AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Venous InsufficiencyVaricose UlcerVaricose VeinsVenous PressureLegPhlebographyPostphlebitic SyndromeBandagesChronic DiseaseFemoral VeinAdrenal InsufficiencyUltrasonography, Doppler, DuplexGravity SuitsLeg UlcerPlethysmographySaphenous VeinAzygos VeinIliac VeinPopliteal VeinVeinsRenal InsufficiencyFoot DermatosesStockings, CompressionVenous ValvesExocrine Pancreatic InsufficiencyJugular VeinsUltrasonography, Doppler, ColorCerebral VeinsPlacental InsufficiencyTourniquetsSclerotherapyLaser TherapyVenous ThrombosisPostthrombotic SyndromeHealth ResortsAirLower ExtremityAnatomic VariationEdemaPhotoplethysmographyVascular Surgical ProceduresMultiple SclerosisRutinWound HealingPeriostitisUltrasonography, DopplerSeverity of Illness IndexSclerosing SolutionsRegional Blood FlowOnychomycosisTreatment OutcomeVascular MalformationsConstriction, PathologicNursing AssessmentSubcutaneous TissueAnkleTime FactorsLigationMultiple Sclerosis, Chronic ProgressiveThrombophlebitisMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingVascular DiseasesFootCatheterization, PeripheralEndoscopyProspective StudiesPrimary Ovarian InsufficiencyPressureVascular PatencySkinHepatic InsufficiencyFollow-Up StudiesHemodynamicsRetrospective StudiesBlood Flow VelocityAddison DiseaseRecurrenceRisk FactorsCase-Control StudiesUltrasonography, Doppler, TranscranialRespiratory InsufficiencyPostoperative ComplicationsAortic Valve InsufficiencySpinal Cord
Venous Insufficiency: Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.Varicose Ulcer: Skin breakdown or ulceration caused by VARICOSE VEINS in which there is too much hydrostatic pressure in the superficial venous system of the leg. Venous hypertension leads to increased pressure in the capillary bed, transudation of fluid and proteins into the interstitial space, altering blood flow and supply of nutrients to the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and eventual ulceration.Varicose Veins: Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.Venous Pressure: The blood pressure in the VEINS. It is usually measured to assess the filling PRESSURE to the HEART VENTRICLE.Leg: The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.Phlebography: Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium.Postphlebitic Syndrome: A condition characterized by a chronically swollen limb, often a leg with stasis dermatitis and ulcerations. This syndrome can appear soon after phlebitis or years later. Postphlebitic syndrome is the result of damaged or incompetent venous valves in the limbs. Distended, tortuous VARICOSE VEINS are usually present. Leg pain may occur after long period of standing.Bandages: Material used for wrapping or binding any part of the body.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Femoral Vein: The vein accompanying the femoral artery in the same sheath; it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein.Adrenal Insufficiency: Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect combined with real-time imaging. The real-time image is created by rapid movement of the ultrasound beam. A powerful advantage of this technique is the ability to estimate the velocity of flow from the Doppler shift frequency.Gravity Suits: Double-layered inflatable suits which, when inflated, exert pressure on the lower part of the wearer's body. The suits are used to improve or stabilize the circulatory state, i.e., to prevent hypotension, control hemorrhage, and regulate blood pressure. The suits are also used by pilots under positive acceleration.Leg Ulcer: Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.Plethysmography: Recording of change in the size of a part as modified by the circulation in it.Saphenous Vein: The vein which drains the foot and leg.Azygos Vein: A vein which arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava.Iliac Vein: A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava.Popliteal Vein: The vein formed by the union of the anterior and posterior tibial veins; it courses through the popliteal space and becomes the femoral vein.Veins: The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.Renal Insufficiency: Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.Foot Dermatoses: Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.Stockings, Compression: Tight coverings for the foot and leg that are worn to aid circulation in the legs, and prevent the formation of EDEMA and DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS. PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION STOCKINGS serve a similar purpose especially for bedridden patients, and following surgery.Venous Valves: Flaps within the VEINS that allow the blood to flow only in one direction. They are usually in the medium size veins that carry blood to the heart against gravity.Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.Jugular Veins: Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.Cerebral Veins: Veins draining the cerebrum.Placental Insufficiency: Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS.Tourniquets: Devices for the compression of a blood vessel by application around an extremity to control the circulation and prevent the flow of blood to or from the distal area. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Sclerotherapy: Treatment of varicose veins, hemorrhoids, gastric and esophageal varices, and peptic ulcer hemorrhage by injection or infusion of chemical agents which cause localized thrombosis and eventual fibrosis and obliteration of the vessels.Laser Therapy: The use of photothermal effects of LASERS to coagulate, incise, vaporize, resect, dissect, or resurface tissue.Venous Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.Postthrombotic Syndrome: A condition caused by one or more episodes of DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, usually the blood clots are lodged in the legs. Clinical features include EDEMA; PAIN; aching; heaviness; and MUSCLE CRAMP in the leg. When severe leg swelling leads to skin breakdown, it is called venous STASIS ULCER.Health ResortsAir: The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.Lower Extremity: The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the FOOT, and including the BUTTOCKS; HIP; and LEG.Anatomic Variation: Peculiarities associated with the internal structure, form, topology, or architecture of organisms that distinguishes them from others of the same species or group.Edema: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.Photoplethysmography: Plethysmographic determination in which the intensity of light reflected from the skin surface and the red cells below is measured to determine the blood volume of the respective area. There are two types, transmission and reflectance.Vascular Surgical Procedures: Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.Multiple Sclerosis: An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)Rutin: A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.Wound Healing: Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.Periostitis: Inflammation of the periosteum. The condition is generally chronic, and is marked by tenderness and swelling of the bone and an aching pain. Acute periostitis is due to infection, is characterized by diffuse suppuration, severe pain, and constitutional symptoms, and usually results in necrosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)Ultrasonography, Doppler: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Sclerosing Solutions: Chemical agents injected into blood vessels and lymphatic sinuses to shrink or cause localized THROMBOSIS; FIBROSIS, and obliteration of the vessels. This treatment is applied in a number of conditions such as VARICOSE VEINS; HEMORRHOIDS; GASTRIC VARICES; ESOPHAGEAL VARICES; PEPTIC ULCER HEMORRHAGE.Regional Blood Flow: The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.Onychomycosis: A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Vascular Malformations: A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.Constriction, Pathologic: The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.Nursing Assessment: Evaluation of the nature and extent of nursing problems presented by a patient for the purpose of patient care planning.Subcutaneous Tissue: Loose connective tissue lying under the DERMIS, which binds SKIN loosely to subjacent tissues. It may contain a pad of ADIPOCYTES, which vary in number according to the area of the body and vary in size according to the nutritional state.Ankle: The region of the lower limb between the FOOT and the LEG.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Ligation: Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive: A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting: The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)Vascular Diseases: Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.Foot: The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.Catheterization, Peripheral: Insertion of a catheter into a peripheral artery, vein, or airway for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.Endoscopy: Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections.Pressure: A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Vascular Patency: The degree to which BLOOD VESSELS are not blocked or obstructed.Skin: The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.Hepatic Insufficiency: Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Blood Flow Velocity: A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.Addison Disease: An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial: A non-invasive technique using ultrasound for the measurement of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, particularly cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral collateral flow. With a high-intensity, low-frequency pulse probe, the intracranial arteries may be studied transtemporally, transorbitally, or from below the foramen magnum.Respiratory Insufficiency: Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Aortic Valve Insufficiency: Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).Spinal Cord: A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

Mid-term results of endoscopic perforator vein interruption for chronic venous insufficiency: lessons learned from the North American subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery registry. The North American Study Group. (1/535)

PURPOSE: The safety, feasibility, and early efficacy of subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency were established in a preliminary report. The long-term clinical outcome and the late complications after SEPS are as yet undetermined. METHODS: The North American Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery registry collected information on 148 SEPS procedures that were performed in 17 centers in the United States and Canada between August 1, 1993, and February 15, 1996. The data analysis in this study focused on mid-term outcome in 146 patients. RESULTS: One hundred forty-six patients (79 men and 67 women; mean age, 56 years; range, 27 to 87 years) underwent SEPS. One hundred and one patients (69%) had active ulcers (class 6), and 21 (14%) had healed ulcers (class 5). One hundred and three patients (71%) underwent concomitant venous procedures (stripping, 70; high ligation, 17; varicosity avulsion alone, 16). There were no deaths or pulmonary embolisms. One deep venous thrombosis occurred at 2 months. The follow-up periods averaged 24 months (range, 1 to 53 months). Cumulative ulcer healing at 1 year was 88% (median time to healing, 54 days). Concomitant ablation of superficial reflux and lack of deep venous obstruction predicted ulcer healing (P <.05). Clinical score improved from 8.93 to 3.98 at the last follow-up (P <. 0001). Cumulative ulcer recurrence at 1 year was 16% and at 2 years was 28% (standard error, < 10%). Post-thrombotic limbs had a higher 2-year cumulative recurrence rate (46%) than did those limbs with primary valvular incompetence (20%; P <.05). Twenty-eight of the 122 patients (23%) who had class 5 or class 6 ulcers before surgery had an active ulcer at the last follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS: The interruption of perforators with ablation of superficial reflux is effective in decreasing the symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and rapidly healing ulcers. Recurrence or new ulcer development, however, is still significant, particularly in post-thrombotic limbs. The reevaluation of the indications for SEPS is warranted because operations in patients without previous deep vein thrombosis are successful but operations in those patients with deep vein thrombosis are less successful. Operations on patients with deep vein occlusion have poor outcomes.  (+info)

Bypass graft of an occluded inferior vena cava: report of a case with patency at five years. (2/535)

Venous reconstructive surgery for chronic occlusive disease has evolved slower than its arterial counterpart. Factors intrinsic to the venous system that have been implicated in discouraging experimental and clinical results include enhanced graft thrombogenicity, low velocity of blood flow, and wall collapsibility. 1,2 We present a case of a 24-year-old man with symptomatic occlusion of the inferior vena cava, treated with a prosthetic bypass graft to the supra diaphragmatic cava. The graft was patent 5 years later, and the patient remained asymptomatic.  (+info)

Endothelial activation response to oral micronised flavonoid therapy in patients with chronic venous disease--a prospective study. (3/535)

BACKGROUND: Endothelial activation is important in the pathogenesis of skin changes due to chronic venous disease (CVD). Purified micronised flavonoid fraction has been used for symptomatic treatment of CVD for a considerable period of time. The exact mode of action of these compounds remains unknown. AIM: To study the effects of micronised purified flavonoidic fraction (Daflon 500 mg, Servier, France) treatment on plasma markers of endothelial activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with chronic venous disease were treated for 60 days with DAFLON 500 mg twice daily. Duplex ultrasonography and PPG was used to assess the venous disease. Blood was collected from a foot vein immediately before starting treatment and within 1 week of stopping treatment. Plasma markers of endothelial activation were measured using commercial ELISA kits. RESULTS: Reduction in the level of ICAM-1, 32% (141 ng/ml: 73 ng/ml) and VCAM 29% (1292 ng/ml: 717 ng/ml) was seen. Reduction in plasma lactoferrin (36% decrease, 760 ng/ml: 560 ng/ml) and VW factor occurred in the C4 group only. CONCLUSIONS: Micronised purified flavonoidic fraction treatment for 60 days seems to decrease the levels of some plasma markers of endothelial activation. This could ameliorate the dermatological effects of (CVD). This could also explain some of the pharmacological actions of these compounds. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using soluble endothelial adhesion molecules as markers for treatment.  (+info)

Movement-related variation in forces under compression stockings. (4/535)

OBJECTIVES: Compression therapy is widely used in the treatment of venous leg ulcers, but the efficacy of this treatment is variable. Assessment of variation in compression forces associated with movement may help to elucidate the mechanism of action of compression therapy. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a system to investigate forces under compression stockings during movement. METHOD: Three sensors were placed on the medial aspect of the left leg on six healthy volunteers to monitor forces under class 2 (Continental European classification) compression stockings. Data were recorded during dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the left foot and also during short periods of walking. RESULTS: Changes in pressure were observed, associated with dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot. These changes were dependent on sensor position. Changes in pressure during walking were also position-dependent and of variable duration. CONCLUSIONS: The system enables forces associated with compression therapy to be examined during movement and may thus be of value in further understanding its mechanism of action. Foot movement can be associated with clear changes in pressure under compression stockings and rapid changes in pressure may occur during walking.  (+info)

Risk factors for erysipelas of the leg (cellulitis): case-control study. (5/535)

OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for erysipelas of the leg (cellulitis). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: 7 hospital centres in France. SUBJECTS: 167 patients admitted to hospital for erysipelas of the leg and 294 controls. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, a disruption of the cutaneous barrier (leg ulcer, wound, fissurated toe-web intertrigo, pressure ulcer, or leg dermatosis) (odds ratio 23.8, 95% confidence interval 10.7 to 52.5), lymphoedema (71.2, 5.6 to 908), venous insufficiency (2.9, 1.0 to 8.7), leg oedema (2.5, 1.2 to 5.1) and being overweight (2.0, 1.1 to 3.7) were independently associated with erysipelas of the leg. No association was observed with diabetes, alcohol, or smoking. Population attributable risk for toe-web intertrigo was 61%. CONCLUSION: This first case-control study highlights the major role of local risk factors (mainly lymphoedema and site of entry) in erysipelas of the leg. From a public health perspective, detecting and treating toe-web intertrigo should be evaluated in the secondary prevention of erysipelas of the leg.  (+info)

Leukocyte activation in patients with venous insufficiency. (6/535)

PURPOSE: Cell activation may play an important role in the production of venous insufficiency, just as leukocytes participate in the cause of venous ulcer. If activated, monocytes observed on venous endothelium can migrate into the venous wall and produce toxic metabolites and free oxygen radicals that may participate in valve destruction and venous wall weakening. At present, it remains uncertain to what degree leukocytes are actually activated in patients. This study was designed to explore the level of activation and to examine whether patient plasma contains an activator that leads to leukocyte activation of unstimulated naive leukocytes from volunteers without venous insufficiency disease. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (4 men, 17 women), who ranged in age from 34 to 69 years (mean age, 53.2 years), with chronic venous disease were compared with 16 healthy control volunteers (4 men, 12 women), who ranged in age from 18 to 65 years (mean age, 48.4 years). All the patients underwent evaluation with Doppler ultrasound scanning and were classified with the CEAP score.1 Nearly all the patients who smoked or were hypertensive were excluded. The blood types (ABO and Rh) of the controls were matched to the study group. Isolates of patient whole blood, plasma, or leukocytes were incubated with isolates of control whole blood, plasma, or leukocytes to separate actual activation from spontaneously observed activation. The granulocyte activation was measured with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and quantitation of granulocyte pseudopod formation. Hydrogen peroxide production in patient plasma was measured with a recently developed electrode method. RESULTS: Leukocytes from healthy blood and patient plasma had significantly higher NBT-positive granulocyte counts than either patient blood, healthy blood, or patient blood incubated in healthy plasma. In a comparison of patient groups across the CEAP classes, the NBT-positive granulocyte counts were significantly greater in classes 4, 5, and 6 than in classes 2 and 3 (P <.001). Pseudopod formation was significantly greater in mixtures of granulocytes in healthy blood and patient plasma than in all other groups. There was no difference in the level of pseudopod formation in control leukocytes incubated with patient plasma in patients across the CEAP spectrum. The patient plasma produced significantly higher hydrogen peroxide values than did the controls. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that patient plasma may contain an activating factor for granulocytes. The finding that activated neutrophils were fewer in number in patient whole blood than in healthy blood incubated in patient plasma could suggest that activated neutrophils in patients with chronic venous insufficiency might be trapped in the peripheral circulation. It is unknown what factors in the plasma might induce activation of naive neutrophils, but such activators could possibly be important in the pathogenesis of primary venous dysfunction and the development of chronic venous insufficiency.  (+info)

Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study. (7/535)

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in the general population. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey. SETTING: City of Edinburgh. PARTICIPANTS: Men and women aged 18-64 years selected randomly from age-sex registers of 12 general practices. MAIN RESULTS: In 1566 subjects examined, the age adjusted prevalence of trunk varices was 40% in men and 32% in women (p < or = 0.01). This sex difference was mostly a result of higher prevalence of mild trunk varices in men. More than 80% of all subjects had mild hyphenweb and reticular varices. The age adjusted prevalence of CVI was 9% in men and 7% in women (p < or = 0.05). The prevalence of all categories of varices and of CVI increased with age (p < or = 0.001). No relation was found with social class. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one third of men and women aged 18-64 years had trunk varices. In contrast with the findings in most previous studies, mainly conducted in the 1960s and 1970s, chronic venous insufficiency and mild varicose veins were more common in men than women. No evidence of bias in the study was found to account for this sex difference. Changes in lifestyle or other factors might be contributing to an alteration in the epidemiology of venous disease.  (+info)

Prophylactic inferior vena cava filters in trauma patients at high risk: follow-up examination and risk/benefit assessment. (8/535)

PURPOSE: The efficacy of prophylactic inferior vena cava filters in selected trauma patients at high risk has come into question in relation to risk/benefit assessment. To evaluate the usefulness of prophylactic inferior vena cava filters, we reviewed our experience and overall complication rate. METHODS: From February 1991 to April 1998, the trauma registry identified 7333 admissions. One hundred eighty-seven prophylactic inferior vena cava filters were inserted. After the exclusion of 27 trauma-related deaths (none caused by thromboembolism), 160 patients were eligible for the study. The eligible patients were contacted and asked to complete a survey and return for a follow-up examination to include physical examination, Doppler scan study, vena cava duplex scanning, and fluoroscopic examination. The patients' hospital charts were reviewed in detail. The indications for prophylactic inferior vena cava filter insertion included prolonged immobilization with multiple injuries, closed head injury, pelvic fracture, spine fracture, multiple long bone fracture, and attending discretion. RESULTS: Of the 160 eligible patients, 127 were men, the mean age was 40.3 years, and the mean injury severity score was 26.1. The mean day of insertion was hospital day 6. Seventy-five patients (47%) returned for evaluation, with a mean follow-up period of 19.4 months after implantation (range, 7 to 60 months). On survey, patients had leg swelling (n = 27), lower extremity numbness (n = 14), shortness of breath (n = 9), chest pain (n = 7), and skin changes (n = 4). All the survey symptoms appeared to be attributable to patient injuries and not related to prophylactic inferior vena cava filter. Physical examination results revealed edema (n = 12) and skin changes (n = 2). Ten Doppler scan studies had results that were suggestive of venous insufficiency, nine of which had histories of deep vein thrombosis. With duplex scanning, 93% (70 of 75) of the vena cavas were visualized, and all were patent. Only 52% (39 of 75) of the prophylactic inferior vena cava filters were visualized with duplex scanning. All the prophylactic inferior vena cava filters were visualized with fluoroscopy, with no evidence of filter migration. Of the total 187 patients, 24 (12.8%) had deep vein thrombosis develop after prophylactic inferior vena cava filter insertion, including 10 of 75 (13.3%) in the follow-up group, and one patient had a nonfatal pulmonary embolism despite filter placement. Filter insertion complications occurred in 1.6% (three of 187) of patients and included one groin hematoma, one arteriovenous fistula, and one misplacement in the common iliac vein. CONCLUSION: This study's results show that prophylactic inferior vena cava filters can be placed safely with low morbidity and no attributable long-term disabilities. In this patient population with a high risk of pulmonary embolism, prophylactic inferior vena cava filters offered a 99.5% protection rate, with only one of 187 patients having a nonfatal pulmonary embolism.  (+info)

Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A Critical Review | BenthamScienceChronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A Critical Review | BenthamScience
Title: Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A Critical Review. VOLUME: 10 ISSUE: 6. Author(s):Chiara Zecca and Claudio Gobbi. Affiliation:Servizio di Neurologia e Neuroradiologia, Neurocentro della Svizzera Italiana, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, via esserete 46, 6903 Lugano, Switzerland.. Keywords:Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, MRI, Multiple Sclerosis, Pathogenesis, CCSVI, ECD, TCCD, MRI Venography, CCSVI Theory, Doppler sonography. Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system with not yet completely understood pathogenesis. The so called "chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) theory" has recently emerged, supporting the concept of a cerebrospinal venous drainage impairment as the cause of MS. Since the first publication on this topic with a claimed 100% specificity and sensitivity of the condition for MS diagnosis, CCSVI theory has generated a scientific and mass media debate with a ...
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) - Page 130 - This Is MS Multiple Sclerosis Community: Knowledge & SupportChronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) - Page 130 - This Is MS Multiple Sclerosis Community: Knowledge & Support
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) : A forum to discuss Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency and its relationship to Multiple Sclerosis.
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) - Page 132 - This Is MS Multiple Sclerosis Community: Knowledge & SupportChronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) - Page 132 - This Is MS Multiple Sclerosis Community: Knowledge & Support
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) : A forum to discuss Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency and its relationship to Multiple Sclerosis.
Valvular insufficiency legal definition of valvular insufficiencyValvular insufficiency legal definition of valvular insufficiency
Definition of valvular insufficiency in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is valvular insufficiency? Meaning of valvular insufficiency as a legal term. What does valvular insufficiency mean in law?
What is the etiology of deep venous insufficiency?What is the etiology of deep venous insufficiency?
Deep venous insufficiency can be due to congenital valve or vessel abnormalities, but it most commonly occurs when the valves of the deep veins are damaged as a result of DVT. With no valves to preven... more
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, ten years after. New headlights on a venous disease that enriched the vascular...Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, ten years after. New headlights on a venous disease that enriched the vascular...
Two very recent scientific papers have re-opened a debate on a vascular issue, chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), that apparently was sent in a corner by other trials and some Editorial hasty conclusions. The never-ending debate is still open and, perhaps, a one-year truce helped to calm waters and sort out, as by means of a sandbox, the situation from the vascular point of view. Before discussing why these recent papers have widened the path for CCSVI, some mind refreshing is mandatory, since the opinions are spread in all directions and a concise summary may help for those that are newcomers in this issue.... ...
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency - WikipediaChronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency - Wikipedia
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI or CCVI) is a term developed by Italian researcher Paolo Zamboni in 2008 to describe compromised flow of blood in the veins draining the central nervous system. Zamboni hypothesized that it played a role in the cause or development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Zamboni also devised a procedure which was termed by the media as "liberation procedure" or "liberation therapy", involving venoplasty (or stenting) of certain veins in an attempt to improve blood flow. Within the medical community, both the procedure and CCSVI have been met with skepticism. Zambonis first published research was neither blinded nor did it have a comparison group. Zamboni also did not disclose his financial ties to Esaote, the manufacturer of the ultrasound specifically used in CCSVI diagnosis. The "liberation procedure" has been criticized for possibly resulting in serious complications and deaths while its benefits have not been proven. The United States Food and Drug ...
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for treatment of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in people with multiple...Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for treatment of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in people with multiple...
Background It has been recently hypothesised that chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The proposed treatment for CCSVI is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, also known as the liberation procedure, which is claimed to improve the blood flow in the brain, thereby alleviating some of the symptoms of MS. Our objective was to determine the effects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty used for the treatment of CCSVI in people with MS.. ...
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) is Not Associated With Multiple SclerosisChronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) is Not Associated With Multiple Sclerosis
The medical fraternity is divided over the theory whether chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency is linked with multiple sclerosis. Here s what the latest research says.
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous InsufficiencyChronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency
There has been a great deal of excitment, and rightly so, over the work of Dr. Zamboni and others using venous stents and balloons to open drainage routes of the brain and improve the symptoms of many multiple sclerosis patients. He attributes the cause of MS to chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. The role of venous…
No apparent link between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MSNo apparent link between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS
There appears to be no link between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis (MS), according to new research published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
A Hydrostatic Pressure Stocking for the Treatment of Ulcers due to Chronic Venous Insufficiency | CirculationA Hydrostatic Pressure Stocking for the Treatment of Ulcers due to Chronic Venous Insufficiency | Circulation
Chronic venous insufficiency may be complicated by ulceration of the skin of the involved extremity. The ulcers appear to be caused by the prolonged elevation of venous pressure in the leg and the resultant edema. A device is described that counterbalances exactly the elevated pressure in the veins of the leg, regardless of the position of the patient. This hydrostatic pressure stocking prevents formation of edema without interfering with the flow of blood through the tissues. The use of this device in the treatment of ulcers due to chronic venous insufficiency is also described.. ...
NewYork-Presbyterian/Queens - Chronic Venous InsufficiencyNewYork-Presbyterian/Queens - Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the leg veins do not allow blood to travel back to the heart. (Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood to the heart). Problems with valves in the veins can cause the blood to flow both directions, not just toward the heart. These valves that are not working properly can cause blood in the legs to pool. If chronic venous insufficiency is left untreated, pain, swelling, and leg ulcers may result.. ...
NewYork-Presbyterian/Queens - Chronic Venous InsufficiencyNewYork-Presbyterian/Queens - Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the leg veins do not allow blood to travel back to the heart. (Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood to the heart). Problems with valves in the veins can cause the blood to flow both directions, not just toward the heart. These valves that are not working properly can cause blood in the legs to pool. If chronic venous insufficiency is left untreated, pain, swelling, and leg ulcers may result.. ...
Varicose Veins Surgery Santa Rosa | Chronic Venous Insufficiency | LaserLight Treatment CenterVaricose Veins Surgery Santa Rosa | Chronic Venous Insufficiency | LaserLight Treatment Center
Venous insufficiency occurs when the valves in a persons veins do not work properly. This means that the veins are less able to transport blood back to the heart.. Venous insufficiency is fairly common. According to the Society for Vascular Surgery, it affects up to 40 percent of people in the United States.. It is also usually chronic. This condition causes leg and foot swelling, varicose veins, and aching legs.. In this article, we cover the causes and risk factors for venous insufficiency, as well as how to diagnose and treat it.. Read more at Medical News Today. Share ...
Society for vascular surgery and American Venous Forum Guidelines on the management of venous leg ulcers: The point of view of...Society for vascular surgery and American Venous Forum Guidelines on the management of venous leg ulcers: The point of view of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Society for vascular surgery and American Venous Forum Guidelines on the management of venous leg ulcers. T2 - The point of view of the International Union of Phlebology. AU - Mosti, G.. AU - De Maeseneer, M.. AU - Cavezzi, A.. AU - Parsi, K.. AU - Morrison, N.. AU - Nelzen, O.. AU - Rabe, E.. AU - Partsch, H.. AU - Caggiati, A.. AU - Simka, M.. AU - Obermayer, A.. AU - Malouf, M.. AU - Flour, M.. AU - Maleti, O.. AU - Perrin, M.. AU - Reina, L.. AU - Kalodiki, E.. AU - Mannello, F.. AU - Rerkasem, K.. AU - Cornu-Thenard, A.. AU - Chi, Yung-wei. AU - Soloviy, M.. AU - Bottini, O.. AU - Mendyk, N.. AU - Tessari, L.. AU - Varghese, R.. AU - Etcheverry, R.. AU - Pannier, F.. AU - Lugli, M.. AU - Carvallo Lantz, A. J.. AU - Zamboni, P.. AU - Zuolo, M.. AU - Godoy, M. F G. AU - Godoy, J. M P. AU - Link, Daniel P. AU - Junger, M.. AU - Scuderi, A.. PY - 2015/6/1. Y1 - 2015/6/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84941085269&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - ...
Chronic Venous Insufficiency: UC Davis Vascular CenterChronic Venous Insufficiency: UC Davis Vascular Center
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) results when the veins in the legs no longer pump blood back to the heart effectively. Normally, when the leg muscles contract, they squeeze the deep veins of the legs, aiding in circulation. Veins contain one-way valves that keep the blood from flowing in the opposite direction, toward the foot. These valves can wear out over time, leading to blood leaking backward and pooling in the veins of the leg. Over time, the veins weaken and stretch. Varicose veins, or superficial veins which are dilated due to faulty valves, can also cause CVI. Blood clots can lead to CVI when they block venous blood-flow or when the clot damages the valves in the veins ...
Chronic venous insufficiency Part 2 | AccessMedicine NetworkChronic venous insufficiency Part 2 | AccessMedicine Network
Venous leg ulcers are a common complication of chronic venous insufficiency and are challenging to treat. A multi-disciplinary approach using guidelines from the Society of Vascular Surgeons is discussed for those ulcers that are termed pure venous leg ulcers, i.e. no other co-morbidities are contributing to the lack of healing potential.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency Compression Stockings - Discount SurgicalChronic Venous Insufficiency Compression Stockings - Discount Surgical
Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when your leg veins dont allow blood to flow back up to your heart. It causes swelling (edema) of the legs. It can also cause sores on the legs, especially in the area of the ankles.. ...
Deep Venous Insufficiency - TeachMeSurgeryDeep Venous Insufficiency - TeachMeSurgery
The primary investigation for diagnosing DVI is a Doppler ultrasound scan, allowing the assessment for the extent of venous reflux*, any sites of stenosis, and the presence of a DVT or varicose veins.. Routine blood tests may be useful to further exclude other potential aetiologies, including FBC, U&Es, and LFTs, and an ECHO if any cardiac disease is suspected. An essential component of the investigations is documentation of foot pulses and ankle brachial pressure index as this will be required to determine suitability for compression therapy.. *If there is evidence of a venous occlusion or reflux in the pelvis as characterised by poor flow wave forms in the femoral veins or varicosities over the buttocks/perineum, then an MR Venogram may be performed.. ...
Effectiveness of mesoglycan topical treatment of leg ulcers in subjects with chronic venous insufficiency - Minerva...Effectiveness of mesoglycan topical treatment of leg ulcers in subjects with chronic venous insufficiency - Minerva...
Effectiveness of mesoglycan topical treatment of leg ulcers in subjects with chronic venous insufficiency - Minerva Cardioangiologica 1999 September;47(9):315-20 - Minerva Medica - Journals
Palmitoylethanolamide for chronic venous insufficiency | palmitoylethanolamide4painPalmitoylethanolamide for chronic venous insufficiency | palmitoylethanolamide4pain
Pain and inflammation are quite often present in chronic venous insufficiency and can vary and intensify with the stage of the insufficiency. The hypertension responsible for the varicose veins induces pain mechanisms, in which cells such as the mast cell and other leukocytes play a role through their ability to roll along the vessel wall and initiate…
What is chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)? - Spectrum Healthcare, Inc.What is chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)? - Spectrum Healthcare, Inc.
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition where the veins cannot pump enough oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. Visit us online to learn more.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency | Memorial HospitalChronic Venous Insufficiency | Memorial Hospital
Learn more about Chronic Venous Insufficiency at Memorial Hospital DefinitionCausesRisk FactorsSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentPreventionrevision ...
Chronic Venous Insufficiency | Parthenon PavilionChronic Venous Insufficiency | Parthenon Pavilion
Learn more about Chronic Venous Insufficiency at TriStar Centennial Parthenon Pavilion DefinitionCausesRisk FactorsSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentPreventionrevision ...
The Clinical Trial for Primary Chronic Venous Insufficiency - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govThe Clinical Trial for Primary Chronic Venous Insufficiency - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...
American Venous Forum Hosts the 4th Annual Vein Forum Course: Comprehensive Venous Management for the Practicing Clinician -...American Venous Forum Hosts the 4th Annual Vein Forum Course: Comprehensive Venous Management for the Practicing Clinician -...
The American Venous Forum is hosting the 4th annual Vein Forum Course: Comprehensive Venous Management for the Practicing Clinician on September 5-6, 2014 at the Hyatt Boston Harbor in Boston, MA. The...
Venous stasis - Things You Didnt KnowVenous stasis - Things You Didn't Know
Venous stasis - Is venous stasis considered reversible? Can control it but. Not cure it. As all of the others have said, chronic venous insufficiency (venous stasis) is very treatable but, true of all superficial venous insufficiency, it cant be cured. The manifestations of cvi can be greatly improved with treatment but, long term, your veins will need to be chronically managed with periodic checkups and treatment in order to maintain the best results possible.
American Venous ForumAmerican Venous Forum
The American Venous Forum (AVF) has pledged support of World Thrombosis Day, in partnership with more than 100 thrombosis and cardiovascular societies and spearheaded by the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH). The central goal of this initiative is bringing together thrombosis-related organizations from every continent to foster public and professional educational activities to heighten awareness, spark action and ultimately save lives. Help spread awareness of VTE by partnering with AVF supporting World Thrombosis Day. Read More.... ...
What will you RESOLVE to do in 2018? | Southwest Floridas Health and Wellness MagazineWhat will you RESOLVE to do in 2018? | Southwest Florida's Health and Wellness Magazine
As each New Year dawns, many of us spend the weeks or months preceding the turning of the calendar. contemplating potential New Year resolutions. I have RESOLVED to renew and further my commitment to the education of the general public and physician community regarding the wide variety of presentations of correctable superficial venous insufficiency.. It is estimated that 35-40 million adults Americans suffer from significant venous insufficiency who present with symptoms such as painful varicose veins, swollen legs, skin discoloration, restless leg syndrome, nocturnal leg cramps and frequent nighttime urination. Until the year 2000, the only treatments for venous insufficiency were compression hose or stripping. Endovenous closure, which was introduced in 2000, has significantly changed the landscape for patients with vein disease. Since introduced, endovenous closure (the minimally invasive and effective procedure of sealing the leaky veins within the legs with a small catheter) has been used ...
Index of Articles of Excellence | American Venous ForumIndex of Articles of Excellence | American Venous Forum
André P, Hartwell D, Hrachovinová I, Saffaripour S, Wagner DD. Pro-coagulant state resulting from high levels of soluble P-selectin in blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:13835-40. PMID: 11095738Beebe-Dimmer JL, Pfeifer JR, Engle JS, Schottenfeld D. The Epidemiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Varicose Veins. Ann Epidemiol 2005;15:175-84. PMID: 15723761. Bradbury A, Evans C, Allan P, Lee A, Ruckley V, Fowkes FG. What are the symptoms of varicose veins? Edinburgh vein study cross sectional population survey. BMJ 1999;318:353-6. PMID: 9933194.. Bradbury A, Evans CJ, Allan P, Lee AJ, Ruckley CV, Fowkes FG. The relationship between lower limb symptoms and superficial and deep venous reflux on duplex ultrasonography: The Edinburgh Vein Study. J Vasc Surg 2000;32:921-31. PMID: 11054224. Browse NL. The diagnosis and management of primary lymphedema. J Vasc Surg 1986;3:181-4. PMID: 3510325. Burnand KG, Whimster I, Naidoo A, Browse NL. Pericapillary fibrin in the ulcer-bearing skin of the ...
EVLA - Endovenous Laser Ablation | AngiologistEVLA - Endovenous Laser Ablation | Angiologist
The diagnosis of superficial venous insufficiency should be confirmed with duplex ultrasound. Significant reflux is defined by >1.0 second of flow reversal on venous duplex. After making the diagnosis, conservative medical therapy with graded compression stockings, leg elevation, and good skin care should be recommended. Patients with symptomatic superficial venous disease who dont respond to 3 months of compression therapy are candidates for venous ablation or other invasive therapy. It is the experience of many, that a large number of patients improve with compression but cannot tolerate it for various reasons. This may be due to discomfort related to the tightness of the stocking, intolerance related to the heat from wearing socks especially in warm climates, a fabric-related skin reaction, and difficulty with stocking application.. ...
Role of Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery (SEPS) in Management of Perforator Incompetence in Varicose Veins : A...Role of Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery (SEPS) in Management of Perforator Incompetence in Varicose Veins : A...
The study was carried out to compare the efficacy of subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) and open subfascial ligation of perforators in varicose veins. This study was conducted on 100 patients of varicose veins from January 2006 to December 2010. Clinical scoring and color Doppler were p …
Early results from a randomized trial of saphenous surgery with or without subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery in patients...Early results from a randomized trial of saphenous surgery with or without subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery in patients...
BACKGROUND: The aim was to clarify the role of incompetent perforators (IPs) in venous leg ulcers. This short-term report focused on safety, patient satisfaction and the fate of IPs after subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS), or saphenous surgery alone.. METHODS: Patients aged 30-78 years with an open or recently healed venous ulcer, and with an incompetent saphenous vein and IPs, were allocated randomly to saphenous surgery alone, or in combination with SEPS. A control duplex scan was performed 6-9 months after surgery, and clinical follow-up was scheduled after 1 week, 3 and 12 months. A standard questionnaire was completed at each clinical visit.. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients were enrolled; 37 had SEPS and 38 had saphenous surgery alone. SEPS prolonged the operation by a median of 15 min (P = 0.003). Duplex imaging revealed significantly more remaining IPs in the no-SEPS group (P , 0.001). Compared with the preoperative scan, significantly more legs were free from IPs in the SEPS ...
Evaluation of Angioplasty in the Treatment of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) in Multiple Sclerosis - Full...Evaluation of Angioplasty in the Treatment of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) in Multiple Sclerosis - Full...
The study is being done to determine if venous angioplasty is an effective treatment for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). In this condition, areas of narrowing or blockages are present in the internal jugular or azygos veins (veins which drain blood from the central nervous system) and these blockages may be associated with symptoms classically attributed to MS. Therefore, angioplasty may help to improve the symptoms associated with CCSVI and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, the investigators will evaluate the effectiveness of angioplasty in the treatment of CCSVI by comparing two the outcomes of two groups of patients: one group with CCSVI diagnosed on a venogram and treated with angioplasty and one group with CCSVI diagnosed on a venogram but not treated. The patients enrolled in this study, and the neurologist evaluating patients after the procedure, will not know whether or not they were treated with angioplasty ...
NutritionMD.org :: Venous Insufficiency and Varicose VeinsNutritionMD.org :: Venous Insufficiency and Varicose Veins
Chronic venous insufficiency is a common medical problem, with symptoms ranging from mildly unsightly veins to recurrent skin infections and ulcers that require hospitalization. An estimated 25 percent of the U.S. adult population has some degree of varicose veins and up to 5 percent have advanced disease. The venous system of the lower extremities is composed of deep veins that lie within the muscular compartments and superficial veins that lie closer to the skin. Venous insufficiency is a disorder of the deep veins, whereas varicose veins are a disorder of the superficial veins. Although the underlying cause is not yet fully understood, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors have been assumed to play a role. Most cases of varicose veins cause no symptoms. However, they can cause swelling, aching, tension, leg fatigue, burning, and itching, which are relieved upon lying down or elevating the legs. As the disease progresses, skin discoloration occurs. In severe cases, recurrent skin ...
Often hard to diagnose, treatment for pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI) is available in Casper - Wyoming Medical Center |...Often hard to diagnose, treatment for pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI) is available in Casper - Wyoming Medical Center |...
Charles Bowkley III, M.D., is a neurointerventional radiologist and the 2017 Wyoming Medical Center Physician of the Year. Here, he answers common questions about pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI).. What is PVI?. Pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI) is a condition resulting from broken valves on the inside of the gonadal (ovarian) veins. The disease process was previously referred to as Pelvic Congestion Syndrome, however the term pelvic venous insufficiency identifies the root cause and is the newer terminology. Instead of gonadal venous blood flowing up and out of the pelvis, the blood follows gravity flowing in the wrong direction - causing the pelvic veins to dilate.. What are the symptoms?. As the veins dilate in response to venous blood flowing in the wrong direction the condition becomes painful. Women state that they feel a dull ache or heaviness, which worsens throughout the day, after strenuous activity, and commonly following intercourse. These symptoms tend to improve with lying down, ...
Update on Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency - Health Quality Ontario (HQO)Update on Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency - Health Quality Ontario (HQO)
Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the brain and spinal cord. An abnormality in the vein that drains blood from the brain and spinal cord may be associated with MS; treating this problem might hold promise as a treatment for MS.
Sabinet | Tumescentless endovenous radiofrequency ablation with local hypothermia and compression techniqueSabinet | Tumescentless endovenous radiofrequency ablation with local hypothermia and compression technique
Introduction: Modern surgical management of chronic venous insufficiency is possible since the development of catheter-based minimally invasive techniques, including radio-frequency ablation (RFA) and the application of colour Doppler sonography. RFA technology requires the use of tumescent anaesthesia, which prolongs the operating time. Instilling tumescent anaesthesia percutaneously below the saphenous fascia is the steepest part of the learning curve. In our study, we compared operative and postoperative results of tumescentless RFA and RFA with tumescent anaesthesia, to investigate the necessity of tumescent anaesthesia. Methods: A total of 344 patients with Doppler-confirmed great saphenous vein insufficiency underwent RFA between January and December 2012. Patients were divided into two groups according to anaesthetic management. Group 1 consisted of 172 patients: tumescent anaesthesia was given before the ablation procedure, and group 2 contained 172 patients: a local hypothermia and compression
Long-Term Evaluation of Tetralogy Patients with Pulmonary Valvular Insufficiency Resulting from Outflow-Patch Correction Across...Long-Term Evaluation of Tetralogy Patients with Pulmonary Valvular Insufficiency Resulting from Outflow-Patch Correction Across...
In the operative correction of tetralogy of Fallot with a severely narrowed right ventricular outflow tract, widening of the pulmonic annulus is frequently necessary to prevent a high residual pressure gradient and to reduce right ventricular pressure overload. This can be accomplished by incising the pulmonic annulus and inserting a patch graft across the valve, but this usually results in pulmonary valvular insufficiency.. Of 426 patients who underwent total correction of Fallots tetralogy between 1959 and 1970, 63 required a patch across the pulmonic annulus. The mortality rate for this group was 30.1%, compared with a total mortality among the 426 patients of 18%. The high mortality rate is influenced by the fact that the majority were corrected in the early years of the series.. Fifteen patients were restudied by cardiac catheterization and cineangiography an average of 9.1 years after total correction. Twelve patients were asymptomatic and three patients had only mild symptoms on exertion ...
Study confirms laser crossectomy as superior method for preventing secondary anterior accessory great saphenous vein refluxStudy confirms laser crossectomy as superior method for preventing secondary anterior accessory great saphenous vein reflux
Results from a recent investigiation has established that Laser crossectomy of the GSV is a more effective method of preventing secondary anterior accessory great saphenous vein reflux
Varicose Veins / Venous InsufficiencyVaricose Veins / Venous Insufficiency
Venous insufficiency is a common condition resulting from decreased blood flow from the leg veins up to the heart, with pooling of blood in the veins. Normally, one-way valves in the veins keep blood flowing toward the heart, against the force of gravity. When the valves become weak and dont close properly, they allow blood to flow backward, a condition called reflux. Veins that have lost their valve effectiveness become elongated, rope-like, bulged, and thickened.. These enlarged, swollen vessels are known as varicose veins and are a direct result of increased pressure from reflux. A common cause of varicose veins in the legs is reflux in a thigh vein called the great saphenous, which leads to pooling in the visible varicose veins as shown in the video below. ...
Radiofrequency obliteration to treat the great saphenous vein insufficiency, an option in geriatrics patients | BMC Geriatrics ...Radiofrequency obliteration to treat the great saphenous vein insufficiency, an option in geriatrics patients | BMC Geriatrics ...
All patients had slight post-operative pain in the path of the treated saphenous segment, disappearing in 5-7 days. They have been clinically checked after 3 and 6 days and with duplex-scanned after 30 days, 6 months, 1 and 2 years. Elastic-compression stocking was removed after 3 days. Only 5(4%) patients had little haematomas in the surgical incision site, disappeared in 7-10 days, 2 (2%) patients had paresthesia. Duplex scanning showed one recanalization (1%), other veins were fibrotic 1 month later and 6 months later they were completely sclerosed and barely visible as a weak hyperecogenic signal (Figure 2). GSV persistent occlusion and reflux-free was documented in 122/123 (98%) at 1 year, 113/123 (92%) at 2 years follow-up. Neither thrombosis nor thermal injury were observed, paresthesia persisting in 2 (2%) at 1 year and 1 (1%) at 2 year follow-up ...
Venous Reflux Disease Oklahoma City | Venous Insufficiency OKVenous Reflux Disease Oklahoma City | Venous Insufficiency OK
Venous insufficiency is a condition where the flow of blood through the veins is inadequate, causing blood to pool in the legs. This condition is treated by Dr. Randall in Oklahoma City, OK.
Venous insufficiency, varicose veins, itching, swelling, pain in both limbs. Medicine? - Doctors insight on HealthcareMagicVenous insufficiency, varicose veins, itching, swelling, pain in both limbs. Medicine? - Doctor's insight on HealthcareMagic
Question - Venous insufficiency, varicose veins, itching, swelling, pain in both limbs. Medicine?. Ask a Doctor about diagnosis, treatment and medication for Varicose veins, Ask a General & Family Physician
Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Postphlebitic Syndrome - Cardiovascular Disorders - Merck Manuals Professional EditionChronic Venous Insufficiency and Postphlebitic Syndrome - Cardiovascular Disorders - Merck Manuals Professional Edition
Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment of Peripheral Venous Disorders from the Professional Version of the Merck Manuals.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Postphlebitic Syndrome - Cardiovascular Disorders - Merck Manuals Professional EditionChronic Venous Insufficiency and Postphlebitic Syndrome - Cardiovascular Disorders - Merck Manuals Professional Edition
Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment of Peripheral Venous Disorders from the Professional Version of the Merck Manuals.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency and the Effects on the Lymphatic System « Lymphedema BlogChronic Venous Insufficiency and the Effects on the Lymphatic System « Lymphedema Blog
retrograde ("backward") venous flow (reflux), or a combination of these. The deficient valves in the veins in CVI fail to prevent the retrograde flow of venous blood during muscle pump activity, specifically the activity of the calf musculature during walking (ambulatory). Muscle activity in the legs applies outside pressure to the veins and a functioning system of valves forces the venous blood upward and towards the heart while walking and prevents backflow. In CVI the blood is not only forced upward towards the heart during muscle activity, but also "backwards" causing the pressure in the veins of the lower leg to increase even more (ambulatory venous hypertension).. This pathological increase in pressure subsequently has an effect on the blood capillaries, and more fluid is filtered from the blood into the tissues. It is the lymphatic systems responsibility to compensate for the increased amount of tissue fluid by increasing its activity; this is also known as the lymphatic safety function. ...
Chronic Venous Insufficiency - Clinical AdvisorChronic Venous Insufficiency - Clinical Advisor
No other considerable appropriate alternative imaging techniques.. Copyright © 2017, 2013 Decision Support in Medicine, LLC. All rights reserved. No sponsor or advertiser has participated in, approved or paid for the content provided by Decision Support in Medicine LLC. The Licensed Content is the property of and copyrighted by DSM. ...
health Archives - Vascular CMEhealth Archives - Vascular CME
Lower-extremity venous insufficiency is a common medical condition affecting between 45-55% of adult women and 25-35% of adult men. Venous insufficiency typically results from primary valvular incompetence or less commonly from previous deep venous thrombosis. Venous insufficiency can lead to… Read More ›. ...
Clinical Profile and Management of Varicose Veins at tertiary care hospital, India | International Journal of Current ResearchClinical Profile and Management of Varicose Veins at tertiary care hospital, India | International Journal of Current Research
Background and objectives of study: Varicose veins of lower limb is a common clinical manifestation, which starts early in the life but assumes an innocent course for variable length of time. The adult prevalence of visible varicose veins is 25-30 per cent in women and 15 per cent in men. This study intends to know the predisposing factors, management of varicose veins of lower limbs effectively and to prevent its complications. Methods: 150 patients admitted to the hospital, who met with inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to detailed clinical examination and investigation. INCLUSION CRITERIA being Primary varicose veins, Perforator incompetence, Varicose ulcer EXCLUSION CRITERIA being Secondary varicose veins, Deep vein thrombosis, Recurrent varicose veins. The study period was 12 months with 2 months follow up. Patients were evaluated and followed up according to a protocol. Results: In this study males are more prone to the development of varicosity of lower limb than the female ...
Ways to Spider Veins and Varicose Veins | Health BlogWays to Spider Veins and Varicose Veins | Health Blog
Doctors say then about chronic venous insufficiency. For some of us it gives itself felt only swelling of legs, others - disfiguring skin, spider veins, varicose veins and even aching. This disease affects nearly half of women in Poland - already under thirty change is every fifth!Usually we are ourselves to blame themselves, because we move too little. If besides many hours at work sitting at a desk or worse, we face - the blood circulation in the veins starts to fail.Therefore, for this reason most often they suffer from saleswoman, hairdresser or secretary.There are also important extra-curricular weight, because then the muscle pump, conveying the blood from the legs to the heart, has a difficult operation. Venous insufficiency can also be genetically determined. As a rule, inherited predisposition to it is in the female line, which is passed from grandmother to mother, and later on her granddaughter. Why? The answer is simple: Lifelong we are doomed to hormonal swings. And just estrogen ...
PPT - Venous Insufficiency PowerPoint presentation | free to view - id: 1926a-OGQyMPPT - Venous Insufficiency PowerPoint presentation | free to view - id: 1926a-OGQyM
Chronic includes varicose veins, venous incompetence (superficial and deep) ... Graduated compression stockings. Sclerotherapy. Treatment ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 1926a-OGQyM
The Well of Alternative Medicine :: Compression SocksThe Well of Alternative Medicine :: Compression Socks
Venous insufficiency is caused by a series of disorders in the vein including when the valves of the veins fail to function properly. This interferes with venous return and causes blood to pool in the veins. Venous insufficiency can become more chronic and lead to spider veins, varicose veins, phlebitis, blood clots, and changes in the skin. The most serious disorder is a venous leg ulcer. Chronic Venous Disorders (CVD) is a collective term used to describe a long-standing condition involving impaired venous return in varying degrees of severity ...
Wheelchair Kamikaze: Is MS Actually A Vascular Disease?Wheelchair Kamikaze: Is MS Actually A Vascular Disease?
A group of researchers in Italy is proposing a revolutionary new theory about Multiple Sclerosis. Theyve offered some compelling evidence that MS is primarily a vascular disease, and that the neurologic damage seen in MS patients has its genesis in blood flow problems within the veins of those patients. Theyre calling this theory Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency, or CCSVI for short.. The Italian researchers, led by Dr. Paolo Zamboni, imaged the veins leading from the brain and spinal cord of several hundred MS patients, and found that virtually all of them showed evidence of a narrowing or blockage of these vital vascular pathways. Specifically, they found blockages or stenosis in the jugular and/or azygos veins of the MS patients they studied, findings not seen in healthy control subjects or in patients with other vascular or neurolgic conditions.. These researchers theorize that these blockages constrict the flow of blood leaving the central nervous system, causing a reflux of ...
Healthy Ideas / 6 home treatments for varicose veinsHealthy Ideas / 6 home treatments for varicose veins
Adding foods that contain flavonoids may also help a person to shrink their varicose veins.. Flavonoids improve blood circulation, which will keep the blood flowing, and make it less likely to pool in the veins. They also help to reduce blood pressure in the arteries and can relax blood vessels, all of which can reduce varicose veins.. Foods that contain flavonoids include:. vegetables, including onions, bell peppers, spinach, and broccoli citrus fruits and grapes, cherries, apples, and blueberries cocoa garlic What can I do about varicose veins? What can I do about varicose veins? Varicose veins are a common condition. Learn more about the causes, treatments, and prevention methods for varicose veins. READ NOW 6. Herbal remedies. According to the National Institute of Health, taking grape seed extract, Vitis vinifera, orally may help to reduce swelling in the lower legs and other symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, though there is currently limited evidence for its effectiveness.. A ...
Physicians Vein Clinics in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (SD) 57106Physicians Vein Clinics in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (SD) 57106
Physicians Vein Clinics is located in the Sioux Falls area and specializes in services such as Leg Ulcer Treatment, Chronic Venous Insufficiency Care, Venous Insufficiency Treatment, etc.
swelling legs - Leg conditions - Condition | Our Healthswelling legs - Leg conditions - Condition | Our Health
I have this too and finally found the correlation to another condition I have, sleep apnea. I found an article about bilateral leg edema, hypertension, and sleep apnea.I researched under sleep apnea: leg edema and found several articles. I am hoping my condition dissipates when I get my CPAP next week. I have severe obstructive sleep apnea.Two cardiologists have confirmed I dont have Congestive Heart Failure. That is one condition which can cause leg edema too. Another one is chronic venous insufficiency. Both of these have pitting edema. Sometimes old age can cause the venous insufficiency especially if you have varicous veins. Ask a doctor whether compression hose would be appropriate treatment in your situation. And youll need to be fitted for the compression strength and length. Dont just purchase them without knowing this information. It does work. Truform Compression Hose can be purchased at WalMart is realitively inexpensive compared to some of the other brands out there. Ive done ...
Know your options for treating varicose veins - Vein & Vascular CenterKnow your options for treating varicose veins - Vein & Vascular Center
If you have painful, unattractive varicose veins, you are not alone: More than 30 million Americans, men and women alike, are affected by the condition called venous insufficiency, which includes varicose veins, spider veins, and telangiectasias. While rarely serious to your health, varicose and spider veins can affect your psychological and physical sense of well-being-from their unsightly appearance to the feelings of pain, cramping, heaviness and fatigue that failing veins can produce. In some cases, changes in the skin, and even leg ulcers, may develop.. "Venous insufficiency occurs when the veins valves become damaged and cannot transport blood back to the heart efficiently," says Misaki M. Kiguchi, MD, a vascular surgeon at MedStar Heart & Vascular Institute and a specialist in the management of vein disorders. "Family history, multiple pregnancies, occupations requiring long periods of standing, obesity and age are all contributing factors.". Fighting against gravity, healthy veins rely ...
Laser Vein CenterLaser Vein Center
Spider Veins. Spider veins are also known as telangiectasia and occur at the earliest stages of venous insufficiency. They are formed by small skin veins that become dilated and are visible through the skins surface. They can be blue, purple or red and are frequently extensive, forming various patterns of linear, starburst, or tree-like distribution. In the legs, they may be associated with varicose veins and venous insufficiency. They can be present in all areas of the body, including the face and the back. Varicose Veins. Varicose veins are abnormal veins that become large and tortuous. As a result, varicose veins bulge out and can be seen through the skin. They appear as rope-like structures protruding out from the skin and can occur throughout the legs and ankles. Varicose veins occur due to a disease called "venous reflux." Healthy veins have tiny leaflets inside of them called valves. They allow blood to flow in one direction from the ankles towards the heart. When valves do not work, ...
Vein Clinic | UK HealthCareVein Clinic | UK HealthCare
UK Vascular Surgery introduces the UK Vein Clinic, located at UK Good Samaritan Hospital, providing comprehensive management of venous disorders including venous insufficiency, minimally invasive treatment of varicose veins, cosmetic treatment of spider veins and telangiectasias. The clinic is also available for consults on a variety of vein-related problems, including: Varicose veins Venous insufficiency Venous stasis Patients requesting sclerotherapy
British Library EThOS: Lifestyle and clinical factors related to the deterioration of trunk varicose veins, telangiectasia,...British Library EThOS: Lifestyle and clinical factors related to the deterioration of trunk varicose veins, telangiectasia,...
lifestyle ; clinical factors ; deterioration ; trunk varicose veins ; chronic venous insufficiency ; telangiectasia ; venous reflux ; Edinburgh Vein Study ; follow-up
How to treat varicose veins - I3ConHow to treat varicose veins - I3Con
Chronic venous insufficiency, also known as varicose veins or varicose veins, are swollen veins caused by abnormal accumulation of blood due to the often inherited weakness in the walls and valves of the superficial veins. This causes the veins to widen and dilate, so that blood easily accumulates when a person stands for a long time.. "When the vein dilates it does not fulfill its function. These are in charge of making the blood return to the heart and that implies that the flow has to go against gravity: from the foot to the heart, "Andrés García León, director of the area of ​​Vascular Surgery at the Virgen de Virgen University Hospital, explains to CuidatePlus Valme (Seville) and member of the Andalusian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery. "The veins have valves that prevent the return of that blood flow to the foot and facilitate the rise. However, if the vein is dilated, the valves do not fulfill their function and the flow is reversed, which causes the dilation to increase ...
FLORA CIRCUVEIN - alleviates symptoms of varicose veins, and repairs a - HealthfittersFLORA CIRCUVEIN - alleviates symptoms of varicose veins, and repairs a - Healthfitters
The first product of its kind, CircuVein alleviates symptoms of varicose veins, and repairs and strengthens blood vessels. This clinically-proven formula also relieves symptoms of hemorrhoids.Helps to alleviate symptoms (swelling, heavy sensation) of varicose veins / chronic venous insufficiency.Relieves symptoms (pain
Venous ulcers - Alexandros MatthaiouVenous ulcers - Alexandros Matthaiou
Venous ulcers are skin wounds; a result of chronic venous insufficiency. They are difficult to treat, take longer to heal and are commonly recurrent....
Penile vein ligation for corporeal incompetence: An evaluation of short-term and long-term results<...Penile vein ligation for corporeal incompetence: An evaluation of short-term and long-term results<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Penile vein ligation for corporeal incompetence. T2 - An evaluation of short-term and long-term results. AU - Rossman, B.. AU - Mieza, M.. AU - Melman, A.. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. N2 - Dynamic cavernosometry and cavernosography can be used to identify patients with corporeal venous incompetence as a cause of erectile dysfunction. We reviewed our series of 16 patients with venous leakage who underwent surgical correction of the specific abnormality identified on cavernosography. Short-term and long-term results were obtained, and while at least temporary improvement was noted in 89.5% of the patients the long-term results tended to show a reversion to the preoperative status in the majority.. AB - Dynamic cavernosometry and cavernosography can be used to identify patients with corporeal venous incompetence as a cause of erectile dysfunction. We reviewed our series of 16 patients with venous leakage who underwent surgical correction of the specific abnormality identified on ...
Risk stratification and prediction value of procalcitonin and clinical severity scores for community-acquired pneumonia in EDRisk stratification and prediction value of procalcitonin and clinical severity scores for community-acquired pneumonia in ED
ABSTRACTObjective:Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common presentation to the emergency department (ED) and has high mortality rates. The aim of our study is to investigate the risk stratification and prognostic prediction value of precalcitonin (PCT) and clinical severity scores on patients
Should I get cosmetic laser work done if I have leg pain ?Should I get cosmetic laser work done if I have leg pain ?
If you have symptoms in your legs, like aching, pain, heaviness, tiredness, fatigue, itching, cramping, throbbing, restless legs and swelling, then you should get a Doppler ultrasound study of the venous system. If the study shows no evidence of venous insufficiency, then the csmetic work can be completed. If there is venous insufficiency, it should be treated with the EVLT procedure or VNUS CLosure. Cosmetic work should be on hold until the valvular sources of insufficiency in the venous system are fixed.. www.VeinsVeinsVeins.com. www.MyVeinStore.com for Veinamin and horse chestnut extract. ...
Difference between lymphedema and edema - Answers on HealthTapDifference between lymphedema and edema - Answers on HealthTap
Doctors give trusted, helpful answers on causes, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and more: Dr. Milunski on difference between lymphedema and edema: balls of the issues lymphedema and venous insufficiency can cause swelling of the lower extremities. However with venous insufficiency there is very often a valve dysfunction causing the problem which can be corrected by destruction of the vein. In both cases use of a compression stocking during daily activities would be of benefit to help reduce or prevent the swelling.
Common Causes of Spider Veins - Fort Myers FL - Cardiology Consultants of Southwest FloridaCommon Causes of Spider Veins - Fort Myers FL - Cardiology Consultants of Southwest Florida
Spider veins are one of the many problems related to veins that people face. This problem can be the result of pregnancy, changes in hormones, aging, alterations in diet and a long list of reasons. The one thing that remains the same is the fact that spider veins can alter how you and people around you perceive you. These veins can make you look less attractive, make you self-conscious of your image and fuel the fires of gossip among your friends, family and co-workers.. The good news is that spider veins are relatively harmless in most cases. There are a number of treatments designed to quickly and effectively eliminate them. It is beneficial to look at some of the most common causes of spider veins to better understand how this condition develops.. The Root Cause: Venous Insufficiency. The common cause of spider veins tends to be venous insufficiency. This is a condition where the veins are unable to push a suitable amount of blood through them, which in turn results in heightened blood ...
Varicose Veins and Venous Insufficiency | Pri-MedVaricose Veins and Venous Insufficiency | Pri-Med
The opinions, ideas, and recommendations expressed in this educational activity are those of the faculty only and are not necessarily endorsed by, nor do they necessarily reflect, those of their affiliated institutions, pmiCME, pmiCME Advisory Boards and Consultants, DBC Pri-Med, LLC.. Clinical judgment must guide each clinician in weighing the possible risks, benefits, or contraindications of any diagnostics, interventions or treatments discussed. Clinicians should review manufacturers product information and consider these with the recommendations of other authorities when applying the assessment and/or clinical management strategies discussed in this activity to the care of their patients.. ...
Angiology - wikidocAngiology - wikidoc
Angiology (from Greek: ἀγγειο, angio, "vessel"; and λόγος, logos, "knowledge") is the medical specialty which studies the diseases of circulatory system and of the lymphatic system, i.e., arteries, veins and lymphatic vases, and its diseases. Arterial diseases include the aorta (aneurysms/dissection) and arteries supplying the legs hands, kidneys, brain, intestines. It also covers arterial thrombosis and embolism; vasculitides; and vasospastic disorders. Venous diseases include venous thrombosis, chronic venous insufficiency, and varicose veins. Lymphatic diseases include primary and secondary forms of lymphedema. It also involves modification of risk factors for vascular disease like high cholesterol, high blood pressure. High blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart attack, stroke and venous blood clots all fall under the specialty of vascular medicine. Hence a vascular medicine specialist should be able to address most of the major diseases in our age in a comprehensive manner, ...
Avulsion injuryAvulsion injury
Aesculus hippocastanumAesculus hippocastanum
Short statureShort stature
Peripheral artery diseasePeripheral artery disease
Management of multiple sclerosisManagement of multiple sclerosis
LeechLeech
Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosisPathophysiology of multiple sclerosis
Idiopathic short statureIdiopathic short stature
AescinAescin
Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndromeHypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome
LymphedemaLymphedema
Contact dermatitisContact dermatitis
Primary lymphedemaPrimary lymphedema
Paolo ZamboniPaolo Zamboni
DaflonDaflon
Varicose veinsVaricose veins
Multiple sclerosisMultiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis drug pipelineMultiple sclerosis drug pipeline
DiosminDiosmin
Osteonecrosis of the jawOsteonecrosis of the jaw
Multiple sclerosisMultiple sclerosis
Laser ablationLaser ablation
HydroxyethylrutosideHydroxyethylrutoside
Heavy legsHeavy legs
AngiologyAngiology
VenographyVenography
Ultrasonography of deep vein thrombosisUltrasonography of deep vein thrombosis
Pathology of multiple sclerosisPathology of multiple sclerosis
Perforator veinPerforator vein
PanniculitisPanniculitis
NosebleedNosebleed
Intermittent claudicationIntermittent claudication
TATA boxTATA box
Surviving Sepsis CampaignSurviving Sepsis Campaign
Antiphospholipid syndromeAntiphospholipid syndrome
Hypertensive kidney diseaseHypertensive kidney disease
Necrotizing enterocolitisNecrotizing enterocolitis
Human digestive systemHuman digestive system
TachycardiaTachycardia
Friedreichs signFriedreich's sign
Drotrecogin alfaDrotrecogin alfa
Hypertensive emergencyHypertensive emergency
HomeostasisHomeostasis
HemoglobinHemoglobin
Atrial fibrillationAtrial fibrillation
Sheehans syndromeSheehan's syndrome
SymptomSymptom
Secondary hypertensionSecondary hypertension
Inflammatory breast cancerInflammatory breast cancer
SepsisSepsis
Short statureShort stature
Vertebral artery dissectionVertebral artery dissection
Intracranial aneurysmIntracranial aneurysm
AspirinAspirin
Intracerebral hemorrhageIntracerebral hemorrhage
CT scanCT scan
ParacoccidioidomycosisParacoccidioidomycosis
Medical ultrasoundMedical ultrasound
APACHE IIAPACHE II
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Venous InsufficiencyVaricose UlcerVaricose VeinsVenous PressureLegPhlebographyPostphlebitic SyndromeBandagesChronic DiseaseFemoral VeinAdrenal InsufficiencyUltrasonography, Doppler, DuplexGravity SuitsLeg UlcerPlethysmographySaphenous VeinAzygos VeinIliac VeinPopliteal VeinVeinsRenal InsufficiencyFoot DermatosesStockings, CompressionVenous ValvesExocrine Pancreatic InsufficiencyJugular VeinsUltrasonography, Doppler, ColorCerebral VeinsPlacental InsufficiencyTourniquetsSclerotherapyLaser TherapyVenous ThrombosisPostthrombotic SyndromeHealth ResortsAirLower ExtremityAnatomic VariationEdemaPhotoplethysmographyVascular Surgical ProceduresMultiple SclerosisRutinWound HealingPeriostitisUltrasonography, DopplerSeverity of Illness IndexSclerosing SolutionsRegional Blood FlowOnychomycosisTreatment OutcomeVascular MalformationsConstriction, PathologicNursing AssessmentSubcutaneous TissueAnkleTime FactorsLigationMultiple Sclerosis, Chronic ProgressiveThrombophlebitisMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingVascular DiseasesFootCatheterization, PeripheralEndoscopyProspective StudiesPrimary Ovarian InsufficiencyPressureVascular PatencySkinHepatic InsufficiencyFollow-Up StudiesHemodynamicsRetrospective StudiesBlood Flow VelocityAddison DiseaseRecurrenceRisk FactorsCase-Control StudiesUltrasonography, Doppler, TranscranialRespiratory InsufficiencyPostoperative ComplicationsAortic Valve InsufficiencySpinal Cord
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency - WikipediaChronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency - Wikipedia
Venous insufficiency | Define Venous insufficiency at Dictionary.comVenous insufficiency | Define Venous insufficiency at Dictionary.com
Complications of Chronic Venous Insufficiency | SpringerLinkComplications of Chronic Venous Insufficiency | SpringerLink
Chronic Venous Insufficiency: UC Davis Vascular CenterChronic Venous Insufficiency: UC Davis Vascular Center
The Clinical Trial for Primary Chronic Venous Insufficiency - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govThe Clinical Trial for Primary Chronic Venous Insufficiency - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) is Not Associated With Multiple SclerosisChronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) is Not Associated With Multiple Sclerosis
Venous Insufficiency | Memorial HospitalVenous Insufficiency | Memorial Hospital
Chronic Venous Insufficiency | Memorial HospitalChronic Venous Insufficiency | Memorial Hospital
A Hydrostatic Pressure Stocking for the Treatment of Ulcers due to Chronic Venous Insufficiency | CirculationA Hydrostatic Pressure Stocking for the Treatment of Ulcers due to Chronic Venous Insufficiency | Circulation
NewYork-Presbyterian/Queens - Chronic Venous InsufficiencyNewYork-Presbyterian/Queens - Chronic Venous Insufficiency
No apparent link between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MSNo apparent link between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and MS
chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency | Physicians Weekly for Medical News, Journals & Articleschronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency | Physician's Weekly for Medical News, Journals & Articles
The Importance of Differentiating Leg Edema from Venous Insufficiency versus that of Congestive Heart FailureThe Importance of Differentiating Leg Edema from Venous Insufficiency versus that of Congestive Heart Failure
Chronic venous insufficiency - WikipediaChronic venous insufficiency - Wikipedia
How is venous insufficiency prevented?How is venous insufficiency prevented?
Venous insufficiency: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaVenous insufficiency: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
How does venous insufficiency cause nonhealing ulcers?How does venous insufficiency cause nonhealing ulcers?
Venous Insufficiency: Background, Anatomy, PathophysiologyVenous Insufficiency: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
Chronic Venous Insufficiency | Johns Hopkins MedicineChronic Venous Insufficiency | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Venous Insufficiency - HealthLibraryVenous Insufficiency - HealthLibrary
Chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and multiple sclerosis | SpringerLinkChronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and multiple sclerosis | SpringerLink
Patent US6613045 - Method and apparatus for treating venous insufficiency - Google PatentsuchePatent US6613045 - Method and apparatus for treating venous insufficiency - Google Patentsuche
Venous InsufficiencyVenous Insufficiency
Haemodynamic Management of Deep Venous Insufficiency | SpringerLinkHaemodynamic Management of Deep Venous Insufficiency | SpringerLink
Study shows pine bark naturally decreases severe chronic venous insufficiency | EurekAlert! Science NewsStudy shows pine bark naturally decreases severe chronic venous insufficiency | EurekAlert! Science News
Comparison of Treatments in Venous Insufficiency - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govComparison of Treatments in Venous Insufficiency - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) Prevention | Cleveland ClinicChronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) Prevention | Cleveland Clinic
Chronic Venous Insufficiency | Cooper University Health CareChronic Venous Insufficiency | Cooper University Health Care
Leg Vein Health | Venous Insufficiency & DVT | Health24Leg Vein Health | Venous Insufficiency & DVT | Health24
Chronic venous insufficiency Archives - ESCOPChronic venous insufficiency Archives - ESCOP
Chronic Venous InsufficiencyChronic Venous Insufficiency
Venous Insufficiency | PeaceHealthVenous Insufficiency | PeaceHealth
Novant Health Vein Specialists Launches New Health Campaign via Social Media to Educate Public About Venous InsufficiencyNovant Health Vein Specialists Launches New Health Campaign via Social Media to Educate Public About Venous Insufficiency
Venous Insufficiency | Sciton Aesthetic & Medical LasersVenous Insufficiency | Sciton Aesthetic & Medical Lasers
Vascular Support (Varicose Veins, Venous Insufficiency) Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.comVascular Support (Varicose Veins, Venous Insufficiency) Supplements Reviewed by ConsumerLab.com
Venous Insufficiency | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystVenous Insufficiency | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Venous InsufficiencyVaricose UlcerVaricose VeinsVenous PressureLegPhlebographyPostphlebitic SyndromeBandagesChronic DiseaseFemoral VeinAdrenal InsufficiencyUltrasonography, Doppler, DuplexGravity SuitsLeg UlcerPlethysmographySaphenous VeinAzygos VeinIliac VeinPopliteal VeinVeinsRenal InsufficiencyFoot DermatosesStockings, CompressionVenous ValvesExocrine Pancreatic InsufficiencyJugular VeinsUltrasonography, Doppler, ColorCerebral VeinsPlacental InsufficiencyTourniquetsSclerotherapyLaser TherapyVenous ThrombosisPostthrombotic SyndromeHealth ResortsAirLower ExtremityAnatomic VariationEdemaPhotoplethysmographyVascular Surgical ProceduresMultiple SclerosisRutinWound HealingPeriostitisUltrasonography, DopplerSeverity of Illness IndexSclerosing SolutionsRegional Blood FlowOnychomycosisTreatment OutcomeVascular MalformationsConstriction, PathologicNursing AssessmentSubcutaneous TissueAnkleTime FactorsLigationMultiple Sclerosis, Chronic ProgressiveThrombophlebitisMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingVascular DiseasesFootCatheterization, PeripheralEndoscopyProspective StudiesPrimary Ovarian InsufficiencyPressureVascular PatencySkinHepatic InsufficiencyFollow-Up StudiesHemodynamicsRetrospective StudiesBlood Flow VelocityAddison DiseaseRecurrenceRisk FactorsCase-Control StudiesUltrasonography, Doppler, TranscranialRespiratory InsufficiencyPostoperative ComplicationsAortic Valve InsufficiencySpinal Cord
Cerebrospinal venousCCSVIUlcersVeinsUlcerationMultiple sclerosisVeinRefluxIncompetenceDrainageUltrasoundAblationDiseaseHypertensionStenosisChronic Venous DisordersIncidence of venous insufficiencyPatients with venous insufficiencyPrimary venous insufficiencyUlcerDisordersClinicalValvesTreatmentUlcersTreat chronic venous insuffPrimary Chronic Venous InsuffEdemaLower extremityRisk factors for chronic venous insuffPeople with chronic venous insuffDiagnosis of chronic venous insuffSigns of venousStasis dermatitisDecreased venous returnDiseasesSuperficial venous systemAbnormalitiesExtracranialComplicationsBloodSymptoms of venous insufficiencySurgicalArterial insufficiencyCompression
Cerebrospinal venous10
CCSVI3
  • While the initial article on CCSVI claimed that abnormal venous function parameters were not seen in healthy people, others have noted that this is not the case. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was agreed that it was urgent to perform appropriate epidemiological studies to define the possible relationship between CCSVI and MS, although existing data did not support CCSVI as the cause of MS. Most of the venous problems in MS patients have been reported to be truncular venous malformations, including azygous stenosis, defective jugular valves and jugular vein aneurysms. (wikipedia.org)
  • This entry was posted in ccsvi , multiple sclerosis and tagged ccsvi , demyelination , venous stents , Zamboni . (wordpress.com)
Ulcers4
Veins14
Ulceration2
Multiple sclerosis1
Vein8
  • CONCLUSIONS: With progression of venous disease, the valve elastin content, assessed morphologically, seems to increase, and the endothelium of the venous valve and the vein wall tend to show more damage. (smw.ch)
  • Venous valves become more insufficient with increasing diameter of the vein, and additional insufficiency of the valve may be expected with progressive disease on the basis of diminishing elastin content and subsequent decreased mechanical function. (smw.ch)
  • The patients included were undergoing primary great saphenous vein (GSV) surgery for symptomatic chronic venous disorders, or undergoing arterial bypass surgery with GSV as graft material, at the Hospital of Thun. (smw.ch)
  • Saphenous vein ablation is used to treat venous insufficiency in the leg by ablating the vein using thermal energy. (memorialmedical.com)
  • No. The vein is already a problem, contributing do decreased efficacy of venous outflow from the leg. (inlandimaging.com)
  • Venography, while providing an accurate assessment of overall vein function, is also unable to provide details of venous hemnodynamics or flow. (inlandimaging.com)
  • This may be the result of raised intra-abdominal pressure reported in previous studies, leading to greater reflux, increased vein diameter and venous pressures. (blogspot.com)
  • Despite a low prevalence of a history of previous DVT, the prevalence of deep vein reflux was high and commonly combined with superficial venous reflux. (blogspot.com)
Reflux2
Incompetence1
Drainage4
  • The role of venous drainage issues in neurodegenerative diseases, however, is not new. (wordpress.com)
  • While I agree in part with Dr. Zamboni's theory on the role of venous drainage issues in neurodegenerative diseases, I have some points of contention I would like to discuss. (wordpress.com)
  • On the other hand, Dr. Zamboni's procedure may have far greater implications for its use than just MS. Furthermore, it lends credence to chiropractic claims of similar results in treating certain cases of neurodegenerative diseases using far less invasive and costly procedures, but based on a similar theory of venous drainage. (wordpress.com)
  • For now I am addressing venous drainage issues and their impact on overall cranial hydrodynamics and neurodegenerative diseases. (wordpress.com)
Ultrasound3
Ablation1
  • Elevation of the legs periodically during the day and the use of compression stockings may temporarily help the condition, but ultimately venous insufficiency is a mechanical problem that responds to mechanical solutions commonly performed today such as thermal or chemical energy ablation. (veindirectory.org)
Disease9
Hypertension1
  • Two suggested systemic medications are 1) micronized purified flavonoid fraction (protects the microcirculation from damage induced by venous hypertension) and 2) pentoxifylline (a vasodilator that inhibits cytokine-mediated neutrophil activation, white cell adhesion to endothelium, and oxidative stress). (accessmedicinenetwork.com)
Stenosis1
Chronic Venous Disorders1
  • The socioeconomic impact of chronic venous disorders of the lower limbs is highly relevant [1- (smw.ch)
Incidence of venous insufficiency1
  • Occupations involving prolonged standing also increase the incidence of venous insufficiency. (memorialhospitaljax.com)
Patients with venous insufficiency1
Primary venous insufficiency1
  • Pichot O, Sessa C, Chandler JG, Nuta M, Perrin M. Role of duplex imaging in endovenous obliteration for primary venous insufficiency. (inlandimaging.com)
Ulcer1
Disorders2
Clinical1
Valves1
Treatment1
Ulcers41
Treat chronic venous insuff4
Primary Chronic Venous Insuff6
Edema7
Lower extremity4
Risk factors for chronic venous insuff1
People with chronic venous insuff2
Diagnosis of chronic venous insuff1
Signs of venous1
  • I have had positive experience with both gotu kola and with Vitamin C bioflavinoids for signs of venous insufficiency. (consumerlab.com)
Stasis dermatitis1
  • Whe a venous ulcer begins to develop, stasis dermatitis may be present causing scaling and erythema of the lower extremities. (woundsource.com)
Decreased venous return1
Diseases4
Superficial venous system1
Abnormalities1
Extracranial2
Complications2
Blood17
Symptoms of venous insufficiency1
Surgical1
Arterial insufficiency1
  • Skin changes or ulcerations that are localized to the lateral aspect of the ankle are more likely to be related to prior trauma or arterial insufficiency than to pure venous insufficiency. (medscape.com)
Compression3
Multiple sclerosis - Science-Based Medicine
Multiple sclerosis - Science-Based Medicine (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
Complications of Chronic Venous Insufficiency | SpringerLink
Complications of Chronic Venous Insufficiency | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
NewYork-Presbyterian Queens - Chronic Venous Insufficiency
NewYork-Presbyterian Queens - Chronic Venous Insufficiency (nyhq.org)
Swollen ankles: 11 causes and how to treat them
Swollen ankles: 11 causes and how to treat them (medicalnewstoday.com)
Leg ulcers: Causes, Symptoms and Diagnosis
Leg ulcers: Causes, Symptoms and Diagnosis (healthline.com)
Venous Insufficiency: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
Venous Insufficiency: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology (emedicine.medscape.com)
Chronic Venous Insufficiency | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Chronic Venous Insufficiency | Johns Hopkins Medicine (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Venous Disease Treatment Program - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Venous Disease Treatment Program - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (massgeneral.org)
Edema Symptoms, Picture, Causes, and Drug & Natural Treatments
Edema Symptoms, Picture, Causes, and Drug & Natural Treatments (medicinenet.com)
Causes of Red Swollen Feet & Ankles | Livestrong.com
Causes of Red Swollen Feet & Ankles | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
Jonathan A. Higgins, MD
Jonathan A. Higgins, MD (orlandohealth.com)
Chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and multiple sclerosis | SpringerLink
Chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and multiple sclerosis | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Brain Health | Livestrong.com
Brain Health | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
What Is An Advance Wound Care Center? | Bangkok Hospital
What Is An Advance Wound Care Center? | Bangkok Hospital (bangkokhospital.com)
Endovascular Treatment for Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Endovascular Treatment for Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov (clinicaltrials.gov)
Alternative Medicine for Chronic Pain in 2020 - The Frisky
Alternative Medicine for Chronic Pain in 2020 - The Frisky (thefrisky.com)
Weight Gain And Bigger Boobs Are Birth Control Myths - The Frisky
Weight Gain And Bigger Boobs Are Birth Control Myths - The Frisky (thefrisky.com)
I Have … Blood Clots - The Frisky
I Have … Blood Clots - The Frisky (thefrisky.com)
Natural Ways to Thrive as a New Mom - The Frisky
Natural Ways to Thrive as a New Mom - The Frisky (thefrisky.com)
Harvard Heart Letter: October 2016 - Harvard Health
Harvard Heart Letter: October 2016 - Harvard Health (health.harvard.edu)
Evidence against the Involvement of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis. A Case-Control Study
Evidence against the Involvement of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis. A Case-Control Study (journals.plos.org)
Home Remedies to Get Rid of Spider Veins | Livestrong.com
Home Remedies to Get Rid of Spider Veins | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
Acta Medica Martiniana
Acta Medica Martiniana (degruyter.com)
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) Prevention | Cleveland Clinic
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) Prevention | Cleveland Clinic (my.clevelandclinic.org)
Foot Health: Causes of Swollen Feet and Ankles
Foot Health: Causes of Swollen Feet and Ankles (onhealth.com)
Pine Bark Extract: Good for Healthy Circulation - Us Smart Publications
Pine Bark Extract: Good for Healthy Circulation - Us Smart Publications (smart-publications.com)
Services | Vascular Center | Boston Medical Center
Services | Vascular Center | Boston Medical Center (bmc.org)
Plus it
Plus it (cmaj.ca)
Center for Vein Restoration Celebrates National Nurses Week
Center for Vein Restoration Celebrates National Nurses Week (prweb.com)
MS research update - Memory training changes brain wiring - 21 June 2012 | MS Trust
MS research update - Memory training changes brain wiring - 21 June 2012 | MS Trust (mstrust.org.uk)
French pine bark contains powerful antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that ease symptoms of chronic disorders like...
French pine bark contains powerful antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that ease symptoms of chronic disorders like... (naturalnews.com)
Https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182793.php
Https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182793.php (medicalnewstoday.com)
What is the pathogenesis of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment?
What is the pathogenesis of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment? (medscape.com)