Vaccinia virus
Receptors, Virus
Virus Replication
Virus Shedding
Simian virus 40
Virus Assembly
Defective Viruses
Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.
Sindbis Virus
The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.
Measles virus
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
Rabies virus
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype
A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1. The H5N1 subtype, frequently referred to as the bird flu virus, is endemic in wild birds and very contagious among both domestic (POULTRY) and wild birds. It does not usually infect humans, but some cases have been reported.
Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
Hepatitis B virus
The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.
West Nile virus
A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
Virus Activation
The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses (PROVIRUSES) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, IONIZING RADIATION, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus
Virus Latency
The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. Latency in bacteriophage is maintained by the expression of virally encoded repressors.
Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
Membrane glycoproteins from influenza viruses which are involved in hemagglutination, virus attachment, and envelope fusion. Fourteen distinct subtypes of HA glycoproteins and nine of NA glycoproteins have been identified from INFLUENZA A VIRUS; no subtypes have been identified for Influenza B or Influenza C viruses.
Vero Cells
Simian immunodeficiency virus
Cercopithecus aethiops
Mumps virus
Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human
Virion
Hepatitis A virus
Avian Sarcoma Viruses
Antiviral Agents
Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
Neutralization Tests
The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).
Viral Plaque Assay
Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.
Virus Attachment
BK Virus
Tumor Virus Infections
JC Virus
A species of POLYOMAVIRUS, originally isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The patient's initials J.C. gave the virus its name. Infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus.
Avian leukosis virus
Orthomyxoviridae
Bluetongue virus
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Sendai virus
Moloney murine leukemia virus
Virus Integration
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Yellow fever virus
Simplexvirus
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Myxoma virus
Virus Inactivation
Cowpox virus
Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, which is CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL. Viral cytopathogenic effects provide a valuable method for identifying and classifying the infecting viruses.
Variola virus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
Lassa virus
Norwalk virus
The type species in the genus NOROVIRUS, first isolated in 1968 from the stools of school children in Norwalk, Ohio, who were suffering from GASTROENTERITIS. The virions are non-enveloped spherical particles containing a single protein. Multiple strains are named after the places where outbreaks have occurred.
Influenza, Human
Encephalitis Viruses
Herpesvirus 1, Human
The type species of SIMPLEXVIRUS causing most forms of non-genital herpes simplex in humans. Primary infection occurs mainly in infants and young children and then the virus becomes latent in the dorsal root ganglion. It then is periodically reactivated throughout life causing mostly benign conditions.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
Hepacivirus
Genetic Vectors
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.
Herpesvirus 4, Human
Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne
Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human
Leukemia Virus, Feline
HIV Infections
Viral Structural Proteins
Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).
Cricetinae
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
Hepatitis Viruses
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Virulence
Recombination, Genetic
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Amino Acid Sequence
Cells, Cultured
Satellite Viruses
Defective viruses which can multiply only by association with a helper virus which complements the defective gene. Satellite viruses may be associated with certain plant viruses, animal viruses, or bacteriophages. They differ from satellite RNA; (RNA, SATELLITE) in that satellite viruses encode their own coat protein.
Oncolytic Viruses
Tumor-selective, replication competent VIRUSES that have antineoplastic effects. This is achieved by producing cytotoxicity-enhancing proteins and/or eliciting an antitumor immune response. They are genetically engineered so that they can replicate in CANCER cells but not in normal cells, and are used in ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY.
Orf virus
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 isolated from mature T4 cells in patients with T-lymphoproliferation malignancies. It causes adult T-cell leukemia (LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, ACUTE, HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED), T-cell lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, T-CELL), and is involved in mycosis fungoides, SEZARY SYNDROME and tropical spastic paraparesis (PARAPARESIS, TROPICAL SPASTIC).
Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral
A group of viruses in the genus PESTIVIRUS, causing diarrhea, fever, oral ulcerations, hemorrhagic syndrome, and various necrotic lesions among cattle and other domestic animals. The two species (genotypes), BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 , exhibit antigenic and pathological differences. The historical designation, BVDV, consisted of both (then unrecognized) genotypes.
Hepatitis E virus
Friend murine leukemia virus
Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse
Neuraminidase
Cell Transformation, Viral
Viral Core Proteins
Sarcoma Viruses, Murine
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.
Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype
HeLa Cells
Viral Load
Haplorhini
Leukemia Virus, Bovine
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
Hendra Virus
Open Reading Frames
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Transcription, Genetic
Virology
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
The type species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD), producing a silent infection in house and laboratory mice. In humans, infection with LCMV can be inapparent, or can present with an influenza-like illness, a benign aseptic meningitis, or a severe meningoencephalomyelitis. The virus can also infect monkeys, dogs, field mice, guinea pigs, and hamsters, the latter an epidemiologically important host.
DNA Primers
HIV-1
Borna disease virus
A species in the genus Bornavirus, family BORNAVIRIDAE, causing a rare and usually fatal encephalitic disease in horses and other domestic animals and possibly deer. Its name derives from the city in Saxony where the condition was first described in 1894, but the disease occurs in Europe, N. Africa, and the Near East.
Bunyamwera virus
Viral Interference
Retroviridae
Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.
Distemper Virus, Canine
Transfection
Gene Products, gag
Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. The products are usually synthesized as protein precursors or POLYPROTEINS, which are then cleaved by viral proteases to yield the final products. Many of the final products are associated with the nucleoprotein core of the virion. gag is short for group-specific antigen.
Viral Fusion Proteins
Rinderpest virus
Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype
Hepatitis Delta Virus
Herpesvirus 3, Human
RNA Replicase
RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
Chick Embryo
African Swine Fever Virus
Plasmids
Vaccines, Attenuated
Respirovirus
Reticuloendotheliosis virus
Disease Outbreaks
Rift Valley fever virus
Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine
A species of LENTIVIRUS, subgenus equine lentiviruses (LENTIVIRUSES, EQUINE), causing acute and chronic infection in horses. It is transmitted mechanically by biting flies, mosquitoes, and midges, and iatrogenically through unsterilized equipment. Chronic infection often consists of acute episodes with remissions.
Chickens
Infectious bronchitis virus
Herpesvirus 1, Suid
Cross Reactions
Torque teno virus
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype
AKR murine leukemia virus
Ectromelia virus
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype
Ross River virus
Enterovirus
Glycoproteins
West Nile Fever
A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)
Gene Products, env
Classical swine fever virus
Hepatitis B
Ferrets
Dengue
Proviruses
Inclusion Bodies, Viral
An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some inclusion bodies represent "virus factories" in which viral nucleic acid or protein is being synthesized; others are merely artifacts of fixation and staining. One example, Negri bodies, are found in the cytoplasm or processes of nerve cells in animals that have died from rabies.
Serial Passage
Culture Techniques
Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Ebolavirus
Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease
Acute disease of cattle caused by the bovine viral diarrhea viruses (DIARRHEA VIRUSES, BOVINE VIRAL). Often mouth ulcerations are the only sign but fever, diarrhea, drop in milk yield, and loss of appetite are also seen. Severity of clinical disease varies and is strain dependent. Outbreaks are characterized by low morbidity and high mortality.
SARS Virus
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Respirovirus Infections
Vesiculovirus
Detection of viruses and body fluids which may contain viruses in the domestic environment. (1/2188)
The domestic environment was investigated for the presence of viruses and body fluids that may contain viruses. A range of surfaces in 39 homes (17 visited on 2 occasions) were sampled by swabbing and analysed using cell culture, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for enteroviral RNA, haemoglobin as a marker for blood, amylase as an indicator of urine, saliva and sweat, and protein as an indicator of general hygiene. Haemoglobin was found on 1.9% of surfaces sampled and of the positive samples 30% were from articles frequently handled. Amylase (> 5 U/l) was found in 29.3% of samples tested. Protein was found in 97.8% of samples tested. Enteroviral RNA, indicating the presence of virus, was detected in 3 out of 448 samples tested; they were from a tap handle, telephone handpiece and a toilet bowl. No viruses were isolated in cell culture, however significant problems were encountered with bacterial and fungal contamination. This work demonstrates that only testing environmental samples for bacteria and ATP may not give a total view of the microbiological problem in the home. A range of test methods is useful to gain a broad view of the problems of hygiene in the home and to allow comparative studies of specific areas such as the kitchen and bathroom. (+info)Preclinical safety evaluation of human gene therapy products. (2/2188)
Human gene therapy products include naked DNA and viral as well as non-viral vectors containing nucleic acids. There is limited experience on the preclinical toxicity studies necessary for the safety evaluation of these products, which have been outlined in several recently released guidelines. Requirements for the preclinical safety evaluation of human gene therapy products are both specific and non-specific. All key preclinical studies should be performed in compliance with Good Laboratory Practices. Non-specific requirements are in fact common to all pharmaceutical products. Critical specific issues to be addressed are: the safety evaluation of the vector and the toxicity of the expressed protein(s), which are the two components of gene therapy products, the quality of the test article, the selection of animal species, and the verification that the administration method successfully transports the gene of interest, with the vector, to the target site(s). The treatment schedule should mimic the intended human therapeutic design. The host's immune response against the gene therapy product has to be evaluated to detect possible adverse effects and immune neutralization by antibodies. The biodistribution of the gene of interest is also essential and can be evaluated by molecular biology techniques, such as PCR. Specific confinement is required for the safe manipulation of viral vectors. (+info)Isolation of animal viruses from farm livestock waste, soil and water. (3/2188)
Ten porcine enteroviruses, 2 porcine adenoviruses and 1 coronavirus were isolated directly from 32 samples of slurry collected from a pig fattening house. Concentration of the same samples by adsorption with the polyelectrolyte PE-60 yielded 24 porcine enteroviruses and 3 porcine adenoviruses. A porcine enterovirus was isolated, following PE-60 concentration, from 1 to 6 slurry samples from a sow farrowing house. No virus was isolated from 12 samples of slurry from dairy cows nor from 6 slurry samples from a calf-rearing unit. A porcine enterovirus was isolated from soil samples, after concentration with PE-60, collected 1, 2 and 8 days after pig slurry was spread on hay stubble. Two porcine enteroviruses were isolated by membrane filtration from 26 samples of surface run-off from land on which pig slurry was routinely spread, and 2 bovine enteroviruses were isolated from cattle feedlot run-off after adsorption to layers of talc and celite followed by hydroextraction. A porcine enterovirus was also isolated from 1 of 33 samples of surface water collected on farms on which pig slurry was routinely spread on the land, but no virus was isolated from 36 samples of ground water from the same farms. The surface water and ground water samples were concentrated by talc-celite adsorption and hydroextraction. (+info)Gene transfer to human pancreatic endocrine cells using viral vectors. (4/2188)
We have studied the factors that influence the efficiency of infection of human fetal and adult pancreatic endocrine cells with adenovirus, murine retrovirus, and lentivirus vectors all expressing the green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP, MLV-GFP, and Lenti-GFP, respectively). Adenoviral but not retroviral vectors efficiently infected intact pancreatic islets and fetal islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) in suspension. When islets and ICCs were plated in monolayer culture, infection efficiency with all three viral vectors increased. Ad-GFP infected 90-95% of the cells, whereas infection with MLV-GFP and Lenti-GFP increased only slightly. Both exposure to hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and dispersion of the cells by removal from the culture dish and replating had substantial positive effects on the efficiency of infection with retroviral vectors. Studies of virus entry and cell replication revealed that cell dispersion and stimulation by HGF/SF may be acting through both mechanisms to increase the efficiency of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Although HGF/SF and cell dispersion increased the efficiency of infection with MLV-GFP, only rare cells with weak staining for insulin were infected, whereas approximately 25% of beta-cells were infected with Lenti-GFP. We conclude that adenovirus is the most potent vector for ex vivo overexpression of foreign genes in adult endocrine pancreatic cells and is the best vector for applications where high-level but transient expression is desired. Under the optimal conditions of cell dispersion plus HGF/SF, infection with MLV and lentiviral vectors is reasonably efficient and stable, but only lentiviral vectors efficiently infect pancreatic beta-cells. (+info)Transport of colloidal particles in lymphatics and vasculature after subcutaneous injection. (5/2188)
This study was designed to determine the transport of subcutaneously injected viral-size colloid particles into the lymph and the vascular system in the hind leg of the dog. Transport of two colloid particles, with average size approximately 1 and 0.41 microm, respectively, and with and without leg rotation, was tested. Leg rotation serves to enhance the lymph flow rates. The right femoral vein, lymph vessel, and left femoral artery were cannulated while the animal was under anesthesia, and samples were collected at regular intervals after subcutaneous injection of the particles at the right knee level. The number of particles in the samples were counted under fluorescence microscopy by using a hemocytometer. With and without leg rotation, both particle sets were rapidly taken up into the venous blood and into the lymph fluid. The number of particles carried away from the injection site within the first 5 min was <5% of the injected pool. Particles were also seen in arterial blood samples; this suggests reflow and a prolonged residence time in the blood. These results show that particles the size of viruses are rapidly taken up into the lymphatics and blood vessels after subcutaneous deposition. (+info)The complete genome sequence of the Streptomyces temperate phage straight phiC31: evolutionary relationships to other viruses. (6/2188)
The completed genome sequence of the temperate Streptomyces phage straight phiC31 is reported. straight phiC31 contains genes that are related by sequence similarities to several other dsDNA phages infecting many diverse bacterial hosts, including Escherichia, Arthrobacter, Mycobacterium, Rhodobacter, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus. These observations provide further evidence that dsDNA phages from diverse bacterial hosts are related and have had access to a common genetic pool. Analysis of the late genes was particularly informative. The sequences of the head assembly proteins (portal, head protease and major capsid) were conserved between straight phiC31, coliphage HK97, staphylococcal phage straight phiPVL, two Rhodobacter capsulatus prophages and two Mycobacterium tuberculosis prophages. These phages and prophages (where non-defective) from evolutionarily diverse hosts are, therefore, likely to share a common head assembly mechanism i.e. that of HK97. The organisation of the tail genes in straight phiC31 is highly reminiscent of tail regions from other phage genomes. The unusual organisation of the putative lysis genes in straight phiC31 is discussed, and speculations are made as to the roles of some inessential early gene products. Similarities between certain phage gene products and eukaryotic dsDNA virus proteins were noted, in particular, the primase/helicases and the terminases (large subunits). Furthermore, the complete sequence clarifies the overall transcription map of the phage during lytic growth and the positions of elements involved in the maintenance of lysogeny. (+info)Protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2 mediates the Jak-dependent activation of MAPK and Stat1 in IFN-gamma, but not IFN-alpha, signaling. (7/2188)
Two distinct types of interferon, IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma, commonly exhibit antiviral activities by transmitting signals to the interior of the cell via their homologous receptors. Receptor stimulation results in the activation of distinct combinations of Janus family protein tyrosine kinases (Jak PTKs); Jak1/Tyk2 and Jak1/Jak2 for IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma, respectively. Jak PTK activation by these IFNs is commonly followed by tyrosine phosphorylation of the transcription factor Stat1 at Y701, which is essential for dimerization, translocation to the nucleus and DNA-binding activity. To gain full transcriptional activity, Stat1 also requires serine phosphorylation at S727. In this paper we demonstrate that Pyk2, which belongs to another PTK family, is critical for the Jak-mediated MAPK and Stat1 activation by IFN-gamma, but not IFN-alpha. Pyk2 is selectively associated with Jak2 and activated by IFN-gamma. Overexpression of PKM, a dominant interfering form of Pyk2, in NIH 3T3 cells results in a strong inhibition of the IFN-gamma-induced activation of Erk2, serine phosphorylation of Stat1 and Stat1-dependent gene transcription. Finally, the antiviral action of IFN-gamma, but not IFN-alpha, is severely impaired by PKM overexpression. Thus, the two types of IFN may utilize distinct Jak-mediated Erk2, and possibly other MAPK activation pathways for their antiviral action. (+info)Molecular epidemiology and evolution of emerging infectious diseases. (8/2188)
Molecular epidemiology is an emerging science. The development of new and rapid protocols to isolate and identify pathogens, coupled with the sophisticated phylogenetic analysis of their gene sequences, is providing a new and fascinating insight into the biology, origin and spread of infectious diseases. In this essay, I describe some of the ways in which the techniques of modern molecular biology and evolution have equipped us to face the challenge of these new infections. (+info)APHL 2015 POSTER: EMERGING VIRUS DISCOVERY THROUGH NGS
The National Collection of Pathogenic Viruses (NCPV) from European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC)
Virus discovery | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Virus discovery Archives - Virology Down Under
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Host-Virus Interaction: How Host Cells Defend against Influenza A Virus Infection
PPT - An Introduction to Marine Viruses PowerPoint Presentation - ID:1956999
Evolutionary and Computational Virology
Multiple virus outbreaks - F-PROT Antivirus News
JCI -
Welcome
JCI -
Welcome
Resurrected drug fights multiple viruses - Scope
Rebecca Dutch | Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry
A new coronavirus which originated in dogs is infecting children - heres what you need to know | Sunderland Echo
virology - What would happen if you combined the worlds deadliest diseases & viruses? - Biology Stack Exchange
Clean Virus MSN : detects and removes MSN Messenger viruses
VirScan, identify your entire viral history with just one drop of your blood
Viral Nucleic Acids Page 10
Hayat Center - Diagnostic Procedures
Imaging a single virus | May 2007 | BioPhotonics
Viral Immunity: Mechanisms and Therapeutics - Summary
Virus discovery called breakthrough in fight against chronic fatigue syndrome - The Morning Call
General Laboratory Cleaning - LabCE.com, Laboratory Continuing Education
Satisfaction of Customers - Hand & Skin
NK cells in viral immunity | HSTalks
Diagnostic virology.
Diagnostic Virology Protocols 2010
Human virome - Wikipedia
Single mosquito bite might be enough to transmit multiple viruses, study finds - ABC News
ORBi: Browsing ORBi
Team: Host-virus interactions - Institut Cochin
share via email
Figure 2 - Evaluation of Viremia Frequencies of a Novel Human Pegivirus by Using Bioinformatic Screening and PCR - Volume 22,...
HCV T Cell Re-Vaccination Strategies using Simian Adeno and MVA Viral Vectors to Enhance and Maintain Anti-Viral Immunity - The...
The role of autophagy in innate anti-viral immunity in Drosophila - Sara Cherry
Microbiology Online: 2010-11-14
Microbiology Online: 2010
Endosomophagy clears disrupted early endosomes but not virus particles during virus entry into cells - Matters
Coursera - Virology II How Viruses Cause Disease - Other - Elite7Hackers Network
Missing link explains how viruses trigger immunity |...
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Role of Serologic Testing in Diagnosis and Assessment of Viral Immunity
Clinical and Diagnostic Virology - ΒΙΟ-Αναγνώσεις
Clinical and Diagnostic Virology - ΒΙΟ-Αναγνώσεις
Comparison of Respiratory Virus Detection Rates for Infants and Toddlers by Use of Flocked Swabs, Saline Aspirates, and Saline...
Antivirals | Pathway Medicine
virus [Closed] - Virus, Spyware, Malware Removal
science.ca View question #7
The Back Shed: MMedit web site
How Effective Is UV-C Disinfection | Bit Rebels
Sprout, Squidge and Moppet: #100daysofvideogames Day 6
Scientists will accelerate the diagnosis of infections - India Education | Latest Education News | Global Educational News |...
Secure your computer! NOW. - Page 2
Viral Culture
UNDERGRAD SEEKS FEEDBACK
Aids - Example of a Great Essay
How Viruses Travel Lab Investigation - CTValley Bio
Video: How Viruses Differ from Bacteria
Reverse Transcription | Brilliant Math & Science Wiki
Researchers reveal crucial immune fighter role of the STING protein
Buy Aklovir (Acyclovir) Online
altering DNA - Biology-Online
Viral Concentration Kit for Saliva and other Biofluids | evomic
RFA-HL-17-002: The Role of the Human Virome in Heart, Lung, and Blood Health and Resilience (R61/R33)
The vast virome | Science News
Ovid - Reviews in Medical Virology | Wolters Kluwer
viral infection - Posts
AMPLIRUN® TOTAL GASTROINTESTINAL BACTERIAL PANEL CONTROL - Vircell
Marine viruses
It is estimated viruses kill 20% of the microorganism biomass each day and that there are 15 times as many viruses in the ... Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas ... A marine virus is more likely to infect cooccurring organisms, those that live in the same region the virus lives in. Therefore ... Viruses are still one of the largest areas of unexplored genetic diversity on Earth. Viruses are now recognised as ancient and ...
Algae viruses
Algal viruses are the viruses infecting photosynthetic single-celled eukaryotes, algae. As of 2020, there were 61 viruses known ... DNA viruses, are the best studied subgrouping of algae-infecting viruses This is especially true for the dsDNA virus family, ... ssDNA viruses, like the group of diatom infecting viruses Bacilladnaviridae, have been discovered RNA viruses also attack algal ... There are dsRNA viruses like those belonging to the Reoviridae family that infect Micromonas pusilla and ssRNA viruses like ...
HyperCard viruses
"Merryxmas Virus". Virus Test Center. University of Hamburg. Archived from the original on 10 June 2007. Anbinder, Mark H. (31 ... "HyperCard Viruses". HyperActive Software. Retrieved 15 March 2021. Harley, David (3 October 2011). "HyperCard Viruses? You're ... Soon after the release of HyperCard in 1987, computer viruses appeared that targeted the application. The viruses were written ... Szor, Peter (2005). The Art of Computer Virus Research and Defense. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Addison-Wesley. pp. 91-92. ...
Viruses (journal)
Viruses is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by MDPI covering all aspects of virology. It was ... "Scopus preview - Scopus - Viruses". Official website (Articles with short description, Short description is different from ... ". "Affiliated Societies". Viruses. MDPI. Retrieved 2018-12-28. "Journals Ranked by Impact: Virology". 2018 Journal Citation ...
Porcine viruses
... may refer to: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Porcine ... circovirus Porcine parvovirus This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Porcine viruses. If an internal ...
Herpes Viruses Association
The Herpes Viruses Association (formerly the Herpes Association) was started in 1982. It is a support group for people with ... Herpes simplex virus. It conducts information campaigns and attempts to reduce the stigma associated with sexually transmitted ... ". "The Herpes Viruses Association". Archived from the original on 2015-01-13. "Gynaecological infections". Nursing in practice ...
Palm OS viruses
While some viruses did exist for Palm OS based devices, very few were ever designed. Typically, mobile devices are difficult ... Virus that infects handheld devices that run Palm OS. It was discovered on September 22, 2000. For more information, see http ... for virus writers to target, since their simplicity provides fewer security holes to target compared to a desktop. Distributed ...
Human parainfluenza viruses
... (HPIVs) are the viruses that cause human parainfluenza. HPIVs are a paraphyletic group of four ... These viruses are closely associated with both human and veterinary disease. Virions are approximately 150-250 nm in size and ... The viruses can be detected via cell culture, immunofluorescent microscopy, and PCR. HPIVs remain the second main cause of ... In immunosuppressed people, parainfluenza virus infections can cause severe pneumonia, which can be fatal. HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 ...
Introduction to viruses
When a virus infects a cell, the virus forces it to make thousands more viruses. It does this by making the cell copy the ... There are many ways in which viruses spread from host to host but each species of virus uses only one or two. Many viruses that ... Some viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, often cause cells to proliferate without causing malignancy; but some other viruses, ... The coevolution, or "virus-first" hypothesis, conflicts with the definition of viruses, because viruses depend on host cells. ...
Rule of six (viruses)
These RNA viruses have genes made from RNA and not DNA, and their whole genome - that is the number of nucleotides - is always ... This is because during their replication, these viruses are dependent on nucleoprotein molecules that each bind to six ...
Social history of viruses
There are numerous causes, including viruses - particularly hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. ... yellow fever virus, dengue virus and Pappataci fever virus. More than 100 of such viruses are now known to cause human diseases ... Breitbart M, Rohwer F (2005). "Here a virus, there a virus, everywhere the same virus?". Trends in Microbiology. 13 (6): 278- ... the virus spread throughout East Africa. Human activity introduced plant viruses to native crops. The citrus tristeza virus ( ...
Double-stranded RNA viruses
Viruses portal Animal virology List of viruses RNA virus TLR3 Virology Virus classification "Double-stranded RNA virus ... Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ... 2008). "The Yeast dsRNA Virus L-A Resembles Mammalian dsRNA Virus Cores". Segmented Double-stranded RNA Viruses: Structure and ... Double-stranded RNA viruses evolved two separate times from positive-strand RNA viruses. In the Baltimore classification system ...
Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV) is a name for a group of viruses that infect grapevine. Obscure mealybugs ( ... "Introduction of Grapevine virus B and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 testing in sanitary selection of grapevine" (PDF). ... 623 Leafroll viruses are associated with rugose wood condition of grapevine. Maree HJ, Almeida RP, Bester R, Chooi KM, Cohen D ... "Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3". Front Microbiol. 4: 82. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00082. PMC 3627144. PMID 23596440. ...
Human viruses in water
... human Influenza virus or avian influenza viruses respectively). Different viruses can have different routes of transmission; ... Viruses can cause massive human mortality. The smallpox virus killed an estimated 10 to 15 million human beings per year until ... Viruses need a suitable environment to survive in. There are many characteristics that control the survival of viruses in water ... Enteric viruses primarily infect the intestinal tract through ingestion of food and water contaminated with viruses of fecal ...
Transmission of plant viruses
... is the movement of plant viruses between organisms. Viruses are known to infect both plant cells ... MicrobiologyBytes: Plant viruses Vectors of Plant Viruses Descriptions of Plant Viruses (Wikipedia introduction cleanup from ... The virus commonly uses these methods to be passed from one host to another. However, the virus is dependent upon physical ... Vectors either transmit the virus propagative transmission, which results in an amplification of the virus by replication ...
Viruses of the Mind
... how can it conceivably be regarded as analogous to a virus?" Speciesism#"Discontinuous mind" The concept of language as a virus ... "Viruses of the Mind" is an essay by British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, first published in the book Dennett and His ... Dawkins's God p. 136 citing Koenig and Cohen The Link between Religion and Health OUP 2002 Viruses of the Mind Alt URL ( ... "virus of religion", providing examples for most of them, and tries to define a connection between the elements of religion and ...
Comparison of computer viruses
List of computer worms Timeline of computer viruses and worms Palm OS viruses HyperCard viruses Linux malware Conficker Creeper ... which list viruses in active circulation, and lists of all known viruses, which also contain viruses believed not to be in ... they usually study and name the viruses independently. By the time the virus is identified, many names denote the same virus. ... listing of the Latest Viruses by Symantec. List of all viruses All viruses cataloged in Panda Security's Collective ...
Virus
A virus has either a DNA or an RNA genome and is called a DNA virus or an RNA virus, respectively. The vast majority of viruses ... Other viruses, such as rabies virus, can infect different species of mammals and are said to have a broad range. The viruses ... Quote: "Virus: virus (s.n. II), gen. sing. viri, nom. pl. vira, gen. pl. vīrorum (to be distinguished from virorum, of men)." ... RNA viruses Replication of RNA viruses usually takes place in the cytoplasm. RNA viruses can be placed into four different ...
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
... is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering virology, published by John Wiley & Sons ... Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the first journal to specialise exclusively on influenza and other respiratory ... Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses". 2020 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Clarivate Analytics. ... viruses and strives to play a key role in the dissemination of information in this broad and challenging field. It is aimed at ...
List of zoonotic primate viruses
The following list of primate viruses is not exhaustive. Many viruses specific to non-human primates nevertheless are known to ...
Canna virus
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), cannas are susceptible to this virus, but none found yet in England. Canna yellow streak virus ( ... ICTVdB - Tomato aspermy virus. New Disease Reports. ICTVdB - Cucumber Mosaic Virus RHS article on Canna virus. MEDWORM search ... Canna yellow mottle virus, a non-enveloped small-bacilliform virus in Canna sp. Annals of Phytopathological Society of Japan 51 ... Known species of virus are: Canna yellow mottle badnavirus (CYMV) infecting canna species. Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) ...
Magboi virus
Sangassou virus Bat-borne virus Weiss S, Witkowski PT, Auste B, Nowak K, Weber N, Fahr J, et al. Hantavirus in bat, Sierra ... Magboi virus (MGBV) is a novel, bat-borne Orthohantavirus discovered in a slit-faced bat trapped near the Magboi Stream in ... It is a single-stranded, negative sense, RNA virus in the Bunyavirales order. The discovery represented the first time a ... Calisher CH, Childs JE, Field HE, Holmes KV, Schountz T Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev ...
Virus (comics)
Virus is a Dark Horse Comics comic book, written by Chuck Pfarrer, drawn by Canadian artist Howard Cobb and first published in ... It was adapted into the 1999 science fiction horror film Virus, directed by John Bruno. Dark Horse Comics, June 1995, ISBN 1- ...
Quokkapox virus
... (QPV), also known as quokka poxvirus, marsupial papillomavirus, or marsupialpox virus, is a dsDNA virus that ... Virus-related cutaneous conditions, Species described in 1972, Infraspecific virus taxa, Marsupial diseases, All stub articles ... It is unclear whether this virus is its own species or a member of another species. It primarily infects the quokka, which is ... Because the quokka host primarily lives on isolated islands in Western Australia, the range of the virus is limited as well. It ...
Turkeypox virus
Juncopox virus, Mynahpox virus, Psittacinepox virus, Sparrowpox virus, Starlingpox virus, Pigeonpox virus, Canarypox virus and ... Turkeypox virus is a virus of the family Poxviridae and the genus Avipoxvirus that causes turkeypox. It is one of the most ... Turkeypox virus, like other Avipoxviruses, is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus with a large, linear genome of ... but most of our knowledge comes from the study of fowlpox virus and canarypox virus as they are the only species with full ...
Ngari virus
... (NRIV) is a single-stranded, negative sense, tri-segmented RNA virus. It is a subtype of the Bunyamwera virus (BUNV ... Furthermore, the virus has previously been found within goats and sheep in Mauritania. The virus has been reported primarily in ... Humans that are infected by the virus typically develop severe or fatal hemorrhagic fever. Ngari virus was first isolated in ... Gerrard, Sonja R.; Li, Li; Barrett, Alan D.; Nichol, Stuart T. (August 2004). "Ngari virus is a Bunyamwera virus reassortant ...
Alien Virus
But ultimately, Alien Virus proved to be too much of a snooze to be worth it." Computer Game Review was similarly lukewarm on ... Alien Virus is a video game developed by Trecision and released in 1994 for MS-DOS. The player character, a pilot named Joshua ... Computer Gaming World gave Alien Virus 2 stars and stated that "This game is fun to play and an improvement on the old text ... While you're en route, the stations gets infected with a mysterious--you guessed it!--Alien Virus. Okay, so this isn't so very ...
Herpes virus
... may refer to: Any member of the large family of DNA viruses known as Herpesviridae Human herpesviruses, nine types ... or Epstein-Barr virus, one of the most common viruses which can cause various diseases Human betaherpesvirus 5 Roseolovirus, a ... Herpes simplex virus-associated diseases, overview of diseases associated with a Herpes simplex virus This disambiguation page ... any infection caused by Herpes simplex virus 1 or 2 Herpes labialis, also called cold sores, painful blistering of the lip ...
Tioman virus
Hendra virus, Menangle virus, Nipah virus) suggests the possibility that it may cause disease upon crossing the species barrier ... The virus was discovered during efforts to identify the natural host of Nipah virus which was responsible for a large outbreak ... Tioman virus is antigenically related to Menangle virus which is also harboured by Pteropid fruit bats and caused an outbreak ... Tioman virus is a paramyxovirus first isolated from the urine of island fruit bats (Pteropus hypomelanus) on Tioman Island, ...
Virus (wrestler)
Virus held the title for 392 days before losing it back to Rocky Romero. In 2005 Virus was turned Rudo once more and generally ... In 2013 Virus team member Vangelis won the tournament, and in 2015 "Team Virus" member Boby Zavala won the tournament. ... In early 1998 he made his debut as part of the regular-sized division under the name "Virus", no mention was made that Virus ... "Entravista con Virus: El Pequeño Gran Maestro" [Interview with Virus:: The little grand master]. Lucha 2000 (in Spanish). June ...
Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs) | CDC
Mosquitoes Test Positive for West Nile Virus in Lake County
Illinois has tested positive for West Nile virus. This mosquito pool is the first confirmed indicator of West Nile virus ... Most people infected with West Nile virus have no symptoms of illness. However, some may become ill usually 3 to 15 days after ... Mosquitoes Test Positive for West Nile Virus in Lake County. Lake County, Illinois sent this bulletin at 06/28/2022 01:00 PM ... Culex pipiens mosquitoes, which are the primary carriers of West Nile virus, are most abundant when the weather is hot. ...
virus mutation | PBS NewsHour
Declude.Virus] Declude Crashes
... Linda Pagillo Thu, 16 Apr 2009 07:52:13 -0700 ... To unsubscribe, just send an E-mail to [email protected], and type unsubscribe Declude.Virus. The archives can be found at ... This E-mail came from the Declude.Virus mailing list. ...
Powassan Virus | Mass.gov
What is Powassan virus? Powassan virus causes a rare, but often serious disease, and is spread by the bite of tiny, infected ... How is Powassan virus spread?. Powassan virus is spread by the bite of an infected tick. In Massachusetts, the black-legged ... When am I at risk from Powassan virus?. Cases of Powassan virus disease can occur any time ticks are active. Young ticks ( ... What are the symptoms of Powassan virus disease?. Although most people who are exposed to Powassan virus likely never feel ill ...
RAID & Viruses | Overclockers Forums
How does a virus affect information stored in a RAID config? Thinking about using a RAID config. TIA ... How does a virus affect information stored in a RAID config?. Thinking about using a RAID config. TIA ... If you get a virus all your disk storage could get screwed whether you have raid or not. ...
Killing the virus
What Travelers Need to Know About the Zika Virus
Zambrano likened the virus to other mosquito-borne tropical diseases that can lead to GBS, such as Chikungunya virus and Dengue ... See Also: Tips for protecting yourself against the Zika virus. Kevin Farrell is a travel, hospitality, and technology ... "Of course" the virus will impact the festivities, he says. "At an event as big as the Olympic Games, which [will attract] ... "People need to know that [Zika] is far less dangerous than other outbreaks, like the Ebola virus, SARS, or H1N1 (swine flu)." ...
Corona Virus Updates, page 208
Its still more corona virus, but even then, it interacts with our immune system nothing at all like the corona viruses that ... According to this paper the virus may have an R0 = 4.08 coupled with potential "super-spreaders" I would think spells big ... According to this paper the virus may have an R0 = 4.08 coupled with potential "super-spreaders" I would think spells big ... Pfizer Admits To Engineering Viruses, Validates Project Veritas Video, Investigation Launched. Diseases and Pandemics: 8 hours ...
ESET Anti-Virus
Zika Virus: MedlinePlus
Most people who get the virus do not get sick. A blood test can tell if you have Zika. ... Zika is a virus that is spread by mosquitoes. ... Zika Virus Disease (World Health Organization) * Zika Virus ... Zika Virus (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) * Zika Virus: Protecting Pregnant Women and Babies (Centers ... There have also been reports that the virus has spread through blood transfusions. There have been outbreaks of Zika virus in ...
The Anti-virus Times - Infinite horizons
Read issues of the Anti-virus Times-youll be up to speed on todays Internet threats and learn how to neutralise them ... Add the Anti-virus Times informer code to your page and all Anti-virus Times issues will become available to your sites ... About the Dr.Web virus library and the importance of anti-virus updates ... About the Dr.Web virus library and the importance of anti-virus updates ...
Help with possible Virus
However when I do a virus scan in this Windows VM using AVG and Avast they both say my system is clean and safe. I dont know ... Today I did a virus scan on my mac in snow leopard using avast for mac. It says that these files are infected by a trojan Win32 ... Re: Help with possible Virus « Reply #1 on: April 28, 2010, 10:13:15 AM » ... Re: Help with possible Virus « Reply #2 on: April 28, 2010, 01:11:36 PM » ...
Innate Immune Evasion Strategies of Influenza Viruses
The molecular details of the influenza virus-host interplay are discussed in this article as well as how researchers are using ... Influenza virus antagonism of innate immunity *. Influenza viruses have evolved numerous strategies in order to evade the host ... Influenza viruses *. In humans, influenza virus infection is usually limited to the upper respiratory tract. In certain severe ... Influenza A viruses use two mechanisms to counteract the powerful antiviral activity of PKR.[125] First, influenza A virus ...
ArboCat Virus: Patois (PATV)
ArboCat Virus: Matariya (MTYV)
NIH researchers discover highly infectious vehicle for transmission of viruses among humans | NHLBI, NIH
In addition, they found that these virus-containing vesicles were significantly more infectious than the free, unbound viruses ... Previously, it was believed that these viruses only spread through individual virus particles. The discovery of these clusters ... A group of membrane-bound viruses arrives at a host cell and deposits viruses in the cell while dodging detection by the immune ... The researchers studied norovirus and rotavirus--hard-to-treat viruses that are the most common cause of stomach illness, or ...
polyomaviruses | Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food
Emergent viruses in water and the use of polyomaviruses and adenoviruses as indicators of the quality of water. ... Emergent viruses in water and the use of polyomaviruses and adenoviruses as indicators of the quality of water. ... Read more about Emergent viruses in water and the use of polyomaviruses and adenoviruses as indicators of the quality of water ... Read more about Emergent viruses in water and the use of polyomaviruses and adenoviruses as indicators of the quality of water ...
Browsing by Subject "Zoonotic influenza viruses"
What's making you fat? - the answer could be a virus!
... a common virus (adenovirus-36), that causes throat and eye infections may play a part in obesity. ... Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus detection using ribonucleic acid sequencing among smokers ... Dhurandhar says the virus adenovirus-36 or Ad-36, caused animals to pack on the pounds in earlier lab experiments and the ... He says some people might find it hard to believe that a virus could be responsible for obesity and says there are multiple ...
Infections and Problems from Bacteria, Viruses, Molds and Fungi
WHO team visits Wuhan virus lab at center of speculation - Times of India
... to the Wuhan Institute of Virology was a highlight of their mission to gather data and search for clues as to where the virus ... One possibility is that a wildlife poacher might have passed the virus to traders who carried it to Wuhan.. The first clusters ... It should be noted that virus traceability is a complex scientific issue, and we need to provide sufficient space for experts ... One of Chinas top virus research labs, the Wuhan Institute of Virology built an archive of genetic information about bat ...
Massachusetts health officials confirm Zika virus case in state - masslive.com
... though the virus cannot be spread from one infected person to others. ... State health officials have confirmed one case of the Zika virus in Massachusetts and said additional cases will not come as a ... The virus had been confined to Africa and Asia until 2015, when it was first discovered on Easter Island, off the coast of ... Only people who have or are planning to travel to places with ongoing Zika virus outbreaks are at risk for getting the disease ...
Loeffler Reports $1.4 Million in Trades Amid Virus-Fueled Market Rout
Does hand sanitizer kill bacteria and viruses? - The Chart - CNN.com Blogs
You put it on your hands and viruses simply dont want to cling to it. So it does reduce the amount of a virus that can cling ... Does hand sanitizer kill bacteria and viruses?. As a new feature of CNNhealth.com, our team of expert doctors will answer ... At the end of the day, basic principles apply to avoid getting a virus. Avoid touching your mouth, eyes and nose as much as ... Try this on Does hand sanitizer kill bacteria and viruses?. *western panel rugs on FDA recommends lowering Celexas maximum ...
Transmission of Viruses in Droplets and Aerosols in the Built Environment | ASCE
... we will explore how viruses are transported through air and what steps we can take to reduce exposure to them. ... In this webinar, we will explore how viruses are transported through air and what steps we can take to reduce exposure to them. ... Transmission of Viruses in Droplets and Aerosols in the Built Environment. *Home ...
virus del papiloma humano - Center for Young Women's Health
Flu
The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It presents a fascinating l... ... But no one had ever seen a virus-electron microscopes had not been invented and viruses are far too small to be seen with ... And no one understood what viruses were, since DNA and RNA, the genetic material of viruses and the clues to their ... and that the viruses die in hours if left alone with no cells to infect. They know what the flu viruses look like-under an ...
Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity
How viruses emerge to cause pandemics, how our immune system combats them, and how diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral ... How viruses emerge to cause pandemics, how our immune system combats them, and how diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral ... They speak from a deep understanding of the viruses and the bodys response to viral infections. A great book for people who ... Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity by Arup K. Chakraborty and Andrey S. Shaw ...
Spain's far-right holds car protest against virus lockdown | The Seattle Times
Spains far-right holds car protest against virus lockdown May 23, 2020 at 5:17 am Updated May 23, 2020 at 10:38 pm ... Abascal and another leading Vox politician both fell ill with the virus after holding a massive party rally in early March. The ... The government says that all the information it makes public on virus deaths and infections are provided by the regions, some ... Follow AP coverage of the virus outbreak at https://apnews.com/VirusOutbreak and https://apnews.com/UnderstandingtheOutbreak ...