AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Viral Plaque AssaySkin Diseases, ViralCat DiseasesVirus ReplicationHemolytic Plaque TechniqueCell LinePlaque, AtheroscleroticDental PlaqueVirus CultivationAntibody-Producing CellsCytopathogenic Effect, ViralRickettsia rickettsiiRickettsia prowazekiiRickettsiaPancreatinHaplorhiniCulture TechniquesIdoxuridineNeutral RedVirologyMethodsVero CellsMethylcellulosePokeweed MitogensRickettsia typhi
Viral Plaque Assay
Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.
Skin Diseases, Viral
Skin diseases caused by viruses.
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
Virus Replication
The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.
Hemolytic Plaque Technique
A method to identify and enumerate cells that are synthesizing ANTIBODIES against ANTIGENS or HAPTENS conjugated to sheep RED BLOOD CELLS. The sheep red blood cells surrounding cells secreting antibody are lysed by added COMPLEMENT producing a clear zone of HEMOLYSIS. (From Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology, 3rd ed)
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Plaque, Atherosclerotic
Lesions formed within the walls of ARTERIES.
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.
Virus Cultivation
Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.
Antibody-Producing Cells
Cells of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called antibodies. Various cell subpopulations, often B-lymphocytes, can be defined, based on the different classes of immunoglobulins that they synthesize.
Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, which is CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL. Viral cytopathogenic effects provide a valuable method for identifying and classifying the infecting viruses.
Rickettsia rickettsii
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the etiologic agent of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER. Its cells are slightly smaller and more uniform in size than those of RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII.
Rickettsia prowazekii
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus fever acquired through contact with lice (TYPHUS, EPIDEMIC LOUSE-BORNE) as well as Brill's disease.
Rickettsia
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria often surrounded by a protein microcapsular layer and slime layer. The natural cycle of its organisms generally involves a vertebrate and an invertebrate host. Species of the genus are the etiological agents of human diseases, such as typhus.
Pancreatin
A mammalian pancreatic extract composed of enzymes with protease, amylase and lipase activities. It is used as a digestant in pancreatic malfunction.
Haplorhini
A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of six families: CEBIDAE (some New World monkeys), ATELIDAE (some New World monkeys), CERCOPITHECIDAE (Old World monkeys), HYLOBATIDAE (gibbons and siamangs), CALLITRICHINAE (marmosets and tamarins), and HOMINIDAE (humans and great apes).
Culture Techniques
Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.
Idoxuridine
An analog of DEOXYURIDINE that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. The drug is used as an antiviral agent.
Neutral Red
A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.
Virology
The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of viruses, and VIRUS DISEASES.
Methods
A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.
Vero Cells
A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.
Methylcellulose
Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.
Pokeweed Mitogens
Proteins isolated from the roots of the pokeweed, Phytolacca americana, that agglutinate some erythrocytes, stimulate mitosis and antibody synthesis in lymphocytes, and induce activation of plasma cells.
Rickettsia typhi
The etiologic agent of murine typhus (see TYPHUS, ENDEMIC FLEA-BORNE).

Comparative study of the anti-human cytomegalovirus activities and toxicities of a tetrahydrofuran phosphonate analogue of guanosine and cidofovir. (1/2392)

Cidofovir is the first nucleoside monophosphate analogue currently being used for the treatment of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) retinitis in individuals with AIDS. Unfortunately, the period of therapy with the use of this compound may be limited due to the possible emergence of serious irreversible nephrotoxic effects. New drugs with improved toxicity profiles are needed. The goal of this study was to investigate the anticytomegaloviral properties and drug-induced toxicity of a novel phosphonate analogue, namely, (-)-2-(R)-dihydroxyphosphinoyl-5-(S)-(guanin-9'-yl-methyl) tetrahydrofuran (compound 1), in comparison with those of cidofovir. The inhibitory activities of both compounds on HCMV propagation in vitro were similar against the AD 169 and Towne strains, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.17 microgram/ml for cidofovir and < 0.05 to 0.09 microgram/ml for compound 1. A clinical HCMV isolate that was resistant to ganciclovir and that had a known mutation within the UL54 DNA polymerase gene and a cidofovir-resistant laboratory strain derived from strain AD 169 remained sensitive to compound 1, whereas their susceptibilities to ganciclovir and cidofovir were reduced by 33- and 10-fold, respectively. Both compound 1 and cidofovir exhibited equal potencies in an experimentally induced murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection in mice, with a prevention or prolongation of mean day to death at dosages of 1.0, 3.2, and 10.0 mg/kg of body weight/day. In cytotoxicity experiments, compound 1 was found to be generally more toxic than cidofovir in cell lines Hs68, HFF, and 3T3-L1 (which are permissive for HCMV or MCMV replication) but less toxic than cidofovir in MRC-5 cells (which are permissive for HCMV replication). Drug-induced toxic side effects were noticed for both compounds in rats and guinea pigs in a 5-day repeated-dose study. In guinea pigs, a greater weight loss was noticed with cidofovir than with compound 1 at dosages of 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day. An opposite effect was detected in rats, which were treated with the compounds at relatively high dosages (up to 100 mg/kg/day). Compound 1 and cidofovir were nephrotoxic in both rats and guinea pigs, with the epithelium lining the proximal convoluted tubules in the renal cortex being the primary target site. The incidence and the severity of the lesions were found to be dose dependent. The lesions observed were characterized by cytoplasm degeneration and nuclear modifications such as karyomegaly, the presence of pseudoinclusions, apoptosis, and degenerative changes. In the guinea pig model, a greater incidence and severity of lesions were observed for cidofovir than for compound 1 (P < 0.001) with a drug regimen of 10 mg/kg/day.  (+info)

Development and use of a 293 cell line expressing lac repressor for the rescue of recombinant adenoviruses expressing high levels of rabies virus glycoprotein. (2/2392)

An expression cassette designed for high-level production of rabies virus glycoprotein (RG) could not be rescued into a replication-defective, adenovirus-based vector using standard procedures. To overcome this difficulty, a 293-based cell line, designated 293LAP13, was constructed that contained and expressed a derivative of the lac repressor protein. The lac operator sequence, to which the repressor binds, was incorporated into an expression cassette, containing a promoter and intron, designed for high-level production of RG. Insertion of a single operator sequence immediately downstream of the transcription start site and the use of the 293LAP13 cell line allowed recombinant viruses that could not be isolated with 293 cells to be rescued efficiently. The operator-containing virus reached higher titres in 293LAP13 than in parental 293 cells and also produced plaques more efficiently in 293LAP13 cells. Moreover, in non-complementing human and canine cell lines, adenovirus vectors with a promoter-intron expression cassette expressed RG at much higher levels than vectors lacking the intron. These observations, together with the demonstration that expression of RG by operator-containing vectors was repressed markedly in 293LAP13 cells and that this inhibition was relieved at least partly by IPTG, suggest that the 293LAP13 cell line may be useful for the rescue and propagation of many vectors in which high expression of the desired protein prevents vector rescue in 293 cells.  (+info)

Complementation of P37 (F13L gene) knock-out in vaccinia virus by a cell line expressing the gene constitutively. (3/2392)

Vaccinia virus produces two different infectious forms, intracellular mature virus (IMV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). Acquisition of the EEV envelope occurs by wrapping of IMV with vesicles of the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The most abundant protein in the envelope of EEV, P37, is a 37 kDa palmitylated protein encoded by the F13L gene. P37 is located in the inner side of the EEV envelope and accumulates in the TGN during infection. Deletion of gene F13L results in a severe defect in the wrapping process, although normal levels of IMV are produced. A cell line, derived from RK-13 cells, was obtained that stably expressed P37 (RK(P37)), and the properties of the protein were studied in the absence of other viral polypeptides. P37 produced in RK(P37) cells differed from P37 produced in vaccinia-infected cells in terms of hydrophobicity and intracellular distribution. Despite these differences, RK(P37) cells partially complemented the phenotypic defect of vaccinia virus P37- mutants. EEV production and cell-to-cell virus spread by mutant viruses were increased significantly in RK(P37) cells when compared to normal RK-13 cell cultures. Infection of RK(P37) cells with P37- virus substantially altered the hydrophobicity and the intracellular distribution of P37 in those cells. These results indicate the requirement of the infection context for determination of the normal palmitylation and intracellular localization of P37.  (+info)

Anti-herpes simplex virus activity of moronic acid purified from Rhus javanica in vitro and in vivo. (4/2392)

Rhus javanica, a medicinal herb, has been shown to exhibit oral therapeutic anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity in mice. We purified two major anti-HSV compounds, moronic acid and betulonic acid, from the herbal extract by extraction with ethyl acetate at pH 10 followed by chromatographic separations and examined their anti-HSV activity in vitro and in vivo. Moronic acid was quantitatively a major anti-HSV compound in the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction. The effective concentrations for 50% plaque reduction of moronic acid and betulonic acid for wild-type HSV type 1 (HSV-1) were 3.9 and 2.6 microgram/ml, respectively. The therapeutic index of moronic acid (10.3-16.3) was larger than that of betulonic acid (6.2). Susceptibility of acyclovir-phosphonoacetic acid-resistant HSV-1, thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-1, and wild-type HSV type 2 to moronic acid was similar to that of the wild-type HSV-1. When this compound was administered orally to mice infected cutaneously with HSV-1 three times daily, it significantly retarded the development of skin lesions and/or prolonged the mean survival times of infected mice without toxicity compared with the control. Moronic acid suppressed virus yields in the brain more efficiently than those in the skin. This was consistent with the prolongation of mean survival times. Thus, moronic acid was purified as a major anti-HSV compound from the herbal extract of Rhus javanica. Mode of the anti-HSV activity was different from that of ACV. Moronic acid showed oral therapeutic efficacy in HSV-infected mice and possessed novel anti-HSV activity that was consistent with that of the extract.  (+info)

A double-selective tissue culture system for isolation of wild-type poliovirus from sewage applied in a long-term environmental surveillance. (5/2392)

We describe a simple, cost-efficient, double-selective method for isolation of wild-type poliovirus from sewage samples containing vaccine polioviruses and other enteroviruses, with a detection limit of 18 to 50 PFU per 1 to 2 liters of sewage. By this method we were able to process 1,700 sewage samples collected between 1991 and 1996, from which 10,472 plaques were isolated, 41 of them being identified as wild-type polioviruses.  (+info)

Herpes simplex virus entry is associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. (6/2392)

The initial step in herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry is binding of virion glycoprotein (g)C and/or gB to cell surface heparan sulfate. After this initial attachment, gD interacts with cell surface receptor or receptors, and the virion envelope fuses with the cell membrane. Fusion requires viral glycoproteins gB, gD, gL, and gH, but the cellular factors that participate in or the pathways activated by viral entry have not been defined. To determine whether signal transduction pathways are triggered by viral-cell fusion, we examined the association of viral entry with tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. Using immunoprecipitation and Western blotting, we found that at least three cytoplasmic host cell proteins, designated p80, p104, and p140, become tyrosine phosphorylated within 5-10 min after exposure to HSV-1 or HSV-2. However, no phosphorylation is detected when cells are exposed to a mutant virus deleted in gL that binds but fails to penetrate. Phosphorylation is restored when the gL-deletion virus is grown on a complementing cell line. Viral entry and the phosphorylation of p80, p104, and p140 are inhibited when cells are infected with virus in the presence of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Taken together, these studies suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of host cellular proteins is triggered by viral entry.  (+info)

Recombinant influenza A virus vaccines for the pathogenic human A/Hong Kong/97 (H5N1) viruses. (7/2392)

Recombinant reassortment technology was used to prepare H5N1 influenza vaccine strains containing a modified hemagglutinin (HA) gene and neuraminidase gene from the A/Hong Kong/156/97 and A/Hong Kong/483/97 isolates and the internal genes from the attenuated cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 influenza virus strain. The HA cleavage site (HA1/HA2) of each H5N1 isolate was modified to resemble that of "low-pathogenic" avian strains. Five of 6 basic amino acids at the cleavage site were deleted, and a threonine was added upstream of the remaining arginine. The H5 HA cleavage site modification resulted in the expected trypsin-dependent phenotype without altering the antigenic character of the H5 HA molecule. The temperature-sensitive and cold-adapted phenotype of the attenuated parent virus was maintained in the recombinant strains, and they grew to 108.5-9.4 EID50/mL in eggs. Both H5N1 vaccine virus strains were safe and immunogenic in ferrets and protected chickens against wild-type H5N1 virus challenge.  (+info)

Surfactant protein-A enhances respiratory syncytial virus clearance in vivo. (8/2392)

To determine the role of surfactant protein-A(SP-A) in antiviral host defense, mice lacking SP-A (SP-A-/-) were produced by targeted gene inactivation. SP-A-/- and control mice (SP-A+/+) were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by intratracheal instillation. Pulmonary infiltration after infection was more severe in SP-A-/- than in SP-A+/+ mice and was associated with increased RSV plaque-forming units in lung homogenates. Pulmonary infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes was greater in the SP-A-/- mice. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were enhanced in lungs of SP-A-/- mice. After RSV infection, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation was deficient in macrophages from SP-A-/- mice, demonstrating a critical role of SP-A in oxidant production associated with RSV infection. Coadministration of RSV with exogenous SP-A reduced viral titers and inflammatory cells in the lung of SP-A-/- mice. These findings demonstrate that SP-A plays an important host defense role against RSV in vivo.  (+info)

AID 235809 - Selectivity is determined by CC50/EC50 of viral plaque reduction against herpes simplex virus 1 - PubChemAID 235809 - Selectivity is determined by CC50/EC50 of viral plaque reduction against herpes simplex virus 1 - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 235809 submitted by ChEMBL: Selectivity is determined by CC50/EC50 of viral plaque reduction against herpes simplex virus 1.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/235809
Binding of Sindbis Virus to Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate | Journal of VirologyBinding of Sindbis Virus to Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate | Journal of Virology
Implications for viral behavior and virulence.Alphavirus variants with reduced plaque sizes often have reduced virulence in vivo as well, although there are certainly exceptions to this rule, and fresh wild-type isolates frequently contain a mixture of large-plaque and small-plaque viruses. Repeated tissue culture passaging of alphaviruses can lead to decreased plaque size and decreased virulence (19, 39). Small-plaque and large-plaque alphavirus variants typically have different affinities for hydroxyapatite (a form of calcium phosphate), indicating changes in the surface charge of the glycoproteins (3, 23). It may be possible to reinterpret these findings in light of our demonstration that SV can bind to HS. We suggest that alphaviruses with a small-plaque phenotype under agar (indicating strong binding to the agar sulfated polysaccharide) may also bind better to HS and that strong binding to HS may decrease virulence in vivo.. The strain of SV used in this study, Toto 1101, is a relatively ...
https://jvi.asm.org/content/72/9/7349?ijkey=33c463cac199b9c21d92118f1fc3cb60aa7fe5af&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Virus-replicating t cells in the immune response of mice. I. Virus pl by N Minato and Y KatsuraVirus-replicating t cells in the immune response of mice. I. Virus pl by N Minato and Y Katsura
Minato, N and Katsura, Y, Virus-replicating t cells in the immune response of mice. I. Virus plaque assay of the lymphocytes reactive to sheep erythrocytes. (1977). Subject Strain Bibliography 1977. 1641 ...
https://mouseion.jax.org/ssbb1977/1641/
Plaque assay;a) Sf9 cells negative control (Mock)b) one | Open-iPlaque assay;a) Sf9 cells negative control (Mock)b) one | Open-i
Plaque assay;a) Sf9 cells negative control (Mock)b) one day after virus dilution added to Sf9 cellsc) two days after virus dilution added to Sf9 cellsd) four da
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4385160_IJM-5-350f4&req=4
How many viruses are needed to form a plaque?How many viruses are needed to form a plaque?
The plaque assay is an essential tool for determining virus titers. The concept is simple: virus infection is restricted to neighboring cells by a semisoli
http://www.virology.ws/2009/07/08/how-many-viruses-are-needed-to-form-a-plaque/
8: Artery Plaque Reduction | Putting the Pieces Together
A full size adult generally uses 3 bottles of a good blend the first year for general improvement, 1 container a year after that for maintenance.
https://s2.ppt-health.com/nutritional-supplements/supplement-8-artery-plaque-reduction/
AtheroNova Inc. Preclinical Study Demonstrates 95% Reduction in Arterial Plaque FormationAtheroNova Inc. Preclinical Study Demonstrates 95% Reduction in Arterial Plaque Formation
IRVINE, Calif., Nov. 22, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- AtheroNova Inc. Preclinical Study Demonstrates 95% Reduction in Arterial Plaque Formation. Findings Reported...
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/atheronova-inc-preclinical-study-demonstrates-95-reduction-in-arterial-plaque-formation-134315808.html
Heartstream 12-Lead Arrhythmia Simulator with Manikin Overlay mediumHeartstream 12-Lead Arrhythmia Simulator with Manikin Overlay medium
Heartstream 12-Lead Arrhythmia Simulator with Manikin Overlay medium 12-Lead Arrhythmia Simulator with Manikin Overlay Use on any medium- or large-sized manikin or simulator to change it into a 12-lead trainer. Pace and defibrillate directly on the overlay system connected to the interactive 12-lead ECG simulator, included with the overlay. You may purchase optional defibrillation training cables that allow you to have hands-free defibrillation simulation, with up to 360 joules, as well as electrical capture with your external pacer. The simulator capture key is used to select one of four preset pacing capture levels: 70, 80, 90 or 100mA. When the pacer current is greater than the selected capture level, paced beats will appear on your monitor. Waveforms for pacing include: Sinus Brady (two), 1st degree A-V block, 2nd degree type I A-V block, 2nd degree type II A-V block, 2nd degree type II A-V block with PVCs, and 3rd degree A-V block. Simulate cardioversion with your manual, semiautomatic, or ...
https://www.simulaids.com/product/101-12-003M
Plaque assay | definition of plaque assay by Medical dictionaryPlaque assay | definition of plaque assay by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of plaque assay in the Medical Dictionary? plaque assay explanation free. What is plaque assay? Meaning of plaque assay medical term. What does plaque assay mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/plaque+assay
Measure Viral Titers - Celigo Virology ApplicationsMeasure Viral Titers - Celigo Virology Applications
Measure viral titers by automatic detection and quantification of formed viral plaques and foci using horse radish peroxidase or fluorescent labeling
http://www.nexcelom.com/Celigo/virology-1-measure-viral-titers.php
The Actinobacteriophage Database | Phage RuinThe Actinobacteriophage Database | Phage Ruin
When incubated at 37 degrees Celsius, plaques are slightly turbid and approximately 2.5 millimeters in diameter. The plaques can be seen after 24 hours incubation and do not change after 48 hours. When incubated at 30 degrees Celsius the plaque morphology does not change other then becoming slightly more turbid ...
http://phagesdb.org/phages/Ruin/
Viral plaque analysis on a wide field-of-view, time-lapse, on-chip imaging platform - CaltechAUTHORSViral plaque analysis on a wide field-of-view, time-lapse, on-chip imaging platform - CaltechAUTHORS
The observation of viral plaques is the standard method for determining the viral titer and understanding the behaviors of viruses. Here, we report the application of a wide field-of-view (FOV), time-lapse, on-chip imaging platform, termed the ePetri, for plaque analysis of murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1). The ePetri offers the ability to dynamically track plaques at the individual cell death event level over a wide FOV of 6 mm × 4 mm. As demonstration, we captured high-resolution time-lapse images of MNV-1-infected cells at 30 min intervals. We implemented a customized image-processing program containing a density-based clustering algorithm to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of cell death events to identify plaques at their earliest stages. By using the results in a viral titer count format, we showed that our approach gives results that are comparable to conventional plaque assays. We further showed that the extra information collected by the ePetri can be used to monitor the dynamics of ...
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/44445/
Search of: Recruiting, Not yet recruiting, Available Studies | Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral - List Results - ClinicalTrials.govSearch of: Recruiting, Not yet recruiting, Available Studies | Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
Percentage of Participants who are YF and Dengue Virus (DENV)-naive at Baseline and are Seroprotected against YF on Day 30 as Measured by Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) in a Subset of 120 Participants in each Trial ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Hemorrhagic+Fevers,+Viral%22
Difference between revisions of GHV-68 Plaque Assay - OpenWetWareDifference between revisions of GHV-68 Plaque Assay - OpenWetWare
Adsorb the virus at 37C for 1-2 hrs; use frequent rocking (every 10-15 min by hand) to avoid drying the cells. Note: Previous protocols have done the dilutions in eppendorf tubes and the adsorption step with 500 ul per well and rocked the plates on the automatic rocker at RT. Ive had problems with the automatic rocker and the lower volume (400 ul/well) that is suggested in this protocol. I think the rocker may actually promote drying of the center of the well by drawing the fluid to the side of the well via capillary action ...
https://openwetware.org/wiki/?title=GHV-68_Plaque_Assay&diff=286954&oldid=119351
Rs instructions. Each recombinant adenovirus was selected after three rounds | www.nrtisinhibitor.com
Rs instructions. Each recombinant adenovirus was selected after three rounds of plaque purification in HEK293 cells and was separately identified by PCR. The
http://www.nrtisinhibitor.com/2017/07/26/rs-instructions-each-recombinant-adenovirus-was-selected-after-three-rounds/
Development of an HSV-1 neutralization test with a glycoprotein D specific antibody for measurement of neutralizing antibody...Development of an HSV-1 neutralization test with a glycoprotein D specific antibody for measurement of neutralizing antibody...
Investigating the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer against HSV-1 is essential for monitoring the immune protection against HSV-1 in susceptible populations, which would facilitate the development of vaccines against herpes infection and improvement of HSV-1 based oncolytic virotherapy. In this study, we have developed a neutralization test based on the enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT-NT) to determine the neutralizing antibody titer against HSV-1 in human serum samples. This optimized assay employed a monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing glycoprotein D to detect the HSV-1 infected cells. With this test, the neutralizing antibody titer against HSV-1 could be determined within one day by automated interpretation of the counts of cell spots. We observed good correlation in the results obtained from ELISPOT-NT and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) by testing 22 human serum samples representing different titers. Moreover, 269 human serum samples collected from a wide range of age
https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-016-0508-4/figures/5
Welcome to CDC stacksWelcome to CDC stacks
We performed a serologic investigation to determine whether orthobunyaviruses commonly infect humans in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. Orthobunyavirus-specific antibodies were detected by plaque reduction neutralization test in 146 (18%) of 823 persons tested. Further studies are needed to determine health risks for humans from this potentially deadly group of viruses ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/18829
Pinboard: bookmarks for jm tagged cleaning
Rapid treatment of the virus with hot water had little effect on the virus, reducing the titre by around two-fold, but prolonged incubation at 55°C abolished detectable infectivity. However, the addition of any of 1% bleach, 50% and 10% malt vinegar and 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% washing up liquid were all effective at rapidly reducing viable virus below the limit of detection, while a low concentration of vinegar (1%) was no more effective than hot water alone (Figure 1A). In contrast to the plaque assay results, most agents were ineffective at reducing the number of detectable genome copies as determined by RT-PCR, with only bleach having a significant effect (Figure 2A). The data for the plaque assays and RT-PCR assays are compiled in Tables S1 and S2. Thus, while a strong oxidizing agent such as bleach is effective at reducing both genome detection and virus infectivity, low pH and detergent are equally efficacious virucidal agents. These results also indicate that whilst vinegar and detergent ...
http://pinboard.in/u:jm/t:cleaning
Ideas for a rememberance apple variety?Ideas for a rememberance apple variety?
I have strimmer/rabbit guards, mulch mats, etc. and we intend to put a small plaque to keep the FAS lads from disregarding it. The idea is to provide a nice tree, that will provide fruit for everyone for the next generations, and somewhere for us to go to enjoy memories ...
http://www.gardenplansireland.com/forum/about5673.html
what to right on my sons plaque | DailyStrength
Im am really stuck what to write on kaydens plaque, we had something written down as thats how we felt but it was 2many words.. i didnt know if any1 had any ideas...
https://www.dailystrength.org/group/stillbirth/discussion/what-to-right-on-my-sons-plaque
Lifeline Express - WikipediaLifeline Express - Wikipedia
The Lifeline Express or Jeevan Rekha Express is Worlds first hospital train run by the Impact India Foundation. It was developed in collaboration with the Indian Railways and Health Ministry and has been funded by Impact UK, international charitable sources, Indian corporate houses and individuals. It started on 16 July 1991; as of 2010 the service had completed almost 120 projects, benefiting over 600,000 rural Indians. The Lifeline express was started to provide on-the-spot diagnostic, medical and advanced surgical treatment for preventive and curative interventions for disabled adults and children. It is an outreach program for inaccessible rural areas where medical services are not available, traveling via Indian Railways. In addition to providing access to these much needed services, the Lifeline express seeks to improve the efficiency of the existing local government and voluntary health infrastructure and services, as well as providing initiative and encouragement for the local bodies to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifeline_Express
Virus infection of culturable Chlorella-like algae and development of a plaque assay<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Virus infection of culturable Chlorella-like algae and development of a plaque assay. AU - Van Etten, James L.. AU - Burbank, Dwight E.. AU - Kuczmarski, Daniel. AU - Meints, Russel H.. PY - 1983. Y1 - 1983. N2 - Four distinct viruses with double-stranded DNA are known to replicate in Chlorella-like algae symbiotic with hydras and paramecia. An attempt was made to infect a number of cultured Chlorella strains derived from invertebrate hosts with these viruses. One of the viruses, PBCV-1, replicated in two of the algal strains. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the viral DNA showed that the infectious progeny virus was identical to the input virus; thus, Kochs postulates were fulfilled. Viral infection of the two Chlorella strains has allowed the large-scale production of a eukaryotic algal virus and the development of a plaque assay for the virus.. AB - Four distinct viruses with double-stranded DNA are known to replicate in Chlorella-like algae symbiotic with hydras and ...
https://experts.nebraska.edu/en/publications/virus-infection-of-culturable-chlorella-like-algae-and-developmen
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants Isolated from L Cells Persistently Infected with Newcastle Disease Virus | Journal of VirologyTemperature-Sensitive Mutants Isolated from L Cells Persistently Infected with Newcastle Disease Virus | Journal of Virology
Virus mutants (NDVpi) isolated from L cells persistently infected with the Herts strain of Newcastle disease virus have been previously reported by this laboratory to differ from the wild-type virus (NDVo) in several physical and biological properties. It has now been determined that, in addition to these differences, the NDVpi mutants are also spontaneously selected temperature-sensitive mutants. The temperature sensitivity of 10 NDVpi clones was confirmed by temperature inhibition, plaquing efficiency, and single-cycle yield experiments. The cut-off temperature, at which more than 90% of virus replication is inhibited was between 41 and 42 C. All 10 NDVpi clones were also found to be defective in virus-specific ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis in infected chick embryo cells at 42 C and are tentatively classified as RNA−. The possible relationships of the temperature sensitivity, the other NDVpi properties, and the maintenance of the persistently infected state are discussed. ...
https://jvi.asm.org/content/9/2/200
Closing the Brief Case: A 10-Year-Old Girl with Meningoencephalitis | Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyClosing the Brief Case: A 10-Year-Old Girl with Meningoencephalitis | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Answer: B. Plaque reduction neutralization test. PRNT is used to confirm JCV infection following a positive or equivocal result for IgM-class antibodies by enzyme immunoassay or immunofluorescence assay. PRNT is also used to compare the endpoint neutralizing antibody titers between closely related viruses, with the infectious virus most frequently identified as the one with at least a 4-fold or higher endpoint titer compared to the other tested viruses. This is especially helpful if serologic testing is positive for more than one virus in the California serogroup, which occurs frequently due to the cross-reactivity of these assays. ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/56/10/e00255-18
Plaque Formation by and Plaque Cloning ofChlamydia trachomatis Biovar Trachoma | Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyPlaque Formation by and Plaque Cloning ofChlamydia trachomatis Biovar Trachoma | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Banks et al. (1) suggested that plaque formation by chlamydiae might depend on the strains growth rates, and consequently, for slowly growing strains such as biovar trachoma long-term maintenance of the cell monolayer in agar medium might be required for plaque formation. In the present study, two points were crucial to the success of plaque formation by biovar trachoma. (i) The liquid culture medium had to be layered onto a solid agarose medium and changed at 4- to 5-day intervals; this treatment may refresh the cells and support chlamydial growth until plaque formation occurs. (ii) The agarose concentration was intentionally reduced to 0.5%, although 1% is the usual concentration for plaque formation by lytic viruses. The reduced agarose concentration may serve to keep the cells in good condition. The quality of the agarose was also important because purified agar was unsuitable for long-term maintenance of the cells. It is also likely that the agarose overlay might create appropriate ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/36/10/3013?ijkey=69e2b420651632986724a9c64b8a97ae33810976&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
West Nile virus-plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)West Nile virus-plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)
This test is sent to an external laboratory. For antibody titres. Shipping (test code: xtrnu) and handling (test code: xhand) fees are also applicable on each submission. External test price is subject to change. ...
https://www.uoguelph.ca/ahl/print/11436
Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Human Immunized with M. Gerbil Kidney Tissue Culture Inactivated HFRS Vaccine Assessed by...Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Human Immunized with M. Gerbil Kidney Tissue Culture Inactivated HFRS Vaccine Assessed by...
In this study, expanded human trial with M, Gerbil kidney tissue culture inactivated HFRS vaccine was carried out and neutralizing antibody response was assessed by plaque reduction neutralization(PRNT) and CPE neutralization(CPENT) methods. According to the data of all 74 person immune sera assayed by the two methods, the rates of seroconversion and GMT tesed by CPENT were significantly higher than that by PRNT. Several vaccinating groups were studied and the neutralizing antibody levels were as follows: v...
http://www.virosin.org/Paper/1992/07/02/VS19920702.0176
How Can an Eye Exam Detect High Cholesterol?How Can an Eye Exam Detect High Cholesterol?
A piece of cholesterol, or plaque, may be seen in the arteries of the retina after dilating your eyes. If there is a small plaque in the retinal vessels of the back of the eye, it is likely that there are larger plaques in other places of the body. Large plaques increase your risk for heart attack and stroke. This is one more reason why we encourage patients to have their eyes dilated at their annual eye exams. With both eyes dilated, Dr. Nate and I can look closely at those vessels to rule-out these kinds of concerns.. If Dr. Nate or I find any of these signs, especially if you are under 60 years of age, we may ask you more questions about your lipid levels or even recommend that you get blood tests done with your primary care doctor.. Dont delay your annual eye exam! Getting your eyes checked should be included in your routine appointment days.. -Dr. Beth. ...
https://www.brighteyestampa.com/2015/03/30/eye-exam-detect-high-cholesterol/
AID 775057 - Antiviral activity against 20 PFU poliovirus infected in human RD cells assessed as plaque forming unit pretreated...AID 775057 - Antiviral activity against 20 PFU poliovirus infected in human RD cells assessed as plaque forming unit pretreated...
BioAssay record AID 775057 submitted by ChEMBL: Antiviral activity against 20 PFU poliovirus infected in human RD cells assessed as plaque forming unit pretreated at 125 uM for 72 hrs followed by viral infection and compound treatment at 250 uM for 7 hrs by plaque assay (Rvb = 1.2 x 10-9 PFU/ml).
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/775057
KAKEN - Research Projects | Development of plaque assay to isolate cytopathic HCV clones (KAKENHI-PROJECT-21590832)KAKEN - Research Projects | Development of plaque assay to isolate cytopathic HCV clones (KAKENHI-PROJECT-21590832)
Principal Investigator：OOOKA Shinya, Project Period (FY)：2009 - 2011, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Section：一般, Research Field：Gastroenterology
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21590832/
Computer Predictive Model for Plaque Formation and Progression in the Artery: Medicine & Healthcare Book Chapter | IGI GlobalComputer Predictive Model for Plaque Formation and Progression in the Artery: Medicine & Healthcare Book Chapter | IGI Global
Computer Predictive Model for Plaque Formation and Progression in the Artery: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8828-5.ch013: In this chapter we described predictive model for plaque formation and progression in the coronary and carotid artery. A full three-dimensional model for
https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/computer-predictive-model-for-plaque-formation-and-progression-in-the-artery/136522
how long does it take for herpes test results - Herpes Centerhow long does it take for herpes test results - Herpes Center
The genotype and phenotype of HSV2-gD27 are stable when the virus is passaged in human epithelial cells in vitro and during acute infection of mice.. HSV2-gD27 was propagated in B78H1-A10 mouse cells, which express human HVEM but not human nectin-1. HSV2-gD27 was not able to infect B78H1-C10 mouse cells, which express human nectin-1 but not HVEM, since the mutation in gD prevents its interaction with nectin-1 (33). To determine the sensitivity of the assay to detect WT virus mixed with HSV2-gD27, we infected B78H1-C10 cells with 400 PFU of WT virus (titrated in ARPE-19 cells) and 106 PFU of HSV2-gD27 (also titrated in ARPE-19 cells), either together or separately, and assayed the number of plaques on B78H1-C10 cells, which support replication of WT virus but not HSV2-gD27. Coinfection of B78H1-C10 cells with the two viruses resulted in a mean of 6.5 plaques, infection with WT virus alone yielded 5.5 plaques, and infection with HSV2-gD27 yielded no plaques. These data indicate that HSV2-gD27 does ...
http://alsnani.com/tag/how-long-does-it-take-for-herpes-test-results/
Glycoprotein M6A ELISA Kits | Biocompare.comGlycoprotein M6A ELISA Kits | Biocompare.com
Compare Glycoprotein M6A ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, reviews, and more.
https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110627/soids/2-321977/Assay_Kit/ELISA_Glycoprotein_M6A
Roanoke Address Plaques | FrontgateRoanoke Address Plaques | Frontgate
The Roanoke Address Plaque is a stately option for displaying your address.Crafted from rust-free recycled aluminumPaints have been specially formulated and weather-tested to withstand even the harshest elementsDesigned to provide maximum visibility to meet local 911 emergency standardsPlease check for accuracy; personalized orders cannot be modified, cancelled, or returned after being placed Made in the USA For over 60 years, Whitehall has been crafting personalized name and address plaques to provide a distinctive finishing touch to millions of homes. Renowned as the worlds largest manufacturer of personalized name and address plaques, Whitehalls reputation for quality and reliability is unsurpassed.Easily assembles with a screwdriver.Personalized to your specifications.
https://www.frontgate.com/estate-roanoke-plaque/153484
The Actinobacteriophage Database | Phage EMooreThe Actinobacteriophage Database | Phage EMoore
The phage produces two different plaque morphologies. The smaller plaques are about 1 mm in size and the larger plaques are 2-3x larger than the ...
https://phagesdb.org/phages/EMoore/
Clinical Challenge: Asymptomatic Filiform Plaque on the Scalp - MPRClinical Challenge: Asymptomatic Filiform Plaque on the Scalp - MPR
A 76 year old man presents with a growth on his scalp. He denies history of skin cancer and is in good health. Can you make the correct diagnosis?
https://www.empr.com/slideshow/slides/clinical-challenge-asymptomatic-filiform-plaque-on-the-scalp/
Plaque | Blausen MedicalPlaque | Blausen Medical
Plaque is abnormal area within a blood vessel where large quantities of lipids accumulate forming a fatty mass of tissue that projects into the lumen ...
https://blausen.com/en/video/plaque/
Serologic Evidence of West Nile Virus Infection in Horses, Yucatan State, Mexico - Volume 9, Number 7-July 2003 - Emerging...
Serum samples positive for flavivirus antibodies by HI assay or ELISA were tested by plaque reduction neutralization assay (PRNT) to identify the infecting virus. PRNTs were conducted in the BSL-3 facilities at Colorado State University. Serum sample results shown to be negative by HI assay and ELISA were not tested. PRNTs were done by using WNV (strain NY99-35261-11), SLEV (strain TBH-28), Ilhéus virus (ILHV, original strain), and Bussuquara virus (BSQV, strain BeAn-4073). Virus stocks were obtained from the World Health Organization Center for Arbovirus Reference and Research, maintained at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, CO. We tested serum samples for neutralizing antibodies to SLEV because the virus is enzootic in the Americas and because antibodies to WNV and SLEV often cross-react. Furthermore, horses are susceptible to natural SLEV infections, although clinical manifestations have not been reported (12). ILHV ...
https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/7/03-0167_article
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | An Automated Dengue Virus Microneutralization Plaque Assay Performed in...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | An Automated Dengue Virus Microneutralization Plaque Assay Performed in...
We describe microneutralization assays that used automated 96-well enzyme-linked immunospot (ELI-SPOT) readout instrumentation to measure human anti-dengue virus (DENV) antibodies in CV-1 cells that were stably transfected to express human FcγRIIA (CD32) using conventional Vero cells as a comparator. Classic plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) end-point titers were determined by probit analysis. Neutralization titers against DENV measured in CV-1 transfectants were expressed in terms of both conventional 50% to 90% PRNT end-point titers and differential infectivity of antibody-treated virus in control and CD32-expressing CV-1 cells. Significantly reduced PRNT titers and strikingly heightened infectivity (up to 100-fold) of antibody-treated DENV was observed in CV-1 CD32 transfectants compared with that observed in control CV-1 or Vero cells. Because DENVs may preferentially replicate in CD32-expressing monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, in vivo, it is possible that CD32 introduced into
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2009.80.61
Aging | The regulatory role of miR-107 in Coxsackie B3 virus replication - Full Text
Full Text - Coxsackie B3 virus (CVB3) is a member of small RNA viruses that belongs to the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae and CVB3 is the main pathogen of acute and chronic viral myocarditis. In this study RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of miR-107 in CVB3-infected and uninfected HeLa cells. The experimental results show that the level of miR-107 began to rise at 4 h after the infection, and significantly boosted at 6 h. Based on the results of this experiment, we consider that miR-107 expression is related to CVB3 infection. In order to further clarify the effect of miR-107 in the process of CVB3 infection, we studied the effect of miR-107 upstream and downstream target genes on CVB3 replication. Levels of the target RNAs were detected by RT-qPCR after CVB3 infection, and the expression of CVB3 capsid protein VP1 by western blot analysis. Then the virus in the supernatant was quantitated via a viral plaque assay, reflecting the release of the virus. The experimental results
https://www.aging-us.com/article/103488/text
Aging | The regulatory role of miR-107 in Coxsackie B3 virus replication - Figure
Coxsackie B3 virus (CVB3) is a member of small RNA viruses that belongs to the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae and CVB3 is the main pathogen of acute and chronic viral myocarditis. In this study RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of miR-107 in CVB3-infected and uninfected HeLa cells. The experimental results show that the level of miR-107 began to rise at 4 h after the infection, and significantly boosted at 6 h. Based on the results of this experiment, we consider that miR-107 expression is related to CVB3 infection. In order to further clarify the effect of miR-107 in the process of CVB3 infection, we studied the effect of miR-107 upstream and downstream target genes on CVB3 replication. Levels of the target RNAs were detected by RT-qPCR after CVB3 infection, and the expression of CVB3 capsid protein VP1 by western blot analysis. Then the virus in the supernatant was quantitated via a viral plaque assay, reflecting the release of the virus. The experimental results showed that
https://www.aging-us.com/figure/103488/f5
Toothpicks, Serendipity and the Emergence of the Escherichia coli DnaK (Hsp70) and GroEL (Hsp60) Chaperone Machines | GeneticsToothpicks, Serendipity and the Emergence of the Escherichia coli DnaK (Hsp70) and GroEL (Hsp60) Chaperone Machines | Genetics
While at MIT, Ira and I concentrated mostly on the E. coli mutant Gro15. Although the vast majority of λcl− phage are unable to form plaques on this strain, I noted the appearance, at an approximate frequency of 10−7, of phage mutants that were able to somehow compensate for the gro15 block. Interestingly, none of the phage mutants isolated on Gro15 formed plaques on our other mutant, GroC3. Searching for clues as to their nature, I purified many of these gro15 compensatory phage mutants and tested them for growth on standard E. coli laboratory strains, including supD, supE, supF (am-suppressing), and various sup0 (nonsuppressing) wild-type bacterial hosts. To my great surprise and delight, ∼20% of these λ compensatory mutants did not form plaques on any of the wild-type sup0 E. coli tested, but did grow on all of the various am-suppressing wild-type strains. Thus, these phage compensatory mutants carried a suppressible am mutation in some essential, yet unknown, phage gene. This finding ...
http://www.genetics.org/content/174/4/1699
High humidity leads to loss of infectious influenza virus from simulated coughsHigh humidity leads to loss of infectious influenza virus from simulated coughs
Method. Nebulized influenza was coughed into the examination room and Bioaerosol samplers collected size-fractionated aerosols (,1 µM, 1-4 µM, and ,4 µM aerodynamic diameters) adjacent to the breathing manikins mouth and also at other locations within the room. At constant temperature, the RH was varied from 7-73% and infectivity was assessed by the viral plaque assay.. Results. Total virus collected for 60 minutes retained 70.6-77.3% infectivity at relative humidity ≤23% but only 14.6-22.2% at relative humidity ≥43%. Analysis of the individual aerosol fractions showed a similar loss in infectivity among the fractions. Time interval analysis showed that most of the loss in infectivity within each aerosol fraction occurred 0-15 minutes after coughing. Thereafter, losses in infectivity continued up to 5 hours after coughing, however, the rate of decline at 45% relative humidity was not statistically different than that at 20% regardless of the aerosol fraction analyzed.. Conclusion. At low ...
https://www.condair.org.nz/scientific-studies/high-humidity-leads-to-loss-of-infectious-influenza-virus-from-simulated-coughs
Abstract: Serologic Investigation among Health Care Workers Contacting MERS Patients during the 2015 Korean MERS Outbreak ...Abstract: Serologic Investigation among Health Care Workers Contacting MERS Patients during the 2015 Korean MERS Outbreak ...
ABSTRACT. Background:. To evaluate the presence of unrecognized MERS-CoV infections among health care workers (HCWs) after the 2015 Korean MERS outbreak, we performed a serologic investigation. Methods:. During the outbreak, all HCWs exposed or assigned to MERS patients were quarantined for 14 days and tested screening sputum polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays thereafter. HCWs with positive PCR results were excluded from the study. We prospectively collected the sera of HCWs exposed or assigned to MERS patients at 6 to 26 weeks post exposure. We primarily used anti-MERS-CoV IgG ELISA, and sera with an optical density (OD) ratio ¡Ã 0.2 were substantiated by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT).. Results:. Fifty-nine of the 189 HCWs exposed to four highly-infective MERS patients (31.2%) and 130 of 254 HCWs assigned to MERS patient care (51.2%) consented to the study. The median of ELISA OD ratio of exposed HCWs and assigned HCWs were both 0.08 ...
https://idsa.confex.com/idsa/2016/webprogram/Paper59375.html
Investigation of the roles of viral proteinases in the vaccinia virus life cycle
An inducible, mutant virus, designated vvtetO:I7L/G1L, was used to study the morphogenic proteolysis step of the vaccinia virus life cycle. The vvtetO:I7L/G1L controlled the expression of two genes, I7L, a cysteine proteinase, and G1L, a putative metalloproteinase. These proteins are involved in the maturation of viral core proteins, p4a, p4b, and p25K, to form infectious virions. DNA extraction and genomic sequencing verified the correct insertion of the tetracycline operators. The multiplicity of infection (MOI) was optimized, and a MOI of 0.5 was best, with a 99.25% reduction in viral plaque formation compared to the wild type vaccinia virus. A growth curve over 12 hours was done and the vvtetO:I7L/G1L in the on state closely followed the growth kinetics of the wild type vaccinia virus and the vvtetO:I7L/G1L in the off state had significantly lower viral titers throughout the last 6 hours of the cycle. Viral core protein processing in the on and off states, and in rescue experiments ...
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/undergraduate_thesis_or_projects/x059c920x
High adsorption rate is detrimental to bacteriophage fitness in a biofilm-like environment | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full...High adsorption rate is detrimental to bacteriophage fitness in a biofilm-like environment | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full...
The advantage of low-adsorption phage in the biofilm environment is most vividly demonstrated by its competitive rise in frequency during the production-emigration transfer cycles. In fact, the same pattern was also observed when there is no top agar layer (i.e., 0% top agar - see [additional file 3]). Even though we have not conducted the serial transfer experiments with the complete settlement-production-emigration cycle, the summary in Table 1 makes it apparent that low adsorption rate is advantageous when the phage fitness is dependent on its ability to be transmitted to the next locale.. The selective pressure is such that the most remarkable result from our study is the emergence of large-plaque variants (GP phages in Supplemental Table Two sup) evolved from the ancestral HA-Stf during the transfer. Apparently, the HA-Stf plaques contain a mixture of phages, possibly with high proportion of the GP phages. For example, there would be on average ~500 phages emigrated out of the HA-Stf plaque ...
https://0-bmcevolbiol-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-9-241
Combination of plaque burden, wall shear stress, and plaque phenotype has incremental value for prediction of coronary...
Large plaque burden, certain phenotypes, and low wall shear stress (WSS) are associated with adverse outcomes and high WSS with development of plaque vulnerability. We aimed to investigate the incremental value of the combination of plaque burden, WS
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Combination-plaque-burden-wall-shear/24468138.html
Janssens Tremfya shown to clear plaque psoriasis | Patient DailyJanssens Tremfya shown to clear plaque psoriasis | Patient Daily
Janssen Research & Development recently offered evidence that its Tremfya (guselkumab) medication alleviates symptoms of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
https://patientdaily.com/stories/511224367-janssen-s-tremfya-shown-to-clear-plaque-psoriasis
Nothing To Do With Arbroath: George Harrison memorial tree killed by beetlesNothing To Do With Arbroath: George Harrison memorial tree killed by beetles
The sapling was planted, unobtrusively, near the observatory with a small plaque at the base to commemorate the former Beatle, who died in 2001, because he spent his final days in Los Angeles and because he was an avid gardener for much of his adult life ...
http://arbroath.blogspot.com/2014/07/george-harrison-memorial-tree-killed-by.html
How to Remove Plaque the Natural WayHow to Remove Plaque the Natural Way
Having plaque on your teeth can not only be unsightly, but it can be unhealthy. Here are a number of natural ways to prevent and remove plaque.
http://www.healthyandnaturalworld.com/how-to-remove-plaque-the-natural-way/
Do you find the subject of lawn care puzzling? - The Lawn ShopDo you find the subject of lawn care puzzling? - The Lawn Shop
Dont let the care of lawns puzzle you. Lawn care is a science and so long as you follow some basic principals your lawn will thank you!
https://thelawnshop.co.uk/mow-the-lawn/do-you-find-lawn-care-puzzling/
BIRD & BREAKFAST Weatherproof PLAQUE with...BIRD & BREAKFAST Weatherproof PLAQUE with...
Stock# 0290 BIRD & BREAKFAST HUMOR IN THE GARDEN with our White Stoneware PLAQUE WITH HANGER Amusing and weatherproof Plaque includes our rustpr
https://www.ecrater.com/p/648277/bird-breakfast-weatherproof-plaque-with-hanger
2 Key Lawn Care Tips - Howcast2 Key Lawn Care Tips - Howcast
Transcript In this segment Im going to be offering you my best lawn care tips. If I had to tell the homeowner two things that they could do to make their lawn
https://www.howcast.com/videos/507650-2-key-lawn-care-tips-lawn-garden-care
About Unlimited Lawn CareAbout Unlimited Lawn Care
ULC is a local lawn care company formed in 1998. Since then, weve provided thousands with beautiful lawns and earned numerous awards. Learn more!
https://www.unlimitedlawncare.com/about-unlimited-lawn-care
Factors That Cause, Remove and Prevent Arterial Plaque | One Radio NetworkFactors That Cause, Remove and Prevent Arterial Plaque | One Radio Network
Factors That Cause, Remove and Prevent Arterial Plaque By Stephen Heuer Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for more death worldwide and accounted for…
https://oneradionetwork.com/archive/factors-cause-remove-prevent-arterial-plaque/
How to Prevent Lawn Diseases - HowcastHow to Prevent Lawn Diseases - Howcast
Transcript In this video, were going to talk about how to prevent lawn diseases. The first thing you want to do is make sure youre mowing with a sharp blade,
https://www.howcast.com/videos/507661-how-to-prevent-lawn-diseases-lawn-garden-care
How often should a lawn be mowed? | TurfGatorHow often should a lawn be mowed? | TurfGator
How often to mow -One of the questions that homeowners ask time and time again is how often the lawn should be mowed. The answer to that can actually vary
https://turfgator.com/often-mow/
Osculum Infame ‎- Consuming The Metatron | La Plaque Noire
Vous avez des questions sur un produit ? Ecrivez-nous en précisant la référence du produit. [contact-form-7 404 Not Found ...
http://laplaquenoire.com/shop/osculum-infame-%E2%80%8E-consuming-the-metatron/
Microcrystalline celluloseMicrocrystalline cellulose
"New low-viscosity overlay medium for viral plaque assays". Virology Journal. BioMed Central. 3: 63. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-3-63 ... It is also used in plaque assays for counting viruses, as an alternative to carboxymethylcellulose. A naturally occurring ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcrystalline_cellulose
Virus quantificationVirus quantification
Viral plaque assays determine the number of plaque forming units (pfu) in a virus sample, which is one measure of virus ... as these viruses would not be amenable to the plaque assay. Like the plaque assay, host cell monolayers are infected with ... The focus forming assay (FFA) is a variation of the plaque assay, but instead of relying on cell lysis in order to detect ... ISBN 0-12-521532-0. Baer, Alan; Kehn-Hall, Kylene (November 4, 2014). "Viral Concentration Determination Through Plaque Assays ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_quantification
Plaque reduction neutralization testPlaque reduction neutralization test
Molecule formed binding antigens to antibodies Viral quantification using the plaque assay Schmidt, N J; Dennis, J; Lennette, E ... The concentration of plaque forming units can be estimated by the number of plaques (regions of infected cells) formed after a ... "Dengue Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) in Primary and Secondary Dengue Virus Infections: How Alterations in Assay ... The plaque reduction neutralization test is used to quantify the titer of neutralizing antibody for a virus. The serum sample ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaque_reduction_neutralization_test
AssayAssay
The viral plaque assay is to calculate the number of viruses present in a sample. In this technique the number of viral plaques ... DNase footprinting assay Filter binding assay Gel shift assay Bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA assay) Bradford protein assay Lowry ... Chemotaxis assay Secretion assays Apoptosis assays such as the DNA laddering assay, the Nicoletti assay, caspase activity ... to invade eukaryotic cells Metastasis Assay Crude oil assay The HPCE-based viral titer assay uses a proprietary, high- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assay
Viral plaqueViral plaque
Assay Viral culture Virus Virus quantification Virology Finter, N. B (1969-10-01). "Dye Uptake Methods for Assessing Viral ... A viral plaque is a visible structure formed after introducing a viral sample to a cell culture grown on some nutrient medium. ... give turbid plaques. Some partially lysogenic phages give bull's-eye plaques with spots or rings of growth in the middle of ... Counting the number of plaques can be used as a method of virus quantification. These plaques can sometimes be detected ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_plaque
PicornavirusPicornavirus
The plaque assay was developed using poliovirus; the discovery of viral replication in culture was also with poliovirus in 1949 ... Depending on the type and degree of dehydration, the viral particle is around 30-32 nm in diameter. The viral genome is around ... The viral life cycle is very rapid, with the whole process of replication being completed on average within 8 hours. As little ... Picornaviruses have a viral protein (VPg) covalently linked to 5' end of their genomes instead of 7-methylguanosine cap like ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus
Viral loadViral load
... which depends on the assay. When an assay for measuring the infective virus particle is done (Plaque assay, Focus assay), viral ... Viral load is often expressed as viral particles, (virions) or infectious particles per mL depending on the type of assay. A ... which is converted to a viral count. EDTA plasma is a good source of cell-free viral RNA for RNA-based viral load testing. ... Changes in viral load are usually reported as a log change (in powers of 10). For example, a three log increase in viral load ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_load
List of MeSH codes (E05)List of MeSH codes (E05)
... viral load MeSH E05.200.875.970 - virus cultivation MeSH E05.200.875.970.790 - plaque assay MeSH E05.200.875.977 - virus ... colony-forming units assay MeSH E05.200.500.383.910 - tumor stem cell assay MeSH E05.200.500.385 - cytogenetic analysis MeSH ... drug screening assays, antitumor MeSH E05.337.550.200.800 - tumor stem cell assay MeSH E05.337.550.200.900 - xenograft model ... drug screening assays, antitumor MeSH E05.200.500.388.930 - tumor stem cell assay MeSH E05.200.500.410 - electroporation MeSH ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E05)
ChemoproteomicsChemoproteomics
... such as inhibition of viral plaque formation. If a drug produces a positive test, the next step is to determine whether it is ... In a typical assay setup, protein-containing samples are exposed to a ligand of choice, then those samples are aliquoted and ... This is due in large part to the sheer volume of ligands that can be screened in a single assay. Researchers at the iHuman ... Chemoproteomics assays can be stratified into three basic types. Solution-based approaches involve the use of drug analogs that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemoproteomics
VirologyVirology
... viral load assays are used. The focus forming assay (FFA) is a variation of the plaque assay, but instead of relying on cell ... Plaque assay, Focus assay), viral titre often refers to the concentration of infectious viral particles, which is different ... as these viruses would not be amenable to the plaque assay. Like the plaque assay, host cell monolayers are infected with ... Viral load assays usually count the number of viral genomes present rather than the number of particles and use methods similar ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virology
AssayAssay
The viral plaque assay is to calculate the number of viruses present in a sample. In this technique the number of viral plaques ... Secretion assays. *Apoptosis assays such as the DNA laddering assay, the Nicoletti assay, caspase activity assays, and Annexin ... Crude oil assay. VirologyEdit. The HPCE-based viral titer assay uses a proprietary, high-performance capillary electrophoresis ... For assays of various metals, see metallurgical assay. For the French commune in the Indre-et-Loire department, see Assay, ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assay
Cell cultureCell culture
... infection and viral replication may result in host cell lysis and formation of a viral plaque. Human cell lines DU145 (prostate ... Assay and Drug Development Technologies. 12 (4): 207-218. doi:10.1089/adt.2014.573. PMC 4026212. PMID 24831787. Bhattacharya M ... Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a ... Whole wild type viruses, recombinant viruses or viral products may be generated in cell types other than their natural hosts ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture
Ungulate protoparvovirus 1Ungulate protoparvovirus 1
A titration procedure wherein infected cells are made evident by IF microscopy and a plaque assay also have been described. ... The first unequivocal evidence of viral replication is the appearance of nascent viral antigen in the nucleus (Fig. 2A). In at ... Viral antigen is detected in the cytoplasm of cells soon after infection if the inoculum contains a high titer of virus and ... The viral genome is single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with a molecular weight of 1.4 × 106 (i.e., about 26.5% of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungulate_protoparvovirus_1
MutagenMutagen
Transgenic mouse assay using a mouse strain infected with a viral shuttle vector is another method for testing mutagens. ... Using similar method as the blue-white screen, the plaque formed with DNA containing mutation are white, while those without ... Such systems include the HPRT assay for resistance to 8-azaguanine or 6-thioguanine, and ouabain-resistance (OUA) assay. Rat ... Mice may also be used for dominant lethal assays where early embryonic deaths are monitored. Male mice are treated with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagen
Vero cellVero cell
It is useful for detecting and counting hemorrhagic fever viruses by plaque assays. Vero E6, also known as Vero C1008 (ATCC No ... Research strains transfected with viral genes: Vero F6 is a cell transfected with the gene encoding HHV-1 entry protein ... or the growth of viral stocks for research purposes. As a recent example, CoronaVac, COVID-19 vaccine developed by Sinovac ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vero_cell
PestivirusPestivirus
... of the viral genome recruits viral and cellular translation factors to initiate viral protein translation. Viral proteins are ... "Establishment of a Dual SYBR Green I Fluorescence PCR Assay for African Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ... viruses from cytopathogenic BVD virus stocks using reverse plaque formation method". Veterinary Microbiology. 38 (1-2): 173-179 ... The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is what causes bovine viral diarrhea (BVD). Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pestivirus
Indirect immunoperoxidase assayIndirect immunoperoxidase assay
After viral growth, viral detection by IPA yields the infectious virus titer, expressed as tissue culture infectious dose ( ... to detect and titrate viruses that do not cause measurable cytopathic effects and cannot be measured by classical plaque assays ... Indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) is a laboratory technique used ... by an Indirect Immunoperoxidase Assay". SARS- and Other Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 454. pp. 93-102. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_immunoperoxidase_assay
HemagglutinationHemagglutination
... attenuated viruses can therefore be used in assays while an additional assay such as a plaque assay must be used to determine ... A consequence of this is that at certain concentrations, a viral suspension may bind together (agglutinate) the RBCs, thus ... While less accurate than a plaque assay, it is cheaper and quicker (taking just 30 minutes).[citation needed] This assay may be ... By serially diluting a virus suspension into an assay tray (a series of wells of uniform volume) and adding a standard amount ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutination
Fam89AFam89A
"A qPCR expression assay of IFI44L gene differentiates viral from bacterial infections in febrile children". Scientific Reports ... a cohort of 264 Caribbean Hispanics with varying smoking frequencies were evaluated for carotid plaque burden and 11 single ... FAM89A is also suggested to be involved in discriminating viral and bacterial infection in febrile patients. A 2016 study ... "Novel Genetic Variants Modify the Effect of Smoking on Carotid Plaque Burden in Hispanics". Journal of the Neurological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam89A
Microbiological cultureMicrobiological culture
The phage can then be isolated from the resulting plaques in a lawn of bacteria on a plate. Viral cultures are obtained from ... Liquid cultures are ideal for preparation of an antimicrobial assay in which the experimenter inoculates liquid broth with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiological_culture
Colony-forming unitColony-forming unit
Cell counting Growth medium Miles and Misra method Most probable number Replica plating Viral plaque Goldman, Emanuel; Green, ... "Optimized digital counting colonies of clonogenic assays using ImageJ software and customized macros: comparison with manual ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony-forming_unit
Reporter virus particlesReporter virus particles
These qualities make RVPs a safer and faster alternative to plaque assays, and especially well-suited for high-throughput ... Since the RVP genome lacks genes essential for viral replication, RVPs are capable of only a single round of infection. Thus ... A related assay tests for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), a phenomenon where non-neutralizing antibodies against viruses ... 254: 1-7. Peskova, M; Heger, Z; Janda, P; Adam, V; and Pekarik, V (2017). "An enzymatic assay based on luciferase Ebola virus- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporter_virus_particles
Bacteriophage T12Bacteriophage T12
Plaque assays consist of pouring a soft agar solution with an indicator strain onto an agar plate. The indicator strain should ... Strep TSS is an acute, febrile illness that begins with a mild viral-like syndrome characterized by fever, chills, myalgia, ... "Plaque Assay Protocols". Microbe Library. American Society for Microbiology. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. ... The presence of lysogenic bacteriophage T12 can be tested through plaque assays if the indicator strain utilized is susceptible ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriophage_T12
Wallace P. RoweWallace P. Rowe
Rowe, Wallace P.; Pugh, Wendell E.; Hartley, Janet W. (1970). "Plaque assay techniques for murine leukemia viruses". Virology. ... Hopkins, N.; Rowe, W. P.; Hartley, J. W.; Holland, C. A. (January 1985). "At least four viral genes contribute to the ... 2 December 2012). "Chapter 2. Dedication (to Wallace Prescott Rowe) by Janet W. Hartley". Viral and Mycoplasmal Infections of ... aroused great interest and excitement among clinicians and virologists alike in that no new acute viral respiratory disease of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_P._Rowe
Mosquito bite allergyMosquito bite allergy
Lympoid cells at the bite site may also express the EBV1 viral gene, BZLF1; this gene promotes the lyses of its infected cell ... The initial lesions may be papules, plaques, vesicles, or blisters and give a burning or itchy sensation. The eruptions may be ... The diagnosis can be supported by the detection, using for example an ELISA assay), IgE directed against mosquito saliva ... viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections; and insect bites. Mosquitoes trigger mosquito bite allergies in individuals ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_bite_allergy
GPR84GPR84
A viral infection following Japanese encephalitis virus infection also increased GPR84 expression by 2-4.5% in the mice brain. ... Finally, it has also shown that GPR84 expression is increased in both the normal appearing white matter and plaque in brains ... in the cAMP assay). These results suggest that GPR84 activation by medium-chain FFAs is coupled to a pertussis toxin-sensitive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR84
Zika feverZika fever
2016). "Infectious Zika viral particles in breastmilk". The Lancet. 387 (10023): 1051. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00624-3. PMID ... For infants with suspected congenital Zika virus disease, the CDC recommends testing with both serologic and molecular assays ... such as RT-PCR, IgM ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). RT-PCR of the infants serum and urine should be ... In response to the widespread transmission of Zika virus during the 2016 outbreak and concerns of viral genetic material ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zika_fever
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirusJaagsiekte sheep retrovirus
In vitro assays have found that enJSRV does this by blocking various stages of the viral replication cycle. An example of this ... hybridization analysis revealed that HYAL2 mRNA was only detected in the binucleate cells and multi-nucleated syncytial plaques ... The viral proteins are synthesized initially as large precursors and are later processed into the mature proteins by ... An additional open reading frame (ORF) was observed in the viral genome and has been called orfX and its function is undefined ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaagsiekte_sheep_retrovirus
List of MeSH codes (E01)List of MeSH codes (E01)
... viral MeSH E01.450.230.700 - spinal puncture MeSH E01.450.230.900 - vaginal smears MeSH E01.450.375.107 - blood cell count MeSH ... local lymph node assay MeSH E01.370.750.600 - passive cutaneous anaphylaxis MeSH E01.370.750.610 - patch tests MeSH E01.370. ... hemolytic plaque technique MeSH E01.450.495.385 - histocompatibility testing MeSH E01.450.495.385.120 - blood grouping and ... local lymph node assay MeSH E01.450.495.750.600 - passive cutaneous anaphylaxis MeSH E01.450.495.750.610 - patch tests MeSH ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E01)
Virus counterVirus counter
... a direct measurement of the concentration of virus particles in a fraction of the time required for traditional plaque assays. ... Antiviral research Viral vector research and protein expression Bioprocess optimization Viral antigen characterization Viral ... both being substantially higher than plaque titer values. In 2004 the virus counter's added a second detection channel to the ... being more similar in magnitude and correlated with infectious assay results. A commercial version of the virus counter was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_counter
CryptococcosisCryptococcosis
Morphologic description of the lesions show umbilicated papules, nodules, and violaceous plaques that can mimic other cutaneous ... lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFA), or enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A new cryptococcal antigen LFA was FDA approved in ... "The role of cryptococcal antigen assay in diagnosis and monitoring of cryptococcal meningitis" (PDF). Journal of Clinical ... "Multisite validation of cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay and quantification by laser thermal contrast". Emerging ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcosis
Earliest known life formsEarliest known life forms
Edwards RA, Rohwer F (June 2005). "Viral metagenomics". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 3 (6): 504-10. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1163. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms
Lassa feverLassa fever
These tests include cell cultures, PCR, ELISA antigen assays, plaque neutralization assays, and immunofluorescence essays. ... Arthropod-borne viral fevers and viral haemorrhagic fevers, Biological weapons, Hemorrhagic fevers, Rodent-carried diseases, ... Lassa fever, also known as Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LHF), is a type of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus. Many ... Lassa fever can be difficult to distinguish clinically from other viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as Ebola virus disease. A ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever
Orientia tsutsugamushiOrientia tsutsugamushi
In India, scrub typhus has become the major cause of acute encephalitis syndrome, which was earlier caused mainly by a viral ... Moree, M.F.; Hanson, B. (1992). "Growth characteristics and proteins of plaque-purified strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi". ... More sensitive tests such as rapid immunochromatographic test (RICT), immunofluorescence assays (IFA), ELISA, and DNA analysis ... immunofluorescence assays, and polymerase chain reaction. There is no vaccine for the infection. The earliest record of O. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientia_tsutsugamushi
Murine respirovirusMurine respirovirus
This assay evaluates the final dilution that may cause a viral infection in 50% of inoculated eggs. This EID50 assay is used to ... Tatsumoto N, Miyauchi T, Arditi M, Yamashita M (November 2018). "Quantification of Infectious Sendai Virus Using Plaque Assay ... titer can also be assessed by using plaque assay in LLC-MK2 cells and by serial end point 2x dilution hemagglutination assay ( ... All these complexes are needed for the viral RNA replication. Two different sets of proteins are translated from viral mRNAs. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_respirovirus
HinokitiolHinokitiol
Gilbard, Jeffrey P; Douyon, Yanick; Huson, Robert B (May 2010). "Time-Kill Assay Results for a Linalool-Hinokitiol-Based Eyelid ... on the plaque removal and the improvement of gingivitis". Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of ... for an anti-viral composition that included oral care products. Hinokitiol is found to have insecticidal and pesticidal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinokitiol
CYR61CYR61
... first demonstrated in a corneal micropocket implant assay and subsequently confirmed in a rabbit ischemic hindlimb model. CYR61 ... cysteine rich-61 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques: relationship with clinical ... murine resident Ly6Clow monocytes along the endothelial in the steady state and is required for their accumulation under viral- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYR61
Powassan virusPowassan virus
Currently, POWV is detected with IgM antibody capture ELISA of an IgM immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay, plaque reduction ... the lineages are part of the same viral species. According to the last data, evolutionary rate of Powassan virus is 3.3 × 10−5 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powassan_virus
Graves diseaseGraves' disease
Measuring TSH-receptor antibodies with the h-TBII assay has been proven efficient and was the most practical approach found in ... Since Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease which appears suddenly, often later in life, a viral or bacterial infection may ... causing an inflammatory reaction and subsequent fibrous plaques. The three types of autoantibodies to the TSH receptor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves'_disease
Phage groupPhage group
... worked out a procedure for assaying animal virus particles by their formation of plaques on a sheet of cultured cells, just as ... "Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage". J Gen Physiol. 1952 May;36(1):39-56. PMID ... phage form plaques on a lawn of bacterial cells. This procedure set the stage for Dulbecco to implement a comprehensive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_group
Jamestown Canyon encephalitisJamestown Canyon encephalitis
In 2010 CDC developed an ELISA also for JCV IgM . Similarly, the New York State Department of Health has performed JCV plaque ... It does the latter by an immunofluorescence assay. Prior to the 1990s, the only tests for California serogroup virus infections ... "California Group Seroviruses". In Liu D (ed.). Molecular Detection of Human Viral Pathogens. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. pp. 609 ... The CDC has used plaque reduction neutralization tests to detect JCV neutralizing antibodies since 1995. The test is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown_Canyon_encephalitis
Effects of antimicrobial chemical exposures on influenza vaccination | NIOSH | CDCEffects of antimicrobial chemical exposures on influenza vaccination | NIOSH | CDC
Viral Detection in Lungs *Viral Plaque Assay (VPA) using Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells ... and viral titers were unchanged. Assessment of T cell responses at 10 dpi showed a decrease in the number of total and ... environment induced by triclosan exposure has the potential to influence the developing immune response to a respiratory viral ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/data/datasets/rd-1018-2021-0/default.html
Posts by Olivier DéryPosts by Olivier Déry
Improving the viral plaque assay speed, sensitivity and robustness using imaging cytometry. Improved fluorescent plaque assay ... plaque assay, viral plaque assay, virology,0 Comments ... Improving the viral plaque assay speed, sensitivity and ... Improving the viral plaque assay speed, sensitivity and robustness using imaging cytometry Celigo, Celigo Application News, ... Olivier spent the next 10 years developing assays for various bioscience companies. For the past 10 years, he has been involved ...
https://www.nexcelom.com/blogs/author/odery/
ShareShare
In addition, viral RNA in the oral cavity and feces indicate that this species could contribute to alternative WNV transmission ... Oral secretions of some fox squirrels were positive for WNV viral RNA, occasionally to moderate levels (103.2 PFU equivalent/ ... Peak viremias ranged from 104.00 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL of serum on day 2 post-infection (DPI) to 104.98 PFU/mL on 3 DPI ... Viral plaques were counted on the third and fourth days of incubation. The limit of detection of the virus plaque assay was 10 ...
https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/75/4/article-p697.xml?rskey=2bqI5w&result=1
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
At constant temperature, the RH was varied from 7-73% and infectivity was assessed by the viral plaque assay. Results: Total ... Humidity; Aerosols; Infectious-diseases; Diseases; Disease-vectors; Biological-effects; Statistical-analysis; Viral-diseases ...
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=aerosol+or+aerosols&f1=TI&s2=&PageNo=84&RecNo=840&View=f&
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy Fails to Improve Outcome in Experimental Severe Influenza [Abstract]Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy Fails to Improve Outcome in Experimental Severe Influenza [Abstract]
Murine survival and weight loss were assessed, and lung viral load was quantified via plaque assay. Here, we report that iNO ... Therefore, we hypothesized that inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) would increase survival in vivo by reducing the viral load in C57Bl/ ... No difference in lung viral load was observed between experimental groups. Although NO has antiviral activity against influenza ...
https://www.medsci.org/v09p0157
Dry Aerosol Coating of Anti-viral Particles on Commercial Air Filters Using a High-volume Flow Atomizer - Aerosol and Air...Dry Aerosol Coating of Anti-viral Particles on Commercial Air Filters Using a High-volume Flow Atomizer - Aerosol and Air...
The coated anti-viral filter is evaluated for filtration efficiency and anti-viral activity against aerosolized MS2 ... The most conventional method of coating pristine air filter media with anti-viral material involves applying a wet coating via ... By contrast, applying an aerosolized coating is a dry process, wherein aerosolized anti-viral material is directly deposited on ... The generated anti-viral material (SiO2-Ag nanoparticles), which includes liquid droplets, is dried by a sheath air flow and ...
https://aaqr.org/articles/aaqr-19-04-jk-0212
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
E5.240.550 Plaque Assay E1.370.225.875.970.790 (Replaced for 2012 by Viral Plaque Assay) Plastic Embedding E1.370.225.500. ... Viral E1.450.230.235 E1.370.225.500.384.235 E5.200.500.384.235 E5.242.384.235 Cytophaga B3.140.200.150 B3.140.130.150 B3.440. ... E5.200.625.410 Hemolytic Plaque Technique E1.450.495.375 E1.370.225.812.375 E5.200.812.375 High-Energy Shock Waves G1.201. ... Viral Load E1.370.225.875.950 Virus Cultivation E1.370.225.875.970 Virus Inactivation E1.370.225.875.977 Visceral Prolapse ...
https://decs.bvs.br/P/mnchg2012.txt
Artificial Stem Cells Mediated Inflammation-Tropic Delivery of Antiviral Drugs for Pneumonia Treatment | Research SquareArtificial Stem Cells Mediated Inflammation-Tropic Delivery of Antiviral Drugs for Pneumonia Treatment | Research Square
C and viral titers were measured by plaque assay in NIH 3T3 cells. Ten-fold serial dilutions of MCMV were added to NIH 3T3 ... After treatment, lung tissue of each mouse taken for determination of viral MIE1 mRNA via qPCR, and expression of viral GFP ... The effects of nanoparticles on viral suppression in vivo. We evaluated the effects of synthesized nanoparticles on viral ... Notably, we found that the synergetic inhibition of the viral DNA elongation and the activity of viral DNA polymerase ...
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1046275/v1
1806.01463] Femtosecond Photonic Viral Inactivation Probed Using Solid-State Nanopores
Conventional methods of assaying for viral inactivation based on plaque forming assays require 24-48 hours for bacterial growth ... Taken together, our work provides a rapid method for assaying viral inactivation with femtosecond lasers using solid-state ... Title:Femtosecond Photonic Viral Inactivation Probed Using Solid-State Nanopores. Authors:Mina Nazari, Xiaoqing Li, Mohammad ...
https://jp.arxiv.org/abs/1806.01463
Citations SearchCitations Search
... ribonulease inhibitor in qRT-PCR assays performed as an alternative to plaque assays for quantifying viral titer. (4940) ... To obtain viral stocks for infection, 293T cells were transfected with the proviral plasmids pNL4-3 and pYU-2 using the ... Parallel samples were assessed for viability with the CellTiter-Glo® Cell Viability Assay and cytotoxicity with CellTox™ Green ... Promegas terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was also used for TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays on ...
https://www.promega.com/resources/tools/citations/?p=6EF708F9-5EBF-4238-BAD0-31F46A84C4F3
Exploring the Bacteriophage Life Cycle | Ward's Science
They will then perform a viral plaque assay to indirectly visualize the viruses and to determine viral titer and multiplicity ... They will then perform a viral plaque assay to indirectly visualize the viruses and to determine viral titer and multiplicity ...
https://www.wardsci.com/store/product/17910540/exploring-the-bacteriophage-life-cycle
Year 1 & 2 Course Information
... examination of bacterial or viral cultures or plaque assays, and study of parasites in tissue and in clinical specimens. The ...
https://www.utmb.edu/som/som-educational-affairs/instruction-management-office/year-1-2-course-information
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Antimicrobial Properties of Apis melliferas Bee VenomToxins | Free Full-Text | Antimicrobial Properties of Apis mellifera's Bee Venom
Viral inactivation at 100 µg/mL. [87]. Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Plaque assay. IC50 117 ± 43 ng/mL ... Lysis and fusion assays. Lytic and fusogenic. [86]. Herpes simplex (HSV-1). Plaque assay. Virus penetration assay. Inhibits ... Utilizing plaque and viral penetration assays, melittin at a multiplicity of infections (m.i.o) of 0.02 and 0.05 µM inhibited ... Quantitative microplate assay Viral inactivation at 100 µg/mL. [87]. Herpes simplex virus 2 G (HSV-2 G). Quantitative ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/7/451/htm
OUR SERVICES - ViroclinicsOUR SERVICES - Viroclinics
... viral plaque counts, size and growth kinetics. Our high resolution viral plaque assays enables studies on inhibition of both ... Efficacy and safety assays target protective immunological responses, assess viral loads and monitor drug resistance. In ... validated assays to detect virus presence and measure virus load in different tissues and, if needed, custom made assays as ... Assay innovation and the introduction of new tools keep analysis up to date with the increasingly demanding criteria for ...
https://www.viroclinics.com/our-services/
The in-vitro effect of famotidine on SARS-CoV-2 proteases and virus replication | Scientific ReportsThe in-vitro effect of famotidine on SARS-CoV-2 proteases and virus replication | Scientific Reports
Leveraging a series of biophysical and enzymatic assays, we show that famotidine neither binds with nor inhibits the functions ... In this report, we systematically analyzed the effect of famotidine on viral proteases and virus replication. ... Similar results were obtained when viral replication was examined by infectious virion production using plaque formation assays ... In-vitro viral enzyme assays. PLpro proteolytic activity assay using ubiquitin-AMC. PLpro activity was measured in a 384 well ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84782-w?error=cookies_not_supported&code=7fc9ad5e-f3ae-4ab0-81d0-d5c8a307f76d
quasispeciesquasispecies
Virus-containing culture fluids were then subjected to plaque assay, during which 2 viral replication cycles took place. For ...  Plaque purification has been used for years in virology to produce clonal virus stocks, but at least for VSV, a plaque is not ... The viral yield per cell varied greatly, from 0 to over 3000 PFU. Greater virus yields means more viral RNA replication, and ... For more discussion of viral sequence space and rewiring viral genomes, listen to the podcast This Week in Evolution #24: our ...
https://www.virology.ws/tag/quasispecies/
JCI Insight - A simple protein-based surrogate neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2JCI Insight - A simple protein-based surrogate neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2
The results obtained with our assay correlate with those of 2 viral-based assays, a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT ... The assay serves as a surrogate neutralization assay and is performed on the same platform and in parallel with an ELISA for ... the detection of neutralizing antibodies typically requires more demanding cell-based viral assays. Here, we present a safe and ... that uses live SARS-CoV-2 virus and a spike pseudotyped viral vector-based assay. ...
https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/142362/figure/2
DeCS 2012 - Changed terms
Plaque Assay. Viral Plaque Assay. E02 - Therapeutics. Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis. Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis. ...
https://decs2014.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2012.htm
DeCS 2012 - Changed terms
Plaque Assay. Viral Plaque Assay. E02 - Therapeutics. Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis. Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis. ...
https://decs2013.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2012.htm
DeCS 2012 - Changed terms
Plaque Assay. Viral Plaque Assay. E02 - Therapeutics. Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis. Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis. ...
https://decs2018.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2012.htm
DeCS 2012 - Changed terms
Plaque Assay. Viral Plaque Assay. E02 - Therapeutics. Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis. Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis. ...
https://decs2012.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2012.htm
DeCS 2012 - Changed termsDeCS 2012 - Changed terms
Plaque Assay. Viral Plaque Assay. E02 - Therapeutics. Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis. Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis. ...
https://decs.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2012.htm
DeCS 2012 - Changed terms
Plaque Assay. Viral Plaque Assay. E02 - Therapeutics. Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis. Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis. ...
https://decs2020.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2012.htm
DeCS 2012 - Changed terms
Plaque Assay. Viral Plaque Assay. E02 - Therapeutics. Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis. Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis. ...
https://decs2015.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2012.htm
DeCS 2012 - Changed terms
Plaque Assay. Viral Plaque Assay. E02 - Therapeutics. Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis. Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis. ...
https://decs2017.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2012.htm
DeCS 2012 - Changed terms
Plaque Assay. Viral Plaque Assay. E02 - Therapeutics. Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis. Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis. ...
https://decs2016.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2012.htm
DeCS 2012 - Changed terms
Plaque Assay. Viral Plaque Assay. E02 - Therapeutics. Intervertebral Disk Chemolysis. Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis. ...
https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2012.htm
Enzyme-LinkeTiterParticlesReplicationDetectionOverlay plaque assayAntibodiesIsolatePolymeraseBacterialDeoxyribonucleic acidQPCRReal-timVitroAirborne influenza viralDilution assayGenesGenomeDetermine viralVirusesSeed viral stocksInfluenzaCellsReduction neutralization testVaccinesHost and viralProteinVirologyDiseasesVeroMorbidityPhageAntigenAnti-viralHighly conservedRespiratory viralTissue cultureInactivationZikaGlycoproteinsVivoImmunofluorescenceMiceProteinsTransfectionPhylogeneticAcuteIsolatesAgarSensitivityInhibitionMolecularInfectionsClinicalDrug resistanceReagentsStrainHepatitisAntibodyMutationSubsequentlyTranscriptionTypically doneConcentration
Enzyme-Linke1
Titer8
  • They will then perform a viral plaque assay to indirectly visualize the viruses and to determine viral titer and multiplicity of infection (MOI). (wardsci.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 was propagated in the VeroE6-TMPRSS2 cells, and the viral titer was determined using a plaque assay. (fcdijack.com)
  • The purpose of plaque assays using serially-diluted bacteriophage is typically done to calculate the titer of your bacteriophage sample. (lifeandbiology.com)
  • Titer" refers to the number of infectious virions (aka plaque-forming units or pfu) per volume of viral stock. (lifeandbiology.com)
  • Rather than determining the titer of your bacteriophage, this variation of a plaque assay should provide you with the highest viral recovery possible from a single plate. (lifeandbiology.com)
  • HSV-1 strain F viral titer: 5107 PFU/mL. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • HSV-1-EGFP viral titer: 1108 PFU/mL. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • Among these siRNAs, PB2-2235 offered the highest inhibition of virus replication with 16-fold reduction in virus HA titer, 80% reduction in viral plaque counts and 94% inhibition in expression of specific RNA at 24 h. (who.int)
Particles15
  • Viable influenza A virus was found in the smallest particle size fraction (0.3 μm to 8 μm), with a mean of 142 plaque-forming units (SD 215) expelled during the 6 coughs in particles of this size. (cdc.gov)
  • Attenuated influenza virus was aerosolized in a laboratory calm-air settling chamber and airborne particles collected with the NIOSH bioaerosol sample were assayed for the presence of the influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
  • This study focused on how the influenza virus can be carried and transmitted by viral-laden particles in a healthcare setting. (cdc.gov)
  • The studies also found that 42 % to 53 % of the influenza viral RNA was contained in airborne particles less than 4 µm in aerodynamic diameter (the respirable size fraction). (cdc.gov)
  • The infection assay was performed on viral particles that were pretreated with inhibitors, and its luciferase activity was evaluated. (fcdijack.com)
  • The cells had been infected with .01 plaque-forming units of VSV per cell and permitted to culture for 24 h prior to viral particles were harvested. (useritem.top)
  • Viral particles had been concentrated applying ultracentrifugation and quantified making use of plaque assay. (useritem.top)
  • Welgen provides a customer 3 ml of 1×1012 viral particles/ml in our standard amplification/purification services (CAT#3000). (welgen.com)
  • Existing adenovirus vectors supplied by our customers or newly constructed vectors will be amplified to 1 x 1012 viral particles. (welgen.com)
  • The final product (1 ml, 1×1012 viral particles/ml) will be dialyzed, tittered spectrophotometrically, and tested for sterility, and then shipped to customer. (welgen.com)
  • Existing adenovirus vectors supplied by our customers or newly constructed vectors will be amplified to obtain more than 3 x 1012 viral particles, which requires approximately 2 weeks. (welgen.com)
  • Plaque halos, in particular, are devoid of phage particles or phage infections. (thephage.xyz)
  • However, the presence of viral particles may indicate that lysis has occurred. (thephage.xyz)
  • By fusing the jellyfish enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter molecule (EGFP) to the carboxy-terminus of Us9, we demonstrated that Us9 not only is capable of targeting a Us9-EGFP fusion protein to the Golgi compartment, it also is able to direct efficient incorporation of such chimeric molecules into infectious viral particles. (vetres.org)
  • In this 2019 photo, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) scientist examines the result of a plaque assay, which is a test that allows scientist to count how many flu virus particles (virions) are in a mixture. (cdc.gov)
Replication8
  • MPDGP showed significant inflammation tropism and efficient suppression of both viral replication and virus infection-associated inflammation in the CMV-induced pneumonia model. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this report, we systematically analyzed the effect of famotidine on viral proteases and virus replication. (nature.com)
  • Seventeen of these participants tested positive for influenza A virus by viral plaque assay (VPA) with confirmation by viral replication assay (VRA). (cdc.gov)
  • Type I interferon response to ZIKV infection in host cells suppresses viral replication by inducing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previously we developed a replication-defective EBOV (termed EBOV?VP30) which is based on theMayinga strain of EBOV and lacks the coding region for the essential viral transcription activator VP30 (15). (immune-source.com)
  • Viral titers showed that in comparison to the WT strain, the replication of the Omicron VOC was decreased in the HEC50B and Calu-3 cells that use metalloproteinase or TMPRSS2 pathways. (fcdijack.com)
  • In this study, we have designed three siRNAs (PB2-2235, PB2-479 and NP-865) targeting PB2 and NP genes of avian influenza virus and evaluated their potential, measured by hemagglutination (HA), plaque reduction and Real time RT-PCR assay, in inhibiting H5N1 virus (A/chicken/Navapur/7972/2006) replication in MDCK cells. (who.int)
  • During initial viral replication, active ganglionitis develops and results in neural necrosis and severe pain, responsible for the prodromal symptom of intense pain that precedes skin eruption in more than 90% of the cases. (bvsalud.org)
Detection12
  • Viral loads and detection consistency among Plains ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of West Nile virus antibodies in domestic mammals. (ajtmh.org)
  • While ELISA-based assays to detect and quantitate antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in patient samples have been developed, the detection of neutralizing antibodies typically requires more demanding cell-based viral assays. (jci.org)
  • Here, we present a safe and efficient protein-based assay for the detection of serum and plasma antibodies that block the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) with its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). (jci.org)
  • The assay serves as a surrogate neutralization assay and is performed on the same platform and in parallel with an ELISA for the detection of antibodies against the RBD, enabling a direct comparison. (jci.org)
  • Coxsackie B virus infection can be diagnosed by isolation of the virus in cell culture, detection of virus RNA via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or serologic evaluation of viral antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • Although seldom performed for the diagnosis of pleurodynia per se, tissue diagnosis can be made by direct detection of the viral antigen or by isolation of RNA virus-specific sequences. (medscape.com)
  • Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is now an established technique for the detection of viral nucleic acids, especially from specimens with a low viral load that may be associated with false-negative cell culture results. (medscape.com)
  • a western blot analysis is an assay which allows detection of protein present in a extract resolved on polyacrylamide gel by electrophoresis, transfered to a membrane made of nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene difluoride and immobilized using formaldehyde based cross linking. (immport.org)
  • An assay that uses the detection of electromagnetic waves in a surface to detect material entities adsorbed to the surface, which changes the local index of refraction. (immport.org)
  • To aid in the planning of public health measures such as early detection of cases and discrimination of viral from bacterial tick-borne infections, field studies are necessary in providing tick infection rates, species distribution, and level of endemicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nineteen national-level public health laboratories performed routine dengue diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules: one containing commercial serum samples spiked with cultured dengue viruses for the detection of nucleic acid and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (Module A) and one containing human serum samples for the detection of anti-dengue virus antibodies (Module B). A review of logistics arrangements was also conducted. (who.int)
Overlay plaque assay2
  • After selection of a specific recombinant viral isolate, a passage #1 seed stock is expanded to a 500ml volume and the passage #2 viral stock is titered by an agarose overlay plaque assay to determine the virus concentration in pfu/ml. (bcm.edu)
  • To explore anti-phage activity double agar overlay plaque assay was used. (medscape.com)
Antibodies4
  • Improved fluorescent plaque assay method using fluorescently-labeled antibodies and the use of the Celigo image cytometer. (nexcelom.com)
  • Viroclinics Xplore offers preclinical services including testing of efficacy, safety, PK and (immune) toxicology of drugs, antibodies, vaccines and antivirals targeting viral infectious diseases. (viroclinics.com)
  • An analyte assay in which a series of beads coated with antibodies specific for different analytes and marked with discrete fluorescent labels are used to simultaneously capture and quantitate soluble analytes. (immport.org)
  • A serological test that measures the ability of antibodies in specific concentrations of serum to prevent the formation of plaques in a cell monolayer when combined with a viral suspension. (immport.org)
Isolate2
  • Molecular methods may soon replace viral culture and neutralization assays used to isolate and type enteroviruses. (medscape.com)
  • We then collect wastewater samples, bring them to the lab and perform plaque assays, isolate viral clones, purify bacteriophages, and visualize the bacteriophages using transmission electron microscopy. (medlineplus.gov)
Polymerase3
  • The synergistic effects by combination of viral DNA elongation inhibitor GCV and viral DNA polymerase inhibitor PFA on suppressing the inflammation efficiently. (researchsquare.com)
  • Quantification of intracellular SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) was then executed by detecting the viral RNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). (fcdijack.com)
  • The samples were tested by plaque reduction neutralization test, polymerase chain reaction or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (who.int)
Bacterial6
  • Conventional methods of assaying for viral inactivation based on plaque forming assays require 24-48 hours for bacterial growth. (arxiv.org)
  • Plaque halo refers to the partial-turbid clearance surrounding the original phage-induced clearance of the bacterial lawn. (thephage.xyz)
  • According to research, the halo around phage plaques appears due to bacterial polysaccharide capsule reduction or disappearance. (thephage.xyz)
  • Human and animal skin diseases of bacterial, fungal and viral nature and their complications are widespread and globally cause a serious trouble. (medscape.com)
  • The prevalence of bacterial, fungal and viral skin infectious diseases and their complications are continuously increasing throughout the world. (medscape.com)
  • Bacterial plaque is the primary etiological factor for periodontitis , but the majority of destruction of the periodontal tissues concludes from a sequence of immune-inflammatory reactions [ 3 ]. (rroij.com)
Deoxyribonucleic acid1
  • Studies have reported that the locus of the human-origin A3 enzyme codes for six functional cytidine deaminases (A-3A, -3B, -3C, -3F, -3G, and -3H), described initially as intrinsic cell limiting factors against viral organisms through cytidine to uracil deamination in ssDNA (single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid). (socialworker-findoffice.com)
QPCR2
  • Cells were harvested 24h post infection and intracellular viral RNA quantified by qPCR. (trendfool.com)
  • Cultures were harvested 24h post infection and viral RNA quantified by qPCR and infectious virus shed from the apical surface by viral plaque assay. (trendfool.com)
Real-tim1
  • RV infection of hORMDL3 zp3-Cre mice resulted in reduced RV viral load assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (lung and airway epithelium), as well as reduced airway inflammation (total bronchoalveolar lavage cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes) compared with RV-infected wild-type mice. (aai.org)
Vitro4
  • We evaluated the viral suppression effects of MPDGP in vitro and in vivo . (researchsquare.com)
  • Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay is a rapid, in vitro technique based on viral RNA amplification, targeting highly conserved regions in 5' URT gene. (medscape.com)
  • Comparisons of viral growth in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was tested in vitro on RC-37 cells using a plaque reduction assay. (nih.gov)
Airborne influenza viral2
  • Several studies have shown that airborne influenza viral RNA can be detected in a variety of health care facilities. (cdc.gov)
  • NIOSH researchers completed two studies measuring how much airborne influenza viral Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was present in healthcare facilities during influenza seasons. (cdc.gov)
Dilution assay2
  • This endpoint dilution assay quantifies the amount of virus required to kill 50% of infected hosts or to produce a cytopathic effect in 50% of inoculated tissue culture cells. (immport.org)
  • Antifungal activity was tested by agar dilution assay. (medscape.com)
Genes3
  • Trem2 deficiency during viral-induced demyelination dysregulates expression of other select genes regulating phagocytic pathways and lipid metabolism, with distinct effects on microglia and BMDM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To determine other viral genes involved in pathogenesis, we have been testing selected ADV mutants for defects in neuroinvasion in a rodent model. (vetres.org)
  • In addition,some information on the virological ships of the viral genes,their protein products,and components of MMR vaccine and tests carried out host±virus interactions at the nucleic acid and protein on them prior to release for human use is provided. (who.int)
Genome1
  • Th e d reverse genetics system s , through which an intended gene manipulation can be used to construct CAdV introduced into the viral genome, is a powerful tool for use in basic studies on CAdVs (e.g., on their pathogenesis) as well as in practical studies (e.g., on CAdV-based vectors , their large genome size creates tec and recombinant vaccines). (encyclopedia.pub)
Determine viral1
  • Titration of progeny viruses The plaque assay technique was used to determine viral titers (20). (phytid.org)
Viruses2
  • Viruses and virus plaque assays HSV-1 strain F and HSV-1-EGFP were amplified in Vero cells with DMEM (Gibco) containing 2% FBS. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • While mutant viruses lacking the Us9 gene have no obvious growth or plaque size defects in tissue culture, these mutants are defective for anterograde directional spread in a subset of retinal ganglion neurons that make up visual circuitry after infection of the rat eye. (vetres.org)
Seed viral stocks1
  • In addition to amplifying seed viral stocks from newly generated recombinant baculoviruses, the resource also amplifies, titers and stores viral stocks from existing recombinant baculoviruses provided by investigators. (bcm.edu)
Influenza1
  • Whole-virus vaccines (either live attenuated or inactivated) have a long history as successful human vaccines offering protection against potentially deadly viral diseases such as smallpox influenza mumps and measles (13). (immune-source.com)
Cells13
  • Individual recombinant viral isolates are plucked from agarose and used to infect Sf9 insect cells. (bcm.edu)
  • Viral growth occurs in 1-4 days, causing a cytopathic effect on the host cells, resulting in rounded, refractile cells that eventually lyse. (medscape.com)
  • CCB cells were infected with the strains indicated, and plaques areas were measured over time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The low melting temperature of SeaPlaque TM Agarose makes it ideal for preparative DNA and RNA electrophoresis, while its low gelling temperature is ideal for cloning of tissue culture cells and viral plaque assays. (lonza.com)
  • The virus inoculum (Vo) and the blood samples (Vt) obtained at different times post-inoculation (p.i.) were titrated on Vero cells and the cleared plaque forming-units (PFU) were calculated as the log Vt/Vo. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • To increase the biosafety profile of EBOV?VP30 we therefore treated it with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 3 final concentration) for 4 hours on ice followed Pseudoginsenoside-F11 by viral plaque assays in VP30-expressing cells which confirmed complete virus inactivation. (immune-source.com)
  • A quantitative assay where different dilutions of serum are mixed with virus and used to infect cells. (immport.org)
  • A binding assay in which a collection of phages expressing a library of different peptides or protein fragnments is used to infect cells, followed by screening for cells that bind a protein of interest, and identifiying the sequence of infecting phages to determine a suitable binding partner. (immport.org)
  • Furthermore, the study found that E-64d and marimastat could effectively inhibit viral infection in the human endometrioid adenocarcinoma (HEC50B) cells while nafamostat could not produce the same effect. (fcdijack.com)
  • Also, the high sensitivity of the OVISE cells towards E-64d treatment against infection showed that the endosomal pathway was the primary point of viral entry in the OVISE cells. (fcdijack.com)
  • Calu-3 cells pretreated with AVS were infected with (authentic) SARS-CoV-2, which resulted in a significant decrease of intracellular viral ribonucleic acid (RNA). (trendfool.com)
  • Viral titers in the supernatants and cells were determined by standard plaque assay. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • The strain was produced in Vero E6 cells, and the passage 2 stock was obtained using plaque-forming assays. (socialworker-findoffice.com)
Reduction neutralization test1
  • The results obtained with our assay correlate with those of 2 viral-based assays, a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) that uses live SARS-CoV-2 virus and a spike pseudotyped viral vector-based assay. (jci.org)
Vaccines4
  • Vaccines for viral diseases are __________ and help prevent infec. (pearson.com)
  • Whole-virus vaccines present multiple viral proteins and the viral genetic material to the host immune system which may trigger a broader and more robust immune response than vectored vaccines that present only single viral proteins. (immune-source.com)
  • Canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) can be the backbones of viral vectors that could be applied in recombinant vaccines or for gene transfer in dogs and in serologically naïve humans. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • An interesting alternative to "traditional" vaccines would be the use of synthetic viral peptides as immunogens. (biomedcentral.com)
Host and viral2
  • Moreover, the rapid clearance observed was independent of the animal host and viral dose. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The pathogenesis of rotavirus diarrhea is influenced by both host and viral variables, and both have an impact on the disease's prognosis. (clinicalsci.info)
Protein3
  • HSV infection induces Satraplatin protein kinase R activation, the host defense mechanism against viral infection, and subsequently shuts off host protein synthesis (12). (phytid.org)
  • Electrophoretic mobility shift assay is an assay which aims to provide information about Protein-DNA or Protein-RNA interaction and which used gel electrophoresis and relies on the fact the molecular interactions will cause the heterodimer to be retarded on the gel when compared to controls corresponding to protein extract alone and protein extract + neutral nucleic acid. (immport.org)
  • Through internalization assays with an EGFP epitope-tagged Us9 protein, we demonstrate that the maintenance of Us9 to the TGN region is a dynamic process involving retrieval of molecules from the cell surface. (vetres.org)
Virology1
  • high throughput serology-, virology- and molecular assays, phenotyping, and genotyping in both translational studies and phase I-IV clinical studies. (viroclinics.com)
Diseases1
  • Overall, these results indicate that the immune environment induced by triclosan exposure has the potential to influence the developing immune response to a respiratory viral infection and may have implications for healthcare workers who may be at an increased risk for developing infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
Vero1
  • After 2 h incubation, Vero cell monolayers were washed once with PBS, overlaid with medium containing 1% methylcellulose plus JNJ-28312141 with 2% FBS for 4 days, and stained to count plaques. (islamophobiacon.com)
Morbidity2
  • Infected mice exposed to triclosan did not show an increase in morbidity or mortality, and viral titers were unchanged. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality caused by any of four closely related virus serotypes (DENV-1,-2,-3 and -4), all of which circulate in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
Phage4
  • What Causes Phage Plaque Halo? (thephage.xyz)
  • Not every phage infection can cause the formation of plaque haloes. (thephage.xyz)
  • Plaque assay for lambda transducing phage carrying the E. coli metB gene. (thephage.xyz)
  • One Reply to "What Causes Phage Plaque Halo? (thephage.xyz)
Antigen1
  • An assay with the objective to determine presence of an analyte by mixing a solution of antigen and antibody and separating out bound antigen:antibody complexes using immunoprecipitation. (immport.org)
Anti-viral8
  • Performance evaluation of the fabricated anti-viral filter was carried out. (aaqr.org)
  • The most conventional method of coating pristine air filter media with anti-viral material involves applying a wet coating via solution processing, wherein the filter media needs to be soaked in a solution containing a large amount of dispersed anti-viral material, and then drying the coated filter using a heated air flow. (aaqr.org)
  • By contrast, applying an aerosolized coating is a dry process, wherein aerosolized anti-viral material is directly deposited on the filter at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. (aaqr.org)
  • The generated anti-viral material (SiO 2 -Ag nanoparticles), which includes liquid droplets, is dried by a sheath air flow and directly applied to a commercial air filter unit. (aaqr.org)
  • The coated anti-viral filter is evaluated for filtration efficiency and anti-viral activity against aerosolized MS2 bacteriophage. (aaqr.org)
  • 2017). In this method, the filter media needs to be soaked in a solution with a large amount of dispersed anti-viral material. (aaqr.org)
  • Our findings have broadened the understanding of the anti-viral function of ADP-ribosyltransferase family members, and provided potential therapeutic targets against viral ZIKV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viral infection induces the production of IFN-I and about 300 ISGs which exert a broad-spectrum anti-viral effect. (biomedcentral.com)
Highly conserved1
  • Viral mutants lacking the highly conserved Us9 acidic motif required for endocytosis and trans -Golgi network targeting are defective for directional spread in the rat visual system. (vetres.org)
Respiratory viral1
  • By contrast, Trem2 functions can exacerbate tissue damage during respiratory viral or liver infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissue culture1
  • Many showed uniform plaque morphology and grew to high titre in tissue culture. (who.int)
Inactivation1
  • Taken together, our work provides a rapid method for assaying viral inactivation with femtosecond lasers using solid-state nanopores. (arxiv.org)
Zika1
  • As CDC learns more about Zika virus CDC incorporates new information into its laboratory guidance for Zika virus so that we can refine and improve these assays. (cdc.gov)
Glycoproteins1
  • The viral surface glycoproteins (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) regularly undergo amino acid changes that often lead to new variant strains [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Vivo1
  • The greatest advantage of in silico methods is that they are usually faster and cheaper than classical tests, whilst also reducing the number of animals to in vivo assays [15]. (biomedscis.com)
Immunofluorescence1
  • Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assay were performed to illustrate the interaction between PARP11 and PARP12. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice2
  • As the single nucleotide polymorphisms linking ORMDL3 to asthma are associated with increased expression of ORMDL3, we have used hORMDL3 zp3-Cre mice (which have universal increased expression of human ORMDL3) to determine whether infection of these transgenic mice with RV influences levels of airway inflammation or RV viral load. (aai.org)
  • RNAse L-deficient mice infected with RV had increased RV viral load. (aai.org)
Proteins1
  • From an immunological point of view, vaccination with short and well-defined peptides may be preferential to immunizing with whole viral proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Transfection1
  • Recombinant baculovirus stocks from the transfection or co-transfection are plaque purified by an agarose overlay assay. (bcm.edu)
Phylogenetic1
  • The basal phylogenetic clustering of viral sequences from camels in Africa suggests an African origin of MERS-CoV ( 9 , 10 ). (cdc.gov)
Acute1
  • A recent study posted to the bioRxiv * preprint server assessed the role of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron spike H655Y mutation on viral entry pathways. (fcdijack.com)
Isolates2
  • State of strain collections and viability of viral isolates. (who.int)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hold 451 viral isolates derived from several different national collections. (who.int)
Agar2
  • Plaque assays with bacteriophage involve overlaying "bottom agar" with "top agar" that contains bacteriophage-infected host bacteria. (lifeandbiology.com)
  • Bacteriostatic activity and minimal inhibitory concentrations of the preparation against various test-organisms were determined by agar well diffusion assay. (medscape.com)
Sensitivity2
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral cultures have limited clinical utility in the management of enteroviral meningitis due to poor sensitivity (65-75%), high cost, and long turnaround time. (medscape.com)
  • [ 15 ] In the CSF, RT-PCR has better sensitivity than viral culture. (medscape.com)
Inhibition1
  • Inhibition of viral infection in both cell lines by AVS was comparable to that of the antiviral remdesivir. (trendfool.com)
Molecular1
  • In addition we have a broad range of validated molecular assays available ranging from simple PCR analysis to sensitive sequence analysis directly from the clinical sample. (viroclinics.com)
Infections1
  • Throat viral cultures are more sensitive than urine viral cultures and confirm 33% of the enteroviral infections studied. (medscape.com)
Clinical4
  • Both preclinical and clinical diagnostic departments are supported by the assay development department for designing customized solutions. (viroclinics.com)
  • In association with the assay development department, clinical diagnostic services offer tailor-made solutions in consultation with the sponsor in order to complete the study as efficiently as possible. (viroclinics.com)
  • All personnel who are involved in the clinical trial are trained and all processes, temperature monitoring and assays are performed according to the ISO 15189 accredited quality system. (viroclinics.com)
  • Clinical parameters like Plaque index, Gingival index, Gingival bleeding index, Probing depth and Relative attachment level were recorded at baseline and at the end of six weeks. (rroij.com)
Drug resistance1
  • Efficacy and safety assays target protective immunological responses, assess viral loads and monitor drug resistance. (viroclinics.com)
Reagents1
  • Cooperation between staff at the two collaborating centres has begun, in order to ensure that any future work on viral characterization, including the transfer of reagents, is adequately coordinated. (who.int)
Strain1
  • Overall, these results indicate that a significant difference exists between the viral entry mechanism used by the WT strain and Omicron VOC. (fcdijack.com)
Hepatitis2
  • Chronic liver disease (CLD) patients, including those with viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatic disease and schistosomiasis, have an impact on dental practice. (who.int)
  • The aim of this study was to explore the association between hepatitis C viral infection and coronary artery disease. (who.int)
Antibody1
  • Screening the different designs with various antibody binding and cellular assays revealed that combining a branched design with the addition of lipid moieties greatly enhanced the immunoreactivity. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutation1
  • Specifically, infection and atherosclerosis are available with this theory proposed that a mutation or a viral agent some studies showing an association between HCV may represent events able to transform a single smooth seropositivity and carotid artery plaque and carotid muscle cell into the progenitor of a proliferative clone ( 7 ). (who.int)
Subsequently1
Transcription1
  • A transcription profiling assay in which aims to quantify the microRNA species within a biological sample. (immport.org)
Typically done1
  • Screening is typically done by immunoblot assay. (bcm.edu)
Concentration2
  • The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of peppermint oil for herpes simplex virus plaque formation was determined at 0.002% and 0.0008% for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of maternal homocysteine concentration using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. (bvsalud.org)
Differential Virulence of West Nile Strains for American Crows - Volume 10, Number 12-December 2004 - Emerging Infectious...
Differential Virulence of West Nile Strains for American Crows - Volume 10, Number 12-December 2004 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
West Nile Virus Viremia in Wild Rock Pigeons - Volume 10, Number 12-December 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
West Nile Virus Viremia in Wild Rock Pigeons - Volume 10, Number 12-December 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Share
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Inhibition of SARS Coronavirus Infection In Vitro with Clinically Approved Antiviral Drugs - Volume 10, Number 4-April 2004 -...
Inhibition of SARS Coronavirus Infection In Vitro with Clinically Approved Antiviral Drugs - Volume 10, Number 4-April 2004 -... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Laboratory Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Reduction Through Physically Distanced Seating in Aircraft Cabins Using...
Laboratory Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Reduction Through Physically Distanced Seating in Aircraft Cabins Using... (cdc.gov)
Surveillance for West Nile Virus in American White Pelicans, Montana, USA, 2006-2007 - Volume 16, Number 3-March 2010 -...
Surveillance for West Nile Virus in American White Pelicans, Montana, USA, 2006-2007 - Volume 16, Number 3-March 2010 -... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Volume 10, Number 3-March 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Volume 10, Number 3-March 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Coronaviridae and SARS-associated Coronavirus Strain HSR1 - Volume 10, Number 3-March 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
Coronaviridae and SARS-associated Coronavirus Strain HSR1 - Volume 10, Number 3-March 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy Fails to Improve Outcome in Experimental Severe Influenza [Abstract]
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy Fails to Improve Outcome in Experimental Severe Influenza [Abstract] (medsci.org)
Figure - West Nile Virus, Venezuela - Volume 13, Number 4-April 2007 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Figure - West Nile Virus, Venezuela - Volume 13, Number 4-April 2007 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
West Nile Virus Surveillance, Guadeloupe, 2003-2004 - Volume 11, Number 7-July 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
West Nile Virus Surveillance, Guadeloupe, 2003-2004 - Volume 11, Number 7-July 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Artificial Stem Cells Mediated Inflammation-Tropic Delivery of Antiviral Drugs for Pneumonia Treatment | Research Square
Artificial Stem Cells Mediated Inflammation-Tropic Delivery of Antiviral Drugs for Pneumonia Treatment | Research Square (researchsquare.com)
1806.01463] Femtosecond Photonic Viral Inactivation Probed Using Solid-State Nanopores
1806.01463] Femtosecond Photonic Viral Inactivation Probed Using Solid-State Nanopores (jp.arxiv.org)
Exploring the Bacteriophage Life Cycle | Ward's Science
Exploring the Bacteriophage Life Cycle | Ward's Science (wardsci.com)
Dry Aerosol Coating of Anti-viral Particles on Commercial Air Filters Using a High-volume Flow Atomizer - Aerosol and Air...
Dry Aerosol Coating of Anti-viral Particles on Commercial Air Filters Using a High-volume Flow Atomizer - Aerosol and Air... (aaqr.org)
The in-vitro effect of famotidine on SARS-CoV-2 proteases and virus replication | Scientific Reports
The in-vitro effect of famotidine on SARS-CoV-2 proteases and virus replication | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
OUR SERVICES - Viroclinics
OUR SERVICES - Viroclinics (viroclinics.com)
Laboratory Surveillance of Dengue in Argentina, 1995-2001 - Volume 9, Number 6-June 2003 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal...
Laboratory Surveillance of Dengue in Argentina, 1995-2001 - Volume 9, Number 6-June 2003 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP11 suppresses Zika virus in synergy with PARP12 | Cell & Bioscience | Full Text
ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP11 suppresses Zika virus in synergy with PARP12 | Cell & Bioscience | Full Text (cellandbioscience.biomedcentral.com)
JCI Insight - A simple protein-based surrogate neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2
JCI Insight - A simple protein-based surrogate neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 (insight.jci.org)
T cell deficiency precipitates antibody evasion and emergence of neurovirulent polyomavirus | eLife
T cell deficiency precipitates antibody evasion and emergence of neurovirulent polyomavirus | eLife (elifesciences.org)
Seasonal Flu in the Workplace: Transmission Research | NIOSH | CDC
Seasonal Flu in the Workplace: Transmission Research | NIOSH | CDC (cdc.gov)
Home, Protein Expression and Purification, contract services?FDA EFSA Food safety testing
Home, Protein Expression and Purification, contract services?FDA EFSA Food safety testing (cytomol.com)
Biocontainment Laboratory-University of Pittsburgh | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Biocontainment Laboratory-University of Pittsburgh | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (niaid.nih.gov)