Vinca Alkaloids
Alkaloids
Ergot Alkaloids
Vindesine
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
Tubulin
Podophyllotoxin
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Leukemia P388
Microtubules
Drug Resistance
Tubulin Modulators
P-Glycoprotein
Colchicine
Drug Antagonism
Berberine Alkaloids
Daunorubicin
Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
Doxorubicin
Sarcoma 180
Drug Resistance, Multiple
Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids
Mitosis
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
Catharanthus
Molecular Structure
Aconitum
Mechanisms of action of and resistance to antitubulin agents: microtubule dynamics, drug transport, and cell death. (1/160)
PURPOSE: To analyze the available data concerning mechanisms of action of and mechanisms of resistance to the antitubulin agents, vinca alkaloids and taxanes, and more recently described compounds. DESIGN: We conducted a review of the literature on classic and recent antitubulin agents, focusing particularly on the relationships between antitubulin agents and their intracellular target, the soluble tubulin/microtubule complex. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Although it is widely accepted that antitubulin agents block cell division by inhibition of the mitotic spindle, the mechanism of action of antitubulin agents on microtubules remains to be determined. The classic approach is that vinca alkaloids depolymerize microtubules, thereby increasing the soluble tubulin pool, whereas taxanes stabilize microtubules and increase the microtubular mass. More recent data suggest that both classes of agents have a similar mechanism of action, involving the inhibition of microtubule dynamics. These data suggest that vinca alkaloids and taxanes may act synergistically as antitumor agents and may be administered as combination chemotherapy in the clinic. However, enhanced myeloid and neurologic toxicity, as well as a strong dependence on the sequence of administration, presently exclude these combinations outside the context of clinical trials. Although the multidrug resistance phenotype mediated by Pgp appears to be an important mechanism of resistance to these agents, alterations of microtubule structure resulting in altered microtubule dynamics and/or altered binding of antitubulin agents may constitute a significant mechanism of drug resistance. (+info)Involvement of phosphodiesterase-cGMP-PKG pathway in intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in pituitary GH3 cells. (2/160)
The present study investigates the potential role of the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent type I phosphodiesterase (PDE)-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway in spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations in GH3 cells using fura-2 single cell videoimaging. Vinpocetine (2.5-50 microM), a selective inhibitor of type I PDE, induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations in these pituitary cells, and at the same time produced an increase of the intracellular cGMP content. The cell permeable cGMP analog N2,2'-O-dibutyryl-cGMP (dB-cGMP) (1 mM) caused a progressive reduction of the frequency and the amplitude of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations when added to the medium. KT5823 (400 nM), a selective inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), produced an increase of baseline [Ca2+]i and the disappearance of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations. When KT5823 was added before vinpocetine, the PKG inhibitor counteracted the [Ca2+]i lowering effect of the cGMP catabolism inhibitor. Finally, the removal of extracellular Ca2+ or the blockade of L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) by nimodipine produced a decrease of cytosolic cGMP levels. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations in GH3 cells may be regulated by the activity of type I PDE-cGMP-PKG pathway. (+info)Inhibitory effects of vinpocetine on sodium current in rat cardiomyocytes. (3/160)
AIM: To study the effects of vinpocetine (Vin) on the sodium current (INa) in cardiomyocytes. METHODS: The sodium current in adult rat ventricular myocytes was measured by whole cell patch-clamp technique. RESULTS: The INa in cardiomyocytes was blocked reversibly by Vin, in concentration-dependent and voltage-dependent manner, but not rate- or use-dependent. The INa was attenuated by 13%-75% when the Vin concentration was raised from 10 to 80 mumol.L-1. The IC50 (95% confidence limits) was 36.4 (28.1-47.1) mumol.L-1. When the membrane potential depolarized over the range of -90 mV to +40 mV in 10-mV step, inhibitory effect of Vin on the INa was 39% at first, then maintained at a higher level, about 52% +/- 5%. The maximal depression (57%) reached at about 0 mV. Vin influenced both the activation and inactivation processes of sodium channel, and resulted in attenuation of the window currents (the slowly inactivating sodium currents). CONCLUSION: Vin inhibited sodium currents in rat ventricular myocytes. (+info)A review of nutrients and botanicals in the integrative management of cognitive dysfunction. (4/160)
Dementias and other severe cognitive dysfunction states pose a daunting challenge to existing medical management strategies. An integrative, early intervention approach seems warranted. Whereas, allopathic treatment options are highly limited, nutritional and botanical therapies are available which have proven degrees of efficacy and generally favorable benefit-to-risk profiles. This review covers five such therapies: phosphatidylserine (PS), acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC), vinpocetine, Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE), and Bacopa monniera (Bacopa). PS is a phospholipid enriched in the brain, validated through double-blind trials for improving memory, learning, concentration, word recall, and mood in middle-aged and elderly subjects with dementia or age-related cognitive decline. PS has an excellent benefit-to-risk profile. ALC is an energizer and metabolic cofactor which also benefits various cognitive functions in the middle-aged and elderly, but with a slightly less favorable benefit-to-risk profile. Vinpocetine, found in the lesser periwinkle Vinca minor, is an excellent vasodilator and cerebral metabolic enhancer with proven benefits for vascular-based cognitive dysfunction. Two meta-analyses of GbE demonstrate the best preparations offer limited benefits for vascular insufficiencies and even more limited benefits for Alzheimer's, while "commodity" GbE products offer little benefit, if any at all. GbE (and probably also vinpocetine) is incompatible with blood-thinning drugs. Bacopa is an Ayurvedic botanical with apparent anti-anxiety, anti-fatigue, and memory-strengthening effects. These five substances offer interesting contributions to a personalized approach for restoring cognitive function, perhaps eventually in conjunction with the judicious application of growth factors. (+info)DNA damage increases sensitivity to vinca alkaloids and decreases sensitivity to taxanes through p53-dependent repression of microtubule-associated protein 4. (5/160)
Taxanes and Vinca alkaloids are among the most active classes of drugs in the treatment of cancer. Yet, fewer than 50% of previously untreated patients respond, and clinicians have few ways of predicting who will benefit from treatment and who will not. Mutations in p53 occur in more than half of human malignancies and may alter the sensitivity to a variety of anticancer therapies. We have shown that the transcriptional status of p53 determines the sensitivity to antimicrotubule drugs and that this is mediated through the regulation of microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4). Expression of MAP4 is transcriptionally repressed by wild-type p53. Increased expression of MAP4, which occurs when p53 is transcriptionally inactive, increases microtubule polymerization, paclitaxel binding, and sensitivity to paclitaxel, a drug that stabilizes polymerized microtubules. In contrast, overexpression of MAP4 decreases microtubule binding and sensitivity to Vinca alkaloids, which promotes microtubule depolymerization. To determine whether induction of endogenous wild-type p53 by DNA-damaging agents alters the expression of MAP4 and changes the sensitivity to antimicrotubule drugs, we assayed cell lines with wild-type or mutant p53 for the expression of MAP4 and drug sensitivity before and after DNA damage. UV irradiation, bleomycin, and doxorubicin increased wild-type p53 expression and decreased MAP4 expression. These changes were associated with decreased sensitivity to paclitaxel and increased sensitivity to vinblastine. These changes in drug sensitivity were no longer observed when p53 and MAP4 returned to baseline levels. Changes in drug sensitivity following DNA-damaging agents were associated with decreased binding of paclitaxel and increased binding of Vinca alkaloids. In contrast, DNA damage did not alter the sensitivity to non-microtubule-active drugs, such as 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and doxorubicin. Changes in drug sensitivity following DNA-damaging drugs were not observed in cells with mutant p53. These studies demonstrate that induction of wild-type p53 by DNA-damaging agents can affect the sensitivity to antimicrotubule drugs through the regulation of MAP4 expression and may have implications for the design of clinical anticancer therapies. (+info)Local anesthetics affect transmembrane cytoskeletal control of mobility and distribution of cell surface receptors. (6/160)
Tertiary amine local anesthetics facilitated concanavalin A-induced redistribution of lectin receptors on murine BALB/3T3 cells and enhanced the susceptibility of these cells to agglutination by concanavalin A. In contrast, these drugs at similar concentrations inhibited ligand-induced capping of immunoglobulin receptors on mouse lymphocytes. We propose that these differing effects of local anesthetics on membrane receptor mobility in fibroblasts and lymphocytes result from the action of anesthetics on membrane-associated microtubules and microfilaments involved in the transmembrane control of receptor mobility. We present electron microscopic evidence of structural alterations in microtubule and microfilament organization in anesthetic-treated cells, together with data on changes in the responsiveness of anesthetic-treated cells to drugs that act on microtubules and/or microfilaments. This evidence supports the proposal that anesthetics affect the organization of cytoskeletal components or their plasma membrane attachment points. The effects of local anesthetics on ligand-induced redistribution of membrane receptors in both 3T3 cells and lymphocytes can be duplicated by treating cells with colchicine (or Vinca alkaloids) together with cytochalasin B. We propose that the participation of membrane-associated microtubules and microfilaments in the transmembrane control of receptor mobility is such that microtubules and microfilaments play opposing roles in regulating the mobility and topography of cell surface receptors. (+info)Molecular cloning and analysis of strictosidine beta-D-glucosidase, an enzyme in terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. (7/160)
Strictosidine beta-D-glucosidase (SGD) is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) by converting strictosidine to cathenamine. The biosynthetic pathway toward strictosidine is thought to be similar in all TIA-producing plants. Somewhere downstream of strictosidine formation, however, the biosynthesis diverges to give rise to the different TIAs found. SGD may play a role in creating this biosynthetic diversity. We have studied SGD at both the molecular and enzymatic levels. Based on the homology between different plant beta-glucosidases, degenerate polymerase chain reaction primers were designed and used to isolate a cDNA clone from a Catharanthus roseus cDNA library. A full-length clone gave rise to SGD activity when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SGD shows approximately 60% homology at the amino acid level to other beta-glucosidases from plants and is encoded by a single-copy gene. Sgd expression is induced by methyl jasmonate with kinetics similar to those of two other genes acting prior to Sgd in TIA biosynthesis. These results show that coordinate induction of the biosynthetic genes forms at least part of the mechanism for the methyl jasmonate-induced increase in TIA production. Using a novel in vivo staining method, subcellular localization studies of SGD were performed. This showed that SGD is most likely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, which is in accordance with the presence of a putative signal sequence, but in contrast to previous localization studies. This new insight in SGD localization has significant implications for our understanding of the complex intracellular trafficking of metabolic intermediates during TIA biosynthesis. (+info)Human lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin capping. Normal characteristics and anomalous behavior of chronic lymphocytic leukemic lymphocytes. (8/160)
The phenomenon of redistribution of surface membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) components (capping) has been well described in mouse lymphoid cells. The characteristics of this process in human lymphocytes are less clear. This study characterizes the phenomenon of surface membrane Ig redistribution of normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes with the use of fluoroscein-labeled anti-Ig sera. Normal lymphocytes underwent rapid cap formation after incubation with anti-Ig serum in the cold and subsequent rewarming. The morphology was characteristic with aggregation over the pole of the cell opposite the nucleus and over the uropod when present. The process was energy dependent but independent of protein synthesis, and could be inhibited by vincristine, vinblastine, and colchicine but not by cytochalasin B. CLL cells, on the other hand, though showing fluorescent complex aggregation on the surface, rarely demonstrated unidirectional movement of these aggregates to form a cap. Cap formation in these cells could not be stimulated by supplementing the energy source or protein concentration of the medium nor by adding glutamic acid which could partially reverse the vincristine and vinblastine inhibition of normal capping. The failure of agents which inhibit motility to inhibit capping of the normal lymphocytes suggests that active locomotion is not a direct prerequisite for capping. The results also suggest the involvement of microtubules in normal capping and the possibility that abnormal membrane structure or microtubular function could explain the failure of CLL cells to behave normally in this regard. The role of this cellular defect in the immune deficiencies exhibited by many patients with CLL, however, is not established. (+info)Vinca alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemicals derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant, Catharanthus roseus. They are known for their antineoplastic (cancer-fighting) properties and are used in chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer. Some examples of vinca alkaloids include vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine. These agents work by disrupting the normal function of microtubules, which are important components of the cell's structure and play a critical role in cell division. By binding to tubulin, a protein that makes up microtubules, vinca alkaloids prevent the formation of mitotic spindles, which are necessary for cell division. This leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells. However, vinca alkaloids can also affect normal cells, leading to side effects such as neurotoxicity, myelosuppression, and gastrointestinal disturbances.
Alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. They are often found in plants, and are known for their complex ring structures and diverse pharmacological activities. Many alkaloids have been used in medicine for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, quinine, nicotine, and caffeine.
"Vinca" is not a medical term itself, but it refers to a group of plants that belong to the genus Vinca or the family Apocynaceae. Some species of Vinca are used in medicine and are known as "vinca alkaloids." These alkaloids include vincristine and vinblastine, which have been isolated from the Madagascar periwinkle (Vinca rosea) plant.
Vincristine and vinblastine are antimicrotubule agents that disrupt microtubule function during mitosis, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death). They have been used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including leukemias, lymphomas, and testicular cancer.
Therefore, when referring to "Vinca" in a medical context, it typically means the use of vinca alkaloids as anticancer agents.
Vinblastine is an alkaloid derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus) and is primarily used in cancer chemotherapy. It is classified as a vinca alkaloid, along with vincristine, vinorelbine, and others.
Medically, vinblastine is an antimicrotubule agent that binds to tubulin, a protein involved in the formation of microtubules during cell division. By binding to tubulin, vinblastine prevents the assembly of microtubules, which are essential for mitosis (cell division). This leads to the inhibition of cell division and ultimately results in the death of rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells.
Vinblastine is used to treat various types of cancers, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, breast cancer, and others. It is often administered intravenously in a healthcare setting and may be given as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen with other anticancer drugs.
As with any medication, vinblastine can have side effects, including bone marrow suppression (leading to an increased risk of infection, anemia, and bleeding), neurotoxicity (resulting in peripheral neuropathy, constipation, and jaw pain), nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and mouth sores. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is necessary during vinblastine treatment to manage side effects and ensure the safe and effective use of this medication.
Vincristine is an antineoplastic agent, specifically a vinca alkaloid. It is derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus). Vincristine binds to tubulin, a protein found in microtubules, and inhibits their polymerization, which results in disruption of mitotic spindles leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death). It is used in the treatment of various types of cancer including leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors. Common side effects include peripheral neuropathy, constipation, and alopecia.
Ergot alkaloids are a type of chemical compound that is produced naturally by certain fungi belonging to the genus Claviceps. These alkaloids are most famously known for being produced by the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea), which infects cereal grains such as rye and causes a condition known as ergotism in humans and animals that consume the contaminated grain.
Ergot alkaloids have a complex chemical structure and can have various effects on the human body. They are known to act as powerful vasoconstrictors, which means that they cause blood vessels to narrow and can increase blood pressure. Some ergot alkaloids also have psychoactive effects and have been used in the past for their hallucinogenic properties.
In modern medicine, certain ergot alkaloids are used in the treatment of various conditions, including migraines and Parkinson's disease. However, these compounds can be highly toxic if not used properly, and their use must be carefully monitored to avoid serious side effects.
Vindesine is a type of chemotherapy medication known as a vinca alkaloid. It is derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant and works by interfering with the formation of microtubules, which are necessary for cell division. This causes the cancer cells to stop growing and dividing, ultimately leading to their death.
Vindesine is used to treat several types of cancer, including lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, and certain types of leukemia. It may be given alone or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs. The medication is typically administered intravenously (through an IV) in a healthcare setting.
Like all chemotherapy drugs, vindesine can cause side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and increased risk of infection. It may also cause peripheral neuropathy, which is damage to the nerves that can result in numbness, tingling, or pain in the hands and feet. Vindesine can also affect blood cell production, leading to anemia, bleeding, or bruising.
It's important for patients receiving vindesine to be closely monitored by their healthcare team to manage any side effects and adjust the dosage as needed.
Antineoplastic agents, phytogenic, also known as plant-derived anticancer drugs, are medications that are derived from plants and used to treat cancer. These agents have natural origins and work by interfering with the growth and multiplication of cancer cells, helping to slow or stop the spread of the disease. Some examples of antineoplastic agents, phytogenic include paclitaxel (Taxol), vincristine, vinblastine, and etoposide. These drugs are often used in combination with other treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, and other medications to provide a comprehensive approach to cancer care.
Tubulin is a type of protein that forms microtubules, which are hollow cylindrical structures involved in the cell's cytoskeleton. These structures play important roles in various cellular processes, including maintaining cell shape, cell division, and intracellular transport. There are two main types of tubulin proteins: alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin. They polymerize to form heterodimers, which then assemble into microtubules. The assembly and disassembly of microtubules are dynamic processes that are regulated by various factors, including GTP hydrolysis, motor proteins, and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Tubulin is an essential component of the eukaryotic cell and has been a target for anti-cancer drugs such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids.
Indole alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring organic compound that contain an indole structural unit, which is a heterocyclic aromatic ring system consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. These compounds are produced by various plants and animals as secondary metabolites, and they have diverse biological activities. Some indole alkaloids have important pharmacological properties and are used in medicine as drugs or lead compounds for drug discovery. Examples of medically relevant indole alkaloids include reserpine, which is used to treat hypertension, and vinblastine and vincristine, which are used to treat various types of cancer.
Podophyllotoxin is a pharmaceutical agent derived from the podophyllum plant. It is an antimitotic compound that inhibits microtubule assembly, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. It is primarily used in topical form as a treatment for genital warts, caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Podophyllotoxin works by interfering with the growth of the wart cells, eventually causing them to die off.
It's important to note that podophyllotoxin is a potent cytotoxic agent and should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional. It should not be taken orally or applied to open wounds, and it should be kept out of reach of children.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds found in various plants, particularly in the families Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae. These compounds have a pyrrolizidine ring structure and can be toxic or carcinogenic to humans and animals. They can contaminate food and feed sources, leading to poisoning and health issues. Chronic exposure to PAs has been linked to liver damage, veno-occlusive disease, and cancer. It is important to avoid consumption of plants containing high levels of PAs and to monitor food and feed sources for PA contamination.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Leukemia P388" is not a widely recognized medical term or a specific type of leukemia. The term "P388" is often used to refer to a particular type of mouse leukemia that is commonly used in laboratory research for testing potential anti-cancer drugs.
Leukemia, in general, is a type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow and results in an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells (leukocytes). These abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells in the bone marrow, leading to a weakened immune system and various complications.
There are many different types of leukemia, classified based on the type of white blood cell affected (myeloid or lymphocytic) and the speed of progression (acute or chronic). If you're looking for information about a specific type of leukemia, I would be happy to help if you could provide more details.
Microtubules are hollow, cylindrical structures composed of tubulin proteins in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. They play crucial roles in various cellular processes such as maintaining cell shape, intracellular transport, and cell division (mitosis and meiosis). Microtubules are dynamic, undergoing continuous assembly and disassembly, which allows them to rapidly reorganize in response to cellular needs. They also form part of important cellular structures like centrioles, basal bodies, and cilia/flagella.
Drug resistance, also known as antimicrobial resistance, is the ability of a microorganism (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites) to withstand the effects of a drug that was originally designed to inhibit or kill it. This occurs when the microorganism undergoes genetic changes that allow it to survive in the presence of the drug. As a result, the drug becomes less effective or even completely ineffective at treating infections caused by these resistant organisms.
Drug resistance can develop through various mechanisms, including mutations in the genes responsible for producing the target protein of the drug, alteration of the drug's target site, modification or destruction of the drug by enzymes produced by the microorganism, and active efflux of the drug from the cell.
The emergence and spread of drug-resistant microorganisms pose significant challenges in medical treatment, as they can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents, as well as poor infection control practices, contribute to the development and dissemination of drug-resistant strains. To address this issue, it is crucial to promote prudent use of antimicrobials, enhance surveillance and monitoring of resistance patterns, invest in research and development of new antimicrobial agents, and strengthen infection prevention and control measures.
Tubulin modulators are a class of drugs that target and alter the function or structure of tubulin, which is a key component of microtubules in cells. These drugs can either stabilize or destabilize microtubules by interacting with tubulin, leading to various effects on cell division and other processes that rely on microtubule dynamics.
There are two main types of tubulin modulators:
1. Microtubule stabilizers: These drugs promote the assembly and stability of microtubules by binding to tubulin, preventing its disassembly. Examples include taxanes (e.g., paclitaxel) and vinca alkaloids (e.g., vinblastine). They are primarily used as anticancer agents because they interfere with the division of cancer cells.
2. Microtubule destabilizers: These drugs inhibit the formation and stability of microtubules by binding to tubulin, promoting its disassembly. Examples include colchicine, vinca alkaloids (e.g., vinorelbine), and combretastatins. They can also be used as anticancer agents because they disrupt the mitotic spindle during cell division, leading to cancer cell death.
Tubulin modulators have various other effects on cells beyond their impact on microtubules, such as interfering with intracellular transport and signaling pathways. These diverse actions contribute to their therapeutic potential in treating diseases like cancer, but they can also lead to side effects that limit their clinical use.
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a type of membrane transport protein that plays a crucial role in the efflux (extrusion) of various substrates, including drugs and toxins, out of cells. It is also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1).
P-gp is encoded by the ABCB1 gene and is primarily located on the apical membrane of epithelial cells in several tissues, such as the intestine, liver, kidney, and blood-brain barrier. Its main function is to protect these organs from harmful substances by actively pumping them out of the cells and back into the lumen or bloodstream.
In the context of pharmacology, P-gp can contribute to multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. When overexpressed, P-gp can reduce the intracellular concentration of various anticancer drugs, making them less effective. This has led to extensive research on inhibitors of P-gp as potential adjuvants for cancer therapy.
In summary, P-glycoprotein is a vital efflux transporter that helps maintain homeostasis by removing potentially harmful substances from cells and can impact drug disposition and response in various tissues, including the intestine, liver, kidney, and blood-brain barrier.
Antimitotic agents are a class of chemotherapeutic drugs that work by disrupting the normal mitosis (cell division) process in cells. These agents bind to and inhibit the function of specific proteins involved in the formation of the mitotic spindle, which is essential for proper chromosome separation during cell division.
By doing so, antimitotic agents prevent cancer cells from dividing and growing, ultimately leading to their death. However, these drugs can also affect normal cells that divide rapidly, such as those in the bone marrow, digestive tract, and hair follicles, which can result in side effects like anemia, nausea, vomiting, and hair loss.
Examples of antimitotic agents include vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and ixabepilone. They are often used to treat various types of cancer, such as leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer.
Maytansine is not typically defined in a medical dictionary as it is not a medical term itself, but rather a chemical compound. Maytansine is a natural product that was initially isolated from the bark of the African shrub Maytenus ovatus. It is a potent antimitotic agent, which means it interferes with cell division and has been studied for its potential use in cancer treatment.
In medical contexts, maytansine is often discussed in relation to specific drugs or therapies that utilize this compound. For example, the drug DM1 (also known as maytansinoid 1) is a derivative of maytansine and has been conjugated with monoclonal antibodies for targeted cancer therapy.
Therefore, when discussing 'Maytansine' in a medical context, it generally refers to the chemical compound or its derivatives that have potential use as anticancer agents.
Colchicine is a medication that is primarily used to treat gout, a type of arthritis characterized by sudden and severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in the joints. It works by reducing inflammation and preventing the formation of uric acid crystals that cause gout symptoms.
Colchicine is also used to treat familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), a genetic disorder that causes recurrent fevers and inflammation in the abdomen, chest, and joints. It can help prevent FMF attacks and reduce their severity.
The medication comes in the form of tablets or capsules that are taken by mouth. Common side effects of colchicine include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In rare cases, it can cause more serious side effects such as muscle weakness, nerve damage, and bone marrow suppression.
It is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully when taking colchicine, as taking too much of the medication can be toxic. People with certain health conditions, such as liver or kidney disease, may need to take a lower dose or avoid using colchicine altogether.
Cinchona alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that are found in the bark of Cinchona trees, which are native to South America. These alkaloids have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, most notably malaria. The main cinchona alkaloids include quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine.
Quinine is the most well-known of these alkaloids and has been used for centuries as an effective antimalarial agent. It works by interfering with the reproduction of the malaria parasite in the red blood cells. Quinine is also used to treat other medical conditions, such as leg cramps and restless legs syndrome.
Quinidine is another important cinchona alkaloid that is used primarily as an antiarrhythmic agent to treat irregular heart rhythms. It works by slowing down the electrical conduction in the heart and stabilizing its rhythm.
Cinchonine and cinchonidine have more limited medical uses, mainly as bitter-tasting ingredients in tonics and other beverages. However, they also have some medicinal properties, such as being used as antimalarial agents and antiarrhythmic drugs in some countries.
It is important to note that cinchona alkaloids can have serious side effects if not used properly, so they should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
Drug antagonism is a type of interaction between two or more drugs, where one drug (known as the antagonist) reduces or blocks the effects of another drug (known as the agonist). This can occur through various mechanisms, such as binding to the same receptor site as the agonist and preventing it from activating the receptor, or by increasing the metabolism or excretion of the agonist.
Drug antagonism is often used in medical treatment to counteract the negative effects of certain drugs. For example, naloxone is an opioid antagonist that can be used to reverse the respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose. Similarly, flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist that can be used to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in cases of overdose or adverse reactions.
However, drug antagonism can also lead to unintended consequences, such as when one medication reduces the effectiveness of another medication that a patient is taking for a different condition. Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to be aware of potential drug interactions and to carefully monitor their patients' responses to medications.
Berberine alkaloids are a type of natural compound found in several plants, including the Berberis species (such as barberry and tree turmeric), goldenseal, Oregon grape, and phellodendron. The most well-known and researched berberine alkaloid is berberine itself, which has a yellow color and is commonly used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating diarrhea, reducing inflammation, and combating bacterial and fungal infections.
Berberine alkaloids have a complex chemical structure that includes a nitrogen atom, making them basic in nature. They are known to interact with several biological targets, including enzymes and receptors, which contributes to their diverse pharmacological activities. Some of the key mechanisms of action of berberine alkaloids include:
1. Inhibition of DNA gyrase: Berberine alkaloids can interfere with bacterial DNA replication by inhibiting the activity of DNA gyrase, an enzyme that helps to unwind and supercoil DNA during replication. This makes them effective against a wide range of bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE).
2. Interaction with cell membranes: Berberine alkaloids can interact with the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, disrupting their integrity and increasing permeability. This can lead to the death of bacteria, fungi, and cancer cells.
3. Modulation of gene expression: Berberine has been shown to regulate the expression of various genes involved in metabolic processes, inflammation, and cell growth. For example, it can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key enzyme that regulates energy metabolism, which may contribute to its potential benefits in treating diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
4. Inhibition of inflammatory mediators: Berberine alkaloids can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are involved in the development of various inflammatory diseases.
5. Antioxidant activity: Berberine alkaloids have antioxidant properties, which can help protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). This may contribute to their potential benefits in treating neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.
In summary, berberine alkaloids exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory effects. These properties make them promising candidates for the development of new therapeutic agents to treat various diseases, such as infections, inflammation, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. However, further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and potential side effects before they can be safely and effectively used in clinical settings.
Antineoplastic agents are a class of drugs used to treat malignant neoplasms or cancer. These agents work by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, either by killing them or preventing their division and replication. Antineoplastic agents can be classified based on their mechanism of action, such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, and targeted therapy agents.
Alkylating agents work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, which can cause cross-linking of DNA strands and ultimately lead to cell death. Antimetabolites interfere with the metabolic processes necessary for DNA synthesis and replication, while topoisomerase inhibitors prevent the relaxation of supercoiled DNA during replication. Mitotic inhibitors disrupt the normal functioning of the mitotic spindle, which is essential for cell division. Targeted therapy agents are designed to target specific molecular abnormalities in cancer cells, such as mutated oncogenes or dysregulated signaling pathways.
It's important to note that antineoplastic agents can also affect normal cells and tissues, leading to various side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and myelosuppression (suppression of bone marrow function). Therefore, the use of these drugs requires careful monitoring and management of their potential adverse effects.
Daunorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and breast cancer. It works by intercalating with DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II, which results in DNA damage and ultimately cell death.
The drug is administered intravenously and may cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, mouth sores, and damage to the heart muscle (cardiotoxicity) with long-term use. Regular monitoring of cardiac function is recommended during treatment with daunorubicin.
It's important to note that this medication should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional, as it can have serious and potentially life-threatening consequences if not used correctly.
Drug screening assays for antitumor agents are laboratory tests used to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of potential drugs or compounds that can inhibit the growth of tumor cells or induce their death. These assays are typically performed in vitro (in a test tube or petri dish) using cell cultures of various types of cancer cells.
The assays measure different parameters such as cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and cytotoxicity to determine the ability of the drug to kill or inhibit the growth of tumor cells. The results of these assays can help researchers identify promising antitumor agents that can be further developed for clinical use in cancer treatment.
There are different types of drug screening assays for antitumor agents, including high-throughput screening (HTS) assays, which allow for the rapid and automated testing of a large number of compounds against various cancer cell lines. Other types of assays include phenotypic screening assays, target-based screening assays, and functional screening assays, each with its own advantages and limitations.
Overall, drug screening assays for antitumor agents play a critical role in the development of new cancer therapies by providing valuable information on the activity and safety of potential drugs, helping to identify effective treatments and reduce the time and cost associated with bringing new drugs to market.
Doxorubicin is a type of chemotherapy medication known as an anthracycline. It works by interfering with the DNA in cancer cells, which prevents them from growing and multiplying. Doxorubicin is used to treat a wide variety of cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and many others. It may be given alone or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs.
Doxorubicin is usually administered through a vein (intravenously) and can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, mouth sores, and increased risk of infection. It can also cause damage to the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure in some cases. For this reason, doctors may monitor patients' heart function closely while they are receiving doxorubicin treatment.
It is important for patients to discuss the potential risks and benefits of doxorubicin therapy with their healthcare provider before starting treatment.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sarcoma 180" is not a recognized medical term or an official classification of sarcomas in humans. It appears to be a term used primarily in research involving mice. Sarcoma 180 is a transplantable tumor that was first isolated from a mouse and has been used as a model for cancer research, particularly in studies involving immunotherapy and cancer treatment.
In general, sarcomas are cancers that develop from connective tissues such as bones, muscles, tendons, cartilages, nerves, and blood vessels. They can be further classified into various subtypes based on the specific type of tissue they originate from and their genetic characteristics. If you have any concerns about a specific medical condition or term, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional for accurate information.
"Multiple drug resistance" (MDR) is a term used in medicine to describe the condition where a patient's infection becomes resistant to multiple antimicrobial drugs. This means that the bacteria, virus, fungus or parasite that is causing the infection has developed the ability to survive and multiply despite being exposed to medications that were originally designed to kill or inhibit its growth.
In particular, MDR occurs when an organism becomes resistant to at least one drug in three or more antimicrobial categories. This can happen due to genetic changes in the microorganism that allow it to survive in the presence of these drugs. The development of MDR is a significant concern for public health because it limits treatment options and can make infections harder, if not impossible, to treat.
MDR can develop through several mechanisms, including mutations in the genes that encode drug targets or enzymes involved in drug metabolism, as well as the acquisition of genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons that carry resistance genes. The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial drugs are major drivers of MDR, as they create selective pressure for the emergence and spread of resistant strains.
MDR infections can occur in various settings, including hospitals, long-term care facilities, and communities. They can affect people of all ages and backgrounds, although certain populations may be at higher risk, such as those with weakened immune systems or chronic medical conditions. Preventing the spread of MDR requires a multifaceted approach that includes surveillance, infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, and research into new therapies and diagnostics.
Amaryllidaceae alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring chemical compounds that are found in plants belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family, which includes amaryllis, snowdrop, and daffodil species. These alkaloids have diverse pharmacological activities and have been studied for their potential medicinal properties. Some well-known Amaryllidaceae alkaloids include lycorine, galanthamine, and haemantamine.
Lycorine has been shown to have antiviral, antimalarial, and anti-cancer properties. Galanthamine is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that has been used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Haemantamine has been studied for its potential as an anti-arrhythmic agent.
It is important to note that while Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have shown promise in preclinical studies, further research is needed to determine their safety and efficacy in humans before they can be approved for medical use. Additionally, some of these alkaloids can be toxic in high concentrations, so it is important to exercise caution when handling or consuming plants that contain them.
Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker medication that is primarily used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), and certain types of cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heart rhyats). It works by relaxing the smooth muscle cells in the walls of blood vessels, which causes them to dilate or widen, reducing the resistance to blood flow and thereby lowering blood pressure. Verapamil also slows down the conduction of electrical signals within the heart, which can help to regulate the heart rate and rhythm.
In addition to its cardiovascular effects, verapamil is sometimes used off-label for the treatment of other conditions such as migraine headaches, Raynaud's phenomenon, and certain types of tremors. It is available in various forms, including immediate-release tablets, extended-release capsules, and intravenous (IV) injection.
It is important to note that verapamil can interact with other medications, so it is essential to inform your healthcare provider about all the drugs you are taking before starting this medication. Additionally, verapamil should be used with caution in people with certain medical conditions, such as heart failure, liver disease, and low blood pressure.
Mitosis is a type of cell division in which the genetic material of a single cell, called the mother cell, is equally distributed into two identical daughter cells. It's a fundamental process that occurs in multicellular organisms for growth, maintenance, and repair, as well as in unicellular organisms for reproduction.
The process of mitosis can be broken down into several stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane is completely disassembled, and the mitotic spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes at their centromeres.
During metaphase, the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, an imaginary line equidistant from the two spindle poles. In anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move toward opposite poles of the cell. Finally, in telophase, new nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes decondense and become less visible.
Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis, a process that divides the cytoplasm of the mother cell into two separate daughter cells. The result of mitosis and cytokinesis is two genetically identical cells, each with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original parent cell.
Drug resistance in neoplasms (also known as cancer drug resistance) refers to the ability of cancer cells to withstand the effects of chemotherapeutic agents or medications designed to kill or inhibit the growth of cancer cells. This can occur due to various mechanisms, including changes in the cancer cell's genetic makeup, alterations in drug targets, increased activity of drug efflux pumps, and activation of survival pathways.
Drug resistance can be intrinsic (present at the beginning of treatment) or acquired (developed during the course of treatment). It is a significant challenge in cancer therapy as it often leads to reduced treatment effectiveness, disease progression, and poor patient outcomes. Strategies to overcome drug resistance include the use of combination therapies, development of new drugs that target different mechanisms, and personalized medicine approaches that consider individual patient and tumor characteristics.
'Catharanthus' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae family, commonly known as the dogbane family. The most well-known species is Catharanthus roseus, also known as Madagascar periwinkle or rosy periwinkle. This plant contains alkaloids that have been used in the production of drugs for cancer treatment. Vincristine and vinblastine are two such alkaloids derived from C. roseus, which have shown significant anti-cancer properties and are used to treat various types of cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma.
It is important to note that the use of Catharanthus or its derivatives should be under medical supervision due to their potent biological activities and potential side effects.
Molecular structure, in the context of biochemistry and molecular biology, refers to the arrangement and organization of atoms and chemical bonds within a molecule. It describes the three-dimensional layout of the constituent elements, including their spatial relationships, bond lengths, and angles. Understanding molecular structure is crucial for elucidating the functions and reactivities of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Various experimental techniques, like X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), are employed to determine molecular structures at atomic resolution, providing valuable insights into their biological roles and potential therapeutic targets.
Aconitum, also known as monkshood or wolf's bane, is a genus of extremely poisonous plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. These plants are native to the mountainous regions of the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Asia. The name Aconitum comes from the Greek word "akonitos," which is believed to be derived from "akone," meaning "dart" or "pointed stake," referring to the shape of the plant's roots and its use as a poison on weapons.
The plants contain various alkaloids, primarily aconitine, which is responsible for their toxicity. All parts of the plant are considered poisonous, but the roots and seeds contain the highest concentration of aconitine. Ingesting or touching any part of the Aconitum plant can cause severe symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heart problems, paralysis, and even death if not treated promptly.
In traditional medicine, some species of Aconitum have been used in small, controlled doses to treat various ailments, such as pain, inflammation, and heart conditions. However, due to the high risk of toxicity, these uses are generally discouraged in modern medicine, and safer alternatives are recommended.
Anthracyclines are a class of chemotherapeutic agents that are derived from the bacterium Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. These drugs include daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, and idarubicin. They work by intercalating into DNA and inhibiting the enzyme topoisomerase II, which leads to DNA damage and ultimately cell death. Anthracyclines are used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer, and sarcomas. However, they can also cause cardiotoxicity, which limits their long-term use.
Vinca alkaloid
Alkaloid
Vinorelbine
VAMP regimen
Chemotherapy
Vinca
Linezolid
Bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) chloride
Laboratoires Pierre Fabre
Madagascar
Medicinal plants
Ototoxicity
Catharanthus
Catharanthus roseus
Tubulin
Vincristine
Vinca minor
Mitotic inhibitor
Rescinnamine
Rhizoxin
Vineridine
Vincaminol
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
Keller's reagent
Vindesine
Folate targeting
Conofoline
Vinervine
Vinburnine
Plant sources of anti-cancer agents
Vinca alkaloid - Wikipedia
Mitomycin vs Antineoplastic Agents (Vinca Alkaloids) drug - drug interaction
Pharmacology Lec 49 Topic 40 C Anti neoplastic agents -Vinca alkaloids
Chemotherapy - wikidoc
Follicular Lymphoma: Practice Essentials, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
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Cancers | Free Full-Text | Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Insights into Therapeutic Targets for...
Bladder Cancer Medication: Antineoplastics, Antimetabolite, Antineoplastics, Vinca Alkaloid, Antineoplastics, Anthracycline,...
Vinorelbine (VIN) is certainly a semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid and is one - AMP-activated protein kinase, stress responses and...
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Alkaloids: Nature's Chemical Wonders
がん情報サイト | がん情報各論:[医療専門家向け]Cancer Pain
Vinblastine7
- The Madagascan periwinkle Catharanthus roseus L. is the source for a number of important natural products, including catharanthine and vindoline and the vinca alkaloids it produces from them: leurosine and the chemotherapy agents vinblastine and vincristine, all of which can be obtained from the plant. (wikipedia.org)
- Vinblastine belongs to a group of drugs called vinca alkaloids which work by slowing the growth and replication of cancer cells. (rxwiki.com)
- A vinca alkaloid with a cytotoxic effect (as a result of causing mitotic arrest), vinblastine binds to a specific site on tubulin, prevents polymerization of tubulin dimers, and inhibits microtubule formation. (medscape.com)
- Vinca alkaloids, such as vinblastine and vincristine, have also been shown to have antifungal activity. (selfgrowth.com)
- Leaves and stems yield dimeric alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. (stuartxchange.org)
- The Vinca alkaloid catharanthine 33 can be coupled with vindoline to give vinblastine, a clinically-important anti-cancer agent. (organic-chemistry.org)
- Descrizione Vinblastine is a vinca alkaloid approved for the treatment of various types cancer, including neuroblastoma, breast, and testicular cancer. (polito.it)
Vincristine1
- Vincristine sulphate belongs to a group of medications known as vinca alkaloids and is obtained from the plant Vinca rosea Linn. (vin.com)
Vinorelbine2
- Vinorelbine (VIN) is certainly a semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid and is one of the most active brokers for the treatment of solid tumors. (ampkpathway.com)
- Vinorelbine is in a class of medications called vinca alkaloids. (medlineplus.gov)
Chemotherapy3
- Vinca alkaloids are used in chemotherapy for cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Based upon application, chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy treatment market is classified into Platinum Agents, Taxanes, Vinca Alkaloids, and Others. (medgadget.com)
- Chemotherapy drugs called vinca alkaloids also cause constipation. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Antimitotic Agent1
- It is a type of vinca alkaloid and a type of antimitotic agent. (news-medical.net)
Taxanes1
- The vinca alkaloids thus prevent microtubule polymerization, as opposed to the mechanism of action of taxanes. (wikipedia.org)
Rosea2
- Vinca alkaloids are a set of anti-mitotic and anti-microtubule alkaloid agents originally derived from the periwinkle plant Catharanthus roseus (basionym Vinca rosea) and other vinca plants. (wikipedia.org)
- It was formerly in the genus Vinca as Vinca rosea. (stuartxchange.org)
Indole alkaloids1
- Plant yields more than 100 monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in different organs. (stuartxchange.org)
Microtubule1
- Vinca alkaloids act on the G and S phases of mitosis, inhibiting microtubule formation and inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis. (medscape.com)
Dapsone1
- Other therapies include azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, dapsone and vinca alkaloids. (mja.com.au)
Compounds3
- In the realm of organic chemistry, one class of compounds has captured the scientific community's attention for decades - alkaloids. (selfgrowth.com)
- Alkaloids represent a large and diverse group of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring. (selfgrowth.com)
- Alkaloids are a fascinating group of naturally occurring chemical compounds found in various plants, fungi, and some animals. (selfgrowth.com)
Synthesis2
- As a result, alkaloids find applications in various industries, including medicine, agriculture, and even the synthesis of fine chemicals. (selfgrowth.com)
- Quinine, an alkaloid found in the bark of the cinchona tree, has been traditionally used as a natural remedy for malaria by interfering with the parasite's protein synthesis. (selfgrowth.com)
Periwinkle1
- The popular periwinkle plant, which grows along the ground of many front yards, is the source of vinca alkaloids that are effective, for example, against malignant lymphomas. (sciencedaily.com)
Mitosis1
- Vinca alkaloids act as antimicrotubule agents that block mitosis by arresting cells in the metaphase. (vin.com)
Agents2
- These drugs are made up of various chemicals such as platinum agents, opioids, alkaloids and others. (medgadget.com)
- Antitubulin Agents: Colchicine, Vinca Alkaloids, and Podophyllin. (iu.edu)
Yield1
- Breeding techniques have produced more than 100 varieties, with improved floral traits, increase tolerance to disease and alkaloid yield. (stuartxchange.org)
Drugs1
- Vinca alkaloids are now produced synthetically and used as drugs in cancer therapy and as immunosuppressive drugs. (wikipedia.org)
Synthetically1
- Isoquinoline alkaloids - Isoquinoline alkaloids 1-Benzyl isoquinoline type: Papaverine: An opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somniferum and produced synthetically. (powershow.com)
Include1
- Additional researched vinca alkaloids include vincaminol, vineridine, and vinburnine. (wikipedia.org)
Plant1
- Plant yields an amorphous alkaloid, vincarosin. (stuartxchange.org)
Treatment3
- Artemisinin, an alkaloid extracted from Artemisia annua, revolutionized malaria treatment. (selfgrowth.com)
- Alkaloids have demonstrated considerable potential in combatting various fungal pathogens, providing alternative treatment options for these debilitating infections. (selfgrowth.com)
- Vinca alkaloid, used in the treatment of several types of cancer. (e-lactancia.org)
Properties1
- Alkaloids such as morphine and codeine have been widely used as painkillers due to their powerful analgesic properties. (selfgrowth.com)
Derived from the periwinkle plant1
- Vinca alkaloid derived from the periwinkle plant. (medscape.com)
Cytotoxic4
- Despite their cytotoxic activity against cancer cells, the vinca alkaloids have rarely been implicated in causing clinically apparent acute liver injury. (nih.gov)
- 8. Cytotoxic aspidosperma-type alkaloids from Melodinus suaveolens. (nih.gov)
- 10. Cytotoxic eburnamine-aspidospermine type bisindole alkaloids from Bousigonia mekongensis. (nih.gov)
- 13. Melotenine A, a cytotoxic monoterpenoid indole alkaloid from Melodinus tenuicaudatus. (nih.gov)
Microtubules1
- Vinca alkaloids interfere with microtubules (cell structures that help move chromosomes during mitosis). (gardenguides.com)
Microtubule formation2
- Vinca alkaloids inhibit microtubule formation, which in turn disrupts the formation of mitotic spindle, causing cell proliferation to arrest at metaphase. (medscape.com)
- Vinca alkaloids act on the M and S phases of mitosis, inhibiting microtubule formation and inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis. (medscape.com)
Anthracyclines1
- By contrast, vinca alkaloids, gemcitabine, capecitabine, liposomal anthracyclines and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel were approved as third-line or later treatment of metastatic breast cancer ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Tabernaemontana1
- Normacusine B, a monomeric alkaloid of the corynanthe class, also found in Rauvolfia, Tabernaemontana and Vinca spp. (pfaf.org)
Veratrum3
- Alkaloids of Veratrum album subsp. (cas.cz)
- Veratrum nigrum kan de eerste jaren wat problemen hebben met aanslaan en het duurt vaak een jaar of zeven voordat Veratrum nigrum gaat bloeien. (google.com)
- Veratrum species contain highly toxic steroidal alkaloids (e.g. veratridine) that activate sodium ion channels and cause rapid cardiac failure and death if ingested. (google.com)
Minor3
Plant1
- In the winter months, the plant degrades and metabolizes most of its toxic alkaloids. (google.com)
Synthetic1
- Vinflunine is also a new synthetic vinca alkaloid, which has been approved in Europe for the treatment of second-line transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium is being developed for other malignancies. (nih.gov)
Cell division1
- Like all of the vinca alkaloids, this drug also affects cell division in normal cells, explaining many of the side effects seen. (cancerquest.org)
Effect1
- Effect of Vinca Alkaloids on the Expression Levels of microRNAs Targeting Apoptosis-related Genes in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. (nih.gov)
Cancer3
- Vinca alkaloids are now produced synthetically and used as drugs in cancer therapy and as immunosuppressive drugs. (wikipedia.org)
- The vinca alkaloids are also important for being cancer fighters. (nih.gov)
- Vinca alkaloids as a potential cancer therapeutics: recent update and future challenges. (nih.gov)
Plants1
- A group of indole-indoline dimers which are ALKALOIDS obtained from the VINCA genus of plants. (nih.gov)
Activity1
- The Biological Activity of the Novel Vinca Alkaloids 4-chlorochablastine and 4-chlorochacristine. (nih.gov)