Vasoconstriction
Vascular Resistance
Arterioles
Pulmonary Artery
Vasodilation
Endothelin-1
A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)
Norepinephrine
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
Shivering
Phenylephrine
Mesenteric Arteries
Vasomotor System
Body Temperature Regulation
Hemodynamics
Receptors, Endothelin
Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists
Sympathetic Nervous System
The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Endothelins
21-Amino-acid peptides produced by vascular endothelial cells and functioning as potent vasoconstrictors. The endothelin family consists of three members, ENDOTHELIN-1; ENDOTHELIN-2; and ENDOTHELIN-3. All three peptides contain 21 amino acids, but vary in amino acid composition. The three peptides produce vasoconstrictor and pressor responses in various parts of the body. However, the quantitative profiles of the pharmacological activities are considerably different among the three isopeptides.
Receptor, Endothelin A
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists
Dogs
Angiotensin II
An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Receptor, Endothelin B
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha
One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors that were originally defined by the relative potencies of various adrenergic compounds. The alpha receptors were initially described as excitatory receptors that post-junctionally stimulate SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction. However, further analysis has revealed a more complex picture involving several alpha receptor subtypes and their involvement in feedback regulation.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Headache Disorders, Primary
Tyramine
An indirect sympathomimetic. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.
Splanchnic Circulation
Endothelium, Vascular
Viper Venoms
Venoms from SNAKES of the viperid family. They tend to be less toxic than elapid or hydrophid venoms and act mainly on the vascular system, interfering with coagulation and capillary membrane integrity and are highly cytotoxic. They contain large amounts of several enzymes, other factors, and some toxins.
Prazosin
Nitric Oxide Synthase
Meclofenamic Acid
Peptides, Cyclic
Potassium Chloride
Enzyme Inhibitors
Acetylcholine
Kidney
Phentolamine
Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Oxygen
Rats, Wistar
Laser-Doppler Flowmetry
Nitroprusside
Indomethacin
Cardiac Output
Receptors, Thromboxane
Thromboxane A2
Blood Vessels
Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2
A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors found on both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes where they signal through Gi-Go G-PROTEINS. While postsynaptic alpha-2 receptors play a traditional role in mediating the effects of ADRENERGIC AGONISTS, the subset of alpha-2 receptors found on presynaptic membranes signal the feedback inhibition of NEUROTRANSMITTER release.
Blood Flow Velocity
Lung
Lower Body Negative Pressure
rho-Associated Kinases
A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.
Receptors, Neuropeptide Y
Propranolol
Skin
Blood Substitutes
Muscle Tonus
Myography
Thromboxanes
Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.
Sweating
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Muscle Contraction
Reflex
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Phenoxybenzamine
Nitroarginine
Infusions, Intra-Arterial
Hydronephrosis
Neuropeptide Y
A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.
Anesthesia
Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists
Rabbits
Yohimbine
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
Muscle, Skeletal
Calcium Channel Blockers
Adenosine
Vasospasm, Intracranial
Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).
Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists
Vasopressins
Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.
Hindlimb
Isoflurane
Ketanserin
Hypertension
Nifedipine
Rats, Inbred WKY
Sumatriptan
Prostaglandins
Urotensins
Teleost hormones. A family of small peptides isolated from urophyses of bony fishes. They have many different physiological effects, including long-lasting hypotensive activity and have been proposed as antihypertensives. There are at least four different compounds: urotensin I, urotensin II, urotensin III, and urotensin IV.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Thromboxane B2
Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2
Aorta, Thoracic
Amides
Nitroglycerin
Myocytes, Smooth Muscle
Methysergide
An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.
Partial Pressure
Endothelin-3
A 21-amino acid peptide that circulates in the plasma, but its source is not known. Endothelin-3 has been found in high concentrations in the brain and may regulate important functions in neurons and astrocytes, such as proliferation and development. It also is found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the lung and kidney. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)
Physical Exertion
Anesthesia, Inhalation
Receptors, Purinergic P2X1
Oxygen Consumption
Pia Mater
Dexmedetomidine
Antihypertensive Agents
Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.
Sympathectomy
Clonidine
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids
Epinephrine
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1D
A serotonin receptor subtype that is localized to the CAUDATE NUCLEUS; PUTAMEN; the NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; the HIPPOCAMPUS, and the RAPHE NUCLEI. It plays a role as a terminal autoreceptor that regulates the rate of SEROTONIN release from nerve endings. This serotonin receptor subtype is closely related to and has similar drug binding properties as the 5-HT1B RECEPTOR, but is expressed at low levels. It is particularly sensitive to the agonist SUMATRIPTAN and may be involved in mediating the drug's antimigrane effect.
Serotonin Antagonists
Bradykinin
A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.
Rats, Inbred SHR
Arterial Pressure
Carbon Dioxide
Hypotension
Pyridines
Rats, Inbred Strains
Indoles
Arginine Vasopressin
Dinoprost
Thromboxane-A Synthase
Splenic Artery
Almitrine
A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.
Diltiazem
Sympatholytics
Drugs that inhibit the actions of the sympathetic nervous system by any mechanism. The most common of these are the ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS and drugs that deplete norepinephrine or reduce the release of transmitters from adrenergic postganglionic terminals (see ADRENERGIC AGENTS). Drugs that act in the central nervous system to reduce sympathetic activity (e.g., centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, see ADRENERGIC ALPHA-AGONISTS) are included here.
Hyperemia
Cyproheptadine
Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic
Receptors, Purinergic P2X
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.
Receptors, Adrenergic
Cell-surface proteins that bind epinephrine and/or norepinephrine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes. The two major classes of adrenergic receptors, alpha and beta, were originally discriminated based on their cellular actions but now are distinguished by their relative affinity for characteristic synthetic ligands. Adrenergic receptors may also be classified according to the subtypes of G-proteins with which they bind; this scheme does not respect the alpha-beta distinction.
Imidazoles
Ergotamine
Mesenteric Artery, Superior
A large vessel supplying the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra.
Losartan
Sheep
5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid
Receptors, Serotonin
NaCl-induced renal vasoconstriction in salt-sensitive African Americans: antipressor and hemodynamic effects of potassium bicarbonate. (1/5901)
In 16 African Americans (blacks, 14 men, 2 women) with average admission mean arterial pressure (MAP, mm Hg) 99.9+/-3.5 (mean+/-SEM), we investigated whether NaCl-induced renal vasoconstriction attends salt sensitivity and, if so, whether supplemental KHCO3 ameliorates both conditions. Throughout a 3-week period under controlled metabolic conditions, all subjects ate diets containing 15 mmol NaCl and 30 mmol potassium (K+) (per 70 kg body wt [BW] per day). Throughout weeks 2 and 3, NaCl was loaded to 250 mmol/d; throughout week 3, dietary K+ was supplemented to 170 mmol/d (KHCO3). On the last day of each study week, we measured renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using renal clearances of PAH and inulin. Ten subjects were salt sensitive (SS) (DeltaMAP >+5%) and 6 salt resistant (SR). In NaCl-loaded SS but not SR subjects, RBF (mL/min/1.73 m2) decreased from 920+/-75 to 828+/-46 (P<0.05); filtration fraction (FF, %) increased from 19. 4+/- to 21.4 (P<0.001); and renal vascular resistance (RVR) (10(3)xmm Hg/[mL/min]) increased from 101+/-8 to 131+/-10 (P<0.001). In all subjects combined, DeltaMAP varied inversely with DeltaRBF (r =-0.57, P=0.02) and directly with DeltaRVR (r = 0.65, P=0.006) and DeltaFF (r = 0.59, P=0.03), but not with MAP before NaCl loading. When supplemental KHCO3 abolished the pressor effect of NaCl in SS subjects, RBF was unaffected but GFR and FF decreased. The results show that in marginally K+-deficient blacks (1) NaCl-induced renal vasoconstrictive dysfunction attends salt sensitivity; (2) the dysfunction varies in extent directly with the NaCl-induced increase in blood pressure (BP); and (3) is complexly affected by supplemented KHCO3, GFR and FF decreasing but RBF not changing. In blacks, NaCl-induced renal vasoconstriction may be a pathogenetic event in salt sensitivity. (+info)Nitric oxide in the endometrium. (2/5901)
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of paracrine interactions, especially within the vascular system. It is a powerful inhibitor of platelet aggregation and a potent vasodilator. NO is also a neurotransmitter and it plays a role in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. NO-generating enzymes (nitric oxide synthases, NOS) have been described in the endometrium of a number of species, suggesting that NO might be involved in endometrial function. In human endometrium, endothelial NOS and inducible NOS have been localized to glandular epithelium in the non-pregnant uterus. Weak inducible NOS immunoreactivity has been observed in decidualized stromal cells. NO might participate in the initiation and control of menstrual bleeding. Furthermore, it may play a part in the inhibition of platelet aggregation within the endometrium, where menstrual haemostasis is thought to occur primarily by vasoconstriction rather than clot organization. Endometrially derived NO could also suppress myometrial contractility. Recent attention has focused on the part that NO might play in maintaining myometrial quiescence during pregnancy. NO also appears to relax the non-pregnant myometrium, an action which could be exploited for the medical treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. (+info)Relaxation of endothelin-1-induced pulmonary arterial constriction by niflumic acid and NPPB: mechanism(s) independent of chloride channel block. (3/5901)
We investigated the effects of the Cl- channel blockers niflumic acid, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) and 4, 4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS) on endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced constriction of rat small pulmonary arteries (diameter 100-400 microm) in vitro, following endothelium removal. ET-1 (30 nM) induced a sustained constriction of rat pulmonary arteries in physiological salt solution. Arteries preconstricted with ET-1 were relaxed by niflumic acid (IC50: 35.8 microM) and NPPB (IC50: 21.1 microM) in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. However, at concentrations known to block Ca++-activated Cl- channels, DIDS (+info)O-raffinose cross-linking markedly reduces systemic and renal vasoconstrictor effects of unmodified human hemoglobin. (4/5901)
The hemodynamic effects of a 20% exchange-transfusion with different solutions of highly purified human hemoglobin A-zero (A0) were evaluated. We compared unmodified hemoglobin with hemoglobin cross-linked with O-raffinose. Unmodified hemoglobin increased systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure more than the O-raffinose cross-linked hemoglobin solution (by approximately 45% and approximately 14%, respectively). Unmodified hemoglobin markedly reduced cardiac output (CO) by approximately 21%, whereas CO was unaffected by the O-raffinose cross-linked hemoglobin solution. Unmodified and O-raffinose cross-linked hemoglobin solutions increased mean arterial pressure to comparable extents ( approximately 14% and approximately 9%, respectively). Unmodified hemoglobin increased renal vascular resistance 2-fold and reduced the glomerular filtration rate by 58%. In marked contrast, the O-raffinose cross-linked hemoglobin had no deleterious effect on the glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, or renal vascular resistance. The extents to which unmodified and O-raffinose cross-linked hemoglobin solutions inactivated nitric oxide also were compared using three separate in vitro assays: platelet nitric oxide release, nitric oxide-stimulated platelet cGMP production, and endothelium-derived relaxing factor-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation. Unmodified hemoglobin inactivated or oxidized nitric oxide to a greater extent than the O-raffinose cross-linked hemoglobin solutions in all three assays. In summary, O-raffinose cross-linking substantially reduced the systemic vasoconstriction and the decrease in CO induced by unmodified hemoglobin and eliminated the deleterious effects of unmodified hemoglobin on renal hemodynamics and function. We hypothesize that O-raffinose cross-linking reduces the degree of oxidation of nitric oxide and that this contributes to the reduced vasoactivity of this modified hemoglobin. (+info)Protective effect of dietary tomato against endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic mice. (5/5901)
The effects of dietary ingestion of tomato were studied in mice that had been made hypercholesterolemic by feeding atherogenic diets. Mice which had been fed on the atherogenic diet without tomato for 4 months had significantly increased plasma lipid peroxide, and the vaso-relaxing activity in the aorta induced by acetylcholine (ACh) was harmed when compared with mice fed on a common commercial diet. On the other hand, mice which had been fed on the atherogenic diet containing 20% (w/w) lyophilized powder of tomato showed less increase in the plasma lipid peroxide level, and ACh-induced vaso-relaxation was maintained at the same level as that in normal mice. These results indicate that tomato has a preventive effect on atherosclerosis by protecting plasma lipids from oxidation. (+info)Blockade and reversal of endothelin-induced constriction in pial arteries from human brain. (6/5901)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Substantial evidence now implicates endothelin (ET) in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular disorders such as the delayed vasospasm associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. We investigated the ET receptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in human pial arteries. METHODS: ET receptors on human pial and intracerebral arteries were visualized with the use of autoradiography, and the subtypes mediating vasoconstriction were identified by means of wire myography. RESULTS: ET-1 was more potent than ET-3 as a vasoconstrictor, indicating an ETA-mediated effect. Similarly, the selective ETB agonist sarafotoxin S6c had no effect on contractile action at concentrations up to 30 nmol/L. The nonpeptide ETA receptor antagonist PD156707 (3 to 30 nmol/L) caused a parallel rightward shift of the ET-1-induced response, yielding a pA2 of 9.2. Consistent with these results, PD156707 (30 nmol/L) fully reversed an established constriction in pial arteries induced by 1 nmol/L ET-1, while the selective ETB receptor antagonist BQ788 (1 micromol/L) had little effect. The calcium channel blocker nimodipine (0.3 to 3 micromol/L) significantly attenuated the maximum response to ET-1 in a concentration-dependent manner without changing potency. In agreement with the functional data, specific binding of [125I]PD151242 to ETA receptors was localized to the smooth muscle layer of pial and intracerebral blood vessels. In contrast, little or no [125I]BQ3020 binding to ETB receptors was detected. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate an important role for ETA receptors in ET-1-induced constriction of human pial arteries and suggest that ETA receptor antagonists may provide additional dilatory benefit in cerebrovascular disorders associated with raised ET levels. (+info)Cerebrovascular alterations in protein kinase C-mediated constriction in stroke-prone rats. (7/5901)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebrovascular pressure-dependent constriction may involve the smooth muscle production of diacylglycerol, which could facilitate constriction by activating protein kinase C (PKC). A dysfunctional PKC system could promote the loss of pressure-dependent constriction. We attempted to determine whether the alterations in pressure-dependent constriction in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) observed in relation to stroke development in Wistar-Kyoto stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) were associated with defects in the ability of the arteries to constrict in response to PKC activation. METHODS: MCAs were sampled from SHRsp before and after stroke development and in stroke-resistant Wistar-Kyoto spontaneously hypertensive rats. A pressure myograph was used to test the ability of the arteries to constrict in response to a 100 mm Hg pressure step and subsequently to contract in response to phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate in the presence of nifedipine (3 micromol/L). RESULTS: Pressure-dependent constriction and constriction in response to phorbol dibutyrate in the MCAs were inhibited by PKC inhibitors (staurosporine [40 nmol/L], chelerythrine [12 micromol/L], bisindolylmaleimide [5 micromol/L]), declined with age before stroke development in SHRsp, and were absent after stroke. There was a significant relationship between pressure- and phorbol dibutyrate-induced constriction (r=0.815, P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Phorbol esters interact with the same activation site as diacylglycerol to stimulate PKC. An inability to constrict in response to phorbol dibutyrate may reflect unresponsiveness to diacylglycerol and may contribute to the loss of pressure-dependent constriction associated with stroke in the MCAs of SHRsp. The loss of this autoregulatory function before stroke could increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. (+info)Spread of vasodilatation and vasoconstriction along feed arteries and arterioles of hamster skeletal muscle. (8/5901)
1. In arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch, vasodilatation and vasoconstriction can spread via the conduction of electrical signals through gap junctions between cells that comprise the vessel wall. However, conduction in resistance networks supplying other tissues has received relatively little attention. In anaesthetized hamsters, we have investigated the spread of dilatation and constriction along feed arteries and arterioles of the retractor muscle, which is contiguous with the cheek pouch. 2. When released from a micropipette, acetylcholine (ACh) triggered vasodilatation that spread rapidly along feed arteries external to the muscle and arterioles within the muscle. Responses were independent of changes in wall shear rate, perivascular nerve activity, or release of nitric oxide, indicating cell-to-cell conduction. 3. Vasodilatation conducted without decrement along unbranched feed arteries, yet decayed markedly in arteriolar networks. Thus, branching of the conduction pathway dissipated the vasodilatation. 4. Noradrenaline (NA) or a depolarizing KCl stimulus evoked constriction of arterioles and feed arteries of the retractor muscle that was constrained to the vicinity of the micropipette. This behaviour contrasts sharply with the conduction of vasodilatation in these microvessels and with the conduction of vasoconstriction elicited by NA and KCl in cheek pouch arterioles. 5. Focal electrical stimulation produced constriction that spread rapidly along feed arteries and arterioles. These responses were inhibited by tetrodotoxin or prazosin, confirming the release of NA along perivascular sympathetic nerves, which are absent from arterioles studied in the cheek pouch. Thus, sympathetic nerve activity co-ordinated the contraction of smooth muscle cells as effectively as the conduction of vasodilatation co-ordinated their relaxation. 6. In the light of previous findings in the cheek pouch, the properties of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation in feed arteries and arterioles of the retractor muscle indicate that substantive differences can exist in the nature of signal transmission along microvessels of tissues that differ in structure and function. (+info)
Pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity following intermittent hypoxia by Jessica Snow
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What does vasoconstriction mean?
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Channelpedia
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Postischemic Reperfusion Causes Smooth Muscle Calcium Sensitization and Vasoconstriction of Parenchymal Arterioles.
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Vasoconstriction
... Transmission electron micrograph showing vasoconstriction of a microvessel by pericytes and endothelial cells ... Medications that cause vasoconstriction include: antihistamines, decongestants, and stimulants. Severe vasoconstriction may ... Vasoconstriction can be a contributing factor to erectile dysfunction.[7] An increase in blood flow to the penis causes an ... Vasoconstriction is a procedure of the body that averts orthostatic hypotension. It is a part of a body negative feedback loop ...
Prostacyclin receptor
VasoconstrictionEdit. IP receptor agonists are front-line drugs to treat pulmonary hypertension. Major drugs in this category ... IP agonists are also to treat severe vasoconstriction in Raynaud's disease, Raynaud's disease-like syndromes, and scleroderma.[ ... IP agonists are used to treat patients pathological vasoconstriction diseases.[15] The injection of IP activators into the skin ... stimulators of IP are used to treat severe and even life-threatening diseases involving pathological vasoconstriction. ...
Wound healing
Vasoconstriction and vasodilationEdit. Immediately after a blood vessel is breached, ruptured cell membranes release ... This vasoconstriction lasts five to ten minutes and is followed by vasodilation, a widening of blood vessels, which peaks at ...
Alpha-adrenergic agonist
vasoconstriction and mydriasis; used as vasopressors, nasal decongestants and during eye exams). Selected examples are: ...
Surface chemistry of microvasculature
"Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction: Real Story." Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction. 2011. Web. 21 May 2012. University of ... Decreases and increases in temperature trigger vasoconstriction and vasodilation respectively. Vasoconstriction affects flow ... Like vasoconstriction, vasodilation can be caused by internal and external factors. For example, nitric oxide, found in food, ... the opposite of vasoconstriction. In vasodilation the blood vessels dilate to allow more blood flow. The smooth muscle cells ...
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Splanchnic-mesenteric vasoconstriction Splanchnic vasoconstriction Octreotide[92][93] Hypovolemic POTS Synthetic ... Splanchnic vasoconstriction. Increase blood pressure. Pyridostigmine[16][104][105] Other (Refractory POTS) Psychostimulant ... which may be beneficial not only by augmenting sympathetically-mediated vasoconstriction, but also because a large subset of ...
Platelet plug
It occurs after vasoconstriction. During the process, platelets begin to accumulate, or aggregate, on the damaged vessel wall. ... As such, platelet plug formation occurs after vasoconstriction of the blood vessels but before the creation of the fibrin mesh ...
Eicosanoid
vasoconstriction, inhibits platelets. inactivating mutations in the 20-HETE-forming enzyme, CYP2U1, associated with Hereditary ... Many of the prostanoids are known to mediate local symptoms of inflammation: vasoconstriction or vasodilation, coagulation, ...
Thermoregulation in humans
This process is called vasoconstriction. It is impossible to prevent all heat loss from the blood, only to reduce it. In ... extremely cold conditions, excessive vasoconstriction leads to numbness and pale skin. Frostbite occurs only when water within ...
Ergotism
The dry gangrene is a result of vasoconstriction induced by the ergotamine-ergocristine alkaloids of the fungus. It affects the ... Vasoconstriction is treated with vasodilators. Historically, eating grain products, particularly rye, contaminated with the ...
Haemodynamic response
It involves vasoconstrictions of blood vessels connected to and within the lungs. As a result, the heart has a hard time ... Endothelial dysfunction induces coronary vasoconstriction. This is caused by catecholamine release and by infections. Severe ... which acts through yet to-be-determined mechanisms to induce vasoconstriction. It has also been shown that agonists of ...
Cocaine intoxication
Heat loss is also inhibited by the cocaine-induced vasoconstriction. Cocaine and/or associated hyperthermia may cause muscle ... Calcium channel blockers may also be used to treat hypertension and coronary arterial vasoconstriction, but fail to lower ... Cocaine and its metabolites may cause arterial vasoconstriction hours after use. Epicardial coronary arteries are especially ... The phenomenon of "unopposed alpha-stimulation," in which blood pressure increases or coronary artery vasoconstriction worsens ...
Vasospasm
... refers to a condition in which an arterial spasm leads to vasoconstriction. This can lead to tissue ischemia and ...
Local blood flow regulation
Both of these factors affect pH and, in turn, the balance between vasodilation versus vasoconstriction in the brain. So, the ... Vasodilation Vasoconstriction Vascular resistance "CV Physiology , Local Regulation of Blood Flow". www.cvphysiology.com. ... Pulmonary (lung) circulation undergoes hypoxic vasoconstriction, which is a unique mechanism of local regulation in that the ... endothelin-1 causes vasoconstriction. Below are several examples of differing types of local blood flow regulation by specific ...
Choking game
... but in the brain alone it causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of the blood vessels)[citation needed]. This vasoconstriction ... Vasoconstriction is only reversed by the build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood through suspension of breathing. In some ... Increase in blood pH, (respiratory alkalosis). Vasoconstriction of blood vessels supplying brain. Pooling of the blood present ... it is highly vulnerable if vasoconstriction is not reversed. Normally, if the brain is hypoxic, autonomous systems in the body ...
AVP gene
This pathway typically involves regulating vasoconstriction. When vasopressin binds to AVPR1B, a GPCR, the phosphatidylinositol ...
Compliance (physiology)
Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are complex phenomena; they are functions not merely of the fluid mechanics of pressure and ...
Vasodilation
The process is the opposite of vasoconstriction, which is the narrowing of blood vessels. When blood vessels dilate, the flow ... The spinal cord has both vasodilation and vasoconstriction nerves. The neurons that control vascular vasodilation originate in ... The opposite physiological process is vasoconstriction. These processes are naturally modulated by local paracrine agents from ... Charkoudian, Nisha (2010). "Mechanisms and modifiers of reflex induced cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction in humans". ...
Daniel Gopher
ani, C., Gopher, D., Lavie, P. (2004). Peripheral vasoconstriction reflects exerted mental effort. Psychophysiology, 41, pp 789 ...
Hypothermia
Sessler DI, Moayeri A, Støen R, Glosten B, Hynson J, McGuire J (1990). "Thermoregulatory vasoconstriction decreases cutaneous ... In essence, hypothermia increases preglomerular vasoconstriction, thus decreasing both renal blood flow (RBF) and GFR. Accurate ...
Blood cell
Enables clotting; releases serotonin which causes vasoconstriction Red blood cells[edit]. Red and white human blood cells as ...
Wrinkle
This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the ... Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): ... Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction. Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering ...
Asymmetric dimethylarginine
Arginine Hypertension Protein detoxification Vasoconstriction Vallance, P.; Leone, A.; Calver, A.; Collier, J.; Moncada, S. ( ...
Pulmonary hypertension
This phenomenon is called hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and it is initially a protective response designed to stop too ... When the alveolar hypoxia is widespread and prolonged, this hypoxia-mediated vasoconstriction occurs across a large portion of ... Plasma levels of serotonin, which promotes vasoconstriction, hypertrophy and proliferation, are increased in patients with PAH ... The mechanisms involved in this narrowing process include vasoconstriction, thrombosis, and vascular remodeling (excessive ...
Losartan
... angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and aldosterone release. Aldosterone serves to retain sodium from the distal renal ...
Vasomotion
Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Vasospasm Haddock RE, Hill CE. Rhythmicity in arterial smooth muscle. J Physiol (Lond ). 2005; ...
Related changes
Vasoconstriction is the correct word here.). *(diff , hist) . . Cannibal Holocaust; 16:42 . . (+32) . . . Little Bizarre Dio ...
Areca nut
When chewed it can cause palpitation and vasoconstriction. This form is eaten in the lower regions of Bhutan and in North ...
Terutroban
It blocks thromboxane induced platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. Waksman R, Gurbel P, Gaglia M (2014). Antiplatelet ...
Outcomes Research Consortium
Tayefeh F; Plattner O; Sessler DI; Ikeda T; Marder D. (February 1998). "Circadian changes in the sweating-to-vasoconstriction ... Matsukawa T, Kurz A, Sessler DI, Bjorksten AR, Merrifield B, Cheng C (1995). "Propofol linearly reduces the vasoconstriction ... De Witte JL, Kim JS, Sessler DI, Bastanmehr H, Björksten AR (1998). "Tramadol reduces the sweating, vasoconstriction, and ... vasoconstriction, and shivering thresholds in humans". Anesthesiology. 80 (4): 780-8. doi:10.1097/00000542-199404000-00009. ...
Vasoconstriction - Wikipedia
Vasoconstriction. Transmission electron micrograph showing vasoconstriction of a microvessel by pericytes and endothelial cells ... Medications that cause vasoconstriction include: antihistamines, decongestants, and stimulants. Severe vasoconstriction may ... Ambient temperature is an example of exogenous vasoconstriction. Cutaneous vasoconstriction will occur because of the bodys ... Vasoconstriction can be a contributing factor to erectile dysfunction.[8] An increase in blood flow to the penis causes an ...
Vasoconstriction | physiology | Britannica
Vasoconstriction: Raynaud syndrome is said to occur when the extremities-primarily the fingers and toes but also including ... Other articles where Vasoconstriction is discussed: cardiovascular disease: ... In cardiovascular disease: Vasoconstriction. Raynaud syndrome is said to occur when the extremities-primarily the fingers and ... blood pressure in mammals through vasoconstriction (i.e., contraction of blood vessels), this action requires a high ...
Vasoconstriction: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls. When blood vessels constrict ... Vasoconstriction may be slight or severe. It may result from disease, drugs, or psychological conditions. Medicines that cause ... Vasoconstriction is the narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls. When blood vessels constrict ... Medicines may be used to increase or reduce vasoconstriction in very ill people. ...
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. - PubMed - NCBI
Vasoconstriction: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image
About: Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction: Your Blood Vessels at Work
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome - Wikipedia
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS, sometimes called Call-Fleming syndrome) is a disease characterized by a ... Less than 5% of patients experience progressive vasoconstriction, which can lead to stroke, progressive cerebral edema, or even ... A 2007 review by Leonard Calabrese and colleagues proposed the name reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, which has ... Mehdi, A. & Hajj-Ali, R. A. (2014). "Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: a comprehensive update". Current Pain and ...
Vasoconstriction - Wikipedia
Vasoconstriction. Transmission electron micrograph showing vasoconstriction of a microvessel by pericytes and endothelial cells ... Medications that cause vasoconstriction include: antihistamines, decongestants, and stimulants. Severe vasoconstriction may ... Vasoconstriction can be a contributing factor to erectile dysfunction.[7] An increase in blood flow to the penis causes an ... Vasoconstriction is a procedure of the body that averts orthostatic hypotension. It is a part of a body negative feedback loop ...
Heart Attack from VasoConstriction - Heart Disease - MedHelp
Heart Attack from VasoConstriction syralia I had a heart attack in the beginning of October of this year (confirmed by elevated ... Heart Attack from VasoConstriction. I had a heart attack in the beginning of October of this year (confirmed by elevated ... My question is... since I have already had a heart attack from vasoconstriction am I more likely to have another from it? ... My question is... since I have already had a heart attack from vasoconstriction am I more likely to have another from it? ...
JCI -
Epinephrine facilitates neurogenic vasoconstriction in humans.
What is the role of endothelial cells in cocaine-induced vasoconstriction?
encoded search term (What is the role of endothelial cells in cocaine-induced vasoconstriction?) and What is the role of ... What is the role of endothelial cells in cocaine-induced vasoconstriction?. Updated: Sep 01, 2018 ... In patients with dysfunctional endothelium, serotonin causes intense vasoconstriction because of its unopposed effects on ... and animal studies suggest that endothelial dysfunction predisposes a person to vasoconstriction and arterial spasm. ...
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes: analysis of 139 cases. - PubMed - NCBI
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes: analysis of 139 cases.. Singhal AB1, Hajj-Ali RA, Topcuoglu MA, Fok J, Bena J, ... Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: a rose by any other name? [Arch Neurol. 2011] ... Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and hemorrhagic events: who precedes whom? [Arch Neurol. 2011] ... One hundred thirty-nine patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes.. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical, ...
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome symptoms, treatments & forums | PatientsLikeMe
23 patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome experience fatigue, depressed mood, pain, anxious mood, and ... Find the most comprehensive real-world symptom and treatment data on reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome at ... and Medical marijuana to treat their reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and its symptoms. ... 4 reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome patients report severe fatigue (66%). * 2 reversible cerebral vasoconstriction ...
Endothelium-dependent arterial vasoconstriction after balloon angioplasty. | Circulation
Endothelium-dependent arterial vasoconstriction after balloon angioplasty.. T A Fischell, U Nellessen, D E Johnson, R Ginsburg ... Endothelium-dependent arterial vasoconstriction after balloon angioplasty.. T A Fischell, U Nellessen, D E Johnson and R ... Endothelium-dependent arterial vasoconstriction after balloon angioplasty.. T A Fischell, U Nellessen, D E Johnson and R ... and calcium-channel blockade in modulating angioplasty-induced vasoconstriction. Significant arterial vasoconstriction was ...
Vasoconstriction Potency Induced by Aminoamide Local Anesthetics Correlates with Lipid Solubility
... of the local anesthetic-induced maximum vasoconstriction. We determined the order of potency (ED50) of vasoconstriction among ... Aminoamide local anesthetics induce vasoconstriction in vivo and in vitro. The goals of this in vitro study were to investigate ... Vasoconstriction Potency Induced by Aminoamide Local Anesthetics Correlates with Lipid Solubility. Hui-Jin Sung,1 Seong-Ho Ok,2 ... The potency of the vasoconstriction in the endothelium-denuded aorta induced by local anesthetics is determined primarily by ...
Vasoconstriction Potency Induced by Aminoamide Local Anesthetics Correlates with Lipid Solubility
... local anesthetic concentration producing maximal vasoconstriction] =. −. 0. .. 4. 6. 1. −. 1. .. 4. 0. 7. ×. l. o. g. 𝑃. ; 𝑟. 2 ... of the local anesthetic-induced maximum vasoconstriction. We determined the order of potency (ED50) of vasoconstriction among ... Aminoamide local anesthetics induce vasoconstriction in vivo and in vitro. The goals of this in vitro study were to investigate ... Vasoconstriction Potency Induced by Aminoamide Local Anesthetics Correlates with Lipid Solubility. Hui-Jin Sung,1 Seong-Ho Ok,2 ...
JCI -
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction requires connexin 40-mediated endothelial signal conduction
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. J Appl Physiol. 2005;98(1):390-403.. View this article via: PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar ... Activation of Toll-like receptor 2 impairs hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008 ... Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction requires connexin 40-mediated endothelial signal conduction. Liming Wang,1,2,3,4 Jun Yin,1,2 ... Prominent role of intracellular Ca2+ release in hypoxic vasoconstriction of canine pulmonary artery. Br J Pharmacol. 1997;122(1 ...
Method For Treating Bronchoconstriction and Pulmonary Vaso-Constriction - Bayer HealthCare AG
... to the treatment and prevention of asthma or other forms of broncho-constriction or reversible pulmonary vasoconstriction in a ... or of reversible pulmonary vaso-constriction (i.e., acute pulmonary vasoconstriction or chronic pulmonary vasoconstriction ... Such vasoconstriction can lead to abnormally high blood pressure (hypertension) in the affected portion of the circulatory ... Conceptually analogous to the narrowing of the airways of the lung which occurs in an asthma attack, vasoconstriction is a ...
Increased AT 1 receptor expression mediates vasoconstriction leading to hypertension in Snx1 −/− mice | Hypertension Research
Increased AT1 receptor expression mediates vasoconstriction leading to hypertension in Snx1−/− mice. *Chao Liu1,2,3 na1, ... Liu, C., Li, X., Fu, J. et al. Increased AT1 receptor expression mediates vasoconstriction leading to hypertension in Snx1−/− ... leading to increased vasoconstriction and blood pressure. ... leading to increased vasoconstriction and blood pressure. ...
Vasoconstriction
WikiGenes - Vasoconstriction
Coronary-artery vasoconstriction induced by cocaine, cigarette smoking, or both [9].. *The vasoconstriction is attenuated by ... Associations of Vasoconstriction with chemical compounds. *Inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by nifedipine [25]. ... Gene context of Vasoconstriction. *Vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 was abolished by co-infusion of BQ-123 (p = 0.006), with ... Chemical compound and disease context of Vasoconstriction. *We have demonstrated paradoxical vasoconstriction induced by ...
Perfusion MRI in Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Perfusion MRI in Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the ... Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Device: MRI brain Device: ASL-MRI brain Device: MRA brain ... Prevalence of radiological vasoconstriction seen on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in RCVS is reported to be between 60- ... Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Intern Med J. 2015 Jun;45(6):599-608. doi: 10.1111/imj.12669. Review. ...
Cocaine-induced coronary-artery vasoconstriction
Postpartum cerebral angiopathy: reversible vasoconstriction assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasounds
Nonnoradrenergic mechanism of reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction in men.
We tested for a nonnoradrenergic mechanism of reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction with whole body progressive cooling in seven ... During cooling, vasoconstriction was blocked at BT sites (P , 0.05). CVC at saline sites fell significantly beginning at T(SK) ... We tested for a nonnoradrenergic mechanism of reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction with whole body progressive cooling in seven ... Because the effects of NE were blocked at sites showing significant reflex vasoconstriction, a nonnoradrenergic mechanism in ...
Coronary artery spasm and vasoconstriction. The case for a distinction. | Circulation
Deletion of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Increases Endothelial Vasoconstriction | Hypertension
Deletion of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Increases Endothelial Vasoconstriction. Matthias R. Meyer, Kerstin Amann, ... Obesity and risk of vascular disease: importance of endothelium-derived vasoconstriction. Br J Pharmacol. Epub ahead of print ... Deletion of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Increases Endothelial Vasoconstriction. Matthias R. Meyer, Kerstin Amann, ... Deletion of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Increases Endothelial Vasoconstriction. Matthias R. Meyer, Kerstin Amann, ...
BLUNTED SYMPATHETIC NEURAL VASOCONSTRICTION DURING HANDGRIP... : Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
BLUNTED SYMPATHETIC NEURAL VASOCONSTRICTION DURING HANDGRIP EXERCISE IN HUMANS: ROLE FOR NITRIC OXIDE?. Dinenno, F A.1; Joyner ... Home , May 2003 - Volume 35 - Issue 5 , BLUNTED SYMPATHETIC NEURAL VASOCONSTRICTION DURING HANDGRIP... ... BLUNTED SYMPATHETIC NEURAL VASOCONSTRICTION DURING HANDGRIP EXERCISE IN HUMANS: ROLE FOR NITRIC OXIDE? ...
HypoxicSyndromeInduces vasoconstrictionInhibitionCerebral arteriesHypertensionRCVSHypoxiaPatients with reversible cerebral vasoconstrictionAngiotensinInduce vasoconstrictionArterial vasoconstrictionCutaneous vasoconstrictionReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromesRenalCoronary arteriesCause vasoconstriction includeSevereBlood vesselsDegree of vasoconstrictionReceptorSymptomsNorepinephrineTreat vasoconstrictionCauses vasoconstrictionReflex vasoconstrictionProduce vasoconstrictionMaximum vasoconstrictionMechanismPathwaysEndothelial dysfunctionVasodilationBlockadeAdrenergicDecreaseMyogenicSerotoninCarotid endarterectomyIntracranial HemorrhageNitricVasoconstrictorSympatheticHumansRecurrentAortaSynthaseEndogenousOccurCONCLUSIONSPulmonary arteriesStenosisCocaine-inducedVessel
Hypoxic17
- For example, vasoconstriction is a hypothermic preventative in which the blood vessels constrict and blood must move at a higher pressure to actively prevent a hypoxic reaction. (wikipedia.org)
- Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. (nih.gov)
- The effects of endothelin receptor blockade on the pulmonary circulation have been reported variably, possibly in relation to a more or less important associated release of endogenous nitric oxide (NO). The aim of this study was to test whether endothelin antagonism would inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and if it would not, then would it do so after NO synthase inhibition. (ersjournals.com)
- Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) was evaluated in anesthetised dogs by the increase in the mean pulmonary artery pressure ( P pa ) minus occluded P pa ( P pao ) gradient in response to hypoxia (inspiratory oxygen fraction of 0.1) at constant pulmonary blood flow. (ersjournals.com)
- The authors conclude that endogenous nitric oxide is released by, and opposes the vasoconstricting effects of, endothelins in vivo , reducing systemic blood pressure and limiting hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. (ersjournals.com)
- Endothelins have been hypothesised to play a role in the mediation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). (ersjournals.com)
- Complete reference on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypoxia-mediated pulmonary hypertension. (lovereading.co.uk)
- 1. To test whether almitrine might improve the arterial partial pressure of O 2 in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease by improvement of ventilation-perfusion matching, we looked at the interaction between hypoxic and almitrine-induced vasoconstriction in isolated rat lungs perfused with blood at constant flow. (portlandpress.com)
- 2. Almitrine, given in increasing doses between challenges with 2% O 2 , enhanced hypoxic vasoconstriction at low doses but attenuated it at high doses. (portlandpress.com)
- 8. Almitrine-induced vasoconstriction was attenuated by a fall in perfusate temperature in a similar manner to hypoxic vasoconstriction. (portlandpress.com)
- It was also attenuated by three drugs, chlorpheniramine, propanolol and diethylcarbamazine, all of which also decrease hypoxic vasoconstriction. (portlandpress.com)
- The similarity between hypoxic and almitrine-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction is further confirmed. (portlandpress.com)
- Notch Activation of Ca(2+) Signaling in the Development of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction and Pulmonary Hypertension. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is an important physiological response that optimizes the ventilation/perfusion ratio. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- BACKGROUND: Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a defense mechanism to maintain adequate oxygenation. (koreamed.org)
- Additionally, the requirement of functional mitochondrial complex II for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was determined by videomorphometric analysis of small intrapulmonary vessels in precision cut lung slices. (springer.com)
- Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was originally described in 1946, by Von Euler and Liljestrand - they were studying the effects of hypoxic gas mixtures, and found that PA pressures increased with 10.5% inspired O2 [Von Euler and Liljestrand. (openanesthesia.org)
Syndrome21
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS, sometimes called Call-Fleming syndrome) is a disease characterized by a weeks-long course of thunderclap headaches, sometimes focal neurologic signs, and occasionally seizures. (wikipedia.org)
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: a rose by any other name? (nih.gov)
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and hemorrhagic events: who precedes whom? (nih.gov)
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is characterized by recurrent acute severe headaches, and multiple areas of narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels within the brain. (patientslikeme.com)
- Data from patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, who reported starting treatments within the last 5 years. (patientslikeme.com)
- Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (RCVS) is a group of conditions characterised by prolonged but reversible multifocal narrowing of the cerebral arteries. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- depending on the degree of vasoconstriction, RCVS may be associated with cortical subarachnoid haemorrhage (in approximately 34% of patients), ischaemic infarction (6-39% of patients), or concomitant posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES, 9-38% of patients). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The authors report the case of a 67-year-old woman with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) who manifested symptoms of Bálint syndrome (simultagnosia, optic ataxia, and ocular apraxia) and visual allochiria in which visual stimuli presented to one hemispace are transposed to the opposite side. (aao.org)
- Speculated mechanisms include reperfusion injury attributable to vasodilatation after severe vasoconstriction or as a consequence of hypertension and disturbed autoregulation (as may occur in another poorly understood syndrome that overlaps with RCVS, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome). (ahajournals.org)
- Vasodilator responses and endothelin-dependent vasoconstriction in metabolically healthy obesity and the metabolic syndrome. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- In this case of cerebral malaria, the MRA findings indicated the involvement of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. (ajtmh.org)
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is a clinical and radiologic syndrome that represents a common presentation of a diverse group of disorders. (ajnr.org)
- The syndrome is characterized by thunderclap headache and reversible vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries, which can either be spontaneous or related to an exogenous trigger. (ajnr.org)
- The pathophysiology of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is unknown, though alterations in cerebral vascular tone are thought to be a key underlying mechanism. (ajnr.org)
- however, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome may result in permanent disability or death in a small minority of patients secondary to complications such as ischemic stroke or intracranial hemorrhage. (ajnr.org)
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical and radiologic syndrome whose primary features include the hyperacute onset of severe headache and segmental vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries that resolves by 3 months. (ajnr.org)
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a rare condition characterized by a sudden narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels that supply blood carrying oxygen and nutrients to the brain. (verywellhealth.com)
- The clinical and radiological spectrum of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. (semanticscholar.org)
- Given her gradual increase of velocities and Lindegaard index, together with fixed left sensory and motor deficits, we performed CT angiography, which suggested cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. (bmj.com)
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in puerperium: A prospective study. (ox.ac.uk)
- BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by severe "thunderclap" headache, with or without associated neurological symptoms and neuroimaging findings of reversible vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries. (ox.ac.uk)
Induces vasoconstriction3
- Because NE induces vasoconstriction of rat aorta ( Alosachie and Godfraind, 1988 ), herein we used isolated rat aorta instead of bovine coronary artery. (aspetjournals.org)
- In the pulmonary vasculature hypoxia induces vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling. (springer.com)
- Direct electric current induces vasoconstriction and thrombosis [ 32 - 34 ] but also causes tissue damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition6
- As NO is known to mask part of the renal effects of vasoconstrictor drugs, we queried whether the Ang II-induced vasoconstrictions could occur via multiple receptor subtypes during inhibition of NO synthesis. (unboundmedicine.com)
- By contrast, PD-123319 (0.5-500 nM) did not affect the 10 nM Ang II-induced vasoconstriction and concentration-dependently decreased the 0.1 nM Ang II-induced vasoconstriction plateauing at 65% inhibition above 5 nM antagonist. (unboundmedicine.com)
- 7. In conclusion, the renal Ang II-induced vasoconstriction, which is antagonized only by AT1-R antagonist in the presence of endogenous NO, becomes sensitive to both AT1- and AT2-R antagonists during NO synthesis inhibition. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Effects of chronic PGHS-2 inhibition on PGHS-dependent vasoconstriction in the aged female rat. (semanticscholar.org)
- 5-HT-induced K + channel inhibition increases [Ca 2+ ] i in PASMCs, which is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). (ijbs.com)
- In conclusion, KMUP-1 ameliorates 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction and K + -channel inhibition through the PKC pathway, which could be valuable to prevent the development of PAH. (ijbs.com)
Cerebral arteries2
- The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the stimulation of VSMC P2XR receptors (P2XRs) contributes to ATP-evoked sustained vasoconstrictions in rat middle cerebral arteries (RMCAs). (ahajournals.org)
- MELAS and reversible vasoconstriction of the major cerebral arteries. (semanticscholar.org)
Hypertension1
- A vasoconstriction response to acute severe hypertension is likely to explain this reversible angiopathy. (nih.gov)
RCVS8
- RCVS is diagnosed by detecting diffuse reversible cerebral vasoconstriction. (wikipedia.org)
- This study aims to quantify perfusion, assess arterial vasoconstriction, and confirm reversibility using 3T ASL-MRI and MRA in 10 patients with suspected RCVS. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Acquiring these data at multiple time points during RCVS progression, the investigators will assess the relationship between vasoconstriction and downstream perfusion and determine the role of these imaging techniques in early and accurate diagnosis of RCVS. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The hallmark of RCVS is vasoconstriction seen on vascular imaging scans and typically reverses within 3 months. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Prevalence of radiological vasoconstriction seen on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in RCVS is reported to be between 60-90% and typically appears as diffuse segmental constriction of large and medium sized vessels lasting 4-12 weeks. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- 1 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ - 5 RCVS is not a single disease entity but should be considered a common presentation of multiple disorders characterized by reversible vasoconstriction of the cerebral vasculature. (ajnr.org)
- 1 , 2 , 6 , 12 ⇓ - 14 Furthermore, a key feature of RCVS, segmental arterial vasoconstriction, may be absent early in the course of the disease. (ajnr.org)
- In the second part, we will review the imaging features of RCVS, including more recent work exploring associated imaging changes in the cerebral arterial vasculature beyond segmental vasoconstriction. (ajnr.org)
Hypoxia6
- In isolated blood-perfused rat lungs, brief periods of ventilation hypoxia (2% O 2 ) produce pulmonary vasoconstriction. (ahajournals.org)
- The addition of angiotensin II (12-120 nM) to the perfusate during hypoxia resulted in marked pulmonary vasoconstriction in proportion to the amount of angiotensin II added (a maximal response to hypoxia occurred with 120 nM angiotensin II). (ahajournals.org)
- 5. Small doses of almitrine enhanced the action of mild to moderate hypoxia, medium doses attenuated moderately severe hypoxia, whereas high doses depressed vasoconstriction due to all degrees of hypoxia. (portlandpress.com)
- Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Vasoconstriction (HPV) is an essential physiological process which ensures proper ventilationperfusion matching in pulmonary circulation with the ultimate aim of optimizing systemic oxygen delivery. (omicsonline.org)
- Paddenberg R., Goldenberg A., Faulhammer P., Braun-Dullaeus R.C., Kummer W. (2003) Mitochondrial Complex II is Essential for Hypoxia-induced ROS Generation and Vasoconstriction in the Pulmonary Vasculature. (springer.com)
- Would chronically high catecholamines inducing vasoconstriction result in reduced Cerebral Blood Flow and Hypoxia? (healthtap.com)
Patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction3
- To compare the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes evaluated at 2 academic centers, compare subgroups, and investigate treatment effects. (nih.gov)
- One hundred thirty-nine patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes. (nih.gov)
- Patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes have a unique set of clinical imaging features, with no significant differences between subgroups. (nih.gov)
Angiotensin2
- Under physiological circumstances, perivascular adipose cells (PVAT) attenuates agonist\induced vasoconstriction by releasing vasoactive substances including hydrogen peroxide, angiotensin 1C7, adiponectin, methyl palmitate, hydrogen sulfide, Zero and leptin. (antibodyassay.com)
- In this study we have examined the subcellar pathways along which angiotensin II (ANG II) causes renal vasoconstriction. (uni-regensburg.de)
Induce vasoconstriction3
- Aminoamide local anesthetics induce vasoconstriction in vivo and in vitro . (hindawi.com)
- Aminoamide local anesthetics induce vasoconstriction at low doses and vasodilation at high doses [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- These data describe a unique mechanism by which ANG II inhibits arterial myocyte BK currents, by reducing surface channel number, to induce vasoconstriction. (physiology.org)
Arterial vasoconstriction5
- Endothelium-dependent arterial vasoconstriction after balloon angioplasty. (ahajournals.org)
- To determine whether balloon angioplasty can provoke arterial vasoconstriction independent of platelet aggregation and neurogenic input, we studied the spontaneous vasomotor effects of balloon dilatation in isolated, perfused whole-vessel segments of rabbit aorta and pig carotid artery. (ahajournals.org)
- Significant arterial vasoconstriction was observed in the balloon angioplasty segments after dilatation with 5-mm balloons but not with 4-mm balloons. (ahajournals.org)
- These findings demonstrate that stretch-pressure-induced arterial vasoconstriction may occur after balloon angioplasty, independent of platelet aggregation and neurogenic input. (ahajournals.org)
- Finally, Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI can be used to non-invasively quantify perfusion of brain tissue, providing a measure of the impact of upstream arterial vasoconstriction on local cortical regions. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Cutaneous vasoconstriction5
- Cutaneous vasoconstriction will occur because of the body's exposure to the severe cold. (wikipedia.org)
- Nonnoradrenergic mechanism of reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction in men. (biomedsearch.com)
- We tested for a nonnoradrenergic mechanism of reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction with whole body progressive cooling in seven men. (biomedsearch.com)
- Thus, sympathetically mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction is one mechanism whereby MDMA causes hyperthermia. (mdma.net)
- Reversal of cutaneous vasoconstriction by appropriate pharmacological means could be of therapeutic benefit in humans suffering from life-threatening hyperthermia induced by MDMA. (mdma.net)
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes2
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes: analysis of 139 cases. (nih.gov)
- Narrative review: reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes. (semanticscholar.org)
Renal3
- Naloxone (NX) potentiated epinephrine (EPI) induced submaximal vasoconstriction in canine renal and skeletal muscle arterial segments, yet had no vasoconstrictor action alone. (unt.edu)
- Using the isolated perfused rat kidney model, we found that renal vasoconstriction produced by ANG II (100 pM) was not altered by the calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium (1 microM) and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalensulfonamide (W-7, 10 microM) but was blunted by staurosporine (100 nM) and 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methyl-piperazine (H-7, 50 microM), two structurally distinct putative protein kinase C inhibitors. (uni-regensburg.de)
- The phorbol ester 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (1-100 nM) did not alter renal vascular resistance, whereas phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 1-100 nM) caused potent and dose-dependent vasoconstriction that was prevented by staurosporine (100 nM) and H-7 (50 microM). (uni-regensburg.de)
Coronary arteries6
- Mild atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia impair endothelium-mediated vasodilation in coronary arteries, and animal studies suggest that endothelial dysfunction predisposes a person to vasoconstriction and arterial spasm. (medscape.com)
- We conclude that the intranasal administration of cocaine near the dose used for topical anesthesia causes vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries, with a decrease in the coronary blood flow, despite an increase in myocardial oxygen demand, and that these effects are mediated by alpha-adrenergic stimulation. (nih.gov)
- 2,11-14 It has been suggested that the relative contribution of each receptor to endothelin-mediated vasoconstriction is different in canine conduit and resistance coronary arteries, in similarity with noncoronary arteries. (ahajournals.org)
- Paradoxical vasoconstriction of stenotic coronary arteries has been reported during dynamic exercise and may be due to several factors such as alpha-adrenergic drive, a decreased release of nitric oxide, platelet aggregation with release of serotonin, or a passive collapse of the vessel wall. (onlinejacc.org)
- Exercise-induced vasoconstriction of stenotic coronary arteries is prevented by intracoronary administration of phentolamine. (onlinejacc.org)
- Stenotic coronary arteries have shown paradoxical vasoconstriction during isometric (4) but also dynamic exercise (5) . (onlinejacc.org)
Cause vasoconstriction include1
- Medications that cause vasoconstriction include: antihistamines, decongestants, and stimulants. (wikipedia.org)
Severe4
- The extent of vasoconstriction may be slight or severe depending on the substance or circumstance. (wikipedia.org)
- Severe vasoconstriction may result in symptoms of intermittent claudication . (wikipedia.org)
- Vasoconstriction may be slight or severe. (medlineplus.gov)
- The initial CT angiography performed in the emergency room showed severe multisegmental vasoconstriction in the anterior and posterior circulation. (bmj.com)
Blood vessels5
- Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles . (wikipedia.org)
- blood pressure in mammals through vasoconstriction (i.e., contraction of blood vessels), this action requires a high concentration of hormone and is probably not a normal physiological effect. (britannica.com)
- cutaneous blood vessels narrow (vasoconstriction), hairs fluff out to enhance thermal insulation, and appropriate warm-seeking behaviours are stimulated. (britannica.com)
- Vasoconstriction is the narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls. (medlineplus.gov)
- Understanding the vasoconstriction pathways activated by electrical stimuli will help create safe and effective devices for electrical control of blood vessels. (biomedcentral.com)
Degree of vasoconstriction1
- We investigated the action of heparin in reducing the degree of vasoconstriction in the experimantal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) models of rabbits. (springer.com)
Receptor10
- We found that chronic GPER deficiency is associated with increased endothelial prostanoid-mediated vasoconstriction but has no effect on endothelial nitric oxide bioactivity, gene expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptor, or vascular structure. (ahajournals.org)
- 20 - 26 Furthermore, inhibitory effects of 17β-estradiol on COX-dependent responses to vasoconstrictors have suggested a role of estrogen receptors, 27 although the specific estrogen receptor(s) involved in endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction have not been identified. (ahajournals.org)
- By this second component of the mechanism, the same stimulus directly acts on the carbonic anhydrase I isozyme (that might be functionally coupled with adrenergic receptors), so that its activation ensures an adequate pH for stimulus-receptor coupling for signal transduction into the cell, resulting in vasoconstriction. (scielo.br)
- A variety of sigma receptor ligands, steroids and steroid metabolites were tested for the ability to augment EPI vasoconstrictions. (unt.edu)
- Recent studies from this laboratory have indicated that sympathetic α-receptor-mediated coronary vasoconstriction can compete with local metabolic vasodilation to reduce the oxygen supply to the myocardium. (ovid.com)
- In this study we used anesthetized, open-chest dogs to test the hypothesis that α-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction occurs predominantly in epicardial vessels, which are partially removed from the metabolic milieu in the myocardium. (ovid.com)
- These data suggest that, contrary to the proposed hypothesis, adrenergic a-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in the large coronary vessels is not proportionally greater than that observed in the total coronary vascular bed. (ovid.com)
- These studies demonstrate that experimental hypercholesterolemia is characterized by enhanced coronary vasoconstriction to endothelins in vitro, the mechanism of which is mediated mainly through the ETB receptor. (ahajournals.org)
- 7-10 The relative contribution made by each receptor to endothelin-mediated vasoconstriction is different between the two vessel types. (ahajournals.org)
- Paired with the observed maintenance KCl-mediated constriction, it appears an acute bout of exercise is able to attenuate α-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in the femoral artery. (uwaterloo.ca)
Symptoms1
- Listed below are some combinations of symptoms associated with Peripheral vasoconstriction, as listed in our database. (rightdiagnosis.com)
Norepinephrine1
- A classical view of sympathetic vasoconstriction describes the release of norepinephrine (NE) which binds postsynaptic α-adrenergic receptors. (lww.com)
Treat vasoconstriction2
- Medications may be used to treat vasoconstriction or to cause vasoconstriction. (medlineplus.gov)
- Can sodium channel blockers treat vasoconstriction and ED? (healthtap.com)
Causes vasoconstriction1
- Nicotine causes vasoconstriction. (healthtap.com)
Reflex vasoconstriction2
- Because the effects of NE were blocked at sites showing significant reflex vasoconstriction, a nonnoradrenergic mechanism in human skin is indicated, probably via a sympathetic cotransmitter. (biomedsearch.com)
- Local heating (40 degrees C) was achieved with a Peltier element, and reflex vasoconstriction induced by immersion of the contra-lateral hand and forearm for 3 min in water at 15 degrees C. The change in skin blood flow was measured and a vasoconstriction index (VAC: cooling/before cooling) calculated. (lu.se)
Produce vasoconstriction2
- Levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, mepivacaine, and lidocaine produce vasoconstriction both in vivo and in vitro [ 1 , 5 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
- There are two distinct populations of α-adrenergic receptors (α 1 and α 2 ) found of vascular smooth muscle, both of which produce vasoconstriction when stimulated. (lww.com)
Maximum vasoconstriction1
- Regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the reported physicochemical properties of local anesthetics and the local anesthetic concentration that produced 50% (ED 50 ) of the local anesthetic-induced maximum vasoconstriction. (hindawi.com)
Mechanism5
- On a larger level, vasoconstriction is one mechanism by which the body regulates and maintains mean arterial pressure . (wikipedia.org)
- The mechanism that leads to vasoconstriction results from the increased concentration of calcium (Ca 2+ ions ) within vascular smooth muscle cells . (wikipedia.org)
- In the present investigation we studied the relationship between alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists and CA activity in vasoconstriction mechanism. (scielo.br)
- Our findings suggest that increased TMEM16A expression and activity comprise an important pathologic mechanism underlying the vasoconstriction and remodelling of pulmonary arteries in PAH. (ersjournals.com)
- The exact mechanism that is responsible for the reported stenosis vasoconstriction is not clear but may involve several factors such as an enhanced sympathetic stimulation during exercise, endothelial dysfunction with reduced nitric oxide (NO) release or production, increased platelet aggregation with release of serotonin and thromboxane A2, or a passive collapse of the stenotic vessel segment within the stenosis due to the increase in flow velocity during exercise (Venturi effect). (onlinejacc.org)
Pathways2
- Neural inhibitors significantly reduced low-voltage arterial constriction, but did not affect high-voltage arterial or venous constriction, indicating that high-voltage stimuli activate non-neural vasoconstriction pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
- We demonstrate that low-voltage stimuli induce reversible vasoconstriction through neural pathways, while high-voltage stimuli activate non-neural pathways, likely in addition to neural stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Endothelial dysfunction1
- This finding suggests that exercise-induced vasoconstriction is mediated not only by endothelial dysfunction but also by alpha-adrenergic mechanisms. (onlinejacc.org)
Vasodilation2
- Two neuroradiologists reviewed the final cerebral angiographic finding of carotid artery stent placement to evaluate the presence of vasoconstriction or vasodilation. (ajnr.org)
- Although coronary vasoconstriction existed in stenotic vessel segments in control patients, phentolamine-treated patients showed exercise-induced vasodilation without difference in patients with and without chronic beta-blockade. (onlinejacc.org)
Blockade5
- Additional experiments were carried out in rabbit aortas to determine the roles of the endothelium, extracellular calcium, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and calcium-channel blockade in modulating angioplasty-induced vasoconstriction. (ahajournals.org)
- The vasoconstriction was only partially inhibited by calcium channel blockade with verapamil. (ahajournals.org)
- Alphaadrenergic blockade with phentolamine completely eliminated EPI plus NX induced vasoconstriction. (unt.edu)
- 2. In the absence of NO blockade, the AT1-R antagonist L-158809 (500 nM) antagonized the Ang II-induced vasoconstrictions, while the AT2-R antagonist PD-123319 (500 nM) had no effect. (unboundmedicine.com)
- 6. Similar to PD-123319, during NO blockade the AT2-R antagonist CGP-42112A at 5 nM decreased by 50% the 0.1 nM Ang II-induced vasoconstriction and at 500 nM had no effect on 10 nM Ang II-induced vasoconstriction. (unboundmedicine.com)
Adrenergic2
- Heterogeneous microvascular coronary alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction. (ahajournals.org)
- The decrease in maximum α-adrenergic vasoconstriction may be attributed to vascular RAS. (uwaterloo.ca)
Decrease2
- Similar postangioplasty vasoconstriction was observed in the pig carotid arteries (decrease in minimal vessel cross-sectional area of 41% [angioplasty segment] versus 2% [control segment]) (p less than 0.005). (ahajournals.org)
- Does the vasoconstriction decrease blood vessel volume at the same time? (healthtap.com)
Myogenic1
- Arterial smooth muscle cell (myocyte) BK channels serve as a negative regulator of pressure-induced vasoconstriction (the myogenic response) and are modulated by multiple vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agonists and stimuli ( 11 , 24 , 31 - 33 ). (physiology.org)
Serotonin1
- In patients with dysfunctional endothelium, serotonin causes intense vasoconstriction because of its unopposed effects on vascular smooth muscle. (medscape.com)
Carotid endarterectomy1
- Cerebral vasoconstriction cases after carotid endarterectomy have often been reported. (ajnr.org)
Intracranial Hemorrhage1
- the mean time of diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage was 2.2 days from headache onset and the mean time to diagnosis of vasoconstriction was 6.6 days. (ahajournals.org)
Nitric1
- 4 Endothelin binding to vascular smooth muscle ETA and ETB receptors mediates vasoconstriction, whereas ETB receptors on the vascular endothelium mediate a vasodilator response, presumably through increased production and release of nitric oxide and/or prostacyclin 6 and activation of potassium channels. (ahajournals.org)
Vasoconstrictor1
- To determine whether epinephrine facilitates neurogenic vasoconstriction in humans, we contrasted forearm vasoconstrictor responses to a reflex stimulus (lower body negative pressure [LBNP]) and to intraarterial NE before, during, and 30 min after infusion of epinephrine (50 ng/min) or isoproterenol (10 or 25 ng/min) into a brachial artery. (jci.org)
Sympathetic4
- Impairment of sympathetic pulmonary vasoconstriction by 3-methylindole in cattle. (biomedsearch.com)
- These studies provide convincing evidence that the same sympathetic stimulation in resting skeletal muscle produces more vasoconstriction than in exercising skeletal muscle. (lww.com)
- The aim of this study was to quantify the reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction in skin at different depths. (lu.se)
- We conclude that sympathetic skin vasoconstriction does not significantly differ in two compartments, as probed with fibres separated by 0.25 and 0.14 mm. (lu.se)
Humans3
- Epinephrine facilitates neurogenic vasoconstriction in humans. (jci.org)
- These experiments provide the first hemodynamic evidence in humans that epinephrine and isoproterenol facilitate neurogenic vasoconstriction. (jci.org)
- To define the temporal characteristics of cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction in humans and to assess the relation between cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction and the blood concentration of cocaine and its main metabolites. (annals.org)
Recurrent2
- Intranasal cocaine causes recurrent coronary vasoconstriction, which may be due to its metabolites. (annals.org)
- We report a 55-year-old woman with recurrent cerebral vasoconstriction postoperatively. (bmj.com)
Aorta1
- The potency of the vasoconstriction in the endothelium-denuded aorta induced by local anesthetics is determined primarily by lipid solubility and, in part, by other physicochemical properties including potency and pKa. (hindawi.com)
Synthase2
- 3. Perfusing kidneys in the presence of either NO synthase inhibitors, L-NAME (100 microM) or L-NOARG (1 mM), or soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, LY-83583 (10 microM), significantly increased both molar pD2 (from 9.40+/-0.25 to 10.36+/-0.11) and Emax values (from 24.9+/-3.1 to 79.9+/-4.9 mmHg) of the concentration-response curve for Ang II-induced vasoconstriction. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Models of aging have shown that this is due, in part, to increased prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS)-dependent vasoconstriction. (semanticscholar.org)
Endogenous1
- Factors that trigger vasoconstriction can be exogenous or endogenous in origin. (wikipedia.org)
Occur2
- Generalized vasoconstriction usually results in an increase in systemic blood pressure, but it may also occur in specific tissues, causing a localized reduction in blood flow. (wikipedia.org)
- Cerebral vasoconstriction may occur after carotid artery stenting more frequently than expected. (ajnr.org)
CONCLUSIONS1
- Conclusions- This study reveals for the first time that apart from rapidly desensitizing homomeric P2X1Rs, heteromeric P2X1/4Rs contribute to the sustained component of the purinergic-mediated vasoconstriction in RMCA. (ahajournals.org)
Pulmonary arteries1
- This study investigated whether KMUP-1 reduces pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated pulmonary arteries (PAs) and attenuates 5-HT-inhibited K + channel activities in PASMCs. (ijbs.com)
Stenosis1
- Indirect inhibitors (usually act by increasing PA pressures, which overcome vasoconstriction) include vasopressors, volume overload, mitral stenosis, and thromboembolism. (openanesthesia.org)
Cocaine-induced1
- What is the role of endothelial cells in cocaine-induced vasoconstriction? (medscape.com)
Vessel1
- Vasoconstriction is constriction or narrowing of a blood vessel. (medlineplus.gov)