AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceNamed Groups
ViremiaViral LoadSimian Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeSimian immunodeficiency virusMacaca mulattaHIV InfectionsHIV-1RNA, ViralAntibodies, ViralVirus ReplicationCytomegalovirus InfectionsBK VirusCD4 Lymphocyte CountAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveDNA, ViralAnti-HIV AgentsCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesViral VaccinesPolyomavirus InfectionsSAIDS VaccinesDengue VirusFlaviviridae InfectionsDengueHepatitis CGB virus CAntiviral AgentsCytomegalovirusCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesHIVVirus SheddingDNA Virus InfectionsNeutralization TestsHepacivirusPorcine Reproductive and Respiratory SyndromeAntibodies, NeutralizingWest Nile FeverWest Nile virusPolymerase Chain ReactionOrganophosphonatesHepatitis, Viral, HumanAIDS VaccinesCircoviridae InfectionsHIV AntibodiesPorcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virusMacaca nemestrinaVaccines, AttenuatedHepatitis C AntibodiesGene Products, envAntigens, ViralTime FactorsMacacaYellow fever virusTorque teno virusAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAnti-Retroviral AgentsGene Products, gagDisease Models, AnimalHepatitis, Viral, AnimalAlphavirus InfectionsWest Nile Virus VaccinesPlasmaHIV Long-Term SurvivorsCircovirusMolecular Sequence DataDrug Resistance, ViralHepatitis AntibodiesFlaviviridaeDengue VaccinesYellow Fever VaccineLeukocytes, Mononuclear
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the blood.
Viral Load
The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.
Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Acquired defect of cellular immunity that occurs naturally in macaques infected with SRV serotypes, experimentally in monkeys inoculated with SRV or MASON-PFIZER MONKEY VIRUS; (MPMV), or in monkeys infected with SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.
Simian immunodeficiency virus
Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). The genetic organization of SIV is virtually identical to HIV.
Macaca mulatta
A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
HIV-1
The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.
RNA, Viral
Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
Antibodies, Viral
Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.
Virus Replication
The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.
BK Virus
A species of POLYOMAVIRUS apparently infecting over 90% of children but not clearly associated with any clinical illness in childhood. The virus remains latent in the body throughout life and can be reactivated under certain circumstances.
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively suppress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor.
DNA, Viral
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
Anti-HIV Agents
Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.
Viral Vaccines
Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.
Polyomavirus Infections
Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).
SAIDS Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent SAIDS; (SIMIAN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME); and containing inactivated SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS or type D retroviruses or some of their component antigens.
Dengue Virus
A species of the genus FLAVIVIRUS which causes an acute febrile and sometimes hemorrhagic disease in man. Dengue is mosquito-borne and four serotypes are known.
Flaviviridae Infections
Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE.
Dengue
An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.
GB virus C
A species of virus (unassigned to a genus) in the family FLAVIVIRIDAE. It is genetically heterogeneous, of human origin, and transmitted by blood or blood products. Despite its alternate name (Hepatitis G virus), its pathogenicity remains controversial.
Antiviral Agents
Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.
Virus Shedding
The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).
DNA Virus Infections
Neutralization Tests
The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).
Hepacivirus
A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by outbreaks of late term abortions, high numbers of stillbirths and mummified or weak newborn piglets, and respiratory disease in young unweaned and weaned pigs. It is caused by PORCINE RESPIRATORY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYNDROME VIRUS. (Radostits et al., Veterinary Medicine, 8th ed, p1048)
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.
West Nile Fever
A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71)
West Nile virus
A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Organophosphonates
Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).
AIDS Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.
Circoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CIRCOVIRIDAE.
HIV Antibodies
Antibodies reactive with HIV ANTIGENS.
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
A species of ARTERIVIRUS causing reproductive and respiratory disease in pigs. The European strain is called Lelystad virus. Airborne transmission is common.
Macaca nemestrina
A species of the genus MACACA which inhabits Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo. It is one of the most arboreal species of Macaca. The tail is short and untwisted.
Vaccines, Attenuated
Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.
Hepatitis C Antibodies
Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.
Gene Products, env
Retroviral proteins, often glycosylated, coded by the envelope (env) gene. They are usually synthesized as protein precursors (POLYPROTEINS) and later cleaved into the final viral envelope glycoproteins by a viral protease.
Antigens, Viral
Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Macaca
A genus of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, consisting of 16 species inhabiting forests of Africa, Asia, and the islands of Borneo, Philippines, and Celebes.
Yellow fever virus
The type species of the FLAVIVIRUS genus. Principal vector transmission to humans is by AEDES spp. mosquitoes.
Torque teno virus
A species of non-enveloped DNA virus in the genus ANELLOVIRUS, associated with BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS; and HEPATITIS. However, no etiological role has been found for TTV in hepatitis.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Agents used to treat RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.
Gene Products, gag
Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. The products are usually synthesized as protein precursors or POLYPROTEINS, which are then cleaved by viral proteases to yield the final products. Many of the final products are associated with the nucleoprotein core of the virion. gag is short for group-specific antigen.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.
Alphavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by members of the ALPHAVIRUS genus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE.
West Nile Virus Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with WEST NILE VIRUS.
Plasma
The residual portion of BLOOD that is left after removal of BLOOD CELLS by CENTRIFUGATION without prior BLOOD COAGULATION.
HIV Long-Term Survivors
Persons who have experienced prolonged survival of HIV infection. This includes the full spectrum of untreated, HIV-infected long-term asymptomatics to those with AIDS who have survived due to successful treatment.
Circovirus
A genus of the family CIRCOVIRIDAE that infects SWINE; PSITTACINES; and non-psittacine BIRDS. Species include Beak and feather disease virus causing a fatal disease in psittacine birds, and Porcine circovirus causing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs (PORCINE POSTWEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME).
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Drug Resistance, Viral
The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.
Hepatitis Antibodies
Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.
Flaviviridae
A family of RNA viruses, many of which cause disease in humans and domestic animals. There are three genera FLAVIVIRUS; PESTIVIRUS; and HEPACIVIRUS, as well as several unassigned species.
Dengue Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with DENGUE VIRUS. These include live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, and inactivated vaccines.
Yellow Fever Vaccine
Vaccine used to prevent YELLOW FEVER. It consists of a live attenuated 17D strain of the YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.
Leukocytes, Mononuclear
Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) specific immune responses in anti-HCV positive patients without hepatitis C viraemia. (1/2101)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Most patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) develop chronic infection and persistent viraemia. The immune mechanisms responsible for resolution of viraemia remain poorly understood. HCV specific humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with and without viraemia were investigated. METHODS: In vitro T helper (TH) lymphocyte responses to structural and non-structural HCV proteins were determined by means of proliferative response and cytokine production in 35 anti-HCV positive/HCV RNA negative patients and in 31 patients with chronic HCV infection and persistent viraemia. Humoral responses were determined by measuring HCV specific antibody quantity and specificity. RESULTS: A TH response to two or more HCV proteins was present in 18 of 35 patients with serological viral clearance compared with just one of 31 viraemic patients (p = 0.00001). HCV specific interferon-gamma production was increased only in the former group. In contrast, the antibody levels were significantly lower and directed at fewer HCV antigens in patients with undetectable HCV RNA. CONCLUSIONS: Patients without viraemia after HCV infection frequently have strong TH lymphocyte responses of the TH1 type to multiple HCV antigens many years after the onset of infection, whereas antibody responses are less marked. These results suggest that control of HCV replication may depend on effective TH lymphocyte activation.  (+info)

No evidence for an effect of the CCR5 delta32/+ and CCR2b 64I/+ mutations on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 disease progression among HIV-1-infected injecting drug users. (2/2101)

The relationship between CCR5 and CCR2b genotypes and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 disease progression was studied among the 108 seroconverters of the Amsterdam cohort of injecting drug users (IDUs). In contrast to earlier studies among homosexual men, no effect on disease progression of the CCR5 Delta32/+ and the CCR2b 64I/+ genotypes was found, when progression to AIDS, death, or a CD4 cell count <200/microL was compared by a Cox proportional hazards model. Furthermore, CD4 cell decline (by a regression model for repeated measurements) and virus load in the first 3 years after seroconversion did not differ between the CCR5 and CCR2b wild type and heterozygous genotypes. A nested matched case-control study also revealed no significant effect of the CCR5 and CCR2b mutations. Immunologic differences between IDUs and homosexual men may account for the observed lack of effect. Alternatively, difference in transmission route or characteristics of the HIV-1 variants that circulate in IDUs could also explain this phenomenon.  (+info)

Persistently high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) loads in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic active EBV infection. (3/2101)

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) is a severe illness with unusual EBV activation that persists for years, and its pathogenesis is largely unknown. After the creation of an accurate and reproducible polymerase chain reaction system to quantify EBV DNA, virus loads in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were determined in 54 children: 15 with CAEBV, 16 with infectious mononucleosis (IM), and 23 healthy children. Children with CAEBV and those with IM had high virus loads. Lower loads were detected in 47% of seropositive healthy donors. There were two distinct differences between children with CAEBV and those with IM: The former had greater viral replication (10(3)-10(7) copies/2.5x10(5) PBL) than those with IM, and viral replication declined in children with IM whereas active replication persisted for years in subjects with CAEBV. Persisting high virus loads are a possible diagnostic criterion for CAEBV. EBV loads may enable classification and prognosis of EBV infections.  (+info)

High prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infections in dialysis staff. (4/2101)

BACKGROUND: Patients on renal replacement therapy, haemodialysis (HD), or after kidney transplantation (TX), are known to be at risk of acquiring blood-borne infections (HBV, HCV). GBV-C/Hepatitis G virus (HGV) has been described recently and is considered to cause blood-borne infections. The aim of this study was to analyse the risk for the medical staff of HD and TX patients to acquire HGV infection. METHODS: Eighty-five HD patients and 86 TX recipients were compared with 49 health-care workers and 64 blood donors as controls. The HGV prevalence was determined by RT-PCR and antibodies to E2 protein. RESULTS: A high prevalence of HGV was found in the medical staff (24%) which nearly corresponded to the prevalence of the patients (TX 36%, HD 25%) but not to the controls (9%). In contrast, the prevalence of HCV was low in the medical staff (2%) and controls (0%) but high in HD (13%) and TX (13%). Age and duration of employment in the department did not significantly influence the HGV prevalence in staff. The number of viraemic subjects in staff was high, possibly indicating a more recent infection. CONCLUSION: An occupational risk for HGV exists in medical staff of dialysis and transplant patients. Further routes of transmission than only parenteral may play a role in this setting.  (+info)

Activation in vivo of retroperitoneal fibromatosis-associated herpesvirus, a simian homologue of human herpesvirus-8. (5/2101)

Retroperitoneal fibromatosis-associated herpesvirus of rhesus macaques (RFHVMm) is a gammaherpesvirus closely related to human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), which is thought to be a necessary cofactor for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in humans. Here, RFHVMm infection of rhesus macaques exposed to the D-type retrovirus simian retrovirus-2 (SRV-2) is described. Development of SRV-2 viraemia, infection with simian immunodeficiency virus or administration of cyclosporin A could result in persistent RFHVMm viraemia. From this, it is concluded that productive retrovirus infection or otherwise-induced immune suppression has the ability to activate this herpesvirus in vivo. Elevated levels of circulating interleukin-6, a cytokine that plays a central role in KS, were found in RFHVMm-viraemic animals. In viraemic animals, RFHVMm was found in tissues that are common sites for the development of AIDS-associated KS, especially the oral cavity. Together, these data suggest a common biology between RFHVMm infection of macaques and HHV-8 infection and pathogenesis in humans.  (+info)

Clinical significance of expression of human cytomegalovirus pp67 late transcript in heart, lung, and bone marrow transplant recipients as determined by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. (6/2101)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection was monitored retrospectively by qualitative determination of pp67 mRNA (a late viral transcript) by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) in a series of 50 transplant recipients, including 26 solid-organ (11 heart and 15 lung) transplant recipients (SOTRs) and 24 bone marrow transplant recipients (BMTRs). NASBA results were compared with those obtained by prospective quantitation of HCMV viremia and antigenemia and retrospective quantitation of DNA in leukocytes (leukoDNAemia). On the whole, 29 patients were NASBA positive, whereas 10 were NASBA negative, and the blood of 11 patients remained HCMV negative. NASBA detected HCMV infection before quantitation of viremia did but after quantitation of leukoDNAemia and antigenemia did. In NASBA-positive blood samples, median levels of viremia, antigenemia, and leukoDNAemia were significantly higher than the relevant levels detected in NASBA-negative HCMV-positive blood samples. By using the quantitation of leukoDNAemia as the "gold standard," the analytical sensitivity (47.3%), as well as the negative predictive value (68. 3%), of NASBA for the diagnosis of HCMV infection intermediate between that of antigenemia quantitation (analytical sensitivity, 72. 3%) and that of viremia quantitation (analytical sensitivity, 28.7%), while the specificity and the positive predictive value were high (90 to 100%). However, with respect to the clinically relevant antigenemia cutoff of >/=100 used in this study for the initiation of preemptive therapy in SOTRs with reactivated HCMV infection, the clinical sensitivity of NASBA reached 100%, with a specificity of 68. 9%. Upon the initiation of antigenemia quantitation-guided treatment, the actual median antigenemia level was 158 (range, 124 to 580) in SOTRs who had reactivated infection and who presented with NASBA positivity 3.5 +/- 2.6 days in advance and 13.5 (range, 1 to 270) in the group that included BMTRs and SOTRs who had primary infection (in whom treatment was initiated upon the first confirmation of detection of HCMV in blood) and who presented with NASBA positivity 2.0 +/- 5.1 days later. Following antiviral treatment, the durations of the presence of antigenemia and pp67 mRNA in blood were found to be similar. In conclusion, monitoring of the expression of HCMV pp67 mRNA appears to be a promising, well-standardized tool for determination of the need for the initiation and termination of preemptive therapy. Its overall clinical impact should be analyzed in future prospective studies.  (+info)

Multicenter comparison of the digene hybrid capture CMV DNA assay (version 2.0), the pp65 antigenemia assay, and cell culture for detection of cytomegalovirus viremia. (7/2101)

We compared the Digene Hybrid Capture CMV DNA Assay version 2.0, the pp65 antigenemia assay, traditional tube culture, and shell vial culture for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in several patient populations at three centers. Of 561 blood specimens collected from 402 patients, complete clinical and laboratory data were available for 489. Using consensus definitions for true positives and true negatives, the sensitivities of the Hybrid Capture assay, antigenemia, shell vial, and tube culture were 95, 94, 43, and 46%, respectively. The specificities of the Hybrid Capture assay and antigenemia were 95 and 94%, respectively. At all three study sites, the detected level of CMV viremia was significantly higher with the Hybrid Capture assay or antigenemia than with shell vial and tube culture. In a group of 131 healthy nonimmunosuppressed volunteers, the Hybrid Capture assay demonstrated a specificity of over 99%. The Hybrid Capture assay is a standardized assay that is simple to perform and can utilize whole blood specimens that have been stored for up to 48 h. The high sensitivity and specificity of the Hybrid Capture assay along with its simplicity and flexibility make it a clinically useful assay for the detection of CMV viremia in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients. Further evaluation to determine its role in predicting CMV disease and for monitoring the therapeutic response to anti-CMV therapy is needed.  (+info)

Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8(+) T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. (8/2101)

To determine the role of CD8(+) T cells in controlling simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in vivo, we examined the effect of depleting this cell population using an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, OKT8F. There was on average a 99.9% reduction of CD8 cells in peripheral blood in six infected Macaca mulatta treated with OKT8F. The apparent CD8 depletion started 1 h after antibody administration, and low CD8 levels were maintained until day 8. An increase in plasma viremia of one to three orders of magnitude was observed in five of the six macaques. The injection of a control antibody to an infected macaque did not induce a sustained viral load increase, nor did it significantly reduce the number of CD8(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that CD8 cells play a crucial role in suppressing SIV replication in vivo.  (+info)

Viraemic frequencies and seroprevalence of non-primate hepacivirus and equine pegiviruses in horses and other mammalian species...
Non-primate hepacivirus (NPHV), equine pegivirus (EPgV) and Theilers disease associated virus (TDAV) are newly discovered members of two genera in the Flaviviridae family, Hepacivirus and Pegivirus respectively, that include human hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human pegivirus (HPgV). To investigate their epidemiology, persistence and clinical features of infection, large cohorts of horses and other mammalian species were screened for NPHV, EPgV and TDAV viraemia and for past exposure through serological assays for NPHV and EPgV-specific antibodies. NPHV antibodies were detected in 43% of 328 horses screened for antibodies to NS3 and core antibodies, of which three were viraemic by PCR. All five horses that were stablemates of a viraemic horse were seropositive, as was a dog on the same farm. With this single exception, all other species were negative for NPHV antibodies and viraemia: donkeys (n=100), dogs (n=112), cats (n=131), non-human primates (n=164) and humans (n=362). EPgV antibodies to NS3 were
https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/626426/
Hepatitis C viremia and the risk of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected individuals<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hepatitis C viremia and the risk of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected individuals. AU - Lucas, Gregory M.. AU - Jing, Yuezhou. AU - Sulkowski, Mark. AU - Abraham, Alison G.. AU - Estrella, Michelle M.. AU - Atta, Mohamed G.. AU - Fine, Derek M.. AU - Klein, Marina B.. AU - Silverberg, Michael J.. AU - Gill, M. John. AU - Moore, Richard D.. AU - Gebo, Kelly A.. AU - Sterling, Timothy R.. AU - Butt, Adeel A.. AU - Kirk, Gregory D.. AU - Benson, Constance A.. AU - Bosch, Ronald J.. AU - Collier, Ann C.. AU - Boswell, Stephen. AU - Grasso, Chris. AU - Mayer, Ken. AU - Hogg, Robert S.. AU - Harrigan, Richard. AU - Montaner, Julio. AU - Cescon, Angela. AU - Brooks, John T.. AU - Buchacz, Kate. AU - Carey, John T.. AU - Rodriguez, Benigno. AU - Horberg, Michael A.. AU - Thorne, Jennifer E.. AU - Goedert, James J.. AU - Jacobson, Lisa P.. AU - Rourke, Sean B.. AU - Burchell, Ann. AU - Rachlis, Anita R.. AU - Rico, Puerto. AU - Hunter-Mellado, Robert F.. AU - Mayor, Angel M.. AU - ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hepatitis-c-viremia-and-the-risk-of-chronic-kidney-disease-in-hiv-3
Persistent HIV Despite Full Suppression by HAARTPersistent HIV Despite Full Suppression by HAART
Study investigators applied this assay to detect and quantify persistent viremia in 15 pts with HIV-1 RNA suppressed to < 50 copies/ml (as determined by standard methods) for at least 131 days. The single copy assay detected HIV-1 RNA in plasma from 14 of the 15 pts. In one pt, no HIV-1 RNA could be detected in the assay (< 0.25 copies/ml). HIV-1 RNA levels ranged from 1-40 copies/ml with a mean of 9.3 and a median of 3.9 copies/ml. No HIV-1 RNA was detected in plasma from 10 seronegative controls. To investigate whether persistent viremia represented a therapeutic steady-state, we analyzed longitudinal samples from 5 of the pts. HIV-1 RNA levels remained stable (mean cv for pts = 0.34) over the period of observation (up to 7 months). They investigated baseline and on treatment factors for associations with the level of persistent viremia. Higher levels of persistent viremia were associated with higher pre-treatment HIV-1 RNA levels. The lowest levels of persistent viremia were present in ...
http://www.natap.org/2003/Retro/day24.htm
Viremia - WikipediaViremia - Wikipedia
Viremia (UK: viraemia) is a medical condition where viruses enter the bloodstream and hence have access to the rest of the body. It is similar to bacteremia, a condition where bacteria enter the bloodstream. The name comes from combining the word virus with the Greek word for blood (haima). It usually lasts for 4 to 5 days in the primary condition. Primary viremia refers to the initial spread of virus in the blood from the first site of infection. Secondary viremia occurs when primary viremia has resulted in infection of additional tissues via bloodstream, in which the virus has replicated and once more entered the circulation. Usually secondary viremia results in higher viral shedding and viral loads within the bloodstream due to the possibility that the virus is able to reach its natural host cell from the bloodstream and replicate more efficiently than the initial site. An excellent example to profile this distinction is the rabies virus. Usually the virus will replicate briefly within the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viremia
Antiviral Treatment of BK Virus Viremia After Kidney Transplantation by Andrew D. Santeusanio, Benjamin E. Lukens et al.Antiviral Treatment of BK Virus Viremia After Kidney Transplantation by Andrew D. Santeusanio, Benjamin E. Lukens et al.
Santeusanio, A. D., Lukens, B. E., & Eun, J. (2017). Antiviral Treatment of BK Virus Viremia After Kidney Transplantation. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 74 (24), 2037-2045 ...
https://touroscholar.touro.edu/tcopny_pubs/144/
HKU Scholars Hub: Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Hepegivirus 1 Infection in Patients With Hepatitis CHKU Scholars Hub: Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Hepegivirus 1 Infection in Patients With Hepatitis C
Background: Transmission of human hepegivirus 1 (HHpgV-1), a novel human pegivirus, is closely associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The impact of HHpgV-1 viremia on HCV infection is unknown. This study aimed to (a) evaluate the impact of HHpgV-1 viremia on HCV viral load and liver injury and (b) elucidate the clinical and molecular epidemiology of HHpgV-1 infection. Methods: Individuals with HHpgV-1 viremia (cases) were identified by screening plasma from 655 HCV-infected adults. HHpgV-1 isolates were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis, and viral load was quantified. Cases were age- and sex-matched to HCV-infected individuals without HHpgV-1 viremia (controls) in a 1:3 ratio. A retrospective case-control analysis was performed to identify differences in HCV viral load and parameters of liver injury. Results: Among HCV-infected adults, 16/655 (2.4%) had HHpgV-1 viremia. Risk groups for HHpgV-1 infection included intravenous drug users, blood product recipients, tattoo recipients, and men who ...
http://repository.hku.hk/handle/10722/284102
JCI - Blood kinetics of Ebola virus in survivors and nonsurvivorsJCI - Blood kinetics of Ebola virus in survivors and nonsurvivors
0.011) higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors from day 2 after the onset of symptoms. Survivors reached peak viremia levels at an earlier time after symptom onset than nonsurvivors (day 5 versus day 7) and had lower mean peak viremia levels compared with nonsurvivors (7.46 log cp/ml; 95% CI, 7.17-7.76 vs. 8.60 log cp/ml; 95% CI, 8.27-8.93). Before reaching peak values, EBOV viremia similarly increased both in survivors and nonsurvivors; however, the decay of viremia after the peak was much stronger in survivors than in nonsurvivors.. ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/83111/table/3
Effects of HIV viremia on the gastrointestinal microbiome of young MSMEffects of HIV viremia on the gastrointestinal microbiome of young MSM
Our study shows that, after accounting for the influence of multiple confounding factors, HIV is associated with dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal microbiome in a dose-dependent manner. This analytic approach may allow for better identification of true microbial associations by limiting the effects …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30649052/
HIV Reservoir SizeHIV Reservoir Size
In the present study, we set out to determine the degrees of residual plasma viremia in a large number of infected individuals receiving ART and to determine immunological or virological parameters that may correlate with residual plasma viremia. Residual plasma viremia was determined in quadruplicate using an automated system to minimize quantitative errors often associated with the detection of extremely low levels of viral RNA. We have demonstrated detectable levels of residual plasma viremia (1-49 copies/mL) in the majority of study participants receiving ART in whom plasma viremia had been suppressed for extended periods of time, as measured by a standard clinical assay (with a limit of detection of 50 copies/mL). Furthermore, we found a correlation between the level of residual plasma viremia and the frequency of CD4+ T cells carrying HIV proviral DNA. Of note, due to the limited amounts of blood obtained from the study subjects, we could not conduct the quantitative coculture assays that ...
http://www.natap.org/2011/HIV/062011_01.htm
Simplification From Protease Inhibitors to Raltegravir - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govSimplification From Protease Inhibitors to Raltegravir - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
A switch from protease inhibitors (PIs) to raltegravir (RAL) will be effective virologically and immunologically. Moreover, it will be associated with significant improvements in the lipid profile in HIV patients with undetectable viremia on PIs. In this setting, RAL once a day (QD) will perform as well as RAL twice a day (BID ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00941083?order=145
CD8+ T-cell responses to different HIV proteins have discordant associations with viral load. - Department of Paediatrics
Selection of T-cell vaccine antigens for chronic persistent viral infections has been largely empirical. To define the relationship, at the population level, between the specificity of the cellular immune response and viral control for a relevant human pathogen, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the 160 dominant CD8(+) T-cell responses in 578 untreated HIV-infected individuals from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Of the HIV proteins targeted, only Gag-specific responses were associated with lowering viremia. Env-specific and Accessory/Regulatory protein-specific responses were associated with higher viremia. Increasing breadth of Gag-specific responses was associated with decreasing viremia and increasing Env breadth with increasing viremia. Association of the specific CD8(+) T-cell response with low viremia was independent of HLA type and unrelated to epitope sequence conservation. These population-based data, suggesting the existence of both effective immune responses and responses lacking
https://www.paediatrics.ox.ac.uk/publications/27200
CD8+ T-cell responses to different HIV proteins have discordant associations with viral load. | Mullins Molecular Retrovirology...CD8+ T-cell responses to different HIV proteins have discordant associations with viral load. | Mullins Molecular Retrovirology...
Selection of T-cell vaccine antigens for chronic persistent viral infections has been largely empirical. To define the relationship, at the population level, between the specificity of the cellular immune response and viral control for a relevant human pathogen, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the 160 dominant CD8(+) T-cell responses in 578 untreated HIV-infected individuals from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Of the HIV proteins targeted, only Gag-specific responses were associated with lowering viremia. Env-specific and Accessory/Regulatory protein-specific responses were associated with higher viremia. Increasing breadth of Gag-specific responses was associated with decreasing viremia and increasing Env breadth with increasing viremia. Association of the specific CD8(+) T-cell response with low viremia was independent of HLA type and unrelated to epitope sequence conservation. These population-based data, suggesting the existence of both effective immune responses and responses lacking ...
https://mullinslab.microbiol.washington.edu/publications/87-CD8-T-cell-responses-to-different-HIV-proteins-have-discordant-associations-with-viral-load
Figure 2 - Evaluation of Viremia Frequencies of a Novel Human Pegivirus by Using Bioinformatic Screening and PCR - Volume 22,...
Next-generation sequencing has critical applications in virus discovery, diagnostics, and environmental surveillance. We used metagenomic sequence libraries for retrospective screening of plasma samples for the recently discovered human hepegivirus 1 (HHpgV-1). From a cohort of 150 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive case-patients, we identified 2 persons with HHpgV-1 viremia and a high frequency of human pegivirus (HPgV) viremia (14%). Detection of HHpgV-1 and HPgV was concordant with parallel PCR-based screening using conserved primers matching groups 1 (HPgV) and 2 (HHPgV-1) nonstructural 3 region sequences. PCR identified 1 HHPgV-1-positive person with viremia from a group of 195 persons with hemophilia who had been exposed to nonvirally inactivated factor VII/IX; 18 (9%) were HPgV-positive. Relative to HCV and HPgV, active infections with HHpgV-1 were infrequently detected in blood, even in groups that had substantial parenteral exposure. Our findings are consistent with lower transmissibility or
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/4/15-1812-f2
glossary:viremia
The presence of a virus in the blood. Viremia is analogous to bacteremia (the presence of bacteria in the blood) and parasitemia (the presence of a parasite in the blood). Viremia, bacteremia and parasitemia are all forms of sepsis (bloodstream infection). The term viremia was compounded from virus and -emia (in the blood). ...
http://aqmx.lymphedemapeople.com/wiki/doku.php?id=glossary:viremia
Background HIV Top notch controllers (EC) suppress HIV viremia without ART | Resveratrol downregulates PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling...Background HIV Top notch controllers (EC) suppress HIV viremia without ART | Resveratrol downregulates PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling...
Background HIV Top notch controllers (EC) suppress HIV viremia without ART yet previous studies demonstrated that EC maintain an activated T cell phenotype. were quantified using ELISA. Results In the EChi group expression of activation exhaustion and immunosensescence markers on T cells were significantly reduced compared to the EClo group and similar to the seronegative controls. The EChi group expressed higher levels of co-stimulatory molecules CD28 and CD73 and had WYE-125132 lower levels of monocyte activation (HLA-DR expression) with a reduced frequency of inflammatory monocyte (CD14++CD16+) subset. Furthermore the EChi group maintained a stable CD4% during a median follow up of six years. Conclusions Elite controllers with preserved CD4 T cells (EChi) have normal T cell and monocyte phenotypes and therefore may have limited benefit from antiretroviral therapy (ART). CD4% can be an important marker WYE-125132 for evaluating future studies aimed at determining the need for ART in this group ...
http://87paydays.info/background-hiv-top-notch-controllers-ec-suppress-hiv-viremia-without-art/
HIV-1 induces phenotypic and functional perturbations of B cells in chronically infected individuals | PNASHIV-1 induces phenotypic and functional perturbations of B cells in chronically infected individuals | PNAS
In the present study we have demonstrated that the defect in proliferation in vitro in response to various stimuli of B cells of HIV-infected patients is directly related to the level of ongoing viral replication in vivo. B cells of patients with high plasma viremia showed consistent functional impairment when compared with B cells of the same patients assayed at times of low plasma viremia. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that viremia induces the appearance of a subpopulation of B cells that express reduced levels of CD21. In several respects, this subpopulation of B cells resembles plasma cells, exhibiting typical morphological features of plasma cells and enhanced levels of Ig secretion when compared with their CD21-enriched counterparts. However, certain features of normal plasma cells, such as reduced expression of CD20 and surface Ig (23), did not segregate with CD21 expression (data not shown), indicating that the CD21low B cells of HIV viremic patients were engaged only partially in ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/98/18/10362?ijkey=0cf06805e3553b0e55f56733cb87f3f1529ee9c4&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Rebound of plasma viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy despite profoundly low levels of HIV reservoir:...
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https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/124390
Different pattern of stool and plasma gastrointestinal damage biomarkers during primary and chronic HIV infection | IrsiCaixaDifferent pattern of stool and plasma gastrointestinal damage biomarkers during primary and chronic HIV infection | IrsiCaixa
Soluble (s)CD14 was significantly associated with the CD4/CD8 ratio (P , 0.05) and viremia levels (P , 0.0001) during PHI. Plasma zonulin and stool lactoferrin were significantly higher in PHI as compared to CHI-individuals (P , 0.05). Plasma zonulin demonstrated the best accuracy to identify PHI among HIV-infected individuals (AUC = 0.85 [95% CI 0.75-0.94]). Using a cutoff value of plasma zonulin ≥ 8.75 ng/mL the model identified PHI with 87.7% sensitivity (95% CI 76.3-94.9) and 69.2% specificity (95% CI 48.2-85.7). An adjusted multivariate model including age, plasma zonulin and sCD14 further increased the classification performance (AUC = 0.92 [95% CI 0.86-0.99]).. ...
http://www.irsicaixa.es/es/different-pattern-stool-and-plasma-gastrointestinal-damage-biomarkers-during-primary-and-chronic-hiv
2018-2019 RNA Seminars2018-2019 RNA Seminars
1.) Mark Painter, PhD candidate from the Kathleen Collins research group Title of talk: Contributions of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell HIV reservoir to persistent viremia in treated HIV patients Keywords: RNA virus, HIV, Latency, Viremia, Reverse transcription, RNA secondary structure, tRNA priming (abstract ...
https://rna.umich.edu/2018-2019-rna-seminars/
Intermittent viremia during first-line, protease inhibitors-co...Intermittent viremia during first-line, protease inhibitors-co...
Intermittent viremia during first-line, protease inhibitors-containing therapy: significance and relationship with drug resistance.: The occurrence of IV | 500
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/intermittent-viremia-during-first-line-protease-inhibitors-containing-therapy-significance-relationship-drug-resistance-21f504de
What is a word vir meaning. Definition of vir.
Words Beginning With vir: viraemia,viraemias,viraemic,viraginian,viraginous,virago,viragoes,viragoish,viragos,viral,virally,viranda,virandas,virando,virandos,vire,vired,virelai,virelais,virelay,virelays,virement,virements,vire
http://words-beginning-with-vir.phraseinfo.com/s/
Treatment With MSC in HIV-infected Patients With Controlled Viremia and Immunological Discordant Response - Full Text View -...Treatment With MSC in HIV-infected Patients With Controlled Viremia and Immunological Discordant Response - Full Text View -...
Clinical trial phase I/II, of test of concept, blind double, controlled with placebo, randomized, in which a total of 15 patients will be included In an initial phase, there will be included 5 patients of sequential form, with a minimum of 15 days of safety period between the first infusion of a patient and the first one of the following patient. These first 5 patients will not be randomized, being all of them treated with the medicine in investigation. When the last one of these 5 patients has received the first three foreseen doses, the safety information will be evaluated by an Independent Data Monitoring Committee. If this evaluation is positive, it will be continued by the trial being recruited the rest of patients (n = 10). After randomization, 5 of these patients will receive cellular therapy and the other 5 will receive an infusion of the placebo product ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02290041
CSIC attended the workshop Technologies for HIV Self-Testing: Detection of acute or rebound viremia - Viruscan ProjectCSIC attended the workshop Technologies for HIV Self-Testing: Detection of acute or rebound viremia - Viruscan Project
Virus can be unequivocally identified through their mass and stiffness. Proof of principle should be provided during the project: Database of biophysics of virions and VLPs as an outcome of the project.. We propose using optomechanical devices to measure mass and stiffness parameters of virions with unique sensitivity. TRL 3-4.. ...
https://www.viruscanproject.eu/2017/11/03/csic-attended-the-workshop-technologies-for-hiv-self-testing-detection-of-acute-or-rebound-viremia/
Ce se intampla la 3 luni? - Hepatita C - intrebari si raspunsuri - Forum RoportalCe se intampla la 3 luni? - Hepatita C - intrebari si raspunsuri - Forum Roportal
Ce se intampla dupa a 12a injectie? Eu o fac vineri si mi-a zis dr meu ca luni trebuie sa fac analize ptr hemoleucograma si viremia. In cat timp mi se da rezultatul? Nu mai continui tratamentul pana nu primesc rezultatele? Ce fac?
https://www.roportal.ro/discutii/topic/43321-ce-se-intampla-la-3-luni/?tab=comments
Predicting Viral Failure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Perinatally Infected Youth with Persistent Low-Level Viremia on Highly...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Predicting Viral Failure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Perinatally Infected Youth with Persistent Low-Level Viremia on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. AU - Pereira, Ruth. AU - Ludwig, David A.. AU - Mathew, Sunil. AU - Flores, Claudia. AU - Dominguez, Sady. AU - Gonzalez, Ivan. AU - Rivera-Hernandez, Delia. AU - Scott, Gwendolyn B.. AU - Mitchell, Charles D.. PY - 2019/1/18. Y1 - 2019/1/18. N2 - Background: Less than optimal adherence with antiretroviral therapy occurs commonly among human immunodeficiency virus HIV)-infected youth. In this study, our object was to identify patterns in the prefailure measurement of viral load (VL) that can reliably predict virological failure (VF) in HIV perinatally infected youth on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of HIV-infected youth with low-level viremia (LLV), defined as an HIV VL between the lower limits of detection (20-75 copies/mL) and 1000 copies/mL. All patients ...
https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/predicting-viral-failure-in-human-immunodeficiency-virus-perinata
Failure of Haematobia thirouxi potans (Bezzi) to transmit foot-and-mouth disease virus mechanically between viraemic and...
In 2 separate experiments the blood-feeding fly Haematobia thirouxi potans (Bezzi) failed to transmit foot and- mouth disease virus when transferred from viraemic (log 2,6 - log 4,3 MLD₅₀ or TCID₅₀/ml) to susceptible cattle. Each experiment involved 2 susceptible and 2 viraemic animals housed in separate stables and 2000 - 4000 flies of which most had fed on viraemic hosts 120 min prior to transfer. Furthermore, only minimal quantities of virus were isolated from free-living flies captured on experimentally infected buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the acute stages of infection ...
https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/42332
Subclinical Epstein Barr Virus Viremia Among Adult Renal Transplant Recipients: Incidence and Consequences | Transplant Now
EBV viremia occurs frequently after transplantation and can be related to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). However, the consequences of the majority of viremia are unclear. Barnoulid et al. followed EBV viral loads in 383 kidney transplant patients during the first year post-transplant. 40% of patients had at least one detected viremia; viremia was more common in EBV mismatched patients and those that received ATG. While these risk factors for EBV are well known, the authors also found that EBV infection was associated with opportunistic infection and graft loss. This study adds to our knowledge on EBV although further work is necessary to determine what to do with patients who had chronic low level viremia.. ...
http://transplantnow.com/publications/subclinical-epstein_barr-virus-viremia-among-adult-renal-transplant-recipients-incidence-and-consequences
Plasma viremia in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus: plasma viral load early in infection predicts survival....Plasma viremia in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus: plasma viral load early in infection predicts survival....
A reliable method for the quantitation of plasma viremia in nonhuman primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and related viruses is described. This method is based on an established quantitative-competitive PCR format and includes a truncated control for internal assay calibration. Optimization of assay conditions has significantly improved amplification specificity, and interassay variability is comparable to that of commercially available assays for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) quantitation. This procedure was used to monitor viral loads in a group of Macaca mulatta animals that were infected with SIVsmE660 for over 2 years. Highly diverse profiles of plasma viremia were observed among animals, and high viral loads were associated with more rapid disease progression. Spearman rank correlation analyses were done for survival versus three parameters of viral load: plasma viremia, p27 core antigen, and frequency of infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Plasma ...
https://jvi.asm.org/content/71/1/284?ijkey=6e54c46a08a3bbd8e82ac1f54f55a1f585ee4fed&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
An Efficient, Large-Scale Survey of Hepatitis C Viremia in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Using Dried Blood Spots. |...An Efficient, Large-Scale Survey of Hepatitis C Viremia in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Using Dried Blood Spots. |...
This high-throughput screening approach reliably identified HCV RNA extracted from DBSs prepared using whole blood, with a 95% limit of detection of 1196 (95% confidence interval [CI], 866-2280) IU/mL for individual 6-mm punches and 494 (95% CI, 372-1228) IU/mL for larger 12-mm punches. Fifteen infections were identified among samples from the DRC Demographic and Health Survey; the weighted country-wide prevalence of HCV viremia was 0.9% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.6%) among adults ≥40 years of age and 0.7% (95% CI, .6%-.8%) among human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. All successfully genotyped cases were due to genotype 4 infection.. Conclusions ...
https://www.physiciansweekly.com/an-efficient-large-scale-survey-of-hepatitis-c-viremia-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-using-dried-blood-spots/
Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus...Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus...
Virologic and immunologic studies were performed on five patients presenting with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors specific for cells expressing antigens of HIV-1 Gag, Pol, and Env were detected at or within 3 weeks of presentation in four of the five patients and were detected in all five patients by 3 to 6 months after presentation. The one patient with an absent initial CTL response had prolonged symptoms, persistent viremia, and low CD4+ T-cell count. Neutralizing antibody activity was absent at the time of presentation in all five patients. These findings suggest that cellular immunity is involved in the initial control of virus replication in primary HIV-1 infection and indicate a role for CTL in protective immunity to HIV-1 in vivo. ...
https://jvi.asm.org/content/68/7/4650?ijkey=88488643a032302af6648ad628575cfd661cd4c6&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Delayed differentiation of potent effector CD8+ T cells reducing viremia and reservoir seeding in acute HIV infection | Science...Delayed differentiation of potent effector CD8+ T cells reducing viremia and reservoir seeding in acute HIV infection | Science...
We demonstrated that HIV-specific CD8+ T cells exhibit a delay in expansion and differentiation before peak viremia in AHI stages 1 and 2 on the first 18 days of HIV infection. These cells, although generated as early as stage 1, are not expanding fast enough and are not acquiring effector functions to control HIV replication. These results echo the previously reported SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses characterized in the mucosa early after SIV challenge described as too little, too late to control viral replication in the early stages of infection (48, 49). After this initial lag period, HIV-specific CD8+ T cells expand massively and become fully differentiated in AHI stage 3 corresponding to peak viremia about 19 days after HIV infection, concomitant or just after the systemic proinflammatory cytokine burst (50). This full differentiation allows them to kill effectively HIV-producing cells when ART is initiated shortly after this expansion. However, when treatment is not initiated at that ...
https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/377/eaag1809?ijkey=4e62baca6f34a2282c31f0c6c87ad8487249babd&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Interactive World Map | University of Washington - Department of Global Health
African children diagnosed with HIV infection late in disease have a mortality rate often exceeding 20%, and there is an urgent need for novel strategies to improve their prognosis. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and plasma CMV viral load are risk factors for accelerated HIV progression. Additionally, CMV reactivation occurs in up to a third of critically ill non-immunosuppressed patients, and is associated with mortality. This study will focus on CMV viremia in a cohort of children diagnosed with HIV infection while critically ill with aims to determine the impact of CMV viremia on mortality and duration of hospitalization (Aim 1), response to antiretroviral therapy initiation (Aim 2), and Immune activation and inflammation (Aim 3).. ...
https://globalhealth.washington.edu/interactive-map/projects/3087/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-viremia-and-mortality-in-HIV-infected-hospitalized-children?health_topic=424&%3Bfaculty=267
Interactive World Map | University of Washington - Department of Global Health
African children diagnosed with HIV infection late in disease have a mortality rate often exceeding 20%, and there is an urgent need for novel strategies to improve their prognosis. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and plasma CMV viral load are risk factors for accelerated HIV progression. Additionally, CMV reactivation occurs in up to a third of critically ill non-immunosuppressed patients, and is associated with mortality. This study will focus on CMV viremia in a cohort of children diagnosed with HIV infection while critically ill with aims to determine the impact of CMV viremia on mortality and duration of hospitalization (Aim 1), response to antiretroviral therapy initiation (Aim 2), and Immune activation and inflammation (Aim 3).. ...
https://globalhealth.washington.edu/interactive-map/projects/3087/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-viremia-and-mortality-in-HIV-infected-hospitalized-children?health_topic=424&faculty=
Genetic diversity, viraemic and aminotransferases levels in chronic infected hepatitis B patients from Cameroon | BMC Research...Genetic diversity, viraemic and aminotransferases levels in chronic infected hepatitis B patients from Cameroon | BMC Research...
The release of liver aminotransferase into blood circulation following liver cell damage or lysis of hepatocytes is believed to be mostly associated with cell mediated immunity rather than the cytopathic effect of the virus [26]. This liver cell death may be either via apoptosis or via necrosis. Apoptosis in infected hepatocytes (orchestrated by T-cytotoxic cells via the perforin/granzyme pathway) is characterized by little or no cell content spillage into the circulation (following death) since the apoptotic bodies are usually phagocytosed and internally destroyed by macrophages unlike in necrosis where the cells experience unfavourable conditions, swell and burst releasing their content into the circulation. [27]. With this in mind, one may expect to find more AST and ALT in circulation following necrosis rather than apoptosis. However, there is still a challenge in determining which modes of cell death predominate in various forms of liver disease and injury. Apoptosis and necrosis frequently ...
https://0-bmcresnotes-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/s13104-016-1916-7
Degree and length of viremia in adults with measlesDegree and length of viremia in adults with measles
Measles viremia is thought to peak at onset of rash and diminish rapidly over the subsequent 2-3 days. The length of viremia and the proportion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) infected during measles were investigated in 8 adults. Blood was obtained from 7 patients between days 2 and 4 …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1634814/?dopt=Abstract
News Scan for Mar 02, 2016 | CIDRAPNews Scan for Mar 02, 2016 | CIDRAP
Members of the JIKI Study Group reported inconclusive and varied results for use of the antiviral medication favipiravir to treat Ebola virus disease, according to a study yesterday in PLOS Medicine.. The JIKI (hope in the Malinke language) study was a multicenter, nonrandomized trial in which 126 Ebola patients in Guinea received favipiravir and standard care. Because of the perception that randomizing patients to case and control groups was unethical in the situation, data from 99 of the cases were compared with data from historical controls.. Investigators found that administration of favipiravir was ineffective in patients with very high viremia (ie, baseline cycle threshold [Ct] value of less than 20). Among 44 subjects with very high viremia who received favipiravir, the mortality rate was 91% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.8%-91.1%). The mortality rate for people with very high viremia and high baseline creatinine levels (110 mcmol/L or more) was 97%.. Among 55 subjects with moderate ...
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2016/03/news-scan-mar-02-2016
Proliferation, But Not Interleukin 2 Production, of Gag-Specific CD8+ T Cells Is Associated With Low HIV Viremia and High CD4...
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https://www.ndmrb.ox.ac.uk/research/our-research/publications/95286
DeutschDeutsch
Vaccination with UNISTRAIN® PRRS significantly reduced the viral load in sera, the number of viraemic piglets and the length of the viraemia after a heterologous PRRS challenge with a pathogenic Spanish strain. Moreover, vaccination with UNISTRAIN® PRRS significantly reduced the amount of virus excreted, the number of piglets excreting virus and also the duration of viral excretion in saliva after challenge. Therefore, UNISTRAIN® PRRS is a useful tool to reduce the transmission of PRRS virus within and between pig populations.. ...
https://www.hipra.com/portal/de/hipra/knowledge/pubdetail/vaccination-with-unistrain-prrs-in-piglets-reduces-viraemia-and-excretion-of-prrsv-after-a-heterologous-challenge-with-a-spanish-strain
SearchSearch
Background: Interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment suppresses HIV-1 viremia and reduces the size of the HIV-1 latent reservoir. Therefore, investigation of the molecular and immunologic effects of IFN-α may provide insights that contribute to the development of ...
https://escholarship.org/search/?q=author%3A%22Jacobs%2C%20ES%22
SearchSearch
Background: Interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment suppresses HIV-1 viremia and reduces the size of the HIV-1 latent reservoir. Therefore, investigation of the molecular and immunologic effects of IFN-α may provide insights that contribute to the development of ...
https://escholarship.org/search/?q=author%3A%22Ledergerber%2C%20B%22
Impact of BKV Subtype Distribution on BKV Nephropathy, Viremia, and Renal Outcome in Patients After Renal Transplantation. -...Impact of BKV Subtype Distribution on BKV Nephropathy, Viremia, and Renal Outcome in Patients After Renal Transplantation. -...
Factors determining the course of BK viral (BKV) infection remain uncertain. We studied the role of BKV subtype distribution in BKV-infected patients after renal transplantation.-. We performed genotyping of BKV subtypes in 180 BKV-infected renal transplant recipients with BKV nephropathy (BKVN, n=69), BKV viremia (n=94), BKV viruria alone (n=17), and in 29 healthy adults and 11 dialysis patients with spontaneous BKV replication in urine. We then tested, if the frquency of certain subtypes corresponded to the severity of the infection: BKV nephropathy, BKV high viremia (,10000 copies/mL), or BKV low viremia (,10000 copies/mL). -. Ib-2 was the most frequent BKV subtype (135/220. 61%) and subtype IV the second in frequency (50/220, 23%); Ib-1 (10%), Ia (5%), II and III (1%) were less frequent. Subtype IV-infected patients had more often BKVN and/or high viremia of ,10000 copies/mL than patients with other subtypes (31/38 versus 78/125, p=0.02). Patients with low viremia of ,10000 copies/mL were ...
https://atcmeetingabstracts.com/abstract/impact-of-bkv-subtype-distribution-on-bkv-nephropathy-viremia-and-renal-outcome-in-patients-after-renal-transplantation/
Persistent viremia and urine shedding of tick-borne encephalitis virus in an infected immunosuppressed patient from a new...Persistent viremia and urine shedding of tick-borne encephalitis virus in an infected immunosuppressed patient from a new...
A persistent tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in an immune-suppressed patient is presented. Such an unusual clinical case offers the unique chance of detecting persistent viremia associated to the erythrocyte fraction and shedding of the virus in the urine for more than six weeks. The infection occurred in a new area of the Friuli Venezia-Giulia region (North Eastern Italy) where two additional cases are also being reported.. ...
https://arts.units.it/handle/11368/2844132
Hepatitis C virus viremia increases the incidence of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients : Sussex Research OnlineHepatitis C virus viremia increases the incidence of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients : Sussex Research Online
BACKGROUND. Several studies have reported on an association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody status and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the role of HCV viremia and genotype are not well defined.. METHODS. Patients with at least three serum creatinine measurements after 1 January 2004 and known HCV antibody status were included. Baseline was defined as the first eligible estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Cockcroft-Gault equation), and CKD was either a confirmed (,3 months apart) eGFR of 60 ml/min per 1.73 m or less for patients with a baseline eGFR more than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m or a confirmed 25% decline in eGFR for patients with a baseline eGFR of 60 ml/min per 1.73 m or less. Incidence rates of CKD were compared between HCV groups (anti-HCV-negative, anti-HCV-positive with or without viremia) using Poisson regression.. RESULTS. Of 8235 patients with known anti-HCV status, 2052 (24.9%) were anti-HCV-positive of whom 983 (47.9%) were HCV-RNA-positive, 193 ...
http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/47074/
Analysis of Swine Leukocyte Antigen (<i>SLA</i>) class I genes profiles and PERV viremia level in the transgenic porcine herd...Analysis of Swine Leukocyte Antigen (<i>SLA</i>) class I genes profiles and PERV viremia level in the transgenic porcine herd...
Molecular characterization of the SLA (Swine Leukocyte Antigen) genes is important for understanding the immune responses between swine-donor and human-recipient in course of xenotransplantation. Explanation of association between alleles of SLA class I genes, type of pigs genetic modification, the PERV viral titer, and its subtypes may shed light on the nature of xenograft acceptance or rejection and the safety of xenotransplantation. No significant differences in PERV gag RNA level between transgenic and non-transgenic pigs were noted, likewise the type of applied transgene had no impact on PERV viremia. Type of SLA-1 gene profile may correspond with PERVs level in blood and thereby influence on their infectiveness. Screening tests of pigs should also enable selection of animals with low expression of PERV and exclusion specimens with PERV-C in the genome due to possible recombination between A and C subtypes, which may lead to autoinfection. 31.25% of study specimens shows the presence of ...
http://www.vetsci.org/journal/view.html?uid=1438&vmd=Full
Duration of Viral Suppression and Risk of Rebound Viremia with First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural UgandaDuration of Viral Suppression and Risk of Rebound Viremia with First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural Uganda
Little is known about associations between viral suppression, adherence, and duration of prior viral suppression in sub-Saharan Africa. Study participants were from the UARTO study in Mbarara, Uganda. We fit regression models to characterize relationships between average adherence, treatment interruptions, and rebound viremia (,400 copies/mL) following a previously undetectable result. Our goal was to understand the impact of prior viral suppression on these relationships. 396 participants contributed 2864 quarterly visits. Restricted to periods with average adherence ,50 %, each 10 % increase in adherence reduced the odds of rebound viremia by 74 % [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.26, P = 0.002] and 29 % (AOR = 0.71, P = 0.057) during the first 12 months of suppression and beyond 12 months respectively, interaction term P = 0.018. Among periods with adherence ≥50 %, the risk of rebound viremia decreased with increasing adherence during the first 12 months of viral suppression (AOR = 0.73 for ...
https://fieldresearch.msf.org/handle/10144/618825
In HIV-infected Patients on ART, Raltegravir Intensification Has No Effect on Residual ViremiaIn HIV-infected Patients on ART, Raltegravir Intensification Has No Effect on Residual Viremia
Rajesh Gandhi and colleagues detect no significant reduction in viral load after people with low-level HIV viremia had an integrase inhibitor added to their treatment regimen
http://www.medindia.net/news/In-HIV-infected-Patients-on-ART-Raltegravir-Intensification-Has-No-Effect-on-Residual-Viremia-72627-1.htm
Toll-like receptor expression and responsiveness are increased in viraemic HIV-1 infection | FIGHT AGAINST AIDS, Save The...Toll-like receptor expression and responsiveness are increased in viraemic HIV-1 infection | FIGHT AGAINST AIDS, Save The...
FREE FULLTEXT Lester, Richard T; Yao, Xiao-Dan; Ball, T Blake; McKinnon, Lyle R; Kaul, Rupert; Wachihi, Charles; Jaoko, Walter; Plummer, Francis A; Rosenthal, Kenneth L Free Access Article Outline Abstract Objectives: Toll-like receptors (TLR) are important in pathogen recognition and may play a role in HIV disease. We evaluated the effect of chronic untreated and…
https://childrenhivaids.wordpress.com/2009/08/15/toll-like-receptor-expression-and-responsiveness-are-increased-in-viraemic-hiv-1-infection/
JCI - Usage information: No evidence of HIV replication in children on antiretroviral therapyJCI - Usage information: No evidence of HIV replication in children on antiretroviral therapy
It remains controversial whether current antiretroviral therapy (ART) fully suppresses the cycles of HIV replication and viral evolution in vivo. If replication persists in sanctuary sites such as the lymph nodes, a high priority should be placed on improving ART regimes to target these sites. To investigate the question of ongoing viral replication on current ART regimens, we analyzed HIV populations in longitudinal samples from 10 HIV-1-infected children who initiated ART when viral diversity was low. Eight children started ART at less than ten months of age and showed suppression of plasma viremia for seven to nine years. Two children had uncontrolled viremia for fifteen and thirty months, respectively, before viremia suppression, and served as positive controls for HIV replication and evolution. These latter 2 children showed clear evidence of virus evolution, whereas multiple methods of analysis bore no evidence of virus evolution in any of the 8 children with viremia suppression on ART. ...
https://gczp123.com.mobile.jci.org/articles/view/94582/usage
In HIV type 1-infected children cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses are associated with greater reduction of viremia under...In HIV type 1-infected children cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses are associated with greater reduction of viremia under...
The evolution of the HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response in patients receiving potent combination therapy has been well documented in adult patients. However, no study reported whether baseline HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response is linked to treatment outcome. The aims of this study were to investigate both the impact of baseline memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) on treatment outcome and the effect of potent therapy on memory HIV-specific CTL in HIV-1-infected pediatric patients. The study group comprised 30 children who started a first-line combination treatment including at least three drugs from two different classes and were longitudinally followed during treatment. Their memory HIV-specific responses were measured at baseline and during treatment, as well as their plasma viremia and CD4+ levels. The intensity of memory Gag-specific CTL and the breadth of the CTL response at the beginning of treatment were significantly correlated with lower plasma viral load during treatment, independently of
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00013704
Recovery of Replication-Competent HIV Despite Prolonged Suppression of Plasma Viremia | ScienceRecovery of Replication-Competent HIV Despite Prolonged Suppression of Plasma Viremia | Science
In evaluating current combination drug regimens for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, it is important to determine the existence of viral reservoirs. After depletion of CD8 cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both patients and normal donors, activation of patient CD4 lymphocytes with immobilized antibodies to CD3 and CD28 enabled the isolation of virus from PBMCs of six patients despite the suppression of their plasma HIV RNA to fewer than 50 copies per milliliter for up to 2 years. Partial sequencing of HIV pol revealed no new drug resistance mutations or discernible evolution, providing evidence for viral latency rather than drug failure. ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/278/5341/1291?ijkey=311f20490f8cfedbb992cb306a5dcb8073b6efe5&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
What happens to cardiovascular system behind the undetectable level of HIV viremia? | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full TextWhat happens to cardiovascular system behind the undetectable level of HIV viremia? | AIDS Research and Therapy | Full Text
Despite the combined antiretroviral therapy has improved the length and quality of life of HIV infected patients, the survival of these patients is always decreased compared with the general population. This is the consequence of non-infectious illnesses including cardio vascular diseases. In fact large studies have indicated an increased risk of coronary atherosclerotic disease, myocardial infarction even in HIV patients on cART. In HIV infected patients several factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular problems: life-style, metabolic parameters, genetic predisposition, viral factors, immune activation, chronic inflammation and side effects of antiretroviral therapy. The same factors may also contribute to complicate the clinical management of these patients. Therefore, treatment of these non-infectious illnesses in HIV infected population is an emerging challenge for physicians. The purpose of this review is to focus on the new insights in non AIDS-related cardiovascular diseases in
https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12981-016-0105-z/metrics
Nobivac FeLV | Revival Animal HealthNobivac FeLV | Revival Animal Health
Nobivac FeLV is a feline leukemia vaccine labeled to prevent persistent viremia for 2 years after vaccination. Also aids in the prevention of lymphoid tumors.
https://www.revivalanimal.com/product/nobivac-felv/%22%20+%20recommendationsEntry.product_url+%20%22
HBV/HCV viremia - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.comHBV/HCV viremia - Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection - TheBody.com
All acute hepatitis infections will have DNA or RNA in the serum. The TMA goes down to 5 copies but is not necessary to make the diagnosis. The viral loads during acute infections are extremely...
http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Hepatitis/Q138433.html?ic=4003
Delivery, Obstetric | Profiles RNS
Moraka NO, Moyo S, Mayondi G, Leidner J, Ibrahim M, Smith C, Weinberg A, Li S, Thami PK, Kammerer B, Ajibola G, Musonda R, Shapiro R, Gaseitsiwe S, Lockman S. Cytomegalovirus Viremia in HIV-1 Subtype C Positive Women at Delivery in Botswana and Adverse Birth/Infant Health Outcomes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019 05 01; 81(1):118-124 ...
https://profiles3.ouhsc.edu/display/22749
CMVQN - Overview: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA Detection and Quantification by Real-Time PCR, Plasma
CMVQN : Detection and quantification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia   Monitoring CMV disease progression and response to antiviral therapy
https://www1.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Overview/601954
JCI - Ebola viral load at diagnosis associates with patient outcome and outbreak evolutionJCI - Ebola viral load at diagnosis associates with patient outcome and outbreak evolution
2.7 × 10-77) between the initial viremia of survivors (4.02 log10 genome equivalents [GEQ]/ml) and nonsurvivors (6.18 log10 GEQ/ml). At the population level, patient viral loads were higher on average in July than in November, even when accounting for outcome and time since onset of symptoms. This decrease in viral loads temporally correlated with an increase in circulating EBOV-specific IgG antibodies among individuals who were suspected of being infected but shown to be negative for the virus by PCR.. CONCLUSIONS. Our results indicate that initial viremia is associated with outcome of the individual and outbreak duration; therefore, care must be taken in planning clinical trials and interventions. Additional research in virus adaptation and the impacts of host factors on EBOV transmission and pathogenesis is needed.. ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/83162/pdf
Sangamo BioSciences Presents Clinical Data From HIV Study Demonstrating Sustained Control Of Viremia - CareerHospitalSangamo BioSciences Presents Clinical Data From HIV Study Demonstrating Sustained Control Of Viremia - CareerHospital
Data were presented at the Annual Meeting of the European Society of Gene and Cell Therapy (ESGCT and SETGyC Collaborative Congress) which is being held in Madrid from October 25-28, 2013.. These data demonstrate that sustained functional control of HIV in the absence of ART is possible with a single SB-728-T treatment, stated Geoff Nichol, M.B., Ch.B., Sangamos executive vice president of research and development. Our aim is to provide a population of immune memory cells that are protected from HIV infection and are capable of generating an effective immune response against the virus throughout the body. These data represent a further step toward demonstrating the efficacy and durability of this therapeutic approach.. Dr. Nichol added, We continue to follow these Cohort 5 subjects and look forward to presenting a complete data set from this study, and a second ongoing trial (SB-728-1101), designed to maximize the engraftment of SB-728-T in subjects who are not CCR5 delta-32 heterozygotes, ...
https://careerhospital.com/sangamo-biosciences-presents-clinical-data-from-hiv-study-demonstrating-sustained-control-of-viremia/
Browsing by Author Fire, AZBrowsing by Author Fire, AZ
The initial antibody response to HIV-1 is targeted to envelope (Env) gp41, and is nonneutralizing and ineffective in controlling viremia. To understand the origins and characteristics of gp41-binding antibodies produced ...
https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/browse?type=author&value=Fire%2C%20AZ
Incidental findings: December 2005Incidental findings: December 2005
A few years back, I had it bad. I was clinically depressed, and all of the sorrows and tortured issues of my life came flooding back to me, and I wanted to die. I just wanted everything to be over. I wanted to lose all the pain and heartache and self-pity. And one domino kept knocking down another. A girl rejected me. A friend abandoned me. A test was nearly too hard for me. And things just got worse and worse and worse, till I very sternly questioned what it was that made me get out of bed and bother to be alive ...
https://ifinding.blogspot.com/2005_12_01_archive.html
ViremiaViremia
Secondary viremia occurs when primary viremia has resulted in infection of additional tissues via bloodstream, in which the ... Viremia is a medical condition where viruses enter the bloodstream and hence have access to the rest of the body. It is similar ... Primary viremia refers to the initial spread of virus in the blood from the first site of infection.[citation needed] ... Passive viremia is the introduction of viruses in the bloodstream without the need of active viral replication. Examples ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viremia
H.IV+ (Hoarse Industrial Viremia)H.IV+ (Hoarse Industrial Viremia)
... is the fifth studio album by Finnish industrial experimental black metal band, Havoc Unit ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.IV _(Hoarse_Industrial_Viremia)
Spring viraemia of carpSpring viraemia of carp
... virus has been shown to infect a wide variety of fish species including silver carp, grass carp, ... Spring viraemia of carp, also known as swim bladder inflammation, is caused by Carp sprivivirus, also called Rhabdovirus carpio ... Spring Viraemia of Carp expert reviewed and published by Wikivet, accessed 08/10/2011. (Articles with short description, Short ... 2002). "Spring viremia of carp (SVC)". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 52 (3): 261-272. doi:10.3354/dao052261. PMID 12553453. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_viraemia_of_carp
BloodBlood
Viral Infection is viremia. Malaria and trypanosomiasis are blood-borne parasitic infections. Substances other than oxygen can ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood
PoliovirusPoliovirus
In 95% of cases only a primary, transient presence of viremia (virus in the bloodstream) occurs, and the poliovirus infection ... All theories require primary viremia. The first hypothesis predicts that virions pass directly from the blood into the central ... The sustained viral replication causes secondary viremia and leads to the development of minor symptoms such as fever, headache ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliovirus
BK virusBK virus
In bone marrow transplant recipients it is notable as a cause for hemorrhagic cystitis.[citation needed] BK viremia load > 185 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_virus
KoiKoi
In 2002, spring viraemia struck an ornamental koi farm in Kernersville, North Carolina, and required complete depopulation of ... mitchkoi.co.uk Spring Viremia of Carp. Impact Worksheet•17 July 2002 "Blackwater Creek Koi Farms". koisale.com. Lee, Richard (3 ... which causes spring viraemia of carp (SVC). No treatment is known for either disease. Some koi farms in Israel use the KV3 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koi
Étienne de HarvenÉtienne de Harven
De Harven, E; Friend, C (1966). "Origin of the viremia in murine leukemia". National Cancer Institute Monograph. 22: 79-105. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Étienne_de_Harven
VesivirusVesivirus
2006). "Vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans". J. Med. Virol. 30 (8): 693-701. doi:10.1002/jmv.20594. PMC 7166889. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesivirus
Kyasanur Forest diseaseKyasanur Forest disease
They develop tremendous viremia and infect the ticks. The vector for disease transmission is Haemaphysalis spinigera, a forest ... Upadhyaya, S.; Narasimha Murthy, D. P.; Yashodhara Murthy, B. K. (July 1975). "Viraemia studies on the Kyasanur Forest Disease ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyasanur_Forest_disease
GalidesivirGalidesivir
... abrogates viremia in Zika virus-infected rhesus Macaques. Galidesivir is one of several antiviral drugs being ... "A direct-acting antiviral drug abrogates viremia in Zika virus-infected rhesus macaques". Science Translational Medicine. 12 ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galidesivir
Eastern equine encephalitisEastern equine encephalitis
Subsequent replication occurs in other organs, leading to viremia. Symptoms in horses occur 1-3 weeks after infection, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_equine_encephalitis
ChikungunyaChikungunya
Laboratory criteria include a decreased lymphocyte count consistent with viremia. However a definitive laboratory diagnosis can ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikungunya
Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virusLactate dehydrogenase elevating virus
The viremia arises because LDV lyses the cell after replication. The virus is most commonly found in the liver, spleen, lymph ... LDV specifically causes lifelong persistent viremia in mice, but does not harm the host and only slightly harms the immune ... Because the virus causes persistent viremia, virus in the bloodstream, it can be spread by blood-sucking ectoparasites. This is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_dehydrogenase_elevating_virus
Mayaro virus diseaseMayaro virus disease
The virus isolation in cell culture is effective during viremia. RT-PCR helps to identify virus. Serology tests detect ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayaro_virus_disease
Cache Valley orthobunyavirusCache Valley orthobunyavirus
Viremia was recorded seven days after the onset of fever; this is a longer period of viremia than what is normally observed in ... With viraemia lasting 1 to 3 days, they are easily able to spread the virus to vectors including Culicoides midges and Aedes, ... There is a quick period of viraemia before seroconversion and the infection is cleared quickly by the animal's immune system. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_Valley_orthobunyavirus
Feline viral rhinotracheitisFeline viral rhinotracheitis
Viremia (the presence of the virus in the blood) is rare. The virus is shed in saliva and eye and nasal secretions, and can ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis
Human polyomavirus 7Human polyomavirus 7
"Human Polyomavirus 7-Associated Pruritic Rash and Viremia in Transplant Recipients". Journal of Infectious Diseases. 211 (10): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_polyomavirus_7
Infections associated with diseasesInfections associated with diseases
"Chronic Fatigue Syndrome after Human Parvovirus B19 Infection without Persistent Viremia". Dermatology. 216 (4): 341-6. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infections_associated_with_diseases
Human polyomavirus 6Human polyomavirus 6
"Human Polyomavirus 7-Associated Pruritic Rash and Viremia in Transplant Recipients". Journal of Infectious Diseases. 211 (10): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_polyomavirus_6
Havoc UnitHavoc Unit
Its first album under the new name was h.IV+ (Hoarse Industrial Viremia), released in 2008. After five years, in 2013 band's ... Hoarse Industrial Viremia) (2007) Loftus, Johnny "...and Oceans Biography", Allmusic, Macrovision Corporation Jeffries, Vincent ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havoc_Unit
PolyomaviridaePolyomaviridae
"Human polyomavirus 7-associated pruritic rash and viremia in transplant recipients". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 211 ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyomaviridae
Diane HavlirDiane Havlir
Wong, J. K. (1997). "Recovery of Replication-Competent HIV Despite Prolonged Suppression of Plasma Viremia". Science. 278 (5341 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diane_Havlir
Zika virus outbreak timelineZika virus outbreak timeline
Driggers, Rita W. (30 March 2016). "Zika Virus Infection with Prolonged Maternal Viremia and Fetal Brain Abnormalities". New ... "Zika Virus Infection with Prolonged Maternal Viremia and Fetal Brain Abnormalities," which documents the destruction of a fetal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zika_virus_outbreak_timeline
Douglas RichmanDouglas Richman
"Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia" (PDF). Science. 278 (5341): 1291-95. doi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Richman
TibrovirusTibrovirus
Experimental infections of cattle produced viremia, but no observable signs of illness. BHV, BAV, SWBV and TIBV were isolated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibrovirus
Mississippi babyMississippi baby
"Absence of Detectable HIV-1 Viremia after Treatment Cessation in an Infant". The New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (19): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_baby
Viral hemorrhagic septicemiaViral hemorrhagic septicemia
Groocock GH (2007). "Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia and Spring Viremia of Carp: Threats to Aquaculture" (PDF). Cornell University ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_hemorrhagic_septicemia
BunyaviralesBunyavirales
The antibody reaction plays an important role in decreasing levels of viremia. Bunyavirus morphology is somewhat similar to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunyavirales
Bloodstream infectionsBloodstream infections
Antibiotic prophylaxis Dental antibiotic prophylaxis Fungemia Viremia Viscoli, C (2 April 2016). "Bloodstream Infections: The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodstream_infections
Spring viremia of carpSpring viremia of carp
Designated a notifiable disease by the Office International des Epizooties, SVC is caused by a rhabdovirus, spring viremia of ... pring viremia of carp (SVC) is an important disease affecting cyprinids, mainly common carp Cyprinus carpio. The disease is ... pring viremia of carp (SVC) is an important disease affecting cyprinids, mainly common carp Cyprinus carpio. The disease is ... Designated a notifiable disease by the Office International des Epizooties, SVC is caused by a rhabdovirus, spring viremia of ...
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70179928
Association between HLA class II genotype and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C viraemiaAssociation between HLA class II genotype and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C viraemia
DQA1*03 and DQB1*0301 are associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV viraemia, with the primary association likely to be with ... Association between HLA class II genotype and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C viraemia J Hepatol. 1998 Aug;29(2):207-13. ... Conclusions: DRB1*04, DQA1*03 and DQB1*0301 are associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV viraemia, with the primary ... of those infected not developing persistent viraemia. The immune response to HCV may be an important determinant of disease ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9722201/?dopt=Abstract
CN102876811A - RT-LAMP (reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification) detection kit and RT-LAMP detection...
... spring viremia of carp virus). The RT-LAMP detection kit of SVCV comprises 10*ThermoPol Reaction buffer, Bst DNA ( ... and a serotype is only arranged at present.The spring viremia that SVCV causes (Spring Viraemia of Carp, SVC) is a kind of ... Fluorescent quantitative PCR detection method of spring viraemia of carp virus CN107267668A (en) * 2017-08-01. 2017-10-20. 北京科弘 ... Fluorescent quantitative PCR detection method of spring viraemia of carp virus CN105002298B (en) * 2015-05-21. 2018-08-31. 上海市水 ...
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN102876811A/en
Low-level HIV viremia: Definitions, predictors, mechanisms, and clinical outcomes - The Ontario HIV Treatment NetworkLow-level HIV viremia: Definitions, predictors, mechanisms, and clinical outcomes - The Ontario HIV Treatment Network
... low level viremia or low viremia or [low adj2 replication] or low-level viremia or low level viraemia) in titles or abstracts. ... Potential predictors of low-level viremia. Several potential risk factors for low-level viremia and very-low-level viremia have ... Not defined as low-level viremia, but VL , 50 and , 200 copies/mL implied.. Low-level viraemia: A persistent VL between 50-200 ... Definitions of low-level viremia and other related terms. The definitions of optimal viral suppression, low-level viremia, ...
https://www.ohtn.on.ca/rapid-response-low-level-hiv-viremia-definitions-predictors-mechanisms-and-clinical-outcomes/
Effect of oral acyclovir against primary and secondary viraemia in incubation period of varicella. | Archives of Disease in...Effect of oral acyclovir against primary and secondary viraemia in incubation period of varicella. | Archives of Disease in...
The effect of oral acyclovir (approximately 40 mg/kg daily in four divided doses) against primary and secondary viraemia of ... These data indicate that oral acyclovir more effectively inhibits replication of VZV in secondary viraemia than that of the ... Effect of oral acyclovir against primary and secondary viraemia in incubation period of varicella. ... Effect of oral acyclovir against primary and secondary viraemia in incubation period of varicella. ...
https://adc.bmj.com/content/69/6/639?ijkey=0dd230836a18e7ed8b52903cce9a29db434be835&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
KSHV oral shedding and plasma viremia result in significant changes in the extracellular tumorigenic miRNA expression profile...KSHV oral shedding and plasma viremia result in significant changes in the extracellular tumorigenic miRNA expression profile...
... miRNAs in plasma of KSHV infected individuals and determined that their expression levels correlated with KSHV plasma viremia. ... KSHV plasma viremia correlates with KSHV-encoded miRNA plasma levels. A previous study reported that the viral miRNA cluster ... KSHV viremia was determined by quantitating the cell-free KSHV genomes present in the same plasma sample analyzed by RNAseq. ... Our initial analysis detected a correlation between KSHV plasma viremia and the detection of KSHV-encoded miRNAs in plasma (Fig ...
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0192659
The effect and underlying mechanism of yeast β-glucan on antiviral resistance of zebrafish against spring viremia of carp virus...The effect and underlying mechanism of yeast β-glucan on antiviral resistance of zebrafish against spring viremia of carp virus...
In this study, we investigated the effects of β-glucan on the resistance of zebrafish against spring viraemia of carp virus ( ... The effect and underlying mechanism of yeast β-glucan on antiviral resistance of zebrafish against spring viremia of carp virus ...
https://gene-tools.com/content/effect-and-underlying-mechanism-yeast-%CE%B2-glucan-antiviral-resistance-zebrafish-against-spring
Zika Virus Infection and Prolonged Viremia in Whole-Blood SpecimensZika Virus Infection and Prolonged Viremia in Whole-Blood Specimens
Title : Zika Virus Infection and Prolonged Viremia in Whole-Blood Specimens Personal Author(s) : Mansuy, Jean Michel;Mengelle, ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/45625
Frequent Transient Hepatitis C viremia without Seroconversion among Healthcare Workers in Cairo, Egypt - Institut PasteurFrequent Transient Hepatitis C viremia without Seroconversion among Healthcare Workers in Cairo, Egypt - Institut Pasteur
... presented transient viremia, the majority of which occurred within the first two weeks after exposure. None of the workers ... The proportion of HCV viremia among index patients was 37%. Of 73 HCWs exposed to HCV RNA from index patients, nine (12.3%; 95% ... Frequent Transient Hepatitis C viremia without Seroconversion among Healthcare Workers in Cairo, Egypt Aline Munier 1, * Diaa ... presented transient viremia, the majority of which occurred within the first two weeks after exposure. None of the workers ...
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01402015
Rebound of plasma viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy despite profoundly low levels of HIV reservoir:...
Rebound of plasma viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy despite profoundly low levels of HIV reservoir: ... Rebound of plasma viremia following cessation of antiretroviral therapy despite profoundly low levels of HIV reservoir: ...
https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/124390
Hepatitis C minimal residual viremia (MRV) detected by TMA at the end of Peg-IFN plus ribavirin therapy predicts post-treatment...
Dive into the research topics of Hepatitis C minimal residual viremia (MRV) detected by TMA at the end of Peg-IFN plus ... title = "Hepatitis C minimal residual viremia (MRV) detected by TMA at the end of Peg-IFN plus ribavirin therapy predicts post- ... T1 - Hepatitis C minimal residual viremia (MRV) detected by TMA at the end of Peg-IFN plus ribavirin therapy predicts post- ... Hepatitis C minimal residual viremia (MRV) detected by TMA at the end of Peg-IFN plus ribavirin therapy predicts post-treatment ...
https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hepatitis-c-minimal-residual-viremia-mrv-detected-by-tma-at-the-e
Role of HCV Viremia in Corroborated HCV Transmission Events Within Young Adult Injecting PartnershipsRole of HCV Viremia in Corroborated HCV Transmission Events Within Young Adult Injecting Partnerships
Reducing the level of viremia may be an intervention, yet the impact of viremia on HCV transmission is unknown. ... The HCV viremia level was not associated with increased odds of transmission, yet acute HCV infection (seronegative viremic) ... We examined the level of HCV viremia and stage of infection in the HCV-positive partner in regression analyses of HCV ... Role of HCV Viremia in Corroborated HCV Transmission Events Within Young Adult Injecting Partnerships. ...
https://www.rhapp.org/HCV-Abstracts/Role-of-HCV-Viremia-in-Corroborated-HCV-Transmission-Events-Within-Young-Adult-Injecting-Partnerships
Vaccine Glossary of Terms | CDCVaccine Glossary of Terms | CDC
Viremia: Listen [MP3]. The presence of a virus in the blood.. Virulence: Listen [MP3]. The relative capacity of a pathogen to ...
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/terms/glossary.html
HIV viremia and incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients successfully treated with antiretroviral therapyHIV viremia and incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients successfully treated with antiretroviral therapy
... Academic Article ... Our findings demonstrate a high incidence of NHL among HIV-infected patients on ART and suggest a role of HIV viremia in the ... We estimated the hazard ratio for NHL by time-varying HIV viremia categories, accounting for time-varying CD4 cell count using ... Earlier initiation of potent ART and maximal continuous suppression of HIV viremia may further reduce NHL risk. © The Author ...
http://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub699951
ArboCat Virus: Oropouche (OROV)
Section VIII - Susceptibility to Experimental Infection (include viremia). Experimental host and age Passage history and strain ...
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Arbocat/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=351&SID=8
ShareShare
Peak viremias ranged from 104.00 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL of serum on day 2 post-infection (DPI) to 104.98 PFU/mL on 3 DPI ... The viremia profiles of fox squirrels indicate that they could serve as amplifying hosts in nature. In addition, viral RNA in ... although viremias varied between individuals. Oral secretions of some fox squirrels were positive for WNV viral RNA, ... such as the durations and levels of viremia, remain unknown. To better understand WNV infections in fox squirrels (S. niger), ...
https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/75/4/article-p697.xml?rskey=2bqI5w&result=1
IMSEAR at SEARO: Studies on Ganjam virus with reference to viremia in vertebrate hosts & development of antibodies.
Studies on Ganjam virus with reference to viremia in vertebrate hosts & development of antibodies. Indian Journal of ... Studies on Ganjam virus with reference to viremia in vertebrate hosts & development of antibodies. ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/55885
Early Antiretrovirals Shrink HIV Reservoir in NewbornsEarly Antiretrovirals Shrink HIV Reservoir in Newborns
The fact that viremia rebounded so rapidly after treatment discontinuation in the fifth child - despite a very limited HIV ...
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/828979
Genotype-Informed Versus Empiric Management Of VirEmia (GIVE MOVE): study protocol of an open-label randomised clinical trial...Genotype-Informed Versus Empiric Management Of VirEmia (GIVE MOVE): study protocol of an open-label randomised clinical trial...
Genotype-Informed Versus Empiric Management Of VirEmia (GIVE MOVE): study protocol of an open-label randomised clinical trial ... continuation of the same regimen upon viral resuppression or empiric selection of a new regimen upon sustained elevated viremia ... assess if the availability of resistance testing improves clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with elevated viremia ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/saudepublica/resource/pt/mdl-33076866
HAN Archive - 00402|Health Alert Network (HAN)HAN Archive - 00402|Health Alert Network (HAN)
Prolonged Zika virus viremia during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:2611-2613. ...
https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/han00402.asp
Player Jamal Tazi - New Insights Into HIV Persistence, Latency Reversal, and Viremia Rebound - CROI 2015
In order to view the webcast, you must have a currently supported HTML5 compliant web browser with standards-based media playback support on supported versions of the Windows and Macintosh operating systems. Video webcasts require that you have a broadband Internet connection with at least 600kbps of download connectivity. If you are having difficulty with playback of a video webcast, for example playback is buffering frequently, select the "Play audio and slides" link which requires less bandwidth than the video webcasts. If you have trouble with the audio webcast, you may not have sufficient bandwidth on your Internet connection to view the webcasts. If you are still having trouble viewing the webcasts, please carefully review the detailed System Requirements and Troubleshooting Steps webpage. ...
http://www.croiwebcasts.org/console/player/25701?mediaType=audio&
Half a million TB deaths in people with HIV in 2008 | aidsmapHalf a million TB deaths in people with HIV in 2008 | aidsmap
Cytomegalovirus Viremia Increases Mortality Risk in HIV-Associated Meningitis. Cytomegalovirus viremia is associated with an ...
https://www.aidsmap.com/news/dec-2009/half-million-tb-deaths-people-hiv-2008
Nutrients | August 2017 - Browse ArticlesNutrients | August 2017 - Browse Articles
Viremia (p , 0.0001), HAI (p , 0.0012) and C-reactive protein (p , 0.0001); and at follow up in AST (p , 0.0001), Viremia (p , ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/8
Cytomegalovirus Viremia, Pneumonitis, and Tocilizumab Therapy - Volume 17, Number 4-April 2011 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
PCR showed CMV viremia (maximum value 50,413 copies/mL whole blood). A test result for immunoglobulin G against CMV was ... van Duin D, Miranda C, Husni E. Cytomegalovirus Viremia, Pneumonitis, and Tocilizumab Therapy. Emerging Infectious Diseases. ... Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia was low (1,821 copies/mL whole blood). Although the patient likely showed clinically ... van Duin D, Miranda C, Husni E. Cytomegalovirus Viremia, Pneumonitis, and Tocilizumab Therapy. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(4):754 ...
https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/4/10-1057_article
Evaluation of biochemical, hematological, RIBA and PCR assays in predicting viremia in anti-HCV positive patients | AVESİSEvaluation of biochemical, hematological, RIBA and PCR assays in predicting viremia in anti-HCV positive patients | AVESİS
Keywords: antibody titer, hepatitis C, polymerase chain reaction, viremia, MEAN PLATELET VOLUME, TO-CUTOFF RATIOS, HEPATITIS-C ... Evaluation of biochemical, hematological, RIBA and PCR assays in predicting viremia in anti-HCV positive patients ... The detection of HCV-RNA by PCR assays is considered to be the gold standard for confirming the presence of HCV viremia. ... ratios and RIBA assay for HCV viremia. ...
https://avesis.sdu.edu.tr/publication/details/50b6b4d8-c9a5-4348-b424-9b87474f0c3b/evaluation-of-biochemical-hematological-riba-and-pcr-assays-in-predicting-viremia-in-anti-hcv-positive-patients
InfectionCarpReboundViralHepatitisAntiretroviral therapyPersistentSeroconversionIncubation periodDetectionDetectableVaccineAcuteCopiesPatientsSerologyVirologicVertebrateResidualCONCLUSIONSIntermittentReplicationGenotypePlasmaClinicalVirusInterventionLevelControlStudyOralDaysAnalysis
Infection7
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection becomes chronic in most cases, with only 10-20% of those infected not developing persistent viraemia. (nih.gov)
  • We examined the level of HCV viremia and stage of infection in the HCV-positive partner in regression analyses of HCV transmission events that were corroborated via HCV phylogenetic linkage analyses. (rhapp.org)
  • The HCV viremia level was not associated with increased odds of transmission, yet acute HCV infection (seronegative viremic) was. (rhapp.org)
  • Explanations include high-risk behavior during acute infection or missed fluctuations in viremia during acute infection. (rhapp.org)
  • Zika Virus Infection with Prolonged Maternal Viremia and Fetal Brain Abnormalities. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • In this study, we examined how vaccination impacts SIV replication in RMs expressing the MHC-I allele Mamu-B*17 Approximately 21% of Mamu-B*17+ and 50% of Mamu-B*08+ RMs control chronic-phase viremia after SIVmac239 infection. (omicsdi.org)
  • Letermovir has also been studied for lung transplantation and was administered to a transplant recipient with multidrug-resistant disseminated CMV infection (viremia, pneumonitis, colitis, retinitis) in combination with reduced immunosuppression. (medscape.com)
Carp4
  • Designated a notifiable disease by the Office International des Epizooties, SVC is caused by a rhabdovirus, spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). (usgs.gov)
  • In vitro replication of SVCV takes place in the cytoplasm of cultured cells of fish, bird and mammalian origin at temperatures of 4 to 31°C, with an optimum of about 20°C. Spring viremia of carp can be diagnosed by clinical signs, isolation of virus in cell culture and molecular methods. (usgs.gov)
  • In this study, we investigated the effects of β-glucan on the resistance of zebrafish against spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. (gene-tools.com)
  • Spring Viremia of Carp (SVC) Written by Dr Erik Johnson Koi Herpes Virus & Spring Viremia of Carp - What You Should Know* Overview: [caption. (koivet.com)
Rebound1
  • A viral load test is recommended specifically 4-8 weeks after the switch to check for rebound viremia. (medscape.com)
Viral7
  • The definitions of optimal viral suppression, low-level viremia, blips, virologic failure, and recommended management approaches to low-level viremia vary greatly across studies and clinical guidelines. (ohtn.on.ca)
  • Several studies support the supposition that virologic failure is more likely to occur in patients with viral load (VL) ≥200 copies/mL than in those with low-level viremia between 50 and 199 copies/mL. (ohtn.on.ca)
  • The source(s) and mechanisms of persistent low-level HIV plasma viremia are still largely uncharacterized despite improved detection methods, but evidence suggests that it probably largely arises from clonally expanded CD4+ T-cells, although some contribution of ongoing viral replication cannot be excluded (2). (ohtn.on.ca)
  • Using a relatively expansive definition, low-level viremia between 200 and 1,000 copies/mL has consistently been associated with virologic failure, viral evolution, and the emergence of drug resistance (12, 13). (ohtn.on.ca)
  • Participants are randomised in a 11 allocation to a control arm receiving the standard of care (3 sessions of enhanced adherence counselling, a follow-up VL test, continuation of the same regimen upon viral resuppression or empiric selection of a new regimen upon sustained elevated viremia ) and an intervention arm (GRT to inform onward treatment ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Objective: To further our understanding of the risk factors for HCV viremia and the predictors of HCV viral load among women. (elsevier.com)
  • Down-regulated CD122 on CD56dim NK cell in ASCs with massive viral antigens and high viremia is associated with its impairment, which can be restored by IL-2 and/or IL-15, or combined with IFN-α2. (mcw.edu)
Hepatitis1
  • Impact of IFNL4 Genetic Variants on Sustained Virologic Response and Viremia in Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 3 Patients. (ox.ac.uk)
Antiretroviral therapy1
  • [ 9 , 10 ] Other larger studies from similar settings also implicate HIV-specific parameters including CD4 + T-cell count, CD4 + /CD8 + ratio, HIV-1 RNA viremia, and specific antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. (medscape.com)
Persistent1
  • It is possible, though not confirmed, that persistent low-level- and very-low-level viremia may predict higher risk of virologic failure, morbidity and mortality. (ohtn.on.ca)
Seroconversion1
  • Laboratory tests results showed variable ALT preceding anti-HCV seroconversion and intermittent viremia. (biomedcentral.com)
Incubation period1
  • Effect of oral acyclovir against primary and secondary viraemia in incubation period of varicella. (bmj.com)
Detection2
  • Introduction: The detection of HCV-RNA by PCR assays is considered to be the gold standard for confirming the presence of HCV viremia. (sdu.edu.tr)
  • Nucleic acid testing for the detection of hantavirus viremia can be a useful diagnostic tool only if it is performed early in the course of the acute illness, since blood levels of the virus decrease quickly after the onset of symptoms. (nejm.org)
Detectable1
  • To quantify the detectable yellow fever (YF) vaccinal viremia in each vaccine groups (vYF and YF-VAX) in a subset of subjects on Day 0 visit, Day 1 visit, Day 3 visit, Day 5 visit, Day 7 visit, Day 10 visit, and Day 14 visit. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Vaccine1
  • Luis Ochoa, MS, Ph.D., Carthage Innovative Swine Solutions, Carthage, IL "Determining the effects of PCV2 viremia qPCR status of piglets at birth on the response to PCV2 vaccine (CircoFLEX ® ) and subsequent viremia levels and overall growth rate, mortality and culls. (bi-animalhealth.com)
Acute3
  • Recently, we analyzed serum biomarkers by using samples from the Gulu outbreak and identified associations between cytokines/chemokines, acute-phase reactants, markers of coagulopathy, and markers of endothelial function and patient death, hemorrhage, and viremia. (cdc.gov)
  • TT virus in the nasal secretions of children with acute respiratory diseases: Relations to viremia and disease severity. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is possible to detect the virus serology using RT-PCR during the acute phase of initial symptoms and viremia, and also in the urine, but usually by only for 3 to 14 days. (bvsalud.org)
Copies5
  • After achieving virologic suppression of less than 50 copies/ml, most (more than half) of people living with HIV on ART maintain a residual HIV viremia at very low levels (1-10 copies/ml) (2, 4, 5). (ohtn.on.ca)
  • Low-level viremia, defined as two or more consecutive HIV RNA of at least 50 copies/mL, has an estimated prevalence of between 4 and 30% (4, 8, 9), although some unusually low prevalence of less than 1% has also been reported (10). (ohtn.on.ca)
  • However, questions remain about whether low-level viremia between 50-199 copies/mL and under 50 copies/mL, is associated with virologic failure and other potentially negative health outcomes. (ohtn.on.ca)
  • PCR showed CMV viremia (maximum value 50,413 copies/mL whole blood). (cdc.gov)
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia was low (1,821 copies/mL whole blood). (cdc.gov)
Patients5
  • In this study, using a large cohort of 1,759 patients infected with HCV genotype 3, we explore the role of genetic variants on the response to interferon (IFN) and direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens and viremia in a combined candidate gene and genome-wide analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our results provide evidence for a role of genetic variants on HCV viremia and SVR, notably DAA-based, in patients infected with HCV genotype 3. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cytomegalovirus viremia was detected in 16 (72.7%) of the 22 patients with inflammation-associated complications. (lww.com)
  • Overall patients and graft [transplanted organ] survival were excellent and comparable, without evidence of increased serious adverse events of HIV-related complications such as breakthrough viremia, infectious hospitalizations, or opportunistic infections. (aidsmap.com)
  • Il s'agit d'une étude transversale, monocentrique et descriptive, durant 12 mois, incluant les patients âgés d'au moins 18 ans admis en réanimation polyvalente pour un sepsis ou choc septique. (bvsalud.org)
Serology1
  • Diagnosis is based predominantly on serology, as viremia is often short-lived. (rivm.nl)
Virologic3
  • Low-level- and very-low-level viremia can be the result of multiple factors (including virologic factors, ART adherence, etc). (ohtn.on.ca)
  • Much of the challenge in interpreting the significance of low-level viremia comes from the discrepancies between various studies, including the lack of uniformity in definitions of low-level viremia and virologic failure (4, 11). (ohtn.on.ca)
  • Study design: We investigated sociodemographic, immunologic, and virologic factors associated with presence and level of HCV viremia among 1049 HCV-seropositive women, 882 of whom were HIV-infected and 167 HIV-uninfected at their entry into the Women's Interagency HIV Study. (elsevier.com)
Vertebrate1
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Studies on Ganjam virus with reference to viremia in vertebrate hosts & development of antibodies. (who.int)
Residual1
  • We investigated whether minimal residual viremia (MRV) might be detected in these cases by Transcription-Mediated Amplification (TMA). (elsevier.com)
CONCLUSIONS1
  • Conclusions: Substance abuse counseling aimed at eliminating ongoing use of illicit drugs and tobacco may reduce clinical progression, improve response to treatment, and decrease HCV transmission by lowering levels of HCV viremia in women. (elsevier.com)
Intermittent1
Replication1
  • These data indicate that oral acyclovir more effectively inhibits replication of VZV in secondary viraemia than that of the primary viraemia. (bmj.com)
Genotype1
  • Genotype-Informed Versus Empiric Management Of VirEmia (GIVE MOVE): study protocol of an open-label randomised clinical trial in children and adolescents living with HIV in Lesotho and Tanzania. (bvsalud.org)
Plasma1
  • We also detected KSHV miRNAs in plasma of KSHV infected individuals and determined that their expression levels correlated with KSHV plasma viremia. (plos.org)
Clinical6
  • There is a dearth of clinical trials on the management of low-level viremia, and guidelines often reflect expert opinion (3). (ohtn.on.ca)
  • The clinical significance of low-level viremia remains unclear and is an area of particular clinical interest. (ohtn.on.ca)
  • This review summarizes various definitions of low-level viremia and related terms, as well as the current evidence on incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of low-level viremia in people living with HIV and receiving ART. (ohtn.on.ca)
  • The effect of oral acyclovir (approximately 40 mg/kg daily in four divided doses) against primary and secondary viraemia of varicella zoster virus (VZV) was examined in 27 children susceptible to VZV who were exposed to the virus in their families and their clinical features were compared with those of 19 non-treated subjects. (bmj.com)
  • This randomised clinical trial will assess if the availability of resistance testing improves clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with elevated viremia while taking ART . (bvsalud.org)
  • NK cell activities have been associated with early clearance of viremia in experimental simian immunodeficiency virus and clinical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections. (researchmap.jp)
Virus3
  • Eastern cottontail rabbits ( Sylvilagus floridanus ) develop West Nile virus viremias sufficient for infecting select mosquito species. (ajtmh.org)
  • Presencia de virus en la sangre. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is worrying in a virus like RSV that is capable of producing viremia and extrapulmonary dissemination. (vaccinestogether.org)
Intervention1
  • Reducing the level of viremia may be an intervention, yet the impact of viremia on HCV transmission is unknown. (rhapp.org)
Level2
  • What are the factors associated with low-level HIV viremia? (ohtn.on.ca)
  • Current smoking and history of drug use (crack/freebase cocaine, marijuana, amphetamines, or heroin) were each associated with both presence and level of viremia. (elsevier.com)
Control1
  • The association of HLA-B27 and -B57 with control of viremia supports this conclusion. (omicsdi.org)
Study2
  • This retrospective study was conducted to assess the predictive performances of biochemical and hematological parameters, anti-HCV signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) ratios and RIBA assay for HCV viremia. (sdu.edu.tr)
  • As in Canada, PLWH are predominantly men and the majority of them are now over 50 years old, we selected 11 men over 50 receiving ART with undetectable viremia for more than 3 years in this pilot study. (biomedcentral.com)
Oral1
  • Mean daily viremia (± SE) and RT-PCR PFU equivalents (± SE) for oral swab samples. (ajtmh.org)
Days1
  • It is viremia period and lasts 3 to 6 days. (cusabio.com)
Analysis1
  • HCV RNA viremia by PCR analysis was intermittently and even negative in some cases. (biomedcentral.com)

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