AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Vibrio choleraeVibrioVibrio cholerae O1CholeraVibrio cholerae O139Vibrio cholerae non-O1Vibrio InfectionsCholera ToxinVibrio parahaemolyticusVibrio vulnificusCholera VaccinesBacterial ProteinsWater MicrobiologyGene Expression Regulation, BacterialVibrio mimicusVirulenceBangladeshVibrio alginolyticusDNA, BacterialGenes, BacterialFimbriae ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataO AntigensHemolysin ProteinsBacteriophagesShellfishEnterotoxinsDisease OutbreaksOstreidaeQuorum SensingHemagglutininsVirulence FactorsDiarrheaBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsSerotypingBiofilmsSeawaterFimbriae, BacterialBacterial Typing TechniquesEnvironmental MicrobiologyAntibodies, BacterialInoviridaeInovirusAmino Acid SequenceRibotypingChromosomes, BacterialRabbitsFecesHaitiBase SequenceEscherichia coliIndiaAnimals, SucklingFlagellaBacterial ToxinsSequence Analysis, DNACulture MediaIntestinesAliivibrio fischeriChitinAgglutination TestsIleumPlanktonFresh WaterZooplanktonMutationPolymerase Chain ReactionProphagesCytotoxinsGenome, BacterialPlasmidsBacterial AdhesionSpecies SpecificityAntigens, BacterialCloning, MolecularRNA, BacterialEscherichia coli ProteinsAntitoxinsSerologyLysogeny
Vibrio cholerae
The etiologic agent of CHOLERA.
Vibrio
A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.
Vibrio cholerae O1
Strains of VIBRIO CHOLERAE containing O ANTIGENS group 1. All are CHOLERA-causing strains (serotypes). There are two biovars (biotypes): cholerae and eltor (El Tor).
Cholera
An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.
Vibrio cholerae O139
Strains of VIBRIO CHOLERAE containing O ANTIGENS group 139. This strain emerged in India in 1992 and caused a CHOLERA epidemic.
Vibrio cholerae non-O1
A strain of the VIBRIO CHOLERAE bacteria belonging to serogroup non-O1, infecting humans and other PRIMATES. It is related to VIBRIO CHOLERAE O1, but causes a disease less severe than CHOLERA. Eating raw shellfish contaminated with the bacteria results in GASTROENTERITIS.
Vibrio Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus VIBRIO.
Cholera Toxin
An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
A species of bacteria found in the marine environment, sea foods, and the feces of patients with acute enteritis.
Vibrio vulnificus
A species of halophilic bacteria in the genus VIBRIO, which lives in warm SEAWATER. It can cause infections in those who eat raw contaminated seafood or have open wounds exposed to seawater.
Cholera Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Water Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.
Vibrio mimicus
A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus VIBRIO, isolated from SHELLFISH, as well as from human diarrheal stools and ear infections.
Virulence
The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.
Bangladesh
Vibrio alginolyticus
A species of gram-negative, halophilic bacteria, in the genus VIBRIO. It is considered part of normal marine flora and commonly associated with ear infections and superficial wounds exposed to contaminated water sources.
DNA, Bacterial
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
Genes, Bacterial
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Fimbriae Proteins
Proteins that are structural components of bacterial fimbriae (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) or sex pili (PILI, SEX).
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
O Antigens
The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Hemolysin Proteins
Proteins from BACTERIA and FUNGI that are soluble enough to be secreted to target ERYTHROCYTES and insert into the membrane to form beta-barrel pores. Biosynthesis may be regulated by HEMOLYSIN FACTORS.
Bacteriophages
Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells.
Shellfish
Aquatic invertebrates belonging to the phylum MOLLUSCA or the subphylum CRUSTACEA, and used as food.
Enterotoxins
Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.
Disease Outbreaks
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
Ostreidae
A family of marine mollusks in the class BIVALVIA, commonly known as oysters. They have a rough irregular shell closed by a single adductor muscle.
Quorum Sensing
A phenomenon where microorganisms communicate and coordinate their behavior by the accumulation of signaling molecules. A reaction occurs when a substance accumulates to a sufficient concentration. This is most commonly seen in bacteria.
Hemagglutinins
Agents that cause agglutination of red blood cells. They include antibodies, blood group antigens, lectins, autoimmune factors, bacterial, viral, or parasitic blood agglutinins, etc.
Virulence Factors
Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
Serotyping
Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.
Biofilms
Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.
Seawater
The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.
Fimbriae, Bacterial
Thin, hairlike appendages, 1 to 20 microns in length and often occurring in large numbers, present on the cells of gram-negative bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria. Unlike flagella, they do not possess motility, but being protein (pilin) in nature, they possess antigenic and hemagglutinating properties. They are of medical importance because some fimbriae mediate the attachment of bacteria to cells via adhesins (ADHESINS, BACTERIAL). Bacterial fimbriae refer to common pili, to be distinguished from the preferred use of "pili", which is confined to sex pili (PILI, SEX).
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.
Environmental Microbiology
The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.
Antibodies, Bacterial
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.
Inoviridae
A family of rod-shaped or filamentous bacteriophages consisting of single-stranded DNA. There are two genera: INOVIRUS and PLECTROVIRUS.
Inovirus
A genus of filamentous bacteriophages of the family INOVIRIDAE. Organisms of this genus infect enterobacteria, PSEUDOMONAS; VIBRIO; and XANTHOMONAS.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Ribotyping
RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM analysis of rRNA genes that is used for differentiating between species or strains.
Chromosomes, Bacterial
Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Feces
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Haiti
A republic in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies. Its capital is Port-au-Prince. With the Dominican Republic it forms the island of Hispaniola - Haiti occupying the western third and the Dominican Republic, the eastern two thirds. Haiti belonged to France from 1697 until its rule was challenged by slave insurrections from 1791. It became a republic in 1820. It was virtually an American protectorate from 1915 to 1934. It adopted its present constitution in 1964 and amended it in 1971. The name may represent either of two Caribbean words, haiti, mountain land, or jhaiti, nest. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p481 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p225)
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
India
Animals, Suckling
Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed.
Flagella
A whiplike motility appendage present on the surface cells. Prokaryote flagella are composed of a protein called FLAGELLIN. Bacteria can have a single flagellum, a tuft at one pole, or multiple flagella covering the entire surface. In eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Bacterial Toxins
Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.
Sequence Analysis, DNA
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Intestines
The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.
Aliivibrio fischeri
A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ALIIVIBRIO, which exhibits LUMINESCENCE. A. fischeri is found in a symbiotic relationship with the SQUID Euprymna scolopes.
Chitin
A linear polysaccharide of beta-1->4 linked units of ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE. It is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth, found especially in INSECTS and FUNGI. When deacetylated it is called CHITOSAN.
Agglutination Tests
Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Ileum
The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.
Plankton
Community of tiny aquatic PLANTS and ANIMALS, and photosynthetic BACTERIA, that are either free-floating or suspended in the water, with little or no power of locomotion. They are divided into PHYTOPLANKTON and ZOOPLANKTON.
Fresh Water
Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.
Zooplankton
Minute free-floating animal organisms which live in practically all natural waters.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Prophages
Genomes of temperate BACTERIOPHAGES integrated into the DNA of their bacterial host cell. The prophages can be duplicated for many cell generations until some stimulus induces its activation and virulence.
Cytotoxins
Substances that are toxic to cells; they may be involved in immunity or may be contained in venoms. These are distinguished from CYTOSTATIC AGENTS in degree of effect. Some of them are used as CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS. The mechanism of action of many of these are as ALKYLATING AGENTS or MITOSIS MODULATORS.
Genome, Bacterial
The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Bacterial Adhesion
Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Antigens, Bacterial
Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.
Cloning, Molecular
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
RNA, Bacterial
Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Escherichia coli Proteins
Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.
Antitoxins
Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific BACTERIAL TOXINS.
Serology
The study of serum, especially of antigen-antibody reactions in vitro.
Lysogeny
The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium.

Cloning and characterisation of a novel ompB operon from Vibrio cholerae 569B. (1/2229)

The ompB operon of Vibrio cholerae 569B has been cloned and fully sequenced. The operon encodes two proteins, OmpR and EnvZ, which share sequence identity with the OmpR and EnvZ proteins of a variety of other bacteria. Although the order of the ompR and envZ genes of V. cholerae is similar to that of the ompB operon of E. coli, S. typhimurium and X. nematophilus, the Vibrio operon exhibits a number of novel features. The structural organisation and features of the V. cholerae ompB operon are described.  (+info)

Role of DnaK in in vitro and in vivo expression of virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae. (2/2229)

The dnaK gene of Vibrio cholerae was cloned, sequenced, and used to construct a dnaK insertion mutant which was then used to examine the role of DnaK in expression of the major virulence factors of this important human pathogen. The central regulator of several virulence genes of V. cholerae is ToxR, a transmembrane DNA binding protein. The V. cholerae dnaK mutant grown in standard laboratory medium exhibited phenotypes characteristic of cells deficient in ToxR activity. Using Northern blot analysis and toxR transcriptional fusions, we demonstrated a reduction in expression of the toxR gene in the dnaK mutant strain together with a concomitant increase in expression of a htpG-like heat shock gene that is located immediately upstream and is divergently transcribed from toxR. This may be due to increased heat shock induction in the dnaK mutant. In vivo, however, although expression from heat shock promoters in the dnaK mutant was similar to that observed in vitro, expression of both toxR and htpG was comparable to that by the parental strain. In both strains, in vivo expression of toxR was significantly higher than that observed in vitro, but no reciprocal decrease in htpG expression was observed. These results suggest that the modulation of toxR expression in vivo may be different from that observed in vitro.  (+info)

Evolutionary relationships of pathogenic clones of Vibrio cholerae by sequence analysis of four housekeeping genes. (3/2229)

Studies of the Vibrio cholerae population, using molecular typing techniques, have shown the existence of several pathogenic clones, mainly sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones. However, the relationship of the pathogenic clones to environmental V. cholerae isolates remains unclear. A previous study to determine the phylogeny of V. cholerae by sequencing the asd (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene of V. cholerae showed that the sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones had very different asd sequences which fell into separate lineages in the V. cholerae population. As gene trees drawn from a single gene may not reflect the true topology of the population, we sequenced the mdh (malate dehydrogenase) and hlyA (hemolysin A) genes from representatives of environmental and clinical isolates of V. cholerae and found that the mdh and hlyA sequences from the three pathogenic clones were identical, except for the previously reported 11-bp deletion in hlyA in the sixth-pandemic clone. Identical sequences were obtained, despite average nucleotide differences in the mdh and hlyA genes of 1.52 and 3.25%, respectively, among all the isolates, suggesting that the three pathogenic clones are closely related. To extend these observations, segments of the recA and dnaE genes were sequenced from a selection of the pathogenic isolates, where the sequences were either identical or substantially different between the clones. The results show that the three pathogenic clones are very closely related and that there has been a high level of recombination in their evolution.  (+info)

Genetic characterization of a new type IV-A pilus gene cluster found in both classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae. (4/2229)

The Vibrio cholerae genome contains a 5.4-kb pil gene cluster that resembles the Aeromonas hydrophila tap gene cluster and other type IV-A pilus assembly operons. The region consists of five complete open reading frames designated pilABCD and yacE, based on the nomenclature of related genes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli K-12. This cluster is present in both classical and El Tor biotypes, and the pilA and pilD genes are 100% conserved. The pilA gene encodes a putative type IV pilus subunit. However, deletion of pilA had no effect on either colonization of infant mice or adherence to HEp-2 cells, demonstrating that pilA does not encode the primary subunit of a pilus essential for these processes. The pilD gene product is similar to other type IV prepilin peptidases, proteins that process type IV signal sequences. Mutational analysis of the pilD gene showed that pilD is essential for secretion of cholera toxin and hemagglutinin-protease, mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (MSHA), production of toxin-coregulated pili, and colonization of infant mice. Defects in these functions are likely due to the lack of processing of N termini of four Eps secretion proteins, four proteins of the MSHA cluster, and TcpB, all of which contain type IV-A leader sequences. Some pilD mutants also showed reduced adherence to HEp-2 cells, but this defect could not be complemented in trans, indicating that the defect may not be directly due to a loss of pilD. Taken together, these data demonstrate the effectiveness of the V. cholerae genome project for rapid identification and characterization of potential virulence factors.  (+info)

Lipolytic action of cholera toxin on fat cells. Re-examination of the concept implicating GM1 ganglioside as the native membrane receptor. (5/2229)

The possible role of galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide (GM1) ganglioside in the lipolytic activity of cholera toxin on isolated fat cells has been examined. Analyses of the ganglioside content and composition of intact fat cells, their membranous ghosts, and the total particulate fraction of these cells indicate that N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide (GM3) represents the major ganglioside, with substantial amounts of N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide (GM2) and smaller amounts of other higher homologues also present. Native GM1 was not detected in any of these preparations. Examination of the relative capacities of various exogenously added radiolabeled sphingolipids to bind to the cells indicated that GM2 and glucosylsphingosine were accumulated by the cells to extents comparable to GM1. Galactosylsphingosine and sulfatide also exhibited significant, although lesser, binding affinities for the cells. The adipocytes appeared to nonspecifically bind exogenously added GM1; saturation of binding sites for GM1 could not be observed up to the highest concentration tested (2 X 10(-4) M), wherein about 7 X 10(9) molecules were associated with the cells. Essentially all of this exogenously added GM1 was found bound to the plasma membrane "ghost" fraction. Investigation of the biological responses of the cells confirmed their sensitivities to both cholera toxin and epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis, as well as the lag period displayed during the toxin's action. While we could confirm that the toxin's lipolytic activity can be enhanced by prior treatment of the fat cells with GM1, several of the observed characteristics of this phenomenon differ from earlier reported findings. Accordingly, added GM1 was able to enhance only the subsequent rate, but not the extent, of toxin-stimulated glycerol release (lipolysis) from the cells. We also were unable to confirm the ability of GM1 to enhance the toxin's activity at either saturating or at low toxin concentrations. The limited ability of added GM1 to enhance the toxin's activity appeared in a unique bell-shaped dose-response manner. The inability of high levels of GM1 to stimulate a dose of toxin that was ineffective on native cells suggests that the earlier reported ability of crude brain gangliosides to accomplish this was due to some component other than GM1 in the crude extract. While several glycosphingolipids and some other carbohydrate-containing substances that were tested lacked the ability to mimic the enhancing effect of GM1, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside exhibited an effect similar to, although less pronounced than, that of GM1. The findings in these studies are unable to lend support to the earlier hypothesis that (a) GM1 is cholera toxin's naturally occurring membrane receptor on native fat cells, and (b) the ability of exogenously added GM1 to enhance the toxin's lipolytic activity represents the specific creation of additional natural receptors on adipocytes...  (+info)

Ribotypes of clinical Vibrio cholerae non-O1 non-O139 strains in relation to O-serotypes. (6/2229)

The emergence of Vibrio cholerae O139 in 1992 and reports of an increasing number of other non-O1 serogroups being associated with diarrhoea, stimulated us to characterize V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 strains received at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan for serotyping. Ribotyping with the restriction enzyme BglI of 103 epidemiological unrelated mainly clinical strains representing 10 O-serotypes yielded 67 different typing patterns. Ribotype similarity within each serotype was compared by using the Dice coefficient (Sd) and different levels of homogeneity were observed (serotypes O5, O41 and O17, Sd between 82 and 90%: serotypes O13 and O141 Sd of 72; and O2, O6, O7, O11, O24 Sd of 62-66%). By cluster analysis, the strains were divided into several clusters of low similarity suggesting a high level of genetic diversity. A low degree of similarity between serotypes and ribotypes was found as strains within a specific serotypes often did not cluster but clustered with strains from other serotypes. However, epidemiological unrelated O5 strains showed identical or closely related ribotypes suggesting that these strains have undergone few genetic changes and may correspond to a clonal line. Surprisingly, 10 of 16 O141 strains studied contained a cholera toxin (CT) gene, including 7 strains recovered from stool and water samples in the United States. This is to our knowledge the first report of CT-positive clinical O141 strains. The closely related ribotypes shown by eight CT-positive strains is disturbing and suggest that these strains may be of a clonal origin and have the potential to cause cholera-like disease. Despite the low degree of correlation found between ribotypes and serotypes, both methods appears to be valuable techniques in studying the epidemiology of emerging serotypes of V. cholerae.  (+info)

Antibiotic resistance conferred by a conjugative plasmid and a class I integron in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated in Albania and Italy. (7/2229)

Multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated during the 1994 outbreak of cholera in Albania and Italy were characterized for the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance. All strains were found to be resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, spectinomycin, trimethoprim, sulfathiazole, and the vibriostatic compound O/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylteridine). Resistance genes were self-transferable by a conjugative plasmid of about 60 MDa, with the exception of spectinomycin resistance, which was conferred by the aadA1 gene cassette located in the bacterial chromosome within a class 1 integron. The resistance to trimethoprim and O/129 was conferred by the dfrA1 gene, which was present on the plasmid. Although the dfrA1 gene is known to be borne on an integron cassette, class 1, 2, or 3 intI genes were not detected as part of the plasmid DNA from the strains studied.  (+info)

Environmental signals modulate ToxT-dependent virulence factor expression in Vibrio cholerae. (8/2229)

The regulatory protein ToxT directly activates the transcription of virulence factors in Vibrio cholerae, including cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). Specific environmental signals stimulate virulence factor expression by inducing the transcription of toxT. We demonstrate that transcriptional activation by the ToxT protein is also modulated by environmental signals. ToxT expressed from an inducible promoter activated high-level expression of CT and TCP in V. cholerae at 30 degrees C, but expression of CT and TCP was significantly decreased or abolished by the addition of 0.4% bile to the medium and/or an increase of the temperature to 37 degrees C. Also, expression of six ToxT-dependent TnphoA fusions was modulated by temperature and bile. Measurement of ToxT-dependent transcription of genes encoding CT and TCP by ctxAp- and tcpAp-luciferase fusions confirmed that negative regulation by 37 degrees C or bile occurs at the transcriptional level in V. cholerae. Interestingly, ToxT-dependent transcription of these same promoters in Salmonella typhimurium was relatively insensitive to regulation by temperature or bile. These data are consistent with ToxT transcriptional activity being modulated by environmental signals in V. cholerae and demonstrate an additional level of complexity governing the expression of virulence factors in this pathogen. We propose that negative regulation of ToxT-dependent transcription by environmental signals prevents the incorrect temporal and spatial expression of virulence factors during cholera pathogenesis.  (+info)

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Detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in freshwater lakes of the former Soviet Republic of Georgia | UMIACSDetection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in freshwater lakes of the former Soviet Republic of Georgia | UMIACS
Three freshwater lakes, Lisi Lake, Kumisi Lake and Tbilisi Sea, near Tbilisi, Georgia, were studied from January 2006 to December 2007 to determine the presence of Vibrio cholerae employing both bacteriological culture method and direct detection methods, namely PCR and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA). For PCR, DNA extracted from water samples was tested for presence of V. cholerae and genes coding for selected virulence factors. Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 was routinely isolated by culture from all three lakes; whereas V. cholerae O1 and O139 were not. Water samples collected during the summer months from Lisi Lake and Kumisi Lake were positive for both V. cholerae and V. cholerae ctxA, tcpA, zot, ompU and toxR by PCR. Water samples collected during the same period from both Lisi and Kumisi Lake were also positive for V. cholerae serogroup O1 by DFA. All of the samples were negative for V. cholerae serotype O139. The results of this study provide evidence for an environmental presence of ...
http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/publications/detection-toxigenic-vibrio-cholerae-o1-freshwater-lakes-former-soviet-republic-georgia
Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis: molecular mechanisms of colonization. :: Dartmouth DissertationsVibrio cholerae pathogenesis: molecular mechanisms of colonization. :: Dartmouth Dissertations
Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes the severe diarrheal disease cholera. Several bacterial factors have been identified that are critical for V. cholerae intestinal colonization. The best characterized of these proteins is the type IV toxin coregulated pilus (TCP). The TCP structure is assembled by the products of the tcp operon genes as a polymer of repeating subunits of TcpA pilin that form long fibers which laterally associate into bundles. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to determine the molecular mechanism by which TCP mediates intestinal colonization. In vitro and in vivo analyses of the tcpA mutants reveal that a major function of TCP is to mediate bacterial interaction through direct pilus-pilus contact required for microcolony formation and productive intestinal colonization. In an effort to elucidate the functions of proteins involved in TCP biogenesis, in-frame deletions of the 10 tcp operon genes coding for putative pilus biogenesis proteins were ...
https://libarchive.dartmouth.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/dcdis/id/230079/rec/38
Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis: molecular mechanisms of colonization. :: Dartmouth DissertationsVibrio cholerae pathogenesis: molecular mechanisms of colonization. :: Dartmouth Dissertations
Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes the severe diarrheal disease cholera. Several bacterial factors have been identified that are critical for V. cholerae intestinal colonization. The best characterized of these proteins is the type IV toxin coregulated pilus (TCP). The TCP structure is assembled by the products of the tcp operon genes as a polymer of repeating subunits of TcpA pilin that form long fibers which laterally associate into bundles. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to determine the molecular mechanism by which TCP mediates intestinal colonization. In vitro and in vivo analyses of the tcpA mutants reveal that a major function of TCP is to mediate bacterial interaction through direct pilus-pilus contact required for microcolony formation and productive intestinal colonization. In an effort to elucidate the functions of proteins involved in TCP biogenesis, in-frame deletions of the 10 tcp operon genes coding for putative pilus biogenesis proteins were ...
http://libarchive.dartmouth.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/dcdis/id/230079/rec/27
Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) regulates Vibrio cholerae biofilm formationCyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) regulates Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation
While studying virulence gene regulation in Vibrio cholerae during infection of the host small intestine, we identified VieA as a two-component response regulator that contributes to activating expression of cholera toxin. Here we report that VieA represses transcription of Vibrio exopolysaccharide …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15255898/?dopt=Abstract
Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 Fatty acid metabolism regulator protein (fadR) GENTAUR-58bb44b2ecb67 | GentaursearchVibrio cholerae serotype O1 Fatty acid metabolism regulator protein (fadR) GENTAUR-58bb44b2ecb67 | Gentaursearch
Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 Fatty acid metabolism regulator protein (fadR) datasheet and description hight quality product and Backed by our Guarantee
https://gentaursearch.com/product/human/1329653/vibrio-cholerae-serotype-o1-fatty-acid-metabolism-regulator-protein-fadr.html
Use of Representational Difference Analysis To Identify Genomic Differences between Pathogenic Strains of Vibrio cholerae |...Use of Representational Difference Analysis To Identify Genomic Differences between Pathogenic Strains of Vibrio cholerae |...
Epidemic cholera is caused byVibrio cholerae serogroup O1 and a single other serogroup,V. cholerae O139, which emerged in 1992. V. cholerae O1 comprises two distinct biotypes, classical and El Tor, which differ in several biochemical traits. Data from many investigators suggests that V. cholerae O139 is likely to have derived from a V. cholerae O1 El Tor organism which underwent a recombinational event resulting in the substitution of the cluster of genes encoding the O139 serogroup antigen for the cluster of genes encoding the O1 serogroup antigen (1, 2, 4, 5,11-13). In addition to changes in the cell surface structure ofV. cholerae O139, two potentially mobile genetic elements have been found in this organism that are not present inV. cholerae O1 of the El Tor biotype. Waldor et al. (14) have described the presence in V. cholerae O139 of a conjugative transposon-like transmissible element that mediates resistance to trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and streptomycin. A κ-type vibriophage is ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/66/2/849?ijkey=804204b42a5fcd519164fb337db0642680466335&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Comparison of immune responses in patients infected with Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1. | Infection and ImmunityComparison of immune responses in patients infected with Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1. | Infection and Immunity
Vibrio cholerae O139 has recently emerged as the second etiologic agent of cholera in Asia. A study was carried out to evaluate the induction of specific immune responses to the organism in V. cholerae O139-infected patients. The immune responses to V. cholerae O139 Bengal were studied in patients by measuring antibody-secreting cells (ASC), as well as vibriocidal and antitoxic antibodies in the circulation. These responses were compared with those in patients with V. cholerae O1 disease. Strong immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM ASC responses were seen against the homologous lipopolysaccharide or serogroup of V. cholerae. The magnitude and isotype of the responses were similar in O139- and O1-infected patients. Vibriocidal antibody responses were seen against bacteria of the homologous but not heterologous serogroup, and these responses reflect the lack of cross-protection between the infections caused by the two serogroups. The two groups of patients showed comparable cholera toxin-specific ASC ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/65/9/3571
ToxR regulon of Vibrio cholerae and its expression in vibrios shed by cholera patients | PNASToxR regulon of Vibrio cholerae and its expression in vibrios shed by cholera patients | PNAS
DNA microarray technology is revolutionizing the field of bacterial pathogenesis by allowing researchers to monitor the expression of thousands of genes during the course of an in vitro or in vivo experiment. In this report, we have applied this technology to conduct a genome-wide search for V. cholerae genes belonging to the ToxR regulon, the key group of genes responsible for the virulence properties of this organism in humans. We also used microarrays to analyze the transcriptional state of vibrios shed from cholera patients.. We first compared the gene expression profiles of V. cholerae toxRS, tcpPH, and toxT mutants that were grown under in vitro conditions that are optimal for the expression of CT by El Tor O1 and O139 strains of V. cholerae. The transcriptional profile of the toxT mutant revealed the presence of few new ToxT-regulated genes. Newly identified genes include VC1091 (oligopeptide periplasmic binding protein), VC1835 (pal); VC2766 (atpA); VCA0059 (lpp); VCA0732 (conserved ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/100/5/2801?ijkey=82de198fb052b80cc027c6b39bb7bde0a7207747&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 in biofilms in the aquatic environment and their role in cholera transmission | PNASViable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 in biofilms in the aquatic environment and their role in cholera transmission | PNAS
V. cholerae and many related Gram-negative bacteria have been shown to become nonculturable under specific experimental conditions, although the time required for these cells to become nonculturable is variable (8, 9, 19-21). In this study, V. cholerae O1 cells in all microcosms became nonculturable on TCBS agar within 10-15 days, as has been reported by other investigators (19-21). V. cholerae O1 in biofilms collected from MW and in the biofilm in clinical specimens, when suspended in autoclaved MW that had tested positive for V. cholerae O1 by both culture and DFA, became nonculturable within 15 days. Conversely, MW-RT and MW-4C microcosms inoculated with freshly grown V. cholerae O1 showed culturability on TTGA and LA for 40 and 68 days, respectively. Miller et al. (22) suggested that toxigenic V. cholerae O1 could remain culturable for longer periods at a salinity of 0.25-3.0%, a pH of 8.0, and 25°C. The temperature, pH, and salinity of MW used in the studies reported here were not very ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/104/45/17801?ijkey=074de68d0966128ce7eb01a19c1848b8c243c34d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Epitope differences in toxin-coregulated pili produced by classical and El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1Epitope differences in toxin-coregulated pili produced by classical and El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1
A toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), that is important for intestinal colonization of Vibrio cholerae O1, may be produced by vibrios of both classical and EI Tor biotypes. By comparing TCP produced by various strains of the two biotypes in immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) us …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1724789/
Genomic profiles of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 in cholera-endemic areas of Bangladesh | UMIACSGenomic profiles of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 in cholera-endemic areas of Bangladesh | UMIACS
Diversity, relatedness, and ecological interactions of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 populations in two distinctive habitats, the human intestine and the aquatic environment, were analyzed. Twenty environmental isolates and 42 clinical isolates were selected for study by matching serotype, geographic location of isolation in Bangladesh, and season of isolation. Genetic profiling was done by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR, optimized for profiling by using the fully sequenced V. cholerae El Tor N16961 genome. Five significant clonal clusters of haplotypes were found from 57 electrophoretic types. Isolates from different areas or habitats intermingled in two of the five significant clusters. Frequencies of haplotypes differed significantly only between the environmental populations (exact test; P , 0.05). Analysis of molecular variance yielded a population genetic structure reflecting the differentiating effects of geographic area, habitat, and sampling time. Although a ...
http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/publications/genomic-profiles-clinical-and-environmental-isolates-vibrio-cholerae-o1-cholera-endemic
Calcium enhances bile salt-dependent virulence activation in Vibrio cholerae | Fenical, WilliamCalcium enhances bile salt-dependent virulence activation in Vibrio cholerae | Fenical, William
Vibrio cholerae is the causative bacteria of the diarrheal disease cholera, but it also persists in aquatic environments, where it displays an expression profile that is distinct from that during infection. Upon entry into the host, a tightly regulated circuit coordinates the induction of two major virulence factors: cholera toxin and a toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). It has been shown that a set of bile salts, including taurocholate, serve as host signals to activate V. cholerae virulence through inducing the activity of the transmembrane virulence regulator TcpP. In this study, we investigated the role of calcium, an abundant mental ion in the gut, in the regulation of virulence. We show that whereas Ca2+ alone does not affect virulence, Ca2+ enhances bile salt-dependent virulence activation for V. cholerae. The induction of TCP by murine intestinal contents is counteracted when Ca2+ is depleted by the high-affinity calcium chelator EGTA, suggesting that the calcium present in the gut is a ...
http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/wfenical/content/calcium-enhances-bile-salt-dependent-virulence-activation-vibrio-cholerae
The Contribution of Accessory Toxins of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor to the Proinflammatory Response in a Murine Pulmonary Cholera...The Contribution of Accessory Toxins of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor to the Proinflammatory Response in a Murine Pulmonary Cholera...
Innate immune responses to V. cholerae infection have not been intensely studied in part due to the absence of a murine model for pathogenesis. The suckling mouse model has proven useful for the study of bacterial colonization and regulation of virulence factors (37). However, these 5-6-d-old mice do not have immune systems sufficiently developed for study of immunomodulation. Adult germ-free mouse models have been useful for evaluation of immunogenic potential of oral V. cholerae vaccine strains even though colonization may not occur (38), yet neither of these models is applicable for study of acute inflammatory responses. In this study, we report the use of a novel mouse model conceptually adapted from the studies of S. flexneri (30-32) and technically based on previous studies with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (39). We have demonstrated that V. cholerae can infect the lung of BALB/c mice leading to the development of inflammation.. The identity of the reactogenicity factor of V. cholerae vaccine ...
http://jem.rupress.org/content/195/11/1455
Frontiers | VopE, a Vibrio cholerae Type III Effector, Attenuates the Activation of CWI-MAPK Pathway in Yeast Model System |...Frontiers | VopE, a Vibrio cholerae Type III Effector, Attenuates the Activation of CWI-MAPK Pathway in Yeast Model System |...
VopE, a mitochondrial targeting T3SS effector protein of Vibrio cholerae, perturbs innate immunity by modulating mitochondrial dynamics. In the current study, ectopic expression of VopE was found to be toxic in a yeast model system and toxicity was further aggravated in the presence of various stressors. Interestingly, a VopE variant the lacking predicted mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) also exhibited partial lethality in the yeast system. With the aid of yeast genetic tools and different stressors, we have demonstrated that VopE and its derivative VopE∆MTS modulate cell wall integrity (CWI-MAPK) signaling pathway and have identified several critical residues contributing to the lethality of VopE. Furthermore, co-expression of two effectors VopE∆MTS and VopX, interfering with the CWI-MAPK cellular pathway can partially suppress the VopX mediated yeast growth inhibition. Taken together, these results suggest that VopE alters signaling through the CWI-MAPK pathway, and demonstrates the
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00082/full
Reduced Expression of the vca0421 Gene of Vibrio cholerae O1 Results in Innate Resistance to Ciprofloxacin | Antimicrobial...Reduced Expression of the vca0421 Gene of Vibrio cholerae O1 Results in Innate Resistance to Ciprofloxacin | Antimicrobial...
Fluoroquinolones, which display potent antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, have been used in the clinical treatment of cholera (13). However, increased therapeutic use of fluoroquinolones has resulted in the appearance of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of V. cholerae O1 and O139 in clinical isolates from around the world (3, 9, 10).. In addition to V. cholerae O1 and O139, many other bacterial species have developed clinical resistance to fluoroquinolones. The molecular basis of this antibiotic resistance has been studied extensively (2). Most of the acquired resistance can be attributed to mutations in the genes encoding DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV (Topo IV). Bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones can also be conferred by increased expression of multidrug efflux pumps or reduced expression of outer membrane proteins, such as porins, resulting in reduced intracellular concentrations of antibiotics (5). DNA gyrase consists of GyrA and GyrB subunits, encoded by the ...
https://aac.asm.org/content/54/11/4917
KEGG PATHWAY: Biofilm formation - Vibrio cholerae
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous advantages to microorganisms. On the other hand, biofilm formation is an energetically costly process and therefore must be tightly regulated and plastic, enabling biofilm bacteria to be responsive to the various environmental cues. The quorum sensing (QS) pathway of Vibrio cholerae activates the expression of VpsR, VpsT and AphA (the main activators of biofilm formation) at low cell density and HapR (the main repressor) at high cell density. At low cell density, biofilm genes, including Vibrio polysaccharide (VPS) biosynthesis genes and the major extracellular matrix genes RbmA, RbmC, and Bap1, are expressed. The QS pathway also leads to induction of virulence factors such as toxin coregulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin (CTX), essential for colonization of the host and enterotoxicity, respectively. The VarS/VarA signaling system responds to an unknown environmental cue and represses biofilm production by ...
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?map=ko05111&show_description=show
KEGG PATHWAY: Biofilm formation - Vibrio choleraeKEGG PATHWAY: Biofilm formation - Vibrio cholerae
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous advantages to microorganisms. On the other hand, biofilm formation is an energetically costly process and therefore must be tightly regulated and plastic, enabling biofilm bacteria to be responsive to the various environmental cues. The quorum sensing (QS) pathway of Vibrio cholerae activates the expression of VpsR, VpsT and AphA (the main activators of biofilm formation) at low cell density and HapR (the main repressor) at high cell density. At low cell density, biofilm genes, including Vibrio polysaccharide (VPS) biosynthesis genes and the major extracellular matrix genes RbmA, RbmC, and Bap1, are expressed. The QS pathway also leads to induction of virulence factors such as toxin coregulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin (CTX), essential for colonization of the host and enterotoxicity, respectively. The VarS/VarA signaling system responds to an unknown environmental cue and represses biofilm production by ...
http://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?ko05111
KEGG PATHWAY: Biofilm formation - Vibrio cholerae
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous advantages to microorganisms. On the other hand, biofilm formation is an energetically costly process and therefore must be tightly regulated and plastic, enabling biofilm bacteria to be responsive to the various environmental cues. The quorum sensing (QS) pathway of Vibrio cholerae activates the expression of VpsR, VpsT and AphA (the main activators of biofilm formation) at low cell density and HapR (the main repressor) at high cell density. At low cell density, biofilm genes, including Vibrio polysaccharide (VPS) biosynthesis genes and the major extracellular matrix genes RbmA, RbmC, and Bap1, are expressed. The QS pathway also leads to induction of virulence factors such as toxin coregulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin (CTX), essential for colonization of the host and enterotoxicity, respectively. The VarS/VarA signaling system responds to an unknown environmental cue and represses biofilm production by ...
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?ko05111+K10923
Whole genome sequencing of environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 from 10 nanograms of DNA using short reads
Multiple Displacement Amplification (MDA) of DNA using φ29 (phi29) DNA polymerase amplifies DNA several billion-fold, which has proved to be potentially very useful for evaluating genome information in a culture-independent manner. Whole genome sequencing using DNA from a single prokaryotic genome copy amplified by MDA has not yet been achieved due to the formation of chimeras and skewed amplification of genomic regions during the MDA step, which then precludes genome assembly. We have hereby addressed the issue by using 10 ng of genomic Vibrio cholerae DNA extracted within an agarose plug to ensure circularity as a starting point for MDA and then sequencing the amplified yield using the SOLiD platform. We successfully managed to assemble the entire genome of V. cholerae strain LMA3984-4 (environmental O1 strain isolated in urban Amazonia) using a hybrid de novo assembly strategy. Using our method, only 178 out of 16,713 (1%) of contigs were not able to be inserted into either chromosome ...
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/publication/2375552
Multiple drug resistant Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella from Nepalgunj Cholera outbreak and different hospitals of...Multiple drug resistant Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella from Nepalgunj Cholera outbreak and different hospitals of...
Diarrhoea is a major health problem throughout the world, and responsible for high morbidity and mortality in Nepal. The crosssectional prospective study was carried out to screen ESBL producer from MDR Vibrio Cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella from 268 diarrhoeal stools from Nepalgunj Cholera outbreak and different hospitals of Nepal during April 2010 to January 2011. The specimens were processed by standard microbiological methods and confirmed with serology. Altogether 14.18% of bacteria were isolated with 8.21% V. cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa, 2.24% Shigella flexneri B and 3.73% Salmonella spp. Highest bacterial culture (47.36%) were isolated in Kathmandu while highest V. cholerae (77.27%) were isolated in Nepalgunj. The highest number of Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were isolated from Kanti Childrens Hospital. Highest bacteria isolation (47.36%) and highest V. cholerae isolation (81.81%) were observed in the August. The bacteria isolation was significantly associated with places and months ...
https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/NJBS/article/view/7487
Reaction intermediates in the heme degradation reaction by HutZ from: Vibrio cholerae<...Reaction intermediates in the heme degradation reaction by HutZ from: Vibrio cholerae<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Reaction intermediates in the heme degradation reaction by HutZ from. T2 - Vibrio cholerae. AU - Uchida, Takeshi. AU - Sekine, Yukari. AU - Dojun, Nobuhiko. AU - Lewis-Ballester, Ariel. AU - Ishigami, Izumi. AU - Matsui, Toshitaka. AU - Yeh, Syun Ru. AU - Ishimori, Koichiro. PY - 2017/1/1. Y1 - 2017/1/1. N2 - HutZ is a heme-degrading enzyme in Vibrio cholerae. It converts heme to biliverdin via verdoheme, suggesting that it follows the same reaction mechanism as that of mammalian heme oxygenase. However, none of the key intermediates have been identified. In this study, we applied steady-state and time-resolved UV-vis absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy to study the reaction of the heme-HutZ complex with H2O2 or ascorbic acid. We characterized three intermediates: oxyferrous heme, meso-hydroxyheme, and verdoheme complexes. Our data support the view that HutZ degrades heme in a manner similar to mammalian heme oxygenase, despite their low sequence and structural ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/reaction-intermediates-in-the-heme-degradation-reaction-by-hutz-f
Human immune response to the 18-kDa outer-membrane antigen of Vibrio cholerae | Microbiology SocietyHuman immune response to the 18-kDa outer-membrane antigen of Vibrio cholerae | Microbiology Society
Summary The serum IgG response of human volunteers challenged with Vibrio cholerae O1 was analysed for reactivity to V. cholerae O1 outer-membrane antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the immunoblot technique. Purified outer-membrane antigen preparations from vibrios grown in low-iron conditions were separated by SDS-PAGE. Specific immunoblot reactions of human sera showed that an 18-kDa antigen, cholera protective antigen, was the major antigen with which sera reacted. ELISA revealed an increase in antibody to the 18-kDa antigen in nine of 10 challenged volunteers. This response was independent of the biotype and serotype of the V. cholerae O1 challenge strain. Cholera protective antigen appears to be one of the major outer-membrane antigens involved in the human immune response to infection with V. cholerae.
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-39-2-135
Vibrio cholerae Utilizes Direct sRNA Regulation in Expression of a Biofilm Matrix ProteinVibrio cholerae Utilizes Direct sRNA Regulation in Expression of a Biofilm Matrix Protein
The Gram-negative pathogen Vibrio cholerae uses variety of regulatory molecules to modulate expression of virulence factors. One important regulatory element of microorganisms is small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs), which control various cell functions such as expression of cell membrane proteins, mRNA decay and riboswitches. In this thesis studies, we demonstrated the roles of the sRNAs VrrA in regulation of outer membrane protein expression, biofilm formation and expression of ribosome binding proteins. In addition, we showed that VrrB, a newly discovered sRNA, played a role in amino acid dependent starvation survival of V. cholerae and might functioned as a riboswitch.. VrrA, a 140-nt sRNAs in V. cholerae, was controlled by the alternative sigma factor σE. The outer membrane protein, OmpT is known to be regulated by environmental signals such as pH and temperature via the ToxR regulon and carbon source signals via the cAMP-CRP complex. Our studies provide new insight into the regulation of OmpT by ...
http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:747039
Genome Sequence of Vibrio cholerae Strain O1 Ogawa El Tor, Isolated in Mexico, 2013 | Microbiology Resource AnnouncementsGenome Sequence of Vibrio cholerae Strain O1 Ogawa El Tor, Isolated in Mexico, 2013 | Microbiology Resource Announcements
We present the draft genome sequence of Vibrio cholerae InDRE 3140 recovered in 2013 during a cholera outbreak in Mexico. The genome showed the Vibrio 7th pandemic islands VSP1 and VSP2, the pathogenic islands VPI-1 and VPI-2, the integrative and conjugative element SXT/R391 (ICE-SXT), and both prophages CTXφ and RS1φ. ...
https://mra.asm.org/content/2/5/e01123-14.abstract
Clinical characteristics and risk factors for Vibrio cholerae infection in children. | Base documentaire | BDSP
Surveillance was conducted during February and March 1991 in the pediatric emergency department of Cayetano Heredia Hospital, Lima, Peru, to contrast the characteristics of children with epidemic cholera with those of children with non-cholera-associated diarrhea. Among 626 patients 14 years of age or younger, Vibrio cholerae O1 was isolated...
http://www.bdsp.ehesp.fr/Base/106230/
Identification of a mannose-binding pilus on Vibrio cholerae El Tor. - PubMed - NCBIIdentification of a mannose-binding pilus on Vibrio cholerae El Tor. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1686631?dopt=Abstract
Sequence polymorphisms of rfbT among the Vibrio cholerae O1 strains in the Ogawa and Inaba serotype shifts | Springer for...Sequence polymorphisms of rfbT among the Vibrio cholerae O1 strains in the Ogawa and Inaba serotype shifts | Springer for...
Background Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 has two major serotypes, Ogawa and Inaba, which may alternate among cholera epidemics. The rfbTgene is responsible for the conversion between the two...
https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2180-13-173
Analyses of the roles of the three cheA homologs in chemotaxis of Vibrio cholerae. | Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine |...Analyses of the roles of the three cheA homologs in chemotaxis of Vibrio cholerae. | Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine |...
The Vibrio cholerae genome revealed the presence of multiple sets of chemotaxis genes, including three cheA gene homologs. We found that the cheA-2, but not cheA-1 or cheA-3, gene is essential for chemotaxis under standard conditions. Loss of chemotaxis had no effect on virulence factor expression in vitro.. ...
https://vetmed.oregonstate.edu/biblio/analyses-roles-three-chea-homologs-chemotaxis-vibrio-cholerae
Comparative genomics of 274 Vibrio cholerae genomes reveals mobile functions structuring three niche dimensionsComparative genomics of 274 Vibrio cholerae genomes reveals mobile functions structuring three niche dimensions
A free platform for explaining your research in plain language, and managing how you communicate around it - so you can understand how best to increase its impact.
https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1186%252F1471-2164-15-654/reader
Welcome to CDC stacks | Vibrio cholerae outbreak in Italy. - 14835 | Emerging Infectious DiseasesWelcome to CDC stacks | Vibrio cholerae outbreak in Italy. - 14835 | Emerging Infectious Diseases
We examined the distribution of class I integrons and SXT elements in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains, isolated in Calcutta, India, before and after the V. cholerae O139 outbreak in 1992. Class I integrons, with aadA1 gene cassette, were detected p ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14835/Email
Small ChromosomeSmall Chromosome
The complete genome of Vibrio cholerae El Tor N16961 consists of two circular chromosomes (2,961,146 and 1,072,313 base pair) with 3,890 predicted open reading frames (2,775 and 1,115 on each chromosome respectively). The majority of recognizable genes for essential cell functions (such as DNA replication, transcription, translation, etc.) and pathogenicity (such as toxin, surface antigens, and adhesion) are located on the large chromosome. The small chromosome contains a large percentage of hypothetical genes, more genes that appear to have origins other than the Proteobacteria, a gene capture system (integron island) that suggests this may have been a mega-plasmid captured by an ancestral Vibrio species. The Vibrio cholerae genome sequence provides a starting point for understanding how a free living, environmental microorganism is also a human pathogen. Source: The Institute for Genomic Research ...
https://www.nsf.gov/news/speeches/colwell/rc04_indian/tsld014.htm
Antimicrobial Susceptibility among Urban Wastewater and Wild Shellfish Isolates of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio Cholerae from La...Antimicrobial Susceptibility among Urban Wastewater and Wild Shellfish Isolates of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio Cholerae from La...
The early 2000s marked the end of the Golden age of the antibiotics and the beginning of the awareness on the potential threat to human health due to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. As a base-line study, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 99 strains of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae isolated fromwastewater and shellfish in 2000/2001 within La Rance estuary (Brittany, France). All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, imipenem, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and erythromycin. The only resistances were to streptomycin, sulfonamides and ampicillin: 54.6% of the isolates had acquired resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent among them and only six isolates from cockles were multidrug resistant. On the basis of the distribution of a limited selection of resistance associated genes, our study shows that V. cholerae can constitute
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616065
Vibrio cholerae - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasVibrio cholerae - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Vibrio cholerae merupakan bakteri gram negatif, berbentuk koma (batang yang melengkung) dan bersifat motil (dapat bergerak), memiliki struktur antogenik dari antigen flagelar H dan antigen somatik O, gamma-proteobacteria, mesofilik dan kemoorganotrof, berhabitat alami di lingkungan akuatik dan umumnya berasosiasi dengan eukariot.[1] Spesies Vibrio kerap dikaitkan dengan sifat patogenisitasnya pada manusia, terutama V. cholerae penyebab penyakit kolera di negara berkembang yang memiliki keterbatasan akan air bersih dan memiliki sanitasi yang buruk.[2] V. cholerae ditemukan pertama kali oleh ahli anatomi dari Italia bernama Filippo Pacini pada tahun 1854.[3]. Namun, penemuan awal ini baru dikenal luas setelah Robert Koch, yang mempelajari penyakit kolera di Mesir, pada tahun 1883 membuktikan bahwa bakteri tersebut adalah penyebab kolera.[3] ...
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae
Vibrio cholerae O1 found attached to the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans in Argentine shelf waters | DSpace-CRIS @ ANLIS
Cholera re-emerged in 1991 in South America and has caused seven outbreaks in Argentina, all of which were produced by an O1 El Tor strain (Pichel et al., 2003). In previous studies, we have focused attention on the viable but nonculturable (VNC) forms of V. cholerae and its association with plankton organisms (Binsztein et al., 2004), taking into account the ecological significance of the VNC state as a means of survival during inter-epidemic periods (Colwell & Huq, 1994). Binsztein et al. (2004) reported the presence of VNC V. cholerae O1 in marine zooplankton and microplankton samples from the Argentine shelf of the Atlantic Ocean. These authors reported that while various copepods (Corycaeus amazonicus Dahl, Centropages furcatus Dana and tenocalanus vanus Giesbrecht) were shown to be associated with VNC V. cholerae O1, the bacterium could not be found attached to any phyto- nor protozooplankton species ...
http://sgc.anlis.gob.ar/handle/123456789/2109
VC 1415 - Hcp protein - Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 (strain ATCC 39315 / El Tor Inaba N16961) - VC 1415 gene & proteinVC 1415 - Hcp protein - Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 (strain ATCC 39315 / El Tor Inaba N16961) - VC 1415 gene & protein
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H9L4Q3
The Sodium-Driven Flagellar Motor Controls Exopolysaccharide Expression in Vibrio cholerae | Journal of BacteriologyThe Sodium-Driven Flagellar Motor Controls Exopolysaccharide Expression in Vibrio cholerae | Journal of Bacteriology
The ability of V. cholerae to form biofilms has been postulated to contribute to cholera epidemics by enhancing environmental persistence of the organisms in aquatic reservoirs. Expression of the EPS encoded by the vps genes is necessary to form the mature biofilms seen when V. cholerae is grown under the laboratory conditions utilized in this study (42, 44). A recent report (17) has shown that this particular EPS may be utilized only by the O139 strain MO10 found in freshwater biofilms, while a vps-independent MO10 biofilm, dependent on the O139 antigen, appears to form in saltwater environments (18). Considering that cholera infections are frequently derived from freshwater sources, especially in areas of endemicity, understanding the regulation of vps-dependent EPS expression is likely to be directly relevant to understanding the environmental persistence of epidemic strains.. Some of the details of the induction of EPS in V. cholerae are beginning to be understood. Two recent reports (8, 45) ...
https://jb.asm.org/content/186/15/4864?ijkey=8b056f3c57e56e7c0acf89f028b49411d315db74&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Welcome to CDC stacks | Molecular Epidemiology of O139 Vibrio cholerae: Mutation, Lateral Gene Transfer, and Founder Flush -...Welcome to CDC stacks | Molecular Epidemiology of O139 Vibrio cholerae: Mutation, Lateral Gene Transfer, and Founder Flush -...
Vibrio cholerae in O-group 139 was first isolated in 1992 and by 1993 had been found throughout the Indian subcontinent. This epidemic expansion probably resulted from a single source after a lateral gene transfer (LGT) event that changed the serotype of an epidemic V. cholerae O1 El Tor strain to O139. However, some studies found substantial genetic diversity, perhaps caused by multiple origins. To further explore the relatedness of O139 strains, we analyzed nine sequenced loci from 96 isolates from patients at the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, from 1992 to 2000. We found 64 novel alleles distributed among 51 sequence types. LGT events produced three times the number of nucleotide changes compared to mutation. In contrast to the traditional concept of epidemic spread of a homogeneous clone, the establishment of variant alleles generated by LGT during the rapid expansion of a clonal bacterial population may be a paradigm in infections and epidemics ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14184
Salmonella and Vibrio cholerae in brackish-water cultured tropical prawns - GOV.UKSalmonella and Vibrio cholerae in brackish-water cultured tropical prawns - GOV.UK
The occurrence of Salmonella and Vibrio cholerae in brackishwater ponds was monitored over a 2-year period in one of the major prawn exporting countries in Southeast Asia. The principal production areas were identified and regular samples taken for Salmonella and V. cholerae analysis. Results demonstrated that brackishwater ponds and cultured prawns were inherently contaminated with both bacterial pathogens. Salmonella spp. were present in 16.0% of prawns and 22.1% of mud/water samples from ponds; and V. cholerae present in 1.5% of prawns and 3.1% of mud/water samples. Culturing by intensive methods tended to favour contamination by these pathogens, which is most likely due to the accumulation of waste and increase in the volume of sediments in ponds. Typical environmental factors such as water temperature, pH, and salinity were all favourable for growth of microorganisms. The incidence of the pathogens increased during the wet season and was marginally higher when ponds were located close to ...
https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs/salmonella-and-vibrio-cholerae-in-brackish-water-cultured-tropical-prawns
Comparison of the vibriocidal antibody response in cholera due to Vibrio cholerae O139 bengal with the response in cholera due...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparison of the vibriocidal antibody response in cholera due to Vibrio cholerae O139 bengal with the response in cholera due to Vibrio cholerae O1. AU - Qadri, F.. AU - Mohi, G.. AU - Hossain, J.. AU - Azim, T.. AU - Khan, A. M.. AU - Salam, M. A.. AU - Sack, R. B.. AU - Albert, M. J.. AU - Svennerholm, A. M.. PY - 1995. Y1 - 1995. N2 - Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139, now considered to be the second organism capable of causing epidemic severe dehydrating cholera, contains a capsular polysaccharide which makes it difficult for it to be used in the conventional vibriocidal antibody assay optimized for V. cholerae O1. After modification of the procedure, which involved tile use of specific bacterial strains, a lower bacterial inoculum, and increased amounts of complement, the vibriocidal antibody responses to V. cholerae O139 were measured in acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 33 V. choleras O139-infected and 18 V. cholerae O1-infected patients and in single serum samples ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/comparison-of-the-vibriocidal-antibody-response-in-cholera-due-to-5
Proteins involved in difference of sorbitol fermentation rates of the toxigenic and nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains...Proteins involved in difference of sorbitol fermentation rates of the toxigenic and nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains...
The nontoxigenic V. cholerae El Tor strains ferment sorbitol faster than the toxigenic strains, hence fast-fermenting and slow-fermenting strains are defined by sorbitol fermentation test. This test has been used for more than 40 years in cholera surveillance and strain analysis in China. Understanding of the mechanisms of sorbitol metabolism of the toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains may help to explore the genome and metabolism divergence in these strains. Here we used comparative proteomic analysis to find the proteins which may be involved in such metabolic difference. We found the production of formate and lactic acid in the sorbitol fermentation medium of the nontoxigenic strain was earlier than of the toxigenic strain. We compared the protein expression profiles of the toxigenic strain N16961 and nontoxigenic strain JS32 cultured in sorbitol fermentation medium, by using fructose fermentation medium as the control. Seventy-three differential protein spots were found and further identified by MALDI
https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2180-9-135
High genetic diversity of Vibrio cholerae in the European lake Neusiedler See is associated with intensive recombination in the...High genetic diversity of Vibrio cholerae in the European lake Neusiedler See is associated with intensive recombination in the...
Coastal marine Vibrio cholerae populations usually exhibit high genetic diversity. To assess the genetic diversity of abundant V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 populations in the Central European lake Neusiedler See, we performed a phylogenetic analysis based on recA, toxR, gyrB and pyrH loci sequenced for 472 strains. The strains were isolated from three ecologically different habitats in a lake that is a hot-spot of migrating birds and an important bathing water. We also analyzed 76 environmental and human V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 isolates from Austria and other European countries and added sequences of seven genome-sequenced strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the lake supports a unique endemic diversity of V. cholerae that is particularly rich in the reed stand. Phylogenetic trees revealed that many V. cholerae isolates from European countries were genetically related to the strains present in the lake belonging to statistically supported monophyletic clades. We hypothesize that the observed
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/High-genetic-diversity-of-Vibrio-cholerae-in-the-E-Pretzer-Druzhinina/40753f180a6dc0f1db81b7627150f7ef7db15193
Duration of serum antitoxin response following Vibrio cholerae infection in North Americans: Relevance for seroepidemiology<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Duration of serum antitoxin response following Vibrio cholerae infection in North Americans. T2 - Relevance for seroepidemiology. AU - Levine, Myron M.. AU - Young, Charles R.. AU - Hughes, Timothy P.. AU - Odonnell, Sylvia. AU - Black, Robert E.. AU - Clements, Mary Lou. AU - Robins-browne, Roy. AU - Lim, Yu Leong. PY - 1981/9. Y1 - 1981/9. N2 - Because of repeated infections with bacterial enteropathogens elaborating antigenically related enterotoxins, persons living in less-developed areas even where cholera is not endemic have high prevalence and levels of cholera antitoxin. Thus, in less-developed areas, antitoxin is not helpful for the seroepidemiology of cholera. In contrast, since diarrheal infections due to pathogens elaborating cholera-like enterotoxins are rare in industrialized countries, this study reviewed the magnitude and duration of the serum antitoxin response to cholera infections in North Americans to develop guidelines for use of antitoxin as a ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/duration-of-serum-antitoxin-response-following-vibrio-cholerae-in-3
Table 3 - Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 Serogroups and Cholera-like Diarrhea, Kolkata, India - Volume 19, Number 3-March...
We identified 281 Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains from patients with diarrhea in Kolkata, India. Cholera-like diarrhea was the major symptom (66.0%); some patients (20.3%) had severe dehydration. These strains lacked the ctxA gene but many had hlyA, rtxA, and rtxC genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed no genetic link among strains.
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/3/12-1156-t3
Update: Outbreak of Cholera -- Haiti, 2010
Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O1, Serotype Ogawa, Biotype El Tor Strain -- La Huasteca Region, Mexico, 2013. Díaz-Quiñonez, Alberto; Hernández-Monroy, Irma; Montes-Colima, Norma; Moreno-Pérez, Asunción; Galicia Nicolás, Adriana; Martínez-Rojano, Hugo; Carmona Ramos, Concepción; Sánchez-Mendoza, Miroslava; Cruz Rodríguez-Martínez, José; Suárez-Idueta, Lorena; Eugenia Jiménez-Corona, María; Ruiz-Matus, Cuitláhuac; Kuri-Morales, Pablo // MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report;6/27/2014, Vol. 63 Issue 25, p552 The article reports on the outbreak of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor strain in the La Huasteca region in Mexico in September 2013. Topics discussed include the identification of two cases of cholera in Mexico City by Mexicos National System of... ...
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/57271213/update-outbreak-cholera-haiti-2010
Efficacy of solar disinfection of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae<...Efficacy of solar disinfection of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Efficacy of solar disinfection of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella Typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae. AU - Berney, M.. AU - Weilenmann, H. U.. AU - Simonetti, A.. AU - Egli, T.. PY - 2006/10/1. Y1 - 2006/10/1. N2 - Aims: To determine the efficacy of solar disinfection (SODIS) for enteric pathogens and to test applicability of the reciprocity law. Methods and Results: Resistance to sunlight at 37°C based on F99 values was in the following order: Salmonella Typhimurium , Escherichia coli , Shigella flexneri , Vibrio cholerae. While F90 values of Salm. Typhimurium and E. coli were similar, F99 values differed by 60% due to different inactivation curve shapes. Efficacy seemed not to be dependent on fluence rate for E. coli stationary cells. Sensitivity to mild heat was observed above a temperature of 45°C for E. coli, Salm. Typhimurium and Sh. flexneri, while V. cholerae was already susceptible above 40°C. Conclusions: Salmonella Typhimurium was the most resistant and ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/efficacy-of-solar-disinfection-of-escherichia-coli-shigella-flexn-2
The capsule polysaccharide structure and biogenesis for non-O1 Vibrio cholerae NRT36S: Genes are embedded in the LPS region<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The capsule polysaccharide structure and biogenesis for non-O1 Vibrio cholerae NRT36S. T2 - Genes are embedded in the LPS region. AU - Chen, Yuansha. AU - Bystricky, Peter. AU - Adeyeye, Jacob. AU - Panigrahi, Pinaki. AU - Ali, Afsar. AU - Johnson, Judith A.. AU - Bush, C. A.. AU - Morris, J. G.. AU - Stine, O. C.. PY - 2007/4/13. Y1 - 2007/4/13. N2 - Background. In V. cholerae, the biogenesis of capsule polysaccharide is poorly understood. The elucidation of capsule structure and biogenesis is critical to understanding the evolution of surface polysaccharide and the internal relationship between the capsule and LPS in this species. V. cholerae serogroup O31 NRT36S, a human pathogen that produces a heat-stable enterotoxin (NAG-ST), is encapsulated. Here, we report the covalent structure and studies of the biogenesis of the capsule in V. cholerae NRT36S. Results. The structure of the capsular (CPS) polysaccharide was determined by high resolution NMR spectroscopy and shown to be a ...
https://nebraska.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-capsule-polysaccharide-structure-and-biogenesis-for-non-o1-vi
Vibrio cholerae - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaVibrio cholerae - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vibrio cholerae is a bacterium causing the disease cholera. It is part of the genus Vibrio, in the family Vibrionaceae. Like all Proteobacteria, it is gram negative. V. cholerae can respire aerobically if oxygen is present and can switch to anaerobic respiration if oxygen is not present (fermentation).. ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae
Role of a sensor histidine kinase ChiS of Vibrio cholerae in pathogenesis - Collaborative Research of Okayama University for...
Vibrio cholera survival in an aquatic environment depends on chitin utilization pathway that requires two factors, chitin binding protein and chitinases. The chitinases and the chitin utilization pathway are regulated by a two-component sensor histidine kinase ChiS in V. cholerae. In recent studies these two factors are also shown to be involved in V. cholerae pathogenesis. However, the role played by their upstream regulator ChiS in pathogenesis is yet to be known. In this study, we investigated the activation of ChiS in presence of mucin and its functional role in pathogenesis. We found ChiS is activated in mucin supplemented media. The isogenic chiS mutant (ChiS-) showed less growth compared to the wild type strain (ChiS+) in the presence of mucin supplemented media. The ChiS- strain also showed highly retarded motility as well as mucin layer penetration in vitro. Our result also showed that ChiS was important for adherence and survival in HT-29 cell. These observations indicate that ChiS is ...
http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/en/list/ou_projects/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E7%97%87%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6/p/2/item/56683
Role of a sensor histidine kinase ChiS of Vibrio cholerae in pathogenesis - インド感染症共同研究 - プロジェクト 一覧 - 岡山大学学術成果リポジトリ
Vibrio cholera survival in an aquatic environment depends on chitin utilization pathway that requires two factors, chitin binding protein and chitinases. The chitinases and the chitin utilization pathway are regulated by a two-component sensor histidine kinase ChiS in V. cholerae. In recent studies these two factors are also shown to be involved in V. cholerae pathogenesis. However, the role played by their upstream regulator ChiS in pathogenesis is yet to be known. In this study, we investigated the activation of ChiS in presence of mucin and its functional role in pathogenesis. We found ChiS is activated in mucin supplemented media. The isogenic chiS mutant (ChiS-) showed less growth compared to the wild type strain (ChiS+) in the presence of mucin supplemented media. The ChiS- strain also showed highly retarded motility as well as mucin layer penetration in vitro. Our result also showed that ChiS was important for adherence and survival in HT-29 cell. These observations indicate that ChiS is ...
http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/ja/list/ou_projects/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E7%97%87%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6/p/2/item/56683
The Isolation of Vibrio cholera and Other Enteric Bacteria with Molecular Characterization of Vibrio cholera during the...The Isolation of Vibrio cholera and Other Enteric Bacteria with Molecular Characterization of Vibrio cholera during the...
Vibrio cholera, causing acute watery diarrhea known as cholera disease, affects all ages and both genders. Cholera infection outbreaks in Iraq have been reported for several years. The recent cholera outbreak, emerged throughout 2015, was investigated using bacteriological laboratory tests, singleplex and multiplex PCR technique for the detection of V. cholera from stool samples. Furthermore the toxigenic potential coupled with the antibiotic susceptibility test for cholera and other bacteria were also investigated. The stool samples were collected from 5698 patients admitted to Al-Yarmouk Teaching hospital and health care centers in Baghdad/Al-Karkh, Iraq, from the 1st of August to the 30th of December 2015. The V. cholera was isolated from 194 cases (3.4% of the cases age between 21 - 50 years). In addition, other enteric infections: Salmonellosis and Shigellosis 7 and 21 respectively, protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica 2 and 43 cases respectively were also reported. High
https://m.scirp.org/papers/69679
Antimicrobial activities of gold and silver nanoparticles against Vibrio choleraAntimicrobial activities of gold and silver nanoparticles against Vibrio cholera
Vibrio cholerae is a human pathogen that causes mild to severe diarrheal illnesses and has major public health significance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antimicrobial activity of the gold nanoparticles on Vibrio cholera. Gold and Silver nanoparticles are chemically synthesized. Standard strain of Vibrio cholerawas cultured in a nutrient broth. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by micro dilution.
http://www.ijabbr.com/article_19146.html
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Bacterial Shedding in Household Contacts of Cholera Patients in Dhaka,...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Bacterial Shedding in Household Contacts of Cholera Patients in Dhaka,...
Abstract. Multiple Vibrio cholerae infections within the same household are common. Household contacts of patients with cholera were observed with daily clinical assessments and collection of rectal swab cultures for nine days after presentation of the index case. During the follow-up period, 71 (24%) of 294 household contacts developed a positive V. cholerae rectal swab, signifying bacterial shedding. The average length of bacterial shedding was 2.0 days (95% confidence interval 1.7-2.4). However, 16 (5%) of 294 contacts shed V. cholerae for ≥ 4 days. In a multivariate analysis, malnutrition was predictive of long-term shedding (odds ratio = 1.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-13, P = 0.02). High rates of V. cholerae infection and bacterial shedding among household contacts of cholera patients represent an opportunity for intervention to reduce V. cholerae transmission.
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0095
The capsule polysaccharide structure and biogenesis for non-O1 Vibrio cholerae NRT36S: genes are embedded in the LPS region ::...The capsule polysaccharide structure and biogenesis for non-O1 Vibrio cholerae NRT36S: genes are embedded in the LPS region ::...
Background: In V. cholerae, the biogenesis of capsule polysaccharide is poorly understood. The elucidation of capsule structure and biogenesis is critical to understanding the evolution of surface polysaccharide and the internal relationship between the capsule and LPS in this species. V. cholerae serogroup O31 NRT36S, a human pathogen that produces a heat-stable enterotoxin (NAG-ST), is encapsulated. Here, we report the covalent structure and studies of the biogenesis of the capsule in V. cholerae NRT36S. Results: The structure of the capsular (CPS) polysaccharide was determined by high resolution NMR spectroscopy and shown to be a complex structure with four residues in the repeating subunit. The gene cluster of capsule biogenesis was identified by transposon mutagenesis combined with whole genome sequencing data (GenBank accession DQ915177). The capsule gene cluster shared the same genetic locus as that of the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biogenesis gene cluster. Other than V. ...
http://contentdm.ad.umbc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p16629coll1/id/55/rec/7
Gila River Vibrio cholerae investigation: upper gila watershed, Graham, Greenlee, and Gila counties :: Arizona State Government...Gila River Vibrio cholerae investigation: upper gila watershed, Graham, Greenlee, and Gila counties :: Arizona State Government...
Gila River Vibrio cholerae Investigation Upper Gila Watershed Graham, Greenlee, and Gila Counties Conducted jointly by Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Arizona Department of Health Services February 5, 2007 Publication Number OFR 07-02 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION .................................................................. 4 2.0 METHODS AND RESULTS............................................................................ 5 2.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 August Sample Collections.................................................................. 5 2.1.2 September Sample Collections ............................................................ 7 2.1.3 October Sample Collections ................................................................. 8 3.0 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................. 9 3.1 Vibrio ...
http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/statepubs/id/3364/rec/18
Distribution of some virulence related-properties of Vibrioalginolyticus strains isolated from Mediterranean seawater (Bay of...
This study characterizes 28 Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from seawater from the Seacoast of Monastir (Khenis; Tunisia). V. alginolyticus were isolated using the TCBS modified agar plates and the biochemical activities were tested using RapID NF plus Strips. Proteases activities, hemolysis, antibiotics susceptibility, and adhesion to fish mucus and epithelial cell lines (Hep-2 and Caco-2) were also investigated. Eight Vibrio cholerae virulence genes (toxR, toxS, toxRS, toxT, ctxA, vpi, ace, zot) were investigated by PCR in genomes of V. alginolyticus strains. Most of the studied strains were β-haemolytic and produce many proteolytic enzymes. All isolates described here were resistant to several antibiotics tested. Six strains were able to adhere strongly to both Hep-2 and Caco-2 cell lines. The PCR investigation of V. cholerae genes showed a large distribution among the genomes of all V. alginolyticus strains. The toxR operon was found in 9 V. alginolyticus strains out of 28 studied. ...
http://eprints.uniss.it/2846/
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Multidrug Efflux Pumps from Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial ...IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Multidrug Efflux Pumps from Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial ...
Foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial microorganisms are common worldwide and constitute a serious public health concern. In particular, microorganisms belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae families of Gram-negative bacteria, and to the Staphylococcus genus of Gram-positive bacteria are important causative agents of food poisoning and infection in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Recently, variants of these bacteria have developed resistance to medically important chemotherapeutic agents. Multidrug resistant Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Vibrio cholerae, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus are becoming increasingly recalcitrant to clinical treatment in human patients. Of the various bacterial resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents, multidrug efflux pumps comprise a major cause of multiple drug resistance. These multidrug efflux pump systems reside in the biological membrane of the bacteria and actively extrude antimicrobial agents from bacterial cells.
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/2/1487
Differential Regulation of Multiple Flagellins inVibrio cholerae | Journal of BacteriologyDifferential Regulation of Multiple Flagellins inVibrio cholerae | Journal of Bacteriology
In the present study, we identified and characterized five flagellin genes in the human pathogen V. cholerae. Many flagellated bacterial species contain just one or two flagellin genes, which code for the structural subunit of the flagellar filament, so the presence of five separate genes in V. cholerae is puzzling, especially since the five predicted gene products have significant homology to each other (61 to 82% identity). In this respect, V. cholerae is similar to other Vibrio spp., notably the human pathogen V. parahaemolyticus (four polar flagellin genes [33]) and the fish pathogen V. anguillarum (five polar flagellin genes [34]), which has an identical arrangement of flagellin genes with the highest homology to those from V. cholerae.. Phenotypes of V. cholerae flagellin mutants revealed that the FlaA protein is essential for motility and that flaAstrains are nonflagellated. Expression of the other four flagellins in a flaA strain remains high, indicating that although highly homologous, ...
https://jb.asm.org/content/180/2/303?ijkey=18929130c7032378fc65757120e6ccc3fe11d66d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
A novel type of chemoreceptor is required for the structure and formation of cytosolic chemosensory arrays | Max-Planck...A novel type of chemoreceptor is required for the structure and formation of cytosolic chemosensory arrays | Max-Planck...
The bacterial human pathogen Vibrio cholerae contains three sets of chemotaxis proteins (I, II, and III). Interestingly, both membrane anchored and cytoplasmic arrays are formed in V. cholerae. The main difference between membrane-bound and cytoplasmic arrays is that in cytoplasmic chemoreceptor arrays, two layers of receptors are stacked head-to-head, sandwiched between two layers of CheA and CheW chemotaxis proteins, whereas in the membrane anchored arrays, one layer of membrane anchored receptors associate with one layer of CheA and CheW chemotaxis proteins. Using fluorescence microscopy and electron cryotomography, the research groups of Simon Ringgaard and Grant Jensen were able to show that V. choleraes cytoplasmic chemoreceptor array only consists of the cluster I proteins and forms independently of cluster II and III proteins. Formation of this cytoplasmic array was also found to depend on DosM, the only cytoplasmic receptor in cluster I.. Using subvolume averaging within a ...
https://www.mpi-marburg.mpg.de/130098/2016_09_b
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor in...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor in...
BASE-INSTANCE is the online home of leading journals and conference proceedings from BASE-INSTANCE Publishing and BASE-INSTANCE Member Societies
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0327
Cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of a heat-stable enterotoxin gene from Vibrio cholerae non-O1. - PubMed - NCBICloning and nucleotide sequence determination of a heat-stable enterotoxin gene from Vibrio cholerae non-O1. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2101148?dopt=Abstract
Winter 2015
Many mathematical models have been made from the cholera outbreak in Haiti, but our model is unique because it incorporated empirical data on the isolation of Vibrio cholerae O1 from surface waters in the Ouest Department of Haiti. We noticed that while the weekly reported cases seemed to be declining in the third and fourth years of the outbreak, the frequency of isolation of toxigenic V. cholerae in the environment was actually increasing. Under the current dogma of cholera transmission models, V. cholerae shed by humans into the environment only exists in a transient state governed by a constant rate of decay. The assumption is that although V. cholerae is an aquatic pathogen, it lacks the ability to replicate and survive for prolonged periods in surface waters. Given our understanding of V. cholerae biology, this is likely an oversimplification which precluded the possibility for an increase in environmental concentrations during a period where cholera incidence was infrequent or declining, ...
http://global.phhp.ufl.edu/better-tomorrow-for-haiti/news/winter-2015/
Action of streptomycin on Vibrio cholerae | Biochemical JournalAction of streptomycin on Vibrio cholerae | Biochemical Journal
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http://www.biochemj.org/content/76/2/362
High-throughput genotyping assays for identification of glycophorin B deletion variants in population studies. - Nuffield...
Glycophorins are the most abundant sialoglycoproteins on the surface of human erythrocyte membranes. Genetic variation in glycophorin region of human chromosome 4 (containing GYPA, GYPB, and GYPE genes) is of interest because the gene products serve as receptors for pathogens of major public health interest, including Plasmodiumsp., Babesiasp., Influenza virus, Vibrio cholerae El Tor Hemolysin, and Escherichia coli. A large structural rearrangement and hybrid glycophorin variant, known as Dantu, which was identified in East African populations, has been linked with a 40% reduction in risk for severe malaria. Apart from Dantu, other large structural variants exist, with the most common being deletion of the whole GYPB gene and its surrounding region, resulting in multiple different deletion forms. In West Africa particularly, these deletions are estimated to account for between 5 and 15% of the variation in different populations, mostly attributed to the forms known as DEL1 and DEL2. Due to the lack of
https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/1150615
Cholera epidemics killed at least 700 in 1800s - San Antonio Express-NewsCholera epidemics killed at least 700 in 1800s - San Antonio Express-News
After last years Ebola scare and the recent outbreak of the measles, many might not recall much earlier stories of the cholera epidemics so severe they led to infrastructure reforms. Multiple scares between the epidemics and after sent residents and military groups fleeing from the city. Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. According to Promises to Keep, a history of the Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio, the death toll reached 600 by the epidemics end, out of a population of 5,000. After the epidemic, the Board of Health recommended reforms in San Antonio, such as paving the sidewalks and grading the streets to provide gutters that would drain stagnant waters.
http://www.expressnews.com/150years/education-health/article/Cholera-epidemics-killed-at-least-700-in-1800s-6081967.php
Effects of chitin and its soluble derivatives on survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 at low temperature. | Applied and Environmental...Effects of chitin and its soluble derivatives on survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 at low temperature. | Applied and Environmental...
Chitin concentrations greater than 0.04% (wt/wt) protected cholera vibrios against killing at low temperature. This protective effect was detected with both the soluble form of chitin, glycol chitin, and the insoluble particulate form of chitin. Some amino acids or peptides also showed the same protective effect. ...
https://aem.asm.org/content/53/3/603?ijkey=4a5d044587bd81f935c282af0bba4d6c80bc5e94&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Effects of chitin and its soluble derivatives on survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 at low temperature. | Applied and Environmental...Effects of chitin and its soluble derivatives on survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 at low temperature. | Applied and Environmental...
Chitin concentrations greater than 0.04% (wt/wt) protected cholera vibrios against killing at low temperature. This protective effect was detected with both the soluble form of chitin, glycol chitin, and the insoluble particulate form of chitin. Some amino acids or peptides also showed the same protective effect. ...
https://aem.asm.org/content/53/3/603?ijkey=a83a8e245fde088bee160357e4095835d1ffbbf0&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Evaluation of the phenol-induced flagellar agglutination test for the identification of the cholera group of vibrios |...Evaluation of the phenol-induced flagellar agglutination test for the identification of the cholera group of vibrios |...
Summary Applied routinely to 1081 recently isolated cultures, the phenol-induced slide-agglutination test (standard procedure) with flagellar antiserum correctly identified 98-9% of Vibrio cholerae strains of O type-I and NAG serotypes; 10% of cultures were unstable in phenol-saline. The incidence of instability and other types of defect was higher (7-3%) in older stock cultures. The majority of such strains were successfully tested by one of the three modified procedures. No cross-reactions were observed in 47 cultures of other species including the halophilic vibrios. Only one out of the 1205 cultures of V. cholerae tested by all procedures reacted negatively; this strain was found to lack functional flagella. These results establish the significance of flagellar specificity as a classificatory determinant in V. cholerae, and the fidelity and utility of the phenol test in routine bacteriology.
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-13-2-363
Targeting the Replication Initiator of the Second Vibrio Chromosome: Towards Generation of Vibrionaceae-Specific Antimicrobial...Targeting the Replication Initiator of the Second Vibrio Chromosome: Towards Generation of Vibrionaceae-Specific Antimicrobial...
Author Summary Multi-drug resistant bacteria continue to emerge and there is a pressing need for the development of new antibiotics. Here, we carried out a cell-based high throughput screen to identify inhibitors of RctB, the initiator of replication of the second chromosome found in all the species of the Vibrionaceae. This family of bacteria includes several human pathogens, including Vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, as well as several species that damage economically important marine organisms. We identified a compound-designated vibrepin-that has potent cidal activity against V. cholerae and inhibited growth of all vibrio species tested. Vibrepin blocked RctB unwinding of the origin of replication of the second V. cholerae chromosome, apparently by promoting the formation of large non-functional RctB complexes. Vibrepin represents a new class of antibiotic that specifically targets a particular family of microorganisms (the Vibrionaceae). Such targeted agents will not engender resistance in
https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1000663
HoopingMovement.com » Uncategorized
Cholera epidemics have been a problem throughout history, but this year there were several outbreaks that sparked global concern. Cholera is caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It can cause severe watery diarrhea and dehydration, and kill within hours if left untreated. However, many people have mild or no symptoms and recover with supportive care and treatment with oral rehydration solutions. The disease is highly contagious and spreads rapidly in areas with poor sewage infrastructure and inadequate hygiene.. The largest cholera outbreak this year occurred in Yemen, and since the outbreak began in October there have been 862,858 suspected cases and 2,177 deaths - but those numbers are expected to rise before the year …read more Via:: Health Topics by BuzzFeed. ...
http://hoopingmovement.com/WhatsNew/category/uncategorized/
CHAART Remote Sensing of Cholera Outbreaks
Cholera epidemics caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 occur regularly in Bangladesh and India and sporadically in many parts of the world. In 1993, a total of 296,206 new cases of cholera were reported in South America after about a century, involving more than 15 countries. The outbreaks of cholera that have occurred during the past decade originated in coastal areas. From our previous work, V. cholerae attaches to plankton in the aquatic environment, providing the vehicle for dispersal. The organism attaches preferentially to zooplankton, particularly copepods, but it also attaches in lower numbers and without reproduction onto some species of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton provide the main food source for zooplankton so the two forms of plankton are tightly linked in space and time. Under adverse conditions of temperature and nutrients V. cholerae enters a dormant, non-culturable state which makes it difficult to detect. Although V. cholerae cannot be detected in any state by remote sensing ...
https://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/health/projects/cholera/cholera.html
Cholera Vaccine And Sustainable Sanitation - Mortenson Center in Engineering for Developing CommunitiesCholera Vaccine And Sustainable Sanitation - Mortenson Center in Engineering for Developing Communities
At The Mortenson Center blog, we are pleased to continue our series of posts by students of the Center. Cholera is a waterborne illness that is mainly caused by poor sanitary conditions that expose individuals to the bacterium vibrio cholerae. In many rural parts of the world, flooding at the start of the rainy season…
https://mcedccu.wordpress.com/2013/12/09/cholera-vaccine-and-sustainable-sanitation/
Epidemic Cholera in the New World: Translating Field Epidemiology into New Prevention Strategies - Volume 1, Number 4-October...
Cholera, a devastating diarrheal disease, has swept through the world in recurrent pandemics since 1817. The seventh and ongoing pandemic began in 1961 when the El Tor biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1 emerged in Indonesia. This pandemic spread through Asia and Africa and finally reached Latin America early in 1991 (1). After explosive epidemics in coastal Peru, it spread rapidly and continues throughout Latin America (Figure). Because of underreporting, the more than 1,000,000 cholera cases and 10,000 deaths reported from Latin America through 1994 (Table 1) (2) represent only a small fraction of the actual number of infections. Molecular characterization of V. cholerae O1 strains from Peru has shown that they do not match strains from anywhere else in the world; therefore, the source of the Peruvian epidemic strains remains unknown (3). Moreover, other strains have since appeared in Latin America. At least one of these, a strain resistant to multiple antimicrobial drugs, was first identified in ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/1/4/95-0408_article
New V. choleraeatypical El Tor variant emerged during the 2006 epidemic outbreak in Angola | BMC Microbiology | Full TextNew V. choleraeatypical El Tor variant emerged during the 2006 epidemic outbreak in Angola | BMC Microbiology | Full Text
Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of the severe watery diarrhoeal disease known as cholera, a major public health concern in most developing countries.. More than 200 serogroups have been described on the basis of different somatic O antigens [1], but only serogroups O1 and O139 have the ability to cause harsh epidemics. Serogroup O1 is further divided into two main biotypes, Classical and the 7th pandemic El Tor. Beside their phenotypic characteristics, differences in specific genetic markers, such as toxin structure, confer distinct features to these biotypes.. Pathogenic V. cholerae strains carry the genes encoding the cholera toxin (CT) on the CTXΦ prophage. Different CTXΦ arrangements have been described within the O1 serogroup [2]. These arrangements depend on the genotype of the CT gene ctxB and on the organization and chromosomal location of several gene clusters of phage origin, namely the core, RS2, and RS1 [2]. Although the Classical biotype is considered extinct, new El Tor ...
https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2180-11-130
Scientists Reveal How Cholera Bacterium Gains A Foothold In The Gut - RedorbitScientists Reveal How Cholera Bacterium Gains A Foothold In The Gut - Redorbit
A team of biologists at the University of York has made an important advance in our understanding of the way cholera attacks the body. The discovery could help scientists target treatments for the globally significant intestinal disease which kills more than 100,000 people every year.. The disease is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is able to colonise the intestine usually after consumption of contaminated water or food. Once infection is established, the bacterium secretes a toxin that causes watery diarrhea and ultimately death if not treated rapidly. Colonization of the intestine is difficult for incoming bacteria as they have to be highly competitive to gain a foothold among the trillions of other bacteria already in situ.. Scientists at York, led by Dr Gavin Thomas in the University´s Department of Biology, have investigated one of the important routes that V. cholera uses to gain this foothold. To be able to grow in the intestine the bacterium harvests and then eats a ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1112463528/scientists-reveal-how-cholera-bacterium-gains-a-foothold-in-the-gut/
Intestines in the Time of Cholera - Tracking ZebraIntestines in the Time of Cholera - Tracking Zebra
The world has experienced 7 cholera pandemics since 1817. The first six were caused by the classic biotype of the O1 serogroup of Vibrio cholerae. The 7th pandemic which began in 1961 and is still ongoing (with spread to Haiti and Mexico) is due to the less virulent El Tor biotype of O1 V.cholerae. In a project, my colleagues and I estimated global cholera costs as exceeding $3 billion annually. It was in 1849 during the 2nd pandemic that Dr. John Snow made his pathbreaking epidemiological discovery regarding the role of water in the spread of the cholera microbe--yet to be identified (see The Ghost Map and The Strange Case of the Broad Street Pump). During that pandemic, Dr. John Neill of Philadelphia preserved an intestine from a patient for further study.. The New England Journal of Medicine just published the results of a successful attempt to extract the cholera microbe from that over-a-century old specimen. The bacterium recovered was of the classical biotype (as predicted) and had a ...
http://www.trackingzebra.com/new-blog/2014/1/9/intestines-in-the-time-of-cholera
Cholera - King CountyCholera - King County
Cholera is an often severe and potentially fatal diarrheal disease caused by toxin-producing strains of the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. It is spread by food and water that is contaminated by the feces of an infected person.
http://www.kingcounty.gov/depts/health/communicable-diseases/disease-control/cholera.aspx
Type VI secretion system - WikipediaType VI secretion system - Wikipedia
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is molecular machine used by a wide range of Gram-negative bacterial species to transport proteins from the interior (cytoplasm or cytosol) of a bacterial cell across the cellular envelope into an adjacent target cell. The T6SS was first identified in 2006 in Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera. Since then, Type VI secretion systems have been found in a quarter of all Proteobacterial genomes, including pathogens of animals, plants, and humans, as well as soil, environmental or marine bacteria. While most of the early studies of Type VI secretion focused on its role in the pathogenesis of higher organisms, it is now known to function primarily in interbacterial antagonism. The T6SS is thought to resemble an inverted phage extending outward from the bacterial cell surface. It consists of 14 proteins that assemble into three sub-complexes: a phage tail-like tubule, a phage baseplate-like structure, and cell-envelope spanning membrane complex. These three ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_VI_secretion_system
SWISS-MODEL Repository | C3LNU9
SWISS-MODEL Repository entry for C3LNU9 (MSRB_VIBCM), Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase MsrB. Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 (strain M66-2)
https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/C3LNU9
The type VI secretion system of Vibrio cholerae fosters horizontal gene transfer | ScienceThe type VI secretion system of Vibrio cholerae fosters horizontal gene transfer | Science
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https://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6217/63.full
Biomarker is discovered for a flesh-eating pathogen that can blind or kill healthy young people - University at BuffaloBiomarker is discovered for a flesh-eating pathogen that can blind or kill healthy young people - University at Buffalo
Russo explains that both strains of K. pneumoniae can be deadly, but the classical strain is more likely to infect patients with underlying disease, or who are immune-compromised and hospitalized.. By contrast, the hypervirulent strain can infect healthy, young people in the community, causing sudden, life-threatening complications, ranging from liver or brain abscesses to flesh-eating infections. While its currently less likely to be antibiotic resistant, these strains continue to evolve. Classical strains are more likely to be antimicrobial resistant.. Whats increasingly concerning is the growing number of reports that describe strains of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae that are antimicrobial resistant, said Russo. A bug thats both hypervirulent and challenging to treat is a bad combination.. An antimicrobial-resistant hypervirulent strain can develop in one of two ways, he explained: either by acquiring antimicrobial-resistance genes, or when an antimicrobial-resistant classical strain ...
https://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2018/07/001.html
Vibrio - WikipédiaVibrio - Wikipédia
Vibrio alebo vibrión[1] je rod patriaci do čeľade Vibrionaceae. Najdôležitejšími druhmi sú Vibrio cholerae a Vibrio El Tor (dnes považované skôr za variant v rámci druhu V. cholerae), pôvodcovia cholery. Okrem nich existujú ďalšie patogénne druhy, ktoré môžu vyvolať ochorenia tráviaceho traktu i celkové ochorenia človeka. Typickým znakom rodu je rast tejto skupiny vo vode a citlivosť na koncentrácie solí v nej.. ...
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio
Virulence Gene Expression: Fiat LuxO! | Science SignalingVirulence Gene Expression: Fiat LuxO! | Science Signaling
Bacteria can monitor their population density through the perception of molecules secreted by other local bacteria. This phenomenon leads to changes in bacterial behavior and changes in gene expression, and is termed quorum sensing. Quorum sensing in Vibrio cholerae, a major pathogenic bacterium in humans, is known to exist, but the gene targets of the sensing pathway are unknown. Zhu et al. found that a two-component signal module that includes the intracellular response regulator LuxO regulates virulence genes in V. cholerae. Vibrio mutants that lacked functional LuxO produced greatly decreased amounts of virulence-associated gene products, suggesting that LuxO was important for the expression of the virulence genes. The expression of HapR, which negatively regulated the expression of virulence genes, was decreased in a LuxO-dependent manner, suggesting one mechanism by which LuxO may increase virulence gene expression indirectly. HapR was expressed in luxO mutants, but not in wild-type ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2002/123/tw100
Vibrio Genome Project | J. Craig Venter InstituteVibrio Genome Project | J. Craig Venter Institute
This project is complete.. Goals. Several strains of Vibrio species will be sequenced under this project. The goal is to identify the specific genes and/or polymorphisms that are correlated with expression of virulence and disease via comparative genomic analysis. This work will increase our knowledge of the virulence of this understudied biothreat pathogen and provide a foundation for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic countermeasures. Several strains of Vibrio cholerae and closely related Vibrio species have been approved for sequencing under this project.. Data Release. Chromatogram Files: We will submit all sequences and trace files (chromatograms) generated under this project to the Trace Archive at NCBI. These data will also include information on templates, vectors, and quality values for each sequence.. Genome Assemblies:We will assemble and release the sequences for the three Vibrio strains being sequenced to 8X at the 3X coverage. A second data release will occur once 8X ...
https://www.jcvi.org/gcid/project/vibrio
BacMapBacMap
Vibrios are facultatively anaerobic bacteria that are metabolically similar to the Enterobacteriaceae. They are ubiquitous to oceans, coastal waters, and estuaries. The best known species is Vibrio cholerae, which can cause severe diarrheal illness in humans.The genus Vibrio consists of Gram-negative straight or curved rods, motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Vibrios are capable of both respiratory and fermentative metabolism.Classic cholera is characterised by an abrupt onset of vomiting and profuse watery diaorrhea. Fluid losses can be significant (up to 20 L/day) and hypovolemic shock and metabolic acidosis can cause death within a few hours of onset, especially in children. Mortality, in untreated cases, is as high as 60%. In the past 180 years, 7 pandemics were reported, usually of Bengali origin, with the latest pandemic originating in Indonesia in 1961 and moving to the Western hemisphere. In 1991, a cholera outbreak in Peru and 20 other countries in the Western hemisphere ...
http://bacmap.wishartlab.com/organisms/505
Vibrio choleraeVibrio cholerae
Copepods and cholera in untreated water Vibrio cholerae El Tor N16961 Genome Page [hmepage] Type strain of Vibrio cholerae at ... NCBI: Vibrio cholerae O1 (serogroup) NCBI: Vibrio cholerae O139 (serogroup) Harris, Jason B.; LaRocque, Regina C.; Qadri, ... "Medical Definition of Vibrio cholerae". MedTerms Dictionary. MedicineNet. Retrieved 2021-06-03. "New strains of Vibrio cholerae ... Biology portal Drinking water Haiti cholera outbreak Cholera vaccine "Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae
Vibrio cholerae ToxT activated RNAsVibrio cholerae ToxT activated RNAs
In molecular biology, Vibrio cholerae ToxT activated RNAs are small RNAs which are produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ... Richard AL, Withey JH, Beyhan S, Yildiz F, DiRita VJ (December 2010). "The Vibrio cholerae virulence regulatory cascade ... "A genome-wide approach to discovery of small RNAs involved in regulation of virulence in Vibrio cholerae". PLOS Pathogens. 7 (7 ... "Non-coding sRNAs regulate virulence in the bacterial pathogen Vibrio cholerae". RNA Biology. 9 (4): 392-401. doi:10.4161/rna. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae_ToxT_activated_RNAs
Oregon TrailOregon Trail
The cause of cholera (ingesting the Vibrio cholerae bacterium from contaminated water) and the best treatment for cholera ... Waldor, Matthew; Ryan, Edward (2011). "Vibrio Cholerae". Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious ... Spread by cholera bacteria in fecal contaminated water, cholera caused massive diarrhea, leading to dehydration and death. In ... Cholera was responsible for taking many lives. As a fecal-oral disease, it commonly resulted from consuming food or water ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Trail
Agar plateAgar plate
Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar enhances growth of Vibrio spp., including Vibrio cholerae. Bile esculin agar is ... and Vibrio. Xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar is used for the culture of stool samples and contains two indicators. It is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agar_plate
CholeraCholera
Society and Politics in the Cholera Years, 1830-1910. London 1987 "Cholera - Vibrio cholerae infection , Cholera , CDC". www. ... "Cholera's seven pandemics". CBC. 9 May 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2018. "Cholera - Vibrio cholerae infection". Centers for Disease ... Prevention and control of cholera outbreaks: WHO policy and recommendations Cholera-World Health Organization Cholera - Vibrio ... ISBN 978-1-904455-18-9. Ramamurthy T (2008). "Antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae". Vibrio cholerae: Genomics and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera
History of choleraHistory of cholera
"Cholera - Vibrio cholerae infection , Cholera , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2017-05-16. Archived from the original on 2015-03-17. ... Beardsley GW (2000). "The 1832 Cholera Epidemic in New York State: 19th Century Responses to Cholerae Vibrio (part 1)". The ... and identification of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae by Filippo Pacini and Robert Koch. After a long hiatus, a seventh cholera ... Also in August 1970, a few cases were reported in Jerusalem.[citation needed] Vibrio cholerae has shown to be a very potent ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cholera
Cholera epidemic in Lexington, KentuckyCholera epidemic in Lexington, Kentucky
"Cholera Epidemics." Cholera Epidemics - Ohio History Central, www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Cholera_Epidemics. "Cholera - Vibrio ... Cholera is "an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the toxigenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae ... Cholera epidemic in Lexington, Kentucky was a major cholera epidemic in 1833. An estimated 502 out of 7,000 people died as a ... Cholera is "caused by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. In an epidemic, the source of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_epidemic_in_Lexington,_Kentucky
Seventh cholera pandemicSeventh cholera pandemic
Vibrio cholerae and Cholera. American Society of Microbiology. pp. 297-307. doi:10.1128/9781555818364.ch19. ISBN 978-1-55581- ... The seventh cholera pandemic (also called by some the 1961-1975 cholera pandemic) is the seventh major outbreak of cholera and ... Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio ... Cholera is caused by eating food or drinking water that is contaminated with the bacteria V. cholerae. It affects both children ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_cholera_pandemic
Biological warfareBiological warfare
Vibrio cholerae, and Yersinia pestis. Many viral agents have been studied and/or weaponized, including some of the Bunyaviridae ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_warfare
VibrioVibrio
... regulatory RNA of OmpA, MicX sRNA, Vibrio cholerae ToxT activated RNAs, tfoR RNA, and VqmR sRNA. Cholera toxin Thompson ... Note: Group-1: Vibrio alginolyticus; Group-2: Vibrio natriegens, Vibrio pelagius, Vibrio azureus; + = Positive; - =Negative; V ... Pathogenic Vibrio species include V. cholerae (the causative agent of cholera), V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. V. ... A common sign of Vibrio infection is cholera. Cholera primarily presents with rapid water loss by watery diarrhea. Other ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio
Virulence factorVirulence factor
Vibrio cholerae (causative agent of cholera); Clostridium perfringens (common causative agent of food poisoning as well as gas ... "Small-molecule inhibitor of Vibrio cholerae virulence and intestinal colonization". Science. 310 (5748): 670-674. Bibcode: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virulence_factor
VibriobactinVibriobactin
It was first isolated from Vibrio cholerae. The components of vibriobactin are three 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), two ... Keating, Thomas A.; Marshall, C. Gary; Walsh, Christopher T. (2000). "Vibriobactin Biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae: VibH Is an ... a Siderophore from Vibrio cholerae". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 259 (1): 383-385. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)43671-4. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibriobactin
2022 cholera outbreak in Lebanon2022 cholera outbreak in Lebanon
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of a species of bacterium known as Vibrio cholerae. Symptoms may ... "Illness and Symptoms , Cholera , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2020-10-02. Retrieved 2022-10-13. Todar K. "Vibrio cholerae and Asiatic ... "Cholera - Vibrio cholerae infection Information for Public Health & Medical Professionals". Centers for Disease Control and ... Finkelstein, Richard A. (1996). "Cholera, Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, and Other Pathogenic Vibrios". In Baron, Samuel (ed.). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_cholera_outbreak_in_Lebanon
Cholera toxinCholera toxin
2008). Vibrio cholerae: Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-33-2. Aizpurua-Olaizola, Oier ... The gene encoding the cholera toxin is introduced into V. cholerae by horizontal gene transfer. Virulent strains of V. cholerae ... Cholera toxin acts by the following mechanism: First, the B subunit ring of the cholera toxin binds to GM1 gangliosides on the ... Davis B, Waldor M (2003). "Filamentous phages linked to virulence of Vibrio cholerae". Curr Opin Microbiol. 6 (1): 35-42. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_toxin
Melanie BlokeschMelanie Blokesch
Her research focuses on Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium causing cholera. She is a professor of life sciences at École ... Marvig, Rasmus L; Blokesch, Melanie (2010). "Natural transformation of Vibrio cholerae as a tool - Optimizing the procedure". ... W.; Stutzmann, Sandrine; Stoudmann, Candice; Blokesch, Melanie (2019-06-10). "DNA-uptake pili of Vibrio cholerae are required ... Blokesch's research group investigates the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae that afflicts humans and has been responsible ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Blokesch
Elisabeth BikElisabeth Bik
Her dissertation was about developing vaccines for new strains of Vibrio cholerae involved in cholera epidemics across India ... Bik, Elisabeth M (1996). Cholera: vaccine development and evolution of epidemic Vibrio cholerae strains (Dissertation). Utrecht ... Mooi, F. R.; Gouw, R. D.; Bunschoten, A. E.; Bik, E. M. (1995-01-01). "Genesis of the novel epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139 ... ISBN 90-90091-73-4. Bik, Elisabeth M.; Mooi, Frits R. (1997-04-01). "The evolution of epidemic Vibrio cholerae strains". Trends ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_Bik
G. Balakrish NairG. Balakrish Nair
... as Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal and for his contributions on describing a cell-rounding factor from strains of Vibrio cholerae. ... in recognition and appreciation for his outstanding contribution to Public Health Education for Vibrio cholerae and Cholera in ... 2008). Vibrio cholerae: Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-33-2. (EngvarB from April ... He has been working on enteric pathogens with particular emphasis on Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the disease ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._Balakrish_Nair
Sxy 5′ UTR elementSxy 5′ UTR element
In the fellow gammaproteobacterium Vibrio cholerae, a different RNA regulatory system is used. Here, a sRNA named 'tfoR' ... Encoding a Positive Regulator of Natural Competence in Vibrio cholerae". Journal of Bacteriology. 193 (8): 1953-1965. doi: ... 2 induces natural competence in Vibrio cholerae through transcriptional and translational activation of a positive regulatory ... "Chitin induces natural competence in Vibrio cholerae". Science. 310 (5755): 1824-1827. doi:10.1126/science.1120096. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sxy_5′_UTR_element
Protein primary structureProtein primary structure
This modification is a target for the powerful toxins of disparate bacteria, e.g., Vibrio cholerae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_primary_structure
1883 in science1883 in science
Robert Koch isolates Vibrio cholerae, the cholera bacillus. Osborne Reynolds popularizes use of the Reynolds number in fluid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883_in_science
TilbroquinolTilbroquinol
It has also been used against Vibrio cholerae. International Drug Names Bougoudogo F, Fournier JM, Dodin A (1994). "[In vitro ... sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae serotype 0:139 to an intestinal antiseptic tiliquinol-tilbroquinol combination]". Bulletin de la ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilbroquinol
BPIFB1BPIFB1
"LPLUNC1 modulates innate immune responses to Vibrio cholerae". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 204 (9): 1349-57. doi: ... lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 is associated with cholera in a Bangladeshi population" (PDF). Genes and Immunity. 10 (3): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BPIFB1
Discovery of disease-causing pathogensDiscovery of disease-causing pathogens
In 1884, Robert Koch re-discovered Vibrio cholerae as a causal element in cholera. Some scientists opposed the new theory, and ... We now know that these were saprotrophic species of Vibrio, which may be differentiated from the cholera vibrio by cultural and ... Between 1849 when Pouchet discovered Vibrio cholerae and 1891, over a million people died in cholera epidemics in Europe and ... Von Pettenkofer considered his experience proof that Vibrio cholerae was harmless, as he did not develop cholera from consuming ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_disease-causing_pathogens
Proline-Rich Coiled Coil 1Proline-Rich Coiled Coil 1
"NTPase [Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961]". National Center for Biotechnology Information. pTarget Archived 2009-06 ... The DUF84 region is found in the genome of a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. The region consists of approximately 183 amino ... V. cholorae causes cholera and stomach flu in humans. The DUF84 region alone is about 160 amino acid residues. It is the only ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline-Rich_Coiled_Coil_1
Phage typingPhage typing
Turbadkar SD, Ghadge DP, Patil S, Chowdhary AS, Bharadwaj R (April 2007). "Circulating phage type of Vibrio cholerae in Mumbai ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_typing
CRISPRCRISPR
... which specifically targets Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1, has acquired a CRISPR/Cas system that targets a V. cholera PICI-like ... A Persistent Predator of Vibrio cholerae". Annual Review of Virology. 8 (1): 285-304. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-091919- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR
BacteriaBacteria
Val ME, Soler-Bistué A, Bland MJ, Mazel D (December 2014). "Management of multipartite genomes: the Vibrio cholerae model". ... bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma shaped; ... Robert Koch, a pioneer in medical microbiology, worked on cholera, anthrax and tuberculosis. In his research into tuberculosis ... However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria
1854 in science1854 in science
Filippo Pacini, an Italian anatomist, discovers Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera. Louis Pasteur begins ... Frerichs, Ralph R. (2001-08-05). "Who first discovered Vibrio cholera?". UCLA School of Public Health. Archived from the ... April-May - Dr John Snow traces the source of one outbreak of cholera in London (which kills 500) to a single water pump, ... Pacini's 1854 publication was titled "Osservazioni microscopiche e deduzioni patologiche sul cholera asiático" ("Microscopical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854_in_science
2016-2022 Yemen cholera outbreak2016-2022 Yemen cholera outbreak
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is spread mostly by unsafe water ... Finkelstein R (1996). "Cholera, Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, and Other Pathogenic Vibrios". Medical microbiology. University of ... "Cholera - Vibrio cholerae infection Information for Public Health & Medical Professionals". Centers for Disease Control and ... "Continued cholera epidemic in Yemen". The Global Alliance Against Cholera (G.A.A.C). "WHO EMRO - Cholera cases in Yemen - ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016–2022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak
Secondary chromosomeSecondary chromosome
"DNA sequence of both chromosomes of the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae". Nature. 406 (6795): 477-483. Bibcode:2000Natur.406.. ... Rasmussen, Tue; Bugge Jensen, Rasmus; Skovgaard, Ole (2007-07-11). "The two chromosomes of Vibrio cholerae are initiated at ... Egan, Elizabeth S.; Waldor, Matthew K. (2003-08-22). "Distinct Replication Requirements for the Two Vibrio cholerae Chromosomes ... the chromid in Vibrio cholerae contains genes for the ribosomal subunits L20 and L35. While most chromids have a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_chromosome
GNLYGNLY
May 2008). "In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of granulysin-derived peptides against Vibrio cholerae". The Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNLY
Rhodesia and weapons of mass destructionRhodesia and weapons of mass destruction
Among the biological agents, the Rhodesians selected for use included Vibrio cholerae (causative agent of cholera) and possibly ... Deaths from cholera occurred in both areas. A number of writers have accused the Rhodesian Government of intentionally ... cholerae in the Ruya River. The unit also used the material to contaminate the water supply of the town of Cochemane in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
PulseNetPulseNet
Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Yersinia pestis. In this way, efforts to combat infectious disease outbreaks are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulseNet
Cholera vaccineCholera vaccine
... heat-killed whole cells of Vibrio cholerae O1 and a recombinant cholera toxin B subunit, was licensed in 1991, mainly for ... Oral cholera vaccines were first introduced in the 1990s. The cost to immunize against cholera is between US$0.10 and US$4.00 ... The cholera vaccine is widely used by backpackers and persons visiting locations where there is a high risk of cholera ... Cholera vaccines are vaccines that are effective at preventing cholera. For the first six months after vaccination they provide ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_vaccine
Petri dishPetri dish
... and cholera (Vibrio cholerae). For his research on tuberculosis, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petri_dish
Bacterial outer membrane vesiclesBacterial outer membrane vesicles
Chatterjee, S. N.; Das, J. (1967). "Electron microscopic observations on the excretion of cell-wall material by Vibrio cholerae ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_outer_membrane_vesicles
BiovarBiovar
... synonym for Vibrio cholerae Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. Inaba RND18826 Vibrio ... Inaba RND18899 Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. L-3226 Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961 Vibrio cholerae O1 ... synonym for Ureaplasma urealyticum Vibrio cholerae biovar albensis VL426, synonym for Vibrio albensis VL426 Vibrio cholerae ... Ogawa RND19187 Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. Ogawa RND6878 Yersinia pestis biovar Antiqua Yersinia pestis biovar ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biovar
Hypochlorous acidHypochlorous acid
Strains of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae lacking Hsp33 were rendered especially sensitive to HClO. Hsp33 protected many ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid
List of German inventors and discoverersList of German inventors and discoverers
He became famous for isolating Bacillus anthracis (1877), the tuberculosis bacillus (1882), and Vibrio cholerae (1883), and for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_inventors_and_discoverers
Protein-sorting transpeptidaseProtein-sorting transpeptidase
"C-terminal processing of GlyGly-CTERM containing proteins by rhombosortase in Vibrio cholerae". PLOS Pathog. 14 (10): e1007341 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein-sorting_transpeptidase
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
... though the introduction of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae into Europe did not occur until the late 18th century. Another theory ... Cholera: ADP-ribosylation caused by cholera toxin results in increased production of cyclic AMP which in turn opens the CFTR ... Kavic SM, Frehm EJ, Segal AS (1999). "Case studies in cholera: lessons in medical history and science". The Yale Journal of ... "Re: Is there a connection between cystic fibrosis and cholera?". Pier GB, Grout M, Zaidi T, Meluleni G, Mueschenborn SS, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis_transmembrane_conductance_regulator
Ballast water discharge and the environmentBallast water discharge and the environment
A form of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, previously reported only in Bangladesh apparently arrived via ballast water in Peru in 1991 ... The International Maritime Organization (IMO) lists the ten most unwanted species as: Cholera Vibrio cholerae (various strains ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballast_water_discharge_and_the_environment
History of medicineHistory of medicine
He became famous for isolating Bacillus anthracis (1877), the Tuberculosis bacillus (1882) and Vibrio cholerae (1883) and for ... The massive cholera epidemic in Hamburg in 1892 devastated Pettenkoffer's position, and yielded German public health to "Koch's ... 87-. ISBN 978-0-387-72264-1. Ball L (May 2009). "Cholera and the pump on Broad Street: The life and legacy of John Snow" (PDF ... It was this insight that resulted in the removal of The Pump On Broad Street, after which deaths from cholera plummeted. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine
VibriocinVibriocin
Israil AM, Nacescu N, Ciufecu C, Stefanescu C (1983). "Studies on bacteriocin production by NAG-strains of Vibrio cholerae as a ... They have been used for abortive classification schemes of the vibrio, particularly to type various kinds of cholera, against ... Chakrabarty AN, Adhya S, Basu J, Dastidar SJ (1970). "Bacteriocin Typing of Vibrio cholerae". Infection and Immunity. 1 (3): ... "The development and application of a bacteriocinogenotyping scheme for Vibrio cholerae non-group O-1 strains". Zentralbl. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibriocin
Yfr2Yfr2
"The small RNA chaperone Hfq and multiple small RNAs control quorum sensing in Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio cholerae". Cell. 118 (1 ... Earlier studies noted a similarity to quorum sensing ncRNAs in Vibrio bacteria. The family can be divided into two subgroups, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yfr2
LarazotideLarazotide
This region coincided with a peptide product generated by Vibrio cholerae. The eight amino acid sequence in this region was ... Larazotide is an octapeptide whose structure is derived from a protein (zonula occludens toxin) secreted by Vibrio cholerae. It ... Larazotide acetate is a synthetic peptide based on a Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin called zonula occludens toxin that decreases ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larazotide
PlanktonPlankton
One such case is that of cholera, an infection caused by several strains of Vibrio cholerae. These species have been shown to ... Lipp, Erin K.; Huq, Anwar; Colwell, Rita R. (October 2002). "Effects of Global Climate on Infectious Disease: the Cholera Model ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankton
RpoFRpoF
... and sigma28-dependent flagellar gene transcription hierarchy of Vibrio cholerae". Molecular Microbiology. 39 (6): 1595-1609. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RpoF
Jennifer S. BrodbeltJennifer S. Brodbelt
"Amino acid addition to Vibrio cholerae LPS establishes a link between surface remodeling in Gram-positive and Gram-negative ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_S._Brodbelt
PlastispherePlastisphere
... a genus which includes the bacteria that cause cholera and other gastrointestinal ailments. Some species of Vibrio can glow, ... In their analysis, the researchers also found members of the genus Vibrio, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastisphere
Trevor PlattTrevor Platt
"Environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae: Challenges and opportunities for ocean-color remote sensing". Remote Sensing. 11 ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor_Platt
Dose (biochemistry)Dose (biochemistry)
100-1 billion bacteria cells Vibrio cholerae (Cholera): 1000-100,000,000 bacteria cells Typically, stomach acids can kill ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_(biochemistry)
Vibrio vulnificusVibrio vulnificus
Present in marine environments such as estuaries, brackish ponds, or coastal areas, V. vulnificus is related to V. cholerae, ... Vibrio vulnificus is a species of Gram-negative, motile, curved rod-shaped (bacillus), pathogenic bacteria of the genus Vibrio ... "Vibrio Species Causing Vibriosis". Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved June 5, 2017. "Vibrio vulnificus". NCBI Genome ... vulnificus at Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology CNN video on vibrio vulnificus Type strain of Vibrio vulnificus at ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_vulnificus
Roberto KolterRoberto Kolter
Watnick, P. I.; Kolter, R. (November 1999). "Steps in the development of a Vibrio cholerae El Tor biofilm". Molecular ... Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus subtilis. Microbial biofilms have since become a major field of microbiology, recognized as a ... "A role for the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin in biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae El Tor". Journal of Bacteriology. 181 ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Kolter
Aliivibrio fischeriAliivibrio fischeri
"Reclassification of Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio logei, Vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio wodanis as Aliivibrio fischeri gen. nov., comb ... cholerae. The genome for A. fischeri also carries mobile genetic elements. A. fischeri are globally distributed in temperate ... Other names: genbank synonym: Vibrio fischeri (Beijerinck 1889) Lehmann and Neumann 1896 (Approved Lists 1980) synonym: Vibrio ... Lupp, Claudia (2005). "Vibrio fischeri uses two quorum-sensing systems for the regulation of early and late colonization ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliivibrio_fischeri
FLP-FRT recombinationFLP-FRT recombination
... melanoster Photoreceptor Application of FLP in the mutatgenesis of Vibrio cholerae (Protein pages needing a picture, Genetics ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLP-FRT_recombination
GcvB RNAGcvB RNA
The GcvB RNA is found in a range of bacteria including: Escherichia coli Yersinia pestis Haemophilus influenzae Vibrio cholerae ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GcvB_RNA
SeawaterSeawater
Pathogenic viruses and bacteria occur in such waters, such as Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae the cause of cholera, hepatitis ... Alkalotolerant marine bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Vibrio spp. survive in a pH range of 7.3 to 10.6, while some species ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater
Sambhu Nath DeSambhu Nath De
... the animal model of cholera, and successfully demonstrated the method of transmission of cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae. ... coli and Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin: detection, characterization, and role of adherence" and "Characterization of cholera ... Followed by the discovery of Vibrio cholerae in 1884 by Robert Koch, many works have been carried out all over the world to ... De, S. N. and Chatterje, D. N. An experimental study of the mechanism of action of Vibrio cholerae on the intestinal mucous ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambhu_Nath_De
Cholera - Vibrio cholerae infection | Cholera | CDCCholera - Vibrio cholerae infection | Cholera | CDC
... caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, is rare in the United States and other industrialized nations. However, globally, ... cholera cases have increased steadily since 2005 and the disease still occurs in many places including Africa, Southeast Asia, ... Cholera, caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, is rare in the United States and other industrialized nations. Cholera can be ... Cholera Prevention Steps. If you live in or are visiting an area where cholera is occurring or has occurred, follow the five ...
http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/index.html
Browsing Regional Committee for Africa by Subject Vibrio choleraeBrowsing Regional Committee for Africa by Subject "Vibrio cholerae"
... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R ... Resurgence of cholera in the WHO African Region: current situation and way forward  ...
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/1640/browse?authority=Vibrio+cholerae&type=mesh
Vibrio choleraeVibrio cholerae
There was no cholera in Haiti until October 2010, when epidemic cholera swept the country. Within 6 months, more than 250,000 ... Vibrio cholerae - Genomics and Precision Health Blog ...
https://blogs.cdc.gov/genomics/tag/vibrio-cholerae/
Suchen nach Schlagwort Vibrio choleraeSuchen nach Schlagwort "Vibrio cholerae"
In the past decade the importance of non-O1 and non-O139 strains of Vibrio cholerae has been highlighted globally. This study ... Two cases of vibrio cholera non-O1/non-O139 septicaemia with favourable outcome in Lebanon  ... Isolation frequency and susceptibility pattern of non-O1 and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae in a tertiary health care laboratory, ... Risk assessment of choleragenic Vibrio cholerae 01 and 0139 in warm water shrimp for international trade: interpretative ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=de&authority=Vibrio+cholerae&type=mesh
Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)
Cholera is a disease of severe diarrhea and vomiting caused by a bacteria called Vibrio cholerae. V. cholerae live water and ... The title compares suffering from love with suffering from cholera. Ouch!. Famous people who died of it:. 1849: James K. Polk, ... In many parts of the world, its still a time of Cholera. Learn why theres no love lost for this infamous character. ... "Love in the Time of Cholera", a novel written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, actually had very little to do with the disease. ...
https://www.giantmicrobes.com/uk/products/cholera.html
Imported Cholera Associated with Toxigenic VibriocholeraeImported Cholera Associated with Toxigenic Vibriocholerae
Imported Cholera Associated with a Newly Described Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O139 Strain -- California, 1993 ... Imported Cholera Associated with a Newly Described Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O139 Strain -- California, 1993 MMWR 42(26);501- ... Large outbreak of clinical cholera due to Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in Bangladesh {Letter}. Lancet 1993;341:704.. *Bhattacharya MK ... cholerae O139 as cholera, in addition to cases of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 infection.. Second, the rapid spread of the V. ...
https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000305/p0000305.asp
Vibrio cholerae | Food Safety NewsVibrio cholerae | Food Safety News
Cholera Outbreak Linked to Florida Oyster Area. By Dan Flynn on May 11, 2011. ... Oyster Outbreak a First for Mild Strain of Cholera. By David Adlerstein on May 12, 2011. ... oysters that sickened at least 11 people during March and April were contaminated with an unusual but mild strain of cholera. ... Vibrio cholerae. Subscribe to Vibrio cholerae. China records Salmonella outbreak from contaminated water. By News Desk on May ...
https://www.foodsafetynews.com/tag/vibrio-cholerae/
WHO EMRO | Isolation frequency and susceptibility pattern of non-O1 and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae in a tertiary health care...
Vibrio cholerae O22 might be a putative source of exogenous DNA resulting in the emergence of the new strain of Vibrio cholerae ... Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroups and cholera-like diarrhea, Kolkata, India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Mar;19(3):464-7. ... Rudra S, Mahajan R, Mathur M, Kathuria K, Talwar V. Cluster of cases of clinical cholera due to Vibrio cholerae 010 in east ... 1), in developing countries Vibrio cholerae still remains the top cause of watery diarrhoea (2). V. cholerae is classified to ...
https://www.emro.who.int/ar/emhj-volume-22-2016/volume-22-issue-2/isolation-frequency-and-susceptibility-pattern-of-non-o1-and-non-o139-vibrio-cholerae-in-a-tertiary-health-care-laboratory-19992012.html
Erratum: A Vibrio cholerae autoinducer-receptor pair that controls biofilm formation | Nature Chemical BiologyErratum: A Vibrio cholerae autoinducer-receptor pair that controls biofilm formation | Nature Chemical Biology
Papenfort, K., Silpe, J., Schramma, K. et al. Erratum: A Vibrio cholerae autoinducer-receptor pair that controls biofilm ... Erratum: A Vibrio cholerae autoinducer-receptor pair that controls biofilm formation. *Kai Papenfort, ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/nchembio1017-1137a?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d22f0dda-687c-47b2-ac48-4edf032df459
RCSB PDB - 4KSR: Crystal Structure of the Vibrio cholerae ATPase GspE HexamerRCSB PDB - 4KSR: Crystal Structure of the Vibrio cholerae ATPase GspE Hexamer
Crystal Structure of the Vibrio cholerae ATPase GspE Hexamer ... Organism(s): Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961, ... Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961, Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14. This entity is chimeric. Mutation(s): 0 Gene ... Find proteins for P37093 (Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 (strain ATCC 39315 / El Tor Inaba N16961)) ... Hexamers of the Type II Secretion ATPase GspE from Vibrio cholerae with Increased ATPase Activity.. Lu, C., Turley, S., ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4KSR
Whole genome sequence of Vibrio cholerae directly from dried spotted filter paperWhole genome sequence of Vibrio cholerae directly from dried spotted filter paper
This provided valuable molecular epidemiological sequence information on V. cholerae strains from remote, low-resource settings ... Whole genome sequence of Vibrio cholerae directly from dried spotted filter paper PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 May 30;13(5): ... Recent studies demonstrated that stool specimens preserved on filter paper facilitate molecular analysis of Vibrio cholerae in ... Recent outbreaks, including Haiti and Yemen, are reminders that cholera is still a global health concern. Cholera outbreaks can ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31145741/
SCOP 1.63: Species: Vibrio choleraeSCOP 1.63: Species: Vibrio cholerae
Timeline for Species Vibrio cholerae [TaxId:666] from b.68.1.1 Vibrio cholerae sialidase: *Species Vibrio cholerae [TaxId:666] ... Species Vibrio cholerae [TaxId:666] from b.68.1.1 Vibrio cholerae sialidase appears in SCOP 1.61. *Species Vibrio cholerae [ ... from b.68.1.1 Vibrio cholerae sialidase appears in SCOP 1.65. *Species Vibrio cholerae [TaxId:666] from b.68.1.1 Vibrio ... More info for Species Vibrio cholerae [TaxId:666] from b.68.1.1 Vibrio cholerae sialidase. ...
http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=50951&ver=1.63
Vibrio cholerae - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedijaVibrio cholerae - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
Vibrio cholerae. Pacini 1854 Vibrio cholerae, starinsko Vibrio comma, je vrsta bacilov, ki povzročajo kolero.[1] Gre za rahlo ... "DNA sequence of both chromosomes of the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae". Nature. 406 (6795): 477-483. doi:10.1038/35020000. ... McLeod, S. M.; Kimsey, H. H.; Davis, B. M.; Waldor, M. K. (2005). "CTXφ and Vibrio cholerae: exploring a newly recognized type ... "Robert Koch and the cholera vibrio: a centenary". BMJ. 288 (6414): 379-381. doi:10.1136/bmj.288.6414.379. PMC 1444283. PMID ...
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae
Christopher Grim, PhD: Epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in the Genomics AgeChristopher Grim, PhD: Epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in the Genomics Age
Interbacterial competition and anti-predatory behavior of environmental Vibrio cholerae strains | bioRxivInterbacterial competition and anti-predatory behavior of environmental Vibrio cholerae strains | bioRxiv
Vibrio cholerae isolates responsible for cholera pandemics represent only a small portion of the diverse strains belonging to ... Interbacterial competition and anti-predatory behavior of environmental Vibrio cholerae strains. Natália C. Drebes Dörr, View ... Interbacterial competition and anti-predatory behavior of environmental Vibrio cholerae strains Message Subject (Your Name) has ... Indeed, most V. cholerae are encountered in aquatic environments. To better understand the emergence of pandemic lineages, it ...
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.220178v1.abstract
Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (Vibrio cholerae M66-2) | Protein Target - PubChemDelta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (Vibrio cholerae M66-2) | Protein Target - PubChem
Vibrio cholerae M66-2). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay ...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/C3LPU7
Vibrio cholerae O1 variant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, western Africa [letter] | Doctors Without Borders - USAVibrio cholerae O1 variant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, western Africa [letter] | Doctors Without Borders - USA
Vibrio cholerae O1 variant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, western Africa [letter]. ... Vibrio cholerae O1 variant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, western Africa [letter] ... Vibrio cholerae O1 variant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, western Africa [letter] ... Vibrio cholerae O1 variant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, western Africa [letter] ...
https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/vibrio-cholerae-o1-variant-reduced-susceptibility-ciprofloxacin-western-africa-letter
Frontiers | Altered Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) in Recent Vibrio cholerae O1 Isolated From Cholera Cases,...Frontiers | Altered Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) in Recent Vibrio cholerae O1 Isolated From Cholera Cases,...
SXT/R391 family is one of the ICEs extensively studied in cholera-causing pathogen Vibrio cholerae. The genetic characteristics ... We screened V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from cholera patients in Kolkata, India from 2008 to 2015 for antibiotic ... We screened V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from cholera patients in Kolkata, India during 2008-2015 for antibiotic ... The genetic characteristics of ICE-SXT/R391 in V. cholerae are dynamic and region-specific. These ICEs in V. cholerae are ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02072/full
Vibrio cholerae Pathogenic ClonesVibrio cholerae Pathogenic Clones
Title : Vibrio cholerae Pathogenic Clones Personal Author(s) : Salim, Anna;Lan, Ruiting;Reeves, Peter R.; Published Date : Nov ... Hybrid Vibrio vulnificus Cite CITE. Title : Hybrid Vibrio vulnificus Personal Author(s) : Bisharat, Naiel;Cohen, Daniel I.; ... We resolved the relationships between 2 pandemic clones of Vibrio cholerae. Using 26 housekeeping genes, we showed that the US ... Cholera Disease Outbreaks Evolution, Molecular Humans Molecular Sequence Data Mutation Recombination, Genetic Sequence Analysis ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15768
Three autoinducer molecules act in concert to control virulence gene expression in Vibrio choleraeThree autoinducer molecules act in concert to control virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae
In Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, quorum sensing is connected to virulence gene ... Three autoinducer molecules act in concert to control virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. In: Nucleic Acids Research ... Together, our data provide a global view on autoinducer interplay in V. cholerae and highlight the importance of RNA-based gene ... In this study, we demonstrate that the recently identified autoinducer, DPO, also controls AphA production in V. cholerae. DPO ...
https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83784/
Cholera (Vibrio cholerae O1/O139)| CDCCholera (Vibrio cholerae O1/O139)| CDC
Vibrio cholerae O1/O139) case definitions; uniform criteria used to define a disease for public health surveillance. ... Cholera (Vibrio cholerae O1/O139) , 1996 Case Definition. *Cholera (Vibrio cholerae O1/O139) , 1995 Case Definition ...
https://ndc.services.cdc.gov/?p=126623
Medical Science Monitor | Identification and characterization of phage PS166 lysogens from non-O1, O139 strains of Vibrio...Medical Science Monitor | Identification and characterization of phage PS166 lysogens from non-O1, O139 strains of Vibrio...
Results:In the present study, ten non-O1, O139 diarrheal isolates of Vibrio cholerae were examined for their ability to produce ... Material and Method:Ten non-O1, O139 clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae were induced by mitomycin C. Virulence profiles of ... In this regard bacteriophages of Vibrio cholerae are well known to be the carriers of pathogenic traits across various strains ... Conclusions:The evidences present here provide definite clues for a possible phage mediated emergence of newer Vibrio choleare ...
https://medscimonit.com/abstract/index/idArt/878206
Binding constant of riboswitch to cyclic dime - Bacteria Vibrio cholerae - BNID 110866Binding constant of riboswitch to cyclic dime - Bacteria Vibrio cholerae - BNID 110866
Bacteria Vibrio cholerae. Reference. Sudarsan N, Lee ER, Weinberg Z, Moy RH, Kim JN, Link KH, Breaker RR. 2008. Riboswitches in ... Biochemical and genetic analyses were carried out with both V. cholerae GEMM RNAs to determine whether they function as ...
https://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&v=5&id=110866
Expansion of the SOS regulon of Vibrio cholerae through extensive transcriptome analysis and experimental validation | BMC...Expansion of the SOS regulon of Vibrio cholerae through extensive transcriptome analysis and experimental validation | BMC...
Here, we perform whole transcriptome sequencing from Vibrio cholerae treated with mitomycin C as an SOS inducer to characterize ... This study allowed for expansion of the Vibrio SOS regulon, as twelve genes (ubiEJB, tatABC, smpA, cep, VC0091, VC1190, VC1369- ... The full complement of genes in the SOS regulon for Vibrio species has only been addressed through bioinformatic analyses ... We show that genotoxic stress induces a pervasive transcriptional response, affecting almost 20% of the V. cholerae genes. We ...
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-018-4716-8/figures/2
An Epidemiological Risk Assessment Of Vibrio Cholera - free-essays.usAn Epidemiological Risk Assessment Of Vibrio Cholera - free-essays.us
The pathogen is responsible for transmittal of cholera, an infective disease claiming ... Vibrio cholera pathogen has inauspicious wellness jeopardies, particularly in developing states in Africa. It is normally found ... Hazards associated With Vibrio Cholera. Harmonizing to Finch, Morris, Kaviti, Kagwanja & A ; Levine ( 1988 ) , vibrio cholera ... An Epidemiological Risk Assessment Of Vibrio Cholera * Accounting An Epidemiological Risk Assessment Of Vibrio Cholera. 973 ...
https://free-essays.us/an-epidemiological-risk-assessment-of-vibrio-cholera
Figures and data in Crash landing of Vibrio cholerae by MSHA pili-assisted braking and anchoring in a viscoelastic environment ...Figures and data in Crash landing of Vibrio cholerae by MSHA pili-assisted braking and anchoring in a viscoelastic environment ...
Crash landing of Vibrio cholerae by MSHA pili-assisted braking and anchoring in a viscoelastic environment. ... Crash landing of Vibrio cholerae by MSHA pili-assisted braking and anchoring in a viscoelastic environment ... Crash landing of Vibrio cholerae by MSHA pili-assisted braking and anchoring in a viscoelastic environment ...
https://elifesciences.org/articles/60655v1/figures
Special Seminar - Benjamin Kostiuk: Changes in competitiveness of the bacterium |i|Vibrio cholerae|/i| across pandemics | Max...
The Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera. Unknown factors led to the ... Special Seminar - Benjamin Kostiuk: Changes in competitiveness of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae across pandemics. ... Special Seminar - Benjamin Kostiuk: Changes in competitiveness of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae across pandemics ... The type six secretion system (T6SS) is one mechanism that allows V. cholerae to persist in the environment and in the host. We ...
https://www.evolbio.mpg.de/events/19143/3036820
Vibrio cholerae O139 genomes provide a clue to why it may have failed to usher in the eighth cholera pandemic.
... ... 2022). Vibrio cholerae O139 genomes provide a clue to why it may have failed to usher in the eighth cholera pandemic.. Nat ... In 1992, a newly identified O139 Vibrio cholerae temporarily displaced the O1 serogroup. No study has been able to answer why ... Cholera is a life-threatening infectious disease that remains an important public health issue in several low and middle-income ...
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/338788
BacteriaO139BacteriumIsolatesInfectionToxinOutbreaksCases of choleraSerogroupCausative agent2022GenesPathogen Vibrio choleraeEndemicInfectionsOutbreakHuman pathogenVaccineOrganismEmergencePandemicSpecies VibrioCentersControls biofilm formationEpidemicAntimicrobialSevere choleraBiofilm formationGenomeWorld Health OrganStrainDiarrheaIsolateBacterialToxinsAfricaEnterotoxin0139Virulence factorsEnteric pathogensCampylobacterActive cholera transmissionVaccinesDiseaseHistory of choleraPathogenicityWatery diarrhoeaToxigenic strainsSymptomsPathogenic
Bacteria19
  • Cholera, caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae , is rare in the United States and other industrialized nations. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholera is a disease of severe diarrhea and vomiting caused by a bacteria called Vibrio cholerae. (giantmicrobes.com)
  • Here, we studied the interaction of environmental V. cholerae with eukaryotic predators or competing bacteria and tested the contributions of the hemolysin and the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to those interactions. (biorxiv.org)
  • Cholera is caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most people infected with V. cholerae do not develop any symptoms, although the bacteria are present in their faeces for 1-10 days after infection and are shed back into the environment, potentially infecting other people. (who.int)
  • The cholera bacteria brutal way of doing this. (thelabworldgroup.com)
  • Vibrio cholerae, which causes the diarrheal disease cholera, is a species of bacteria commonly found in aquatic habitats. (unamur.be)
  • Cholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae . (healthline.com)
  • The majority of people exposed to cholera bacteria never become ill. (healthline.com)
  • According to the WHO , people who are symptomatic typically develop symptoms 12 hours to 5 days after ingesting cholera bacteria. (healthline.com)
  • Once you've contracted cholera, you'll continue to shed the bacteria in your stools for 1 to 10 days, regardless of whether you have symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • Cholera is caused by the bacteria V. cholerae . (healthline.com)
  • Cholera bacteria cannot live in highly acidic environments. (healthline.com)
  • If you eat shellfish that come from waters contaminated with cholera bacteria, there's a greater chance of you contracting cholera. (healthline.com)
  • Cholera is a disease spread by drinking water or eating food contaminated with toxigenic Vibrio cholerae bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • The official LifeStraw filters 1,000 liters of water and removes 99.99% of bacteria and protozoa, including e-coli, campylobacter, vibrio cholera, salmonella and more. (askmen.com)
  • Scanning electron microscope image of Vibrio cholerae bacteria, which infect the digestive system. (ucsd.edu)
  • Cholera is caused by the vibrio cholera bacteria found in dirty or sewerage water. (who.int)
  • At a concentration of 40 percent, honey has a bactericidal effect on various intestinal bacteria known to cause diarrhea and dysentery such as Salmonella, Shigella and enteric pathogens like E. coli and Vibrio cholera. (iqsoft.in)
O13921
  • In the past decade the importance of non-O1 and non-O139 strains of Vibrio cholerae has been highlighted globally. (who.int)
  • This report documents the first case of cholera imported into the United States that was caused by this organism, the newly described toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O139 strain. (cdc.gov)
  • Testing at CDC identified the isolate as toxigenic V. cholerae serogroup O139, resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. (cdc.gov)
  • These strains could not be identified as any of the 138 known types of V. cholerae and have been designated as a new serogroup, O139 (5). (cdc.gov)
  • Descriptions of the symptoms associated with V. cholerae O139 infection suggest it is indistinguishable from cholera caused by V. cholerae O1 and should be treated with the same rapid fluid replacement (7). (cdc.gov)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of non-O1 and non-O139 V. cholerae in Pakistan. (who.int)
  • Data of stool specimens yielding growth of non-O1 and non-O139 V. cholerae isolated at a national referral laboratory from 1999 to 2012 were retrospectively analysed and evaluated for resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole and ofloxacin. (who.int)
  • A total of 95 800 stool samples submitted over 1999-2012 yielded 3668 strains of V. cholerae, of which 6% were non-O1 and non-O139 V. cholerae. (who.int)
  • RÉSUMÉ Au cours des dix dernières années, l'importance des souches de Vibrio cholerae non-O1 et non-O139 a été mise en avant à l'échelle mondiale. (who.int)
  • La présente étude visait à évaluer la fréquence de l'isolation des souches de Vibrio cholerae non-O1 et non-O139 et leur profil de sensibilité aux antimicrobiens au Pakistan. (who.int)
  • Les données d'échantillons de selles ayant permis la croissance de V. cholerae non-O1 et non-O139 isolés dans un laboratoire national spécialisé entre 1999 et 2012 ont été analysées et évaluées rétrospectivement pour leur résistance à l'ampicilline, la tétracycline, au chloramphénicol, au co-trimoxazole et à l'ofloxacine. (who.int)
  • Au total, 95 800 échantillons de selles soumis entre 1999 et 2012 ont produit 3668 souches de V. cholerae, parmi lesquelles 6 % étaient des souches de V. cholerae non-O1 et non-O139. (who.int)
  • In recent years, non-O1, O139 serogroups of Vibrio cholerae have become a major source of pathogenic infection. (medscimonit.com)
  • Ten non-O1, O139 clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae were induced by mitomycin C. Virulence profiles of those isolates were determined by multiplex PCR. (medscimonit.com)
  • In the present study, ten non-O1, O139 diarrheal isolates of Vibrio cholerae were examined for their ability to produce infectious phage particles out of which two strains, PG128 and PG130 were found to be positive. (medscimonit.com)
  • Vibrio cholerae O139 genomes provide a clue to why it may have failed to usher in the eighth cholera pandemic. (cam.ac.uk)
  • In 1992, a newly identified O139 Vibrio cholerae temporarily displaced the O1 serogroup. (cam.ac.uk)
  • No study has been able to answer why the potential eighth cholera pandemic (8CP) causing V. cholerae O139 emerged so successfully and then died out. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The choice of antibiotics is determined by the susceptibility patterns of the local strains of V cholerae O1 or O139. (medscape.com)
  • Of the more than 200 "O" serogroups of this pathogen, O1 and O139 cause cholera outbreaks and epidemics. (elsevier.com)
  • In Malaysia, cholera outbreaks caused by the El Tor O1 V. cholerae serogroup occur periodically, cases from the 0139 serogroup occur sporadically, and the non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae serogroup has not been implicated in any major outbreak ( 2 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Bacterium9
  • The Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera. (mpg.de)
  • Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . (who.int)
  • As an autochthonous bacterium in the environment and as a human pathogen, V. cholerae maintains its survival and proliferation in these two niches. (elsevier.com)
  • Vibrio cholerae CIP 106972 is a mesophilic bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae. (dsmz.de)
  • An infection of the small intestine by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae, causes a diarrheal disease called Cholera. (thelabworldgroup.com)
  • Different strains of the bacterium from all over the world were grown by an Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne team led by Melanie Blokesch in order to learn how Vibrio Cholerae compete for survival. (thelabworldgroup.com)
  • We focused on the regulators LuxO and HapR because homologues of these two proteins control quorum sensing in the closely related luminous marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi. (princeton.edu)
  • The bacterium Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera and is responsible for seven known pandemics. (phys.org)
  • Cholera is an illness caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is contracted by eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water. (humanillnesses.com)
Isolates7
  • V. cholerae isolates from other serogroups (i.e., non-O1) were recognized as causes of sporadic diarrheal and invasive infections but were not considered to have epidemic potential. (cdc.gov)
  • Whole genome sequencing (WGS) recovered close to a complete sequence of the V. cholerae O1 genome with satisfactory genome coverage from stool specimens enriched in alkaline peptone water (APW) and V. cholerae culture isolates, both spotted on filter paper. (nih.gov)
  • Vibrio cholerae isolates responsible for cholera pandemics represent only a small portion of the diverse strains belonging to this species. (biorxiv.org)
  • State public health laboratories should submit Vibrio cholerae isolates to CDC as soon as possible. (cdc.gov)
  • PCRs targeting ompW , hlyA , rfb , ctxA , toxR , tcpI , rtxC , rstR , and tcpA genes as described ( 6 , 7 ) were run in parallel to confirm and characterize V. cholerae isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of the confirmed V. cholerae isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • On the basis of conventional biochemical tests and PCR, 37 isolates from the rectal swab samples and 1 isolate from the washroom swab sample of ice factory B were confirmed as V. cholerae, showing an isolation rate of 48.0% for the clinical samples and 1.9% for the environmental samples. (cdc.gov)
Infection11
  • Cholera is a bacterial infection of the small intestine that causes a large amount of watery diarrhea. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People develop the infection from eating or drinking food or water that contains the cholera germ. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This chapter will highlight recent insights into V. cholerae biofilms including their structure, ecological role in environmental survival and infection , regulatory systems that control them, and biomechanical insights into the nature of V. cholerae biofilms . (bvsalud.org)
  • Only about 1 in 10 infected people develop the typical signs and symptoms of cholera, usually within a few days of infection. (who.int)
  • To initiate the infection, V. cholerae must colonize the small intestine after successfully passing through the acid barrier in the stomach and survive in the presence of bile and antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal lumen and mucus, respectively. (elsevier.com)
  • The innate host immune response to V. cholerae infection includes activation of several immune protein complexes, receptor-mediated signaling pathways, and other bactericidal proteins. (elsevier.com)
  • Cholera is an acute specific infection caused by the organism, Vibrio cholera. (seafdec.org)
  • State health departments should report all cases of Vibrio infection to CDC by emailing [email protected] using the Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance Report form . (cdc.gov)
  • Ibuprofen augments pro-inflammatory cytokine release and increases mortality in a mouse model of Vibrio vulnificus infection. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • That said, if you observe proper food safety practices or take preventive measures, the risk of infection is minor, even in places where cholera is endemic . (healthline.com)
  • Evidence of replacement of treatable V. cholerae infection in the region with antimicrobial-resistant strains calls for increased surveillance and prevention measures. (cdc.gov)
Toxin9
  • V. cholerae live water and make a toxin that attacks the small intestine. (giantmicrobes.com)
  • The isolate produced cholera toxin by Y-1 adrenal cell assay and latex agglutination in the California State Public Health Laboratory. (cdc.gov)
  • The genomic data confirmed the presence or absence of genes of epidemiological interest, including cholera toxin and pilus loci. (nih.gov)
  • Vibrio cholerae NRT36S is a non-cholera toxin-producing, non-O1 strain that causes diarrhea in volunteers. (elsevier.com)
  • The organisms produce a powerful enterotoxin (cholera toxin) which comprises two subunits A and B. The B subunit binds to receptors on the intestinal cell, enabling the A subunit to enter the cells. (gulpmatrix.com)
  • The production of virulence factors including cholera toxin and the toxin-coregulated pilus in the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. (princeton.edu)
  • The disease's deadly effects are the result of cholera toxin (CTX), a strong toxin that's produced in the small intestine by V. cholerae . (healthline.com)
  • ace (accessory cholera enterotoxin) which is a minor coat protein, zot (zonula occludens toxin) responsible for maturation and ctxAB without a known function in the phage replication cycle, but whose product is the cholera A-B enterotoxin (CT). (ictv.global)
  • Hepatitis B surface antigen is produced in tobacco, rabies virus glycoprotein is produced in tomato, cholera toxin P-subunit is being produced in potato and tobacco. (biologydiscussion.com)
Outbreaks10
  • CDC responds to cholera outbreaks across the world using its Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) expertise. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent outbreaks, including Haiti and Yemen, are reminders that cholera is still a global health concern. (nih.gov)
  • Cholera outbreaks can rapidly induce high death tolls by overwhelming the capacity of health facilities, especially in remote areas or areas of civil unrest. (nih.gov)
  • These results identified the presence of co-infecting pathogens while providing rare insight into the specific V. cholerae strains causing outbreaks in cholera-endemic areas. (nih.gov)
  • When outbreaks of cholera occur, efforts should be made to establish clean water, food, and sanitation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Many countries in the Southeast Asia Region face challenges with known risk factors for cholera outbreaks including poverty, lack of development, and high population density. (cdc.gov)
  • Safe oral cholera vaccines should be used in conjunction with improvements in water and sanitation to control cholera outbreaks and for prevention in areas known to be high risk for cholera. (who.int)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified an unprecedented global increase of cholera infections, with large outbreaks currently occurring in Haiti, Malawi, and Syria. (cdc.gov)
  • Although cholera in travelers is rare and sustained community transmission in the United States is unlikely, widespread cholera outbreaks in other countries highlight the need for clinicians in the United States to be prepared to treat travelers with cholera (JAMA 1994;272:1203) , as they could arrive in the United States at any time. (cdc.gov)
  • Floods contribute to contamination of water sources as well as disruption of health services which are precursors of cholera outbreaks. (who.int)
Cases of cholera6
  • The World Health Organization estimates that officially reported cases of cholera represent only 5-10% of the actual number occurring annually worldwide because of inadequate laboratory and epidemiological surveillance systems and economic, social and political disincentives to case reporting. (cdc.gov)
  • Cases of cholera officially reported to WHO in Southeast Asia do not include an estimated 500,000-700,000 cases labeled as acute watery diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers have estimated that each year there are 1.3 to 4.0 million cases of cholera, and 21 000 to 143 000 deaths worldwide due to cholera 1 . (who.int)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO) , there are between 1.3 and 4 million cases of cholera worldwide each year, leading to between 21,000 and 143,000 deaths. (healthline.com)
  • From 2010 through 2014, 91 cases of cholera were confirmed in the United States among people who had traveled internationally in the week before illness onset. (cdc.gov)
  • 14 June 2018 - The Ministry of Health of Somalia has announced 396 new cases of cholera, including one associated deaths for week 22 (28 May to 3 June) of 2018. (who.int)
Serogroup5
  • Until 1993, the only recognized causes of epidemic cholera were V. cholerae strains that were part of serogroup O1. (cdc.gov)
  • A total of 524 genes are differentially expressed in classical and El Tor strains, the two biotypes of V. cholerae serogroup O1. (elsevier.com)
  • Using this application, 68 structural O-antigen gene clusters belonging to 49 serogroups of V. cholerae were classified, and the composition of the genes within the O-antigen cluster of each serogroup was identified. (figshare.com)
  • This recently identified serogroup is the cause of a cholera epidemic which began in Bengal in 1992 and has now spread to much of Southeast Asia and the Far East. (gulpmatrix.com)
  • Vaxchora (cholera vaccine) - Use for immunization against Vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 expanded to include children aged 2 years and older. (medscape.com)
Causative agent4
  • In Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, quorum sensing is connected to virulence gene expression via the two autoinducer molecules, AI-2 and CAI-1. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Understanding the ecology, evolution, and environmental adaptation of the causative agent (Vibrio cholerae) and tracking the emergence of novel lineages with pathogenic potential are essential to combat the problem. (nus.edu.sg)
  • The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of severe diarrheal disease known as cholera. (elsevier.com)
  • Vibrio cholerae , the causative agent of cholera, is endemic in many parts of the world, especially in countries that lack clean water supplies and adequate public health facilities ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
20222
  • http://lsm1.amebis.si/lsmeds/novPogoj.aspx?pPogoj=Vibrio%20cholerae od dne oktober 2022 [ slepa povezava ] , Slovenski medicinski e-slovar, vpogled: 22. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus far in 2022, 8 travelers with cholera have returned to the United States from Pakistan, Iraq, and Bangladesh. (cdc.gov)
Genes5
  • We screened V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from cholera patients in Kolkata, India from 2008 to 2015 for antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of ICEs, and subsequently sequenced their conserved genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Transcriptome analyses comparing the effect of single autoinducers versus autoinducer combinations show that quorum sensing controls the expression of approximate to 400 genes in V. cholerae and that all three autoinducers are required for a full quorum sensing response. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The quorum-sensing cascade we have identified in V. cholerae regulates the transcription of genes involved in exopolysaccharide production (EPS), and variants that produce EPS and form biofilms arise at high frequency from non-EPS, non-biofilm producing strains. (princeton.edu)
  • Template DNA was also prepared directly from the water samples as described ( 6 ) for detection of viable but nonculturable V. cholerae and its virulence genes. (cdc.gov)
  • The principle involves, the development of trans-genic plants, containing subunits of toxic virus sequences or enterotoxin genes of bacte-ria like E. coli or Vibrio cholerae. (biologydiscussion.com)
Pathogen Vibrio cholerae1
  • SXT/R391 family is one of the ICEs extensively studied in cholera-causing pathogen Vibrio cholerae . (frontiersin.org)
Endemic8
  • tion have established favorable conditions for travel-asso- ciated cholera from regions to which it is endemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on the genetic structure, Kolkata strains of V. cholerae O1 had distinct genetic traits different from the ICEs reported in other cholera endemic regions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Little overlap was found in lineage compositions between those in Dhaka, Bangladesh (where cholera is endemic), located in the Ganges Delta, and those in Falmouth, MA (no known history of cholera), a small coastal town on the United States east coast. (nus.edu.sg)
  • In this study, we investigated the population dynamics of Vibrio cholerae in an inland locality, which is known as endemic for cholera, and compared them with those of a cholera-free coastal location. (nus.edu.sg)
  • We found the consistent presence of the pandemic-generating lineage of V. cholerae in Dhaka, where cholera is endemic, and an exclusive presence of a lineage phylogenetically distinct from other V. cholerae lineages. (nus.edu.sg)
  • Cholerae causes cholera which is endemic in about 80 countries. (gulpmatrix.com)
  • In endemic cholera, young children are more commonly infected than adults. (gulpmatrix.com)
  • Records of relevant Phase I, II, III, or IV clinical trials were included if they 1) provided data on the current formulation and dose of CVD 103-HgR, 2) involved human subjects aged 2-17 years, 3) reported primary data relevant to the efficacy and safety outcomes, and 4) were conducted in cholera non-endemic settings. (cdc.gov)
Infections4
  • Gotuzzo E, Seas C. Cholera and other vibrio infections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • With the discovery that 48% of cholera infections in rural Bangladesh villages could be prevented by simple filtration of unpurified waters and the detection of Vibrio cholerae aggregates in stools from cholera patients it was realized V. cholerae biofilms had a central function in cholera pathogenesis . (bvsalud.org)
  • It is estimated that V. cholerae annually causes millions of infections and over 100,000 deaths. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many V. cholerae infections are mild and do not progress to severe cholera. (gulpmatrix.com)
Outbreak9
  • Travelers, public health, medical professionals, and outbreak responders should be aware of areas with high rates of cholera, know how the disease spreads, and what to do to prevent it. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholera outbreak in Haiti, following a devastating earthquake. (giantmicrobes.com)
  • There is a cholera vaccine available for adults ages 18 to 64 who are traveling to an area with an active cholera outbreak. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Countries affected by war, poverty, and natural disasters are at the greatest risk of a cholera outbreak. (healthline.com)
  • If you've already had the vaccine and are going to be in a country that's experiencing an active cholera outbreak, you may need a booster. (healthline.com)
  • A cholera outbreak in Terengganu, Malaysia, in November 2009 was caused by 2 El Tor Vibrio cholerae variants resistant to typical antimicrobial drugs. (cdc.gov)
  • In November 2009, a cholera outbreak occurred in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholera outbreak in Yemen continues while cases increase in recent time. (who.int)
  • There has been a recurrence of Cholera and Hepatitis-E outbreak in Namibia and Africa at large with many associated fatalities recorded. (who.int)
Human pathogen2
  • Together, our data provide a global view on autoinducer interplay in V. cholerae and highlight the importance of RNA-based gene control for collective functions in this major human pathogen. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The possible association with human populations and coexistence and interaction with toxigenic V. cholerae in the natural environment make this potential human pathogen an important subject for future studies. (nus.edu.sg)
Vaccine12
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not recommend the cholera vaccine for most travelers because most people do not travel to areas where cholera is present. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Travelers to cholera-affected regions should receive a cholera vaccine. (medscape.com)
  • The cholera vaccine Vaxchora is the only one approved by the FDA for cholera prevention. (medscape.com)
  • It is a live, weakened vaccine administered as a single, oral liquid dose of about three fluid ounces at least 10 days before travel to a cholera-affected region. (medscape.com)
  • A single-dose vaccine is especially beneficial to a person who needs to travel to a cholera-affected region on short notice. (medscape.com)
  • 1 The policy question was "Should ACIP recommend lyophilized CVD 103-HgR vaccine for children and adolescents aged 2-17 years traveling to an area with active cholera transmission? (cdc.gov)
  • The potential benefits pre-specified by the ACIP Cholera Vaccine Work Group were moderate to severe cholera diarrhea (critical) and cholera diarrhea of any severity (critical). (cdc.gov)
  • Regarding benefits, no studies of CVD 103-HgR in children and adolescents aged 2-17 years directly assessed vaccine efficacy or effectiveness against cholera diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
  • No conflicts of interest were reported by CDC and ACIP Cholera Vaccine Work Group members involved in the GRADE analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholera can be prevented by heeding food and water precautions and receiving cholera vaccine before travel. (cdc.gov)
  • Review CDC resources on the epidemiology of cholera vaccine to use in clinical decision making about offering vaccine to patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Discuss cholera vaccine recommendations and CDC resources for cholera vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Organism1
  • Epidemics of cholera-like illness caused by a previously unrecognized organism occurred recently in southern Asia (1). (cdc.gov)
Emergence5
  • The emergence of this new cause of epidemic cholera represents an important shift in the epidemiology of this infectious disease (6). (cdc.gov)
  • The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) V. cholerae , especially those resistant to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, has been reported since the 1980s ( Ghosh and Ramamurthy, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The evidences present here provide definite clues for a possible phage mediated emergence of newer Vibrio choleare pathogens. (medscimonit.com)
  • Given the continued emergence of cholera in areas that lack access to clean water , such as Haiti after the 2010 earthquake or the ongoing Yemen civil war , increasing our understanding of cholera disease remains a worldwide public health priority. (bvsalud.org)
  • This work, therefore, describes new mechanisms that provide the pathogen with a fitness advantage in its primary habitat, which may have contributed to the emergence of these minor virulence factors in the species V. cholerae. (unamur.be)
Pandemic8
  • WGS demonstrated that these specimens fit within the current global cholera phylogenetic tree, identifying the strains as the 7th pandemic El Tor. (nih.gov)
  • We investigated the ability of classical V. cholerae strains of the 2nd and 6th pandemics to engage in microbial competition and tested their defense against T6SS-mediated attack compared to their 7th pandemic counterparts. (mpg.de)
  • Most efforts to understand the biology of Vibrio cholerae have focused on a single group, the pandemic-generating lineage harboring the strains responsible for all known cholera pandemics. (nus.edu.sg)
  • We are currently in the seventh cholera pandemic , caused by O1 serotypes of the El Tor biotypes strains , which initiated in 1961. (bvsalud.org)
  • The surveillance and treatment of cholera is also affected as the world is impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, raising significant concerns in Africa . (bvsalud.org)
  • The arrangement and location of the CTX prophage and related elements of the seventh cholera pandemic strains were also revealed. (figshare.com)
  • cholerae 01 El Tor is the cause of the current 7 th cholera pandemic which started in Indonesia in 1961, spreading rapidly to Bangladesh, India , Iran, Iraq, and in 1970 to West Africa from where it spread to East, Central and South Africa. (gulpmatrix.com)
  • The seventh cholera pandemic began in 1961 and is still active. (phys.org)
Species Vibrio1
  • Population Analysis of Vibrio cholerae in Aquatic Reservoirs Reveals a Novel Sister Species (Vibrio paracholerae sp. (nus.edu.sg)
Centers3
  • The only other existing cholera-prevention vaccines require 2 doses, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (medscape.com)
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), only around 10 percent of people with cholera have severe symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • Of the 193 stool samples so far collected from six cholera treatment centers (CTCs) in four regions since the beginning of the year, 63 tested positive for Vibrio cholera. (who.int)
Controls biofilm formation1
  • Quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae. (princeton.edu)
Epidemic5
  • Ectypa contains an ap- cholerae O1 El Tor, Russia pendix written in Catalan with the measures to take during an epidemic, whereas in Epidemiologìa, this appendix was written in Spanish. (cdc.gov)
  • There was no cholera in Haiti until October 2010, when epidemic cholera swept the country. (cdc.gov)
  • In October 1992, an epidemic of cholera-like illness began in Madras, India, associated with an atypical strain of V. cholerae (2). (cdc.gov)
  • Although the extent of the ongoing epidemic in southern Asia is unclear, this strain is now associated with epidemic cholera-like illness along a 1000-mile coastline of the Bay of Bengal (from Madras, India, to Bangladesh) and appears to have largely replaced V. cholerae O1 strains in affected areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Several other serogroups of V. cholerae cause diarrhoeal disease but not epidemic cholera. (gulpmatrix.com)
Antimicrobial2
  • Antimicrobial therapy for cholera is an adjunct to fluid therapy and is not an essential therapeutic component. (medscape.com)
  • If antimicrobial therapy is to be initiated, it should be given when the patient is first seen and cholera is suspected. (medscape.com)
Severe cholera2
  • However, an effective antibiotic can reduce the volume of diarrhea in patients with severe cholera and shorten the period during which Vibrio cholerae O1 is excreted. (medscape.com)
  • Severe cholera is characterized by large amounts of watery diarrhea, often described as "rice-water stool" because it can have a pale, milky appearance. (cdc.gov)
Biofilm formation3
  • Multiple quorum-sensing circuits function in parallel to control virulence and biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae. (princeton.edu)
  • In contrast to other bacterial pathogens that induce virulence factor production and/or biofilm formation at high cell density in the presence of quorum-sensing autoinducers, V. cholerae represses these behaviours at high cell density. (princeton.edu)
  • In addition to the importance of biofilm formation in its life cycle , V. cholerae has become a key model system for understanding bacterial signal transduction networks that regulate biofilm formation and discovering fundamental principles about bacterial surface attachment and biofilm maturation. (bvsalud.org)
Genome3
  • The bottom track shows gene annotation in the Vibrio cholerae genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, no Vibrio cholerae genome-based trait identification tools currently exist. (figshare.com)
  • The aim of this study was to develop a web-based prediction tool to identify Vibrio pathogenic traits using publicly available 796 whole-genome sequences of V. cholerae. (figshare.com)
World Health Organ1
  • World Health Organization ( 1999 ) classifies cholera as one of the most quickly known fatal diseases in Africa, whereby a healthy individual may go hypertensive within one hr after the symptoms start attesting and decease within 2- 3 hours if he goes untreated. (free-essays.us)
Strain3
  • The raw Florida oysters that sickened at least 11 people during March and April were contaminated with an unusual but mild strain of cholera. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Transformation of the Vibrio cholerae strain C6706 with the IncA/C plasmid pVC211 resulted in a significant relabelling of the methylation patterns on the host chromosomes. (pacb.com)
  • We also acknowledge J. Mekalanos (Harvard) for strain C6706 (original stock) and former members of the Blokesch lab for provision of genetically engineered V. cholerae strains. (unamur.be)
Diarrhea5
  • Clinicians evaluating patients with acute onset of watery diarrhea should obtain a travel history, consider cholera in patients returning from affected regions, obtain a stool specimen for testing, and begin prompt treatment . (cdc.gov)
  • People who develop watery diarrhea within 5 days after being in any country where cholera is occurring should seek medical care immediately and inform the clinician about their travel history. (cdc.gov)
  • This result in the secretion of large volumes of fluid and electrolytes into the lumen of the intestine and the severe almost continuous watery diarrhea associated with cholera. (gulpmatrix.com)
  • Most people with cholera have few or no symptoms, but some will experience severe diarrhea and dehydration. (healthline.com)
  • When V. cholerae attaches to the walls of the small intestine, the body begins to secrete large amounts of water, leading to diarrhea and the rapid loss of fluids and salts. (healthline.com)
Isolate2
  • The isolate was identified as V. cholerae non-O1. (cdc.gov)
  • Specimens: A faecal specimen is required to test directly for Vibrio cholerae antigen (see later text), and to isolate Vibrio cholerae in culture. (gulpmatrix.com)
Bacterial2
  • Analysis of available V. cholerae genomes over a timeline spanning 150 years provides insight into the role of T6SS in bacterial competition across pandemics. (mpg.de)
  • Materials & Methods We investigated the inhibitory activities of NAIs (oseltamivir, zanamivir, DANA, katsumadain A and remazol) as well as non-NAIs (amantadine, nucleozin and rifampicin) on influenzaviral and bacterial ( Streptococcus pneumoniae , Clostridium perfringens and Vibrio cholerae ) neuraminidases (NAs) with chemiluminescence (CL)- and fluorescence (FL)-based assays. (medscape.com)
Toxins2
  • Vibrio cholera produces cholera toxins, the theoretical account enterotoxins that act on mucosal epithelial tissue to do characteristic diarrhoea of the disease cholera, transmitted to human existences through H2O or nutrient. (free-essays.us)
  • Scientists have discovered that Vibrio Cholerae implants toxins into the cells around by using a tiny spear and then takes their DNA. (thelabworldgroup.com)
Africa8
  • Vibrio cholera pathogen has inauspicious wellness jeopardies, particularly in developing states in Africa. (free-essays.us)
  • The pathogen is responsible for transmittal of cholera, an infective disease claiming lives of many people in Africa. (free-essays.us)
  • This paper looks at epidemiological hazard appraisal for vibrio cholera, discoursing the wellness jeopardies associated with the pathogen in Africa. (free-essays.us)
  • Vibrio cholera has remained a serious wellness jeopardy in Sub- Saharan Africa, claiming lives of 1000s of hapless people infected yearly. (free-essays.us)
  • Furthermore, statistics indicate that Sub- Saharan Africa has the highest reported cholera incidences and mortality rates in the universe, with estimated 108, 535 cholera instances reported yearly, which is more than 3 times the figure in the remainder of the universe combined. (free-essays.us)
  • Cholera is hence a disease associated with hapless sanitation, whose epidemics in Africa are linked to ingestion of nutrient and H2O from insecure beginnings such as lakes and rivers. (free-essays.us)
  • Similar to Africa, improving global access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is a critical step to reducing cholera in the Southeast Asia region. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1997 - 1998, 80% of the global total of cholera cases was reported from countries in the Horn of Africa due to exceptionally heavy rainfall and floods. (gulpmatrix.com)
Enterotoxin1
  • This is due to presence of cholera enterotoxin, that activates adenylate cyclase enzyme situated within the cells in the bowels. (free-essays.us)
01393
  • Cholera due to V. cholerae 0139 has been reported from China, Saudi Arabia and eleven countries in South Asia. (gulpmatrix.com)
  • cholerae 01 and 0139 causes secretory non-inflammatory diarrhoeal disease . (gulpmatrix.com)
  • V. cholerae 0139, unlike V. cholerae 01, is capsulated. (gulpmatrix.com)
Virulence factors1
  • This article presents an overview of regulation of important virulence factors in V. cholerae and host response in the context of pathogenesis. (elsevier.com)
Enteric pathogens2
  • This is an excellent transport and enrichment medium of Vibrio cholerae (not suitable for other enteric pathogens). (gulpmatrix.com)
  • Cary-Blair transport medium should be used when Vibrio cholerae and other enteric pathogens are to be cultured. (gulpmatrix.com)
Campylobacter1
  • Consulta mixta FAO/OMS de expertos sobre la evaluación de riesgos asociados a los peligros microbiológicos en los alimentos : identificación de peligros, evaluación de exposición y caracterización de peligros de Campylobacter spp. (who.int)
Active cholera transmission1
  • 1 The policy question was "should CVD 103-HgR be recommended for children and adolescents aged 2-17 years traveling to an area with active cholera transmission? (cdc.gov)
Vaccines2
  • Oral cholera vaccines are an additional way to control cholera, but should not replace conventional control measures. (who.int)
  • Cholera vaccines are available. (healthline.com)
Disease7
  • Love in the Time of Cholera", a novel written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, actually had very little to do with the disease. (giantmicrobes.com)
  • Cholera is a life-threatening infectious disease that remains an important public health issue in several low and middle-income countries. (cam.ac.uk)
  • In Southeast Asia and elsewhere, cholera is underreported and leads to an underestimation of the global burden of this disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhoea, and can lead to dehydration and kill within hours if left untreated. (who.int)
  • Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease that can kill within hours if left untreated. (who.int)
  • Cholera is an extremely virulent disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea. (who.int)
  • We demonstrate that minor virulence features important for disease in mammals, such as extracellular enzymes and flagellum-based motility, have a key role in the replication and transmission of V. cholerae in its aqueous environment. (unamur.be)
History of cholera2
  • To understand the differences in the V. cholerae populations inhabiting regions with a history of cholera cases and those lacking such a history, a comparative analysis of population composition was performed. (nus.edu.sg)
  • History of cholera vaccination or history of cholera as diagnosed by a medical person in a health facility (with or without laboratory confirmation). (who.int)
Pathogenicity1
  • Before we begin to examine the identification and isolation of Vibrio cholerae using culture media, we shall first take a closer look at its Pathogenicity. (gulpmatrix.com)
Watery diarrhoea1
  • Furthermore, vibrio cholera causes watery diarrhoea that contains epithelial cells, flakes of mucous secretion and contains 1000000s of vibrios. (free-essays.us)
Toxigenic strains1
  • Several toxigenic strains of V. cholerae possess a naturally occurring frameshift mutation in hapR. (princeton.edu)
Symptoms6
  • Symptoms of cholera can be mild to severe. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The symptoms of cholera include diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, and severe dehydration. (who.int)
  • The signs and symptoms of cholera in children are similar to adults but they may also experience fever, extreme drowsiness, convulsions or even coma. (who.int)
  • Most people with cholera have no symptoms at all or mild to moderate ones. (healthline.com)
  • Children with cholera usually have the same symptoms as adults. (healthline.com)
  • For example, 'systemic illness with predominant gastrointestinal diarrheal symptoms attributable to vibrio cholera' as opposed to 'cholera' or 'other' (where the meaning of other would have been clear from the hierarchical context. (who.int)
Pathogenic3
  • In this regard bacteriophages of Vibrio cholerae are well known to be the carriers of pathogenic traits across various strains. (medscimonit.com)
  • Pathogenic V. cholerae circulates between nutrient-rich human gut and nutrient-deprived aquatic environment. (elsevier.com)
  • The pathogenic traits of newly sequenced V. cholerae strains could be analyzed based on these characteristics. (figshare.com)
Vibrio cholerae Pathogenic Clones - Volume 11, Number 11-November 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Vibrio cholerae Pathogenic Clones - Volume 11, Number 11-November 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 1 - Vibrio cholerae Pathogenic Clones - Volume 11, Number 11-November 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Figure 1 - Vibrio cholerae Pathogenic Clones - Volume 11, Number 11-November 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 2 - Vibrio cholerae Pathogenic Clones - Volume 11, Number 11-November 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Figure 2 - Vibrio cholerae Pathogenic Clones - Volume 11, Number 11-November 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Notes from the Field: Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O1, Serotype Inaba - Minnesota, August 2016 | MMWR
Notes from the Field: Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O1, Serotype Inaba - Minnesota, August 2016 | MMWR (cdc.gov)
Figure 1 - Molecular Epidemiology of O139 Vibrio cholerae: Mutation, Lateral Gene Transfer, and Founder Flush - Volume 9,...
Figure 1 - Molecular Epidemiology of O139 Vibrio cholerae: Mutation, Lateral Gene Transfer, and Founder Flush - Volume 9,... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Molecular Epidemiology of O139 Vibrio cholerae: Mutation, Lateral Gene Transfer, and Founder Flush - Volume 9, Number 7-July...
Molecular Epidemiology of O139 Vibrio cholerae: Mutation, Lateral Gene Transfer, and Founder Flush - Volume 9, Number 7-July... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 2 - Molecular Epidemiology of O139 Vibrio cholerae: Mutation, Lateral Gene Transfer, and Founder Flush - Volume 9,...
Figure 2 - Molecular Epidemiology of O139 Vibrio cholerae: Mutation, Lateral Gene Transfer, and Founder Flush - Volume 9,... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Reemergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139, Bangladesh - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
Reemergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139, Bangladesh - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious Diseases... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 2 - Reemergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139, Bangladesh - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious...
Figure 2 - Reemergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139, Bangladesh - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 1 - Reemergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139, Bangladesh - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious...
Figure 1 - Reemergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139, Bangladesh - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 4 - Reemergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139, Bangladesh - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious...
Figure 4 - Reemergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139, Bangladesh - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 3 - Reemergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139, Bangladesh - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious...
Figure 3 - Reemergence of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139, Bangladesh - Volume 9, Number 9-September 2003 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Browsing 2. Regional Office for Africa by Subject Vibrio cholerae
Browsing 2. Regional Office for Africa by Subject "Vibrio cholerae" (apps.who.int)
Figure 1 - Newly Isolated Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 Phages - Volume 10, Number 4-April 2004 - Emerging Infectious...
Figure 1 - Newly Isolated Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 Phages - Volume 10, Number 4-April 2004 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Newly Isolated Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 Phages - Volume 10, Number 4-April 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal ...
Newly Isolated Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 Phages - Volume 10, Number 4-April 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal ... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae Diarrhea, Bangladesh, 2004 - Volume 11, Number 7-July 2005 -...
Figure - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae Diarrhea, Bangladesh, 2004 - Volume 11, Number 7-July 2005 -... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Browsing EMRO Journal Articles (‎EMHJ)‎ by Subject Vibrio cholerae
Browsing EMRO Journal Articles (‎EMHJ)‎ by Subject "Vibrio cholerae" (apps.who.int)
Figure 2 - Newly Isolated Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 Phages - Volume 10, Number 4-April 2004 - Emerging Infectious...
Figure 2 - Newly Isolated Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 Phages - Volume 10, Number 4-April 2004 - Emerging Infectious... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Notes from the Field: Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae Associated with Attending a Funeral - Chegutu District, Zimbabwe, 2018 | MMWR
Notes from the Field: Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae Associated with Attending a Funeral - Chegutu District, Zimbabwe, 2018 | MMWR (cdc.gov)
Browsing EMRO Journal Articles (‎EMHJ)‎ by Subject Vibrio cholerae O1
Browsing EMRO Journal Articles (‎EMHJ)‎ by Subject "Vibrio cholerae O1" (apps.who.int)
Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks - United States, 2009-2015 | MMWR
Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks - United States, 2009-2015 | MMWR (cdc.gov)
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae (blogs.cdc.gov)
Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance (COVIS) | Vibrio Illness (Vibriosis) | CDC
Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance (COVIS) | Vibrio Illness (Vibriosis) | CDC (cdc.gov)
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Biological and Chemical Terrorism:Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response (cdc.gov)
Burden of Foodborne Illness: Methods and Data Sources | Estimates of Foodborne Illness | CDC
Burden of Foodborne Illness: Methods and Data Sources | Estimates of Foodborne Illness | CDC (cdc.gov)