Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.
The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.
An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.
An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.
The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
21-Amino-acid peptides produced by vascular endothelial cells and functioning as potent vasoconstrictors. The endothelin family consists of three members, ENDOTHELIN-1; ENDOTHELIN-2; and ENDOTHELIN-3. All three peptides contain 21 amino acids, but vary in amino acid composition. The three peptides produce vasoconstrictor and pressor responses in various parts of the body. However, the quantitative profiles of the pharmacological activities are considerably different among the three isopeptides.
A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)
Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.
The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.
The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.
The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.
Cell surface proteins that bind ENDOTHELINS with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells.
A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)
The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.
Part of the arm in humans and primates extending from the ELBOW to the WRIST.
A subtype of endothelin receptor found predominantly in the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It has a high affinity for ENDOTHELIN-1 and ENDOTHELIN-2.
The circulation of the BLOOD through the vessels of the KIDNEY.
An indirect sympathomimetic. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).
A subtype of endothelin receptor found predominantly in the KIDNEY. It may play a role in reducing systemic ENDOTHELIN levels.
The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.
The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.
The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Synthetic compounds that are analogs of the naturally occurring prostaglandin endoperoxides and that mimic their pharmacologic and physiologic activities. They are usually more stable than the naturally occurring compounds.
Teleost hormones. A family of small peptides isolated from urophyses of bony fishes. They have many different physiological effects, including long-lasting hypotensive activity and have been proposed as antihypertensives. There are at least four different compounds: urotensin I, urotensin II, urotensin III, and urotensin IV.
A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.
A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.
A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.
Cell surface proteins that bind THROMBOXANES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Some thromboxane receptors act via the inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol second messenger systems.
A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS supplying the abdominal VISCERA.
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)
A norepinephrine derivative used as a vasoconstrictor agent.
Eicosatetraenoic acids substituted in any position by one or more hydroxy groups. They are important intermediates in a series of biosynthetic processes leading from arachidonic acid to a number of biologically active compounds such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.
An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.
A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.
A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.
Venoms from SNAKES of the viperid family. They tend to be less toxic than elapid or hydrophid venoms and act mainly on the vascular system, interfering with coagulation and capillary membrane integrity and are highly cytotoxic. They contain large amounts of several enzymes, other factors, and some toxins.
Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL).
A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.
Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.
A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.
Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS.
A method of non-invasive, continuous measurement of MICROCIRCULATION. The technique is based on the values of the DOPPLER EFFECT of low-power laser light scattered randomly by static structures and moving tissue particulates.
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
Nerve fibers liberating catecholamines at a synapse after an impulse.
The TEMPERATURE at the outer surface of the body.
Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).
A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Agents, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues for the control of bleeding or secretions.
Nerve fibers which project from sympathetic ganglia to synapses on target organs. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers use norepinephrine as transmitter, except for those innervating eccrine sweat glands (and possibly some blood vessels) which use acetylcholine. They may also release peptide cotransmitters.
An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)

Nitric oxide limits the eicosanoid-dependent bronchoconstriction and hypotension induced by endothelin-1 in the guinea-pig. (1/3794)

1. This study attempts to investigate if endogenous nitric oxide (NO) can modulate the eicosanoid-releasing properties of intravenously administered endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the pulmonary and circulatory systems in the guinea-pig. 2. The nitric oxide synthase blocker N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 300 microM; 30 min infusion) potentiated, in an L-arginine sensitive fashion, the release of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) stimulated by ET-1, the selective ET(B) receptor agonist IRL 1620 (Suc-[Glu9,Ala11,15]-ET-1(8-21)) or bradykinin (BK) (5, 50 and 50 nM, respectively, 3 min infusion) in guinea-pig isolated and perfused lungs. 3. In anaesthetized and ventilated guinea-pigs intravenous injection of ET-1 (0.1-1.0 nmol kg(-1)), IRL 1620 (0.2-1.6 nmol kg(-1)), BK (1.0-10.0 nmol kg(-1)) or U 46619 (0.2-5.7 nmol kg(-1)) each induced dose-dependent increases in pulmonary insufflation pressure (PIP). Pretreatment with L-NAME (5 mg kg(-1)) did not change basal PIP, but increased, in L-arginine sensitive manner, the magnitude of the PIP increases (in both amplitude and duration) triggered by each of the peptides (at 0.25, 0.4 and 1.0 nmol kg(-1), respectively), without modifying bronchoconstriction caused by U 46619 (0.57 nmol kg(-1)). 4. The increases in PIP induced by ET-1, IRL 1620 (0.25 and 0.4 nmol kg(-1), respectively) or U 46619 (0.57 nmol kg(-1)) were accompanied by rapid and transient increases of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Pretreatment with L-NAME (5 mg kg(-1); i.v. raised basal MAP persistently and, under this condition, subsequent administration of ET-1 or IRL 1620, but not of U-46619, induced hypotensive responses which were prevented by pretreatment with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. 5. Thus, endogenous NO appears to modulate ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction and pressor effects in the guinea-pig by limiting the peptide's ability to induce, possibly via ET(B) receptors, the release of TxA2 in the lungs and of vasodilatory prostanoids in the systemic circulation. Furthermore, it would seem that these eicosanoid-dependent actions of ET-1 in the pulmonary system and on systemic arterial resistance in this species are physiologically dissociated.  (+info)

Effect of acute and long-term treatment with 17-beta-estradiol on the vasomotor responses in the rat aorta. (2/3794)

1. This study sought to evaluate whether the effects of acute and long-term treatment with 17-beta-estradiol on the vasomotor responses in rat aortic rings are mediated through the same mechanism. 2. Ovariectomized rats were treated daily with either 17-beta-estradiol-3-benzoate (100 microg kg(-1)) or vehicle for 1 week. 3. The effect of long-term 17-beta-estradiol treatment on the responses to cumulative doses of phenylephrine, 5-HT, calcium, potassium and 17-beta-estradiol was determined in aortic rings. In the same rings, the effect of acute exposure to 17-beta-estradiol (5 and 10 microM) on the dose response curves for phenylephrine, 5-HT, calcium, potassium and acetylcholine were estimated. The measurements were made in rings with and without intact endothelium. The tone-related basal release of nitric oxide (NO) was measured in rings with intact endothelium. 4. Long-term 17-beta-estradiol treatment reduced the maximum developed contraction to all contracting agents studied. This effect was abolished in endothelium denuded vessels. Acute 17-beta-estradiol treatment also reduced maximal contraction. This effect, however, was independent of the endothelium. 5. Long-term 17-beta-estradiol treatment significantly increased the ability of the rings to dilate in response to acetylcholine whereas acute exposure to 17-beta-estradiol had no effect. The tone-related release of NO was significantly increased after long-term exposure to 17-beta-estradiol. 6. In conclusion, this study indicate that the acute and long-term effects of 17-beta-estradiol in the rat aorta are mediated through different mechanisms. The long-term effect is mediated through the endothelium most likely by increasing NO release. In contrast, the acute effect of 17-beta-estradiol seems to be through an effect on the vascular smooth muscle cells.  (+info)

Anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in BP2 mice: interactions between serotonin and acetylcholine. (3/3794)

1. Immunized BP2 mice developed an acute bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro in response to ovalbumin (OA) and these contractions were dose dependent. 2. Methysergide or atropine inhibited OA-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro. 3. Neostigmine potentiated the OA-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo and airway muscle contraction in vitro of BP2 mice. This potentiation was markedly reduced by the administration of methysergide or atropine and when the two antagonists were administered together, the responses were completely inhibited. 4. Neostigmine also potentiated the serotonin (5-HT)- and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced bronchoconstriction and this potentiation was significantly reversed by atropine. 5. These results indicate that OA provokes a bronchoconstriction in immunized BP2 mice by stimulating the release of 5-HT, which in turn acts via the cholinergic mediator, ACh.  (+info)

Modulation of temperature-induced tone by vasoconstrictor agents. (4/3794)

One of the primary cardiovascular adjustments to hyperthermia is a sympathetically mediated increase in vascular resistance in the viscera. Nonneural factors such as a change in vascular tone or reactivity may also contribute to this response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether vascular smooth muscle tone is altered during heating to physiologically relevant temperatures >37 degrees C. Gradually increasing bath temperature from 37 degrees C (normothermia) to 43 degrees C (severe hyperthermia) produced graded contractions in vascular ring segments from rat mesenteric arteries and thoracic aortae. In untreated rings these contractions were relatively small, whereas hyperthermia elicited near-maximal increases in tension when rings were constricted with phenylephrine or KCl before heating. In phenylephrine-treated mesenteric arterial rings, the contractile responses to heating were markedly attenuated by the Ca2+ channel antagonists nifedipine and diltiazem. Diltiazem also blocked the contractile responses to heating in thoracic aortic rings. These results demonstrate that hyperthermia has a limited effect on tension generation in rat vascular smooth muscle in the absence of vascular tone. However, in the presence of agonist-induced tone, tension generation during heating is markedly enhanced and dependent on extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, these data suggest that local regulation of vascular tone can contribute to the hemodynamic adjustments to hyperthermia.  (+info)

Spread of vasodilatation and vasoconstriction along feed arteries and arterioles of hamster skeletal muscle. (5/3794)

1. In arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch, vasodilatation and vasoconstriction can spread via the conduction of electrical signals through gap junctions between cells that comprise the vessel wall. However, conduction in resistance networks supplying other tissues has received relatively little attention. In anaesthetized hamsters, we have investigated the spread of dilatation and constriction along feed arteries and arterioles of the retractor muscle, which is contiguous with the cheek pouch. 2. When released from a micropipette, acetylcholine (ACh) triggered vasodilatation that spread rapidly along feed arteries external to the muscle and arterioles within the muscle. Responses were independent of changes in wall shear rate, perivascular nerve activity, or release of nitric oxide, indicating cell-to-cell conduction. 3. Vasodilatation conducted without decrement along unbranched feed arteries, yet decayed markedly in arteriolar networks. Thus, branching of the conduction pathway dissipated the vasodilatation. 4. Noradrenaline (NA) or a depolarizing KCl stimulus evoked constriction of arterioles and feed arteries of the retractor muscle that was constrained to the vicinity of the micropipette. This behaviour contrasts sharply with the conduction of vasodilatation in these microvessels and with the conduction of vasoconstriction elicited by NA and KCl in cheek pouch arterioles. 5. Focal electrical stimulation produced constriction that spread rapidly along feed arteries and arterioles. These responses were inhibited by tetrodotoxin or prazosin, confirming the release of NA along perivascular sympathetic nerves, which are absent from arterioles studied in the cheek pouch. Thus, sympathetic nerve activity co-ordinated the contraction of smooth muscle cells as effectively as the conduction of vasodilatation co-ordinated their relaxation. 6. In the light of previous findings in the cheek pouch, the properties of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation in feed arteries and arterioles of the retractor muscle indicate that substantive differences can exist in the nature of signal transmission along microvessels of tissues that differ in structure and function.  (+info)

Angiotensin II-induced constrictions are masked by bovine retinal vessels. (6/3794)

PURPOSE: To unmask the vasoconstricting effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on retinal smooth muscle by studying its interaction with endothelium-derived paracrine substances. This study focused specifically on determining the changes in vascular diameter and the release of endothelial-derived vasodilators, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) I2, from isolated retinal microvessels. METHODS: Bovine retinal central artery and vein were cannulated, and arterioles and venules were perfused with oxygenated/heparinized physiological salt solution at 37 degrees C. This ex vivo perfused retinal microcirculation model was used to observe the contractile effects of Ang II on arterioles and venules of different diameters. The NO and PGI2 synthase inhibitors, 1-NOARG and flurbiprofen, respectively, were used to unmask Ang II vasoconstriction; the changes in vascular diameters were then measured. Enzyme immunoassays were used to measure the release of cGMP (an index of NO release) and 6-keto-PG-F1alpha (a stable metabolite of PGI2) from isolated bovine retinal vessels. RESULTS: Topically applied Ang II (10(-10) M to 10(-4) M) caused significant (P < 0.05) arteriolar and venular constrictions in a dose-dependent manner, with the smallest retinal arterioles (7+/-0.2 microm luminal diameter) and venules (12+/-2 microm luminal diameter) significantly more sensitive than larger vessels. After the inhibition of endogenous NO and PGI2 synthesis by 1-NOARG and flurbiprofen, respectively, the vasoconstriction effects of Ang II became more pronounced. Again, the smallest vessels tested were significantly more sensitive, and synthesis of endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), therefore, may be most important in these vessels. Vasoactive doses of Ang II (10(-10) M to 10(-4) M) caused a dose-dependent increase in the release of NO and PGI2 from isolated bovine retinal vessels, indicating that the increase in EDRF may nullify direct Ang II-induced vasoconstriction. Interestingly, intraluminal administration of Ang II caused only vasodilation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the retinal vascular endothelium acts as a buffer against the vasoconstricting agent Ang II via release of vasodilators NO and PGI2, and the vasoconstriction effects due to Ang II are most prominent in the smallest diameter vessels.  (+info)

Epidermal growth factor: a potent vasoconstrictor in experimental hypertension. (7/3794)

We have tested the hypothesis that growth factor signaling pathways are augmented in hypertension, a disease associated with vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Thoracic aorta was dissected from deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA-salt) and one kidney, one clip (1K, 1C) hypertensive rats and from sham normotensive rats for use in isolated tissue bath experiments. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in DOCA-salt and 1K, 1C than in normotensive sham rats: 192 +/- 7, 185 +/- 10, and 117 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively. Although virtually no contraction to epidermal growth factor (EGF) was observed in endothelium-denuded sham rat aorta [1 +/- 1% phenylephrine (PE) (10 micromol/l)-induced contraction], the maximal EGF-induced contraction was 45 +/- 7% in endothelium-denuded aorta from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats and 39 +/- 7% in aorta from 1K, 1C rats. Although slightly attenuated, a contraction to EGF was still observed in endothelium-intact aortic strips from 28-day DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. We also conducted concentration-response curves to EGF on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 of DOCA-salt therapy. A significant contraction to EGF in aorta from DOCA-salt rats was observed on day 14, when DOCA-salt rats had significantly higher blood pressure than sham rats: 188 +/- 6 and 122 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively. Transforming growth factor-alpha, an agonist of the EGF receptor, contracted DOCA-salt rat aorta (30 +/- 7% PE-induced contraction) but not sham aorta (3 +/- 3%). The EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor 4,5-dianilinophthalimide (10 micromol/l), the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD-098059 (10 micromol/l), and the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitor diltiazem (1 mol/l), but not the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 micromol/l), virtually abolished EGF-induced contraction (85, 98, and 99% reduction, respectively). These data support a striking difference in EGF signaling between normotensive and hypertensive animals. Furthermore, they provide evidence that growth factors should be considered vasoconstrictors as well as growth modulators in hypertension.  (+info)

Norepinephrine stimulates lymphoid cell mobilization from the perfused rat spleen via beta-adrenergic receptors. (8/3794)

The possibility that norepinephrine (NE) influences lymphoid cell outflow independently of its vasoconstrictor action was investigated in the perfused rat spleen. Using agents that affect the vasoconstrictor tonus of the spleen, we observed an inverse correlation between flow resistance and splenic cell output. The curve obtained served as a reference for evaluating effects of different treatments on the number of cells that are mobilized at defined levels of flow resistance. Perfusion of the beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol either alone or in combination with NE lowered splenic leukocyte outflow clearly beyond the number of cells expected at the corresponding flow resistance. No comparable effects were observed when the alpha-adrenergic blocker phentolamine was perfused. When the vasoconstrictor effect of NE was counteracted by papaverine, splenic cell outflow was significantly higher than expected for the level of flow resistance attained. Furthermore, when NE was perfused together with endotoxin, which does not inhibit the vasoconstriction induced by catecholamines, splenic cell mobilization was severalfold higher than expected at increased flow resistance. Propranolol abrogated this effect to a large extent. Furthermore, perfusion of the beta-agonist isoproterenol stimulated lymphoid cell outflow from the spleen despite increased flow resistance. These studies show a dual effect of NE on cell mobilization from the spleen: cell retention by decreasing blood flow and stimulation of cell output by a beta-adrenergically mediated, smooth muscle-independent mechanism.  (+info)

ISBN 978-0-07-136704-2. Yagiela JA (1995). "Vasoconstrictor agents for local anesthesia". Anesthesia Progress. 42 (3-4): 116- ... which is usually water-based or just sterile water Vasoconstrictor possibly (see below) Reducing agent (antioxidant), e.g. if ... the maximum doses of LAs when combined with a vasoconstrictor is higher compared to the same LA without any vasoconstrictor. ... Local anaesthetics and vasoconstrictors may be administered to pregnant patients however it is very important to be extra ...
Yagiela JA (1995). "Vasoconstrictor agents for local anesthesia". Anesth Prog. 42 (3-4): 116-20. PMC 2148913. PMID 8934977. ... Vasoconstrictors are also used clinically to increase blood pressure or to reduce local blood flow. Vasoconstrictors mixed with ... Many vasoconstrictors also cause pupil dilation. Medications that cause vasoconstriction include: antihistamines, decongestants ... Medications causing vasoconstriction, also known as vasoconstrictors, are one type of medicine used to raise blood pressure. ...
... is a vasoconstrictor, haemostatic and renal agent. H. Fruhstofer, M.D., M. Heisler, M.D. (1994). "Dose-response ...
It is regulated by vasoconstrictors (agents that cause vasoconstriction). These include paracrine factors (e.g. prostaglandins ...
... is a vasoconstrictor and a potent hypertensive agent, and it facilitates platelet aggregation. It is in homeostatic ... Ratti, S; Quarato, P; Casagrande, C; Fumagalli, R; Corsini, A (1998). "Picotamide, an antithromboxane agent, inhibits the ...
Some agents come in two forms: with and without epinephrine (adrenaline) or other vasoconstrictor that allow the agent to last ... The lingual nerve is also anesthetized through diffusion of the agent to produce a numb tongue as well as anesthetizing the ... There are mainly 2 classes of local anaesthetic agents: Amide or Ester linkages, based on their chemical structure. E.g. of ... In root canal treatment, for example, more Lidocaine is required than for a simple filling Other local anesthetic agents in ...
... is a sympathomimetic agent and vasoconstrictor which was formerly used as a nasal decongestant. It has also been used as a ... Tuaminoheptane has been found to act as a reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent of norepinephrine, which may underlie its ... The chemical structure of the drug differs from that of other norepinephrine releasing agents, such as the phenethylamines, ... 623-. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3. I.K. Morton; Judith M. Hall (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: ...
There are no restrictions regarding the type of local anaesthetic agent used although those with vasoconstrictors may provide ... Surgicel or fibrin glue in conjunction with post-operatively administered antifibrinolytic agents where appropriate. The use of ...
Topical cocaine is sometimes used as a local numbing agent and vasoconstrictor to help control pain and bleeding with surgery ... When the Spanish arrived in South America, the conquistadors at first banned coca as an "evil agent of devil". But after ... Dwyer C, Sowerby L, Rotenberg BW (August 2016). "Is cocaine a safe topical agent for use during endoscopic sinus surgery?". The ... Although some absorption and systemic effects may occur, the use of cocaine as a topical anesthetic and vasoconstrictor is ...
Ferric sulfate, sodium hypochlorite or a local anaesthetic solution containing a vasoconstrictor agent can be used to arrest ... It is also recommended to be the preferred pulpotomy agent in the future. After the coronal pulp chamber is filled, the tooth ... Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 is conventionally used as a pulpotomy agent of the permanent teeth but with less long term success. ... Fei, A. L.; Udin, R. D.; Johnson, R. (November 1991). "A clinical study of ferric sulphate as a pulpotomy agent in primary ...
"Influence of hemostatic agents upon the outcome of periapical surgery: Dressings with anesthetic and vasoconstrictor or ... These topical agents should be removed before closing the surgical site. When the flap has been sutured in position, ... Bleeding in the bone is also affected by the local anaesthetic's vasoconstriction and topically-applied agents. ... Local anaesthetic, with an appropriate vasoconstrictor, is used during endodontic surgery to achieve anaesthesia and ...
Steroid-containing agents should not be used for more than 14 days, as they may cause thinning of the skin. Most agents include ... and a vasoconstrictor such as epinephrine. Some contain Balsam of Peru to which certain people may be allergic. Flavonoids are ... While many topical agents and suppositories are available for the treatment of hemorrhoids, little evidence supports their use ... These may include a barrier cream such as petroleum jelly or zinc oxide, an analgesic agent such as lidocaine, ...
... with the vasoactive pharmacological agents (vasoconstrictors or vasodilators and/or ACE Inhibitors and/or ARBs)(ACE = ... cardioactive or vasoactive agents. The measurement of CI and its derivatives allow clinicians to make timely patient assessment ... Pharmacological modulation of contractility is performed with cardioactive inotropic agents (positive or negative inotropes) ...
Norepinephrine releasing agents, Stimulants, Sympathomimetics, Vasoconstrictors, Vasodilators). ... norepinephrine is the major vasoconstrictor through stimulation of α1 receptors on the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. Under ...
Vasoconstrictors, Inotropic agents, World Health Organization essential medicines, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to ...
Vasoconstrictors, Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents, All stub articles, Nervous system drug stubs). ...
Types of long-term therapy for vasovagal syncope include Preload agents Vasoconstrictors Anticholinergic agents Negative ... cardiac inotropes Central agents Mechanical device Discontinuation of medications known to lower blood pressure may be helpful ...
Vasoconstrictors, Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents, Substituted amphetamines, Entactogens and empathogens). ... Mephedrone is a monoamine releasing agent. It is a chiral compound and both of its enantiomers display similar potency as ...
In patients who has been administered with digitalis agents (digoxin, methyl-digoxin), the vasoconstrictor dose should be ... It is very important to limit the use of vasoconstrictor in local anesthesia, with no more than two carpules. The treatment ...
However, for every end-point investigated, while albumin was favorable as compared to other agents (e.g., plasma expanders, ... vasoconstrictors), these were not statistically significant and the meta-analysis was limited by the quality of the studies - ...
Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents, Stimulants, Sympathomimetics, TAAR1 agonists, Vasoconstrictors, VMAT inhibitors). ...
Some antihypotensive drugs act as vasoconstrictors to increase total peripheral resistance, others sensitize adrenoreceptors to ... An antihypotensive agent, also known as a vasopressor agent or simply vasopressor, or pressor, is any substance, whether ... Antihypotensive agents can be classified as follows:[citation needed] Sympathomimetics Epinephrine Noradrenaline Phenylephrine ... Betamethasone Fludrocortisone Positive inotropic agents Cardiac glycosides Strophantin K Convallatoxin Digoxin PDE3 inhibitors ...
In 1948, Maurice M. Rapport, Arda Green, and Irvine Page of the Cleveland Clinic discovered a vasoconstrictor substance in ... blood serum, and since it was a serum agent affecting vascular tone, they named it serotonin. In 1952 it was shown that ... "Serum vasoconstrictor, serotonin; isolation and characterization". J. Biol. Chem. 176 (3): 1243-51. PMID 18100415. Feldberg W, ...
... and Irvine Page of the Cleveland Clinic discovered a vasoconstrictor substance in blood serum, and since it was a serum agent ... These agents are available as dietary supplements and in various foods, and may be effective serotonergic agents. One product ... When the platelets bind to a clot, they release serotonin, where it can serve as a vasoconstrictor or a vasodilator while ... It is thus active wherever platelets bind in damaged tissue, as a vasoconstrictor to stop bleeding, and also as a fibrocyte ...
... viewed as a first-line agent in most people with edema caused by congestive heart failure because of its anti-vasoconstrictor ... Furosemide is a known ototoxic agent generally causing transient hearing loss but can be permanent. Reported cases of ...
It is important to note that phentolamine is not a first-line agent for this indication. Phentolamine should only be given to ... Branded as OraVerse, it is a phentolamine mesylate injection designed to reverse the local vasoconstrictor properties used in ... Antihypertensive agents, Disulfiram-like drugs, Imidazolines, Phenols, Vasodilators, 4-Tolyl compounds). ... Phentolamine is marketed in the dental field as a local anesthetic reversal agent. ...
Thus, the same enzyme (ACE) that generates a vasoconstrictor (ANG II) also disposes of vasodilators (bradykinin). ACE is a zinc ... Reflecting the critical role of zinc, ACE can be inhibited by metal-chelating agents. The E384 residue is mechanistically ... Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor in a substrate concentration-dependent manner. Angiotensin II binds to the type 1 ... It converts the hormone angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Therefore, ACE indirectly increases blood ...
... acts as a releasing agent of the catecholamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine ( ... classified as a vasoconstrictor. Cyclopentamine was indicated in the past as an over-the-counter (OTC) medication for use as a ... Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents, Stimulants, Sympathomimetics, Cyclopentyl compounds). ...
In the inter-war period, the first anti-bacterial agents such as the sulpha antibiotics were developed. The Second World War ... vasoconstrictors, vasodilators. Affecting blood pressure/(antihypertensive drugs): ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor ... These were drugs that worked chiefly as anti-anxiety agents and muscle relaxants. The first benzodiazepine was Librium. Three ... Antifungal, alkalinizing agents, quinolones, antibiotics, cholinergics, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, 5-alpha reductase ...
... is a medicine used as a decongestant, and a vasoconstrictor added to eye drops to relieve red eye. It has a rapid ... It is a sympathomimetic agent with marked alpha adrenergic activity that acts on alpha-receptors in the arterioles of the ...
Ratti S, Quarato P, Casagrande C, Fumagalli R, Corsini A (August 1998). "Picotamide, an antithromboxane agent, inhibits the ... a potent vasoconstrictor and inducer of platelet aggregation, and also to 12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (i.e. 12-(S)-hydroxy ...
Unstable hemodynamics with mean arterial pressure (MAP)< 55 mmHg despite vasoconstrictors administration Uncontrolled ... on vasoactive agents and systemic hemodynamics in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis". 4th ISAD 2002 Abstrac. Dethloff, T ... "Effect of the molecular adsorbent recirculating system and Prometheus devices on systemic haemodynamics and vasoactive agents ... in the management of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome in patients with cirrhosis with ascites who have failed vasoconstrictor ...
The betel leaf chewed along with the nut contains eugenol, another vasoconstrictor. Tobacco leaf is often added to the mixture ... ISBN 978-92-832-1285-0. See table for Group 1 carcinogen agents in Beatrice Secretan; et al. (2009). "A review of human ... In October 2009, 30 scientists from 10 countries met at IARC to reassess the carcinogenicity of various agents including areca ...
They are normally well tolerated but the vasoconstrictor effects can lead to problematic side effects such as nausea, dizziness ... CGRP can also release inflammatory agents and cause nervous system sensitization. It is theorized that by antagonizing the CGRP ... Due to their safety, efficacy and selectivity, triptans are considered first line agents for abortion of migraines. These ... October 2021). "Comparison of New Pharmacologic Agents With Triptans for Treatment of Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta- ...
Palm C, Pistrosch F, Herbrig K, Gross P (July 2006). "Vasopressin antagonists as aquaretic agents for the treatment of ... which may cause unopposed hyperstimulation of the vasoconstrictor V1 receptor. Given the potential hyperstimulation of V1R, ... A vasopressin receptor antagonist (VRA) is an agent that interferes with action at the vasopressin receptors. Most commonly ... will likely be the preferred agent. Selective V2R antagonists such as tolvaptan, lixivaptan etc. will likely be useful in ...
Vasoconstrictor action of cocaine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1939 65:150-155. Crosby's Syndrome, ... 1964 May 22;144:1015-6 Effect of agents simulating the abnormalities of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient red ...
Agents commonly administered include ergonovine and acetylcholine. Both pharmacological agents have vasoconstrictive effects on ... If and when vasoconstrictor stimuli act upon the hyperreactive segment of the artery, then vasospasm can result. Ultimately, ... Specifically, these agents work by enhancing the production of nitric oxide from endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Normally, ... The reason for this is due to the adverse effects of these pharmacological agents. When coronary vasospasm causes an artery to ...
Parenteral agents are classified into beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, systemic vasodilators, or other (fenoldopam, ... likely related to humoral vasoconstrictors Endothelial injury and dysfunction Fibrinoid necrosis of the arterioles Deposition ... Patients should have their blood pressure slowly lowered over a period of minutes to hours with an antihypertensive agent. ... Several classes of anti hypertensive agents are recommended, with the choice depending on the cause of the hypertensive crisis ...
... vasoconstrictor agents MeSH D27.505.954.411.793.205 - calcium channel agonists MeSH D27.505.954.411.793.610 - nasal ... antiviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077 - anti-retroviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077.088 - anti-hiv agents MeSH ... tocolytic agents MeSH D27.505.954.016 - anti-allergic agents MeSH D27.505.954.122 - anti-infective agents MeSH D27.505.954.122. ... tranquilizing agents MeSH D27.505.696.277.950.015 - anti-anxiety agents MeSH D27.505.696.277.950.025 - antimanic agents MeSH ...
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a mitogen and insulin tropic agent for the β cell. Inadequate β-cell mass can lead to insulin ... Is a vasoconstrictor peptide released from vascular endothelial cells. At the cellular level, the balance between vasodilator ( ... That is why nesfatin-1 has drawn attention as a new therapeutic agent, especially for the treatment of obesity and diabetes ... ET-1 In addition to its direct vasoconstrictor effects, it causes changes in visceral and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), ...
This is a list of local anesthetic agents. Not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. Some are ... anesthesia Dibucaine number Epidural Intravenous regional anesthesia Local anesthesia Local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor ...
By binding to thromboxane A2 synthase it negates the effects and prevents it from acting like a vasoconstrictor. Because of ... In addition it increased the sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. This significantly ... Thromboxane A2, the compound synthesized by this enzyme, promotes the aggregation of platelets and is a vasoconstrictor. The ...
A nasogastric tube is used for feeding and administering drugs and other oral agents such as activated charcoal. For drugs and ... nasal vasoconstrictor and/or anesthetic spray may be applied before the insertion) and inserted into one of the patient's ...
More specifically, it can refer to vasodilator action and vasoconstrictor action. Sympathetic nerve fibers travel around the ... to the tumour cells can cause the cells to be radio-resistant and resulted in reduced accessibility to chemotherapeutic agents ... Endothelin, and angiotensin are the vasoconstrictors of smooth muscles while nitric oxide and prostacyclin are vasodilators of ...
A central paradigm holds responsible an excess local pulmonary production of vasoconstrictors that occurs while vasodilatation ... endothelin receptor antagonists and agents capable of reversing the remodeling of pulmonary vasculature.[citation needed] ... ET-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictor under investigation and it has been found to be increased in both cirrhosis and ... a nonspecific endothelin-receptor antagonist capable of neutralizing the most identifiable cirrhosis associated vasoconstrictor ...
Her research found a direct correlation between the platelet count of human blood, and its vasoconstrictor activity after ... Bick, Marjorie, Fishbein, Lawrence (1972). "Effect of certain drugs and environmental agents on microsomal enzyme systems". ...
Theobromine Theophylline Methylliberine Adderall Amphetamine Cocaine Nootropic Wakefulness-promoting agent Notes In 1819, Runge ... Vasoconstrictors, Xanthines, Alkaloids found in plants, Ergogenic aids, Stimulants, Multiple Chemboxes, Components of chocolate ... an agent that reduces the effects of adenosine). The caffeine molecule is structurally similar to adenosine, and is capable of ... As of 2007 there is no known antidote or reversal agent for caffeine intoxication, treatment of mild caffeine intoxication is ...
Substances called vasoconstrictors reduce the caliber of blood vessels, thereby increasing blood pressure. Vasodilators (such ... and there is some evidence that different antihypertensive agents have different effects on blood pressure variability; whether ... Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor that will increase blood flow to the heart and subsequently the preload, ultimately ... the kidney to compensate for loss in blood volume or drops in arterial pressure by activating an endogenous vasoconstrictor ...
Inotropic agents and vasoconstrictors. Dopamine (high dose). ,10 mcg/kg/min. Alpha, beta 1, dopamine ... the inadequate tissue perfusion is caused by loss of the normal responses of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictive agents ... impaired microvascular response to endogenous vasoconstrictors such as norepinephrine) and myocardial function (direct ...
Vasoconstrictor Responses to Vasopressor Agents in Human Pulmonary and Radial Arteries: An In Vitro Study. Anesthesiology (2014 ... Clinical Grade ACE2 as a Universal Agent to Block SARS-CoV-2 Variants. bioRxiv (2021) 10:2021.09.10.459744. doi: 10.1101/ ... This proposal is also in agreement with the view that oxytocin may be repurposed as an agent for treatment of the COVID-19 ... short-term fortification against infectious agents and slow down the spread of COVID-19 (21, 22). Recent construction of ...
This agent prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, resulting in lower aldosterone ... Olmesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking binding of angiotensin II to the AT-1 ... These agents reduce blood pressure and proteinuria, protecting renal function and delaying onset of end-stage renal disease ( ... Candesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II. It may induce more complete ...
... which is a vasoconstrictor and a secondary platelet activating agent.. FIGURE 1.: Platelet activation and disturbances due to ...
May potentiate pressor effects of sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor agents during or after caudal block anesth. Click to view ... May enhance vasopressor effects of vasoconstrictors, sympathomimetics, local anesth. ...
you use any other vasoconstrictor agents such as nasal decongestants, whether administered orally or nasally ...
Vasoconstrictor agents for local anesthesia. Anesth Prog 1995;42(3-4):116-20. * Google ...
Vasoconstrictor Agents Entry term(s):. Agent, Vasoconstrictor. Agent, Vasopressor. Agents, Vasoconstrictor. Agents, Vasopressor ... Vasoconstrictor. Vasoconstrictor Agent. Vasoconstrictor Drug. Vasoconstrictor Drugs. Vasoconstrictors. Vasopressor Agent. ... Agente Vasoconstrictor. Agente Vasopresor. Agonista Vasoactivo. Agonistas Vasoactivos. Fármaco Vasoconstrictor. Vasoconstrictor ... Agents, Nasal Vasoconstrictor. Decongestant. Decongestant, Nasal. Decongestants. Decongestants, Nasal. Nasal Decongestant. ...
USE OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS WITH A VASOCONSTRICTOR AGENT DURING DENTAL TREATMENT IN HYPERTENSIVE AND CORONARY DISEASE PATIENTS. A ... TETIS study: evaluation of new topical hemostatic agent TT-173 in tooth extraction. López-López, José; Jané-Salas, Enric; ...
Vasoconstrictor Agents 5% * Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II 5% * Regulator Genes 5% ...
Vasoconstrictor Agents Medicine & Life Sciences 100% * Cats Medicine & Life Sciences 77% * Thorax Medicine & Life Sciences 63% ... Pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to graded decreases in precapillary blood P(O2) in intact-chest cat. In: Journal of Applied ... Pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to graded decreases in precapillary blood P(O2) in intact-chest cat. Journal of Applied ... Pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to graded decreases in precapillary blood P(O2) in intact-chest cat. / Hyman, A. L.; ...
A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a ... Use of vasopressor agents to increase somatic blood flow. Arch Surg. 1967 May; 94(5):610-8. ... vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION. Descriptor ID. D008680 MeSH Number(s) ...
CilazaprilEnzyme Inhibitors1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin IIKidneyThiazepinesAldosteroneBradykininVasoconstrictor Agents ... Cardiovascular Agents. Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. ... Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the ... Agents that inhibit SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS. They act as DIURETICS. Excess use is associated with HYPOKALEMIA.. ...
De Leon, J., Schoretsanitis, G., Smith, R. L., Molden, E., Solismaa, A., Seppälä, N., Kopeček, M., Švancer, P., Olmos, I., Ricciardi, C., Iglesias-Garcia, C., Iglesias-Alonso, A., Spina, E., Ruan, C. J., Wang, C. Y., Wang, G., Tang, Y. L., Lin, S. K., Lane, H. Y., Kim, Y. S., & 84 othersKim, S. H., Rajkumar, A. P., González-Esquivel, D. F., Jung-Cook, H., Baptista, T., Rohde, C., Nielsen, J., Verdoux, H., Quiles, C., Sanz, E. J., De Las Cuevas, C., Cohen, D., Schulte, P. F. J., Ertuǧrul, A., Anll Yaǧcloǧlu, A. E., Chopra, N., McCollum, B., Shelton, C., Cotes, R. O., Kaithi, A. R., Kane, J. M., Farooq, S., Ng, C. H., Bilbily, J., Hiemke, C., López-Jaramillo, C., McGrane, I., Lana, F., Eap, C. B., Arrojo-Romero, M., Rǎdulescu, F., Seifritz, E., Every-Palmer, S., Bousman, C. A., Bebawi, E., Bhattacharya, R., Kelly, D. L., Otsuka, Y., Lazary, J., Torres, R., Yecora, A., Motuca, M., Chan, S. K. W., Zolezzi, M., Ouanes, S., De Berardis, D., Grover, S., Procyshyn, R. M., Adebayo, R. A., ...
vasoconstrictor agents (1). *. vocal cord (1). *. whole-lung lavage (1). *. woren patients (1) ...
Dive into the research topics of Reduced responsiveness to endothelin-1 in peripheral resistance vessels of patients with syndrome X. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Dive into the research topics of Reversal of hepatorenal syndrome type 1 with terlipressin plus albumin vs. placebo plus albumin in a pooled analysis of the OT-0401 and REVERSE randomised clinical studies. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Gastrointestinal Agents *Hematinics *Micronutrients *Pharmaceutical Solutions *Respiratory System Agents *Vasoconstrictor ...
... vasoconstrictor) (D.H.E. 45), ergotamine & (D.H.E. 45), ergotamine & (various forms) (various forms ... and the availability of new agents or new clinical data regarding the use of existing agents will result in changes in ... These two agents have opposite effects on the CYP450 pathway, and this must be considered in combining these drugs with other ... Other agents in which a single genetic mutation can confer drug resistance (e.g., the NNRTIs nevirapine and delavirdine) also ...
Vasopressor Agents use Vasoconstrictor Agents Vasorelaxation use Vasodilation Vasospasm, Intracranial Vasostomy use ...
A.Haemostatic agents, vasodilators and glucocorticoids.. B.NSAIDs, glucocorticoids and vasodilators.. C.Vasoconstrictors, ...
3. Vasoconstrictor agents, such as ephedrine and adrenaline, must not be used in treatment. ...
b. Deterioration of the anesthetic agent c. Hypersensitivity to the vasoconstrictor d. Hypersensitivity to the local anesthetic ... c. Which agents are most likely or least likely to cause superinfection: most: broad spectrum agents such as tetracyclines; ... antifungal agent that produces such adverse side effects as nephrotoxicity and hypokalemia, but not liver toxicity. Thus (c) is ... b) Nystatin is the prototypic antifungal agent, thus (b) is the most obvious 1st choice, and eliminates (a). (d) & (e) require ...
Effect of ouabain on the responses to vasoconstrictor agents in isolated perfused rat tail arteries. abstract::In isolated rat ... abstract::Serotonin, applied to helical strips of larger vessels such as coronary arteries, acts as a potent vasoconstrictor in ... noncompetitive inhibition of the vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine. Concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-6) M caused 30 and ...
All attempts at pain relief, including the use of vasoconstrictor agents were to no avail, but lumbar sympathectomy produced ... Extraneous agents, such as large doses of alcohol and morphine, cause increased lipolysis. This action can be blocked by ... The vasoconstrictor reflex to increased venous pressure on limb lowering was lost in both cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue in ... Studies of the blood flow in this case suggested that the patient had lost the vasoconstrictor reflex to limb lowering. This ...
... other agent; and 16, no agent. Vasopressor, inotrope, or steroid administration and outcome were not related to the induction ... The outcome could be worse than in patients given other induction agents. METHODS: We reviewed 159 septic shock patients ... RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 65%. The numbers of patients given an induction agent were 74, etomidate; 25, propofol; 26, ... From our records, we retrieved induction agent use; vasopressor administration at induction; vasopressor, inotrope, and steroid ...
Topical cocaine is sometimes used as a local numbing agent and vasoconstrictor to help control pain and bleeding with surgery ... What the above list of cutting agents doesnt reveal is probably the most harrowing thing to emerge over the past few years. ... Being the widespread and unreserved use of Fentanyl as a cutting agent for Cocaine and other drugs. Now, Cocaine is used ... When the Spanish arrived in South America, the conquistadors at first banned coca as an "evil agent of devil". But after ...
Vasoconstrictor Agents; Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; Cardiotonic Agents; Mydriatics Examples Etilefrine ... Definition: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent. Pharmacological ...
  • This agent prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, resulting in lower aldosterone secretion. (medscape.com)
  • It is converted to angiotensin II , a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. (lookformedical.com)
  • May enhance vasopressor effects of vasoconstrictors, sympathomimetics, local anesth. (mims.com)
  • Use of vasopressor agents to increase somatic blood flow. (harvard.edu)
  • Effect of induction agent on vasopressor and steroid use, and outcome in patients with septic shock. (ox.ac.uk)
  • METHODS: We reviewed 159 septic shock patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) over a 40-month period to study the association between induction agent and clinical outcome, including vasopressor, inotrope, and steroid therapy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Vasopressor, inotrope, or steroid administration and outcome were not related to the induction agent chosen. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. (harvard.edu)
  • Cytokines and phospholipid-derived mediators act synergistically to produce the complex alterations in vasculature (eg, increased microvascular permeability, impaired microvascular response to endogenous vasoconstrictors such as norepinephrine) and myocardial function (direct inhibition of myocyte function), which leads to maldistribution of blood flow and hypoxia. (medscape.com)
  • However, animal data indicate that phenylephrine can decrease milk production[2][3] and pseudoephedrine, a pharmacologically similar vasoconstrictor, decreases milk production in nursing mothers after oral use. (nih.gov)
  • Dopamine administered intravenously is a myocardial inotropic agent which also may increase mesenteric and renal blood flow plus urinary output. (nih.gov)
  • Etomidate caused less cardiovascular depression than other induction agents in patients with septic shock. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Losartan is an ARB that blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II. (medscape.com)
  • Candesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II. (medscape.com)
  • Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. (lookformedical.com)
  • Renin , an enzyme produced in the kidney , acts on angiotensinogen , an alpha-2 globulin produced by the liver, forming ANGIOTENSIN I . Angiotensin-converting enzyme, contained in the lung, acts on angiotensin I in the plasma converting it to ANGIOTENSIN II , an extremely powerful vasoconstrictor. (lookformedical.com)
  • A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A . It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II , a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure . (lookformedical.com)
  • In distributive shock, the inadequate tissue perfusion is caused by loss of the normal responses of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictive agents coupled with a direct vasodilating effect. (medscape.com)
  • The small doses of ergotamine used may weaken or abolish the vasoconstrictor action of adrenaline on cerebral vessels. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Vasoconstrictor agents, such as ephedrine and adrenaline, must not be used in treatment. (szwedogroup.eu)
  • This report includes the guidelines developed by the Panel regarding the use of laboratory testing in initiating and managing antiretroviral therapy, considerations for initiating therapy, whom to treat, what regimen of antiretroviral agents to use, when to change the antiretroviral regimen, treatment of the acutely HIV-infected person, special considerations in adolescents, and special considerations in pregnant women. (cdc.gov)
  • The guidelines contain recommendations for the clinical use of antiretroviral agents in the treatment of adults and adolescents (defined in Considerations for Antiretroviral Therapy in the HIV-Infected Adolescent) who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
  • These agents reduce blood pressure and proteinuria, protecting renal function and delaying onset of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). (medscape.com)
  • Creams, gels, and ointments that contain antibiotics, antiparasitics, or vasoconstrictors (substances that narrow blood vessels) are used to treat flushing and redness, as well as mild rashes. (nih.gov)
  • [ 33 ] Approximately 62% of patients with advanced CKD require at least 2 antihypertensive agents for optimal blood pressure control. (medscape.com)
  • Some are used as ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS . (lookformedical.com)
  • However, the choice of agents prevalence of hypertension in diabetes varies worldwide. (who.int)
  • and (A) wherein the composition has a release rate profile of physiologically active agent so as to provide a ratio of the maximum concentration (Cmax) to the average concentration (Cavg) for the physiologically active agent over the dosage interval within the range of 1 to 10. (justia.com)
  • It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION. (harvard.edu)
  • The results support the view that the vasoconstrictor action of ergotamine on the cerebral vessels might account for the therapeutic value of this drug in migraine. (nih.gov)
  • Vasoconstrictor agents for local anesthesia. (bvsalud.org)
  • At 1 and 7 d postexposure, the following parameters were monitored: pulmonary inflammation, lung cell toxicity, alveolar air/blood barrier damage, alveolar macrophage activity, blood cell differentials, responsiveness of tail artery to vasoconstrictor or vasodilatory agents, and heart rate and blood pressure in response to isoproterenol or norepinephrine, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • The present data suggest that sensor sites upstream to the alveolar-capillary region in segments of lobar artery unexposed to alveolar gas sense a reduction in precapillary blood P(O 2 ) and elicit a pulmonary vasoconstrictor response. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In addition, the present data indicate that sensors in the pulmonary veins do not sense a reduction in P(O 2 ) in venous blood and elicit a vasoconstrictor response. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • More information about retinal metabolic pathways and how these pathways are regulated could possibly lead to the development of biological modifiers or pharmacologic agents that would be useful in preventing or treating diabetic retinopathy. (nih.gov)
  • Rather the vessel's ability to sense and respond to pressure seems inactivated: when Inscho applies a vasoconstrictor agent directly onto the afferent arteriole, for example, it contracts. (health.am)
  • This vasoconstrictor effect is more pronounced the higher the initial intracranial venous pressure and hence the cerebral blood-flow. (nih.gov)
  • The outcome could be worse than in patients given other induction agents. (ox.ac.uk)