Viscosity. Medical search

The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The internal resistance of the BLOOD to shear forces. The in vitro measure of whole blood viscosity is of limited clinical utility because it bears little relationship to the actual viscosity within the circulation, but an increase in the viscosity of circulating blood can contribute to morbidity in patients suffering from disorders such as SICKLE CELL ANEMIA and POLYCYTHEMIA.

The study of the deformation and flow of matter, usually liquids or fluids, and of the plastic flow of solids. The concept covers consistency, dilatancy, liquefaction, resistance to flow, shearing, thixotrophy, and VISCOSITY.

Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.

The volume of packed RED BLOOD CELLS in a blood specimen. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, ANEMIA shows a low value; POLYCYTHEMIA, a high value.

The formation of clumps of RED BLOOD CELLS under low or non-flow conditions, resulting from the attraction forces between the red blood cells. The cells adhere to each other in rouleaux aggregates. Slight mechanical force, such as occurs in the circulation, is enough to disperse these aggregates. Stronger or weaker than normal aggregation may result from a variety of effects in the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE or in BLOOD PLASMA. The degree of aggregation is affected by ERYTHROCYTE DEFORMABILITY, erythrocyte membrane sialylation, masking of negative surface charge by plasma proteins, etc. BLOOD VISCOSITY and the ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE are affected by the amount of erythrocyte aggregation and are parameters used to measure the aggregation.

Ability of ERYTHROCYTES to change shape as they pass through narrow spaces, such as the microvasculature.

The deformation and flow behavior of BLOOD and its elements i.e., PLASMA; ERYTHROCYTES; WHITE BLOOD CELLS; and BLOOD PLATELETS.

Reduction of blood viscosity usually by the addition of cell free solutions. Used clinically (1) in states of impaired microcirculation, (2) for replacement of intraoperative blood loss without homologous blood transfusion, and (3) in cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia.

Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Repetitive withdrawal of small amounts of blood and replacement with donor blood until a large proportion of the blood volume has been exchanged. Used in treatment of fetal erythroblastosis, hepatic coma, sickle cell anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, septicemia, burns, thrombotic thrombopenic purpura, and fulminant malaria.

Polysaccharide gums from PLANTS.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

A cellulose derivative which is a beta-(1,4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative and as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as a stabilizer for reagents.

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.

A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

Polysaccharides composed of repeating galactose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.

Compounds that provide LUBRICATION between surfaces in order to reduce FRICTION.

Colloids with liquid continuous phase and solid dispersed phase; the term is used loosely also for solid-in-gas (AEROSOLS) and other colloidal systems; water-insoluble drugs may be given as suspensions.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The contents included in all or any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.

The motion of fluids, especially noncompressible liquids, under the influence of internal and external forces.

Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Any liquid used to replace blood plasma, usually a saline solution, often with serum albumins, dextrans or other preparations. These substances do not enhance the oxygen- carrying capacity of blood, but merely replace the volume. They are also used to treat dehydration.

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

The application of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and storing of drugs and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures, and in the treatment of patients.

The internal resistance of a material to moving some parts of it parallel to a fixed plane, in contrast to stretching (TENSILE STRENGTH) or compression (COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH). Ionic crystals are brittle because, when subjected to shear, ions of the same charge are brought next to each other, which causes repulsion.

Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.

A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.

The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Organic siloxanes which are polymerized to the oily stage. The oils have low surface tension and density less than 1. They are used in industrial applications and in the treatment of retinal detachment, complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.

The entities of matter and energy, and the processes, principles, properties, and relationships describing their nature and interactions.

Homogeneous liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved, i.e., molecularly dispersed, in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents. For reasons of their ingredients, method of preparation, or use, they do not fall into another group of products.

A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals; also used as blood volume expander.

Relating to the size of solids.

A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It is used as laxative, lubricant, ointment base, and emollient.

Surface resistance to the relative motion of one body against the rubbing, sliding, rolling, or flowing of another with which it is in contact.

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

The preparation, mixing, and assembling of a drug. (From Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th ed, p1814)

The study of fluid channels and chambers of tiny dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers and volumes of nanoliters or picoliters. This is of interest in biological MICROCIRCULATION and used in MICROCHEMISTRY and INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES.

Properties of non-polymerizable tropomyosin obtained by carboxypeptidase A digestion. (1/2691)

Tropomyosin digested with carboxypeptidase A [EC 3.4.12.2] (CTM) shows a lower viscosity than the undigested protein in solution. From the relation between the viscosity decrease and the amount of amino acids liberated from the carboxyl terminus during this digestion, it is inferred that loss of the tri-peptide-Thr-Ser-Ile from the C-terminus is responsible for the decrease in viscosity. The secondary structure of -TM was not affected by the digestion according to circular dichroic measurements. The viscosity of CTM did not increase in methanol-water mixtures, whereas that of tropomyosin increased markedly. These results indicate that polymerizability was lost upon the removal of a small peptide from the C-terminus without change in the secondary structure. A decrease in the viscosity of tropomyosin solutions was observed on the addition of CTM, indicating that CTM interacts with intact tropomyosin. The dependence of the viscosity decrease on the amount of CTM showed that CTM binds tropomyosin in a one-to-one ratio as a result of end-to-end interaction. Since paracrystals having a 400 A repeated band structure could be grown in the presence of Mg ions at neutral pH, side-by-side interactions in CTM molecules remain intact, even though polymerizability is lost. The disc gel electrophoretic pattern showed that troponin could bind to CTM, but no increase in viscosity due to the complex was observed in solution. That is, the C-terminal part of tropomyosin is not required for the formation of the complex. The amount of CTM bound to F-actin was less than half of that bound to undigested tropomyosin, and could be reduced to one-tenth by a washing procedure. In the presence of troponin, however, the amount recovered to the level of tropomyosin normally bound to F-actin. Therefore, it is concluded that troponin is bound in the middle of the tropomyosin molecule and strengthens the binding of tropomyosin to F-actin. (+info)

Association and dissociation kinetics of bobwhite quail lysozyme with monoclonal antibody HyHEL-5. (2/2691)

The anti-hen egg lysozyme monoclonal antibody HyHEL-5 and its complexes with various species-variant and mutant lysozymes have been the subject of considerable experimental and theoretical investigation. The affinity of HyHEL-5 for bobwhite quail lysozyme (BWQL) is over 1000-fold lower than its affinity for the original antigen, hen egg lysozyme (HEL). This difference is believed to arise almost entirely from the replacement in BWQL of the structural and energetic epitope residue Arg68 by lysine. In this study, the association and dissociation kinetics of BWQL with HyHEL-5 were investigated under a variety of conditions and compared with previous results for HEL. HyHEL-5-BWQL association follows a bimolecular mechanism and the dissociation of the antibody-antigen complex is a first-order process. Changes in ionic strength (from 27 to 500 mM) and pH (from 6.0 to 10.0) produced about a 2-fold change in the association and dissociation rates. The effect of viscosity modifiers on the association reaction was also studied. The large difference in the HEL and BWQL affinities for HyHEL-5 is essentially due to differences in the dissociation rate constant. (+info)

Altered crossbridge kinetics in the alphaMHC403/+ mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (3/2691)

A mutation in the cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain, Arg403Gln (R403Q), causes a severe form of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) in humans. We used small-amplitude (0.25%) length-perturbation analysis to examine the mechanical properties of skinned left ventricular papillary muscle strips from mouse hearts bearing the R403Q mutation in the alpha-myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC403/+). Myofibrillar disarray with variable penetrance occurred in the left ventricular free wall of the alphaMHC403/+ hearts. In resting strips (pCa 8), dynamic stiffness was approximately 40% greater than in wild-type strips, consistent with elevated diastolic stiffness reported for murine hearts with FHC. At pCa 6 (submaximal activation), strip isometric tension was approximately 3 times higher than for wild-type strips, whereas at pCa 5 (maximal activation), tension was marginally lower. At submaximal calcium activation the characteristic frequencies of the work-producing (b) and work-absorbing (c) steps of the crossbridge were less in alphaMHC403/+ strips than in wild-type strips (b=11+/-1 versus 15+/-1 Hz; c= 58+/-3 versus 66+/-3 Hz; 27 degrees C). At maximal calcium activation, strip oscillatory power was reduced (0. 53+/-0.25 versus 1.03+/-0.18 mW/mm3; 27 degrees C), which is partly attributable to the reduced frequency b, at which crossbridge work is maximum. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the R403Q mutation reduces the strong binding affinity of myosin for actin. Myosin heads may accumulate in a preforce state that promotes cooperative activation of the thin filament at submaximal calcium but blunts maximal tension and oscillatory power output at maximal calcium. The calcium-dependent effect of the mutation (whether facilitating or debilitating), together with a variable degree of fibrosis and myofibrillar disorder, may contribute to the diversity of clinical symptoms observed in murine FHC. (+info)

Acinar flow irreversibility caused by perturbations in reversible alveolar wall motion. (4/2691)

Mixing associated with "stretch-and-fold" convective flow patterns has recently been demonstrated to play a potentially important role in aerosol transport and deposition deep in the lung (J. P. Butler and A. Tsuda. J. Appl. Physiol. 83: 800-809, 1997), but the origin of this potent mechanism is not well characterized. In this study we hypothesized that even a small degree of asynchrony in otherwise reversible alveolar wall motion is sufficient to cause flow irreversibility and stretch-and-fold convective mixing. We tested this hypothesis using a large-scale acinar model consisting of a T-shaped junction of three short, straight, square ducts. The model was filled with silicone oil, and alveolar wall motion was simulated by pistons in two of the ducts. The pistons were driven to generate a low-Reynolds-number cyclic flow with a small amount of asynchrony in boundary motion adjusted to match the degree of geometric (as distinguished from pressure-volume) hysteresis found in rabbit lungs (H. Miki, J. P. Butler, R. A. Rogers, and J. Lehr. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 1630-1636, 1993). Tracer dye was introduced into the system, and its motion was monitored. The results showed that even a slight asynchrony in boundary motion leads to flow irreversibility with complicated swirling tracer patterns. Importantly, the kinematic irreversibility resulted in stretching of the tracer with narrowing of the separation between adjacent tracer lines, and when the cycle-by-cycle narrowing of lateral distance reached the slowly growing diffusion distance of the tracer, mixing abruptly took place. This coupling of evolving convective flow patterns with diffusion is the essence of the stretch-and-fold mechanism. We conclude that even a small degree of boundary asynchrony can give rise to stretch-and-fold convective mixing, thereby leading to transport and deposition of fine and ultrafine aerosol particles deep in the lung. (+info)

A three-month repeated oral administration study of a low viscosity grade of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in rats. (5/2691)

The toxicity of the lowest viscosity grade of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) that is currently commercially available was investigated by means of a three-month repeated oral administration study in male and female Crj:CD (SD) IGS rats at doses of 505, 1,020 and 2,100 mg/kg/day. Body weights of males and females in the 2,100 mg/kg group were lower than those of the control group on and after day 28 of administration, but the differences were not statistically significant. The degree of suppression of body weight gain in males was higher than that in females. This tendency was similar to the results in other toxicity studies of HPMC that have been reported. Males in the 2,100 mg/kg group showed a tendency (not significant) for decreased food consumption and urine volume. Examinations of general signs, hematology, blood chemistry, ophthalmology, absolute and relative organ weights, autopsy and histopathology revealed only a few, apparently coincidental, statistically significant differences from the control, and no evidence of any dose-dependent changes was found. It was concluded that the lowest viscosity grade of HPMC showed extremely low toxicity under the conditions of this study, as has been found for higher viscosity grades. (+info)

Single-polymer dynamics in steady shear flow. (6/2691)

The conformational dynamics of individual, flexible polymers in steady shear flow were directly observed by the use of video fluorescence microscopy. The probability distribution for the molecular extension was determined as a function of shear rate, gamma;, for two different polymer relaxation times, tau. In contrast to the behavior in pure elongational flow, the average polymer extension in shear flow does not display a sharp coil-stretch transition. Large, aperiodic temporal fluctuations were observed, consistent with end-over-end tumbling of the molecule. The rate of these fluctuations (relative to the relaxation rate) increased as the Weissenberg number, gamma;tau, was increased. (+info)

Thiol oxidation of actin produces dimers that enhance the elasticity of the F-actin network. (7/2691)

Slow oxidation of sulfhydryls, forming covalently linked actin dimers and higher oligomers, accounts for increases in the shear elasticity of purified actin observed after aging. Disulfide-bonded actin dimers are incorporated into F-actin during polymerization and generate cross-links between actin filaments. The large gel strength of oxidized actin (>100 Pa for 1 mg/ml) in the absence of cross-linking proteins falls to within the theoretically predicted order of magnitude for uncross-linked actin filament networks (1 Pa) with the addition of sufficient concentrations of reducing agents such as 5 mM dithiothreitol or 10 mM beta-mercaptoethanol. As little as 1 gelsolin/1000 actin subunits also lowers the high storage modulus of oxidized actin. The effects of gelsolin may be both to increase filament number as it severs F-actin and to cover the barbed end of an actin filament, which otherwise might cross-link to the side of another filament via an actin dimer. These new findings may explain why previous studies of actin rheology report a wide range of values when purified actin is polymerized without added regulatory proteins. (+info)

Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase is partially diffusion-controlled. (8/2691)

The effect of viscosogens on the enzyme-catalyzed rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate has been studied. The steady-state parameters kcat and kcat/Km for the monofunctional chorismate mutase from Bacillus subtilis (BsCM) decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of glycerol, whereas the 'sluggish' BsCM mutants C75A and C75S were insensitive to changes in microviscosity. The latter results rule out extraneous interactions of the viscosogen as an explanation for the effects observed with the wild-type enzyme. Additional control experiments show that neither viscosogen-induced shifts in the pH-dependence of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction nor small perturbations of the conformational equilibrium of chorismate can account for the observed effects. Instead, BsCM appears to be limited by substrate binding and product release at low and high substrate concentrations, respectively. Analysis of the kinetic data indicates that diffusive transition states are between 30 and 40% rate-determining in these concentration regimes; the chemical step must contribute to the remaining kinetic barrier. The relatively low value of the 'on' rates for chorismate and prephenate (approximately 2 x 106 m-1.s-1) probably reflects the need for a rare conformation of the enzyme, the ligand, or both for successful binding. Interestingly, the chorismate mutase domain of the bifunctional chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydratase from Escherichia coli, which has steady-state kinetic parameters comparable to those of BsCM but has a much less accessible active site, is insensitive to changes in viscosity and the reaction it catalyses is not diffusion-controlled. (+info)

Viscosity[edit]. Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, as a fluid solution, demonstrates a characteristic viscosity, 78 mPa·s that is much ... The viscosity of NaOH, as with any chemical, is inversely related to its service temperature; meaning viscosity decreases as ... The viscosity of sodium hydroxide plays a direct role in its application as well as its storage.[13] ... to increase the mud viscosity, and to neutralize any acid gas (such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide) which may be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E524

Typical values for the viscosity of normal human plasma at 37 °C is 1.4 mN·s/m2.[3] The viscosity of normal plasma varies with ... Where a is the particle radius, ρp, ρf are the respectively particle and fluid density μ is the fluid viscosity, g is the ... µ: viscosity. *l: length of tube. In the case of vessels with infinitely long lengths, l is replaced with diameter of the ... μ: viscosity of blood. The Reynold's number is directly proportional to the velocity and diameter of the tube. Note that NR is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemodynamics

Viscosity[edit]. The interactions between proteins and carbohydrates plays an important role in the viscosity of processed ... This power law model represents a type of non-Newtonian fluid relating shear rate and shear stress with viscosity.[10] As ... Therefore, the continuous phase of the oil-in-water emulsion has a greater contribution to the viscosity of the cheese product ... After it is expelled, there is no more shear rate and the cheese retains its original higher viscosity. Here, the cheese ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easy_Cheese

Also, due to viscometer acceptable ranges of error, viscosity is typically given as a mean, or as a range. Typical viscosity ... Viscosity test methods[edit]. Because hypromellose solution is a non-newtonian solution and exhibits pseudoplastic, more ... The inflexibility/viscosity of the resulting mass, however, is directly related to the concentration of the methoxy group (the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypromellose

is controlling a volume viscosity while β. {\displaystyle \beta }. acts similar to the Neumann Richtmeyr artificial viscosity. ... Artificial viscosity. Introduced by Monaghan and Gingold [68] the artificial viscosity was used to deal with high Mach number ... This approach introduces the bulk viscosity ζ. =. 5. 3. μ. {\displaystyle \zeta ={\frac {5}{3}}\mu }. . ... Viscosity modelling[edit]. In general, the description of hydrodynamic flows require a convenient treatment of diffusive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoothed-particle_hydrodynamics

"Viscosity of Automotive brake fluid - viscosity table and viscosity chart :: Anton Paar Wiki". Anton Paar. Retrieved 2018-07-06 ... Viscosity[edit]. For reliable, consistent brake system operation, brake fluid must maintain a constant viscosity under a wide ... Viscosity at -40 °C°F Viscosity at 100 °C (212 °F) Primary constituent ... DOT 4 and DOT 5.1 brake fluids exist with low viscosity meeting the maximum 750 mm2/s viscosity at -40 °C°F requirement of ISO ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_fluid

Intrinsic viscosity. One of the most important characteristics of PET is referred to as intrinsic viscosity (IV).[14] ... The intrinsic viscosity of the material, found by extrapolating to zero concentration of relative viscosity to concentration ... Decrease of intrinsic viscosity or dynamic viscosity. *Decrease of crystallization temperature and increase of crystallization ... the required viscosity can be adjusted via drying or vacuum adjustment in case of vacuum extrusion. For adjusting the viscosity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate

Viscosity[edit]. As polymers get longer and their molecular weight increases, the viscosity of polymers in their dissolved and ... The viscosity of polymer solutions is a valued parameter. Viscometers such as this are employed in such measurements. ... Thus, the measured viscosity of synthesized polymers can provide valuable information about the average length of the polymer, ... Polymers in solution have special characteristics with respect to solubility, viscosity, and gelation. Illustrative of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_chemistry

Viscosity 3.74 cP Hazards Safety data sheet External MSDS EU classification (DSD) (outdated) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane

Viscosity 7.438 mPa (at 20 °C) Thermochemistry Heat capacity (C). 136.2 J K−1 mol−1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Propyl_iodide

"Viscosity". The Physics Hypertextbook. Retrieved 2007-10-02.. *^ a b c d Siegfried Rebsdat; Dieter Mayer (2005), "Ethylene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyleneglycol

Viscosity. 0.89 cP at 25 °C. Hazards. Main hazards. Harmful (Xn),. Dangerous for. the environment (N). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchloroethylene

Viscosity 3.77 cP (244 °C). 3.04 cP (275 °C)[3] Structure Crystal structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_nitrate

Calculation of vapor pressure, liquid density, dynamic liquid viscosity, surface tension of diethyl ether, ddbonline.ddbst.de ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylether

Viscosity. 1.573 cP at 25 °C. Hazards. Safety data sheet. MSDS1,MSDS2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperidine

This internal resistance to flow is named viscosity. In everyday terms, the viscosity of a fluid is described as its "thickness ... Main article: Viscosity. Fluid friction occurs between fluid layers that are moving relative to each other. ... ". Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity. The less viscous the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction

ClF3 is a very strong oxidizing and fluorinating agent. It is extremely reactive with most inorganic and organic materials, such as glass, and will initiate the combustion of many otherwise non-flammable materials without any ignition source. These reactions are often violent, and in some cases explosive. Vessels made from steel, copper, or nickel resist the attack of the material due to formation of a thin layer of insoluble metal fluoride, but molybdenum, tungsten, and titanium form volatile fluorides and are consequently unsuitable. Any equipment that comes into contact with chlorine trifluoride must be scrupulously cleaned and then passivated, because any contamination left may burn through the passivation layer faster than it can re-form. Chlorine trifluoride has also been known to corrode materials otherwise known to be non-corrodible such as iridium, platinum, and gold.[citation needed] The power to surpass the oxidizing ability of oxygen leads to corrosivity against oxide-containing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine_trifluoride

Viscosity 4.327 cP (50 °C)[5]. 2.88 cP (70 °C)[4] Structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decanoate

Viscosity 0.3 mPa·s Thermochemistry Heat capacity (C). 265.2 J K−1 mol−1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-hexane

Viscosity 7.8 cP (70 °C)[3] Thermochemistry Heat capacity (C). 463.36 J/mol·K[7] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmitate

Viscosity 6.5 cP (50% aq. sol.)[3] Structure Crystal structure. Monoclinic Thermochemistry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrate

Viscosity 0.00887 cP (8.87 µPa·s) @ 25 °C Hazards Safety data sheet SDS for 1,1-difluoroethane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,1-Difluoroethane

Dynamic viscosity (at 20 °C, mPa·s). 1.2467. 1.1248. 1.0016 Surface tension (at 25 °C, N/m). 0.07187. 0.07193. 0.07198 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium_oxide

Viscosity 12.82 μPa·s[3] Structure Point group. C2v Coordination geometry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide

Viscosity 300-500 centistokes (@25°C) Hazards Main hazards Irritant NFPA 704 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E433

Blood viscosity also increases with increases in red cell aggregability (see below). Blood viscosity is a measure of the ... Blood viscosity is determined by plasma viscosity, hematocrit (volume fraction of red blood cell, which constitute 99.9% of the ... Plasma's viscosity is determined by water-content and macromolecular components, so these factors that affect blood viscosity ... Anemia can reduce blood viscosity, which may lead to heart failure. Furthermore, elevation of plasma viscosity correlates to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorheology

In spite of the viscosity of the acid, the effective conductivities of the H. 3SO+. 4 and HSO−. 4 ions are high due to an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid

Viscosity 2.86 cP at 15 °C. 1.96 cP at 25 °C[5]. 1.77 cP at 30 °C[5] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopropyl_alcohol

Viscosity 0.9 cSt @ 37.78 °C Thermochemistry Std molar. entropy (S. o. 298) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol

Viscosity 1.245 cP (20 °C) Dipole moment. 2.26 D Thermochemistry Heat capacity (C) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_Peroxide

Glass Viscosity Measurement - viscosity measurement, viscosity units and fixpoints, glass viscosity calculation ... Viscosity. A simulation of liquids with different viscosities. The liquid on the right has higher viscosity than the liquid on ... Viscoelastic solids may exhibit both shear viscosity and bulk viscosity. The extensional viscosity is a linear combination of ... Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity, ASTM, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity

Viscosity also acts internally on the fluid between slower and faster moving adjacent layers. ... viscosity, resistance of a fluid to flow. This resistance acts against the motion of any solid object through the fluid and ... In general, viscosity is a function of temperature and pressure ; however, in some fluids viscosity is dependent on the rate of ... Viscosity. The viscosity of a fluid is an internal measure of its resistance to continuous deformation caused by sliding or ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/physics/physics/viscosity

Media in category "Measuring instruments (viscosity)". The following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. ... Retrieved from "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Measuring_instruments_(viscosity)&oldid=267460758" ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Measuring_instruments_

First, the numbers are ratings of viscosity -- the rate of flow ... First, the numbers are ratings of viscosity -- the rate of flow ... How do oil companies formulate multi-viscosity lubricants for all-temperature protection? We add viscosity modifiers (VMs) to ... The first number, followed by a W for winter, is a measure of an oils viscosity at sub-zero temperatures, and lower ... Another advantage of a good synthetic is that it can be engineered to deliver the ultra-low viscosity ratings that automakers ...

https://www.kbb.com/car-news/all-the-latest/oil-chronicles-viscosity/2000010254/

Comparison of the viscosity models. (A) Temperature dependence of viscosity with Eqs. 8-10, assuming m = 60 and log10η∞ = −4. ( ... 4A, the three viscosity models are fit to the high-temperature viscosity data only (including the softening point at 106.6 Pa-s ... A) Low-temperature extrapolation test, where the viscosity models are fit to high-temperature viscosity data and then ... Defining K(x) = B(x)/3NklnΩ and C(x) = H(x)/k, we obtain the following three-parameter model for viscosity: Eq. 6 was proposed ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/106/47/19780

... a American Strong Ale beer by Port Brewing Company / The Lost Abbey, a brewery in San Marcos, ... This is the oak aging beer which makes up the oak aged portion found in our Old Viscosity. This is aged in Heaven Hill Bourbon ... From Mar 2008 I bought this from South Bay D&L. Thanks Joey! To preface this review, I thought the Old Viscosity was damn good ... You took an incredible brew in Old Viscosity and took it to new levels and still made it a very drinkable brew. Fn amazing. ...

https://www.ratebeer.com/beer/port-brewing-older-viscosity/66624/

The growing interest and concern over the problem of the high temperature viscosity of engine oils and its effect on the engine ... "engine viscosity" and "viscosity rig" tests to define correlations where possible. ... The growing interest and concern over the problem of the high temperature viscosity of engine oils and its effect on the engine ... Citation: Ingoni, A., DiLelio, G., and Eberhorst, C., "European Activity Concerning Engine Oil Viscosity Classification," SAE ...

https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/770374/

Older Viscosity is a American Double / Imperial Stout style beer brewed by Port Brewing in San Marcos, CA. 4.35 average with ... Older Viscosity from Port Brewing Beer rating: 4.35 out of 5 with 2,664 ratings ...

https://www.beeradvocate.com/beer/profile/13839/34094/?ba=jwc215

Older Viscosity is a American Imperial Stout style beer brewed by Port Brewing in San Marcos, CA. Score: 97 with 2,680 ratings ... Notes: A bourbon barrel-aged version of our Imperial Stout Old Viscosity. Enormously rich but satisfying beer, Older Viscosity ... Great viscosity (go figure) and it just seems to coat your tongue and not let go. Not easy to find or cheap -- but this is one ... Older Viscosity from Port Brewing Beer rating: 97 out of 100 with 2680 ratings ...

https://www.beeradvocate.com/beer/profile/13839/34094/?ba=mostfadedone

Viscosity is a term used to describe the measure of a fluids resistance to flow. The internal friction of a fluid in motion and ... What is the viscosity of ethylene glycol?. A: At 68 degrees Fahrenheit, the viscosity of ethylene glycol is 16.9 centipoise, ... Viscosity is a term used to describe the measure of a fluids resistance to flow. The internal friction of a fluid in motion and ... High viscosity fluids are able to resist motion because they have a molecular makeup that provides them with a high degree of ...

https://www.reference.com/science/viscosity-7fdd9c4e93790c9f

This explanation would require helium II to have an abnormally low viscosity; at present, the only viscosity measurements on ... liquid helium have been made in Toronto1, and showed that there is a drop in viscosity below the λ-point by a factor of 3 ... The very small kinematic viscosity of liquid helium II thus makes it difficult to measure the viscosity. In an attempt to get ... This explanation would require helium II to have an abnormally low viscosity; at present, the only viscosity measurements on ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/141074a0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=f44b8c9d-0582-4929-b74d-bcadebb8abe9

The identification of precursors indicative of magma viscosity would enable forecasting of the eruption style and the scale of ... Experimentally obtained viscosities for 2018 products and earlier lavas from the Puu Ōō vents tightly constrain the ... a phenomenon previously observed only at high-viscosity eruptions3, and never before at Kīlauea4-8. ... Magma viscosity strongly controls the style (for example, explosive versus effusive) of a volcanic eruption and thus its hazard ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03400-x?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29&error=cookies_not_supported&code=5b141d87-0e5c-4382-b1ab-be22249123cd

An output device receives the restorative signal and determines the viscosity of the fluid therefrom. ... A rotational viscometer is disclosed for measuring the viscosity of a rotating fluid. The viscometer includes a measurement ... The viscosity of the fluid causes the suspended disk to rotate. The device calculates the viscosity of the fluid by measuring ... the digital computer including at least one temperature-to-viscosity profile, the digital computer determining the viscosity of ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5987970?dq=inassignee:doubleclick

Viscosity North America news - latest news direct from companies - read online or subscribe to feed or by email - press ... By Viscosity North America. Viscosity North America (Viscosity), a premier, niche consulting company, is pleased to announce ... By Viscosity North America. Viscosity North America (Viscosity), a professional services leader in database, virtualization and ... Viscosity North America Press Releases. Exclusive News. Topics Locations Industries Dates. Viscosity Hires a Sixth Oracle ACE ...

https://www.prlog.org/news/tag/viscosity-north-america/

The general behaviour of engine lubricant viscosity with temperature is well understood and for most applications the widely ... Ideally it would be beneficial for a viscosity model to include standard viscosity parameters in a single expression that could ... High-Accuracy Viscosity-Temperature Model for Engine Simulation 2018-01-1805. In an era of accelerated engine efficiency ... A key aspect which underpins models of lubricated surfaces is the ability to accurately predict viscosity. Any errors in a ...

https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/2018-01-1805/

... an arbitrary scale for lubricating oils that indicates the extent of variation in viscosity with variation of temperature. See ... an arbitrary scale for lubricating oils that indicates the extent of variation in viscosity with variation of temperature. ...

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/viscosity-index?qsrc=2446

Specific viscosity definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it ... specific viscosity. noun 1. (physics) a measure of the resistance to flow of a fluid, expressed as the ratio of the absolute ... viscosity of the fluid to that of a reference fluid (usually water in the case of liquids) ...

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/specific-viscosity

While glass capillary tubes can be used for measuring the viscosity of low-viscosity liquids, he added, the cone-plate and ... "Practical Course on Viscosity Measurement," "Applied Viscosity Test Methods," and "Practical Course on Texture Analysis"; and ... Brabenders latest instrument in its line of viscosity-measuring equipment for food materials is the Consistometer Model E. ... Along these lines, the company has designed a viscosity measurement instrument specifically for small sample sizes, the Micro- ...

https://www.ift.org/news-and-publications/food-technology-magazine/issues/2009/july/columns/laboratory

The fluid comprises a typically metabolizable antibacterial formulation having a viscosity of at least about ... The viscosity of the material increases over a period of about 3-5 days to form a gel having a viscosity of about 85,000 cp. ... A formulation which comprises an antibiotic mixed with sufficient viscosity increasing agent and water to provide a viscosity ... Typically, the antibacterial fluid of this invention comprises a low viscosity antibacterial agent mixed with a viscosity ...

https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2005/0042240.html

Viscosity Science Lab Purpose: To determine of changing the viscosity will affect the time it takes for a marble to flow ... Viscosity Science Lab Purpose: To determine of changing the viscosity will affect the time it takes for a marble to flow ... More about Viscosity Lab Essay. *. Lab Report On Viscosity : Newtonian Vs. Non Newtonian Fluids. 1722 Words , 7 Pages ... Viscosity of Liquids Lap Report. 1815 Words , 8 Pages. Experiment 1: Viscosity of Liquids Victoria Kulczak Lab Partners: Laina ...

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Viscosity-Lab-FKPCZN3TC

Bulk viscosity is the same as volume viscosity. *Shear viscosity is viscosity coefficient when applied stress is a shear stress ... Here, the constant η is known as the coefficient of viscosity, the viscosity, the dynamic viscosity, or the Newtonian viscosity ... Kinematic viscosity is dynamic viscosity divided by density for Newtonian fluid;. *Volume viscosity is viscosity coefficient ... Viscosity (dynamic/absolute viscosity). The IUPAC symbol for viscosity is the Greek symbol eta (. ), and dynamic viscosity is ...

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Viscosity

Glycerol (or a glycerol-water mix) might do nicely; in fact, the viscosity could be chosen depending on the scale of the scene ...

https://www.halfbakery.com/idea/High_20viscosity_20snowglobe

Glass Viscosity Measurement Viscosity measurement, viscosity units and fixpoints, glass viscosity calculation ... "Lube-Tech - Viscosity Blending Equations" (PDF).. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry ... The viscosity of slurry can be described as relative to the viscosity of the liquid phase:. μ. s. =. μ. r. μ. l. ,. {\ ... Viscosity (dynamic). A simulation of liquids with different viscosities. The liquid on the right has higher viscosity than the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscous

Glass Viscosity Measurement Viscosity measurement, viscosity units and fixpoints, glass viscosity calculation ... "Lube-Tech - Viscosity Blending Equations" (PDF).. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry ... The viscosity of slurry can be described as relative to the viscosity of the liquid phase:. μ. s. =. μ. r. μ. l. ,. {\ ... Viscosity of liquids. (at 25 °C unless otherwise specified). Liquid. Viscosity (Pa·s). Viscosity (cP). ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity

Viscosity-dependent actin flow. (A) Schematic representation of the inferred impact of viscosity of the molecular clutch. ... Cell morphology was smaller and more rounded on low-viscosity surfaces, with larger, more spread cells seen on high-viscosity ... G) Model predictions regarding ligand density at high and low viscosity, demonstrating that when viscosity is high (e.g., DPPC ... B) The clutch model prediction concerning the actin flow substituting stiffness for viscosity; this shows that as the viscosity ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/115/6/1192

Plasma viscosity is determined by water-content and macromolecular components. Plasma is a highly concentrated protein solution ... Evaluation of plasma viscosity has been underutilized in the clinical practice. ... Evaluation of plasma viscosity has been underutilized in the clinical practice. Plasma viscosity is determined by water-content ... the higher plasma viscosity results. Plasma is a Newtonian fluid, its viscosity does not depend on flow characteristics, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18503132/?dopt=Abstract

... kinematic and dynamic viscosity as well as considerations for various devices and tools that measure the viscosity of liquids ... Dynamic Viscosity. Consider the following quantities of viscosity: kinematic and dynamic. Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of ... Viscosity cups. The various forms of viscosity cupsspan> use gravity to allow a fluid to flow through an orifice located at the ... Viscosity Measurement Devices and Tools. Falling ball viscometers. The falling ball viscometer measures the viscosity of fluids ...

https://www.coleparmer.com/tech-article/measuring-viscosity

Fluid simulator adds viscosity, new Ocean Force daemon, support for the Arnold renderer. Price down too. Read More » ...

http://www.cgchannel.com/tag/viscosity/

Moynos 2000 G2 pump is designed to tackle applications with medium viscosity slurries and sludges with solids in suspension ... Moynos 2000 G2 pump is designed to tackle applications with medium viscosity slurries and sludges with solids in suspension ...

https://www.foodengineeringmag.com/articles/83418-medium-viscosity-pump

What are good blood viscosity measurements? (reference.com)
The normal blood viscosity level for healthy adults is 40/100, notes Blood Flow Online. (reference.com)
Blood viscosity is measured in millipoise units. (reference.com)
An increase in blood viscosity is linked to major cardiovascular problems, including high blood pressure, lower high-density lipoprotein levels, lower low-density lipoprotein levels and Type 2 diabetes. (reference.com)
Blood viscosity, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular risk. (ahajournals.org)
Proliferative retinopathy was associated with significantly higher levels of blood viscosity at high and low shear rates, which were related to higher levels of plasma viscosity and fibrinogen. (unboundmedicine.com)
In view of these findings, and of our recent demonstration that increased blood viscosity also exists in those patients with retinal vein occlusion who develop a similar proliferative retinopathy, we suggest that hyperviscosity may contribute to retinal ischaemia and hence proliferative retinopathy. (unboundmedicine.com)
Blood viscosity is a measurement of the thickness and stickiness of an individual's blood. (theengineer.co.uk)
Blood viscosity is correlated with all known risk factors for cardiovascular disease - elevated blood viscosity is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events. (theengineer.co.uk)
There are different kinds of testing for blood viscosity. (theengineer.co.uk)
Blood viscosity and blood density depends on what? (enotes.com)
Relative value of blood viscosity is 4.5, compared with the viscosity of water considered 1. (enotes.com)
Blood viscosity is the property of blood to adhere to vessel walls and is based on the number, shape and size of red cells. (enotes.com)
Blood viscosity and blood density are two different physical properties that are closly related and dedending on the properties of water. (enotes.com)
1. Blood viscosity depends on the content of the blood, or the concentration of each of many components in the plasma fluid. (enotes.com)
There is a broad range of factors affecting blood viscosity and viscosity. (enotes.com)
Microvisk Technologies develops and manufactures devices for measuring blood viscosity using the power of Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and a radical new technique stemming from futuristic research on microtechnology. (comsol.com)
UConn engineering researchers George Lykotrafitis, left, and graduate student Kostyantyn Partola have developed a device to test an important indicator of heart health that is often ignored - blood viscosity. (eurekalert.org)
University of Connecticut researchers have developed a device that tests an important indicator of heart health that is often ignored - blood viscosity. (eurekalert.org)
But less attention has been paid to blood viscosity. (eurekalert.org)
Studies have shown that increased blood viscosity was significantly more prevalent in patients who experienced heart attacks and strokes compared to patients with lower blood viscosity. (eurekalert.org)
In fact, one study found that increased blood viscosity is a more likely sign of a potential cardiac event than high blood pressure, gender, or smoking. (eurekalert.org)
Yet despite this strong correlation, physicians can't currently evaluate blood viscosity at routine office visits. (eurekalert.org)
The research shows there is a connection between blood viscosity and cardiac events, and the equipment exists to test it, but not in a practical or efficient way. (eurekalert.org)
So Lykotrafitis and doctoral candidate Kostyantyn Partola developed a small electronic device that can measure blood viscosity at the point of care. (eurekalert.org)
Currently, to measure blood viscosity physicians would typically need to send large samples to an off-site lab for analysis in a rheometer, an instrument that measures viscosity mechanically. (eurekalert.org)
The effect of hematocrit on blood viscosity is clear--the higher the percentage of blood that is made up of red blood cells, the thicker blood is going to be. (thefreedictionary.com)

In the case of gases, the viscosity increases with temperature because of the increased molecular activity at higher temperatures. (encyclopedia.com)
Liquids, conversely, generally show decreasing viscosity with increasing temperature. (encyclopedia.com)
The viscosity measurement for water is defined as 1 centipoise (0.0100 poises) at room temperature of 68 ° F (20 ° C). However, water ' s viscosity at its boiling point of 212 ° F (100 ° C) drops to 0.0038 poises. (encyclopedia.com)
The second number reflects the oil's viscosity at high temperatures, based on tests at 100C (212F) -- considered 'normal' operating temperature -- and 150C (302F). (kbb.com)
How do oil companies formulate multi-viscosity lubricants for all-temperature protection? (kbb.com)
Synthetic oils have the advantage of natural 'viscosity index improvers' (VIIs) so don't require many (if any) polymer VMs to achieve sufficient temperature range. (kbb.com)
We present a model offering an improved description of the viscosity-temperature relationship for both inorganic and organic liquids using the same number of parameters as VFT and AM. The model has a clear physical foundation based on the temperature dependence of configurational entropy, and it offers an accurate prediction of low-temperature isokoms without any singularity at finite temperature. (pnas.org)
Does the viscosity diverge at some finite temperature below the glass transition (i.e., is there a dynamic singularity)? (pnas.org)
It thus becomes critical to find a model that best describes the temperature dependence of viscosity by using the fewest possible number of fitting parameters ( 1 , 2 ). (pnas.org)
where T is temperature, x is composition, and the three VFT parameters (η ∞ , A , and T 0 ) are obtained by fitting Eq. 1 to experimentally measured viscosity data. (pnas.org)
The growing interest and concern over the problem of the high temperature viscosity of engine oils and its effect on the engine performance, following the proposal for revision of the SAE J 300, pushed the CEC Engine Lubricant Technical Committee to establish an Investigation Group (IGL 9) to investigate the subject of Viscosity Measurements at High Temp e rature. (sae.org)
The general behaviour of engine lubricant viscosity with temperature is well understood and for most applications the widely accepted models of Walther and Vogel are deemed accurate enough in their prediction of decreasing viscosity with increasing temperature. (sae.org)
The viscosity is not a material constant, but a material property that depends on physical properties like temperature. (wikipedia.org)
The less spheroid shape, the higher molecular weight, the higher aggregating capacity, and the higher temperature or pH sensitivity a protein has, the higher plasma viscosity results. (nih.gov)
A non-Newtonian fluid varies in viscosity in relation to changes in shear rate and temperature, as, for example, ketchup. (coleparmer.com)
If an adequate lubricant film is to be formed, the lubricant must have a given minimum viscosity when the application has reached its normal operating temperature. (skf.com)
The condition of the lubricant is described by the viscosity ratio κ as the ratio of the actual viscosity ν to the rated viscosity ν 1 for adequate lubrication, both values being considered when the lubricant is at normal operating temperature, see the section Selection of lubricating oil. (skf.com)
In order to form an adequate lubricant film between the rolling contact surfaces, the lubricant must retain a minimum viscosity when the lubricant is at operating temperature. (skf.com)
When the operating temperature is known from experience or can otherwise be determined, the corresponding viscosity at the internationally standardized reference temperature of 40°C can be obtained from diagram 2 . (skf.com)
Table lists the viscosity grades according to ISO 3448:1992 showing the range of viscosity for each class at 40°C. Certain bearing types, e.g. spherical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, and spherical roller thrust bearings, normally have a higher operating temperature than other bearing types, e.g. deep groove ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings, under comparable operating conditions. (skf.com)
Since d m = 0,5 (d + D), d m = 380 mm, from diagram 3 , the minimum rated viscosity ν 1 required to give adequate lubrication at the operating temperature is approximately 11 mm 2 /s. (skf.com)
From diagram 4 , assuming that the operating temperature of the bearing is 70ºC, it is found that a lubricant to an ISO VG 32 viscosity class, with an actual viscosity ν of at least 32 mm 2 /s at the reference temperature of 40ºC will be required. (skf.com)
Hence, viscosity modifiers should have high tolerance and low sensitivity to temperature. (spe.org)
The viscosity of a supramolecular solution is less sensitive (about three times so) to temperature changes than that of polyacrylamide solution. (spe.org)
Any oil-viscosity measurement is directly dependent on operating temperature, which will change in conjunction with machine temperature. (deere.com)
The viscosity of all female tract fluids responds to cyclical variations in temperature, and these exist within the oviduct near the time of ovulation. (springer.com)
Measurements of sperm motility are currently made in a physiological medium of constant viscosity and temperature, thereby overlooking changes in the female genital tract. (springer.com)
Rikmenspoel R. Movements and active moments of bull sperm flagella as a function of temperature and viscosity. (springer.com)
This is not an exact viscosity, but just that, a range, an area where the oil must be at with it's viscosity when at the hot temperature of 100c. (modernvespa.com)
Transient and steady-state uniaxial extensional viscosities of DNA dissolved in a solvent under excess salt conditions, with a high concentration of sucrose in order to achieve a sufficiently high solvent viscosity, have been determined in the semidilute regime at room temperature. (springer.com)
Thin, low viscosity oils flow easier to protect engine parts at cold temperature. (castrol.com)
The viscosity of oil changes with temperature, therefore multigrade oils were developed to provide protection across a range of operating temperatures. (castrol.com)
What is the maximum temperature of viscosity? (enotes.com)
Master Bond's EP62-1LPSP is an optically clear, low viscosity epoxy featuring convenient handling along with excellent temperature and chemical resistance. (electronicproducts.com)
ASTM involvement in high-temperature, high-shear (HTHS) viscosity research began in December 1977, as a direct result of a request by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). (astm.org)
The evolution of low-temperature viscosity requirements in the Engine Oil Viscosity Classification, SAE J300, began in 1923 with the introduction of simple limits on the pour point of selected viscosity grades. (astm.org)
For this reason, it is time for the industry to re-evaluate the low-temperature viscosity specifications in J300 to determine if they represent the optimum values needed for modern engine designs. (astm.org)

All fluids, except superfluids (those with a complete absence of viscosity), contain some factor that pose a resistance to shear stress. (encyclopedia.com)
thin fluids such as water or alcohol have a low viscosity. (encyclopedia.com)
however, in some fluids viscosity is dependent on the rate of shear and time. (encyclopedia.com)
When brushed on (sheared) quickly, fluids such as paint have a low viscosity and flow easily. (encyclopedia.com)
In non-Newtonian fluids, the viscosity measurements change depending on shear stress. (encyclopedia.com)
Shear thinning fluids exhibit a reduced viscosity value as the shear rate is increased. (encyclopedia.com)
Shear thickening fluids have higher viscosity values as shear rate is increased. (encyclopedia.com)
Viscosity is a term used to describe the measure of a fluids resistance to flow. (reference.com)
High viscosity fluids are able to resist motion because they have a molecular makeup that provides them with a high degree of internal friction. (reference.com)
Low viscosity fluids will flow more easily because they are unable to resist deformation caused by shear stress or tensile stress. (reference.com)
Non-Newtonian fluids are those that behave differently than Newtonian fluids do with regard to viscosity. (reference.com)
Otherwise, all fluids have positive viscosity and are technically said to be viscous or viscid. (wikipedia.org)
In practical applications, the majority of viscosity measurement s involve non-Newtonian fluids. (coleparmer.com)
Viscosity is a major factor in determining the forces that must be overcome when fluids are used in lubrication. (massagemag.com)
In addition, pumping high-viscosity displacing fluids tends to lead to clogging in oil wells, which results in a major economic well operating loss. (spe.org)
One potential solution is to use displacement fluids with an adjustable viscosity, with the fluid having a low viscosity at the injection site and a high viscosity upon reaching the oil phase. (spe.org)
Migration of spermatozoa in the female genital tract will be strongly influenced by the viscosity of the fluids encountered, yet little systematic analysis has been given to such a consideration. (springer.com)
Little systematic analysis has been given to the viscosity of female tract fluids, despite their influence on sperm movements and relevance to assessment of sperm fertilising potential. (springer.com)
The ability to effectively transport sand without the use of guar-based fluids has led to the development of friction reducers that build viscosity. (onepetro.org)
These new products, also known as high viscosity friction reducers (HVFR) generate viscosities comparable to or greater than linear gel fluids. (onepetro.org)
This study presents methodology used to screen HVFR's in various fluids and results on product performance, which identifies need for alternative specifications to viscosity. (onepetro.org)
A comparison of the viscosity versus the sand transport capacity of these fluids, suggests viscosity does not indicate sand carrying capacity. (onepetro.org)
A field that gives the relative inertia of each voxel, allowing for viscosity to take different density fluids into consideration. (sidefx.com)
The aim of this work is to study the existence of strong solutions for $3D$ fluids models with mass diffusion (also called Kazhikhov-Smagulov type system) assuming density dependent viscosity. (aimsciences.org)
Existing studies on the atomization mechanism concentrated mainly on low viscosity fluids including water and basic organic solvents. (scirp.org)
However, fluids including mono-/ polymer solutions and those used in olfactory systems or in sol-gel deposition can exhibit a significantly higher viscosity. (scirp.org)
This work concentrates on the atomization of aqueous glycerol solutions as model fluids with high viscosity. (scirp.org)

A simulation of liquids with different viscosities. (wikipedia.org)
For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water . (wikipedia.org)
For gases and non-polymeric liquids like water, viscosity is independent of the fluid ' s shear stress and history. (encyclopedia.com)
Liquids that have complex molecular structure viscosity will also tend to be higher because the molecules can become entangled. (encyclopedia.com)
Is the behavior universal (i.e., is the viscosity of all liquids described by the same underlying model)? (pnas.org)
While glass capillary tubes can be used for measuring the viscosity of low-viscosity liquids, he added, the cone-plate and concentric cylinder geometries are used for measuring more-complex, shear-dependent, viscoelastic behavior of food dispersions and gels. (ift.org)
The Viscosity of Liquids and its RelatIOU t Chemical Constitution. (alamy.com)
Thick or sticky liquids like honey have high viscosity, while thin, watery liquids have low viscosity. (eurekalert.org)
Commercial rheometers require large samples, take much longer, cost thousands of dollars, and are also commonly used to measure the viscosity of industrial liquids like oil, paint, or personal care products. (eurekalert.org)

The proportionality factor between the shear stress and the velocity difference between the plates is defined as the coefficient of viscosity or simply the viscosity of the fluid. (encyclopedia.com)
When looking at a value for viscosity, the number that one most often sees is the coefficient of viscosity. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The first number, followed by a 'W' for 'winter,' is a measure of an oil's viscosity at sub-zero temperatures, and lower viscosity gives better flow when cold. (kbb.com)
Thus, water is "thin," having a lower viscosity, while vegetable oil is "thick" having a higher viscosity. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
This behavior was explained within the framework of the molecular clutch model, with lower viscosity leading to a low force loading rate, preventing the exposure of mechanosensitive proteins, and with a higher viscosity causing a higher force loading rate exposing these sites, activating downstream pathways. (pnas.org)
Generally speaking, lower viscosity lubricants, such as oils, may stay on the skin longer. (massagemag.com)

Plasma is a Newtonian fluid, its viscosity does not depend on flow characteristics, therefore it is simple to measure, especially in capillary viscosimeters. (nih.gov)
A Newtonian fluid is known to have a constant viscosity even with changes in shear rate, for example water. (coleparmer.com)
Nevertheless the measurements are more complex as whole blood is a non-newtonian liquid and changes its viscosity with the applied shear stress. (theengineer.co.uk)
Blood behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid, which means that its viscosity changes depending on its velocity at any given time. (eurekalert.org)

This proportion means that the viscosity measurement will remain constant even after several viscosity measurements. (encyclopedia.com)
Rheology is stressful and strainful, M.A. (Andy) Rao told me jokingly when I asked him what challenges lie ahead in the measurement of viscosity and texture of foods. (ift.org)
The consistometer doesn't actually measure viscosity values directly: Its measurement is based on how far a fluid will flow down an incline in a certain time frame. (coleparmer.com)
Oil viscosity - the measurement of resistance to flow in oil - is a definite factor in the performance of your equipment. (deere.com)
The essence of the SAE request was to develop an HTHS viscosity measurement that correlates with engine performance, either in bearing wear or piston ring wear. (astm.org)

Enormously rich but satisfying beer, Older Viscosity is 100% straight Bourbon barrel-aged for a minimum of 9 months, taking full advantage of our Oak Aging program, adding levels of complexity and depth. (beeradvocate.com)
Older Viscosity is 100% straight, no chaser, Barrel-Aged Old Viscosity. (lostabbey.com)

Evaluation of plasma viscosity has been underutilized in the clinical practice. (nih.gov)
Plasma viscosity is determined by water-content and macromolecular components. (nih.gov)
The effect of a protein on plasma viscosity depends on its molecular weight and structure. (nih.gov)
Based on these favorable features, in 1942 plasma viscosity was recommended to substitute ESR. (nih.gov)
In hyperviscosity syndromes plasma viscosity is better in follow-up than ESR. (nih.gov)
Plasma fibrinogen concentration and plasma viscosity are elevated in unstable angina pectoris and stroke and their higher values are associated with higher rate of major adverse clinical events. (nih.gov)
Elevation of plasma viscosity correlates to the progression of coronary and peripheral artery diseases. (nih.gov)
In conclusion, plasma viscosity should be measured routinely in medical practice. (nih.gov)
Serum or plasma viscosity measurements have an important role in the clinical management of patients prone to hyperviscosity syndrome. (theengineer.co.uk)
and plasma viscosity and diastolic viscosity (low shear rate), which is affected by several factors such as stickiness of platelets, immune complexes that increase the aggregation of RBCs, triglycerides, cholesterol, and many more. (theengineer.co.uk)

This work extend to [1], where this technique has been used for the model with constant viscosity. (aimsciences.org)

Use of the Greek letter mu ( μ {\displaystyle \mu } ) for the dynamic viscosity (sometimes also called the absolute viscosity) is common among mechanical and chemical engineers, as well as mathematicians and physicists. (wikipedia.org)
Laboratory instruments that measure absolute viscosity (that can be quoted on a data sheet) are called viscometers and they express the result in a unit called the poise. (digitalfire.com)

Of greater interest to the polymer industry is a property known as intrinsic viscosity (IV). (cheresources.com)
We hypothesized that active mechanisms could compensate for intrinsic viscosity under physiological conditions to improve the efficiency of the heart-vessel coupling energy balance. (ahajournals.org)
Intrinsic viscosity is measured using the technique of dilute solution viscometry (DSV), which, as the name suggests, involves the analysis of low concentrations of polymer dissolved in an appropriate solvent. (thefreedictionary.com)

[1] The study of viscosity is known as rheology. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
So it is not surprising that glaze viscosity changes over time and things dissolve and impact rheology . (digitalfire.com)

Unfortunately, equilibrium-viscosity measurements cannot be carried out at temperatures much below the glass transition owing to the long structural relaxation time. (pnas.org)
31 companies answered confirming the importance of the investigation and the requirement of viscosity measurements more realistic and in line with to day's engine operating conditions. (sae.org)
at present, the only viscosity measurements on liquid helium have been made in Toronto 1 , and showed that there is a drop in viscosity below the λ-point by a factor of 3 compared with liquid helium at normal pressure, and by a factor of 8 compared with the value just above the λ-point. (nature.com)
From the measurements we can conclude that the viscosity of helium II is at least 1,500 times smaller than that of helium I at normal pressure. (nature.com)
Ideally it would be beneficial for a viscosity model to include standard viscosity parameters in a single expression that could be calibrated directly using standard viscosity measurements that are already in common use. (sae.org)
Steady state shear viscosity measurements suggest that sucrose-DNA interactions might play a role in determining the observed rheological behaviour of semidilute DNA solutions with sucrose as a component in the solvent. (springer.com)

This is because a force is required to overcome the friction between the layers of the fluid which are in relative motion: the strength of this force is proportional to the viscosity. (wikipedia.org)
For a given velocity pattern, the stress required is proportional to the fluid's viscosity. (wikipedia.org)
So for a tube with a constant rate of flow, the strength of the compensating force is proportional to the fluid's viscosity. (wikipedia.org)
Cell size and cytoskeletal organization were proportional to viscosity. (pnas.org)

The second stage now underway sees a new set of 9 test oils formulated using different polymer species commercially available, to be submitted to 22 "engine viscosity" and "viscosity rig" tests to define correlations where possible. (sae.org)
The current heuristics suggest that polymer flooding should be applied in reservoirs with oil viscosities between 10 and 150 cP (Taber et al. (spe.org)
The key factor limiting the recommended range is that for oil viscosities greater than 150 cP, the injected-water-viscosity values required for a favorable mobility ratio correspond to prohibitively low values of polymer injectivity. (spe.org)
It is also well-established that both polymer- and biopolymer-based viscosity modifiers usually degrade under high salinity and high temperatures. (spe.org)
In this work, we describe a novel adjustable viscosity modifier that can overcome the limitations of polymer-based -viscosity modifiers. (spe.org)
The invention relates to low-viscosity, low-monomer aqueous polymer dispersions based on polychloroprene, and a process for the preparation thereof and the use thereof as a contact adhesive. (freepatentsonline.com)
Viscosity of the polymer is typically from 2 to 8 Pa.s at 150 C. as formed and increases up to 100 Pa.s at 150 C. on addition of the metal cation. (google.com.au)
Similar to putting a thermometer into a turkey to see if its been cooked long enough, viscosity can reveal how well a polymer is developed. (cheresources.com)
Imagine someone handing you a solid cube of polymer and asking you to determine its viscosity. (cheresources.com)
Since polymer viscosities can range from 10 -2 to 10 12 poise, one testing method really doesn't cover them all. (cheresources.com)
Testing by solution viscosity starts with dissolving a polymer in a solvent (usually accompanied by gentle heat). (cheresources.com)
Relative viscosity is the ratio of the polymer viscosity to the solvent viscosity. (cheresources.com)

A fluid with a high viscosity, such as pitch , may appear to be a solid . (wikipedia.org)
at this slow shear rate the viscosity of paint is high and it resists the tendency to flow or sag. (encyclopedia.com)
High molecular weight polymers can have viscosity values in the millions of centipoises range. (encyclopedia.com)
That is why today's 'multi-viscosity' oils are engineered to protect an engine throughout its full range of operating temperatures, from extreme winter cold starts to long, hot, high-speed runs on the hottest summer days. (kbb.com)
As we have already mentioned, an abnormally low viscosity such as indicated by our experiments might indeed provide an explanation for the high thermal conductivity, and for the other anomalous properties observed by Allen, Peierls, and Uddin 2 . (nature.com)
In this paper a new single expression concept model has been explored refined and validated at both low and high shear rates and on both absolute and kinematic viscosity. (sae.org)
Improved very high viscosity (putty) two component polymerizable polyorganosiloxane composition for use in making dental impressions, having improved tear strength, handling and wettability. (google.com)
Handling is improved by the addition of a very high viscosity linear vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane which reduces tackiness and improves the shelf stability. (google.com)
We report a novel type of viscosity modifier relying on the supramolecular assemblies that have pH-adjustable viscosities and robust tolerance against high temperatures and salinities, and are resistant to shear-induced degradation. (spe.org)
For example, when the viscosity of reservoir oil is high, so should the displacing fluid be to match the mobility ratio. (spe.org)
Hence, high salt tolerance is a critical factor in the design of viscosity modifiers. (spe.org)
Shearing - Oil moving through a pump or motor system or exposed to high heat causes the molecular units to break or cut (shear), which lowers the viscosity and thins the oil. (deere.com)
Pebeo High Viscosity Studio Acrylic is the ultimate mixed media acrylic! (dickblick.com)
The correct viscosity grade of AMSOIL Synthetic Multi-Viscosity Hydraulic Oil is recommended for high- and low-pressure gear, vane and piston stationary and mobile hydraulic systems, including those with bronze metallurgy. (amsoil.com)
AMSOIL Synthetic Multi-Viscosity Hydraulic Oil is a high-performance replacement for manufacturer-branded products and is also backed by the AMSOIL Limited Warranty. (amsoil.com)
Thick, high viscosity oils are typically better at maintaining film strength to protect engines at high temperatures. (castrol.com)
Proppant Transport by a High Viscosity Friction Reducer. (onepetro.org)
Conversely, the viscosity of a slurry can be increased by the addition of a flocculant that makes it gel (if its specific gravity is high enough). (digitalfire.com)
It seems obvious that ones of high viscosity will apply thicker to ware and vice versa. (digitalfire.com)
OBJECTIVE -High-viscosity hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HV-HPMC) is a modified cellulose fiber that produces a viscous gel in the gastrointestinal tract. (diabetesjournals.org)
A good way to remember if high viscosity is thick or thin is to think of water: Water has no caffeine, no sugar, no salt and no viscosity. (cockeyed.com)
However, the extra accuracy of 64-bit floating point numbers may be needed when simulating fluid with very high viscosity or large variations in viscosity. (sidefx.com)
This setting can accelerate high resolution fluid simulations with high viscosity, when run on a fast GPU. (sidefx.com)
Master Bond 112LS is an optically clear, low viscosity epoxy that has been formulated for a variety of high performance applications. (prweb.com)

Consider the following quantities of viscosity: kinematic and dynamic. (coleparmer.com)

The correct viscosity grade will be displayed in your car handbook. (castrol.com)

The standard Gibbs free energy(Go), which might be considered as the excess freeenergy due to transformation to one dimensional shape could approximately be determined through replacing the concentration equilibrium constant by that of observed dynamic viscosity () divided by a factor 2x10-3Pa. (thefreedictionary.com)
This value is in units of kinematic viscosity (meters-squared / second), and should be equal to the minimum valid dynamic viscosity divided by the maximum valid fluid density. (sidefx.com)

We focus on three-parameter models only, with the goal of describing the universal physics of supercooled liquid viscosity in the most economical form possible. (pnas.org)

The important fact that liquid helium has a specific density p of about O.15, not very different from that of an ordinary fluid, while its viscosity μ is very small comparable to that of a gas, makes its kinematic viscosity v=μ/p extraordinary small. (nature.com)
Did you know that viscosity, friction, and density are all examples of a physical property. (bartleby.com)
Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of the viscosity of a fluid to its density or the resistance of a fluid to flow under gravity. (coleparmer.com)
where is the velocity vector, is the constant density of fluid, is the material time derivative, is the nabla operator, p the pressure, is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid and is the Laplacian operator. (thefreedictionary.com)
It is stated that kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to density. (physicsforums.com)

Gases also have a viscosity, but this property is harder to observe during ordinary circumstances. (reference.com)

However, the more correct definition is this: viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, or more precisely, it is the ratio of the force required to overcome internal friction between layers of fluid (shearing stress) to the change in speed between layers of fluid (velocity gradient). (coleparmer.com)
Dynamic viscosity is the ratio between the applied shear stress and rate of shear of a liquid or the measure of the resistance to the flow of liquid. (coleparmer.com)
The influences of the viscosity ratio, solvation and aggregation of nanodroplets and nanoparticles on the relative viscosity of nanofluids are considered. (mdpi.com)
The model takes into consideration the influences of the viscosity ratio, solvation and aggregation of nanoparticles/nanodroplets. (mdpi.com)
The same model is applicable to both nanoemulsions and nanosuspensions as it includes the effect of the viscosity ratio (ratio of droplet viscosity to matrix viscosity) on the relative viscosity of nanofluids. (mdpi.com)
More experimental work is needed on nanoemulsions to explore the effect of the viscosity ratio, especially at low values of the viscosity ratio. (mdpi.com)

It is commonly described as a resistance to pouring of a liquid, such as the viscosity different grades of automobile oil. (encyclopedia.com)
Santoprene 121-XXM200 TPV grades are claimed to exhibit a low dynamic viscosity , which the company say results in enhanced flow over a wide range of shear to produce moulded seals with excellent surface appearance and no flow marks. (thefreedictionary.com)

We add viscosity modifiers (VMs) to conventional oils to artificially provide that range,' Hsu explains. (kbb.com)
With that trend toward thinner and thinner oils, you still have to be able to keep the engine protected, and only a synthetic oil is capable of optimizing these low viscosities. (kbb.com)
Generally, thicker lubricants, such as lotions or creams, have a higher viscosity and so are better for deep tissue modalities, and thinner lubricants, such as oils, have a higher viscosity and allow for more glide with less surface tension. (massagemag.com)
A thinner 5-40 will be nearer to the lower end of the '40' range because it has less viscosity index improvers to expand to maintain the oils viscosity when hot. (modernvespa.com)
Multi-Viscosity Hydraulic Oil's naturally heat-resistant base oils resist thermal break-down and maintain their protective viscosity, allowing formation of a strong lubricating film for excellent wear protection. (amsoil.com)

Viscosity North America (Viscosity), a professional services leader in database, virtualization and cloud technologies, is excited to announce their 6th member of the Oracle ACE Program. (prlog.org)
Viscosity North America (Viscosity), a premier, niche consulting company, is pleased to announce their 5th member of the Oracle ACE Program. (prlog.org)
I'm the CEO and founder of a company called Viscosity North America. (quest.com)
The Asia Pacific accounts major share of the global viscosity reducer for crude oil market, followed by North America and Europe respectively. (openpr.com)

A rotational viscometer is disclosed for measuring the viscosity of a rotating fluid. (google.com)
2. A rotational viscometer according to claim 1 wherein the output device is a digital computer which determines the viscosity of the sample as a function of the restorative signal. (google.com)
The rated viscosity ν 1 , required for adequate lubrication, can be determined from diagram 1 , using the bearing mean diameter d m = (D + d)/2, mm, and the rotational speed of the bearing n, r/min. (skf.com)
The viscosity and elasticity were also measured using an advanced rotational rheometer. (onepetro.org)

This range of viscosity is always measured at 100c. (modernvespa.com)

an output device adapted to receive the restorative signal and provide a viscosity value which is a function of the displacement signal. (google.com)
1. An antibacterial formulation which comprises an alcohol mixed with sufficient viscosity increasing agent to provide a viscosity of about 5,000 to 150,000 cp to the formulation, said formulation being substantially free of antibacterial agents other than said alcohol. (freepatentsonline.com)
15. A formulation which comprises a relatively low viscosity, volatile antibacterial agent mixed with sufficient viscosity increasing agent to provide a viscosity of about 5,000 to 150,000 cp. (freepatentsonline.com)

The effect of viscosity of semen diluents on motility of bull spermatozoa. (springer.com)
Much less is known about the effect of viscosity on metabolic activity of bacteria. (frontiersin.org)

Another advantage of a good synthetic is that it can be engineered to deliver the ultra-low viscosity ratings that automakers are increasingly specifying to achieve better fuel economy. (kbb.com)
It's a 0W-10 ultra low viscosity concept engine lubricant developed by Shell, in collaboration with Gordon Murray Design, and in field use has shown up to a 6.5% improvement in fuel efficiency, a very tangible step up from the usual 2.5% gained in typical fuel economy lubricant development programmes. (paultan.org)

The very small kinematic viscosity of liquid helium II thus makes it difficult to measure the viscosity. (nature.com)
A Ford Cup being using to measure the viscosity of a casting clip. (digitalfire.com)

Viscosity is the material property which relates the viscous stresses in a material to the rate of change of a deformation (the strain rate). (wikipedia.org)
The word "viscosity" is derived from the Latin " viscum ", meaning mistletoe and also a viscous glue made from mistletoe berries. (wikipedia.org)
In common parlance, however, a liquid is said to be viscous if its viscosity is substantially greater than that of water, and may be described as mobile if the viscosity is noticeably less than water. (wikipedia.org)
the mechanosensitive YAP protein localized to the nucleus more on less-mobile (more-viscous) surfaces and differentiation of myoblast cells was enhanced on higher viscosity. (pnas.org)
Viscosity is the opposite of fluidity, a term also commonly used, viscous slurries are thick and thus lack fluidity. (digitalfire.com)
Bacteria are usually studied as planktonic cells in liquid media of low viscosity or as individuals integrated into a highly structured viscous environment of biofilms. (frontiersin.org)
However, the velocity field produced by the viscosity solve may no longer be divergence-free, so a typical viscous fluid solve will solve for non-divergence before and after the viscosity solve. (sidefx.com)

Extensional viscosity is widely used for characterizing polymers. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Currently, for oil recovery applications, most commonly used viscosity modifiers are water-soluble polymers such as hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (Taylor and Nasr-El-Din 1998). (spe.org)
While the above-mentioned viscosity modifiers can satisfy part of the oil recovery needs, these polymers still experience some challenges that hinder their effectiveness. (spe.org)
The above-mentioned polymers do not offer viscosities that can be controlled in such a fashion. (spe.org)
Viscosity is an important characteristic for all materials, especially polymers. (cheresources.com)
For polymers, viscosity is used as a measuring stick. (cheresources.com)
Primarily used for higher viscosity polymers, the melt index is a common testing method. (cheresources.com)
Istanbul, Turkey, June 5, 2015 - As global leader in concrete admixtures the Master Builders Solutions® experts have developed a new generation of polymers bringing a significant improvement in the rheological properties of concrete: MasterEase, a new admixture range developed for low-viscosity concrete. (basf.com)

The average person thinks of viscosity as how thick a liquid is, such as when waiting for ketchup to come out of the bottle. (coleparmer.com)

The fluid comprises a typically metabolizable antibacterial formulation having a viscosity of at least about 5,000 cp. (freepatentsonline.com)
The formulation is typically an alcohol plus a viscosity increasing agent. (freepatentsonline.com)
Dynamic viscosity is what is typically referred to when only the word viscosity is used. (coleparmer.com)

However, there is limited data available on how this viscosity correlates to the fluid's ability to transport sand. (onepetro.org)

The fact that the shear rate is not controlled in an MFR test means that the test actually exaggerates the real differences in melt viscosity that occur as a function of molecular weight. (thefreedictionary.com)

The dependence of the steady state uniaxial extensional viscosity on molecular weight, concentration and extension rate is measured with a view to determining if data collapse can be observed with an appropriate choice of variables. (springer.com)
Lipschitz dependence of viscosity solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations with respect to the parameter. (aimsciences.org)

The word viscosity describes how easily an engine oil flows. (castrol.com)

Furthermore, having an adjustable--viscosity displacement fluid can help to reduce pumping-related operational costs because pumping efficacy generally decreases as fluid viscosity increases. (spe.org)
Depending on the fluid viscosity, the produced aerosols have a monomodal or polymodal size distribution. (scirp.org)
The fluid viscosity hereby is expected to have a significant influence on the atomization mechanism and the obtainable droplet size. (scirp.org)

The 10-40 will have lots more viscosity index improvers which as the oil heats up will expand to maintain the oil viscosity at it's cold flow rate and thickness. (modernvespa.com)

These two values are compared to yield a relative viscosity . (cheresources.com)
The relative viscosity of a nanofluid is strongly affected by solvation of nanoparticles. (mdpi.com)
The scaling of the relative viscosity of nanoemulsions is successfully carried out using the volume fraction of the solvated nanodroplets. (mdpi.com)
Four sets of experimental relative viscosity data of nanoemulsions consisting of different diameter nanodroplets (27.5 nm-205 nm) all collapse on a single unique curve when the data are scaled on the basis of the volume fraction of the solvated nanodroplets. (mdpi.com)
A similar scaling is achieved using six sets of experimental relative viscosity data on nanosuspensions consisting of different diameter nanoparticles (29 nm-146 nm). (mdpi.com)

Viscosity measures a fluid's resistance to flow. (eurekalert.org)

Zero viscosity is observed only at very low temperatures in superfluids . (wikipedia.org)
So the latter will retain viscosity and lubricate better at higher temperatures. (kbb.com)
Unfortunately, existing viscosity models, such as the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) and Avramov-Milchev (AM) equations, exhibit systematic error when extrapolating to low temperatures. (pnas.org)
In order to consistently measure viscosity, oil is tested at one of two standard temperatures. (deere.com)
The SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) scale shows the viscosity of oil at both hot and cold temperatures. (castrol.com)
The first number followed by the letter W describes the viscosity of oil at low temperatures (the W stands for winter). (castrol.com)

Consequently, the understanding of how viscosity (regardless of matrix stiffness) influences cell response adds a further tool to engineer materials that control cell behavior. (pnas.org)
could you explain the quick sand behavior based on viscosity? (enotes.com)
In this work, aqueous glycerol solutions are atomized to investigate the influence of the viscosity on the droplet size and the general atomization behavior in a setup using standing surface acoustic waves (sSAW) and a fluid supply at the boundary of the acoustic path. (scirp.org)

This requirement was not fulfilled in the Toronto experiments, and the deduced value of viscosity thus refers to turbulent motion, and consequently may be higher by any amount than the real value. (nature.com)
for example, honey has a much higher viscosity than water . (wikipedia.org)
When blood has a higher viscosity than normal, it moves more slowly through the cardiovascular system, notes Everyday Health. (reference.com)
Higher viscosity lubricants, such as lotions or creams will be more helpful for sports massage, Swedish massage, myofascial work and trigger point therapy, among others. (massagemag.com)
for example, washing up liquid has a much higher viscosity than water. (alamy.com)
The author did not find a correlation between higher viscosity and better sand transport. (onepetro.org)
The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) increased up to 13-fold at higher viscosities. (frontiersin.org)
The gradient is expected to be even more pronounced with increasing viscosity, which reduces diffusion and may therefore decrease signaling efficiency at higher viscosities. (frontiersin.org)
In the case of blood, higher viscosity may signal potential problems, since the heart needs to work harder to pump sticky blood. (eurekalert.org)
Advanced concrete mixes often demonstrate a higher viscosity due to their low water contents. (basf.com)

This detailed market study covers viscosity reducer for crude oil market growth potentials which can assist the stake holders to understand key trends and prospects in viscosity reducer for crude oil market identifying the growth opportunities and competitive scenarios. (openpr.com)
According to the report, the viscosity reducer for crude oil market report highlights market opportunities and competitive scenarios for viscosity reducer for crude oil on a regional and global basis. (openpr.com)
Market size estimation and forecasts have been provided based on a unique research design customized to the dynamics of the viscosity reducer for the crude oil market. (openpr.com)
The viscosity reducer for the crude oil market has been segmented by type (oil-base, water-base), by application (extraction, transportation, refining). (openpr.com)
Historic back-drop for viscosity reducer for crude oil market has been analyzed according to organic and inorganic developments to provide precise market size estimations. (openpr.com)
Also, key factors impacting the growth of the viscosity reducer for the crude oil market have been identified with potential gravity. (openpr.com)
Asia Pacific region is the biggest contributor to the viscosity reducer for crude oil market owing to increased demand in the automotive industry, rapid urbanization & increasing disposable incomes. (openpr.com)
The North American and European markets are also poised to show tremendous growth in the viscosity reducer for crude oil market due to increasing demand in electronics industry & industrial applications. (openpr.com)
The Middle East is still an emerging player in the viscosity reducer for crude oil market. (openpr.com)
1) An overview of the global market for viscosity reducer for crude oil market and related technologies. (openpr.com)
3) Identification of new market opportunities and targeted consumer marketing strategies for global viscosity reducer for crude oil market. (openpr.com)
o Market size estimation of the viscosity reducer for the crude oil market on a regional and global basis. (openpr.com)
o Identification of major companies operating in the market with related developments o Exhaustive scope to cover all the possible segments helping every stakeholder in the viscosity reducer for crude oil market. (openpr.com)

Well suited for use on polymeric substrates in chip-on-board applications, the low viscosity of the AMICON 50300 LT epoxy glob top allows maximum flow in tight wire bonds where a dam material is not desired. (electronicdesign.com)

It has been found that the viscosity solution is the natural solution concept to use in many applications of PDE's, including for example first order equations arising in dynamic programming (the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation), differential games (the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation) or front evolution problems, as well as second-order equations such as the ones arising in stochastic optimal control or stochastic differential games. (wikipedia.org)
For first order equations, it can be obtained using the vanishing viscosity method or for most equations using Perron's method. (wikipedia.org)
This paper discusses viscosity solutions of general Hamilton-Jacobi equations in the time periodic case. (aimsciences.org)
Vanishing viscosity limits for space-time periodic Hamilton-Jacobi equations. (aimsciences.org)
Minimax and viscosity solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations in the convex case. (aimsciences.org)
On the vanishing contact structure for viscosity solutions of contact type Hamilton-Jacobi equations I: Cauchy problem. (aimsciences.org)
A system of the Hamilton--Jacobi and the continuity equations in the vanishing viscosity limit. (aimsciences.org)
How much error to allow in solving the viscosity equations. (sidefx.com)

Any errors in a viscosity prediction for the lubricant which might otherwise seem minor at atmospheric pressure are exacerbated by the near exponential response of viscosity to contact pressure. (sae.org)
If you are in a spa setting and your client simply wants a "relaxing massage" you will most likely want to choose a lubricant with a low viscosity so there is less friction and more glide. (massagemag.com)

The Dynamic Viscosity Of The Store Should Be Between 10 To 30 Poise For O. (thefreedictionary.com)

Experimentally obtained viscosities for 2018 products and earlier lavas from the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vents tightly constrain the viscosity threshold required for local stress-field reorientation. (nature.com)
Viscosity of the minimal M9 medium was experimentally manipulated with a thickening agent, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) that could not be used as a sole carbon source by Vibrio ruber DSM 14379. (frontiersin.org)

Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction . (newworldencyclopedia.org)

According to RheoSense, viscosity basically is the friction between the molecules of a liquid. (bartleby.com)
In simple terms, viscosity means friction between the molecules of fluid. (wikipedia.org)

The mean droplet size in the dominant droplet fraction, however, decreases with increasing viscosity. (scirp.org)

The internal friction of a fluid in motion and it's unofficial "thickness" can also be described in terms of the viscosity of a particular fluid. (reference.com)

First, the numbers are ratings of viscosity -- the rate of flow of a fluid -- based on SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) specified testing. (kbb.com)
If, however, we calculate the viscosity, assuming the flow to have been laminar, we obtain a value of the, order 10 −9 C.G.S., which is evidently still only an upper limit to the true value. (nature.com)
Viscosity Science Lab Purpose: To determine of changing the viscosity will affect the time it takes for a marble to flow through a liquid. (bartleby.com)
Well viscosity is the measure of the liquid's resistance to flow. (bartleby.com)
In general, in any flow, layers move at different velocities and the fluid's viscosity arises from the shear stress between the layers that ultimately opposes any applied force. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
use gravity to allow a fluid to flow through an orifice located at the bottom in a precise amount, which can be measured over time to calculate a viscosity value. (coleparmer.com)
Consistency, viscosity, and flow rates can all be verified against established standards. (coleparmer.com)
Viscosity denotes opposition to flow. (massagemag.com)
The viscosity of an oil is measured by its resistance to flow. (castrol.com)
Viscosity ensures laminar flow (in layers) of blood through the vessels, viscosity increasing over certain values aggravates circulation. (enotes.com)

Anatomy2

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes17

Disciplines and Occupations6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Health Care1

Properties of non-polymerizable tropomyosin obtained by carboxypeptidase A digestion. (1/2691)

Association and dissociation kinetics of bobwhite quail lysozyme with monoclonal antibody HyHEL-5. (2/2691)

Altered crossbridge kinetics in the alphaMHC403/+ mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (3/2691)

Acinar flow irreversibility caused by perturbations in reversible alveolar wall motion. (4/2691)

A three-month repeated oral administration study of a low viscosity grade of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in rats. (5/2691)

Single-polymer dynamics in steady shear flow. (6/2691)

Thiol oxidation of actin produces dimers that enhance the elasticity of the F-actin network. (7/2691)

Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase is partially diffusion-controlled. (8/2691)

Viscosity

Blood Viscosity

Rheology

Methylcellulose

Hematocrit

Erythrocyte Aggregation

Erythrocyte Deformability

Hemorheology

Hemodilution

Elasticity

Solutions

Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood

Plant Gums

Stress, Mechanical

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium

Diffusion

Gels

Dextrans

Galactans

Lubricants

Suspensions

Temperature

Gastrointestinal Contents

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

Water

Fibrinogen

Hydrodynamics

Emulsions

Solvents

Polymers

Plasma Substitutes

Mathematics

Erythrocytes

Technology, Pharmaceutical

Shear Strength

Psyllium

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Physicochemical Phenomena

Silicone Oils

Surface Tension

Chemistry, Physical

Physical Phenomena

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Isoxsuprine

Models, Biological

Povidone

Particle Size

Mineral Oil

Friction

Glycerol

Drug Compounding

Microfluidics

Properties of non-polymerizable tropomyosin obtained by carboxypeptidase A digestion. (1/2691)

Association and dissociation kinetics of bobwhite quail lysozyme with monoclonal antibody HyHEL-5. (2/2691)

Altered crossbridge kinetics in the alphaMHC403/+ mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (3/2691)

Acinar flow irreversibility caused by perturbations in reversible alveolar wall motion. (4/2691)

A three-month repeated oral administration study of a low viscosity grade of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in rats. (5/2691)

Single-polymer dynamics in steady shear flow. (6/2691)

Thiol oxidation of actin produces dimers that enhance the elasticity of the F-actin network. (7/2691)

Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase is partially diffusion-controlled. (8/2691)

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