Vancomycin resistance. Medical search

Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of VANCOMYCIN, an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis.

Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.

A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria consisting of organisms causing variable hemolysis that are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS, it is now recognized as a separate genus.

Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-oxygen bond. EC 6.1.

A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Unlike ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS, this species may produce an alpha-hemolytic reaction on blood agar and is unable to utilize pyruvic acid as an energy source.

Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens and the human intestinal tract. Most strains are nonhemolytic.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

Glycopeptide antibiotic complex from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.

A carboxypeptidase that is specific for proteins that contain two ALANINE residues on their C-terminal. Enzymes in this class play an important role in bacterial CELL WALL biosynthesis.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.

A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. Its GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE is commonly used in research.

Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Non-susceptibility of a microbe to the action of METHICILLIN, a semi-synthetic penicillin derivative.

Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.

The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.

Nonsusceptibility of a microbe to the action of ampicillin, a penicillin derivative that interferes with cell wall synthesis.

Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.

A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.

A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of METHICILLIN. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired PENICILLIN BINDING PROTEINS.

An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.

Antibiotic complex obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis containing mainly Moenomycins A and C. They are used as feed additives and growth promoters for poultry, swine, and cattle.

Ligases that catalyze the joining of adjacent AMINO ACIDS by the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds between their carboxylic acid groups and amine groups.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.

Alcohol oxidoreductases with substrate specificity for LACTIC ACID.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

EXOPEPTIDASES that specifically act on dipeptides. EC 3.4.13.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.

A cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that inhibits GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.

Derivatives of acetamide that are used as solvents, as mild irritants, and in organic synthesis.

Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Bacterial proteins that share the property of binding irreversibly to PENICILLINS and other ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS derived from LACTAMS. The penicillin-binding proteins are primarily enzymes involved in CELL WALL biosynthesis including MURAMOYLPENTAPEPTIDE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; PEPTIDE SYNTHASES; TRANSPEPTIDASES; and HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.

Enzymes that act at a free C-terminus of a polypeptide to liberate a single amino acid residue.

The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Enzyme which catalyzes the peptide cross-linking of nascent CELL WALL; PEPTIDOGLYCAN.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of hexose groups. EC 2.4.1.-.

A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment.

Acyltransferases that use AMINO ACYL TRNA as the amino acid donor in formation of a peptide bond. There are ribosomal and non-ribosomal peptidyltransferases.

Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins.

The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Peptides composed of two amino acid units.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.

A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.

A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS that is a spherical, non-motile, gram-positive, chemoorganotrophic, facultative anaerobe. Mainly found on the skin and mucous membrane of warm-blooded animals, it can be primary pathogen or secondary invader.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. It produces a toxin that causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis (ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS) in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.

The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.

Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.

An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.

One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)

A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)

Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of TETRACYCLINE which inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit during protein synthesis.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.

Diseases of plants.

The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antifungal agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation.

Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.

A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.

Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of the beta-lactam antibiotics. Mechanisms responsible for beta-lactam resistance may be degradation of antibiotics by BETA-LACTAMASES, failure of antibiotics to penetrate, or low-affinity binding of antibiotics to targets.

A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.

A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.

Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM.

Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS, usually with STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

A 25-kDa peptidase produced by Staphylococcus simulans which cleaves a glycine-glcyine bond unique to an inter-peptide cross-bridge of the STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS cell wall. EC 3.4.24.75.

A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.

Coccus-shaped bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.

Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.

An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.

Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.

Non-susceptibility of an organism to the action of the cephalosporins.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Enzymes that cause coagulation in plasma by forming a complex with human PROTHROMBIN. Coagulases are produced by certain STAPHYLOCOCCUS and YERSINIA PESTIS. Staphylococci produce two types of coagulase: Staphylocoagulase, a free coagulase that produces true clotting of plasma, and Staphylococcal clumping factor, a bound coagulase in the cell wall that induces clumping of cells in the presence of fibrinogen.

A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.

A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).

A type of strength-building exercise program that requires the body muscle to exert a force against some form of resistance, such as weight, stretch bands, water, or immovable objects. Resistance exercise is a combination of static and dynamic contractions involving shortening and lengthening of skeletal muscles.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

Regulated interactions between partner and non-partner sensors and response regulators that control glycopeptide resistance gene expression in enterococci. (1/967)

Transcription of the vanA and vanB glycopeptide resistance gene clusters is regulated by the VanRS and VanRBSB two-component regulatory systems, respectively. Histidine to glutamine substitutions were introduced at positions 164 of VanS and 233 of VanSB to prevent autophosphorylation of the sensor kinases and transfer of the phosphate groups to the VanR and VanRB response regulators. VanSH164Q and VanSBH233Q abolished activation of VanR and VanRB by host kinases. The phosphatase activity of VanSBH233Q was negatively modulated by vancomycin whereas VanSH164Q prevented transcription of the resistance genes under all growth conditions. Cross-talk was detected between VanRB and VanS in a vanSB null mutant. VanR is required for activation of promoters PR and PH allowing transcription of the regulatory (vanRS) and resistance (vanHAXYZ) genes, respectively. Under non-inducing conditions, activation of VanR by cross-talk was blocked by the presence of a multicopy plasmid carrying PH. Presence of the high-affinity VanR-binding sites of the regulatory region of PH on the multicopy vector probably sequestered VanR, thereby preventing autoactivation of the PR promoter. Under such circumstances, stimulation of the host kinase by glycopeptides or moenomycin was required for expression of the resistance genes. (+info)

Enterococci with glycopeptide resistance in turkeys, turkey farmers, turkey slaughterers, and (sub)urban residents in the south of The Netherlands: evidence for transmission of vancomycin resistance from animals to humans? (2/967)

The number of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) relative to the total number of enterococci was determined in fecal samples from turkeys and three human populations in 1996, each with a different level of contact with turkeys, i.e., turkey farmers, turkey slaughterers, and (sub)urban residents. The percentage of VRE relative to the total enterococcal population (i.e., the degree of resistance) was low (2 to 4%) in all groups (except in six samples). No difference was observed between farmers who used avoparcin and those who did not. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of the VRE isolates from the different populations were quite heterogeneous, but isolates with the same PFGE pattern were found among animal and human isolates, in addition to the isolates which were described previously (A. E. van den Bogaard, L. B. Jensen, and E. E. Stobberingh, N. Engl. J. Med. 337:1558-1559, 1997). Detailed molecular characterization of vanA-containing transposons from different isolates showed, that in addition to a previously reported strain, similar transposons were present in VRE isolates from turkeys and turkey farmers. Moreover, similar VanA elements were found not only in isolates with the same PFGE pattern but also in other strains from both humans and animals. (+info)

The efficacy and safety of quinupristin/dalfopristin for the treatment of infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Synercid Emergency-Use Study Group. (3/967)

A progressive increase in the incidence of vancomycin resistance in strains of Enterococcus faecium (VREF) has severely constrained treatment options for patients with infection caused by this emerging pathogen. Quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid), the first injectable streptogramin antibiotic, is active in vitro against VREF, with an MIC90 of 1.0 mg/L. We studied the clinical efficacy and safety of quinupristin/dalfopristin in the treatment of VREF infection. Two prospective studies were conducted simultaneously. The first enrolled only patients with VREF infection; the second included patients with infection caused by other gram-positive bacterial pathogens in addition to VREF. Patients were enrolled if they had signs and symptoms of active infection and no appropriate alternative antibiotic therapy. The recommended treatment regimen of quinupristin/dalfopristin was 7.5 mg/kg i.v. every 8 h for a duration judged appropriate by the investigator. A total of 396 patients with VREF infection were enrolled. The most frequent indications for treatment included intra-abdominal infection, bacteraemia of unknown origin, urinary tract infection, catheter-related bacteraemia, and skin and skin structure infection. This patient population had a high prevalence of severe underlying illness, including a history of diabetes mellitus, transplantation, mechanical ventilation, dialysis, chronic liver disease with cirrhosis and oncological disorders. The mean (+/- S.D.) duration of treatment was 14.5 +/- 10.7 days (range: 1-108). The majority of patients (82.1%) were treated every 8 h, as assessed on day 2 of treatment, while 15.9% were treated every 12 h. The clinical success rate was 73.6% [142/193 clinically evaluable patients; 95% confidence interval (CI): 67.4%, 79.8%], the bacteriological success rate 70.5% (110/156 bacteriologically evaluable patients; 95% CI: 63.4%, 77.7%) and the overall success (both clinical and bacteriological success) rate 65.8% (102/156 bacteriologically evaluable patients; 95% CI: 57.9%, 72.9%). VREF bacteraemia at entry, mechanical ventilation and laparotomy were associated with a worse outcome. Quinupristin/dalfopristin was generally well tolerated. The most common systemic adverse events related to treatment were arthralgias (9.1%) and myalgias (6.6%). Related laboratory abnormalities were infrequent. In these severely ill patients with VREF infection and no other clinically appropriate therapeutic alternatives, quinupristin/dalfopristin demonstrated substantial efficacy and a good nervous system, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic tolerability. (+info)

A cluster of VanD vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: molecular characterization and clinical epidemiology. (4/967)

VanD-mediated glycopeptide resistance has been reported for an isolate of Enterococcus faecium, BM4339. Three clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium collected from 3 patients during a 6-week period in 1993 had agar dilution MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin of 128 and 4 microg/mL, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers complementary to genes encoding d-Ala-d-X ligases yielded a 630-bp product that was similar to the published partial sequence of vanD. By use of inverse PCR, vanD, vanHD, and two partial flanking open-reading frames were sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of VanD showed 67% identity with VanA and VanB. vanD appeared to be located on the chromosome and was not transferable to other enterococci. The 3 isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and differed from BM4339. No other isolates carrying vanD were found in a subset of 875 recent US isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (+info)

Quinupristin/dalfopristin: therapeutic potential for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. (5/967)

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes infections among severely ill, hospitalized patients, in whom it is likely to increase the risk of progressive local or systemic disease and to worsen the prognosis. Because these organisms are often highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and many other antimicrobials including the glycopeptides, there are few proven therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of infection caused by VREF. Quinupristin/dalfopristin is highly active against VREF in vitro. A prolonged post-antibiotic effect, good polymorphonuclear leucocyte/macrophage penetration and slow release, and active metabolites allow this agent to be used with an 8 or 12 h dosing interval. The combined results from a Phase III non-comparative study and an emergency-use study of quinupristin/dalfopristin for the treatment of VREF infection produced a clinical response rate (cure or improvement) in 142 (73.6%) of 193 clinically evaluable patients. The baseline pathogen was eradicated or presumed eradicated from 110 of 156 (70.5%) bacteriologically evaluable patients. Fifty-two per cent of the severely ill patients in these two studies died, but no death was attributed to quinupristin/dalfopristin therapy. The most common adverse event was arthralgia (9.1%). Quinupristin/dalfopristin has demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of serious VREF infections, including those that have failed conventional therapy. (+info)

Costs of treating infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (6/967)

Infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) increases the risk of mortality and results in prolonged hospitalization and high utilization of costly treatment modalities. Measures to prevent the spread of MRSA (and possibly VREF) include patient isolation and decontamination, hygiene measures, ward closure, and screening of patients and staff for carriage. In seriously ill patients, the increased use of vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA can lead to the emergence of VREF colonization/infection. Quinupristin/dalfopristin is effective in the treatment of MRSA infections, including nosocomial pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection, and septicaemia. In the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia, clinical success rates were equivalent between quinupristin/dalfopristin and vancomycin. In the context of a hospital policy which emphasizes effective hygiene measures and the prudent use of antibacterials, quinupristin/dalfopristin is an effective antimicrobial that can help to control the high costs associated with multiresistant MRSA and VREF infections. (+info)

Near absence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci but high carriage rates of quinolone-resistant ampicillin-resistant enterococci among hospitalized patients and nonhospitalized individuals in Sweden. (7/967)

Rates of colonization with enterococci with acquired resistance to vancomycin (vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE]) and ampicillin (ampicillin-resistant enterococci [ARE]) were determined by using fecal samples from 670 nonhospitalized individuals and 841 patients in 27 major hospitals. Of the hospitalized patients, 181 (21.5%) were carriers of ARE and 9 (1.1%) were carriers of VRE. In univariate analyses, length of hospital stay (odds ratio [OR], 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 8.9) and antimicrobial therapy (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 3.3 to 6.7) were associated with ARE colonization, as were prior treatment with penicillins (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.8 to 5. 5), cephalosporins (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.7 to 5.0), or quinolones (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5 to 4.7). In logistic regression analysis, antimicrobial therapy for at least 5 days was independently associated with ARE carriage (adjusted OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.4). Over 90% of the ARE isolates were fluoroquinolone resistant, whereas 14% of the ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium isolates were fluoroquinolone resistant. ARE carriage rates correlated with the use of fluoroquinolones (P = 0.04) but not with the use of ampicillin (P = 0.68) or cephalosporins (P = 0.40). All nine VRE isolates were E. faecium vanB and were found in one hospital. Seven of these isolates were related according to their types as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Among the nonhospitalized individuals, the ARE carriage rate was lower (6%; P < 0.05), and only one person, who had recently returned from Africa, harbored VRE (E. faecium vanA). The absence of VRE colonization in nonhospitalized individuals reflects an epidemiological situation in Sweden radically different from that in countries in continental Europe where glycopeptides have been widely used for nonmedical purposes. (+info)

Glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus: evaluation of a novel screening method and results of a survey of selected U.S. hospitals. (8/967)

Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with decreased susceptibilities to glycopeptide antimicrobial agents, such as vancomycin and teicoplanin, have emerged in the United States and elsewhere. Commercially prepared brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) supplemented with 6 microg of vancomycin per ml was shown in a previous study to detect glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (GISA) with high sensitivity and specificity; however, this medium, when prepared in-house, occasionally showed growth of vancomycin-susceptible control organisms. This limitation could significantly impact laboratories that prepare media in-house, particularly if they wished to conduct large surveillance studies for GISA. Therefore, a pilot study to detect GISA was performed with vancomycin-containing Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) prepared in-house in place of commercially prepared BHIA. MHA was selected for this study because this medium is widely available and well standardized. The results of the pilot study showed that supplementation of MHA with 5 microg of vancomycin per ml was both a sensitive and a specific method for screening for GISA isolates. This method was used to screen for GISA among 630 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus collected during 1997 from 33 U.S. hospitals. Although 14 S. aureus isolates grew on the screening agar, all were vancomycin susceptible (MICs were +info)

... resistance evolved in more common pathogenic organisms during the 1990s and 2000s, including vancomycin-intermediate ... "vancomycin". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. "vancomycin - definition of vancomycin in English from the Oxford dictionary". ... constitutive resistance Variant of vancomycin has been tested that binds to the resistant D-lactic acid variation in vancomycin ... may have contributed to the evolution of vancomycin-resistant organisms. One mechanism of resistance to vancomycin involves the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin

This acquired vancomycin resistance is distinguished from the natural vancomycin resistance of certain enterococcal species ... Antibiotic resistance Drug resistance MDR-TB "Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and the Clinical Laboratory". Centers for ... and Van-C is only partly resistant to vancomycin. The mechanism of resistance to vancomycin found in enterococcus involves the ... from those with vanC intrinsic resistance. Detection of vancomycin resistance by the use of PCR targeting vanA and vanB can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin-resistant_Enterococcus

Resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics can involve either reduced affinity of existing PBP components or the acquisition of a ... Prince, A. "Cephalosporins and vancomycin" (PDF). Columbia University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2019. ... "Cephalosporin spectrum of resistance". Retrieved 1 July 2012. Sutaria, Dhruvitkumar S.; Moya, Bartolome; Green, Kari B.; Kim, ... 2000). Post Penicillin Antibiotics: From acceptance to resistance?. Wellcome Witnesses to Contemporary Medicine. History of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalosporin

Resistance to vancomycin in E. faecalis is becoming more common. Treatment options for vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis include ... Ampicillin- and vancomycin-sensitive E. faecalis (lacking high-level resistance to aminoglycosides) strains can be treated by ... Daptomycin or linezolid may also show efficacy in case ampicillin and vancomycin resistance. A combination of penicillin and ... Courvalin P (January 2006). "Vancomycin resistance in Gram-positive cocci". Clin. Infect. Dis. 42 Suppl 1: S25-34. doi:10.1086/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalis

nov., exhibiting vancomycin resistance and teicoplanin susceptibility". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 158 (1): 89-93. doi:10.1111/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbacterium_resistens

... and multidrug resistance is common. As indicated above, even glycopeptide-resistant (vancomycin and teicoplanin) strains have ... 2007). "Detection of vancomycin heteroresistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus and vancomycin intermediate resistant ... They are thinner, cover less surface area, and are less hydrophobic, but they also have an increased level of resistance to ... S. haemolyticus has the highest level of antibiotic resistance among the CoNS. Various strains are resistant to one or more of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_haemolyticus

Cells color gramnegative, and lack vancomycin resistance. They are not motile and do not glide. Growth ceases in complete ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloeobacter

Mory, Francine; Lozneiwski (June 1998). "Low-Level Vancomycin Resistance in Clostridium innocuum". Journal of Clin Microbiology ... resistance to vancomycin was seen in all 28 strains isolated. All other clostridial species were at least 8 times more ... susceptible to vancomycin than C. innocuum, suggesting an intrinsic vancomycin resistance mechanism in C. innocuum. Smith, ... Most strains were found to be only moderately susceptible to vancomycin (MIC at which 90% of strains are inhibited, 4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_innocuum

Kruse T, Levisson M, de Vos WM, Smidt H (September 2014). "vanI: a novel D-Ala-D-Lac vancomycin resistance gene cluster found ... Kalan L, Ebert S, Kelly T, Wright GD (July 2009). "Noncanonical vancomycin resistance cluster from Desulfitobacterium hafniense ... All tested strains are resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin. Over the years several additional strains belonging to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desulfitobacterium_hafniense

"Vancomycin Modified to Combat Growing Antibiotic Resistance Threat". Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News. 30 May 2017. ... "Antibiotics resistance: researchers succeed to block genes of resistance". University of Montreal. 22 November 2017. Retrieved ... 22 November - In a breakthrough for antibiotic resistance, researchers at the Université de Montréal in Canada report a way of ... 30 May Researchers at the Scripps Research Institute announce a way to structurally modify vancomycin to make the antibiotic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_in_science

Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices ... Transfer of vancomycin-resistant enterococci via health care worker hands. Arch Intern Med 2005;165(3):302-7. Hall CB, Douglas ... Reduction in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and Clostridium difficile infections following change to tympanic thermometers. ... Recurrence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus stool colonization during antibiotic therapy. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission-based_precautions

Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium is often referred to as VRE. This bacterium has developed multi-drug antibiotic resistance and ... September 2017). "Small RNAs in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium involved in daptomycin response and resistance". ... A genome-wide E. faecium sRNA study suggested that some sRNAs are linked to the antibiotic resistance and stress response. ... "Enterococcal Infections, Vancomycin Resistant" (PDF). Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section Office of Public Health, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecium

Resistance to other antibiotics was documented in some strains of S. aureus. In 1996, vancomycin resistance was reported in ... S. aureus has also developed resistance to vancomycin (VRSA). One strain is only partially susceptible to vancomycin and is ... The first documented strain with complete (>16 μg/ml) resistance to vancomycin, termed vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), ... Strains with intermediate (4-8 μg/ml) levels of resistance, termed glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus (GISA) or vancomycin- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus

C. jeikeium is usually susceptible to vancomycin and tetracycline. Resistance to macrolide antibiotics is often encountered. It ... Rosato AE, Lee BS, Nash KA (July 2001). "Inducible macrolide resistance in Corynebacterium jeikeium". Antimicrobial Agents and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacterium_jeikeium

Resistance to the antibiotics ampicillin and vancomycin has been observed. D. lykanthroporepellens is strictly anaerobic and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehalogenimonas_lykanthroporepellens

E. gallinarum demonstrates an inherent, low-level resistance to vancomycin. Resistance is due to a chromosomal gene, vanC, ... That is a separate mechanism than the vancomycin resistance seen in VRE isolates of E. faecium and E. faecalis which is ... Cohen J, Opal SM, Powderly WG (2010). "Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria". Infectious Diseases. ISBN ... Gilmore MS, Clewell DB (2002). The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance. Washington, D.C.: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_gallinarum

April 2003). "Infection with vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus containing the vanA resistance gene". The New England ... For this reason, vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, is commonly used to combat MRSA. Vancomycin inhibits the synthesis of ... of the high level of resistance to penicillins and because of the potential for MRSA to develop resistance to vancomycin, the U ... S. aureus biofilms also have high resistance to host immune response. Though the exact mechanism of resistance is unknown, S. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus

Charpentier also helped to demonstrate how S. pneumoniae develops vancomycin resistance. Charpentier worked as an assistant ... Novak, R.; Henriques, B.; Charpentier, E.; Normark, S.; Tuomanen, E. (1999). "Emergence of vancomycin tolerance in ... Charpentier's PhD work investigated molecular mechanisms involved in antibiotic resistance. Charpentier's paternal grandfather ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier

... pathogenic potential and vancomycin resistance". Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 10 (9): 771-6. doi:10.1089/fpd.2013.1492. ... This multi-drug resistance has been linked to certain genes. For beta-lactam resistance, the mechanism is by altering ... Further resistance testing of S. hyicus isolates found high resistance to penicillin, macrolides, tetracycline, sulfonamides ... Other implicated plasmid resistance genes are tet(L) for tetracyclines, erm(C) for macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_hyicus

... as a functionalized derivative of chloroeremomycin to combat rising antibacterial resistance to vancomycin. The ... The structures of vancomycin and chloroeremomycin are very similar, differing only in the glycosylation sites. Vancomycin is ... Chloroeremomycin is a member of the glycopeptide family of antibiotics, such as vancomycin. The molecule is a non-ribosomal ... There is no reported total synthesis of chloroeremomycin, although there are several total syntheses of vancomycin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroeremomycin

VRSA strain acquired the vancomycin resistance gene cluster vanA from VRE. The diagnosis of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus ... Including Vancomycin-Intermediate and Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Strains: Resistance Mechanisms, Laboratory ... including vancomycin-intermediate and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate strains: resistance mechanisms, laboratory ... High-level vancomycin resistance in S. aureus has been rarely reported. In vitro and in vivo experiments reported in 1992 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus

Urinary tract infections can be treated specifically with nitrofurantoin, even in cases of vancomycin resistance. Enterococcal ... In the last two decades, particularly virulent strains of Enterococcus that are resistant to vancomycin (vancomycin-resistant ... 38383-6 Kurup A, Chlebicki MP, Ling ML, Koh TH, Tan KY, Lee LC, Howe KB (April 2008). "Control of a hospital-wide vancomycin- ... It often requires treatment with intravenous or intrathecal vancomycin, yet it is debatable as to whether its use has any ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus

Sensitivity, as of 2003, is still found in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin and bacitracin. Bergan T, Bøvre K, Hovig B ... Rothia mucilaginosa is resistant to the quinolone class of antibiotics, with extreme resistance to fluoroquinolones. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothia_mucilaginosa

Even the least active bottromycin derivatives exhibited greater anti-VRE activity than vancomycin, which was used as a control ... The need to find new antibiotics to combat antibiotic resistance means that biologic and synthetic interest in bottromycin will ... It has been shown to inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) ... Bottromycin is structurally distinct from both vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, and methicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottromycin

A Database on vancomycin and b-lactam resistance genes". Bioinformation. 1 (1): 5-7. doi:10.6026/97320630001005. ISSN 0973-8894 ... Antimicrobial Resistance databases Zhou, C. E.; Smith, J.; Lam, M.; Zemla, A.; Dyer, M. D.; Slezak, T. (2007-01-03). "MvirDB--a ... Scaria, Joy; Chandramouli, Umamaheswaran; Verma, Sanjay Kumar (2005-02-01). "Antibiotic Resistance Genes Online (ARGO): ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Antimicrobial resistance organizations, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MvirDB

The T. celer cell envelope lacks muramic acid, indicating resistance to penicillin and vancomycin. T. celer is a strict ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermococcus_celer

... a polyketide glycoside complex from a cave bacterium can defeat vancomycin resistance". Chemistry: A European Journal. 11 (19 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces_tendae

September 2008). "Molecular characterisation of linezolid resistance in two vancomycin-resistant (VanB) Enterococcus faecium ... although resistance in enterococci has been reported. Some authors have predicted that resistance in E. faecium will increase ... Drug Resistance Updates. 17 (1-2): 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.drup.2014.04.002. PMID 24880801. Emergence of resistance has been ... and as an alternative to vancomycin for MRSA meningitis. Linezolid appears superior to vancomycin in treating community- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linezolid

D-dipeptidase which is essential for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium BM4147". Biochemistry. 34 (8): 2455-63. doi: ... "The structure of VanX reveals a novel amino-dipeptidase involved in mediating transposon-based vancomycin resistance". ... Reynolds PE, Depardieu F, Dutka-Malen S, Arthur M, Courvalin P (September 1994). "Glycopeptide resistance mediated by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Ala-D-Ala_dipeptidase

Because exposure to rifamycins in the past may increase risk for resistance, rifaximin should be avoided in such cases. ... Rifaximin may also be a useful addition to vancomycin when treating patients with relapsing C. difficile infection. However, ... the development of bacterial resistance is rare, and most of the drug taken orally stays in the gastrointestinal tract where ... "Interruption of recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea episodes by serial therapy with vancomycin and rifaximin". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaximin

Many antibiotics such as penicillin and vancomycin inhibit the enzymes that produce and then cross-link the strands of this ... Gualerzi CO, Brandi L, Fabbretti A, Pon CL (2013). Antibiotics: Targets, Mechanisms and Resistance. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor

Changes in Antibiotic Use Practices on Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance-Clostridium difficile and Vancomycin- ... In some cases, antibiotic resistance is spreading to Gram-negative bacteria that can infect people outside the hospital. "For ... Many types display antimicrobial resistance, which can complicate treatment.[citation needed] In the UK about 300,000 patients ... Objects in closest proximity to patients have the highest levels of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital-acquired_infection

... vancomycin, and metronidazole and it is found enriched in the gastrointestinal tracts of people treated with antibiotics. In ... lower insulin resistance, lower inflammation and better cardiometabolic profile. More recently, they have linked this effect ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkermansia_muciniphila

The ABCB11 gene encodes for the bile salt export pump (BSEP) protein, and the ABCB4 gene encodes for the multidrug resistance 3 ... Some antibiotics examined for PSC include vancomycin, which has extensively studied and reviewed. The usage of the drug is ... the evidence that vancomycin is a therapeutic option for primary sclerosing cholangitis". Alimentary Pharmacology & ... vancomycin or metronidazole in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis - a pilot study". Alimentary Pharmacology & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestasis

Changing patterns in microbial resistance suggest cefotaxime may be suffering greater resistance than ceftriaxone, whereas the ... cefotaxime for plant tissue culture Archived 2012-05-04 at the Wayback Machine vancomycin for plant cell culture Archived 2012- ... Van TT, Nguyen HN, Smooker PM, Coloe PJ (March 2012). "The antibiotic resistance characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella ... including several with resistance to classic β-lactams such as penicillin. These bacteria often manifest as infections of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefotaxime

MRSA can develop resistance to ceftaroline through the alteration of penicillin-binding proteins. Amino acid-altering mutations ... Vancomycin plus Aztreonam in Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections (cSSSI). 2008 Interscience Conference on ... While cephalosporinases (a type of beta-lactamase that inactivates cephalosporins) confers resistance to other cephalosporins, ... PBP2a mutations causing high-level Ceftaroline resistance in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceftaroline_fosamil

For instance, vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, and erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic produced by Saccharopolyspora ... The recent emergence of infections due to Gram-negative bacterial strains with advanced patterns of antimicrobial resistance ... ISBN 978-0-470-74167-2. Walter P. Hammes1 and Francis C. Neuhaus (1974). "On the Mechanism of Action of Vancomycin: Inhibition ... activity and resistance". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43 (4): 727-37. doi:10.1128/AAC.43.4.727. PMC 89199. PMID 10103173. ME ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoglycoside

Another alternative is dexamethasone with vancomycin and meropenem. Pericarditis can appear, either as a septic pericarditis ... Antibiotic choice should be based on local antibiotic resistance information. Complications following meningococcal disease can ... although rifampin was associated with resistance to the antibiotic following treatment. Eighteen studies provided data on side ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcal_disease

Pelczar, M. J.; Chan, E. C. S. and Krieg, N. R. (1999) "Host-Parasite Interaction; Nonspecific Host Resistance", In: ... Antibiotics that cover methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Vancomycin Teicoplanin Linezolid Daptomycin ... causes less alteration to the bowel microbiota of Clostridium difficile-infected patients than does vancomycin". Microbiology. ... Aminoglycosides Antibiotics that cover vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE): Linezolid Streptogramins Tigecycline Daptomycin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_antibiotics

The microbe resistance of a surface treated with the appropriate antimicrobial nanotechnology can last up to 90 days, or the ... Dried cotton fabrics have been shown to support Enterococci that is resistant to vancomycin for up to 18 hours and fungi for ... class of antimicrobial has been created by applying nanotechnology to the challenge of superbugs and multiple drug resistance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_nanotechnology

Antibiotic resistance occurs sporadically, conferred by the continuous use of piperacillin-tazobactam in situations where it ... imipenem or nafcillin alone and in combination with vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in ... Grebe T, Hakenbeck R (April 1996). "Penicillin-binding proteins 2b and 2x of Streptococcus pneumoniae are primary resistance ... Yang Y, Rasmussen BA, Shlaes DM (August 1999). "Class A beta-lactamases--enzyme-inhibitor interactions and resistance". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piperacillin

Infection and Drug Resistance. 12: 1597-1615. doi:10.2147/IDR.S207572. PMC 6579870. PMID 31354309. "What is FMT? - The Fecal ... "Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis with vancomycin and Saccharomyces boulardii". The American Journal of ... is a type of diabetes that affects adults and is characterized by insulin resistance, which occurs when tissue sensitivity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysbiosis

In general, resistance arises due to mutations in penicillin-binding proteins, production of metallo-β-lactamases, or ... Many of these adverse effects were observed in severely ill individuals already taking many medications including vancomycin. ... resistance to diffusion across the bacterial outer membrane. Unlike imipenem, it is stable to dehydropeptidase-1, so can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meropenem

... including vancomycin resistant strains) Acinetobacter baumannii Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella ... "Eravacycline is active against bacterial isolates expressing the polymyxin resistance gene mcr-1" (PDF). Antimicrobial Agents ... maintains in-vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae carrying the mcr-1 gene responsible for polymyxin b/colistin resistance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eravacycline

Antibacterials: increased risk of ototoxicity with aminoglycosides, polymyxins and vancomycin; avoid concomitant use with ... "Co-administration of furosemide with albumin for overcoming diuretic resistance in patients with hypoalbuminemia: a meta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furosemide

During critical illness, a state of adrenal insufficiency and tissue resistance to corticosteroids may occur. This has been ... Meanwhile, for antibiotics with low volume distribution (vancomycin, teicoplanin, colistin), a loading dose is required to ... For methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin or teicoplanin is recommended. For Legionella infection, ... low blood pressure due to decreased systemic vascular resistance, higher cardiac output, and disorders in blood-clotting that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis

Occasionally, a standard 10-day course of oral vancomycin will not work. In these cases, a vancomycin taper is the preferred ... antibiotic resistance, or both. Resistance to other antibiotics such as metronidazole, the first choice of antimicrobial drug ... Primary infections are typically treated with vancomycin, with a usual dosage of 125 mg every 6 hours. The vancomycin regimen ... Patients take decreasing doses of vancomycin over a period of up to 3 months, depending on the severity of the infection. Each ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile

The thickened cell walls exist in subspecies with and without vancomycin resistance which suggests this subspecies did not ... which can be the result of a genetic background that also allows for vancomycin resistance. ... The combined resistance to novobiocin and oxacillin is hypothesized to have originated from a simultaneous introduction of ... This strain was named so because of its unique resistance to novobiocin and its failure to produce acid aerobically from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_hominis

He is known as a pioneer in HIV/AIDS research and for his work on vancomycin as a treatment for Clostridioides difficile ... Spellberg, Brad; Bartlett, John G.; Gilbert, David N. (2013). "The Future of Antibiotics and Resistance". New England Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Bartlett

Bugg TD, Wright GD, Dutka-Malen S, Arthur M, Courvalin P, Walsh CT (October 1991). "Molecular basis for vancomycin resistance ... "Purification and characterization of the VanB ligase associated with type B vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis V583 ... biosynthesis of a depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursor by vancomycin resistance proteins VanH and VanA". Biochemistry. 30 (43 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-alanine—(R)-lactate_ligase

This organism, too, can carry the genetic material that imparts multiple bacterial resistance. It is rarely implicated in ... Biology portal Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) "staphylococcus , Origin and ... Staphylococcus species are resistant to bacitracin (0.04 U disc: resistance = < 10 mm zone of inhibition) and susceptible to ... The widespread incidence of antibiotic resistance across various strains of S. aureus, or across different species of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus

Notice to Readers Availability of Recommendations for Preventing Vancomycin Resistance In February 1995, the Hospital Infection ... Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:105-13. ... Control Practices Advisory Committee published Recommendations for Preventing the Spread of Vancomycin Resistance (1). Copies ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00036694.htm

... Recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices ... especially moderate vancomycin resistance (as manifested in the VanB phenotype) (9-11). Vancomycin resistance in enterococci ... Determine vancomycin resistance and high-level resistance to penicillin (or ampicillin) and aminoglycosides (62) for ... for confirmation of vancomycin resistance. References. References * CDC. Nosocomial enterococci resistant to vancomycin -- ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0039349/m0039349.asp

Monitoring Antimicrobial Use and Resistance: Comparison with a National Benchmark on Reducing Vancomycin Use and Vancomycin- ... Monitoring Antimicrobial Use and Resistance: Comparison with a National Benchmark on Reducing Vancomycin Use and Vancomycin- ... Vancomycin use prescribing practice change. No. of ICUs (%). Vancomycin use before and after practice change. p valuec. ... Removed vancomycin from surgical prophylaxis. 3 (6%). 82.0. 82.2. 85.9. 149.1. 0.01. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/7/01-0465-t1

Title : Increasing resistance to vancomycin and other glycopeptides in Staphylococcus aureus. Personal Author(s) : Tenover, F. ... Although isolates with homogeneous resistance to vancomycin (MICs = 8 microg/mL) continue to be rare, there are increasing ... Methicillin-Susceptible, Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Brazil Cite CITE. Title : Methicillin-Susceptible, ... Although nosocomial spread of the vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strains has not been observed in U.S. hospitals, ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/3314

Emergence of low level vancomycin resistance in MRSA.. Authors: Assadullah, S. Kakru, D K. Thoker, M A. Bhat, F A. Hussain, N. ... Assadullah S, Kakru DK, Thoker MA, Bhat FA, Hussain N, Shah A. Emergence of low level vancomycin resistance in MRSA. Indian ... of low level vancomycin resistance in the organisms and may explain the reasons of delayed therapeutic success of vancomycin in ... of vancomycin. The results showed that 98 strains (81.7 %) had MIC 32microg/mL) values points towards possible emergence ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/53708

Monitoring Antimicrobial Use and Resistance: Comparison with a National Benchmark on Reducing Vancomycin Use and Vancomycin- ... Monitoring Antimicrobial Use and Resistance: Comparison with a National Benchmark on Reducing Vancomycin Use and Vancomycin- ... Difference (postintervention period minus pre-intervention) in rate of vancomycin use and prevalence of vancomycin-resistant ... and the Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology (ICARE) Project, and the National Nosocomial Infections ...

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/7/01-0465-f2

Vancomycin is an antibiotic that is often used to treat these infections. Antibiotics are medicines that are used to kill ... These resistant bacteria are called vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). VRE can be hard to treat because there are fewer ... Often, other antibiotics besides vancomycin can be used to treat most VRE infections. Lab tests will tell which antibiotics ... Have been treated before with vancomycin, or other antibiotics for a long time ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000476.htm

Vancomycin Resistance "This is one of the first reports on this emerging strain of MRSA. USA600 is particularly resistant to ... Vancomycin has had perhaps the slowest rate of development of resistance among antibiotics. This study suggests we are seeing ... Other lab tests of USA600 showed resistance to vancomycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole, Dr. Moore said. ... bacteremia is potentially lethal and is associated with vancomycin resistance, according to a study from the Henry Ford Health ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/711869

Results of search for ccl=su:{Vancomycin} and su-to:Drug resistance, Microbial ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=su%3A%7BVancomycin%7D%20and%20su-to%3ADrug%20resistance%2C%20Microbial&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=location:BORROWABLE-COLL-STACKS

Clonal Lineages, Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Fecal Samples of ... Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Fecal Samples of Red Foxes ( ...

https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/47/3/769/121654/Clonal-Lineages-Antibiotic-Resistance-and

VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE RESISTENCIA A LA VANCOMICINA RESSECÇÃO TRANSURETRAL DA PRÓSTATA TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/news2000pie.htm

... and antimicrobial resistance patterns of VRE and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci at three U.S. spray irrigation sites that ... faecalis isolates expressed resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin (52% of isolates), vancomycin (4%), tetracycline (13%), ... Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible Enterococcus spp. in reclaimed water used for spray irrigation. ... In particular, no previous studies have evaluated the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in reclaimed water ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=radiation&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=17&RecNo=166&View=f&

Categories: Vancomycin Resistance Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Vancomycin+Resistance&parentid=38572&catid=37504

Increasing resistance to vancomycin and other glycopeptides in Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:327-32.PubMed ... screening for vancomycin-resistant subpopulations (mainly those with MIC for vancomycin of 4 µg/mL) in the vancomycin- ... teicoplanin resistance has become more common than vancomycin resistance, particularly among coagulase-negative staphylococcal ... Whether the mechanisms responsible for homogeneous intermediate resistance to vancomycin in our staphylococci are similar to ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/5/01-0387_article

Impact of flavophospholipol and vancomycin on conjugational transfer of vancomycin resistance plasmids. Antimicrob. Agents ... has very low resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin but this property is not transferable to other species. The resistance is ... has very low resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin but this property is not transferable to other species. The resistance is ... has very low resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin but this property is not transferable to other species. The resistance is ...

https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Vancomycin-resistant_Enterococcus&diff=next&oldid=64718

... or vancomycin if resistance is suspected ... are more likely to have higher rates of antibiotic resistance, ... potential antimicrobial resistance patterns, and patient-specific issues such as drug allergies or chronic medical conditions. ... vancomycin, or daptomycin) and gram-negative nosocomial pathogens (especially Pseudomonas species and other Enterobacteriaceae ... peripheral vascular resistance; WBC = white blood cell. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/234587

17). Resistance to most commonly available antibiotics was moderate to very high among Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates ... all staphylococci isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (Table 3). ... Trends in antibiotic utilization and bacterial resistance: report of the national nosocomial resistance surveillance group. ... 17). Resistance to most commonly available antibiotics was moderate to very high among Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates ...

http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-2-1996/volume-2-issue-3/article20.html

This nation-wide survey on the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) included 142 healthcare institutions and ... Continuous increase of vancomycin resistance in enterococci causing nosocomial infections in Germany - 10 years of surveillance ... Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Europe - Annual report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance. Surveillance ... several countries reported an increasing proportion of vancomycin resistance among invasive isolates of Enterococcus faecium [4 ...

https://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756-019-0466-x

... and vancomycin. Resistance to tetracyclines did not vary through the study period and concerned 91% (95% CI 89%-92%) of the ... Forecasting Antimicrobial Resistance Antifungal-Resistant Candida haemulonii, China More articles on Antimicrobial Resistance ... Resistance to erythromycin and high-level resistance to amikacin of GBS neonatal isolates, France, 2007-2019 ... Campisi E, Rosini R, Ji W, Guidotti S, Rojas-López M, Geng G, et al. Genomic analysis reveals multi-drug resistance clusters in ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/11/20-1669

The effect of an antibiotic policy on the control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci outbreak and on the resistance patterns ... The effect of an antibiotic policy on the control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci outbreak and on the resistance patterns ... INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic resistance has become one of the main medical problems worldwide. This is mainly due to an overuse and ... A significant change in antibiotic resistance patterns was observed and in vitro efficacy of antibiotics against bacteria ...

https://journalclub.wustl.edu/2010/03/18/the-effect-of-an-antibiotic-policy-on-the-control-of-vancomycin-resistant-enterococci-outbreak-and-on-the-resistance-patterns-of-bacteria-isolated-from-the-blood-of-patients-in-a-hematology-unit/

The risk for emerging resistance to vancomycin. Alfonso EC, Flynn HW Jr. Alfonso EC, et al. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995 Nov;113(11): ... Shifting trends in bacterial keratitis in south Florida and emerging resistance to fluoroquinolones. Alexandrakis G, Alfonso EC ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Alfonso+EC&cauthor_id=11296013

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a new model of antibiotic resistance. Lancet Infect Dis 2001;1:147-155.CrossRef ... Imipenem resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates: risk factors for infection and impact of resistance on clinical and ... 13. Chavers, LS, Moser, SA, Benjamin, WH, et al. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: 15 years and counting, J Hosp Infect 2003; ... New antibiotic agents in the pipeline and how they can help overcome microbial resistance. Virulence, Vol. 4, Issue. 2, p. 185 ...

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/infection-control-and-hospital-epidemiology/article/policy-statement-on-antimicrobial-stewardship-by-the-society-for-healthcare-epidemiology-of-america-shea-the-infectious-diseases-society-of-america-idsa-and-the-pediatric-infectious-diseases-society-pids/48207C6BE27AB8C26F17672EF25F5808

Antimicrobial Resistance. *Current: Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus species (VRE). Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus species ... What is Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus species (VRE)?. Vancomycin is an antibiotic often used to treat infections caused by ... Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) are bacteria that are resistant to the drug vancomycin. Most VRE infections occur in ... Risk factors for VRE include previous treatment with vancomycin or other antibiotics, hospitalization, weakened immune system, ...

https://www.in.gov/health/erc/healthcare-associated-infections-and-antimicrobial-resistance-epidemiology/antimicrobial-resistance2/vancomycin-resistant-enterococcus-species-vre/

Ciprofloxacin or Rifampin resistance by culture. *Vancomycin and. *Rifampin (if sensitive). *References. *Buddendorff (2021) ...

https://fpnotebook.com/legacy/Rheum/ID/PrprsthtcJntInfctn.htm

Vancomycin resistance. map02060 Phosphotransferase system (PTS). map04066 HIF-1 signaling pathway. map04152 AMPK signaling ...

https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C00022

The vancomycin that we used to rely on to treat MRSA infection was defeated. Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) ... Enterobacteria, organisms usually found in the gut, had also acquired vancomycin resistance. Today, infections with formidable ... Bacterial resistance in hospitals is everywhere you look. This is a war like no other. There needs to be cultural change in our ... Last week, Dame Sally Davies, the chief medical officer of England, likened the problem of antibiotic resistance to the risks ...

https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/mar/17/antibiotic-resistance-war-against-superbugs

... antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic residues in wastewater from a poultry slaughterhouse. The efficacy of ... vanA encodes inducible high-level resistance to glycopeptides, and VVE have the ability to revert into vancomycin-resistant ... Hembach, N. et al. Occurrence of the mcr-1 Colistin resistance gene and other clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes ... The multidrug-resistance phenotype (3MDRO) was defined based on combined resistance to piperacillin (PIP), cefotaxime (CTX) and ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-96169-y?error=cookies_not_supported

Since 1989, a rapid increase in the incidence of infection and colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has been reported by U.S. hospitals. (cdc.gov)
From 1989 through 1993, the percentage of nosocomial enterococcal infections reported to CDC's National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system that were caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) increased from 0.3% to 7.9% (1). (cdc.gov)
Vancomycin resistance in enterococci has coincided with the increasing incidence of high-level enterococcal resistance to penicillin and aminoglycosides, thus presenting a challenge for physicians who treat patients who have infections caused by these microorganisms (1,4). (cdc.gov)
VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (cdc.gov)
These resistant bacteria are called vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). (medlineplus.gov)
In particular, no previous studies have evaluated the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in reclaimed water used at spray irrigation sites in the United States. (cdc.gov)
To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the occurrence, concentration, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of VRE and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci at three U.S. spray irrigation sites that use reclaimed water. (cdc.gov)
This nation-wide survey on the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) included 142 healthcare institutions and showed an increasing number of VRE colonizations and infections in Switzerland, probably for the most part due to nosocomial dissemination. (biomedcentral.com)
The effect of an antibiotic policy on the control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci outbreak and on the resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from the blood of patients in a hematology unit. (wustl.edu)
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of an antibiotic policy and enhanced infection control on the occurrence of epidemic strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from the blood of patients hospitalized in two departments of a hematology center in Poland. (wustl.edu)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) are bacteria that are resistant to the drug vancomycin. (in.gov)
High-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci strains isolated in this study may act as reservoirs in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. (semanticscholar.org)
One of the most worrisome "superbugs" is called VRE - vancomycin resistant enterococci. (theness.com)
Photis Rotsides , PhD candidate in the Biochemistry of Health and Disease program, gave an invited talk titled "Elucidating the antibiotic sensing mechanism of VanB vancomycin-resistant Enterococci" at Experimental Biology 2022, the annual meeting of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. (drexel.edu)
Nilsson O. Vancomycin resistant enterococci in farm animals-occurrence and importance. (aaem.pl)
Obeng AS, Rickard H, Ndi O, Sexton M, Barton M. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance patterns in enterococci from intensive and free range chickens in Australia. (aaem.pl)

Analysis of USA600 isolates in the microbiological research lab at Henry Ford Hospital showed that 50% were vancomycin heteroresistant, meaning that in the presence of vancomycin, resistant subcolonies of the strain emerged. (medscape.com)
however, resistance to other antimicrobial classes is more prevalent, particularly among non-E. faecalis isolates. (cdc.gov)
Staphylococcal isolates with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides, such as vancomycin and teicoplanin, are a serious public health problem because staphylococci frequently show multidrug resistance, and glycopeptides are the only remaining effective drugs. (cdc.gov)
In our department, all clinically significant staphylococcal isolates are screened for reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and teicoplanin by an agar incorporation method ( 9 ) , which has been routinely performed since January 1999. (cdc.gov)
Two vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcal isolates (one S. aureus and one S. sciuri ) were recovered in our hospital during December 2000 and April 2001, respectively. (cdc.gov)
17). Resistance to most commonly available antibiotics was moderate to very high among Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. (who.int)
Multiple bacterial isolates from a single patient with the same resistance patterns were considered as one isolate for studying minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using Micro Scan, Type TN dried panel (Baxter Health Care Corporation, West Sacramento, California, USA). (who.int)
In Europe, several countries reported an increasing proportion of vancomycin resistance among invasive isolates of Enterococcus faecium [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The hypothesis that tigecycline resistance in clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria arises as a result of the up-regulated activity of intrinsic efflux systems of the RND family is supported. (semanticscholar.org)
About a third showed high lever aminoglycoside resistance and these isolates were usually ciprofloxacin, resistance. (uwi.edu)
Seven isolates were vancomycin resistant. (uwi.edu)
19 (16.5%) isolates showed a high level of resistance to streptomycin, but no high level resistance to gentamycin. (aaem.pl)
39.1%) showed combined resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B. 61 (53%) isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 6 (5.2%) strains as possibly extensively drug-resistant (XDR). (aaem.pl)
The incidence of oxacillin resistance was high (77%), although all isolates remained susceptible to linezolid, daptomycin and tigecycline. (biomedcentral.com)
Carriage of multiple resistance genes was common among the staphylococcal isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome sequencing of methicillin (cefoxitin) resistant staphylococci (MRS) isolates revealed majority of S. sciuri (93%, n = 27) carrying mecA1 (which encodes for beta-lactam resistance) and the sal(A) gene, responsible for resistance to lincosamide and streptogramin. (biomedcentral.com)
Resistance among CoNS was the highest to ampicillin (90%) and penicillin (89%), few isolates resistant to cefoxitin and vancomycin, 9% respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of vancomycin MIC for isolates of MRSA over a 3-year period in a tertiary university hospital in Portugal. (biomedcentral.com)
Antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States during 1999--2000, including a comparison of resistance rates since 1994--1995. (ox.ac.uk)
lowest resistance rates were noted with isolates from cerebrospinal fluid and blood. (ox.ac.uk)
We sequenced the whole genomes of 116 S. aureus isolates collected in 2013-2014 within the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program. (who.int)
The multilocus sequence type, spa type, SCCmec type, presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants and virulence genes and relatedness between the isolates were all derived from the sequence data. (who.int)
Because the binding sites for these antibacterial drugs overlap, cross-resistance is sometimes observed among lincosamides, macrolides and streptogramin B. Macrolide-inducible resistance to clindamycin occurs in some isolates of macrolide-resistant bacteria. (nih.gov)
Resistance profiles, patient demographics and microbiological work-up of gram positive isolates were analyzed in order to develop infection control activities and policies at the National Center for Maternity and Children's Health (NCMCH) in Ulaanbataar, Mongolia. (pitt.edu)
Compared with published studies from neighboring nations, the rates of antimicrobial resistance among gram positive isolates at NCMCH, particularly with respect to S. aureus and S. pneumoniae, were much higher. (pitt.edu)

Enterococcus germs can become resistant to vancomycin and therefore are not killed. (medlineplus.gov)
Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible Enterococcus spp. (cdc.gov)
SEM of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. (kenyon.edu)
Vancomycin-resistant Entercoccus (VRE) (figure 1) is a bacterial strain of Enterococcus that has acquired resistance to the antibiotic vancomycin through the uptake of a plasmid that has the resistance. (kenyon.edu)
Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus was isolated in Europe in the late 1980s. (kenyon.edu)
Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. (aaem.pl)
The aim of the present study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance profiles of Enterococcus spp. (aaem.pl)
Hollenbeck BL, Rice LB. Intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms in enterococcus. (aaem.pl)
Šeputienė V, Bogdaitė A, Ružauskas M, Sužiedėlienė E. Antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from diseased farm animals: pigs, cattle and poultry. (aaem.pl)
Diarra MS, Rempel H, Champagne J, Masson L, Pritchard J, Topp E. Distribution of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus spp. (aaem.pl)
It has activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms (ESBL's). (unmc.edu)
The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was 84.6% and 83.3%, respectively. (who.int)

One hundred and twenty methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were checked for minimum inhibitory concenteration (MIC) of vancomycin. (who.int)
The results showed that 98 strains (81.7 %) had MIC 32microg/mL) values points towards possible emergence of low level vancomycin resistance in the organisms and may explain the reasons of delayed therapeutic success of vancomycin in S.aureus bacteraemia in some situations. (who.int)
In northern Greece, resistance to teicoplanin has recently been documented in S. haemolyticus strains isolated from clinical infections ( 8 ) . (cdc.gov)
We report the first bloodstream infections in Greece associated with S. aureus and S. sciuri strains that have homogeneous intermediate-resistance to vancomycin (MIC = 8 µg/mL). (cdc.gov)
When a reduced susceptibility to vancomycin was observed (MIC 8 to 16 µg/mL), the test was repeated for confirmation of the result and the strains were also tested by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution ( 9 ) and E-test (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) with BHI agar (Oxoid, Ltd., Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK) and an inoculum density adjusted to 0.5 McFarland value. (cdc.gov)
Tigecycline and fosfomycin can be included in the routine panel of antibiotics for susceptibility testing by disc diffusion to provide fast and reliable information for the selection of treatment alternatives, especially for strains with extreme resistance, as carbapenemase producers. (semanticscholar.org)
However, these nomograms were published before the emergence of heteroresistant and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains and the publication of joint consensus recommendations to keep troughs over 10 mcg/ml. (scirp.org)
Increasing antibiotic resistance and the appearance of multidrug-resistant pathogenic strains of bacteria and fungi are becoming a serious global problem. (scialert.net)
CoNS are known carriers of transferable genetic elements that contribute to the survival of some strains of S. aureus and are often cited as reservoirs of resistance genes [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A number of single-centre studies have identified progressive increases in glycopeptide MICs for S. aureus strains over recent years - a phenomenon known as vancomycin MIC creep. (biomedcentral.com)
N ovel protein targets that can be used by candidate drug molecules to kill antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus , including vancomycin-resistant S. aureus , have been identified by researchers at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune. (journosdiary.com)

A vancomycin resistant bacteria sharing vanB gene with a vancomycin sensitive bacteria from the CDC. (kenyon.edu)
The resistance is transferred through a plasmid from an already resistant bacteria to a sensitive bacteria. (kenyon.edu)
With VRE's aptitude for passing on it's genes to other bacteria, this strain is very capable of transferring it's resistance to lethal infections such as MRSA. (kenyon.edu)
Depiction of Vancomycin sensitive and vancomycin resistant bacteria from Mcstrother. (kenyon.edu)
Vancomycin works by inhibiting cell wall formation in gram positive bacteria and by this mechanism. (kenyon.edu)
Patterns of drug resistance varied according to species of bacteria but were generally quite high. (who.int)
4. Antimicrobial resistance, the development of resistance to antimicrobials in microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites), has emerged as a major public health problem that threatens the advances of modern medicine. (who.int)
A significant change in antibiotic resistance patterns was observed and in vitro efficacy of antibiotics against bacteria isolated from the blood increased remarkably. (wustl.edu)
Ozone treatment has been shown to exhibit a high reduction efficacy of 98.4% against facultative pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) 12 . (nature.com)
Bacteria are slowly (or sometimes not that slowly) evolving resistance to our antibiotics. (theness.com)
Ideally these antibiotics would be resistant to resistance - they would attack a vulnerability in the bacteria that they cannot easily evolve a defense against. (theness.com)
My hope is that we will develop new antibiotics and new methods for killing bacteria that are immune to resistance. (theness.com)
Vancomycin is bacteriocidal, meaning it kills bacteria. (theness.com)
This makes it more difficult for bacteria to evolve resistance by chance, because any one bacterium would have to have three beneficial mutations. (theness.com)
The bacteria had antibiotic-resistant genes, known as ARGs, for vancomycin, bacitracin and polymyxin. (greencarcongress.com)
The bacteria also had an ARG for multidrug resistance, a strong defense gene that can resist heavy metals as well as antibiotics, according to Thomas, who was conducting his doctoral research at the time. (greencarcongress.com)
They are opportunistic bacteria that can cause severe infections, with the ability to acquire, express and transfer antimicrobial resistance. (aaem.pl)
This scanning electron micrograph (SEM) shows a strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria taken from a vancomycin intermediate resistant culture. (the-hospitalist.org)
Increasing antibiotic resistance among human pathogens, particularly pathogenic bacteria and fungi, is becoming a serious challenge and a cause for global concern. (scialert.net)
Antibiotics such as vancomycin and carbapenems are active against highly-antibiotic resistant bacteria unresponsive to other antibiotics. (choosingwisely.org)
Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of VANCOMYCIN , an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
The ever-changing resistance patterns of bacteria severely cripple the ability of health care providers to manage and treat infections. (reviewofcontactlenses.com)
A beta-lactam is a cyclic amide that inhibits cell wall synthesis of bacteria, and the resistance from MRSA comes from its production of beta lactamase, an enzyme that breaks down beta-lactams. (quintessay.com)
The protein targets identified are crucial for the growth and survival of the bacteria and hence S. aureus are less likely to cause mutations in them to confer drug-resistance. (journosdiary.com)
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. (thibodaux.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Emergence of low level vancomycin resistance in MRSA. (who.int)
November 5, 2009 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) - The USA600 strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is potentially lethal and is associated with vancomycin resistance, according to a study from the Henry Ford Health System in Detroit, Michigan, reported here at the Infectious Diseases Society of America 47th Annual Meeting. (medscape.com)
This is bad news, experts warned, because vancomycin is the drug most often used to treat MRSA. (medscape.com)
At this point in time, although it would make sense to switch a patient with MRSA USA600 to a different antibiotic [than vancomycin], there are no data to guide clinicians," she said. (medscape.com)
The vancomycin that we used to rely on to treat MRSA infection was defeated. (theguardian.com)
James Hadler] Well, MRSA is nothing more or less than Staphylococcus aureus , with resistance to a specific class of antibiotics, penicillinase-resistant penicillins. (cdc.gov)
Thus, clinically, MRSA isn't particularly different than staph without methicillin resistance. (cdc.gov)
Thus, reducing the number of staph infections caused by MRSA is important in the fight against antibiotic resistance. (cdc.gov)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms were incubated with vancomycin and NDs under the hybrid stimulation. (dovepress.com)
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic with activity against a variety of Gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). (scirp.org)
Regional variations in resistance was due to the differential distribution of MRSA clones between regions, particularly for the two major HA-MRSA clones, ST22-IV (EMRSA-15) which is resistant to ciprofloxacin and typically erythromycin, and ST239-III (Aus2/3 EMRSA) which is resistant to multiple non-β-lactam antimicrobials. (alcohol.gov.au)
Guidelines have been developed that can safely limit the empiric use of vancomycin to those infants known to be colonized with MRSA. (choosingwisely.org)
Vancomycin is the primary treatment for infections caused by methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). (biomedcentral.com)
as a result each institution should systematically monitor MRSA vancomycin MIC over time. (biomedcentral.com)
However, vancomycin treatment failure in MRSA is not uncommon, even when MRSA is susceptible to vancomycin. (biomedcentral.com)
In the Philippines, MRSA rates have remained above 50% since 2010, but resistance to other antibiotics, including vancomycin, is low. (who.int)

Since the early reports of glycopeptide-resistant staphylococci, teicoplanin resistance has become more common than vancomycin resistance, particularly among coagulase-negative staphylococcal species ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
S. aureus ATCC 29213, which had MICs for vancomycin of 1 µg/mL and for teicoplanin of 0.5 µg/mL, was used as a control for the estimation of the MICs. (cdc.gov)
The strain was also resistant to tobramycin, macrolides, tetracyclines, rifampicin, and fusidic acid, and had intermediate resistance to vancomycin (MIC 8 µg/mL) and teicoplanin (MIC 16 µ/mL) by all tested methods (agar dilution, broth microdilution, and E-test). (cdc.gov)
The last operon, vanC, has very low resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin but this property is not transferable to other species. (kenyon.edu)
In the armamentarium against it there were a handful of exotic-sounding drugs - vancomycin and teicoplanin among them. (theguardian.com)
No resistance was detected to vancomycin, teicoplanin or linezolid. (alcohol.gov.au)
Resistance in methicillin susceptible S. aureus was rare apart from erythromycin (12.8%) and was absent for vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid and daptomycin. (alcohol.gov.au)
Gram-positive spectrum antibiotics such as vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, and linezolid are frequently used in empirical treatment combinations in critically ill patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients older than 18 years and who were prescribed gram-positive spectrum antibiotics (vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and daptomycin) were included. (biomedcentral.com)

Increasing resistance to vancomycin and other glycopeptides in Staphylococcus aureus. (cdc.gov)
Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) emerged in our hospitals. (theguardian.com)
In 2012, 29 institutions around Australia participated in the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) period prevalence study of key resistances in Staphylococcus aureus associated with a range of clinical disease amongst hospital outpatients and general practice patients. (alcohol.gov.au)
In 2012, the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) conducted a community-onset period-prevalence survey of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital outpatients and general practice patients including nursing homes, long term care facilities and hospice patients. (alcohol.gov.au)
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in staphylococci, though partly dependent on innate microbial characteristics, is mainly driven by antimicrobial use [ 11 , 12 ] S. aureus are known to adapt and gain resistance to nearly all antibiotics used to treat it. (biomedcentral.com)
To analyse the concentration of serum level in the voucher (one hour before the next administration of the drug dose) of vancomycin in newborns with Staphylococcus aureus infection or oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative. (bvsalud.org)
We selected 30 patients who had staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative sepsis and used vancomycin as a treatment. (bvsalud.org)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vancomycin for use in the United States in 1958 to treat penicillin-resistant1 Staphylococcus aureus infection. (bvsalud.org)

However, when resistance to vancomycin is detected, two antibiotics commonly used as alternative therapies are linezolid (Zyvox) and daptomycin (Cubicin). (pmlive.com)
People with potential or active bloodstream infections are treated with Vancomycin, Linezolid, or Daptomycin. (quintessay.com)
Linezolid versus vancomycin in the treatment of known or suspected resistant gram-positive infections in neonates. (nursingcenter.com)

This increase poses important problems, including a) the lack of available antimicrobial therapy for VRE infections, because most VRE are also resistant to drugs previously used to treat such infections (e.g., aminoglycosides and ampicillin), and b) the possibility that the vancomycin-resistant genes present in VRE can be transferred to other gram-positive microorganisms (e.g. (cdc.gov)
There are three types of clinically studied vancomycin resistant genes, vanA, vanB, and vanC. (kenyon.edu)
ESBL (extended-spectrum β-lactamase)-producing E. coli , antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic residues in wastewater from a poultry slaughterhouse. (nature.com)
However, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in large-volume tap water and their temporal stability during corpse decay are poorly explored. (researchsquare.com)
The tetracycline and beta-lactamase resistance genes of the experimental groups were obviously enriched compared with control groups, and the ARG profiles were convergent during different decay stages, which indicated the long-term persistence of ARGs. (researchsquare.com)
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are called as inherent characteristic of microorganisms (Wright and Poinar, 2012). (researchsquare.com)
Thus, laying hens of hobby flocks, which share the outside environment with people, could represent a hazard for public health by providing a conduit for the entrance of resistance genes into the community. (aaem.pl)
This project uses whole genome sequencing of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) to demonstrate that Australian APEC carry few antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in comparison with overseas APEC. (amr.gov.au)
This will help track the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. (amr.gov.au)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)

In February 1995, the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee published Recommendations for Preventing the Spread of Vancomycin Resistance (1). (cdc.gov)
An increased risk for VRE infection and colonization has been associated with previous vancomycin and/or multiantimicrobial therapy, severe underlying disease or immunosuppression, and intraabdominal surgery. (cdc.gov)
This report presents recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee for preventing and controlling the spread of vancomycin resistance, with a special focus on VRE. (cdc.gov)
The removal of an intravenous catheter and treatment with gentamicin and vancomycin eradicated the infection. (cdc.gov)
It is likely that patterns of microbial infection and antibiotic resistance in ICU patients differ widely from one hospital or country to another and are often facilitated by the increasing use of invasive techniques, immunosuppressive drugs and inappropriate antibiotic therapy [1,4-7]. (who.int)
The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of microbial infection in association with antibiotic resistance among patients consecutively admitted to the adult ICU in the Jordan University Hospital in Amman over a one-year period. (who.int)
Misuse and overuse of antimicrobial medicines, lack of awareness of the magnitude of antimicrobial resistance, absence of robust antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems, and inadequate infection prevention and control programmes are among the main factors contributing to the growth of antimicrobial resistance globally. (who.int)
The factors responsible for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance include the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in the human health sector, as well as in the food production and animal sectors, and a lack of adequate infection prevention and control programmes to reduce the incidence of infections and the transmission of resistant pathogens. (who.int)
Methicillin resistance by itself is not an added problem for the individual who has a staph infection. (cdc.gov)
In cases of severe infection, intravenous (IV) vancomycin therapy remains the first-line choice. (pmlive.com)
Unnecessary use of broadspectrum antibiotics, including cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone, have been shown to contribute to antibiotic resistance and C. difficile infection. (choosingwisely.org)
Vancomycin in particular is commonly used as a first-line choice when infection is suspected in the newborn intensive care unit, despite evidence that there is no survival benefit attributed to empiric therapy for most infected infants. (choosingwisely.org)

Vancomycin is an antibiotic that is often used to treat these infections. (medlineplus.gov)
Often, other antibiotics besides vancomycin can be used to treat most VRE infections. (medlineplus.gov)
Des infections microbiennes ont été observées chez 30% (155/519) de l'ensemble des malades admis au service de soins intensifs pour adultes de l'Hôpital universitaire de Jordanie à Amman en 1993. (who.int)
The antibiotics ZYVOX or Vancomycin combined with topical treatment of Triclosan directly to the skin infections seem to me to produce the best result. (cdc.gov)
Omadacycline's enhanced antibacterial spectrum, lack of significant resistance, decreased adverse effects, and availability in an oral dosage form give it a niche role in the treatment of community-acquired infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. (unmc.edu)
Increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, treatment failure, and financial losses have been reported in dairy cows with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) clinical mastitis, however, studies on CoNS infections are limited in South Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
We showed independent acquisition of resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in various locations and genetic clones but mostly in paediatric patients with invasive infections. (who.int)
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic considered the gold standard in the treatment of staphylococcal infections that are oxacillin-resistant. (bvsalud.org)
The institute manages a research portfolio of grants aimed at the problem of antimicrobial resistance and hospital-acquired infections. (medlineplus.gov)
Health care providers commonly use the antibiotic vancomycin to treat Enterococcal infections, but VRE are resistant to the drug. (medlineplus.gov)

Vancomycin and ampicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations and high-level aminoglycoside resistance tests were also performed. (aaem.pl)
According to the experts, a combination treatment of ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole and vancomycin completely inhibited hepatic neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration in mice given the control diet. (naturalnews.com)

Microorganisms sequestered in biofilms are characterized by enhanced resistance against common antimicrobial agents and reduced susceptibility to host immune defenses. (dovepress.com)
If no susceptibility testing is performed, or the results are not available at the time of labor, vancomycin is the preferred agent for GBS intrapartum prophylaxis for penicillin-allergic women at high risk for anaphylaxis. (cdc.gov)

One of the most serious issues in health care is the growing threat of microbial resistance to antibiotic therapy. (reviewofcontactlenses.com)

Seventy-three percent of coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) Isolated from blood cultures were contaminants and 34% of patients with contaminating CoNS were treated with specific anti-staphylococcal antibiotics including vancomycin. (uwi.edu)

We were unable to find in our institution data compatible to the presence of vancomycin MIC creep during the study period. (biomedcentral.com)

While it is difficult to track the global impact of antibiotic resistance across all bacterial species, the World Health Organisation estimates that for tuberculosis alone multi-drug resistance accounts for more than 150,000 deaths each year. (theguardian.com)
In the midst of our battle against drug resistance, IDSA hopes the guidelines highlight the importance of the judicious use of antibiotics. (cdc.gov)
Because some drugs are becoming less effective in treating gonorrhea, the CDC recently updated its treatment guidelines to slow the emergence of drug resistance. (medlineplus.gov)
The report also includes a summary on the status of drug resistance for TB, HIV and malaria. (who.int)

Thus, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play an important part in the distribution of so-called new emerging pathogens and antibiotic resistances. (frontiersin.org)
It is clear that there are several human pathogens that develop antibiotic resistance-overuse is not the only cause, according to Thomas. (greencarcongress.com)
Don't use vancomycin or carbapenems empirically for neonatal intensive care patients unless an infant is known to have a specific risk for pathogens resistant to narrower-spectrum agents. (choosingwisely.org)

Thus, intravenous vancomycin is an appropriate initial choice. (the-hospitalist.org)

Low levels of awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance, and a lack of robust antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems to accurately measure the burden of resistance, hamper the capacity of countries to control the spread of antimicrobial resistance. (who.int)

Of all the Gram-positive organisms, 38% were multi-drug resistant, only sensitive to vancomycin. (scielo.org.za)

Project Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology (ICARE), January 1996-July 1999. (cdc.gov)
To describe the epidemiology of enterococcal bacteriuria in a hospital and compare the clinical picture and patient outcomes depending on vancomycin resistance" (p. 133). (medscape.com)

Other antimicrobials (eg, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, vancomycin) may be added for management of complications (eg, hypotension, pneumonia) or if antimicrobial resistance is suspected or proven. (medscape.com)
Resistance to the non- -lactam antimicrobials varied between regions. (alcohol.gov.au)

The association of vancomycin treatment failures with increased vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is a well-recognized problem. (biomedcentral.com)

Penicillin-resistant staphylococci have emerged since the 1980s, and currently both types are sensitive to vancomycin only. (bvsalud.org)

The patient became febrile, and multiple courses of antibiotics (amikacin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and vancomycin, alone or in combinations) were administered before the S. sciuri strain was isolated. (cdc.gov)

Omadacycline is a tetracycline with a unique chemical structure that allows it to overcome resistance mechanisms used against doxycycline and minocycline, including drug efflux and ribosomal protection. (unmc.edu)

Antibiotic resistance is no longer an abstract risk: this is now a war. (theguardian.com)

As did species with new patterns of resistance. (theguardian.com)
The aim of the study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns of staphylococci isolated from livestock and farm attendants in Northern Ghana using phenotypic and genotypic methods. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation in CoNS isolated from cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, no studies have been published on the antimicrobial resistance patterns of CoNS from dairy cattle in South Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation of CoNS isolated from cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort milk laboratory, Department of Production Animal Studies, South Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
Do emerging antibiotic resistance patterns differ depending on practice patterns? (reviewofcontactlenses.com)

The highest resistance to vancomycin is vanA and continues decreasing with vanB then vanC. (kenyon.edu)

Current treatment guidelines recommend the administration of one dose of intravitreal vancomycin 1 mg/0.1 mL with one dose of intravitreal ceftazidime 2.25 mg/0.1 mL ( TABLE 1 ). (uspharmacist.com)
However, the greater the necessity for repeated intervention, the more likely use of antibiotics will contribute to resistance-e.g., cataract surgery performed once is much less likely to contribute to resistance than 30 intravitreal injections. (reviewofcontactlenses.com)

Resistance to clindamycin is most often caused by modification of specific bases of the 23S ribosomal RNA. (nih.gov)
Cross-resistance between clindamycin and lincomycin is complete. (nih.gov)

The first change makes the primary action of the drug, preventing cell wall synthesis, 1000 times more potent than current vancomycin. (theness.com)

Enterobacteria, organisms usually found in the gut, had also acquired vancomycin resistance. (theguardian.com)
Broad spectrum antibiotics and longer durations of therapy have not been shown to be more beneficial and these practices contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of pathogenic organisms (eg, Clostridium difficile). (choosingwisely.org)
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is supporting research on several organisms that have developed resistance to antimicrobial drug treatment. (medlineplus.gov)

Levin, D. , Glasheen, J. and H. Kiser, T. (2016) Pharmacist and Physician Collaborative Practice Model Improves Vancomycin Dosing in an Intensive Care Unit. (scirp.org)
Given the interpatient variability and complexity of vancomycin dosing in intensive care unit patients, utilizing a multidisciplinary approach to therapy could improve time to therapeutic target attainment and patient safety. (scirp.org)
The dosage adjustment of vancomycin in severely ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit is important and requires more studies related to this area, as the work of a multidisciplinary body makes the treatment better and more specific. (bvsalud.org)

USA600 is particularly resistant to vancomycin, which is worrisome because it is the drug we depend on. (medscape.com)

Vancomycin has had perhaps the slowest rate of development of resistance among antibiotics. (medscape.com)
So, while this is definitely encouraging, I would not assume that the development of resistance to this triple-mechanism antibiotic cannot emerge, only that it will take longer to emerge. (theness.com)
The expert panel recommended monitoring of steady-state vancomycin troughs with a goal level above 10 mcg/ml to avoid development of resistance. (scirp.org)

Occult serious side, baylor college of antibiotic-resistance in critically ill patient has suggested early or active 99.4 susceptible. (eliteplatinumlimo.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms13

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Regulated interactions between partner and non-partner sensors and response regulators that control glycopeptide resistance gene expression in enterococci. (1/967)

Enterococci with glycopeptide resistance in turkeys, turkey farmers, turkey slaughterers, and (sub)urban residents in the south of The Netherlands: evidence for transmission of vancomycin resistance from animals to humans? (2/967)

The efficacy and safety of quinupristin/dalfopristin for the treatment of infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Synercid Emergency-Use Study Group. (3/967)

A cluster of VanD vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: molecular characterization and clinical epidemiology. (4/967)

Quinupristin/dalfopristin: therapeutic potential for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. (5/967)

Costs of treating infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (6/967)

Near absence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci but high carriage rates of quinolone-resistant ampicillin-resistant enterococci among hospitalized patients and nonhospitalized individuals in Sweden. (7/967)

Glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus: evaluation of a novel screening method and results of a survey of selected U.S. hospitals. (8/967)

Vancomycin Resistance

Vancomycin

Enterococcus

Carbon-Oxygen Ligases

Enterococcus faecium

Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Drug Resistance, Microbial

Enterococcus faecalis

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Teicoplanin

Staphylococcus aureus

Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase

Bacterial Proteins

Staphylococcal Infections

Clostridium symbiosum

Glycopeptides

Drug Resistance, Bacterial

Methicillin Resistance

Peptidoglycan

Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field

Bacteremia

Ampicillin Resistance

Drug Resistance

Conjugation, Genetic

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Oxacillin

Bambermycins

Peptide Synthases

Cell Wall

Cross Infection

Lactate Dehydrogenases

DNA, Bacterial

Staphylococcus

Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial

DNA Transposable Elements

Dipeptidases

Genes, Bacterial

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Daptomycin

Molecular Sequence Data

Oxazolidinones

Acetamides

Drug Resistance, Neoplasm

Plasmids

Penicillin-Binding Proteins

Culture Media

Drug Resistance, Multiple

Carboxypeptidases

Gene Transfer, Horizontal

Mutation

Multigene Family

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Disease Resistance

Hexosyltransferases

Streptococcus

Peptidyl Transferases

Penicillin Resistance

Vascular Resistance

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Dipeptides

Phenotype

Drug Resistance, Viral

Gentamicins

Base Sequence

Aminoglycosides

Amino Acid Sequence

Endocarditis, Bacterial

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Genotype

Evaluation Studies as Topic

Colony Count, Microbial

Clostridium difficile

Molecular Epidemiology

Anti-Infective Agents

Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous

Methicillin

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid