Virus integration. Medical search

Insertion of viral DNA into host-cell DNA. This includes integration of phage DNA into bacterial DNA; (LYSOGENY); to form a PROPHAGE or integration of retroviral DNA into cellular DNA to form a PROVIRUS.

A member of the c-ets family of transcription factors that is preferentially expressed in cells of hematopoietic lineages and vascular endothelial cells. It was originally identified as a protein that provides a retroviral integration site for integration of FRIEND MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS.

Species of GAMMARETROVIRUS, containing many well-defined strains, producing leukemia in mice. Disease is commonly induced by injecting filtrates of propagable tumors into newborn mice.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Recombinases that insert exogenous DNA into the host genome. Examples include proteins encoded by the POL GENE of RETROVIRIDAE and also by temperate BACTERIOPHAGES, the best known being BACTERIOPHAGE LAMBDA.

A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) arising during the propagation of S37 mouse sarcoma, and causing lymphoid leukemia in mice. It also infects rats and newborn hamsters. It is apparently transmitted to embryos in utero and to newborns through mother's milk.

Duplex DNA sequences in eukaryotic chromosomes, corresponding to the genome of a virus, that are transmitted from one cell generation to the next without causing lysis of the host. Proviruses are often associated with neoplastic cell transformation and are key features of retrovirus biology.

Normal cellular genes homologous to viral oncogenes. The products of proto-oncogenes are important regulators of biological processes and appear to be involved in the events that serve to maintain the ordered procession through the cell cycle. Proto-oncogenes have names of the form c-onc.

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.

An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.

Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.

Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.

Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.

The procedures involved in combining separately developed modules, components, or subsystems so that they work together as a complete system. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.

The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.

The type species of LYSSAVIRUS causing rabies in humans and other animals. Transmission is mostly by animal bites through saliva. The virus is neurotropic multiplying in neurons and myotubes of vertebrates.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1. The H5N1 subtype, frequently referred to as the bird flu virus, is endemic in wild birds and very contagious among both domestic (POULTRY) and wild birds. It does not usually infect humans, but some cases have been reported.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 3 and neuraminidase 2. The H3N2 subtype was responsible for the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968.

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

A group of viruses in the PNEUMOVIRUS genus causing respiratory infections in various mammals. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have also been reported.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses (PROVIRUSES) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, IONIZING RADIATION, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. Latency in bacteriophage is maintained by the expression of virally encoded repressors.

The type species of VESICULOVIRUS causing a disease symptomatically similar to FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cattle, horses, and pigs. It may be transmitted to other species including humans, where it causes influenza-like symptoms.

Membrane glycoproteins from influenza viruses which are involved in hemagglutination, virus attachment, and envelope fusion. Fourteen distinct subtypes of HA glycoproteins and nine of NA glycoproteins have been identified from INFLUENZA A VIRUS; no subtypes have been identified for Influenza B or Influenza C viruses.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Viruses that produce tumors.

Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). The genetic organization of SIV is virtually identical to HIV.

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

Group of alpharetroviruses (ALPHARETROVIRUS) producing sarcomata and other tumors in chickens and other fowl and also in pigeons, ducks, and RATS.

Bacterial proteins that are used by BACTERIOPHAGES to incorporate their DNA into the DNA of the "host" bacteria. They are DNA-binding proteins that function in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational regulation.

The type species of RUBULAVIRUS that causes an acute infectious disease in humans, affecting mainly children. Transmission occurs by droplet infection.

A species of RESPIROVIRUS also called hemadsorption virus 2 (HA2), which causes laryngotracheitis in humans, especially children.

Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses.

Viruses which produce a mottled appearance of the leaves of plants.

The type species of ALPHARETROVIRUS producing latent or manifest lymphoid leukosis in fowl.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.

A species of ALPHAVIRUS isolated in central, eastern, and southern Africa.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.

The binding of virus particles to receptors on the host cell surface. For enveloped viruses, the virion ligand is usually a surface glycoprotein as is the cellular receptor. For non-enveloped viruses, the virus CAPSID serves as the ligand.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS apparently infecting over 90% of children but not clearly associated with any clinical illness in childhood. The virus remains latent in the body throughout life and can be reactivated under certain circumstances.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

Viruses whose taxonomic relationships have not been established.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS, originally isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The patient's initials J.C. gave the virus its name. Infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus.

A family of RNA viruses causing INFLUENZA and other diseases. There are five recognized genera: INFLUENZAVIRUS A; INFLUENZAVIRUS B; INFLUENZAVIRUS C; ISAVIRUS; and THOGOTOVIRUS.

The type species of ORBIVIRUS causing a serious disease in sheep, especially lambs. It may also infect wild ruminants and other domestic animals.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The type species of RESPIROVIRUS in the subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE. It is the murine version of HUMAN PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 1, distinguished by host range.

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. The type species is HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN.

The type species of the FLAVIVIRUS genus. Principal vector transmission to humans is by AEDES spp. mosquitoes.

The type species of TOBAMOVIRUS which causes mosaic disease of tobacco. Transmission occurs by mechanical inoculation.

Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.

The type species of LEPORIPOXVIRUS causing infectious myxomatosis, a severe generalized disease, in rabbits. Tumors are not always present.

Inactivation of viruses by non-immune related techniques. They include extremes of pH, HEAT treatment, ultraviolet radiation, IONIZING RADIATION; DESICCATION; ANTISEPTICS; DISINFECTANTS; organic solvents, and DETERGENTS.

A species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS that is the etiologic agent of COWPOX. It is closely related to but antigenically different from VACCINIA VIRUS.

Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, which is CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL. Viral cytopathogenic effects provide a valuable method for identifying and classifying the infecting viruses.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

A species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS causing infections in humans. No infections have been reported since 1977 and the virus is now believed to be virtually extinct.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The type species of PNEUMOVIRUS and an important cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and young children. It frequently presents with bronchitis and bronchopneumonia and is further characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, and pallor.

A species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD), and the etiologic agent of LASSA FEVER. LASSA VIRUS is a common infective agent in humans in West Africa. Its natural host is the multimammate mouse Mastomys natalensis.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing an acute dengue-like fever.

An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.

The type species in the genus NOROVIRUS, first isolated in 1968 from the stools of school children in Norwalk, Ohio, who were suffering from GASTROENTERITIS. The virions are non-enveloped spherical particles containing a single protein. Multiple strains are named after the places where outbreaks have occurred.

A collection of single-stranded RNA viruses scattered across the Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Togaviridae families whose common property is the ability to induce encephalitic conditions in infected hosts.

Biological properties, processes, and activities of VIRUSES.

The type species of SIMPLEXVIRUS causing most forms of non-genital herpes simplex in humans. Primary infection occurs mainly in infants and young children and then the virus becomes latent in the dorsal root ganglion. It then is periodically reactivated throughout life causing mostly benign conditions.

The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.

A species of GAMMARETROVIRUS causing leukemia, lymphosarcoma, immune deficiency, or other degenerative diseases in cats. Several cellular oncogenes confer on FeLV the ability to induce sarcomas (see also SARCOMA VIRUSES, FELINE).

Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).

Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).

Any of the viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.

Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

A subgroup of the genus FLAVIVIRUS that causes encephalitis and hemorrhagic fevers and is found in eastern and western Europe and the former Soviet Union. It is transmitted by TICKS and there is an associated milk-borne transmission from viremic cattle, goats, and sheep.

A species of RESPIROVIRUS frequently isolated from small children with pharyngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

The type species of APHTHOVIRUS, causing FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cloven-hoofed animals. Several different serotypes exist.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The type species of BETARETROVIRUS commonly latent in mice. It causes mammary adenocarcinoma in a genetically susceptible strain of mice when the appropriate hormonal influences operate.

A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) producing leukemia of the reticulum-cell type with massive infiltration of liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It infects DBA/2 and Swiss mice.

Specific hemagglutinin subtypes encoded by VIRUSES.

A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 isolated from mature T4 cells in patients with T-lymphoproliferation malignancies. It causes adult T-cell leukemia (LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, ACUTE, HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED), T-cell lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, T-CELL), and is involved in mycosis fungoides, SEZARY SYNDROME and tropical spastic paraparesis (PARAPARESIS, TROPICAL SPASTIC).

A species of ARTERIVIRUS causing reproductive and respiratory disease in pigs. The European strain is called Lelystad virus. Airborne transmission is common.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Specific loci on both the bacterial DNA (attB) and the phage DNA (attP) which delineate the sites where recombination takes place between them, as the phage DNA becomes integrated (inserted) into the BACTERIAL DNA during LYSOGENY.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A genus of the family PARVOVIRIDAE, subfamily PARVOVIRINAE, which are dependent on a coinfection with helper adenoviruses or herpesviruses for their efficient replication. The type species is Adeno-associated virus 2.

Enzyme of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS that is required to integrate viral DNA into cellular DNA in the nucleus of a host cell. HIV integrase is a DNA nucleotidyltransferase encoded by the pol gene.

Defective viruses which can multiply only by association with a helper virus which complements the defective gene. Satellite viruses may be associated with certain plant viruses, animal viruses, or bacteriophages. They differ from satellite RNA; (RNA, SATELLITE) in that satellite viruses encode their own coat protein.

Tumor-selective, replication competent VIRUSES that have antineoplastic effects. This is achieved by producing cytotoxicity-enhancing proteins and/or eliciting an antitumor immune response. They are genetically engineered so that they can replicate in CANCER cells but not in normal cells, and are used in ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY.

The type species of PARAPOXVIRUS which causes a skin infection in natural hosts, usually young sheep. Humans may contract local skin lesions by contact. The virus apparently persists in soil.

A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of six families: CEBIDAE (some New World monkeys), ATELIDAE (some New World monkeys), CERCOPITHECIDAE (Old World monkeys), HYLOBATIDAE (gibbons and siamangs), CALLITRICHINAE (marmosets and tamarins), and HOMINIDAE (humans and great apes).

A group of viruses in the genus PESTIVIRUS, causing diarrhea, fever, oral ulcerations, hemorrhagic syndrome, and various necrotic lesions among cattle and other domestic animals. The two species (genotypes), BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 , exhibit antigenic and pathological differences. The historical designation, BVDV, consisted of both (then unrecognized) genotypes.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

A group of replication-defective viruses, in the genus GAMMARETROVIRUS, which are capable of transforming cells, but which replicate and produce tumors only in the presence of Murine leukemia viruses (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE).

A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-2,3, alpha-2,6-, and alpha-2,8-glycosidic linkages (at a decreasing rate, respectively) of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid, and synthetic substrate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.

Cloning and characterization of the promoter region of human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene. (1/1731)

Activation of telomerase is one of the rate-limiting steps in human cell immortalization and carcinogenesis Human telomerase is composed of at least two protein subunits and an RNA component. Regulation of expression of the catalytic subunit, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), is suggested as the major determinant of the enzymatic activity. We report here the cloning and characterization of the 5'-regulatory region of the hTERT gene. The highly GC-rich content of the 5' end of the hTERT cDNA spans to the 5'-flanking region and intron 1, making a CpG island. A 1.7-kb DNA fragment encompassing the hTERT gene promoter was placed upstream of the luciferase reporter gene and transiently transfected into human cell lines of fibroblastic and epithelial origins that differed in their expression of the endogenous hTERT gene. Endogenous hTERT-expressing cells, but not nonexpressing cells, showed high levels of luciferase activity, suggesting that the regulation of hTERT gene expression occurs mainly at the transcriptional level. Additional luciferase assays using a series of constructs containing unidirectionally deleted fragments revealed that a 59-bp region (-208 to -150) is required for the maximal promoter activity. The region contains a potential Myc oncoprotein binding site (E-box), and cotransfection of a c-myc expression plasmid markedly enhanced the promoter activity, suggesting a role of the Myc protein in telomerase activation. Identification of the regulatory regions of the hTERT promoter sequence will be essential in understanding the molecular mechanisms of positive and negative regulation of telomerase. (+info)

A novel Vpr peptide interactor fused to integrase (IN) restores integration activity to IN-defective HIV-1 virions. (2/1731)

A novel approach to complement human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) integrase (IN)-defective virions has been identified. The approach involves fusion of a 23-amino-acid stretch to the N-terminus of wild-type IN and coexpression of this chimera with the IN-defective proviral template in virus producing cells. The 23-amino-acid peptide represents a Vpr "interactor," referred to as the the WxxF or WF domain, which apparently leads to docking of the domain along with the fusion partner onto HIV-1 Vpr, thus permitting virion incorporation of the chimeric protein when expressed, in trans, with other viral products. Transfection of the WF-IN expression plasmid along with HIV-1 viral clones that produce Vpr, but bear an IN mutation, results in the release of a proportion of viral particles that are competent for integration. The extent of complementation was assessed using the MAGI cell assay, where integration of viral DNA results in the eventual appearance of easily visible multinucleated blue syncytia. The efficiency of dWF-IN (double copy of WF domain) complementation is not improved markedly by incorporation of a HIV-1 protease cleavage site (PR) between the dWF domain and IN (dWF-PR-IN), unlike that observed with Vpr fusions to IN. Furthermore, the ability of Vpr-PR-IN and dWF-PR-IN to complement IN-defective proviral clones, both of which bear an intervening protease cleavage site, appear comparable. Western blotting analyses using virions isolated through sucrose cushions demonstrate clearly the incorporation of the dWF-IN fusion protein into Vpr containing HIV-1 particles but not in Vpr-deficient virions. Additional Western blotting analyses indicate that all Vpr-IN and dWF-IN chimeras, with or without a PR site, are packaged into virions. The efficiency of virion incorporation of Vpr-IN and dWF-IN chimeras appears approximately comparable by Western blotting analysis. The ability of dWF-IN to complement IN-defective proviruses with efficiency similar to that of Vpr-PR-IN and dWF-PR-IN indicates that dWF-IN retains the full complement of functions necessary for integration of proviral DNA and is likely due to the benign nature of this small domain at the amino-terminus of IN. (+info)

Analysis of the integration functions of phi304L: an integrase module among corynephages. (3/1731)

Plasmid p12929 was shown to integrate into the chromosome of Corynebacterium glutamicum RM3 and BL15. The minimal integrating fragment was subsequently defined. The arms flanking the integrated plasmid (attL and attR) were identified, allowing for the determination of the attP and the attB attachment sites. The attB site is located at the 3' end of an ORF presenting 62-78% identity with L19 ribosomal proteins. Integration in the attB site does not result in the inactivation of this gene because its end is also present on the attR arm of the integrated plasmid and is reconstituted. The minimal integrating fragment is 1663 bp long and contains two ORFs. The int ORF was identified as phi304L integrase on the basis of the amino acid homologies it shared with the tyrosine recombinases of the lambda integrase family. Moreover this integrase is highly homologous throughout its sequence with the integrase of phi16 corynephage, the percentage of identity reaching 89% at the NH2 end. The identity also extends upstream of the initiation codon, while both phages are elsewhere nonhomologous. An integrase module was proposed to explain this extensive homology. (+info)

Integration of banana streak badnavirus into the Musa genome: molecular and cytogenetic evidence. (4/1731)

Breeding and tissue culture of certain cultivars of bananas (Musa) have led to high levels of banana streak badnavirus (BSV) infection in progeny from symptomless parents. BSV DNA hybridized to genomic DNA of one such parent, Obino l'Ewai, suggesting integration of viral sequences. Sequencing of clones of Obino l'Ewai genomic DNA revealed an interface between BSV and Musa sequences and a complex BSV integrant. In situ hybridization revealed two different BSV sequence locations in Obino l'Ewai chromosomes and a complex arrangement of BSV and Musa sequences was shown by probing stretched DNA fibers. This is the first report of integrated sequences that possibly lead to a plant pararetrovirus episomal infection by a mechanism differing markedly from animal retroviral systems. (+info)

Evidence that badnavirus infection in Musa can originate from integrated pararetroviral sequences. (5/1731)

When some virus- and disease-free Musa spp. (banana and plantain) are propagated by tissue culture, the resulting plants develop infections with banana streak badnavirus (BSV), a pararetrovirus. In sharp contrast to the virion DNA recovered from natural infections, the virion DNA from tissue culture-associated infections of different Musa spp. was highly similar if not identical. Although BSV does not employ integration during the infection cycle, BSV DNA was found to be integrated into the Musa genome. While one integration consisted of a partial BSV genome, a second contained more than one complete genome that was almost identical to BSV recovered from tissue culture-derived plants. The arrangement of this integrated BSV DNA suggests that it can yield an infectious episomal genome via homologous recombination. This report documents the first instance of integrated DNA of a nonintegrating virus giving rise to an episomal viral infection and identifies tissue culture as a possible trigger for the infection, raising the question of whether similar activatable viral sequences exist in the genomes of other plants and animals. (+info)

HMG protein family members stimulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and avian sarcoma virus concerted DNA integration in vitro. (6/1731)

We have reconstituted concerted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration in vitro with specially designed mini-donor HIV-1 DNA, a supercoiled plasmid acceptor, purified bacterium-derived HIV-1 integrase (IN), and host HMG protein family members. This system is comparable to one previously described for avian sarcoma virus (ASV) (A. Aiyar et al., J. Virol. 70:3571-3580, 1996) that was stimulated by the presence of HMG-1. Sequence analyses of individual HIV-1 integrants showed loss of 2 bp from the ends of the donor DNA and almost exclusive 5-bp duplications of the acceptor DNA at the site of integration. All of the integrants sequenced were inserted into different sites in the acceptor. These are the features associated with integration of viral DNA in vivo. We have used the ASV and HIV-1 reconstituted systems to compare the mechanism of concerted DNA integration and examine the role of different HMG proteins in the reaction. Of the three HMG proteins examined, HMG-1, HMG-2, and HMG-I(Y), the products formed in the presence of HMG-I(Y) for both systems most closely match those observed in vivo. Further analysis of HMG-I(Y) mutants demonstrates that the stimulation of integration requires an HMG-I(Y) domain involved in DNA binding. While complexes containing HMG-I(Y), ASV IN, and donor DNA can be detected in gel shift experiments, coprecipitation experiments failed to demonstrate stable interactions between HMG-I(Y) and ASV IN or between HMG-I(Y) and HIV-1 IN. (+info)

Dissecting the role of the N-terminal domain of human immunodeficiency virus integrase by trans-complementation analysis. (7/1731)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase protein (IN) catalyzes two reactions required to integrate HIV DNA into the human genome: 3' processing of the viral DNA ends and integration. IN has three domains, the N-terminal zinc-binding domain, the catalytic core, and the C-terminal SH3 domain. Previously, it was shown that IN proteins mutated in different domains could complement each other. We now report that this does not require any overlap between the two complementing proteins; an N-terminal domain, provided in trans, can restore IN activity of a mutant lacking this domain. Only the zinc-coordinating form of the N-terminal domain can efficiently restore IN activity of an N-terminal deletion mutant. This suggests that interaction between different domains of IN is needed for functional multimerization. We find that the N-terminal domain of feline immunodeficiency virus IN can support IN activity of an N-terminal deletion mutant of HIV type 2 IN. These cross-complementation experiments indicate that the N-terminal domain contributes to the recognition of specific viral DNA ends. (+info)

Retroviral insertions in Evi12, a novel common virus integration site upstream of Tra1/Grp94, frequently coincide with insertions in the gene encoding the peripheral cannabinoid receptor Cnr2. (8/1731)

The common virus integration site (VIS) Evi11 was recently identified within the gene encoding the hematopoietic G-protein-coupled peripheral cannabinoid receptor Cnr2 (also referred to as Cb2). Here we show that Cnr2 is a frequent target (12%) for insertion of Cas-Br-M murine leukemia virus (MuLV) in primary tumors in NIH/Swiss mice. Multiple provirus insertions in Evi11 were cloned and shown to be located within the 3' untranslated region of the candidate proto-oncogene Cnr2. These results suggest that proviral insertion in the Cnr2 gene is an important step in Cas-Br-M MuLV-induced leukemogenesis in NIH/Swiss mice. To isolate Evi11/Cnr2 collaborating proto-oncogenes, we searched for novel common VISs in the Cas-Br-M MuLV-induced primary tumors and identified a novel frequent common VIS, Evi12 (14%). Interestingly, 54% of the Evi11/Cnr2-rearranged primary tumors contained insertions in Evi12 as well, which suggests cooperative action of the target genes in these two common VISs in leukemogenesis. By interspecific backcross analysis it was shown that Evi12 resides on mouse chromosome 10 in a region that shares homology with human chromosomes 12q and 19p. Sequence analysis demonstrated that Evi12 is located upstream of the gene encoding the molecular chaperone Tra1/Grp94, which was previously mapped to mouse chromosome 10 and human chromosome 12q22-24. Thus, Tra1/Grp94 is a candidate target gene for retroviral activation or inactivation in Evi12. However, Northern and Western blot analyses did not provide evidence that proviral insertion had altered the expression of Tra1/Grp94. Additional studies are required to determine whether Tra1/Grp94 or another candidate proto-oncogene in Evi12 is involved in leukemogenesis. (+info)

In the native virus, however, integration of virally carried genes into the host genome does occur. Integration can be ... Adeno-associated virus spreads by co-infecting a cell with a helper virus. The first helper virus that was described as ... When the helper virus kills the host cell, the new AAV virions are released. If there is not a helper virus present, AAV ... Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are small viruses that infect humans and some other primate species. They belong to the genus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeno-associated_virus

Standalone virus-scanner. Context menu integration for Windows Explorer. Add-in for Microsoft Outlook. A portable version that ... "2009-08, Virus.gr 10 August-05 September comparison of effectiveness of antivirus programs". Virus.gr. Archived from the ... In the 1-21 June 2008 test performed by Virus.gr, ClamWin Free Antivirus version 0.93 detected 54.68% of all threats and ranked ... ClamWin Free Antivirus has a virus database which is updated automatically when it detects connection to the Internet. A small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClamWin_Free_Antivirus

"Site-specific integration by adeno-associated virus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of ... Romani, M.; Casciano, I.; Querzola, F.; Ambrosis, A. D.; Siniscalco, M. (1993). "Analysis of a viral integration event in a CG- ... "Concurrent mapping of an adenovirus 5/SV40 integration site and the U1 snRNA Cluster (RNU1) within 400 kb of the chromosome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcello_Siniscalco

1990). "Site-specific integration by adeno-associated virus". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 87 (6): 2211-5. Bibcode:1990PNAS... ... He is primarily known for his work on adeno-associated viruses (AAV), and his group was one of the first which showed the ... specificity of the integration of the AAV genomes into the cellular genome. He has been a member of the National Academy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Berns

Adeno-associated virus integration site 1 is a viral integration site that in humans is encoded by the AAVS1 gene located on ... "Entrez Gene: Adeno-associated virus integration site 1". Ward P, Walsh CE (November 2012). "Targeted integration of a rAAV ... "Characterization of a preferred site on human chromosome 19q for integration of adeno-associated virus DNA by non-homologous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAVS1

Suchard, Marc (2018-06-08). "Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic data integration using BEAST 1.10". Virus Evolution. 4 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BEAST_2

In the decades following integration, problems faced by black students lead to the creation of two parent groups outside the ... "They should return them." Protess, Ben; McCabe, David (April 29, 2020). "Elite Prep Schools, Set Back by Virus, Face a Quandary ... Thomas G. (2011). Showdown: JFK and the Integration of the Washington Redskins. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press. p. 6. ISBN ... ISBN 978-0-615-17854-7. Oliver Velez, Denise (November 22, 2008). "Sidwell Friends and Integration". Daily Kos. Daily Kos. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidwell_Friends_School

In the case of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the PIC forms after the Reverse Transcription Complex (RTC) has reverse ... The pre-integration complex (PIC) is a nucleoprotein complex of viral genetic material and associated viral and host proteins ... Piller SC, Caly L, Jans DA (July 2003). "Nuclear import of the pre-integration complex (PIC): the Achilles heel of HIV?". ... De Rijck J, Vandekerckhove L, Christ F, Debyser Z (May 2007). "Lentiviral nuclear import: a complex interplay between virus and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-integration_complex

This integration is what leads to VMV's lifelong persistent infection. VMV has a long incubation period. During the initial ... Visna-maedi virus (also known as Visna virus, Maedi-visna virus and Ovine lentivirus) from the genus Lentivirus and subfamily ... The visna virus genome resembles that of other lentiviruses, in terms of the gene functions that are present. Visna virus is ... Visna/maedi virus ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4 Ovine Progressive Pneumonia in Sheep, University of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visna-maedi_virus

1990). "V.H. Ellison, H. Abrams, T. Roe, J. Lifson, P.O. Brown, Human immunodeficiency virus integration in a cell-free system ... Farnet C.M.; Haseltine W.A. (1990). "Integration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA in vitro". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. ... The integration of HIV DNA into the host DNA is a critical step in the HIV life cycle. Understanding the integration process ... HIV integration is the insertion of HIV genetic material into the genome of the infected cell. The process of HIV integration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_integration

He warned however, that such viruses were stable and easily cultured and therefore the emergence of a new virus with a more ... Regulation and Genetics Viral Gene Expression and Integration. Plenum Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-4684-0832-4. Manzoni, Tomaz B; ... "Incomplete Forms of Influenza Virus", in Kenneth M. Smith and Max A. Lauffer's Advances in Virus Research, Volume 2, Academic ... "influenza virus system". He called them "incomplete" or "immature". He found that when viruses were expanded at high doses, " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preben_von_Magnus

The integration of the viral DNA happens non-homologously, forming bubbles of single stranded DNA. As DNA replication, crossing ... The virus starts by breaking down all E. coli genetic material. This is known as the lytic cycle. The virus can now occupy the ... Enterobacter virus CC31 is a dsDNA virus lacking an RNA intermediate. The dsDNA is contained within an icosahedral capsid of ... Escherichia virus CC31, formerly known as Enterobacter virus CC31, is a dsDNA bacteriophage of the subfamily Tevenvirinae ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_virus_CC31

Fischer MG, Hackl (December 2016). "Host genome integration and giant virus-induced reactivation of the virophage mavirus". ... The co-infecting viruses are typically giant viruses. Virophages rely on the viral replication factory of the co-infecting ... Unlike satellite viruses, virophages have a parasitic effect on their co-infecting virus. Virophages have been observed to ... Their dependence upon the giant virus for replication often results in the deactivation of the giant viruses. The virophage may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virophage

Fischer MG, Hackl (December 2016). "Host genome integration and giant virus-induced reactivation of the virophage mavirus". ... DOM, POM and the viral shunt Viruses Viruses are the "most abundant biological entities on the planet", particularly in the ... Cafeteria roenbergensis is also infected by a second virus, the Mavirus virophage, which is a satellite virus, meaning it is ... Yau, Sheree; Seth-Pasricha, Mansha (2019). "Viruses of Polar Aquatic Environments". Viruses. 11 (2): 189. doi:10.3390/v11020189 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_food_web

Fischer MG, Hackl (December 2016). "Host genome integration and giant virus-induced reactivation of the virophage mavirus". ... It is estimated viruses kill 20% of the microorganism biomass each day and that there are 15 times as many viruses in the ... Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas ... A marine virus is more likely to infect cooccurring organisms, those that live in the same region the virus lives in. Therefore ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_viruses

Rep proteins participate in the integration of the genome into preformed capsids. Despite the fact that scAAV is designed to ... In nature, these viruses depend on another virus to provide replication machinery; adeno-associated virus can only replicate ... These viruses are nonenveloped, single-strand DNA (ssDNA) viruses. Within Parvoviridae, scAAV further belongs to the ... These can include presence of a helper virus infection (such as adenovirus) or other toxic events such as exposure to UV light ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-complementary_adeno-associated_virus

Fischer MG, Hackl T (December 2016). "Host genome integration and giant virus-induced reactivation of the virophage mavirus". ... Virophages are viruses that replicate only when host cells are co-infected with helper viruses. Following co-infection, helper ... Prophages are genomes of bacteriophages (a type of virus) that are inserted into bacterial chromosomes; prophages can then be ... Miller DW, Miller LK (October 1982). "A virus mutant with an insertion of a copia-like transposable element". Nature. 299 (5883 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilome

Fischer MG, Hackl (December 2016). "Host genome integration and giant virus-induced reactivation of the virophage mavirus". ... Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the virus is a nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLD virus). Acanthamoeba polyphaga ... Resolution of the virus structure by cryo-electron microscopy yielded an icosahedral virus capsid with a T number of 499 and a ... "A virus so large it gets viruses". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2010-03-05. Fischer, M. G.; Suttle, C. A. (2011). "A Virophage at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafeteria_roenbergensis_virus

Fischer MG, Hackl (December 2016). "Host genome integration and giant virus-induced reactivation of the virophage mavirus". ... Double-stranded DNA viruses, Virophages, Virus genera, All stub articles, Virus stubs). ... Mavirus is a genus of double stranded DNA virus that can infect the marine phagotrophic flagellate Cafeteria roenbergensis, but ... Duponchel, S. and Fischer, M.G. (2019) "Viva lavidaviruses! Five features of virophages that parasitize giant DNA viruses". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavirus

"Entrez Gene: SPI1 spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) proviral integration oncogene spi1". Hallier M, Lerga A, Barnache S, ... "Human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax transactivates the promoter of human prointerleukin-1beta gene through association with ... Ets and NF-kappaB/NFAT proteins play an important role in their cooperative activation of the human immunodeficiency virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPI1

It is considered one of the first computer viruses. Walker also founded the hardware integration manufacturing company ... Stern, Zack (May 2008). "White Paper: The Evolution of Viruses". Maximum PC. Retrieved March 20, 2012. Markoff, John (1999). " ... Parikka, Jussi (2007). Digital Contagions: A Media Archaeology of Computer Viruses. Peter Lang. pp. 41, 239-40. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Walker_(programmer)

When two or more viruses, each containing lethal genomic damage, infect the same host cell, the virus genomes can often pair ... Arbuckle JH, Medveczky PG (August 2011). "The molecular biology of human herpesvirus-6 latency and telomere integration". ... Alternatively, if two similar viruses have infected the same host cell, homologous recombination can allow those two viruses to ... Homologous recombination occurs in several groups of viruses. In DNA viruses such as herpesvirus, recombination occurs through ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_recombination

"Re-evaluation of the carcinogenic significance of hepatitis B virus integration in hepatocarcinogenesis". PLOS ONE. 7 (9): ... Additionally, the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HPV-16 virus, the strain of human papilloma virus most likely to produce cancer, ... "FRA3B extends over a broad region and contains a spontaneous HPV16 integration site: direct evidence for the coincidence of ... "Common fragile sites are preferential targets for HPV16 integrations in cervical tumors". Oncogene. 22 (8): 1225-37. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_fragile_site

It was the first virus to use a technique known as "code integration". In the words of Ferrie and Ször: This virus supports a ... Simile, a well-known metamorphic virus Computer virus Comparison of computer viruses Aspevik, Egil; Detection of Junk ... Zmist (also known as Z0mbie.Mistfall) is a metamorphic computer virus created by the Russian virus writer known as Z0mbie. ... 6-7 "Hunting for metamorphic", Metamorphic viruses description by Ször and Ferrie "Virus.Win32.ZMist.Predetect" by Secure List ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zmist

Fisher-Adams, G; Wong, KK; Podsakoff, GM; Forman, S; Chatterjee, S (1996). "Integration of adeno-associated virus vector ... "INtegration of Adenoassociated Virus Vectors in CD34+ HUman Hemotopoietic Progenitor Cells After Transduction". Blood. 88 (2): ... Adeno-Associated Virus vectors can be used for stem cell gene therapy. Adenovirus' have a Baltimore classification of level I, ... Her main and current area of research is using Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors (AAV-Vectors). Additionally, she has had a role ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saswati_Chatterjee

Wang J, Chenivesse X, Henglein B, Bréchot C (1990). "Hepatitis B virus integration in a cyclin A gene in a hepatocellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin_A2

Also, integration into the host genome is not necessary for replication in hepadnaviruses. This process was first shown in Duck ... is a partially double-stranded DNA virus that is closely related to human Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Woodchuck hepatitis virus ... Ground squirrel hepatitis virus is distinguished from related viruses by its lack of pathogenic effect, even though it is ... Ground squirrel hepatitis virus is a spherical, enveloped virus. The core particle, or nucleocapsid, contains e antigen, viral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_squirrel_hepatitis_virus

Fischer MG, Hackl (December 2016). "Host genome integration and giant virus-induced reactivation of the virophage mavirus" (PDF ... A giant virus, Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV) infects and causes the lysis of C. roenbergensis. The impact of CroV on ... This virus interferes with the replication of CroV, which leads to the survival of C. roenbergensis cells. Mavirus is able to ... Fischer, M. G.; Allen, M. J.; Wilson, W. H.; Suttle, C. A. (2010). "Giant virus with a remarkable complement of genes infects ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafeteria_roenbergensis

This can be achieved in at least three processes : Integration of all, or parts, of a viral genome into the host's genome (e.g ... The terms genetically modified virus and genetically engineered virus are used synonymously. Genetically modified viruses are ... Genetically-modified virus explodes cancer cells GM virus shrinks cancer tumours in humans Leja J, Yu D, Nilsson B, Gedda L, ... A genetically modified virus is a virus that has been altered or generated using biotechnology methods, and remains capable of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_virus

At school, they played together in a band called Revolución, where they covered songs by Sumo, Virus and Miguel Mateos. ... It reflects a musical evolution and a greater integration in the songwriting process. Some of the most outstanding tracks are " ... Colmena Virus Nuevo Calles Desatándonos Perro Inmaduro Punk Me harté Siberiano Viajero Espejismos Nuevo orden Mascota del ... ", "Virus", "Calles" or "Me harté". In 2004, the band releases ESPEJISMOS. That year, keyboard player Ezequiel Araujo decides ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Otro_Yo

"Benjamin Franklin's Fight Against A Deadly Virus". Retrieved September 27, 2021 - via The Conversation. One article posited ... and promoted education and the integration of African Americans into U.S. society. His life and legacy of scientific and ... Franklin wrote several essays that stressed the importance of the abolition of slavery and of the integration of African ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin

Although the Detroit dance music has been casually lumped in with the jack virus of Chicago house, the young techno producers ... Integration and distinction within the techno scene". Loss of safety? Lifestyles between multi-optionality and scarcity (in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno

Polis, G. A.; Anderson, W. B.; Hold, R. D. (1997). "Toward an integration of landscape and food web ecology: The dynamics of ... and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales. Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

Madani N, Kabat D (Dec 1998). "An endogenous inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes is overcome by the ... transcript disrupted by proviral integration in mice is conserved in Drosophila". Development. 109 (1): 235-42. doi:10.1242/dev ... "Comprehensive investigation of the molecular defect in vif-deficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD7

Viruses that inhibit IFN signaling include Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), dengue type 2 virus (DEN-2), and viruses of the ... "Integration of interferon-alpha/beta signalling to p53 responses in tumour suppression and antiviral defence". Nature. 424 ( ... Some viruses escape the anti-viral activities of interferons by gene (and thus protein) mutation. The H5N1 influenza virus, ... Some viruses can encode proteins that bind to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to prevent the activity of RNA-dependent protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

Artaud was the "spearhead" of this series of reissues, which included titles by Soda Stereo, Virus, Charly García and several ... "a true experiment of community integration, [with] debates taking place between the people of the park and the occasional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaud_(album)

They will form their own mini-societies to the detriment of integration and that will lead to division, friction and resentment ... "our Kiwi kids don't want to be in the same class with your disgusting virus spreaders." Mayor of Auckland Phil Goff said he was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders

This integration put a requirement on the films to contain some link to Masaryk University. The visitor's choice award went to ... The winner of 9th year was Martin Kacvinský with his film Vir CRT-2116 a jeho přemožitel (CRT-2116 Virus and His Defeater). In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_Festival_of_Faculty_of_Informatics

Now, at 94, he watches the nation fight a deadly virus". Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-04-25. "Leadership". thebzgroup.com. ... PhD ( Chris Cain ); Senior Editor: Joan Garbutt; Senior Writer: Benjamin Bryant ( Ben Bryant ); Content Integration Chiefs: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Bryant_(broadcaster)

COVID-19 in the dormitories saw a more rapid spread of the virus compared to the rest of the population in Singapore. According ... The underestimation of the required integration services by the state and the society of the host countries, but also by the ... Programs were put into place to protect migrant workers and ease their integration to Korean society. Programs sponsored by the ... In addition, by fulfilling all the requirements of the Ministry of Justice Social Integration Program, migrant workers can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_worker

... computer hacking and virus attacks; corruption in the private sector; and marine pollution. The possible future EU crimes are ... Migration and Integration Fund Internal Security Fund Integrated Border Management Fund Justice & fundamental rights funds: ... Journal of European Integration. 28 (5): 405-421. doi:10.1080/07036330600979573. Kirchner, Emil and Sperling, James (2008) EU ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_of_freedom,_security_and_justice

"AV-Test release latest results". Virus Bulletin. Virus Bulletin Ltd. 2008-09-02. Retrieved 2011-04-27. Vamosi, Robert (2008-04- ... On March 2, 2009, ESET Smart Security version 4.0 was released, adding integration of ESET SysInspector; support for Mozilla ... Official website Virus Radar, a service run by ESET using NOD32 statistics The official German ESET Support Forum (CS1 Slovak- ... Virus signature database updates and customer support was discontinued on February 1, 2012. On a network, NOD32 clients can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESET_NOD32

... viruses such as hepatitis C virus, Flaviviridae viruses and bovine viral diarrheal virus could enter cells indirectly via LDLR- ... May P, Bock HH, Herz J (April 2003). "Integration of endocytosis and signal transduction by lipoprotein receptors". Science's ... Agnello V, Abel G, Elfahal M, Knight GB, Zhang QX (October 1999). "Hepatitis C virus and other flaviviridae viruses enter cells ... LDLR has been identified as the primary mode of entry for the Vesicular stomatitis virus in mice and humans. In addition, LDLR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL_receptor

"Quand le virus transporte des gènes-médicaments". Sciences et Avenir (in French). Retrieved 2019-02-04. Charneau, Pierre; ... and mitosis-independent integration of HIV genome. Charneau's research led to the discovery and characterization of the central ... "The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 central DNA flap is a crucial determinant for lentiviral vector nuclear import and gene ... https://fr.linkedin.com/in/pierre-charneau-49829749[self-published source] "Le virus du sida pour soigner le cancer". ladepeche ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Charneau

On April 30, 2021, the United Nations Development Programme published a report indicating that the COVID-19 virus and the 2021 ... Road modernization and integration with neighboring roads and transportation networks; 2) Development of regional airports and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Myanmar

EU Fails to Agree on 500 Billion-Euro Response to Virus Crisis "The EU can't agree on how to help Italy and Spain pay for ... According to the European Commission "this would have strong potential positive effects on stability and integration. But at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurobond_(eurozone)

Muthumani K, Choo AY, Premkumar A, Hwang DS, Thieu KP, Desai BM, Weiner DB (August 2005). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ... the glucocorticoid receptor is gaining interest as a novel representative of neuroendocrine integration, functioning as a major ... Kino T, Pavlakis GN (April 2004). "Partner molecules of accessory protein Vpr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1". DNA ... Kino T, Chrousos GP (June 2004). "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor

"Singapore's packed workers' dorms pose new challenge in virus fight". South China Morning Post. 9 April 2020. Retrieved 11 ... hermesauto (14 January 2016). "Greater cultural integration needed". The Straits Times. Retrieved 26 January 2016. hermes (7 ... Journal of International Migration and Integration. 16 (4): 953-954. doi:10.1007/s12134-014-0378-9. S2CID 144018738. Diola, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Singapore

Viruses used for gene therapy to date include retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus and herpes simplex virus. However ... "Identification of Arabidopsis thaliana transformants without selection reveals a high occurrence of silenced T-DNA integrations ... The first virus to be used as a vaccine vector was the vaccinia virus in 1984 as a way to protect chimpanzees against hepatitis ... Virus mediated gene delivery utilizes the ability of a virus to inject its DNA inside a host cell and takes advantage of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_delivery

Another proof of the cooperation and integration of the entire immune system has been shown in vivo, when TLR signaling was ... oncolytic virus therapy, T-cell therapy and cancer vaccines. NOD2 has been associated through a loss- and gain- of function ... viruses, fungi and protozoa. MBL predominantly recognizes certain sugar groups on the surface of microorganisms but also binds ... mannose is the recognition motif for many viruses, fungi and mycobacteria; similarly fucose presents the same for certain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor

The app is designed to protect against viruses from apps, threats delivered via web browsing and against the threats created ... including integration for Next-Generation Firewalls and SIEMs. In September 2017, Webroot appointed a new president and CEO, ... Companies portal AntiVirus Comparison of antivirus software Comparison of computer viruses Software as a Service Broomfield, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webroot

... illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 June 2022, Mexico has reported a total ... a phenomenon arguably caused by the economic integration of North American under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA ... sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not ... influence other adjacent predominantly urban municipalities all of which have a high degree of social and economic integration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Mexico

The integration of the Linux Hypervisor into the Linux Kernel and that of the Windows Hypervisor into the Windows Kernel may ... Application virtualization solutions currently do not work with device drivers and other code that runs at ring0 such as virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_virtualization_development

"Virus slowing pace of companies' move to Vietnam". Taipei Times. 6 May 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2021. Pinder, Jeanne B. (8 ... one of the most sensitive and persistent problems faced by the government following the beginning of North-South integration in ... persistent political issues faced by the Vietnamese revolutionary government following the beginning of North-South integration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoa_people

The integration with Windows, however, was subject to numerous packaging criticisms (see United States v. Microsoft). This ... The first major IE security hole, the Princeton Word Macro Virus Loophole, was discovered on August 22, 1996 in IE3. Backwards ... Microsoft Internet Explorer 4, released in September 1997, deepened the level of integration between the web browser and the ... Windows Messenger integration, fault collection, automatic image resizing, P3P, and a new look-and-feel that was in line with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_version_history

Vacca A, Farina M, Maroder M, Alesse E, Screpanti I, Frati L, Gulino A (Nov 1994). "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 tat ... Chow CW, Davis RJ (Jan 2000). "Integration of calcium and cyclic AMP signaling pathways by 14-3-3". Molecular and Cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFATC4

It was caused by Marburg virus which is an African RNA virus that causes green monkey disease. Now thought to be under control ... To encourage the principle of national integration with Portugal, many towns in Angola were renamed during Portuguese colonial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uíge_Province

... and nobiles viri or principes. However, these documents do not reveal the basis of the Moravian chiefs' power. Richly furnished ... emerged through the enforced integration of his principality into Moravia under Mojmír. The 9th-century Catalogue of Fortresses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Moravia

In 1960 Maurice Hilleman of Merck Sharp & Dohme identified the SV40 virus, which was later shown to cause tumors in many ... Often, large multinational corporations exhibit vertical integration, participating in a broad range of drug discovery and ... SWEET BH, HILLEMAN MR (November 1960). "The vacuolating virus, S.V. 40". Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 105 (2): 420-7. doi:10.3181 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry

At Sacks' estate, he has the Turtles' blood drained in order to create an antidote to a deadly virus that Sacks hopes to flood ... film resume to keep events moving at a brisk clip and the motion-capture process employed to facilitate live-action integration ... On a radio tower in the city, Sacks and Shredder plant a device that will flood the city with the virus while Sacks is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_(2014_film)

Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor protein, Protein Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor, Human ... Human Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor, Human protein Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor, ... EWSR2, SIC1, Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor, Proto-oncogene Fli-1, Transcription factor ERGB, EWSR2 protein ... Human Friend Leukemia Virus Integration 1 (FLI1) Protein. Human Friend Leukemia Virus Integration 1 (FLI1) Protein. ...

https://www.abbexa.com/human-fli1-protein-recombinant

European languages are members of the same family. The languages only differ in their grammar, their pronu nciation and their most common words. pronunciation

https://virusolutionprovider.com/portfolio/platform-integration/

Viruses. PCs get viruses and Macs dont. That statement remains mostly true. Macs are very rarely prone to viruses, while ... Device Integration. Macs integrate well with iPads and iPhones, both of which are becoming more prevalent in many schools. That ... said, while Macs offer the ideal integration solution, Apple has made iTunes available on PCs. Its therefore not impossible, ...

https://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/archives/mac_vs_pc.shtml

Foamy virus integration.. Juretzek T, Holm T, Gärtner K, Kanzler S, Lindemann D, Herchenröder O, Picard-Maureau M, Rammling M, ... It had been suggested that during integration of spumaretroviruses (foamy viruses) the right (U5) end of the cDNA is processed ... Based on an infectious foamy virus molecular clone, a set of constructs harboring mutations at the 5 end of the U3 region in ... in particular showed that the canonical TG motif at the beginning of the provirus is not essential for foamy virus integration. ...

https://www.iegt-rostock.de/?pubs=foamy-virus-integration

Viral integration signature in multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma during occult hepatitis B virus infection: a single-cell ...

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/218022

T1 - Human papilloma virus (HPV) integration signature in Cervical Cancer. T2 - identification of MACROD2 gene as HPV hot spot ... title = "Human papilloma virus (HPV) integration signature in Cervical Cancer: identification of MACROD2 gene as HPV hot spot ... Human papilloma virus (HPV) integration signature in Cervical Cancer: identification of MACROD2 gene as HPV hot spot ... Human papilloma virus (HPV) integration signature in Cervical Cancer: identification of MACROD2 gene as HPV hot spot ...

https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/human-papilloma-virus-hpv-integration-signature-in-cervical-cance

Virus and spam filtering (user customizable). Complete, multi-layered anti-virus, anti-spam, antispyware, and antiphishing ... Active Directory integration (AD Sync). Easy login and management. Maintain the same contact information, passwords and other ...

https://www.pathcom.com/my-exchange

Improved Integration. Avira Free Securitys Privacy and Security components are thoroughly integrated, though most of the ... F-Secure Anti-Virus and McAfee top the list with 100 percent detection. While Bitdefender and Norton come very close to that ... FAQs on Avira Free Antivirus Review: Virus Protection For Your Device. Is Avira Mobile Security Safe?. Avira Free Security ... Avira Free Antivirus Review: Virus Protection For Your Device. August 31, 2022. ...

https://myappleguide.com/avira-free-antivirus-review/

... which act as the primary reservoir for the virus. In vitro, HIV-1 requires activated T cells for a productive infection; ... the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is harbored in CD4+ T cells, ... virus integration and release. Thus agents that induce T cell activation may control the rate of HIV-1 replication and spread ... HIV-1 replication is controlled at the level of T cell activation and proviral integration EMBO J. 1990 May;9(5):1551-60. doi: ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2184033/?dopt=Abstract

A retrovirus is a type of virus that replicates differently than traditional viruses do. Well go over how their replication ... The key steps that differentiate retroviruses from viruses are reverse transcription and genome integration. ... How do they compare to other viruses?. There are many technical differences between viruses and retroviruses. But generally, ... Each of these medications targets the virus in different ways. This is important because the virus easily mutates, which can ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-a-retrovirus

ModSecurity ClamAV integration script (LUA). GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. ... This script can be used to inspect uploaded files for viruses. via ClamAV. To implement, use with the following ModSecurity ...

https://gist.github.com/angeloxx/97714f9108b3642460564acdcd37b34a

With Faronics next-gen anti-virus security solution in place, you can easily detect, prevent, and respond to cyber-attacks and ... Deep Freeze Integration. Out-of-the-box compatibility with Faronics Deep Freeze ensures virus definition files are always ... Faronics Anti-Virus has been awarded the illustrious VB100 certification by Virus Bulletin. For over 20 years, Virus Bulletin ... Centralized Management & Integration. *Deep Freeze Cloud provides a secure platform to manage anti-virus protection ( ...

https://www.faronics.com/en-uk/dfc-endpoint-protection-anti-virus

5. Integration of Medical, Social, and Behavioral Interventions. Another best-practice response to the virus is the seamless ... Another best-practice response to the virus is the seamless integration of medical, social, and behavioral interventions.. ... 4. Multi-Disciplinary Cooperation. As overwhelmed health systems struggle to contain the virus and treat the afflicted, health ... to force more integration among multiple stakeholders in what has traditionally been a fragmented and highly specialized health ...

https://www.bcg.com/publications/2020/learning-from-covid-transforming-health-systems

Samulski RJ, Chang LS, Shenk T. Helper-free stocks of recombinant adeno-associated viruses: Normal integration does not require ... Samulski, R. J. ; Chang, L. S. ; Shenk, T. / Helper-free stocks of recombinant adeno-associated viruses : Normal integration ... Samulski, RJ, Chang, LS & Shenk, T 1989, Helper-free stocks of recombinant adeno-associated viruses: Normal integration does ... Dive into the research topics of Helper-free stocks of recombinant adeno-associated viruses: Normal integration does not ...

https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/helper-free-stocks-of-recombinant-adeno-associated-viruses-normal

We review the commonly dysregulated miRNAs in liver tumor tissues and plasma/serum of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related ... We review the common dysregulated miRNAs in liver tumor tissues and in plasma/serum of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related ... Wingless-related integration site/beta-catenin (WNT/β-Catenin) and TP-53 pathways (40, 64-73). ... Lamontagne J. Hepatitis B virus and microRNAs: complex interactions affecting hepatitis B virus replication and hepatitis B ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2020.01271/full

Integration of Polydnavirus DNA into Host Cellular Genomic DNA. Parasitoid Viruses: Symbionts and Pathogens. In: Beckage, N.E, ... POLYDNAVIRUS INTEGRATION IN GYPSY MOTH CELLS. - (Abstract Only) Gundersen, D.E., Lynn, D.E. 2003. Polydnavirus integration in ... A single vertebrate DNA virus protein disarms invertebrate immunity to RNA virus infection - (Peer Reviewed Journal) ... A single vertebrate DNA virus protein disarms invertebrate immunity to RNA virus infection. Cell Host and Microbe. eLife 25:3. ...

https://www.ars.usda.gov/people-locations/person?person-id=2189

Bloggers AdSense Integration Way Outdated , December 29, 2005. * 41% of Google Search Results Page are Ads , December 29, 2005 ... Trojan Virus Targets AdSense , December 29, 2005. * Google Base Having its Cake and Eating it Too , December 29, 2005 ...

https://www.seroundtable.com/archives?amp%253Bamp=&page=630

Repeat integration. +TATATAGGAA. NA. +TATATAGGAA. 1731. NA. NA. NA. 190478. Transversion. T190478A. TATTT. TAATT. 49. ITR. NA. ... Comparative Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequence of African Swine Fever Virus Belgium 2018/1 Jan H. Forth, Marylène Tignon, Ann ... ASFV, African swine fever virus; ITR, inverted terminal repeat; NA, not applicable; ORF, open reading frame.. †International ... Comparative Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequence of African Swine Fever Virus Belgium 2018/1. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/25/6/19-0286-t1

Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor. *Friend leukemia virus integration 1. *proto-oncogene Fli-1 ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/fli1/

HPV Integration Can Drive the Formation of Virus-Host Extrachromosomal DNA in Tumors. ... HPV Integration Can Drive the Formation of Virus-Host Extrachromosomal DNA in Tumors. ... Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cancer cells contain virus and host DNA and exhibit marked genome instability. In this ... providing evidence for diverse integrated and extrachromosomal virus-host hybrid DNAs with the potential to drive clonal ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-37009703

Integration of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Most of Tanzanian Fowl Pox Virus Isolates is not attributed to Imported ... Masola S N, Mzula A, Kasanga C J, Wambura P N. Integration of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Most of Tanzanian Fowl Pox Virus ... Aim: To investigate integration of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in the Tanzanian fowlpox virus (FWPV) field isolates, and ... and two isolates of FWPV from samples of the imported commercial fowl pox vaccines were analyzed for integration of REV ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/162463?locale=ar

Identification of morphological differences between avian influenza A viruses grown in chicken and duck cells. Virus Research. ... Integration from Knowledge to Control. ... THE INFLUENZA VIRUS ACTIVATES TGF beta VIA AN alpha V beta 6- ... 18S rRNA is a reliable normalisation gene for real time PCR derived from influenza virus infected cells Virol.J. 9, 230 "Highly ... 18S rRNA is a reliable normalisation gene for real time PCR derived from influenza virus infected cells Virol.J. 9, 230 "Highly ...

https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/research/groups/physical-mathematical-veterinary-medicine/people/stephen.dunham

System Integration Services. *Virus and Malware Removal. *Web Design. *Web Development. *Windows Server Administration ...

https://community.spiceworks.com/service-providers/51864-core-computing-inc

According to the preparation method, the F gene and HN gene of the newcastle disease virus are optimized according to virus ... After the newcastle disease virus antigen gene carrying vector enters an animal body in an injection or oral administration ... The invention also provides a preparation method of a newcastle disease virus antigen gene carrying vector. The preparation ... and the expressed antigen or prepared recombinant virus can provide effective immune protection for animals. ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN104059927A/en

Unity version of the you vs virus game. Contribute to youvsvirus/youvsvirus-unity development by creating an account on GitHub. ... Unity version of the you vs virus game. This is heavily work in progress. We aim at a better web integration of the youvsvirus- ...

https://github.com/youvsvirus/youvsvirus-unity

Meta- and orthogonal integration of influenza "OMICs" data defines a role for UBR4 in virus budding. Cell Host Microbe 18, 723- ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-0916-x?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a1b985dc-5250-4536-ae15-777a05188d49

... argues that the new giant DNA viruses are different from other viruses and that as a result, we neew to create a new brach of ... Other virologists are more cautious, suggesting that Mimivirus can fit within the current scheme of virus taxonomy. Either… , ... Learn more about the different existing integrations and their benefits How to curate as a team? ... This article - by one of the discoverers of Mimivirus - argues that the new giant DNA viruses are different from other viruses ...

https://www.scoop.it/topic/virology-news/p/4059694112/2016/02/13/mimi-and-related-viruses-making-us-think-again-about-virus-classification

Recently, the IDO has been adopted by the virus and bacterial Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) established by the NIAID ... clinical data integration ::text and data mining ::genetic susceptibility to infectious disease ::disease surveillance ::plant ... Data Integration Use Cases (Session chair: Goldfain) ::Alexander Diehl - Comprehensive Annotation System for Infectious Disease ... Virus Pathogen Resource :::IRD - Influenza Research Database ::Chris Stoeckert :::EuPathDB - Eukaryotic Pathogen Database ...

https://www.bioontology.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=IDO_Workshop_2010&action=edit&oldid=10479

An increase in the number of newly reported cases in 2019 compared with 2017 and 2018, in particular in Pakistan, highlights the continued geographic spread of the virus, with a concomitant risk of international spread. (who.int)
The proposed framework revises the list of priority pathogens and diseases for medium-term integration in 2019 to 2021. (foodsafetynews.com)
The virus which began as a simple localised outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019 quickly propagated across the globe, threatening the existence of humanity, global economic integration, value chain supplies and human mobility in general. (eprnrwanda.org)

Genome integration. (healthline.com)
Once its DNA has been inserted to the host cell's genome, the virus uses the host cell's machinery to produce new viral components, such as viral RNA and viral proteins. (healthline.com)
The key steps that differentiate retroviruses from viruses are reverse transcription and genome integration. (healthline.com)
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cancer cells contain virus and host DNA and exhibit marked genome instability . (bvsalud.org)
the ss(+)RNA viruses are also probably ancient and have a variety of origins - so there is nothing special about Mimi and her cousins, other than they are (so far) the most complex viruses in terms of genome size and encoded content. (scoop.it)
Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) is a geminivirus that replicates its single-stranded DNA genome through double-stranded DNA intermediates in nucl. (scoop.it)
Here we report our observations, derived from diverse imaging methods on genome internalization of the large dsDNA Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus-1 (PBCV-1). (weizmann.ac.il)
Our studies reveal that early infection stages of this eukaryotic-infecting virus occurs by a bacteriophage-like pathway, whereby PBCV-1 generates a hole in the host cell wall and ejects its dsDNA genome in a linear, base-pair-by-base-pair process, through a membrane tunnel generated by the fusion of the virus internal membrane with the host membrane. (weizmann.ac.il)
The ECDC supports integration of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data into surveillance and multi-country outbreak investigations of foodborne diseases including listeriosis. (foodsafetynews.com)
To confirm results, DNA from all PCR-positive samples was reextracted and screened with In 2007, 2 new human polyomaviruses, KI polyomavirus primers specific for the region of the genome containing the (KIPyV) and WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), were identi- noncoding control region (NCCR), which includes the virus fied. (cdc.gov)
Profiling genome-wide recombination in Epstein Barr virus reveals type-specific patterns and associations with endemic-Burkitt lymphoma. (cdc.gov)
Epstein-Barr Virus in Burkitt Lymphoma in Africa Reveals a Limited Set of Whole Genome and LMP-1 Sequence Patterns: Analysis of Archival Datasets and Field Samples From Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya. (cdc.gov)
Retroviral integrases (INs) catalyse the integration of the reverse transcribed viral DNA into the host cell genome. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
We also conducted an in cellulo genome-wide comparative study of nucleosome positions and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) integration sites identified experimentally in vivo. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Presentation slides that provide a more detailed knowledge of genome structure and the H1N1 virus. (bvsalud.org)

2021) Viruses. (weizmann.ac.il)
Une recherche documentaire a été effectuée dans PubMed de 1980 à 2021 en utilisant diverses combinaisons de termes MeSH comme tabac, diabète, hypertension, dyslipidémie, trouble dépressif majeur, trouble bipolaire, schizophrénie. (bvsalud.org)

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) remains a leading cause of gynaecological cancer-related mortality with infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) being the most important risk factor. (eur.nl)
Extrachromosomal forms of viral DNA were found to persist for several weeks after infection of resting T cells and, following T cell activation, these forms maintained their ability to integrate and act as a template for infectious virus. (nih.gov)
The recombinant virus gene was then used to generate drug-resistant human cell lines subsequent to infection. (princeton.edu)
Major risk factors for HCC are chronic infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Chloroviruses are unusual among viruses infecting eukaryotic organisms in that they must, like bacteriophages, penetrate a rigid cell wall to initiate infection. (weizmann.ac.il)
Due to the heterogeneity of viruses and their hosts, a comprehensive view of viral infection is best achieved by analyzing large populations of infected cells. (weizmann.ac.il)
Accurate dose-response curves could be generated, and we found that mild oxidative stress delayed multiple stages of virus production, but eventually infection processes occurred with approximately the same amplitudes. (weizmann.ac.il)
Through this report, we demonstrate that IFC offers a quantitative, high-throughput, and highly robust approach to study viral infection cycles and virus-host interactions. (weizmann.ac.il)
Terms and Abbreviations Used in This Publication Acute hepatitis C Newly acquired symptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
FH9-specific CD8+ T cell responses are detectable in individuals with primary HIV infection and eliminate HIV-infected CD4+ T cells prior to virus production in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disproportionately affects people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men, but data on female sex workers (FSW) are limited. (who.int)
Globally, an estimated 71 million people were living with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and 1.75 million were newly infected with HCV in 2015. (who.int)
6 Recent studies in Viet Nam documented high HCV infection prevalence among PWID, with up to 80% of PWID exposed to the virus. (who.int)

His research interests centre largely around viruses and their interaction with hosts, with a particular focus on avian influenza viruses. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Investigation of mechanisms of host resistance to influenza viruses. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Influenza vaccination can reduce the potential causes of MAARI include infections with variant influenza viruses by RT-PCR because influenza is an area where personnel work with the Associated Press. (junemeredew.com)

If malware somehow breaches the prevention barrier, premier antivirus with advanced firewall protection can stop all known viruses, worms, and trojans. (faronics.com)
Fixed an issue where Anti-Virus and Anti-Malware clients failed to install or uninstall. (kaseya.com)
This can possibly check phishing, virus, and other malware sites and applications. (esecurityplanet.com)
When it comes to delivering top-tier security against new and old viruses, malware, and other online threats, the application performs admirably. (techmaze.org)
Protecting your network from viruses, malware, spyware & more. (corebtech.com)
UnHackMe 14.60.2023.0131 Crack is one of the great anti-virus software like virus protection, malware detection, horse removal, and breach of the final document function, there are no problems on the Windows platform only. (pcrackbox.com)

Antivirus checking makes your downloads free from viruses and trojans. (ucoz.com)

Based on an infectious foamy virus molecular clone, a set of constructs harboring mutations at the 5' end of the U3 region in the 3' LTR was analyzed for particle export, reverse transcription, and replication. (iegt-rostock.de)
Two essential steps in the HIV life cycle are replication - when the virus turns its RNA copy into DNA - and integration - the moment when viral DNA becomes part of the host cell's DNA. (gsk.com)
Neither qualitative nor quantitative PCR of plasma is sufficient to distinguish between active viral replication and chromosomal integration with HHV-6. (medscape.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Integration of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Most of Tanzanian Fowl Pox Virus Isolates is not attributed to Imported Commercial Fowl Pox Vaccines. (who.int)
Masola S N, Mzula A, Kasanga C J, Wambura P N. Integration of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus in Most of Tanzanian Fowl Pox Virus Isolates is not attributed to Imported Commercial Fowl Pox Vaccines. (who.int)
Aim: To investigate integration of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in the Tanzanian fowlpox virus (FWPV) field isolates, and the imported commercial fowl pox vaccines currently used in the country. (who.int)
Methodology: Fifty five samples of FWPV isolates from naturally infected chickens, and two isolates of FWPV from samples of the imported commercial fowl pox vaccines were analyzed for integration of REV envelope (env) gene and REV 5'long terminal repeat (5'LTR). (who.int)
Postdoctoral research initially concentrated on the development of lentiviral vaccines in the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model. (nottingham.ac.uk)
A number of experimental approaches were used in attempts to improve the efficacy of DNA vaccines for FIV including the use of cytokine adjuvants, codon optimisation and prime-boost vaccination with DNA and killed virus vaccines. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The Current Landscape of mRNA Vaccines Against Viruses and Cancer-A Mini Review. (cdc.gov)
A year later, new ones are emerging: addressing new variants of the virus, vaccination plans and understanding the effects of vaccines. (bristol.ac.uk)
Presentation slides that provide a more detailed knowledge about the H1N1 virus, influenza history, the diversity of viruses that exist, the cycle of the virus, which vaccines and ways to prevent not to contract the virus. (bvsalud.org)

Particularly in today's environment, our prevention partners are continually striving to increase their ability to respond to changing epidemiology, finding new opportunities to meet the needs of communities, and populations at risk for multiple infections offer the opportunity to enhance programs by integration. (cdc.gov)
Current international vaccination strategies for hepatitis B virus (HBV), and advances in the management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, promise to have a major impact on the incidence of HCC, but their benefit will be realized slowly because of the very long latency period-20-30 years-from hepatic damage to HCC development. (medscape.com)
[ 34 ] Detection of co-infections with multiple herpesviruses can also be accomplished, with quantitative results enabling monitoring of virus load during antiviral therapy. (medscape.com)
The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease depends on the stage of the disease and any concomitant opportunistic infections. (medscape.com)
has fal en by more than 51% since of new HIV infections in 2017 oc- the peak in 2004 (Fig. 17.1). (who.int)

Few fully comprehended what public or global health really meant until this virus began its deadly drumbeat in 2020. (nytimes.com)
the international monetary Fund expects that the corona virus will cause a global recession in 2020 to the same extent as, or worse than the financial crisis in 2009. (kxan36news.com)
As COVID-19 outbreaks emerged all around the globe in 2020, the roads to understanding the virus, testing, diagnosis, prevention and vaccination became well travelled. (bristol.ac.uk)

We review the commonly dysregulated miRNAs in liver tumor tissues and plasma/serum of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. (frontiersin.org)

GRASP provides geospatial expertise to support a variety of key public health emergency response efforts for CDC/ATSDR including polio, Ebola, measles global outbreaks, e-cigarettes/vaping, Zika virus, outbreaks, and an ammonia chemical release, among others. (cdc.gov)
Infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria and parasites are responsible for the major childhood diseases (e.g. viruses cause measles and polio while bacteria cause tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis). (who.int)

We attribute this increase to removal of residual host receptor that attached to newly replicated viruses in the cell lysates. (weizmann.ac.il)
USA, 2007 as part of our ongoing investigation for newly identified viruses. (cdc.gov)

We have developed a new in vitro integration assay using physiologically-relevant, reconstituted genomic acceptor chromatin and high-throughput determination of nucleosome positions and integration sites, in parallel. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
These novel in vitro and in vivo approaches confirm that IN has a preference for integration into a nucleosome, and suggest the existence of two levels of IN selectivity. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

Geography but not alternative host species explain the spread of raccoon rabies virus in Vermont. (cdc.gov)
Discovery of Enterovirus A71-like nonstructural genomes in recent circulating viruses of the Enterovirus A species. (cdc.gov)

Ultrasensitive Capture of Human Herpes Simplex Virus Genomes Directly from Clinical Samples Reveals Extraordinarily Limited Evolution in Cell Culture. (cdc.gov)

Two antigenically distinct H1N1 influenza A viruses were isolated during an outbreak of respiratory disease in Quebec swine in 1990/91. (scoop.it)

We analysed the association between different viral integration signatures, clinical parameters and outcome in pre-treated CCs. (eur.nl)
Viral integration may be curtailed when CD8+ T cells are triggered to kill infected CD4+ T cells through recognition of histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-bound peptides derived from incoming virions. (ox.ac.uk)

3. Marked variation in host innate immune response when cells are infected with different virus strains and subtypes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Influenza A virus (IAV) genetic exchange through reassortment has the potential to accelerate viral evolution and has played a critical role in the generation of multiple pandemic strains. (scoop.it)
Vibrio phage CTXphi integrates into the chromosome of V. cholerae at the attB ( dif ) integration site and in some strains appears as a tandem repeat. (ictv.global)

Simply put, a virus scanner not only looks for actual known viruses but also at data patterns within other files which could indicate a virus. (msoutlook.info)

The most frequent integration site in CC was in MACROD2 gene followed by MIPOL1/TTC6 and TP63. (eur.nl)
The recombinant viruses contained only the terminal 191 nucleotides of the AAV chromosome bracketing a nonviral marker gene. (princeton.edu)
When human cells were infected at a high multiplicity with a recombinant virus carrying a drug resistance marker gene, approximately 70% of the infected cells gave rise to colonies stably expressing the marker. (princeton.edu)
Thus, AAV gene expression is not required for normal integration of an infecting DNA containing AAV termini. (princeton.edu)
Briefly, we performed an initial PCR screen- was not detected in HIV-positive plasma or HCV-positive ing specific for the virus capsid protein 2 (VP2) gene by us- serum specimens. (cdc.gov)

Chlorovirus PBCV-1 infects its host, Chlorella variabilis NC64A by specifically binding to and degrading the cell wall of the host at the point of contact by a virus-packaged enzyme(s). (weizmann.ac.il)
The virus infects basal epithelial cells of stratified squamous epithelium. (info-tecuci.ro)
Hepatitis B virus infects many infants and children. (who.int)

During progression of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is harbored in CD4+ T cells, which act as the primary reservoir for the virus. (nih.gov)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and during the birth process or via human milk (vertical transmission). (medscape.com)
Electron microscopy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virions. (medscape.com)
In addition, a supplemental new drug application (sNDA) has been approved for Triumeq tablet, lowering the minimum weight that a child with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can be prescribed this medicine to 25kgs from 40kgs. (gsk.com)
In addition to today's regulatory milestones, an application to approve the new dispersible tablet of the fixed dose combination of abacavir, dolutegravir and lamivudine for the treatment of paediatric patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and to extend the current approved Marketing Authorisation of Triumeq tablets to include a paediatric indication for children is currently under review by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). (gsk.com)
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. (cdc.gov)

Though the COVID-19 pandemic provided a brief respite, influenza virus is back in circulation and, as usual, poses a special danger to people over the age of 65. (scoop.it)
Unanswered questions about the 1918 influenza pandemic: origin, pathology, and the virus itself. (cdc.gov)

LEDGF/p75 interacts with mRNA splicing factors and targets HIV-1 integration to highly spliced genes. (mayo.edu)

Subsequent T cell activation allowed integration of extrachromosomal forms and led to a productive viral life cycle. (nih.gov)
HPV Integration Can Drive the Formation of Virus-Host Extrachromosomal DNA in Tumors. (bvsalud.org)
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Akagi and colleagues characterize the remarkably complex landscape of virus -host DNA molecules in HPV-positive cells , providing evidence for diverse integrated and extrachromosomal virus -host hybrid DNAs with the potential to drive clonal evolution . (bvsalud.org)

Allosteric Integrase Inhibitor Influences on HIV-1 Integration and Roles of LEDGF/p75 and HDGFL2 Host Factors. (mayo.edu)
The co-activator LEDGF/ p75 enhanced integration but did not modify the integration sites under these conditions. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

It outlined implementation options for medium-term integration of molecular/genomic typing information into EU-level surveillance and multi-country outbreak investigations. (foodsafetynews.com)

Only allow approved programs to go through and stops threats like targeted attacks, zero-day threats and mutated viruses. (faronics.com)
in your way AVG Anti-Virus for Windows x64 offers real-time protection against today's most sophisticated threats. (windows7download.com)
Computer protection tool providers construct a vast list of the most recent and existing viruses, malicious Software, and other threats, which allows the tool to detect, flag, and delete dangerous patterns that may harm your system. (techmaze.org)

The polio programme has also strengthened its integration efforts, launching a more systematic collaboration with routine immunization programmes and fostering new collaborations with broader health initiatives. (who.int)

F-Secure Anti-Virus and McAfee top the list with 100 percent detection. (myappleguide.com)
It not only provides exceptional virus, spyware and rootkit detection, but also includes firewall protection for comprehensive, rock-solid security. (faronics.com)

The latter construct in particular showed that the canonical TG motif at the beginning of the provirus is not essential for foamy virus integration. (iegt-rostock.de)
Puede llevarse a cabo por integración del ADN del fago en el ADN bacteriano (LISOGENIA), formación de un PROFAGO, o integración de ADN retroviral en el ADN celular formando un PROVIRUS. (bvsalud.org)
to form a PROPHAGE or integration of retroviral DNA into cellular DNA to form a PROVIRUS . (bvsalud.org)

A method is described for the production of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) stocks that contain no detectable wild-type helper AAV. (princeton.edu)
Since the recombinant viruses with AAV termini contained no sequence homology to the helper DNA, no wild-type AAV was generated by homologous recombination within infected cells. (princeton.edu)

Word from Dr. Paweska, of NICD, in Johannesburg on Friday confirmed this evidence, as the special pathogens team there has isolated the virus from liver samples. (cdc.gov)

For example, because they dated chapters on microbial growth in foods, spores, are leading agents of foodborne illness, further explo- microbiological criteria and indicator organisms, and ration of specific viruses and their transmission and stress responses. (cdc.gov)

Feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins antagonize tetherin through a distinctive mechanism that requires virion incorporation. (mayo.edu)

This green paper describes how CDC's National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP) will work with partners at national, state and local levels to advance its strategic priority of Program Collaboration and Service Integration. (cdc.gov)

Recently, the IDO has been adopted by the virus and bacterial Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) established by the NIAID to serve integration of a broad array of -omics, epidemiological and clinical data. (bioontology.org)
Data loss or corruptions by (accidental) virus pattern recognition. (msoutlook.info)
Informatics goals include data harmonization, data quality control, multi-modality data integration, advanced analysis pipeline such as deep learning, causal inference, real-time decision making, and interpretable models. (embs.org)
Integration of Mutational Signature Analysis with 3D Chromatin Data Unveils Differential AID-Related Mutagenesis in Indolent Lymphomas. (umag.cl)
Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic data integration using BEAST 1.10. (cdc.gov)
You've certainly heard of various Internet Security Programs like Systweak Antivirus, Kaspersky Total Security, or Bitdefender that assist users protect their PCs from invading forces and hazardous viruses while safeguarding their valuable data. (techmaze.org)
A quantitative analysis of the resulting data reveals a chromatin-dependent redistribution of the integration sites and establishes a link between integration sites and nucleosome positions. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

In the midst of these urgent pathways to ensuring the highest standard of health for all, the integration of migrants in vaccination plans becomes urgent. (bristol.ac.uk)

It's available here https://www.ks-soft.net/hostmon.eng/wmi/ , it's a self-contained .exe file so you don't have to install it, and it's virus-free https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/df8e909491da38556a6c9a50abf42b3b906127e0d4b35d0198ef491139d1622c/analysis/ . (datadoghq.com)

Select: Virus & threat protection. (msoutlook.info)
Award winning anti-virus for Windows x64 that just works High quality protection. (windows7download.com)
IT Monteur Firewall Firm team can ensure your business has around the clock firewall and virus protection, guaranteeing your network is free from intrusion, spyware and hackers 24/7. (co.com)
Because of its simplicity, ChromeOS is much more secure than others with frequent and automatic ChromeOS updates available and built-in virus protection. (timesofchennai.com)
UnHackMe Keygen provides a comparison with functions such as virus scanning, virus cleaning, and USB virus protection, as well as integration of login users, which can make this easier. (pcrackbox.com)

Background Human T-lymphotropic virus 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system that significantly affected spinal cord, nevertheless, the pathogenesis pathway and reliable biomarkers have not been well determined. (helsinki.fi)

4. Help with clinical practices to better enable the integration of MH interventions. (bvsalud.org)

For reassortment to occur, distinct viruses must co-infect the same cell. (scoop.it)
The Monographs programme has since been expanded to include consideration of exposures to complex mixtures of chemicals (which occur, for example, in some occupations and as a result of human habits) and of exposures to other agents, such as radiation and viruses. (who.int)
Presentation slides that provide a more detailed understanding of the action of the virus after being contracted, what changes and variations that occur with the body and the affected cells. (bvsalud.org)

The organization supports refugee transition, integration and global education. (maricopa.gov)
Modern organization integration gives companies which has a wealth of rewards. (cositalianhome.com)

With seamless integration and easy-to-use processes, businesses have remained functional due to accessible and cost-effective tech solutions. (smsglobal.com)
3. Expedited the completion of the National Academies Report: Integration of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and NIOSH Processes Used to Evaluate Respiratory Protective Devices for Health Care Workers. (cdc.gov)

Each of these medications targets the virus in different ways. (healthline.com)

Correlations between HPV integration signatures and clinical, biological and molecular features were assessed. (eur.nl)
Differences in influenza virus receptors in chickens and ducks: implications for interspecies transmission Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine. (nottingham.ac.uk)

The general principle needs to be that we will not close Estonia, while we will isolate the virus. (err.ee)

A critical role for alternative polyadenylation factor CPSF6 in targeting HIV-1 integration to transcriptionally active chromatin. (mayo.edu)

Anatomy6

Organisms72

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science5

Cloning and characterization of the promoter region of human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene. (1/1731)

A novel Vpr peptide interactor fused to integrase (IN) restores integration activity to IN-defective HIV-1 virions. (2/1731)

Analysis of the integration functions of phi304L: an integrase module among corynephages. (3/1731)

Integration of banana streak badnavirus into the Musa genome: molecular and cytogenetic evidence. (4/1731)

Evidence that badnavirus infection in Musa can originate from integrated pararetroviral sequences. (5/1731)

HMG protein family members stimulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and avian sarcoma virus concerted DNA integration in vitro. (6/1731)

Dissecting the role of the N-terminal domain of human immunodeficiency virus integrase by trans-complementation analysis. (7/1731)

Retroviral insertions in Evi12, a novel common virus integration site upstream of Tra1/Grp94, frequently coincide with insertions in the gene encoding the peripheral cannabinoid receptor Cnr2. (8/1731)

Virus Integration

Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1

Leukemia Virus, Murine

DNA, Viral

Integrases

Moloney murine leukemia virus

Proviruses

Proto-Oncogenes

Hepatitis B virus

Molecular Sequence Data

Base Sequence

RNA Viruses

Cell Transformation, Viral

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Vaccinia virus

Cell Line

Virus Replication

Receptors, Virus

Virus Cultivation

Cloning, Molecular

Liver Neoplasms

Virus Shedding

Simian virus 40

Virus Diseases

Virus Assembly

Plant Viruses

DNA Viruses

Defective Viruses

Systems Integration

Sindbis Virus

Measles virus

Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype

Rabies virus

Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype

Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype

West Nile virus

Genes, Viral

Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

RNA, Viral

Viral Proteins

Virus Activation

Antigens, Viral

Virus Latency

Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus

Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus

Recombination, Genetic

Genetic Vectors

Oncogenic Viruses

Simian immunodeficiency virus

Vero Cells

Cercopithecus aethiops

Virion

Avian Sarcoma Viruses

Integration Host Factors

Mumps virus

Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human

Tumor Virus Infections

Mosaic Viruses

Avian leukosis virus

Phylogeny

Hepatitis A virus

Semliki forest virus

Antiviral Agents

Neutralization Tests

Viral Plaque Assay

Virus Attachment

BK Virus

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral

Viruses, Unclassified

JC Virus

Orthomyxoviridae

Bluetongue virus

Plasmids

Orthomyxoviridae Infections

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Retroviridae

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Sendai virus

Capsid

Amino Acid Sequence