Viscosity
Blood Viscosity
Rheology
Methylcellulose
Hematocrit
Erythrocyte Aggregation
Erythrocyte Deformability
Hemorheology
Hemodilution
Solutions
Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood
Stress, Mechanical
Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
Diffusion
Gels
Dextrans
Galactans
Suspensions
Temperature
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Water
Fibrinogen
Hydrodynamics
Emulsions
Solvents
Polymers
Plasma Substitutes
Mathematics
Erythrocytes
Technology, Pharmaceutical
Shear Strength
Psyllium
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Physicochemical Phenomena
Silicone Oils
Surface Tension
Chemistry, Physical
Physical Phenomena
Pharmaceutical Solutions
Isoxsuprine
Models, Biological
Povidone
Mineral Oil
Friction
Glycerol
Drug Compounding
Properties of non-polymerizable tropomyosin obtained by carboxypeptidase A digestion. (1/2691)
Tropomyosin digested with carboxypeptidase A [EC 3.4.12.2] (CTM) shows a lower viscosity than the undigested protein in solution. From the relation between the viscosity decrease and the amount of amino acids liberated from the carboxyl terminus during this digestion, it is inferred that loss of the tri-peptide-Thr-Ser-Ile from the C-terminus is responsible for the decrease in viscosity. The secondary structure of -TM was not affected by the digestion according to circular dichroic measurements. The viscosity of CTM did not increase in methanol-water mixtures, whereas that of tropomyosin increased markedly. These results indicate that polymerizability was lost upon the removal of a small peptide from the C-terminus without change in the secondary structure. A decrease in the viscosity of tropomyosin solutions was observed on the addition of CTM, indicating that CTM interacts with intact tropomyosin. The dependence of the viscosity decrease on the amount of CTM showed that CTM binds tropomyosin in a one-to-one ratio as a result of end-to-end interaction. Since paracrystals having a 400 A repeated band structure could be grown in the presence of Mg ions at neutral pH, side-by-side interactions in CTM molecules remain intact, even though polymerizability is lost. The disc gel electrophoretic pattern showed that troponin could bind to CTM, but no increase in viscosity due to the complex was observed in solution. That is, the C-terminal part of tropomyosin is not required for the formation of the complex. The amount of CTM bound to F-actin was less than half of that bound to undigested tropomyosin, and could be reduced to one-tenth by a washing procedure. In the presence of troponin, however, the amount recovered to the level of tropomyosin normally bound to F-actin. Therefore, it is concluded that troponin is bound in the middle of the tropomyosin molecule and strengthens the binding of tropomyosin to F-actin. (+info)Association and dissociation kinetics of bobwhite quail lysozyme with monoclonal antibody HyHEL-5. (2/2691)
The anti-hen egg lysozyme monoclonal antibody HyHEL-5 and its complexes with various species-variant and mutant lysozymes have been the subject of considerable experimental and theoretical investigation. The affinity of HyHEL-5 for bobwhite quail lysozyme (BWQL) is over 1000-fold lower than its affinity for the original antigen, hen egg lysozyme (HEL). This difference is believed to arise almost entirely from the replacement in BWQL of the structural and energetic epitope residue Arg68 by lysine. In this study, the association and dissociation kinetics of BWQL with HyHEL-5 were investigated under a variety of conditions and compared with previous results for HEL. HyHEL-5-BWQL association follows a bimolecular mechanism and the dissociation of the antibody-antigen complex is a first-order process. Changes in ionic strength (from 27 to 500 mM) and pH (from 6.0 to 10.0) produced about a 2-fold change in the association and dissociation rates. The effect of viscosity modifiers on the association reaction was also studied. The large difference in the HEL and BWQL affinities for HyHEL-5 is essentially due to differences in the dissociation rate constant. (+info)Altered crossbridge kinetics in the alphaMHC403/+ mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (3/2691)
A mutation in the cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain, Arg403Gln (R403Q), causes a severe form of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) in humans. We used small-amplitude (0.25%) length-perturbation analysis to examine the mechanical properties of skinned left ventricular papillary muscle strips from mouse hearts bearing the R403Q mutation in the alpha-myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC403/+). Myofibrillar disarray with variable penetrance occurred in the left ventricular free wall of the alphaMHC403/+ hearts. In resting strips (pCa 8), dynamic stiffness was approximately 40% greater than in wild-type strips, consistent with elevated diastolic stiffness reported for murine hearts with FHC. At pCa 6 (submaximal activation), strip isometric tension was approximately 3 times higher than for wild-type strips, whereas at pCa 5 (maximal activation), tension was marginally lower. At submaximal calcium activation the characteristic frequencies of the work-producing (b) and work-absorbing (c) steps of the crossbridge were less in alphaMHC403/+ strips than in wild-type strips (b=11+/-1 versus 15+/-1 Hz; c= 58+/-3 versus 66+/-3 Hz; 27 degrees C). At maximal calcium activation, strip oscillatory power was reduced (0. 53+/-0.25 versus 1.03+/-0.18 mW/mm3; 27 degrees C), which is partly attributable to the reduced frequency b, at which crossbridge work is maximum. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the R403Q mutation reduces the strong binding affinity of myosin for actin. Myosin heads may accumulate in a preforce state that promotes cooperative activation of the thin filament at submaximal calcium but blunts maximal tension and oscillatory power output at maximal calcium. The calcium-dependent effect of the mutation (whether facilitating or debilitating), together with a variable degree of fibrosis and myofibrillar disorder, may contribute to the diversity of clinical symptoms observed in murine FHC. (+info)Acinar flow irreversibility caused by perturbations in reversible alveolar wall motion. (4/2691)
Mixing associated with "stretch-and-fold" convective flow patterns has recently been demonstrated to play a potentially important role in aerosol transport and deposition deep in the lung (J. P. Butler and A. Tsuda. J. Appl. Physiol. 83: 800-809, 1997), but the origin of this potent mechanism is not well characterized. In this study we hypothesized that even a small degree of asynchrony in otherwise reversible alveolar wall motion is sufficient to cause flow irreversibility and stretch-and-fold convective mixing. We tested this hypothesis using a large-scale acinar model consisting of a T-shaped junction of three short, straight, square ducts. The model was filled with silicone oil, and alveolar wall motion was simulated by pistons in two of the ducts. The pistons were driven to generate a low-Reynolds-number cyclic flow with a small amount of asynchrony in boundary motion adjusted to match the degree of geometric (as distinguished from pressure-volume) hysteresis found in rabbit lungs (H. Miki, J. P. Butler, R. A. Rogers, and J. Lehr. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 1630-1636, 1993). Tracer dye was introduced into the system, and its motion was monitored. The results showed that even a slight asynchrony in boundary motion leads to flow irreversibility with complicated swirling tracer patterns. Importantly, the kinematic irreversibility resulted in stretching of the tracer with narrowing of the separation between adjacent tracer lines, and when the cycle-by-cycle narrowing of lateral distance reached the slowly growing diffusion distance of the tracer, mixing abruptly took place. This coupling of evolving convective flow patterns with diffusion is the essence of the stretch-and-fold mechanism. We conclude that even a small degree of boundary asynchrony can give rise to stretch-and-fold convective mixing, thereby leading to transport and deposition of fine and ultrafine aerosol particles deep in the lung. (+info)A three-month repeated oral administration study of a low viscosity grade of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in rats. (5/2691)
The toxicity of the lowest viscosity grade of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) that is currently commercially available was investigated by means of a three-month repeated oral administration study in male and female Crj:CD (SD) IGS rats at doses of 505, 1,020 and 2,100 mg/kg/day. Body weights of males and females in the 2,100 mg/kg group were lower than those of the control group on and after day 28 of administration, but the differences were not statistically significant. The degree of suppression of body weight gain in males was higher than that in females. This tendency was similar to the results in other toxicity studies of HPMC that have been reported. Males in the 2,100 mg/kg group showed a tendency (not significant) for decreased food consumption and urine volume. Examinations of general signs, hematology, blood chemistry, ophthalmology, absolute and relative organ weights, autopsy and histopathology revealed only a few, apparently coincidental, statistically significant differences from the control, and no evidence of any dose-dependent changes was found. It was concluded that the lowest viscosity grade of HPMC showed extremely low toxicity under the conditions of this study, as has been found for higher viscosity grades. (+info)Single-polymer dynamics in steady shear flow. (6/2691)
The conformational dynamics of individual, flexible polymers in steady shear flow were directly observed by the use of video fluorescence microscopy. The probability distribution for the molecular extension was determined as a function of shear rate, gamma;, for two different polymer relaxation times, tau. In contrast to the behavior in pure elongational flow, the average polymer extension in shear flow does not display a sharp coil-stretch transition. Large, aperiodic temporal fluctuations were observed, consistent with end-over-end tumbling of the molecule. The rate of these fluctuations (relative to the relaxation rate) increased as the Weissenberg number, gamma;tau, was increased. (+info)Thiol oxidation of actin produces dimers that enhance the elasticity of the F-actin network. (7/2691)
Slow oxidation of sulfhydryls, forming covalently linked actin dimers and higher oligomers, accounts for increases in the shear elasticity of purified actin observed after aging. Disulfide-bonded actin dimers are incorporated into F-actin during polymerization and generate cross-links between actin filaments. The large gel strength of oxidized actin (>100 Pa for 1 mg/ml) in the absence of cross-linking proteins falls to within the theoretically predicted order of magnitude for uncross-linked actin filament networks (1 Pa) with the addition of sufficient concentrations of reducing agents such as 5 mM dithiothreitol or 10 mM beta-mercaptoethanol. As little as 1 gelsolin/1000 actin subunits also lowers the high storage modulus of oxidized actin. The effects of gelsolin may be both to increase filament number as it severs F-actin and to cover the barbed end of an actin filament, which otherwise might cross-link to the side of another filament via an actin dimer. These new findings may explain why previous studies of actin rheology report a wide range of values when purified actin is polymerized without added regulatory proteins. (+info)Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase is partially diffusion-controlled. (8/2691)
The effect of viscosogens on the enzyme-catalyzed rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate has been studied. The steady-state parameters kcat and kcat/Km for the monofunctional chorismate mutase from Bacillus subtilis (BsCM) decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of glycerol, whereas the 'sluggish' BsCM mutants C75A and C75S were insensitive to changes in microviscosity. The latter results rule out extraneous interactions of the viscosogen as an explanation for the effects observed with the wild-type enzyme. Additional control experiments show that neither viscosogen-induced shifts in the pH-dependence of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction nor small perturbations of the conformational equilibrium of chorismate can account for the observed effects. Instead, BsCM appears to be limited by substrate binding and product release at low and high substrate concentrations, respectively. Analysis of the kinetic data indicates that diffusive transition states are between 30 and 40% rate-determining in these concentration regimes; the chemical step must contribute to the remaining kinetic barrier. The relatively low value of the 'on' rates for chorismate and prephenate (approximately 2 x 106 m-1.s-1) probably reflects the need for a rare conformation of the enzyme, the ligand, or both for successful binding. Interestingly, the chorismate mutase domain of the bifunctional chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase from Escherichia coli, which has steady-state kinetic parameters comparable to those of BsCM but has a much less accessible active site, is insensitive to changes in viscosity and the reaction it catalyses is not diffusion-controlled. (+info)The disease is named after the Swedish physician Jan G. Waldenström, who first described it in 1944. It is also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma or IgM multoculullarity.
The exact cause of Waldenström macroglobulinemia is not known, but it is believed to be linked to genetic mutations that occur in the plasma cells. The condition usually affects older adults and is more common in males than females.
Symptoms of Waldenström macroglobulinemia can include:
* Fatigue
* Weight loss
* Enlargement of the liver and spleen
* Swelling in the legs, ankles, and hands
* Pain in the bones or joints
* Increased risk of infections
* Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet
The diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinemia is based on a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies. Treatment options include chemotherapy, immunomodulatory drugs, and stem cell transplantation. The prognosis for the disease varies depending on the severity of the symptoms and the response to treatment.
Overall, Waldenström macroglobulinemia is a rare and complex condition that requires careful management by a team of healthcare professionals. With appropriate treatment, many patients with this condition can experience long-term remission and improved quality of life.
Viscosity
Rotational viscosity
Viscosity solution
Viscosity (disambiguation)
Inherent viscosity
Relative viscosity
Viscosity index
Extensional viscosity
Viscosity (programming)
Viscosity printing
Volume viscosity
Intrinsic viscosity
Reduced viscosity
Apparent viscosity
High viscosity mixer
Saybolt universal viscosity
Time-dependent viscosity
Fuel viscosity control
Ford viscosity cup
Constant viscosity elastic fluid
Temperature dependence of viscosity
Viscosity models for mixtures
List of viscosities
Hemorheology
Ethylene glycol
Hyperviscosity syndrome
Dilatant
Streaming instability
Zahn cup
Cooling bath
r10 Viscosity Index
Influence of the Effective Viscosity on Bearing Performance
Measuring Viscosity - Activity - TeachEngineering
Cole-Parmer NIST-Traceable Viscosity Standard, N15000; 500 mL from Cole-Parmer
Clear Low Viscosity Blush-free marine epoxy hardener
Nominal viscosity in power law - Material engineering general discussion - Eng-Tips
BYK-1165 - Dispersing additive and viscosity depressant
reference request - Equivalence of viscosity and weak solutions for the Poisson equation - MathOverflow
The Oil Report - Viscosity: Going Down! | Blackstone Laboratories
Viscosity OpenVPN OS X Local Root ≈ Packet Storm
Automatic Transmission Fluid High Viscosity - Wynns USA
QCD shear viscosity at (almost) NLO
-
TUprints
Medical-Grade Adhesives in Multiple Viscosities - Dymax
Viscosity
Parlin Viscosity Cup #3 | Parlin Viscosity Cups | Viscosity Cups | Viscometers | Products | PNG Gardco
1504.07624] Comment on 'Accelerating cosmological expansion from shear and bulk
viscosity'
INFLUENCE OF AGGREGATE VOLUME CONCENTRATION UPON THE WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE AND SOME PREDICTIONS FROM THE VISCOSITY-ELASTICITY...
Ok to run 3 different viscosities over 12 months? | Bob Is The Oil Guy
"Sheared Active Fluids: Thickening, Thinning and Vanishing Viscosity" by Luca Giomi, Tanniemola B. Liverpool et al.
Viscosity<...
Viscosity Standards
1 pound per inch-hour in 22 units of dynamic viscosity
MECHANICS 8: VISCOSITY
Viscosity DNS - SparkLabs Forum
Turbulent viscosity contour problems
Food Grade by Viscosity
Pharmaceuticals | Industry Viscosity | Hydramotion
Fluid8
- Measure the viscosity of a fluid. (teachengineering.org)
- Describe a fluid as having "high" or "low" viscosity. (teachengineering.org)
- Wynn's ® High Viscosity Automatic Transmission Fluid is a Full Synthetic, Multi-Vehicle formulation that meets Dexron® III, Mercon® and Mercon® V specifications. (wynnsusa.com)
- 114 091301 (2105)] the cause of the acceleration of the present Universe has been identified with the shear viscosity of an imperfect relativistic fluid even in the absence of any bulk viscous contribution. (arxiv.org)
- The approach used predicts that changes in aggregate volume concentration give rise to large changes in fluid viscosity, yield value and plastic viscosity. (trb.org)
- In the absence viscosity, a cylinder moving through the air would demonstrate a symmetrical pressure distribution that would not cause drag--viscosity ensures that all shapes moving relative to a fluid produce drag. (wastedspark.com)
- Such behavior is termed viscosity and stems from the transfer of molecular momentum among flow patterns with different fluid velocities. (wastedspark.com)
- Whether it is small samples, reaction vessels, or large volume processing, the Hydramotion viscometer measures viscosity at the heart of the fluid as the reaction progresses. (hydramotion.com)
Kinematic3
- Calibrate kinematic and Saybolt viscosity equipment, both automatic and manual. (coleparmer.com)
- A table on each bottle shows the approximate values for kinematic and Saybolt viscosity. (coleparmer.com)
- Certified values are provided for kinematic viscosity, dynamic viscosity and density, together with uncertanties of measurement. (psl-rheotek.com)
Formulation2
- In ANSYS/FLOTRAN, the nominal viscosity shall be specified in this formulation. (eng-tips.com)
- Release studies demonstrated that the formulation produced with PLGA of higher viscosity revealed a slower drug release rate. (bvsalud.org)
Viscous2
- This form of Bernoulli's Theorem neglects the very important fact that air has viscosity (cold air being less viscous). (wastedspark.com)
- When the coal tar pitch is refined into 12 different viscosities, or thicknesses, RT-12 is the most viscous. (cdc.gov)
20181
- Hack, HRGK 2018, Viscosity . (utwente.nl)
Viscometers1
- PSL Viscosity Reference Standards are suitable for the verification and calibration of glass capillary viscometers, flow cups, rotational viscometers & Cone and Plate viscometers. (psl-rheotek.com)
Shear2
- The gist of this comment is that the shear viscosity, if anything, can only lead to an accelerated expansion over sufficiently small scales well inside the Hubble radius. (arxiv.org)
- In the presence of an external shear we find an extremely rich variety of phenomena, including an effective reduction (increase) in the apparent viscosity depending on the nature of the active stresses and the flow-alignment property of the particles, as well as more exotic behaviors such as a non-monotonic stress/strain-rate relation and yield stress for large activities. (syr.edu)
Boundary1
- The boundary layer and its behavior is controlled by its viscosity. (wastedspark.com)
Fluids3
- Students calculate the viscosity of various household fluids by measuring the amount of time it takes marble or steel balls to fall given distances through the liquids. (teachengineering.org)
- Through fluids of different viscosities, balls fall at different speeds. (teachengineering.org)
- Sheared Active Fluids: Thickening, Thinning and Vanishing Viscosity" by Luca Giomi, Tanniemola B. Liverpool et al. (syr.edu)
Nominal3
- In my understanding the nominal viscosity should be 1.0 or less. (eng-tips.com)
- Anyone who use ANSYS/FLOTRAN, please advise me about the meaning of nominal viscosity. (eng-tips.com)
- Viscosity values listed in the tables represent nominal values. (psl-rheotek.com)
Density1
- media density and viscosity and particle size, shape, charge and element of all tiered approaches for toxicity assessment of density, for example. (cdc.gov)
Measurement2
- Calibrations performed include the measurement of Viscosity Reference Standards in the temperature range -40 to 135 deg. (psl-rheotek.com)
- Our products shape modern viscosity measurement. (hydramotion.com)
Cylinder1
- Then mount the viscosity cup in in a suitable clamp holder for this purpose and place the receiving cylinder in position so that the distance from the Parlin cup base is 8" above the base of a low form graduate. (gardco.com)
Resistance2
- Results The statistical data analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences as regards resistance to torsion of rotary instruments, with changes in level of viscosity of the substance that helps instrumentation. (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusion Viscosity level of the chemical substance used during root canal preparation does not interfere in resistance to torsion of rotary instruments up to 12 consecutive times of use. (bvsalud.org)
Temperature2
- Bring the sample to be tested and the Gardco/Parlin viscosity cup to a temperature of 23 ±0.5C (73.4 ±0.9F) (preferably in a constant-temperature room). (gardco.com)
- Another effect to be considered is that of viscosity, which results from the interaction and grouping of the molecules according to their thermal agitation 2 , which depends on the temperature of the water, turning into a factor that makes displacement in the medium easier or more difficult 6 . (bvsalud.org)
Standard3
- The ideas in the paper are standard tools in viscosity solution theory (inf and sup convolutions). (mathoverflow.net)
- An adhesive might have a standard base viscosity of 500 cP but also be available in a T (thick) grade with a viscosity of approximately 5,000 cP, a VT (very thick) grade with a viscosity of approximately 12,500 cP, and a gel grade with a viscosity of approximately 25,000 cP. (dymax.com)
- Note in the case of the high viscosity range #4, formation of air bubbles in the viscosity standard after just one test run makes repeat runs inaccurate unless done at another time. (gardco.com)
Grade3
- Q: "We currently use one of your medical-grade adhesives with a viscosity of 500 cP. (dymax.com)
- BlueSky's food grade oils and lubricants are listed here by viscosity to help you easily find a BlueSky product to suit your needs. (blueskylubricants.com)
- Viscosity is graded by International Standards Organization Viscosity Grade (ISO VG), the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), and the American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA). (blueskylubricants.com)
Products2
- We offer a comprehensive line of products with a wide viscosity range. (blueskylubricants.com)
- Select your viscosity to see the range of products that BlueSky offers. (blueskylubricants.com)
Results4
- It is shown indirectly by using the viscosity-elasticity analogy that the resulting equations are in good agreement with experimental results on concrete. (trb.org)
- Unsure about your viscosity results? (psl-rheotek.com)
- In this work , a PLGA of low viscosity has been tested and the results obtained were compared with those previously reported by Vega et al. (bvsalud.org)
- The results revealed long-term physicochemical stability suitability for ophthalmic use, being independent from the polymer viscosity . (bvsalud.org)
Blood1
- Group 5: Pulmonary hypertension caused by other diseases or conditions, including sarcoidosis, polycythemia vera (which can lead to increased blood viscosity and, subsequently, pulmonary hypertension), vasculitis, and other disorders. (medscape.com)
Range2
- The Parlin Viscosity Cup has a range of 1 - 4 (7-15000 cs). (gardco.com)
- Test aerosols included MWFs and simple organic liquid s to provide a range of densities, viscosities, and surface tensions. (cdc.gov)
Material2
- The thixotropic adhesives with gel viscosity allow the material to have a little slump, a minor slump, or no slump at all, enabling them to be dispensed along a ridge or in a groove. (dymax.com)
- Record as the viscosity time of the material. (gardco.com)
Cold2
- Reducing viscosity is a challenge during cold winter months. (powerblanket.com)
- This is a situation where GC 0w30 would work out very well for him since he could run it in winter when it's extremely cold, and it's 12.2cst at 100c viscosity puts it almost at a 40wt for good protection in the summer when he's running his car at the track. (bobistheoilguy.com)
Higher2
Select1
- Depending on what option you select at the time of uninstallation they'll either be kept (and reappear when you reinstall Viscosity) or be removed. (sparklabs.com)
Properties2
- Effect of polymer viscosity on physicochemical properties and ocular tolerance of FB-loaded PLGA nanospheres. (bvsalud.org)
- viscosity, reduced red cell deformability, The main objectives of this study were abnormal red cell adhesive properties, en- to assess platelet aggregation patterns and dothelial intimal proliferation, bone marrow levels of PC, PS and AT III in SCA patients or fat embolism and a chronic hypercoagula- in the steady state and in vaso-occlusive ble state [6]. (who.int)
Offers1
- A: Dymax offers adhesives with several viscosity variations. (dymax.com)
Problem1
- If you use classical solvability of your problem, with $f$ and $g$ sufficiently smooth, then there is a very simple proof that the viscosity solution is unique and agrees with the classical solution. (mathoverflow.net)
Increase1
- With this viscometer we can now get the data we need to tune our mathematical models and correlations and increase the accuracy of our viscosity predictions. (hydramotion.com)
Application1
- The notion of viscosity solution is based on the comparison principle (an application of the maximum principle), against smooth sub-/super-solutions. (mathoverflow.net)