tomography, Optical Coherence

Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological

Sensitivity and Specificity

Vision, Monocular

Fovea Centralis

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Avoidance Learning

Molluscacides

Swimming

Functional Laterality

Nerve Fibers

Analysis of Variance

Electromagnetic Fields

Vision, Low

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic

Saccades

Time Factors

Psychomotor Performance

Anti-Anxiety Agents

Ophthalmoscopy

Discrimination (Psychology)

Tonometry, Ocular

Anaerobic Threshold

Ocular Physiological Phenomena

Perceptual Disorders

Low Tension Glaucoma

Retinal Diseases

Form Perception

Occipital Lobe

Cues

Pupil

Eyeglasses

Fundus Oculi

Superior Colliculi