AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
VancomycinVancomycin ResistanceAnti-Bacterial AgentsTeicoplaninStaphylococcal InfectionsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsStaphylococcus aureusEnterococcusDaptomycinGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsOxazolidinonesAcetamidesMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusMethicillin ResistanceGlycopeptidesEnterococcus faeciumBacteremiaEnterococcus faecalisEndocarditis, BacterialCarbon-Oxygen LigasesDrug Resistance, MicrobialStaphylococcus epidermidisGentamicinsAminoglycosidesClostridium difficileEnterocolitis, PseudomembranousStaphylococcusGram-Positive BacteriaNafcillinColony Count, MicrobialCefazolinMethicillinOxacillinPenicillin ResistanceDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Therapy, CombinationPeptidoglycanPneumonia, StaphylococcalClostridium InfectionsPenicillinsCross InfectionRifampinAnti-Infective AgentsLysostaphinBacterial ProteinsCell WallGram-Positive CocciCephalosporinsMeningitis, PneumococcalCoagulaseSerum Bactericidal TestEndophthalmitisElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldMicrobial ViabilityAntibiotic ProphylaxisUridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic AcidCulture MediaMetronidazoleCeftriaxoneClindamycinNetilmicinBiofilmsDibekacinDrug SynergismStreptococcaceaeSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidaseBacitracin
Vancomycin
Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.
Vancomycin Resistance
Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of VANCOMYCIN, an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
Teicoplanin
Glycopeptide antibiotic complex from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus active against gram-positive bacteria. It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety.
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).
Staphylococcus aureus
Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.
Enterococcus
A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria consisting of organisms causing variable hemolysis that are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS, it is now recognized as a separate genus.
Daptomycin
A cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that inhibits GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA.
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.
Oxazolidinones
Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.
Acetamides
Derivatives of acetamide that are used as solvents, as mild irritants, and in organic synthesis.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of METHICILLIN. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired PENICILLIN BINDING PROTEINS.
Methicillin Resistance
Non-susceptibility of a microbe to the action of METHICILLIN, a semi-synthetic penicillin derivative.
Glycopeptides
Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.
Enterococcus faecium
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Unlike ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS, this species may produce an alpha-hemolytic reaction on blood agar and is unable to utilize pyruvic acid as an energy source.
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.
Enterococcus faecalis
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens and the human intestinal tract. Most strains are nonhemolytic.
Endocarditis, Bacterial
Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.
Carbon-Oxygen Ligases
Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-oxygen bond. EC 6.1.
Drug Resistance, Microbial
The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).
Staphylococcus epidermidis
A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS that is a spherical, non-motile, gram-positive, chemoorganotrophic, facultative anaerobe. Mainly found on the skin and mucous membrane of warm-blooded animals, it can be primary pathogen or secondary invader.
Gentamicins
A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.
Aminoglycosides
Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS.
Clostridium difficile
A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. It produces a toxin that causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis (ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS) in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.
Staphylococcus
A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.
Nafcillin
A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.
Colony Count, Microbial
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Cefazolin
A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.
Methicillin
One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.
Oxacillin
An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.
Penicillin Resistance
Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins.
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).
Drug Therapy, Combination
Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.
Peptidoglycan
Pneumonia, Staphylococcal
Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS, usually with STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM.
Penicillins
A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.
Rifampin
A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)
Anti-Infective Agents
Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.
Lysostaphin
A 25-kDa peptidase produced by Staphylococcus simulans which cleaves a glycine-glcyine bond unique to an inter-peptide cross-bridge of the STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS cell wall. EC 3.4.24.75.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Cell Wall
The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.
Gram-Positive Cocci
Coccus-shaped bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.
Cephalosporins
A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.
Meningitis, Pneumococcal
An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)
Coagulase
Enzymes that cause coagulation in plasma by forming a complex with human PROTHROMBIN. Coagulases are produced by certain STAPHYLOCOCCUS and YERSINIA PESTIS. Staphylococci produce two types of coagulase: Staphylocoagulase, a free coagulase that produces true clotting of plasma, and Staphylococcal clumping factor, a bound coagulase in the cell wall that induces clumping of cells in the presence of fibrinogen.
Serum Bactericidal Test
Method of measuring the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy. It is used to monitor the therapy in BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; OSTEOMYELITIS and other serious bacterial infections. As commonly performed, the test is a variation of the broth dilution test. This test needs to be distinguished from testing of the naturally occurring BLOOD BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY.
Endophthalmitis
Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.
Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.
Microbial Viability
Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prevent infectious complications.
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid
A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Metronidazole
A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).
Ceftriaxone
A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.
Clindamycin
An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.
Netilmicin
Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.
Biofilms
Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.
Dibekacin
Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
Drug Synergism
The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.
Streptococcaceae
A family of gram-positive non-sporing bacteria including many parasitic, pathogenic, and saprophytic forms.
Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase
A carboxypeptidase that is specific for proteins that contain two ALANINE residues on their C-terminal. Enzymes in this class play an important role in bacterial CELL WALL biosynthesis.
Bacitracin
A complex of cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by the Tracy-I strain of Bacillus subtilis. The commercial preparation is a mixture of at least nine bacitracins with bacitracin A as the major constituent. It is used topically to treat open infections such as infected eczema and infected dermal ulcers. (From Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1140)

Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Glycopeptide-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Working Group. (1/2494)

BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the glycopeptide vancomycin has been the only uniformly effective treatment for staphylococcal infections. In 1997, two infections due to S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin were identified in the United States. METHODS: We investigated the two patients with infections due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides, as defined by a minimal inhibitory concentration of vancomycin of 8 to 16 microg per milliliter. To assess the carriage and transmission of these strains of S. aureus, we cultured samples from the patients and their contacts and evaluated the isolates. RESULTS: The first patient was a 59-year-old man in Michigan with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure. Peritonitis due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides developed after 18 weeks of vancomycin treatment for recurrent methicillin-resistant S. aureus peritonitis associated with dialysis. The removal of the peritoneal catheter plus treatment with rifampin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole eradicated the infection. The second patient was a 66-year-old man with diabetes in New Jersey. A bloodstream infection due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides developed after 18 weeks of vancomycin treatment for recurrent methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia. This infection was eradicated with vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin. Both patients died. The glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus isolates differed by two bands on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. On electron microscopy, the isolates from the infected patients had thicker extracellular matrixes than control methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. No carriage was documented among 177 contacts of the two patients. CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides emphasizes the importance of the prudent use of antibiotics, the laboratory capacity to identify resistant strains, and the use of infection-control precautions to prevent transmission.  (+info)

Isolation and chemical characterization of a capsular polysaccharide antigen shared by clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. (2/2494)

Enterococci are a common cause of serious infections, especially in newborns, severely immunocompromised patients, and patients requiring intensive care. To characterize enterococcal surface antigens that are targets of opsonic antibodies, rabbits were immunized with various gentamicin-killed Enterococcus faecalis strains, and immune sera were tested in an opsonophagocytic assay against a selection of clinical isolates. Serum raised against one strain killed the homologous strain (12030) at a dilution of 1:5,120 and mediated opsonic killing of 33% of all strains tested. In addition, this serum killed two (28%) of seven vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains. Adsorption of sera with the homologous strain eliminated killing activity. The adsorbing antigens were resistant to treatment with proteinase K and to boiling for 1 h, but were susceptible to treatment with sodium periodate, indicating that the antigen inducing opsonic activity is a polysaccharide. Antibodies in immune rabbit sera reacted with a capsule-like structure visualized by electron microscopy both on the homologous E. faecalis strain and on a vancomycin-resistant E. faecium strain. The capsular polysaccharides from E. faecalis 12030 and E. faecium 838970 were purified, and chemical and structural analyses indicated they were identical glycerol teichoic acid-like molecules with a carbohydrate backbone structure of 6-alpha-D-glucose-1-2 glycerol-3-PO4 with substitution on carbon 2 of the glucose with an alpha-2-1-D-glucose residue. The purified antigen adsorbed opsonic killing activity from immune rabbit sera and elicited high titers of antibodies (when used to immunize rabbits) that both mediated opsonic killing of bacteria and bound to a capsule-like structure visualized by electron microscopy. These results indicate that approximately one-third of a sample of 15 E. faecalis strains and 7 vancomycin-resistant E. faecium strains possess shared capsular polysaccharides that are targets of opsonophagocytic antibodies and therefore are potential vaccine candidates.  (+info)

Infective endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus: 59 prospectively identified cases with follow-up. (3/2494)

Fifty-nine consecutive patients with definite Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE) by the Duke criteria were prospectively identified at our hospital over a 3-year period. Twenty-seven (45.8%) of the 59 patients had hospital-acquired S. aureus bacteremia. The presumed source of infection was an intravascular device in 50.8% of patients. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed evidence of IE in 20 patients (33.9%), whereas transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed evidence of IE in 48 patients (81.4%). The outcome for patients was strongly associated with echocardiographic findings: 13 (68.4%) of 19 patients with vegetations visualized by TTE had an embolic event or died of their infection vs. five (16.7%) of 30 patients whose vegetations were visualized only by TEE (P < .01). Most patients with S. aureus IE developed their infection as a consequence of a nosocomial or intravascular device-related infection. TEE established the diagnosis of S. aureus IE in many instances when TTE was nondiagnostic. Visualization of vegetations by TTE may provide prognostic information for patients with S. aureus IE.  (+info)

Molecular diversity and evolutionary relationships of Tn1546-like elements in enterococci from humans and animals. (4/2494)

We report on a detailed study on the molecular diversity and evolutionary relationships of Tn1546-like elements in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from humans and animals. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the VanA transposon of 97 VRE revealed seven different Tn1546 types. Subsequent sequencing of the complete VanA transposons of 13 VRE isolates representing the seven RFLP types followed by sequencing of the identified polymorphic regions in 84 other VanA transposons resulted in the identification of 22 different Tn1546 derivatives. Differences between the Tn1546 types included point mutations in orf1, vanS, vanA, vanX, and vanY. Moreover, insertions of an IS1216V-IS3-like element in orf1, of IS1251 in the vanS-vanH intergenic region, and of IS1216V in the vanX-vanY intergenic region were found. The presence of insertion sequence elements was often associated with deletions in Tn1546. Identical Tn1546 types were found among isolates from humans and farm animals in The Netherlands, suggesting the sharing of a common vancomycin resistance gene pool. Application of the genetic analysis of Tn1546 to VRE isolates causing infections in Hospitals in Oxford, United Kingdom, and Chicago, Ill., suggested the possibility of the horizontal transmission of the vancomycin resistance transposon. The genetic diversity in Tn1546 combined with epidemiological data suggest that the DNA polymorphism among Tn1546 variants can successfully be exploited for the tracing of the routes of transmission of vancomycin resistance genes.  (+info)

Synergy of an investigational glycopeptide, LY333328, with once-daily gentamicin against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a multiple-dose, in vitro pharmacodynamic model. (5/2494)

The pharmacodynamics of an investigational glycopeptide, LY333328 (LY), alone and in combination with gentamicin, against one vancomycin-susceptible and two vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains were studied with a multiple-dose, in vitro pharmacodynamic model (PDM). Dose-range data for the PDM studies were obtained from static time-kill curve studies. In PDM experiments conducted over 48 h, peak LY concentrations of 0.1x and 1x the MIC every 24 h and peak gentamicin concentrations of 18 micrograms/ml every 24 h (Gq24 h) and 6 micrograms/ml every 8 h (Gq8 h) were studied alone and in the four possible LY-gentamicin combinations. Compared to either antibiotic alone, LY-gentamicin combination regimens produced significantly higher apparent killing rates (KRs) calculated during the initial 2 h postdosing. The mean KRs for LY or gentamicin alone versus those for the LY-gentamicin combination regimens were 0.35 +/- 0.55 log10 CFU/ml/h (95% confidence interval [CI95%], 0 to 0.70) and 1.46 +/- 0.71 log10 CFU/ml/h (CI95%, 1.01 to 1.91), respectively (P < 0.0001). Bacterial killing at 48 h (BK48), which was calculated by subtracting the bacterial counts at 48 h from the initial inoculum, with a negative value indicating net growth, was also significantly greater. The mean BK48S were -0.69 +/- 0.44 log10 CFU/ml (CI95%, -0.41 to -0.97) and 3.72 +/- 2.28 log10 CFU/ml (CI95%, 2.28 to 5.17) for LY or gentamicin alone versus LY-gentamicin combination regimens, respectively (P < 0.0001). None of the 12 regimens with LY or gentamicin alone but 75% (9 of 12) of the LY-gentamicin combination regimens were bactericidal. Eighty-three percent (10 of 12) of the LY-gentamicin combination regimens also demonstrated synergy. No significant differences between the pharmacodynamics of LY-gentamicin combination regimens containing Gq24 h versus those containing Gq8h were detected.  (+info)

Evaluation of bactericidal activities of LY333328, vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin-sulbactam, trovafloxacin, and RP59500 alone or in combination with rifampin or gentamicin against different strains of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus by time-kill curve methods. (6/2494)

This in vitro study evaluated the activities of vancomycin, LY333328, and teicoplanin alone and in combination with gentamicin, rifampin, and RP59500 against Staphylococcus aureus isolates with intermediate susceptibilities to vancomycin. Ampicillin-sulbactam and trovafloxacin were also evaluated. LY333328 and ampicillin-sulbactam resulted in bactericidal activity against all isolates. The combination of gentamicin with glycopeptides showed synergistic activity, while rifampin had no added benefit.  (+info)

Changing susceptibilities of coagulase-negative staphylococci to teicoplanin in a teaching hospital. (7/2494)

The susceptibility of two collections of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from clinical specimens for teicoplanin and vancomycin were compared. They comprised 91 and 101 isolates, collected in 1985 and 1994 respectively, from different departments of a teaching hospital. MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin were determined by a modified Etest method. Additionally, a disc diffusion test was performed for teicoplanin. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (MIC < or = 4 mg/L). Two of the 91 isolates collected in 1985 were intermediate to teicoplanin (MIC between 8 and 32 mg/L), whereas in 1994 the number of intermediate isolates was 20 out of 101 (P < 0.01). The correlation between MICs, as determined by the modified Etest assay, and disc diffusion zones was poor (r = -0.35). Results show that resistance to teicoplanin in CNS has increased in the study hospital over a period of 9 years. This increase is likely to be correlated with the introduction of teicoplanin. Furthermore, a disc diffusion method does not appear to be the first method of choice for detection of strains of CNS with diminished susceptibility to teicoplanin.  (+info)

Transmission dynamics of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in England and Wales. (8/2494)

A simple epidemiological framework for the analysis of the transmission dynamics of hospital outbreaks of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals in England and Wales is presented. Epidemic strains EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 are becoming endemic in hospitals in the United Kingdom, and theory predicts that EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 will reach respective endemic levels of 158 (95% confidence interval [CI], 143-173) and 116 (95% CI, 109-123) affected hospitals with stochastic fluctuations of up to 30 hospitals in each case. An epidemic of VRE is still at an early stage, and the incidence of hospitals newly affected by VRE is growing exponentially at a rate r=0.51/year (95% CI, 0.48-0.54). The likely impact of introducing surveillance policies if action is taken sufficiently early is estimated. Finally, the role of heterogeneity in hospital size is considered: "Super-spreader hospitals" may increase transmission by 40%-132% above the expected mean.  (+info)

The effect of body mass index and creatinine clearance on serum trough concentration of vancomycin in adult patients | BMC...The effect of body mass index and creatinine clearance on serum trough concentration of vancomycin in adult patients | BMC...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of patient body mass index (BMI) and estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) on serum vancomycin concentrations to define a possible optimal dosage regimen in overweight patients based on data obtained during therapeutic drug monitoring. This retrospective study used data collected from January 2017 to January 2019. Adult patients (n = 204) received vancomycin treatment at a dose of 1000 mg every 12 h and underwent serum monitoring. Data collected included patient disease category, sex, age, height, weight, vancomycin concentrations, and serum creatinine. The CrCl values were estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. In this study, statistical comparisons were performed on the results of patients according to serum vancomycin concentration. Serum vancomycin concentration was significantly related to BMI (P | 0.001) and CrCl (P | 0.05) in adult patients. Furthermore, the trough serum vancomycin concentration showed a logarithmic correlation with BMI
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-020-05067-7/tables/2
Effects of hepatic function on vancomycin pharmacokinetics in patients with cancerEffects of hepatic function on vancomycin pharmacokinetics in patients with cancer
ABSTRACT. Vancomycin is widely used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections in neutropenic patients with cancer.. The objective of this study was to analyze liver damage effects on vancomycin pharmacokinetics and determine the necessity for liver function evaluation when selecting vancomycin dosing schedules in these patients. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using the global two-stage method. To this purpose serum vancomycin concentrations from 154 cancer patients were measured and individual vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by the Sawchuk and Zaske method. Mean and standard deviation of the vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated for various subgroups of patients classified according to the degree of liver damage. Then a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to select the best predictive models for vancomycin clearance (Clvan) and steady state distribution volume (V).. Results revealed that Clvan is not influenced by liver ...
https://www.cun.es/en/research/scientific-publications/effects-of-hepatic-function-on-vancomycin-pharmacokinetics-in-patients-with-cancer
Clinical outcomes and nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin trough concentrations during treatment of deep-seated...Clinical outcomes and nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin trough concentrations during treatment of deep-seated...
OBJECTIVE: Higher vancomycin concentrations are thought necessary for treatment of deep-seated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, yet this may result in greater risk of nephrotoxicity. We evaluated the relationship of serum vancomycin trough concentration with clinical outcomes and nephrotoxicity for patients with deep-seated MRSA infection.. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study evaluated adults with MRSA pneumonia, endocarditis or osteomyelitis who received vancomycin for , or = 5 days from June 2005 to June 2007. Patients were stratified by mean vancomycin trough level [low (, 15 mg/l), high (, or = 15 mg/l)]. Outcomes were clinical response, mortality, length of stay (LOS) and nephrotoxicity. Three definitions of nephrotoxicity were used: i) rise in serum creatinine (SCr) , or = 0.5 mg/dl; ii) 50% increase in SCr; and iii) 25% decrease in estimated creatinine clearance.. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients experiencing MRSA pneumonia (n = 28), endocarditis (n = 9), ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/read/20021290/clinical-outcomes-and-nephrotoxicity-associated-with-vancomycin-trough-concentrations-during-treatment-of-deep-seated-infections
NDC 70594-047 Vancomycin Hydrochloride Vancomycin HydrochlorideNDC 70594-047 Vancomycin Hydrochloride Vancomycin Hydrochloride
Vancomycin Hydrochloride with NDC 70594-047 is a a human prescription drug product labeled by Xellia Pharmaceuticals Usa Llc. The generic name of Vancomycin Hydrochloride is vancomycin hydrochloride.
https://ndclist.com/ndc/70594-047
Hospitalized Patients With and Without Hemodialysis Have Markedly Different Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics: A Population...Hospitalized Patients With and Without Hemodialysis Have Markedly Different Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics: A Population...
Despite being in clinical use for about 6 decades, vancomycin dosing remains perplexing and complex. A population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation approach was used to evaluate the efficiency of the current nomogram-based dosing of vancomycin. Serum vancomycin concentrations were obtained as a part of routine therapeutic drug monitoring from two 500-bed academic medical centers. A population pharmacokinetic model was first built using these therapeutic drug monitoring data. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was conducted using NONMEM (7.2 and 7.3). The forward addition-backward elimination approach was used to test the covariate effects. Appropriate numerical and visual criteria were used as model diagnostics for checking model appropriateness and model qualification. The current nomogram efficiency was evaluated by determining the percentage of subjects in the therapeutic range (10-20 mg/L). A 2-compartment model with between-subject variability on clearance (CL), central volume of ...
https://www.meta.org/papers/hospitalized-patients-with-and-without/29470227
VANCOMYCIN, 5 g Pharmacy Bulk Package U.S. Physician Prescribing Information (vancomycin hydrochloride, USP) Indications and...VANCOMYCIN, 5 g Pharmacy Bulk Package U.S. Physician Prescribing Information (vancomycin hydrochloride, USP) Indications and...
Vancomycin hydrochloride for injection, USP is indicated for the treatment of serious or severe infections caused by susceptible strains of methicillin-resistant (β-lactam-resistant) staphylococci. It is indicated for penicillin-allergic patients, for patients who cannot receive or who have failed to respond to other drugs, including the penicillins or cephalosporins, and for infections caused by vancomycin-susceptible organisms that are resistant to other antimicrobial drugs. Vancomycin hydrochloride for injection, USP is indicated for initial therapy when methicillin-resistant staphylococci are suspected, but after susceptibility data are available, therapy should be adjusted accordingly.. Vancomycin hydrochloride for injection, USP is effective in the treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis. Its effectiveness has been documented in other infections due to staphylococci, including septicemia, bone infections, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and skin structure infections. When ...
https://www.pfizermedicalinformation.nl/en-us/vancomycin-inj-2/indications-usage
VANCOMYCIN, 5 g Pharmacy Bulk Package, NOVAPLUS U.S. Physician Prescribing Information (vancomycin hydrochloride, USP)...VANCOMYCIN, 5 g Pharmacy Bulk Package, NOVAPLUS U.S. Physician Prescribing Information (vancomycin hydrochloride, USP)...
Vancomycin hydrochloride for injection is indicated for the treatment of serious or severe infections caused by susceptible strains of methicillin-resistant (β-lactam-resistant) staphylococci. It is indicated for penicillin-allergic patients, for patients who cannot receive or who have failed to respond to other drugs, including the penicillins or cephalosporins, and for infections caused by vancomycin-susceptible organisms that are resistant to other antimicrobial drugs. Vancomycin hydrochloride for injection is indicated for initial therapy when methicillin-resistant staphylococci are suspected, but after susceptibility data are available, therapy should be adjusted accordingly.. Vancomycin hydrochloride for injection is effective in the treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis. Its effectiveness has been documented in other infections due to staphylococci, including septicemia, bone infections, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and skin structure infections. When staphylococcal ...
https://www.pfizermedicalinformation.ch/en-us/vancomycin-inj-4/indications-usage
Aims Vancomycin is among the most evaluated antibiotics in neonates using | Cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cellsAims Vancomycin is among the most evaluated antibiotics in neonates using | Cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells
Aims Vancomycin is among the most evaluated antibiotics in neonates using simulation and modeling techniques. to Jaff) was examined with a noticable difference in the VPC and NPDE, nonetheless it SB-705498 must be examined and validated in neonates still. Distinctions were identified between analytical options for vancomycin also. Conclusion The need SFRP2 for analytical approaches for serum creatinine concentrations and vancomycin as predictors of vancomycin concentrations in neonates have already been confirmed. Medication dosage SB-705498 individualization of vancomycin in neonates should think about not only sufferers features and scientific conditions, however the methods utilized to measure serum creatinine and vancomycin also. and methicillin-resistant [1]. Vancomycin is certainly a big, hydrophilic molecule with poor dental absorption. Hence it is given intravenously to treat systemic infections. Vancomycin is 25C50% protein bound, mainly to albumin and IgA (protein binding changes ...
https://cp-724714.com/aims-vancomycin-is-among-the-most-evaluated-antibiotics-in-neonates-using/
Nephrotoxicity in patients with vancomycin trough concentrations of 15-20 μg/ml in a pediatric intensive care unit | Read by...Nephrotoxicity in patients with vancomycin trough concentrations of 15-20 μg/ml in a pediatric intensive care unit | Read by...
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine if a higher serum vancomycin (Vt) target trough concentration of 15-20 μg/ml or greater is associated with an increased rate of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and to determine risk factors for developing vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity.. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.. SETTING: A PICU within a freestanding tertiary care pediatric hospital.. PATIENTS: A total of 113 patients received vancomycin for at least 48 hours The high-trough cohort (H group [57 patients]) received vancomycin therapy between November 2008 and June 2009 for pneumonia, bacteremia, or meningitis that was managed by a clinical pharmacist who directed dosage adjustments driven by a novel algorithm to attain a target Vt concentration of 15-20 μg/ml or greater; the control group (C group [56 patients]) received vancomycin therapy during the preceding 10 months (between January and October 2008) for pneumonia or meningitis ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/read/23471688/nephrotoxicity-in-patients-with-vancomycin-trough-concentrations-of-15-20-%C3%AE-g-ml-in-a-pediatric-intensive-care-unit
The successful use of vancomycin-impregnated cement beads in a patient with vancomycin systemic toxicity: A case report with...The successful use of vancomycin-impregnated cement beads in a patient with vancomycin systemic toxicity: A case report with...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The successful use of vancomycin-impregnated cement beads in a patient with vancomycin systemic toxicity. T2 - A case report with review of literature. AU - Mounasamy, V.. AU - Fulco, P.. AU - Desai, P.. AU - Adelaar, R.. AU - Bearman, G.. PY - 2013/11. Y1 - 2013/11. N2 - We report the use of vancomycin laden antibiotic cement beads in a patient with calcaneal osteomyelitis who had prior acute kidney injury (AKI). The patient experienced non-oliguric renal failure after exposure to intravenous vancomycin and recovered well after antibiotic discontinuation and adequate hydration. We are not aware of any similar case report where vancomycin laden antibiotic cement has been used in a patient with AKI to vancomycin.. AB - We report the use of vancomycin laden antibiotic cement beads in a patient with calcaneal osteomyelitis who had prior acute kidney injury (AKI). The patient experienced non-oliguric renal failure after exposure to intravenous vancomycin and recovered well after ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-successful-use-of-vancomycin-impregnated-cement-beads-in-a-pa
Vancomycin dosing: Assessment of time to therapeutic concentration and predictive accuracy of pharmacokinetic modeling software...Vancomycin dosing: Assessment of time to therapeutic concentration and predictive accuracy of pharmacokinetic modeling software...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Vancomycin dosing: Assessment of time to therapeutic concentration and predictive accuracy of pharmacokinetic modeling software. AU - Nunn, Maya. AU - Corallo, Carmela. AU - Aubron, Cecile. AU - Poole, Susan Gaye. AU - Dooley, Michael Joseph. AU - Cheng, Allen. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - BACKGROUND: Therapeutic drug monitoring is usually required for safe and effective administration of vancomycin. However, dosing recommendations from published guidelines are not suitable in achieving therapeutic vancomycin concentrations in a timely manner in patients with normal renal function. AB - BACKGROUND: Therapeutic drug monitoring is usually required for safe and effective administration of vancomycin. However, dosing recommendations from published guidelines are not suitable in achieving therapeutic vancomycin concentrations in a timely manner in patients with normal renal function. UR - http://www.theannals.com/content/45/6/757.full.pdf+html. U2 - 10.1345/aph.1P634. DO - ...
https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/vancomycin-dosing-assessment-of-time-to-therapeutic-concentration
Prospective evaluation of vancomycin therapeutic usage and trough levels monitoring | The Journal of Infection in...Prospective evaluation of vancomycin therapeutic usage and trough levels monitoring | The Journal of Infection in...
Introduction: Vancomycin is the cornerstone of parenteral therapy for serious methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Optimal dosing of vancomycin is patient specific due to its narrow therapeutic window. The objective of this study is to evaluate the appropriate use of vancomycin focusing on the indication, dose, and therapeutic level monitoring.. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a 3- month period. A data collection form was used to gather information on 93 patients receiving vancomycin. Study outcomes were assessment of the appropriateness of vancomycin indication, dose, and therapeutic trough level.. Results: The use of vancomycin both empirically and after culture results was appropriate in 78.5 % of the patients. More than half of the patients (51.6 %) were given an inappropriate dose of vancomycin per actual body weight, creatinine clearance, and indication. Regarding therapeutic vancomycin monitoring, 69.0 % had ...
https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/32012127
Vancomycin use in hospitalized pediatric patients.<...Vancomycin use in hospitalized pediatric patients.<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Vancomycin use in hospitalized pediatric patients.. AU - Keyserling, Harry L.. AU - Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L.. AU - Harris, James M.. AU - Levine, Gail L.. AU - Siegel, Jane D.. AU - Stover, Beth H.. AU - Lau, Sharon A.. AU - Jarvis, William R.. PY - 2003/8. Y1 - 2003/8. N2 - OBJECTIVES: To assess vancomycin utilization at childrens hospitals, to determine risk factors for vancomycin use and length of therapy, and to facilitate adapting recommendations to optimize vancomycin prescribing practices in pediatric patients. METHODS: Two surveys were conducted at Pediatric Prevention Network hospitals. The first (Survey I) evaluated vancomycin control programs. The second (Survey II) prospectively reviewed individual patient records. Each hospital was asked to complete questionnaires on 25 consecutive patients or all patients for whom vancomycin was prescribed during a 1-month period. RESULTS: In Survey I, 55 of 65 (85%) hospitals reported their vancomycin control policies. Three ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/vancomycin-use-in-hospitalized-pediatric-patients
Vancomycin Dosage Guide | Thompson Pharmacy LTCVancomycin Dosage Guide | Thompson Pharmacy LTC
Peak and Trough Guide. 1. Peak & Trough Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic. It is a time dependent killer. The level has to stay above a minimum concentration for a length of time for the medication to be effective. Thus, Vancomycin doses should not be held while waiting for a trough level. Vancomycin peak levels are not routinely monitored, however if ordered by the MD, the peak should be drawn 1 hour after medication dose is complete. Exception - if the ordered dose of Vancomycin is 2 grams or more then obtain the peak 2 hours after the infusion is complete.. 2. Peak & Trough (cont) Collect trough immediately prior to dose Blood must NOT be drawn from the line it was infusing in Blood is drawn from a different port, it is NOT drawn from the port it was infused in Do not draw a trough level while Vancomycin is infusing Do not wait for trough results before hanging antibiotic unless a specific order to wait for result is ordered by MD Administer antibiotic at prescribed rate so levels are ...
http://thompsonpharmacyltc.com/?page_id=214
Pediatric Vancomycin Dosing: Trends over Time and the Impact of Therap by Alfred H. Balch, Jonathan E. Constance et al.Pediatric Vancomycin Dosing: Trends over Time and the Impact of Therap by Alfred H. Balch, Jonathan E. Constance et al.
Monitoring of vancomycin trough concentrations is recommended for pediatric patients in the product label and by several professional societies. However, among a network of freestanding childrens hospitals vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) practices were reported to be highly variable. In this study, we sought to evaluate whether trends in vancomycin use and TDM changed across a large healthcare delivery system in Utah and Idaho from 2006 to 2012. Children ≤18 years who received ≥2 vancomycin doses were included. Overall, vancomycin TDM was performed during 5,035 (80%) of 6,259 hospital encounters, in which 85,442 doses were administered and 7,935 concentrations were obtained. Across this time period, the median trough concentration increased from 10.9 to 13.7 µg/mL (P | .001), which temporally coincided with recommendations published by the Infectious Disease Society of America that recommend targeting higher trough concentrations. Two or more abnormally low trough concentrations were
https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/pediatrics/243/
Impact of Automatic Orders to Discontinue Vancomycin Therapy on Vancomycin Use in an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program |...Impact of Automatic Orders to Discontinue Vancomycin Therapy on Vancomycin Use in an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program |...
Impact of Automatic Orders to Discontinue Vancomycin Therapy on Vancomycin Use in an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program - Volume 28 Issue 12 - Denise M. Connor, Shawn Binkley, Neil O. Fishman, Leanne B. Gasink, Darren Linkin, Ebbing Lautenbach
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/infection-control-and-hospital-epidemiology/article/impact-of-automatic-orders-to-discontinue-vancomycin-therapy-on-vancomycin-use-in-an-antimicrobial-stewardship-program/62A61251CD9C8F306014BE9157C8DBFB
Vancomycin Study: Treatment of Catheter Related Bloodstream Infection Caused by Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus - Full Text...Vancomycin Study: Treatment of Catheter Related Bloodstream Infection Caused by Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus - Full Text...
Patients admitted into the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have an intravenous (IV) catheter (small plastic tube) placed in their vein. Very occasionally (4 times out of 100) the insertion of an intravenous catheter may cause an infection in the blood. It has been shown that the removal of the catheter and the insertion of a new one at a new site helps to get rid of this infection. Sometimes, antibiotics are also given.. Vancomycin is the antibiotic given intravenously (into the vein) to treat these catheter-related infections. At Vancouver General Hospital, some physicians may not give any vancomycin at all whereas others may treat with intravenous (IV) vancomycin for one to fourteen days.. Since there are a lack of data to support the length of IV vancomycin therapy, the investigators would like to find out if two days of IV vancomycin are as good as seven days.. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine if two days of IV vancomycin are as good as seven days for the treatment of ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00175370?cond=%22Communicable+Diseases%22&rank=26
Penicillin and vancomycin tolerance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hong Kong<...Penicillin and vancomycin tolerance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hong Kong<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Penicillin and vancomycin tolerance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hong Kong. AU - Boost, M. V.. AU - Ko, W. M.. AU - ODonoghue, Margaret May. PY - 2003/12/1. Y1 - 2003/12/1. N2 - Objective. To determine the prevalence of penicillin and vancomycin tolerance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Design. Laboratory testing of 50 consecutive clinical isolates. Setting. District hospital, Hong Kong. Patients. Fifty patients with pneumonia or meningitis who were admitted to a district hospital in Hong Kong between August and October 2002. Main outcome measures. Lysis, as assessed by loss of optical density at 4 hours at 540 nm, and reduction in viable count expressed as the log of the number killed (log kill) after exposure of cultures to 10 times the minimum inhibitory concentration of penicillin and vancomycin. Results. Of the 50 isolates, five (10%) were tolerant to penicillin and one (2%) was tolerant to vancomycin. Conclusion. This is the ...
https://research.polyu.edu.hk/en/publications/penicillin-and-vancomycin-tolerance-among-clinical-isolates-of-st
Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill obese patients - HealthManagement.orgVancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill obese patients - HealthManagement.org
Limited data are available assessing vancomycin concentrations in obese critically ill patients. Several physiologic changes in obesity affect antimicrobial pharmacokinetics. For example, the volume of distribution in obese patients is greater due to incr
https://healthmanagement.org/c/icu/news/vancomycin-pharmacokinetics-in-critically-ill-obese-patients
The influence of vancomycin on extracellular matrix and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human articular chondrocytes<...The influence of vancomycin on extracellular matrix and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human articular chondrocytes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The influence of vancomycin on extracellular matrix and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human articular chondrocytes. AU - Chen, Yi Ru. AU - Chang, Jui Hung. AU - Yang, Kai Chiang. AU - Lu, Hsein Kun. AU - Senatov, Fedor Svyatoslavovich. AU - Wu, Chang Chin. AU - Tsai, Mong Hsun. N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology ( MOST103-2221-E-038-023 ) and En Chu Kong Hospital ( ECK10506 ).. PY - 2018. Y1 - 2018. N2 - Intravenous infusion or intra-articular administration of vancomycin is widely used to treat septic arthritis. However, the cytotoxic effects of vancomycin at cellular and molecular levels have yet to be fully elucidated in chondrocytes. Primary human chondrocytes were cultured in media supplemented with vancomycin at a series of concentrations (0, 100, 500, 1000, and 5000μg/mL) to study the dose-dependent toxicity. Since inflammatory chondrocytes are more catabolic than normal cells, the influence ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-influence-of-vancomycin-on-extracellular-matrix-and-pro-infla
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus - WikipediaVancomycin-resistant Enterococcus - Wikipedia
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), are bacterial strains of the genus Enterococcus that are resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin. Six different types of vancomycin resistance are shown by enterococcus: Van-A, Van-B, Van-C, Van-D, Van-E and Van-G. The significance is that Van-A VRE is resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin, Van-B VRE is resistant to vancomycin but susceptible to teicoplanin, and Van-C is only partly resistant to vancomycin The mechanism of resistance to vancomycin found in enterococcus involves the alteration of the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway. The D-alanyl-D-lactate variation results in the loss of one hydrogen-bonding interaction (four, as opposed to five for D-alanyl-D-alanine) being possible between vancomycin and the peptide. The D-alanyl-D-serine variation causes a six-fold loss of affinity between vancomycin and the peptide, likely due to steric hindrance. Once the individual has VRE, it is important to ascertain which ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin-resistant_Enterococcus
Recent progress in the medicinal chemistry of vancomycin<...Recent progress in the medicinal chemistry of vancomycin<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Recent progress in the medicinal chemistry of vancomycin. AU - Arimoto, Hirokazu. PY - 2010/5/1. Y1 - 2010/5/1. N2 - The increasing incidence of vancomycin resistance in clinical settings has prompted research into new antibiotics against vancomycin-resistant strains. Recent efforts toward the development of novel glycopeptide antibiotics including our works are reviewed. Introduction of a carbon substituent at the amino acid residue 2 of vancomycin by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction led to an enhancement of antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). The potent activities of Van-M-02 against the Gram-positive bacteria including vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and VRSA are also described, and its mode of action was investigated with an assay system employing cell-membrane fraction of S.aureus as a crude enzyme mixture.. AB - The increasing incidence of vancomycin resistance in clinical settings has prompted research into new ...
https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/recent-progress-in-the-medicinal-chemistry-of-vancomycin
Frontiers | Decreased Vancomycin MICs among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates at a Chinese Tertiary...Frontiers | Decreased Vancomycin MICs among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates at a Chinese Tertiary...
The increased vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration values (MICs) for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates are associated with treatment failure and mortality of MRSA infections. In the present study, 553 non-duplicate MRSA isolates from various specimens of patients with infections at a Chinese tertiary hospital from January 2003 to December 2014, were selected randomly for investigating the shift of vancomycin MICs determined by E-test method. The percentages of the MRSA isolates with vancomycin MICs of ≥ 2.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L and ≤0.75 mg/L were 16.3% (90/553), 38.5% (213/553), 35.6% (197/553) and 9.9% (55/553), respectively. The highest geometric mean MIC (GM MIC) value (1.648 mg/L) and the lowest GM MIC (0.960 mg/L) were found in the first year (2003) and the last year (2014) over the study period, with significant difference (p
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01714/full
Vancomycin Alphapharm (vancomycin hydrochloride) Drug / Medicine InformationVancomycin Alphapharm (vancomycin hydrochloride) Drug / Medicine Information
Consumer Medicine Information (CMI) about Vancomycin Alphapharm (vancomycin hydrochloride) intended for persons living in Australia.
https://www.news-medical.net/drugs/Vancomycin-Alphapharm.aspx
Study of Obese Patients Comparing Two Vancomycin Loading Dose Regimens - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govStudy of Obese Patients Comparing Two Vancomycin Loading Dose Regimens - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Obesity alters the movement through the body of several antibiotics, including vancomycin. Based on literature to date, total body weight should be used to determine dosages and shorter dosing intervals may be needed. However, hospitals have different approaches to managing vancomycin in this patient population. The most common example is not exceeding a dose of 2,000mg of vancomycin at one time in these patients. However, some institutions including the Charleston Area Medical Center do not have a set maximum one time dose. To date, a study has not been done comparing two different dosing regimens in obese patients to determine if having a maximum dose cap is beneficial.. This research study is attempting to add to the limited existing body of literature regarding vancomycin dosing in obese patients. The investigators hypothesize that optimizing the initial or loading vancomycin dose that obese patients receive will decrease the time to target concentrations. For this study, obese adult ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02764359?term=VANCOMYCIN&rank=23
Vancomycin incorporated collagen hydrogel implant for the prevention of ocular infections | IOVS | ARVO JournalsVancomycin incorporated collagen hydrogel implant for the prevention of ocular infections | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Purpose: To develop a sustained delivery system to improve the release kinetics of vancomycin as well as its therapeutic effectiveness to prevent postoperative corneal infection.. Methods: Vancomycin was incorporated into an engineered collagen hydrogel (10 and 15 wt%) scaffold through N-ethyl-N-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide/N-hydroxy succinimide (EDC/NHS) crosslinking technique. Vancomycin incorporation into the collagen hydrogel was examined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and quantified spectrophotometrically after collagen digestion with collagenase. Mechanical stability of hydrogel was measured by Instron instrument. In vitro release profile of vancomycin was measured in PBS at 37°C. Structural integrity of released vancomycin was assessed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of control and released vancomycin against S.aureus (SA) was determined by inoculating with bacterial suspension (106 colony-forming unit/ml). ...
http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2334054
DosOpt : Bayesian in-treatment vancomycin dose adjustment of neonatesDosOpt : Bayesian in-treatment vancomycin dose adjustment of neonates
1] Allegaert K, Anderson BJ, van den Anker JN, Vanhaesebrouck S, de Zegher F. Renal drug clearance in preterm neonates: relation to prenatal growth. Ther Drug Monit. 2007 Jun;29(3):284???91. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0b013e31806db3f5 [2] Anderson BJ, Allegaert K, Van den Anker JN, Cossey V, Holford NHG. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in preterm neonates and the prediction of adult clearance. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Jan;63(1):75???84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02725.x [3] Bhongsatiern J, Stockmann C, Roberts JK, Yu T, Korgenski KE, Spigarelli MG, et al. Evaluation of Vancomycin Use in Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis Using the Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve to the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ,400 Target. Ther Drug Monit. 2015 Dec;37(6):756-65. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000216. [4] De Cock RFW, Allegaert K, Sherwin CMT, Nielsen EI, de Hoog M, van den Anker JN, et al. A neonatal amikacin covariate model can be used to predict ontogeny of other drugs eliminated through glomerular filtration in ...
https://biit.cs.ut.ee/DosOpt/
Effects of prolonged vancomycin administration on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a patient with...Effects of prolonged vancomycin administration on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a patient with...
Despite the lack of development of detectable resistance, MRSA exposed to vancomycin for prolonged periods may begin to develop vancomycin tolerance and decreased autolysis. In addition, suppression of agr function appears to end after vancomycin is stopped. Whether these changes are prerequisites f …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16464892/?dopt=Abstract
In vivo activities of ceftriaxone and vancomycin - LymeNet EuropeIn vivo activities of ceftriaxone and vancomycin - LymeNet Europe
Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, and B. turicatae, a neurotropic agent of relapsing fever, are susceptible to vancomycin in vitro, with an MIC of 0.5 microgram/ml. To determine the activity of vancomycin in vivo, particularly in the brain, we infected adult immunocompetent BALB/c and immunodeficient CB-17 scid mice with B. burgdorferi or B. turicatae. The mice were then treated with vancomycin, ceftriaxone as a positive control, or normal saline as a negative control. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by cultures of blood and brain and other tissues. Ceftriaxone at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight administered every 12 h for 7 to 10 days eliminated cultivable B. burgdorferi or B. turicatae from all BALB/c or scid mice in the study. Vancomycin at 30 mg/kg administered every 12 h was effective in eliminating infection from immunodeficient mice if treatment was started within 3 days of the onset of infection. If treatment with vancomycin was delayed for 7 days or more, ...
https://lymeneteurope.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=2536&p=18484
Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococci | Clinical Microbiology ReviewsVancomycin Resistance in Staphylococci | Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Laboratory Detection of Vancomycin ResistanceVancomycin resistance can be difficult to detect in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Disk diffusion sensitivity testing using the standard 30-μg vancomycin disk frequently misclassifies intermediately susceptible isolates as fully susceptible (70). In a recent study, 75% of microbiology laboratories from around the world misreported a glycopeptide-intermediate strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis as susceptible based on the results of disk diffusion testing (71).. Automated testing methods like MicroScan rapid panels (Dade Behring) and Vitek (version 7.07; bioMerieux) also have pitfalls. While conventional MicroScan panels performed well in detecting reduced susceptibilities to vancomycin, the rapid panels are less reliable as they do not allow for the recommended 24-h incubation (14, 70). Prior to 1999, Vitek software was not programmed to report vancomycin MICs above 4 μg/ml and would thus report the MICs of intermediately susceptible or ...
https://cmr.asm.org/content/15/3/430?ijkey=2ca47bad61d81d4b2a63b480070b2b432ade1a3e&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Effect of Vancomycin on the Growth of Psittacosis-Trachoma Agents Cultivated in Eggs and Cell Culture | Applied and...Effect of Vancomycin on the Growth of Psittacosis-Trachoma Agents Cultivated in Eggs and Cell Culture | Applied and...
The antibiotic vancomycin was effective in preventing bacterial contamination during studies with psittacosis and trachoma (PT) agents. This antibiotic was not toxic to chick embryos at 80 mg per egg, or to HeLa 229 cells cultivated in a medium containing 3,200 μg/ml of vancomycin; however, it was toxic to LLC-MK2 cells at a concentration of 1,600 μg/ml. Vancomycin did not affect the growth of a variety of PT agents at a concentration of 2 mg per egg or 800 μg per ml of cell culture medium, but it did inhibit the growth of common gram-positive bacterial air contaminants. ...
https://aem.asm.org/content/15/1/10
Summary of Consensus Recommendations for Vancomycin Monitoring in AdultsSummary of Consensus Recommendations for Vancomycin Monitoring in Adults
A recent article in November 2009 issue Pharmacotherapy summarizes the recommendations from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infections Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists on the monitoring of vancomycin in adults.. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists published a consensus statement on therapeutic monitoring of serum vancomycin levels in adults. These organizations established an expert panel to review the scientific data and controversies associated with vancomycin monitoring and to make recommendations based on the available evidence. As the members of this panel, we summarize the conclusions and highlight the recommendations from the consensus statement. We determined that the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC):minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio is the most useful pharmacodynamic parameter to ...
https://blog.applecorelabs.com/2009/11/01/summary-of-consensus-recommendations-for-vancomycin-monitoring-in-adults/
Sambo MedicalSambo Medical
Vancomycin Assay. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that blocks the cell wall synthesis of bacteria. The MicroGram Vancomycin Assay Kit is designed for measurement of low micrograms of vancomycin. The assay is based on increase of fluorescence at 470 nm of the assay reagent in the presence of. vancomycin. The assay kit can be used for measurement of vancomycin concentrations in drug discovery,. drug development and pharmaceutical samples. The assay is not compatible with biological samples. containing amino acids or other molecules or buffers with amines.. ...
http://www.sambomed.co.kr/renewal/bbs/board.php?bo_table=products&wr_id=2197
Wound Infection Staphylococcal : Linezolid Vs. Vancomycin Hydrochloride Drugs - DrugInformerWound Infection Staphylococcal : Linezolid Vs. Vancomycin Hydrochloride Drugs - DrugInformer
Information on drugs commonly used to treat wound infection staphylococcal : linezolid vs. vancomycin hydrochloride. Compare user review scores, and side effect occurrence rates for similar drugs side-by-side.
https://druginformer.com/search/browse_condition/wound+infection+staphylococcal
Vancomycin Hydrochloride 10g | SteriMax Inc.Vancomycin Hydrochloride 10g | SteriMax Inc.
Vancomycin Hydrochloride for Injection, USP is indicated in the therapy of severe or life threatening staphylococcal infections in patients who cannot receive or have failed to respond to the penicillins or cephalosporins.
http://sterimaxinc.com/products/injectables/vancomycin-hydrochloride/vancomycin-hydrochloride-10g/
Topic: Online Pharmacies Vancomycin Order, Vancomycin weight lossTopic: Online Pharmacies Vancomycin Order, Vancomycin weight loss
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What are the side effects of vancomycin hydrochloride? | Antibiotic - SharecareWhat are the side effects of vancomycin hydrochloride? | Antibiotic - Sharecare
Common side effects of vancomycin hydrochloride may include nausea, dizziness, back pain, and muscle pain. Other, more serious side effects may includ
https://www.sharecare.com/health/antibiotic/what-side-effects-vancomycin-hydrochloride
Varicophlebitis : Vancomycin Hydrochloride Vs. Valdecoxib Drugs - DrugInformerVaricophlebitis : Vancomycin Hydrochloride Vs. Valdecoxib Drugs - DrugInformer
Information on drugs commonly used to treat varicophlebitis : vancomycin hydrochloride vs. valdecoxib. Compare user review scores, and side effect occurrence rates for similar drugs side-by-side.
https://druginformer.com/search/browse_condition/varicophlebitis
HIGHLY BIOACTIVE ULTRA SMALL VANCOMYCIN DOPED SILVER NANOPARTICLES GROWN BY SOL-GEL METHOD | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF...HIGHLY BIOACTIVE ULTRA SMALL VANCOMYCIN DOPED SILVER NANOPARTICLES GROWN BY SOL-GEL METHOD | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF...
The MIC of pure Vancomycin, AgNPs and Vancomycin doped AgNPs for these bacteria was calculated as the lowest concentration at which bacteria growth was inhibited. The MIC of pure vancomycin for gram-negative strains was ≥3.2 µg/ml. When pure AgNPs were employed, the MIC was 0.176 µg/ml, 0.187 µg/ml & 0.042 µg/ml. Furthermore, when NPs are used as a doping agent in combination with vancomycin, drug, MIC values decreased drastically.. In this condition, the MIC were 0.007 µg/ml, 0.063 µg/ml & 0.0290 µg/ml. The MIC corresponded to the MBC in all bacterial species. The results are shown in Table 2. The research reported that AgNPs with larger surface areas provide a better contact with microorganisms 40. Thus, these particles may penetrate the bacterial cell membrane or attach to the bacterial surface and inhibit their replication 41-42. In our experiment, Ag NPs have been found to be most effective against Enterococcus faecalis.. It has been reported that antibacterial efficiency is ...
https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/highly-bioactive-ultra-small-vancomycin-doped-silver-nanoparticles-grown-by-sol-gel-method/?view=fulltext
Influence of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration on the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus...Influence of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration on the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus...
Mortality associated with MRSA bacteremia was significantly higher when the empirical antibiotic was inappropriate and when vancomycin was empirically used for treatment of infection with strains with a high vancomycin MIC (|1 microg/mL).
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18171250/?dopt=Abstract
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Vancomycin Calculator Update - End of Infusion Peak (EoIP) - ClinCalc.comVancomycin Calculator Update - End of Infusion Peak (EoIP) - ClinCalc.com
Interestingly, we have been unable to find a textbook or reference that properly accounts for drug elimination during the infusion period. Popular textbooks like Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Bauer), Basic Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Winter), Applied Pharmacokinetics (Evans), Applied Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics (Shargel), and Handbook of Basic Pharmacokinetics (Ritschel) just dont address this phenomenon.. Why wouldnt these textbooks address elimination during infusion? The most likely reason is that vancomycin is doses very differently today than a decade or two ago. Historically, vancomycin doses and dosing frequencies were much lower. With the ASHP/IDSA/SIDP vancomycin recommendations targeting trough levels of 15-20 mcg/mL and the obesity epidemic, were giving larger doses more frequently than ever before.. Because of these larger doses, drug elimination during the infusion actually matters. With lower doses or less frequent administration, accounting for drug elimination ...
https://clincalc.com/blog/2015/06/vancomycin-calculator-eoip/?replytocom=446
Sabinet | Detection of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in a South African teaching hospitalSabinet | Detection of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in a South African teaching hospital
Fifty-six methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates were collected over a two-month period from a large teaching hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. Isolates were subjected to screening and confirmatory testing for vancomycin hetero-resistance. Thirty-three isolates were identified with the macro-method Etest as possibly being hetero-resistant to vancomycin. Twenty randomly selected hetero-resistant isolates were subjected to population analysis profile, area under the curve ratio methodology, of which 18 were confirmed to be vancomycin hetero-resistant. As a screening test, the macro-method Etest thus exhibited high sensitivity and specificity, for detecting hetero-resistant S. aureus at this institution.
http://journals.co.za/content/mp_sajei/20/4/EJC80721
Investigating the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Liposomal Vancomycin in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria- A Preliminary...Investigating the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Liposomal Vancomycin in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria- A Preliminary...
Outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is a permeability barrier to many antibacterial agents, including the glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin hydrochloride and as a result these antibiotics are ineffective against Gram negative bacteria. Different strategies have been described to overcome such limitation, including application of nanoparticles, as was shown in our previous studies for polymeric nanoparticles. On the other hand, some nanoparticles have the ability to reduce the permeation of drugs through biological barriers. Therefore, in this investigation, the effects of fusogenic liposomes, which are expected to interact well with biological barriers, toward antimicrobial effects of vancomycin in different bacteria, are investigated. Vancomycin-loaded liposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration method from a phospholipid mixture composed of either DPPC: DOPE: Chol or DPPC: DOPE: CHEMS, both in 1: 0.5: 1 molar ratios. Obtained liposomes were then assessed in regard to their
http://www.ijps.ir/article_35924.html
Index Catalog // HiveIndex Catalog // Hive
Current treatments for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections require intravenously delivered vancomycin; however, systemically delivered vancomycin has its problems. To determine the feasibility and safety of locally delivering vancomycin hydrochloride (~25 mg/Kg) to the medullary canal of long bones, we conducted a pharmacokinetics study using a rat tibia model. We found that administering the vancomycin intraosseously resulted in very low concentrations of vancomycin in the blood plasma and the muscle surrounding the tibia, reducing the risk for systemic toxicity, which is often seen with traditional intravenous administration of vancomycin. Additionally, we were able to inhibit the development of osteomyelitis in the tibia if the treatment was administered locally at the same time as a bacterial inoculum (i.e., Log10 7.82 CFU/mL or 6.62x107 CFU/mL), when compared to an untreated group. These findings suggest that local intramedullary vancomycin delivery can achieve ...
https://hive.utah.edu/catalog?f%5Bkeyword_sim%5D%5B%5D=systematic+toxicity&locale=en
Index Catalog // HiveIndex Catalog // Hive
Current treatments for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections require intravenously delivered vancomycin; however, systemically delivered vancomycin has its problems. To determine the feasibility and safety of locally delivering vancomycin hydrochloride (~25 mg/Kg) to the medullary canal of long bones, we conducted a pharmacokinetics study using a rat tibia model. We found that administering the vancomycin intraosseously resulted in very low concentrations of vancomycin in the blood plasma and the muscle surrounding the tibia, reducing the risk for systemic toxicity, which is often seen with traditional intravenous administration of vancomycin. Additionally, we were able to inhibit the development of osteomyelitis in the tibia if the treatment was administered locally at the same time as a bacterial inoculum (i.e., Log10 7.82 CFU/mL or 6.62x107 CFU/mL), when compared to an untreated group. These findings suggest that local intramedullary vancomycin delivery can achieve ...
https://hive.utah.edu/catalog?f%5Bcontributor_sim%5D%5B%5D=Burr%2C+Michael&f%5Bcontributor_sim%5D%5B%5D=Agarwal%2C+Jay&locale=en&per_page=20&sort=score+desc%2C+system_create_dtsi+desc&view=list
Rapid Detection of Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Based on Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption...Rapid Detection of Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Based on Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption...
Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) is an emerging superbug with implicit drug resistance to vancomycin. Detecting hVISA can guide the correct administration of antibiotics. However, hVISA cannot be detected in most clinical microbiology laboratories because the required diagnostic tools are either expensive, time consuming, or labor intensive. By contrast, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) is a cost-effective and rapid tool that has potential for providing antibiotics resistance information. To analyze complex MALDI-TOF mass spectra, machine learning (ML) algorithms can be used to generate robust hVISA detection models. In this study, MALDI-TOF mass spectra were obtained from 35 hVISA/vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and 90 vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus isolates. The vancomycin susceptibility of the isolates was determined using an Etest and modified population analysis profile-area under the curve. ML algorithms, namely a
https://yjtseng.info/publication/visa/
Effect of Pharmacists Interventions on the Appropriateness of Empiric Vancomycin Therapy in Oncology Patients with Febrile...Effect of Pharmacists Interventions on the Appropriateness of Empiric Vancomycin Therapy in Oncology Patients with Febrile...
The purpose of this observational study is to evaluate the effect of an active pharmacy intervention to facilitate timely discontinuation of empiric vancomycin therapy in oncology patients with febrile neutropenia who lack objective evidence of a Gram-positive infection. This was a two-phase study. Vancomycin use was evaluated retrospectively on all oncology patients with febrile neutropenia over four weeks (phase I). In a parallel four weeks a year later, vancomycin use in this patient population was evaluated prospectively (phase II). In the absence of evidence of Gram-positive infection after 72 hours of treatment initiation, the team was contacted by a pharmacist to encourage discontinuation. Usage was compared between both phases. Forty-three patients in phase I and 25 patients in phase II were treated with vancomycin with no evidence for Gram-positive infections. Pharmacists interventions were documented on 18 patients in phase II. Of these, 56% of interventions to discontinue vancomycin ...
https://jkaumedsci.org.sa/index.php/jkaumedsci/article/view/769
Education to improve vancomycin use: the perspectives of educators and education recipients<...Education to improve vancomycin use: the perspectives of educators and education recipients<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Education to improve vancomycin use. T2 - the perspectives of educators and education recipients. AU - Van Dort, Bethany A.. AU - Baysari, Melissa T.. AU - Carland, Jane E.. AU - Stocker, Sophie L.. AU - Braithwaite, Hannah E.. AU - Fernon, Anna R.. AU - Day, Richard O.. PY - 2020/5/1. Y1 - 2020/5/1. N2 - Background: Vancomycin is the primary treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Hospital audits have showed that dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring practices for vancomycin are suboptimal. Limited studies have examined the current educational resources used to support vancomycin use. Aims: To explore and compare the perceptions of health educators and recipients of education on the methods currently used to educate health professionals about vancomycin and to identify ideal methods of education. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with health educators around Australia and with recipients of education (doctors and nurses). Interview ...
https://researchers.mq.edu.au/en/publications/education-to-improve-vancomycin-use-the-perspectives-of-educators
The Addition of Intravenous Metronidazole to Oral Vancomycin is …The Addition of Intravenous Metronidazole to Oral Vancomycin is …
The Addition of Intravenous Metronidazole to Oral Vancomycin is Associated with Improved Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Clostridium difficile Infection.. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 May 29;. Authors: Rokas KE, Johnson JW, Beardsley JR, Ohl CA, Luther VP, Williamson JC. Abstract. BACKGROUND: The optimal therapy conducive to critically ill patients with Clostridium difficile pollution (CDI) is not known. We aimed to evaluate frequency of death among critically ill patients with CDI who believed oral vancomycin (monotherapy) versus oral vancomycin with intravenous (IV) metronidazole (combination therapy).. METHODS: A ~ out-center, retrospective, observational, comparative study was performed. Patients through a positive C. difficile assay who admitted oral vancomycin while bedded in some intensive care unit (ICU) between June 2007 and September 2012 were evaluated. Patients junction ≥3 of the following criteria were included: albumin ,2.5g/dL, passion rate ,90bpm, mean arterial constraining ...
http://www.metronidazole.org/2015/06/the-addition-of-intravenous-metronidazole-to-oral-vancomycin-is.html
Molecular basis for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium BM4147: biosynthesis of a depsipeptide peptidoglycan...Molecular basis for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium BM4147: biosynthesis of a depsipeptide peptidoglycan...
Molecular basis for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium BM4147: biosynthesis of a depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursor by vancomycin resistance proteins VanH and VanA Academic Article ...
https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/publication196493
Vancomycin: A History : Clinical Infectious Diseases - oiVancomycin: A History : Clinical Infectious Diseases - oi
Vancomycin became available for clinical use ,50 years ago but was soon discarded in favor of other antibiotics that were deemed to be more efficacious and less toxic. The advent of pseudomembranous enterocolitis, coupled with the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, led to a resurgence in the use of vancomycin. Almost immediately, concerns arose with regard to its therapeutic utility. In addition, resistance to vancomycin developed, first in enterococci and later in staphylococci. Several types of resistance have now been identified, each with a unique effect on infections treated with vancomycin. Recent studies have rekindled interest in the best way to administer the antibiotic. The findings of future studies may result in a return to measuring levels of vancomycin in serum, to assure a successful therapeutic outcome.. ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1086/491709
VANCOMYCIN-INDUCED DRESS SYNDROME MASQUERADING AS RED MAN SYNDROME | Semantic ScholarVANCOMYCIN-INDUCED DRESS SYNDROME MASQUERADING AS RED MAN SYNDROME | Semantic Scholar
Introduction DRESS (drug reaction and eosinophilia with systemic symptoms) syndrome is a severe drug-induced reaction most typically characterized by fevers, lymphadenopathy, transaminitis, kidney injury, and/or rash. We present a case of DRESS syndrome after vancomycin administration masquerading as Red Man syndrome. Case Description A 63-year old woman with history of Rheumatoid arthritis, hyperlipidemia, and recent right foot osteomyelitis presented to our hospital with fever, malaise, and a diffuse macular, erythematous, blanching rash which started after receiving vancomycin. She had been receiving vancomycin for 4 weeks at the time of presentation for her osteomyelitis. Her symptoms were initially attributed to Red Man Syndrome secondary to rapid infusion of vancomycin, and she was treated with antihistamines with immediate resolution of her rash. The next day, she was noted to have recurrent fevers, worsening rash, transaminitis, and significant eosinophilia. The RegiSCAR (European Registry of
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/VANCOMYCIN-INDUCED-DRESS-SYNDROME-MASQUERADING-AS-Zafar-Pal/d887b25a34d8892760fa9b5a11c69bcc5c82dc0a
A Systematic Review of Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring in Burn Patien by Breanna L. Carter, Kendra M. Damer et al.A Systematic Review of Vancomycin Dosing and Monitoring in Burn Patien by Breanna L. Carter, Kendra M. Damer et al.
Vancomycin pharmacokinetics are significantly altered following burn injury, requiring a higher total daily dose to achieve adequate serum concentrations. Wide interpatient variability necessitates close, frequent monitoring of serum concentrations for efficacy and safety. The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate published data regarding vancomycin pharmacokinetic alterations in burn patients, to determine whether evidence-based recommendations for dosing and monitoring can be formulated, and to identify future research opportunities. The systematic review included studies published in English, involved human subjects with at least a 10% TBSA burn who received vancomycin intravenously, and obtained serum concentration(s). Database searches returned 130 titles for review. Twelve studies met a priori inclusion criteria. The most common dosing regimens in adult and pediatric patients were 5 to 20 mg/kg/dose every 6 to 8 hours. Mean trough concentrations were 7.24 ± 1.5 mg/L. Only 12.5% of
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cophs_papers/228/
O-13 Factors impacting unbound vancomycin concentrations in neonates and young infants | Archives of Disease in ChildhoodO-13 Factors impacting unbound vancomycin concentrations in neonates and young infants | Archives of Disease in Childhood
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
http://adc.bmj.com/content/102/10/A6.1.share
Detection of high levels of resistance to linezolid and vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus | Microbiology SocietyDetection of high levels of resistance to linezolid and vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus | Microbiology Society
Both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) are rapidly overcoming the current array of drugs. One hundred and fifty isolates from a hospital were studied for resistance towards linezolid and vancomycin. Fifty-four (36.0 %) isolates were MRSA. Both MRSA and MSSA showed high resistance towards linezolid when using the disc diffusion method, with the figures being 48.1 and 29.2 %, respectively. The figures for the E-test were 46.3 and 27.0 %, respectively. The vancomycin resistance was remarkable in MRSA (14.8 %), but relatively low in MSSA (3.1 %). The E-test results were 13.0 and 4.16 %, respectively. The cfr gene was detected in 78 % of linezolid-resistant isolates and the vanA operon was detected in 74 % of vancomycin-resistant isolates. This level of resistance against linezolid and vancomycin is unprecedented. These results are alarming and highlight the threat of non-treatable S. aureus strains.
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.000566
Pharmacy | Free Full-Text | Antimicrobial Renal Injury in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: β-Lactams vs. VancomycinPharmacy | Free Full-Text | Antimicrobial Renal Injury in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: β-Lactams vs. Vancomycin
Vancomycin trough (Vt) concentrations of 15-20 mcg/mL have been associated with an increased rate of renal injury in adults. Current data in pediatrics suggests Vts of 15-20 mcg/mL do not increase the risk of renal injury in children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The primary objective was to determine if a difference exists in the incidence of renal injury in PICU patients receiving a β-lactam as compared with vancomycin therapy with Vts of 15-20 mcg/mL. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted within a PICU within a freestanding tertiary care pediatric hospital. The records of children admitted to the PICU between 10/2008-6/2009 who received vancomycin for ≥48 h targeting higher Vt concentrations of ≥15 mcg/mL for pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis were reviewed. This cohort (V group) was compared to children admitted from July 2009-July 2013 who received cefepime or piperacillin/tazobactam for ≥72 h (B group). Serum creatinine values were collected from 48 h
http://www.mdpi.com/2226-4787/2/4/276
Vancomycin-Induced Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome Masquerading as Elusive SepsisVancomycin-Induced Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome Masquerading as Elusive Sepsis
We present a unique case of vancomycin-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome masquerading as elusive endocarditis. A 37-year-old female actively using intravenous drugs presented with worsening right upper extremity pain, fever, and chills. Workup revealed methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia and multiple right-sided septic pulmonary emboli. Echocardiogram was negative for vegetation. Vancomycin was initiated for bacteremia management suspected secondary to right upper extremity abscesses. However, despite resolution of abscesses, fevers persisted, raising suspicion for endocarditis not detected by echocardiogram. On hospital day 25, the patient began showing signs of DRESS syndrome, ultimately manifesting as transaminitis, eosinophilia, and a diffuse, maculopapular rash. Vancomycin was switched to Linezolid and she improved on high dose steroids. The persistent fevers throughout this hospital course were thought to be an elusive
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crii/2019/1625010/
Conformational changes of peptidoglycan fragments during their interactions with vancomycin - Open Chemistry - Volume 9, Issue...Conformational changes of peptidoglycan fragments during their interactions with vancomycin - Open Chemistry - Volume 9, Issue...
Six complexes of vancomycin and peptidoglycan precursors were studied via molecular dynamics simulations. The interactions between the antibiotic and peptidoglycan fragments were identified and described in detail. All six studied modifications of the peptidoglycan precursor resulted in a weakening of the interaction with vancomycin when comparing to the native D-Ala-D-Ala-terminated fragment. It was confirmed that the N-terminus of the vancomycin is directly responsible for peptidoglycan recognition and antimicrobial activity. In simulated systems, the saccharide part of the antibiotic interacts with peptide precursors, thus it could also be important for antimicrobial activity. The complex terminated with D-Lac is the only one in which there is a weak interaction with the sugar moiety in the simulated systems. Analysis of conformational changes is a major scope of this work. The lack of interactions resulting from modification of the peptidoglycan precursors (D-Lac, D-Ser or other ...
http://psjd.icm.edu.pl/psjd/element/bwmeta1.element.-psjd-doi-10_2478_s11532-011-0015-9?q=bwmeta1.element.publisherId-chem-year-2011-volume-9-issue-3
The antibacterial activity of vancomycin towards Staphylococcus aureus under aerobic and anaerobic conditions -ORCAThe antibacterial activity of vancomycin towards Staphylococcus aureus under aerobic and anaerobic conditions -ORCA
Aims: To investigate the antibacterial efficacy of vancomycin towards Staphylococcus aureus under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and to assess the influence of oxygen on the duration of the post-antibiotic effect (PAE) after exposure to vancomycin. Methods and Results: Culture-based techniques and flow cytometric measurements of 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (an indicator of redox activity) and the membrane potential-sensitive fluorophore Sytox Green, were used to test four staphylococcal strains. The MICs for all strains, and the duration of PAE, were similar whether tested with or without oxygen. However, a fivefold logarithmic reduction in cell counts was observed in 10-15 h aerobically, depending on strain, compared with longer than 60 h in an anaerobic environment. Flow cytometric data correlated well with counts of colony-forming units under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Conclusions: The death rate of Staph. aureus exposed to vancomycin was greater in the presence of ...
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/62689/
In Vitro Activities of Mupirocin, Tigecycline, Ceftaroline, Vancomycin, Linezolid and Daptomycin in Clinical Isolates...In Vitro Activities of Mupirocin, Tigecycline, Ceftaroline, Vancomycin, Linezolid and Daptomycin in Clinical Isolates...
Introduction: In 2013, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) designated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a serious threat. In addition to its intrinsic virulence, MRSA has become resistant to numerous antibacterial agents. In many instances, mupirocin is used empirically to decolonize patients harboring MRSA to decrease the possibility of progression to disease. In vitro susceptibility information is critical to identify patients who would benefit from use of mupirocin for decolonization and treatment of infections caused by MRSA. Methods: One-hundred and sixty-three recent MRSA single patient clinical isolates were collected from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. In-vitro susceptibility testing was performed using E-test methodology for tigecycline, ceftaroline, daptomycin, vancomycin, linezolid, and mupirocin. Results: Of the 163 MRSA isolates tested, >99% demonstrated susceptibility to tigecycline, ceftaroline, daptomycin, vancomycin, and linezolid. Seventy (43%) had
https://file.scirp.org/Html/2-2260163_54074.htm
Lack of increase in vancomycin resistance of pediatric methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates from 2000 to 2007 ...Lack of increase in vancomycin resistance of pediatric methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates from 2000 to 2007 ...
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https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/lack-of-increase-in-vancomycin-resistance-of-pediatric-methicilli/fingerprints/
Biblio du mois : Novembre 2017 - AJAR Paris - Association des Jeunes Anesthésistes-RéanimateursBiblio du mois : Novembre 2017 - AJAR Paris - Association des Jeunes Anesthésistes-Réanimateurs
Downes et al., JAMA Pediatrics, 2017. https://jamanetwork.com.hellebore.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2654886. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.3219. Importance β-Lactam antibiotics are often coadministered with intravenous (IV) vancomycin hydrochloride for children with suspected serious infections. For adults, the combination of IV vancomycin plus piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium is associated with a higher risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with vancomycin plus 1 other β-lactam antibiotic. However, few studies have evaluated the safety of this combination for children.. Objective To assess the risk of AKI in children during concomitant therapy with vancomycin and 1 antipseudomonal β-lactam antibiotic throughout the first week of hospitalization.. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study focused on children hospitalized for 3 or more days who received IV vancomycin plus 1 other antipseudomonal β-lactam combination ...
http://www.ajar-online.fr/biblio-du-mois-novembre-2017/
The Impact of Intraluminal Vancomycin Adminstration on Prevention of Hemodialysis CatheterRelated InfectionsThe Impact of Intraluminal Vancomycin Adminstration on Prevention of Hemodialysis CatheterRelated Infections
Introduction: Percutaneously inserted double-lumen central venous hemodialysis catheters provide the nephrologist with an excellent temporary access for an immediate hemodialysis treatment and preserve the peripheral veins for the future creation of a permanent arteriovenous vascular access. Unfortunately catheterrelated infections are usually common. In this study, the impact of intra luminal vancomycin administration on catheter-related infections in a group of hemodialyzed patients has been investigated. Method: A total of 100 patients with renal failure requiring hemodialysis by way of double-lumen central venous catheters inserted into the internal jugular or subclavian vein in 6 months period, were randomly divided into two groups of receiving a single intravenous dose of 1000 mg of vancomycin during catheter insertion and no antibiotics. The rate of infection, in situ duration of the initial catheter, number of dialysis sessions per week, site of catheter, length of the catheter which was outside
http://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_17399.html
Inducible expression eliminates the fitness cost of vancomycin resistance in enterococci. - Institut PasteurInducible expression eliminates the fitness cost of vancomycin resistance in enterococci. - Institut Pasteur
Inducible vancomycin resistance in enterococci is due to a sophisticated mechanism that combines synthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan precursors with low affinity for glycopeptides and elimination of the normal target precursors. Although this dual mechanism, which involves seven genes organized in two operons, is predicted to have a high fitness cost, resistant enterococci have disseminated worldwide. We have evaluated the biological cost of VanB-type resistance due to acquisition of conjugative transposon Tn1549 in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Because fitness was dependent on the integration site of Tn1549, an isogenic set of E. faecalis was constructed to determine the cost of inducible or constitutive expression of resistance or of carriage of Tn1549. A luciferase gene was inserted in the integrase gene of the transposon to allow differential quantification of the strains in cocultures and in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice. Both in vitro and in vivo, carriage of
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00552977
AAEM: American Academy of Emergency MedicineAAEM: American Academy of Emergency Medicine
October 09, 2012. Antibiotic treatment of mild-to-moderate C. Difficile Colitis is generally with oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin. The recommended regimen is 500 mg 3 times daily or 250 mg 4 times daily for 14 days. If oral vancomycin is used, the dosage is 125 mg 4 times daily for 14 days. Intravenous metronidazole may be used if oral therapy cannot be given, but intravenous vancomycin has no clinical effect on C difficile colitis. Emerg Med Clin N Am 29 (2011) 347-368. ...
http://www.aaem.org/publications/fact-of-the-day?monthyear=2012-10-01
The epidemiology of vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE); The first 1044 isolates<...The epidemiology of vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE); The first 1044 isolates<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The epidemiology of vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE); The first 1044 isolates. AU - Perl, T. M.. AU - Karanfil, L. K.. AU - Pryor, P.. PY - 1997/12/1. Y1 - 1997/12/1. N2 - VRE are concerning nosocomial pathogens because of the limited therapeutic options and the potential to transfer the resistance genes to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Between 1989 and 1996, we maintained a database which includes demographic and clinical data on all JHH patients with VRE colonization or infection (C/I). VRE culture rates increased from 0.90/1000 patient discharges (pdc) in 1989 to 7.3/1000 pdc in 1996. The most significant increases have occurred on the solid organ transplant and the pediatric services. Among the first 1044 patients who developed VRE C/I; 22% were in intensive care units, 9% on oncology wards, 3% on pediatric wards, and 4% on solid organ transplant service. Over 50% of patients were housed on medical and surgical wards. Cases were distributed throughout ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-epidemiology-of-vancomycin-resistant-enterococcus-vre-the-fir-4
In vitro selection of Staphylococcus aureus mutants resistant to tigecycline with intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin |...In vitro selection of Staphylococcus aureus mutants resistant to tigecycline with intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin |...
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens causing serious infections both within the hospital setting and in the community. This pathogen is characterized by rapid acquisition of resistance to antibiotics introduced into clinical practice. Thus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) emerged first in the hospital setting and then spread to the community (CA-MRSA) [1]. In the late 1990s, MRSA strains emerged with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, VISA (vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus) [2] and VRSA (vancomycin-resistant S. aureus) [3]. Tigecycline (TIG) is an antibiotic belonging to the glycylcyclines class and representing a treatment option for infections caused by S. aureus [4]. Surveillance studies of S. aureus have exhibited good activity of this antibiotic, with 99.9 % of isolates found to be susceptible [5]. A high susceptibility rate was also reported in Latin America from 2004 to 2010 [6] and in several countries around the world [7, 8]. The aim of this work was to select ...
https://ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12941-016-0131-7
Predictors for vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium transforming from colonization to infection: a case control study |...Predictors for vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium transforming from colonization to infection: a case control study |...
Little is known about risk factors for subsequent infections among vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) colonizers, especially characterized by concordant pulsotypes (CP) of paired colonization and infection-related isolates. This case-control study was conducted at a teaching hospital between 2011 and 2014. Targeted patients received active surveillance culture for VREfm by anal swabs at admission. Cases were those who developed VREfm infection within 180 days after colonization of VREfm. Controls were those colonized with VREfm without subsequent VREfm infection. CP were defined by similarities ≥86.7% using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis between paired colonization and infection-related isolates. Ninety-seven cases and 194 controls were enrolled. By conditional multivariable logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for subsequent infection among VREfm colonizers were intensive care unit (ICU) admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 9.32; 95% CI, 3.61-24.02), receipt of central
https://0-aricjournal-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/s13756-019-0647-7
GMS | GMS Infectious Diseases | Treatment of MRSA pneumonia: Clinical and economic comparison of linezolid vs. vancomycin - a...GMS | GMS Infectious Diseases | Treatment of MRSA pneumonia: Clinical and economic comparison of linezolid vs. vancomycin - a...
This study was a retrospective analysis of medical and reimbursement data. This approach allowed a comparison of costs and effectiveness between the two treatments - linezolid and vancomycin - in a broad patient population in a routine clinical setting. Such real-life studies are essential because the individuals included in randomized controlled trials with a drug might represent only a minority of the intended target population as shown by Zimmermann et al. [15]. In the present study, the hospitals submitted the data of all their patients who met the inclusion criteria, i.e. received linezolid or vancomycin as an initial treatment for MRSA pneumonia in the 5-year study period. In consequence, the population studied covered the full spectrum of disease severity. However, it has to be taken into consideration that the sample size was relatively small. A frequently discussed limitation of retrospective chart review studies such as the present study is that patients are not randomly allocated to ...
http://www.egms.de/static/en/journals/id/2017-5/id000028.shtml
AID 67253 - In vitro antibacterial activity against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VanA, BM4166) - PubChemAID 67253 - In vitro antibacterial activity against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VanA, BM4166) - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 67253 submitted by ChEMBL: In vitro antibacterial activity against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VanA, BM4166).
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/67253
Enterococci and Vancomycin Resistance : Clinical Infectious Diseases - oiEnterococci and Vancomycin Resistance : Clinical Infectious Diseases - oi
The frequency of infections with multiply antibiotic-resistant gram-positive bacteria is increasing, and in some cases these organisms remain susceptible only to the glycopeptides vancomycin and teicoplanin. The appearance of transferable high-level glycopeptide resistance in enterococci- producing some strains that are now resistant to all available antibiotics-is thus a cause for concern. The enterococci readily colonize the bowel, spread rapidly among hospital patients, and transfer their antibiotic resistances widely among themselves and other gram-positive species. Glycopeptide resistance has not yet transferred in vivo to other significant pathogens, but experimental transfer to Staphylococcus aureus has been achieved in vitro. The emergence of glycopeptideresistant enterococci has been encouraged by the increasing use of aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and quinolones for the treatment of infections due to gram-negative bacteria and glycopeptides for infections due to staphylococci and ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1086/514910
Vancomycin powder may protect against surgical site infection, though the most suitable patients are not clear - Spinal News...Vancomycin powder may protect against surgical site infection, though the most suitable patients are not clear - Spinal News...
In this meta-analysis, a comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases and bibliographies was conducted to identify clinical studies that evaluated the rates of surgical site infection with and without the use of intrawound vancomycin powder in spine surgery. Independent reviewers extracted data and graded the quality of each paper that met inclusion criteria. A random effects meta-analysis was then performed.. The research identified eight retrospective cohort studies (level III evidence) and one randomised controlled trial (level II). There were 2,424 cases and 95 infections in the control group (3.9%) and 2,368 cases and 28 infections (1.1%) in the treatment group, yielding a pooled absolute risk reduction and relative risk reduction of 2.8% and 72%, respectively. The meta-analysis revealed the use of vancomycin powder to be protective in preventing infection (relative risk=0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.67, p,0.011). The number needed to treat to prevent one infection was 36. A ...
https://spinalnewsinternational.com/vancomycin-powder-may-protect-against-surgical-site-infection-though-the-most-suitable-patients-are-not-clear/
Search Results for Biology and Life Sciences, MRSA strains | AKJournalsSearch Results for Biology and Life Sciences, MRSA strains | AKJournals
The use of vancomycin for treatment of serious infections caused by MRSA strains has resulted in emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in clinical settings. Following our previous report of phenotypic VRSA in Nigeria, the current study attempts to determine the genetic basis underlying this resistance. Over a period of 6 months, non-duplicate clinical S. aureus isolates from 73 consecutive patients with infective conditions at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo were tested against a panel of eight selected antibiotics by disk diffusion test. The Epsilom test strip was used to determine vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to amplify nuc, mecA, vanA, and vanB genes. Of 73 isolates, 61 (83.6%) had MIC of ≤2 μg/ml, 11 (15.1%) had 4-8 μg/ml and 1 (1.4%) had 16 μg/ml. The mecA gene was detected in 5 (6.8%) isolates but none contained vanA or vanB genes. Both vancomycin-susceptible and ...
https://akjournals.com/search?access_0=all&pageSize=10&q=%22MRSA+strains%22&sort=relevance&t=Biology
RePub, Erasmus University Repository: A multi-center blinded study on the efficiency of phenotypic screening methods to...RePub, Erasmus University Repository: A multi-center blinded study on the efficiency of phenotypic screening methods to...
Backgrounds: To determine the true incidence of hGISA/GISA and its consequent clinical impact, methods must be defined that will reliably and reproducibly discriminate these resistant phenotypes from vancomycin susceptible S. aureus (VSSA). Methods: This study assessed and compared the ability of eight Dutch laboratories under blinded conditions to discriminate VSSA from hGISA/ GISA phenotypes and the intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility of agar screening plates and the Etest method. A total of 25 blinded and unique strains (10 VSSA, 9 hGISA and 6 GISA) were categorized by the PAP-AUC method and PFGE typed to eliminate clonal duplication. All strains were deliberately added in quadruplets to evaluate intra-laboratory variability and reproducibility of the methods. Strains were tested using three agar screening methods, Brain Heart Infusion agar (BHI) + 6 μg/ml vancomycin, Mueller Hinton agar (MH) + 5 μg/ ml vancomycin and MH + 5 μg/ml teicoplanin) and the Etest macromethod using a 2 ...
https://repub.eur.nl/pub/36872
Vancomycin Resistance Creeping Upward in CanadaVancomycin Resistance Creeping Upward in Canada
Philippe R. S. Lagacé-Wiens, MD, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, and his colleagues presented the results of a study at the 50th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC). He and his group observed that there has been a significant rise in the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus in Canada over...
http://www.ondineblog.com/2010/09/vancomycin-resistance-creeping-upward-in-canada/
FDA: Blindness Risk From Compounded Vancomycin Eye Injections - PA Student ResourcesFDA: Blindness Risk From Compounded Vancomycin Eye Injections - PA Student Resources
FDA: Blindness Risk From Compounded Vancomycin Eye InjectionsThe FDA is warning against intraocular injections of vancomycin either alone or in combination with other drugs, in light of a new case of hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis ...
http://physicianassistantstudent.com/fda-blindness-risk-from-compounded-vancomycin-eye-injections/
Oral Vancomycin and Gentamicin for Treatment of Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. - Nuffield Department of MedicineOral Vancomycin and Gentamicin for Treatment of Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. - Nuffield Department of Medicine
BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and involves the contribution of genetic and environmental factors. Many patients with very early onset IBD are difficult to treat. The current antibiotic medication that targets gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria provides only moderate efficacy in subsets of patients with IBD. METHODS: We report a case series of 5 children with a mean age of 1.6 years (range 6 months to 2.7 years) during IBD onset, who were previously refractory to standard treatments and who received oral vancomycin with or without gentamicin. RESULTS: Four out of 5 children demonstrated substantial therapeutic effect, and the effect was sustained in 3 children over a follow-up period of 12-33 months. CONCLUSION: Our findings are consistent with model systems and suggest that randomized trials are required to establish whether a change in therapeutic paradigm, that is, targeting gram-positive bacteria with nonabsorbable antibiotics, may have therapeutic
https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/701539
Vancomycin prophylaxis of surgical site infection in clean orthopedic surgery. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystVancomycin prophylaxis of surgical site infection in clean orthopedic surgery. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Funded by the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences through its Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program, grant number UL1TR002541 ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/25905076
Vancomycin resistant enterococcus fact sheetVancomycin resistant enterococcus fact sheet
Vancomycin resistant enterococcus fact sheet, A - Z Programs & Services. At Ross Memorial Hospital, its our mission to provide quality acute and continuing care services to the residents of the City of Kawartha Lakes and adjacent communities. In fulfilling this mission, RMH is committed to: Anticipating and responding to the health needs of the community.
https://lytm.ha3.in.net/red-alert-2-iso-download.html
Update on the emerging role of telavancin in hospital-acquired infecti | TCRMUpdate on the emerging role of telavancin in hospital-acquired infecti | TCRM
Update on the emerging role of telavancin in hospital-acquired infections Obinna N Nnedu,1 George A Pankey2 1Infectious Disease Department, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA; 2Infectious Disease Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA Abstract: Telavancin is a lipoglycopeptide that has activity against gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. It has activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus and non-Van-A strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. It has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for complicated skin and skin structure infections and hospital-acquired pneumonia. There is a need for more clinical studies to determine the role of telavancin in treating bacteremia and prosthetic device infections. In this review, we discuss the published data on the use of telavancin in treating hospital-acquired infections and provide an update on new research. Keywords: telavancin, vancomycin,
https://www.dovepress.com/update-on-the-emerging-role-of-telavancin-in-hospital-acquired-infecti-peer-reviewed-article-TCRM
Vancomycin for Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection - Infectious Disease AdvisorVancomycin for Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection - Infectious Disease Advisor
Using oral antibiotics when possible and limiting the durations of vancomycin treatment may decrease V-AKI in patients with ABSSSI.
https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/home/topics/emerging-diseases/antibiotics-antimicrobial-resistance/study-finds-new-at-risk-group-for-acute-kidney-injury-after-treatment-with-vancomycin/
AFM of Staphylococcus Aureus | UChicago MRSECAFM of Staphylococcus Aureus | UChicago MRSEC
The emerging problem of intermediate resistance to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus isolates has raised concern, since few therapeutic options remain for treatment. The antibiotics kill gram-positive bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of peptidoglycan on the bacterial surface. To identify any cell-surface alterations that correlated with increased resistance, MRSEC researchers Hahm and Sibener, working in conjunction with infectious disease experts Prof. Robert Daum and Dr. Susan Boyle-Vavra of the UC Pritzker Medical School, imaged the bacterial particles with AFM (A).. High-resolution images showed that resistant strains of the bacteria had shallow grooves on their surfaces (B) but that susceptible strains had deeper grooves and often a larger number of surface features (C). While the mechanistic significance of these phenotypic differences are not clear, the use of AFM imaging has provided a new opportunity for identifying and then understanding modes of ...
http://mrsec.uchicago.edu/research/highlights/afm-staphylococcus-aureus
Chloroquine Toxicity - Pharmacology - Kelmac MedicalChloroquine Toxicity - Pharmacology - Kelmac Medical
ID/CC A 25-year-old male presents with spiking fevers, malaise, left-sided chest pain, and cough.. HPI His symptoms started two weeks ago and have progressively worsened despite a full course of oral antibiotics. He also reports a history of prior IV drug abuse.. PE VS: fever (39.2°C); tachycardia (HR 105); tachypnea. PE: amphoric breath sounds heard over left lower lobe; SI and S2 normally heard without murmurs, gallops or rubs.. Labs CBC: leukocytosis, predominantly neutrophilic. Blood cultures negative; Induced sputum cultures grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.. Imaging XR, chest: 2- by 3-cm cavity in left lower lobe of lung with air-fluid level. CT, chest: confirmed a left lower lobe lung abscess.. Treatment Intravenous vancomycin therapy; add an aminoglycoside for synergistic bactericidal effect.. Discussion Antibiotic resistance is continuing to increase in both the hospital (nosocomial infections) and the community. Major resistant nosocomial organisms include S. aureus, ...
http://www.kelmacmedical.us/pharmacology-2/chloroquine-toxicity.html
December 2017 - VANCOMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE generic entry, pharmaceutical patent expiry and freedom to operateDecember 2017 - VANCOMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE generic entry, pharmaceutical patent expiry and freedom to operate
Drugs may be covered by multiple patents or regulatory protections. All trademarks and applicant names are the property of their respective owners or licensors. Although great care is taken in the proper and correct provision of this service, thinkBiotech LLC does not accept any responsibility for possible consequences of errors or omissions in the provided data. The data presented herein is for information purposes only. There is no warranty that the data contained herein is error free. thinkBiotech performs no independent verifification of facts as provided by public sources nor are attempts made to provide legal or investing advice. Any reliance on data provided herein is done solely at the discretion of the user. Users of this service are advised to seek professional advice and independent confirmation before considering acting on any of the provided information. thinkBiotech LLC reserves the right to amend, extend or withdraw any part or all of the offered service without notice. ...
https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/p/generic-api/vancomycin+hydrochloride
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Microbial Panel ATCC® MP-1™Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Microbial Panel ATCC® MP-1™
A panel of Enterococcus strains which have been tested for resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The presence of |i>vanA, vanB,|/i> or |i>vanC|/i> genes in resistant strains has been confirmed by molecular testing at ATCC.
https://www.atcc.org/products/all/MP-1.aspx?slp=1?p=1&rel=%7B0%7D
pub H-BRS | Searchpub H-BRS | Search
The bactericidal activities of daptomycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid at human peak free serum concentrations (C(max,free)) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus (one methicillin-susceptible and two methicillin-resistant strains), Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium (one vancomycin-susceptible and one vancomycin-resistant strain of each). Daptomycin was rapidly bactericidal against 7/7 strains at C(max,free) of 22.0 mg/L (corresponding to 63% protein binding) and against 3/7 strains at 4.8 mg/L (corresponding to 92% protein binding). Vancomycin (18.0 mg/L) was bactericidal against only two strains. Both teicoplanin (4.5 mg/L) and linezolid (10.4 mg/L) were consistently bacteriostatic. Daptomycin is a useful option for the treatment of Gram-positive infections owing to its strong bactericidal activity ...
https://pub.h-brs.de/solrsearch/index/search/searchtype/authorsearch/author/%22Orland%2C+A.%22/rows/100
Safety of Extended Infusion Piperacillin-Tazobactam plus Vancomycin versus Standard Infusion Piperacillin- Tazobactam plus...Safety of Extended Infusion Piperacillin-Tazobactam plus Vancomycin versus Standard Infusion Piperacillin- Tazobactam plus...
Madridge Journal of Novel Drug Research mainly dedicated to publishing novel methods and advancements in drug discovery through better quality and research. The Journal accepts various formats of literary works such as Research articles, Case reports, Review, Commentary and Short Communications etc.
https://madridge.org/journal-of-novel-drug-research/mjndr-1000115.php
Short-Course Gentamicin in Combination with Daptomycin or Vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in an In Vitro...Short-Course Gentamicin in Combination with Daptomycin or Vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in an In Vitro...
Employing novel dosing regimens and antimicrobials are advantageous to combat the therapeutic problems associated with S. aureus IE. The administration of short courses of combination regimens involving aminoglycosides has previously demonstrated benefit and efficacy in treating IE. Korzeniowski and Sande found that the administration of nafcillin for 6 weeks and gentamicin for 2 weeks resulted in a more rapid mean clinical response and a reduced duration of bacteremia in patients with right-sided endocarditis (25). In addition, other investigators have shown that the outcomes of patients receiving 2-week combination aminoglycoside therapy were similar to the outcomes of patients receiving 4- to 6-week regimens (12, 17, 42). There have been no human studies investigating the effect of administering aminoglycosides in combination for less than 24 h against S. aureus IE. We attempted to investigate whether short-course, 24-h regimens of gentamicin in combination with vancomycin or daptomycin can ...
https://aac.asm.org/content/49/7/2735?ijkey=62a8a9ee9344536a9e1b43a64882da7ceec4bd72&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
MRSA drug dosage calculations found to be inaccurate for children over 10MRSA drug dosage calculations found to be inaccurate for children over 10
The emergence of MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus), dubbed a superbug due to its resistance to many antibiotic drugs, has resulted in the glycopeptide antibiotic Vancomycin being commonly prescribed for patients in hospital.
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-01-mrsa-drug-dosage-inaccurate-children.html
Earlier Stability Achieved with Linezolid vs. Vancomycin in VAP Due to MRSA - MPREarlier Stability Achieved with Linezolid vs. Vancomycin in VAP Due to MRSA - MPR
Patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) achieved an earlier time to clinical stability when treated with linezolid vs. vancomycin, results of the IMPACT-HAP study reported at IDWeek 2013.
http://www.empr.com/idweek-2013-adult-infectious-diseases/earlier-stability-achieved-with-linezolid-vs-vancomycin-in-vap-due-to-mrsa/article/314995/
A comparison of the effect on renal function of flucloxacillin and vancomycin antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery...A comparison of the effect on renal function of flucloxacillin and vancomycin antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery...
Of 1,413 patients in the study period, 415 met the study criteria: 360 patients received flucloxacillin and 55 patients received vancomycin. There were no significant differences between the two groups in sex, age, BMI, euroSCORE, diabetes status, ejection fraction, pre-operative creatinine, eGFR, sodium, or potassium. Comparing change in renal function pre-operatively to post-operatively, there were no significant group differences in change in: creatinine (mmol/l; VAN median 0 (IQR 11); FLU -2 (19); P = 0.22), eGFR (ml/min; VAN 0 (14); FLU 2.4 (19.3); P = 0.22), sodium (mmol/l; VAN 1 (4); FLU 1 (4); P = 0.28). Change in potassium differed significantly (mmol/l; VAN 0.7 (0.9); FLU 0.5 (0.7); P , 0.05). In clinical outcome measures, the groups were similar. Most patients in both groups stayed in ITU for 1 day and there was no significant difference in the number of patients staying for longer than 1 day (VAN 7/55 (13%); FLU 29/360 (8%); P = 0.30). There was no difference in hospital length of ...
https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/cc8289
RxHealthMedRxHealthMed
Are there any other precautions or warnings for this medication?. Before you begin using a medication, be sure to inform your doctor of any medical conditions or allergies you may have, any medications you are taking, whether you are pregnant or breast-feeding, and any other significant facts about your health. These factors may affect how you should use this medication.. Hearing loss: Vancomycin can cause hearing loss. People with a history of hearing loss should not take this medication if possible. If you experience any hearing loss, dizziness, or ringing ears while taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately.. Infusion reactions: IV administration of vancomycin can cause a reaction that includes severely reduced blood pressure, nausea, chills, fever, shortness of breath, and itching. If you experience any of these symptoms, let your doctor or nurse know immediately. Vancomycin may be able to be given if it is administered more slowly.. Intestinal inflammation: People with ...
http://www.rxhealthmed.ca/health-advice/medication-search/med/5433
The effect of diabetes mellitus on outcomes of patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant...The effect of diabetes mellitus on outcomes of patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant...
The presence of diabetes mellitus increases the risk of several severe infections, but data on its effect on treatment outcomes in patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are limited. We retrospectively analyzed data from a double-blind, randomized, multi-center, international clinical trial of culture-confirmed MRSA NP that compared treatment with linezolid to vancomycin. Specifically, we evaluated the clinical and microbiologic outcomes of patients with and without diabetes in the modified intent to treat population at end-of-treatment (EOT) and end-of-study (EOS, 7-30 days post-EOT). Among 448 enrolled patients 183 (40.8 %) had diabetes mellitus, 87 (47.5 %) of whom received linezolid and 96 (52.5 %) vancomycin. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar for the two treatment groups. Clinical success rates at EOS were 57.6 % with linezolid and 39.3 % with vancomycin, while microbiological success rates were 58.9 % with
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1779-5/email/correspondent/c1/new
Vancomycin and Gentamicin Pharmacokinetic Alterations in an Adolescent by Kristen R. Nichols, Kari M. Edison et al.Vancomycin and Gentamicin Pharmacokinetic Alterations in an Adolescent by Kristen R. Nichols, Kari M. Edison et al.
A 14-year-old male with bilateral above-the-knee amputations presented to our hospital for treatment of a skin and soft-tissue infection. We report the experience of vancomycin and gentamicin therapy in this patient. Because these medications require weight-based dosages and pharmacokinetic monitoring of serum levels, it was necessary to obtain peak and trough levels of the two drugs in order to determine the pharmacokinetic differences in this patient compared to those in an adolescent male without amputations. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing pharmacokinetic differences in an adolescent amputee.
https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cophs_papers/69/
Enterococcus faecalisEnterococcus faecalis
Resistance to vancomycin in E. faecalis is becoming more common.[14][15] Treatment options for vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis ... Ampicillin- and vancomycin-sensitive E. faecalis (lacking high-level resistance to aminoglycosides) strains can be treated by ... Main article: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. E. faecalis is usually resistant to many commonly used antimicrobial agents ( ... Daptomycin or linezolid may also show efficacy in case ampicillin and vancomycin resistance.[19] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalis
Enterococcus faeciumEnterococcus faecium
Vancomycin-resistant EnterococciEdit. Enterococcus faecium has been a leading cause of multi-drug resistant enterococcal ... "Enterococcal Infections, Vancomycin Resistant" (PDF). Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section Office of Public Health, ... Chewning JH (July 2011). "Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia successfully treated with high-dose ampicillin- ... were due to vancomycin- and ampicillin-resistant E.faecium.[5] ... Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium is often referred to as VRE.[3] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecium
Clostridioides difficile infectionClostridioides difficile infection
If oral vancomycin was used for the initial episode, then a prolonged oral vancomycin pulse dose of 125 mg four times daily for ... vancomycin.[126]. *Rifaximin,[126] is a clinical-stage semisynthetic, rifamycin-based, nonsystemic antibiotic for CDI. It is ... Vancomycin or fidaxomicin by mouth are the typically recommended for mild, moderate, and severe infections.[65] They are also ... Fidaxomicin is tolerated as well as vancomycin,[67] and may have a lower risk of recurrence.[64] Fidaxomicin has been found to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficile_colitis
XelliaXellia
"VANCOMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE". U.S. National Library of Medicine. 2019-05-15. Retrieved 10 September 2019. "BACITRACIN- bacitracin ... including Vancomycin and Bacitracin. The company's US base of operations is in Buffalo Grove, Illinois, with additional ... Xellia partnered with Civica Rx to produce generic Vancomycin and Daptomycin. The partnership's stated aim is to remedy chronic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xellia
Production of antibioticsProduction of antibiotics
Martin, Elizabeth (2015). Vancomycin - Oxford Reference. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199687817.001.0001. ISBN 9780199687817. Du, ... Tetracycline is produced by Streptomyces aureofaciens Vancomycin is produced by Streptomyces orientalis, now known as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_of_antibiotics
Edmund KornfeldEdmund Kornfeld
Introduction to vancomycin. Rev Infect Dis 1981;3:S200-4 Edmund C. Kornfeld, E.J. Fornefeld, G. Bruce Kline, Marjorie J. Mann, ... Vancomycin: A comprehensive review of 30 years of clinical experience. New York, NY, Park Row Publishers, Inc., 1986. "The ... The new antibiotic was named vancomycin, from the term "vanquish" and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in ... His leading discovery, with the help of a team, was an antibiotic that was later named vancomycin. Kornfeld received his PhD in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Kornfeld
Meningococcal diseaseMeningococcal disease
Another alternative is dexamethasone with vancomycin and meropenem.[6] Pericarditis can appear, either as a septic pericarditis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningococcemia
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
S. aureus has also developed resistance to vancomycin (VRSA). One strain is only partially susceptible to vancomycin and is ... The first documented strain with complete (,16 μg/ml) resistance to vancomycin, termed vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) ... "Inhibition of cell wall turnover and autolysis by vancomycin in a highly vancomycin-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus" ... This is compared to eradication of infection in those with MRSA treated with vancomycin. Treatment with vancomycin is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRSA
Non-motile bacteriaNon-motile bacteria
Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. are non-motile while vancomycin susceptible Enterococcus spp. Some genera have been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-motile_bacteria
Treatment of infections after exposure to ionizing radiationTreatment of infections after exposure to ionizing radiation
amoxicillin, vancomycin, or linezolid). These are the antimicrobial agents that can be used for therapy of infection following ... c. Third choice: gentamicin or amikacin (both aminoglycosides) +/- amoxicillin or vancomycin (all injectable). Aminoglycosides ... amoxicillin or vancomycin. Cefepime exhibits an extended spectrum of activity for Gram-positive bacteria (staphylococci) and ... amoxicillin or vancomycin. Ciprofloxacin is effective against Gram-negative organisms (including Pseudomonas species) but has ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_infections_after_exposure_to_ionizing_radiation
Enterococcus aviumEnterococcus avium
Rarely, it is also a cause of infection in humans, and in such cases, may be vancomycin-reistant, and is referred to as VREA. ... Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus avium. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice: July 2004 12:4, pp. 239-244. Accessed July ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_avium
VancomicinăVancomicină
Vancomycin (în engleză), DrugBank, 17 noiembrie 2015. *^ a b c d „Vancomycin". The American Society of Health-System ... Vancomycin (în engleză), ChEMBL, accesat în 19 ianuarie 2016. *^ a b VANCOMYCIN (în engleză), ChEMBL, accesat în 17 noiembrie ... Vancomycin (în engleză), ChemSpider, accesat în 17 noiembrie 2016. *^ a b ... Vancomycin and ceftazidime incompatibility upon intravitreal injection". British Journal of Ophthalmology (în engleză). 84 (1 ...
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomicină
Enterococcus faeciumEnterococcus faecium
Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium is often referred to as VRE. This bacterium has developed multi-drug antibiotic resistance and ... "Enterococcal Infections, Vancomycin Resistant" (PDF). Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section Office of Public Health, ... Chewning JH (July 2011). "Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia successfully treated with high-dose ampicillin- ... were due to vancomycin- and ampicillin-resistant E. faecium. The rapid increase of VRE has made it difficult for physicians to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecium
GlycorandomizationGlycorandomization
Fu, X; Albermann, C; Zhang, C; Thorson, JS (Apr 14, 2005). "Diversifying vancomycin via chemoenzymatic strategies". Organic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycorandomization
Clostridioides difficile infectionClostridioides difficile infection
If oral vancomycin was used for the initial episode, then a prolonged oral vancomycin pulse dose of 125 mg four times daily for ... Typical vancomycin is taken four times a day by mouth for 10 days. It may also be given rectally if the person develops an ... Vancomycin or fidaxomicin by mouth are the typically recommended for mild, moderate, and severe infections. They are also the ... Fidaxomicin has been found to be as effective as vancomycin in those with mild to moderate disease, and it may be better than ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection
Therapeutic ultrasoundTherapeutic ultrasound
"Ultrasonically enhanced vancomycin activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms in vivo". Journal of biomaterials ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic_ultrasound
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndromeStaphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Therefore, treatment with Nafcillin, oxacillin, or vancomycin is typically indicated. Clindamycin is sometimes also used ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcal_scalded_skin_syndrome
Immunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin A
Vancomycin can induce a linear IgA bullous dermatosis in some patients. List of target antigens in pemphigus TGF beta Bonner A ... Go, J. Raymond; Abu Saleh, Omar M. (2020-10-15). "Vancomycin-Induced Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis". New England Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_A
Intravenous therapyIntravenous therapy
When vancomycin is involved, this is commonly termed "Red Man syndrome" after the rapid flushing which occurs after rapid ... In some cases, such as with vancomycin, a loading or bolus dose of medicine is given before beginning a dosing regimen to more ... These infusion reactions can be severe, such as in the case of vancomycin, where the reaction is termed "red man syndrome". Any ... Álvarez R, López Cortés LE, Molina J, Cisneros JM, Pachón J (May 2016). "Optimizing the Clinical Use of Vancomycin". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_therapy
New York City agarNew York City agar
Vancomycin is inhibitory for gram-positive bacteria. Colistin inhibits gram negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas species, ... The selective supplement added contains the antibiotics vancomycin, colistin, nystatin and trimethoprim, to suppress the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_agar
EnterococcusEnterococcus
In the last two decades, particularly virulent strains of Enterococcus that are resistant to vancomycin (vancomycin-resistant ... Kurup A, Chlebicki MP, Ling ML, Koh TH, Tan KY, Lee LC, Howe KB (April 2008). "Control of a hospital-wide vancomycin-resistant ... It often requires treatment with intravenous or intrathecal vancomycin, yet it is debatable as to whether its use has any ... Sensitive strains of these bacteria can be treated with ampicillin, penicillin and vancomycin. Urinary tract infections can be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus
Microbacterium resistensMicrobacterium resistens
nov., exhibiting vancomycin resistance and teicoplanin susceptibility". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 158 (1): 89-93. doi:10.1111/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbacterium_resistens
ErysipeloidErysipeloid
E. rhusiopathiae is intrinsically resistant to vancomycin. Erysipeloid of Rosenbach Brooke C, Riley T (1999). "Erysipelothrix ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erysipeloid
FidaxomicinFidaxomicin
24.0% with oral vancomycin. The study also met its exploratory endpoint of global cure (77.7% for fidaxomicin vs. 67.1% for ... The study met its primary endpoint of clinical cure, showing that fidaxomicin was non-inferior to oral vancomycin (92.1% vs. ... Fidaxomicin was shown to be as good as the standard-of-care, vancomycin, for treating Clostridium difficile infection in a ... September 12-15, 2009). Safety of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin in treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. 49th ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidaxomicin
Staphylococcus haemolyticusStaphylococcus haemolyticus
2007). "Detection of vancomycin heteroresistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus and vancomycin intermediate resistant ... Alternatively, vancomycin or teicoplanin may be administered. Recent evidence suggests that glycopeptides can be supplemented ... As indicated above, even glycopeptide-resistant (vancomycin and teicoplanin) strains have begun to emerge. Schleifer, K. H.; ... Sieradzki, Krzysztof; Villari, Paolo; Tomasz, Alexander (1998). "Decreased Susceptibilities to Teicoplanin and Vancomycin among ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_haemolyticus
Emmanuelle CharpentierEmmanuelle Charpentier
Novak, R.; Henriques, B.; Charpentier, E.; Normark, S.; Tuomanen, E. (1999). "Emergence of vancomycin tolerance in ... Charpentier also helped demonstrate how S. pneumoniae develop vancomycin resistance. Charpentier worked as an assistant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier
GloeobacterGloeobacter
Cells color gramnegative, and lack vancomycin resistance. They are not motile and do not glide. Growth ceases in complete ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloeobacter
Clostridium innocuumClostridium innocuum
Most strains were found to be only moderately susceptible to vancomycin (MIC at which 90% of strains are inhibited, 4 ... All other clostridial species were at least 8 times more susceptible to vancomycin than C. innocuum, suggesting an intrinsic ... Mory, Francine; Lozneiwski (June 1998). "Low-Level Vancomycin Resistance in Clostridium innocuum". Journal of Clin Microbiology ... resistance to vancomycin was seen in all 28 strains isolated. ... vancomycin resistance mechanism in C. innocuum. Smith, Louis D ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_innocuum
MetronidazoleMetronidazole
... vancomycin, or fidaxomicin by mouth.[6] In 2017, the IDSA generally recommended vancomycin and fidaxomicin over metronidazole.[ ... 6] Vancomycin by mouth has been shown to be more effective in treating people with severe C. difficile colitis.[19] ... It is an option for a first episode of mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile colitis if vancomycin or fidaxomicin is ... "A comparison of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, stratified by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazole
Vancomycin - WikipediaVancomycin - Wikipedia
"vancomycin". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.. *^ "vancomycin - definition of vancomycin in English from the Oxford dictionary". ... Variant of vancomycin has been tested that binds to the resistant D-lactic acid variation in vancomycin-resistant bacterial ... Mechanism of vancomycin action and resistance: This diagram shows only one of two ways vancomycin acts against bacteria ( ... Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus emerged in 1987. Vancomycin resistance evolved in more common pathogenic organisms during the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin_hydrochloride
Vancomycin | Encyclopedia.comVancomycin | Encyclopedia.com
vancomycin (văn´kōmī´sĬn), antibiotic [1] resembling penicillin [2] in the way it acts. It is derived from the bacterium ... vancomycin (văn´kōmī´sĬn), antibiotic resembling penicillin in the way it acts. It is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces ... vancomycin (vank-oh-my-sin) n. an antibiotic that is effective against most Gram-positive organisms and is used for treating ... vancomycin A Dictionary of Nursing © A Dictionary of Nursing 2008, originally published by Oxford University Press 2008. ...
https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/drugs/pharmacology/vancomycin
VancomycinVancomycin
After taking vancomycin, the amount in the blood rises for a period of time, peaks, and then begins to fall, usually reaching ... This test is used to monitor levels of the antimicrobial drug vancomycin in the blood. ... This test is used to monitor levels of the antimicrobial drug vancomycin in the blood. When a person takes a dose of vancomycin ... This test measures the concentration of vancomycin in the blood.. It is important to monitor the level of vancomycin because ...
https://labtestsonline.org/tests/vancomycin
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - WikipediaVancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Wikipedia
Three classes of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus have emerged that differ in vancomycin susceptibilities: vancomycin- ... "Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus, Including Vancomycin-Intermediate and Heterogeneous Vancomycin- ... VRSA strain acquired the vancomycin resistance gene cluster vanA from VRE. The diagnosis of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus ... Vancomycin Loomba, Poonam Sood; Taneja, Juhi; Mishra, Bibhabati (2010-01-01). "Methicillin and Vancomycin Resistant S. aureus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancomycin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus
Vancomycin: MedlinePlus Drug InformationVancomycin: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Vancomycin: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Take vancomycin until you finish the prescription, even if you feel better. If you stop taking vancomycin too soon or miss ... Before taking vancomycin,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to vancomycin, or any other medications. ... Vancomycin comes as a capsule to take by mouth. It is usually taken 3-4 times a day for 7-10 days. To help you remember to take ...
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a604038.html
Amoxicillin/meropenem/vancomycin | SpringerLinkAmoxicillin/meropenem/vancomycin | SpringerLink
Amoxicillin/meropenem/vancomycin. DRESS syndrome and pruritic maculopapular generalised exanthema: case report ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40278-018-52370-6
Vancomycin | SpringerLinkVancomycin | SpringerLink
Toxic epidermal necrolysis secondary to the use of vancomycin-loaded bone cement in staged revision of total knee replacement: ... Vancomycin. Toxic epidermal necrolysis leading to confusion and acute renal failure: case report ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40278-017-37453-4
Vancomycin Injection: MedlinePlus Drug InformationVancomycin Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Vancomycin Injection: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... You may receive vancomycin injection in a hospital or you may use the medication at home. If you are using vancomycin injection ... Use vancomycin injection until you finish the prescription, even if you feel better. If you stop using vancomycin injection too ... Before using vancomycin injection,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to vancomycin, any other medications, ...
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601167.html
Vancocin capsules (vancomycin)Vancocin capsules (vancomycin)
Vancomycin can pass into breast milk, but this is unlikely when taking vancomycin by mouth because it is not absorbed from the ... Vancocin capsules (vancomycin). Vancocin capsules contain the active ingredient vancomycin, which is a type of medicine called ... Allergy to vancomycin.. This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to one or any of its ingredients. Please inform ... When vancomycin is taken by mouth it is not significantly absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream. It acts locally in the ...
http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/infections/a7954/vancocin-capsules-vancomycin/
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. - PubMed - NCBIVancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. - PubMed - NCBI
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections.. Murray BE1.. Author information. 1. Department of Medicine, and Center for the ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10706902?dopt=Abstract
Vancomycin-Associated Leukocytoclastic VasculitisVancomycin-Associated Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
Vancomycin-related leukocytoclastic vasculitis has rarely been reported [6-9]. From previous published case reports, vancomycin ... The patient improved clinically, and blood cultures became sterile after three days of vancomycin. On day 6 of vancomycin the ... for which the patient was started on vancomycin 1 gm IV q 12 hours. This dose provided a vancomycin steady state serum trough ... Vancomycin-Associated Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis. Makhawadee Pongruangporn,1 David J. Ritchie,2 Dongsi Lu,3 and Jonas ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/criid/2011/356370/
Vancomycin may not be necessary | The BMJVancomycin may not be necessary | The BMJ
Vancomycin may not be necessary. BMJ 2010; 341 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c4704 (Published 27 August 2010) Cite this as: ...
https://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c4704
Brief Report: Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus --- New York, 2004Brief Report: Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus --- New York, 2004
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the absence of vancomycin exposure. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:1049--55. ... The development of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in 1988 led the way to the emergence of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus ( ... laboratories should include a vancomycin-agar screening plate containing 6 µg/mL of vancomycin and examine the plate for growth ... Brief Report: Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus --- New York, 2004. Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5315a6.htm
Vancomycin Hydrochloride InjectionVancomycin Hydrochloride Injection
Vancomycin may cause side effects. Do not administer your vancomycin faster than directed by your health care provider. If you ... Your health care provider probably will give you several days supply of vancomycin. If you are receiving vancomycin ... This Vancomycin Hydrochloride Injection page on EmpowHER Womens Health works best with javascript enabled in your browser.. ... Before you administer vancomycin, look at the solution closely. It should be clear and free of floating material. Gently ...
https://www.empowher.com/media/reference/vancomycin-hydrochloride-injection
Vancomycin oral solutionVancomycin oral solution
VANCOMYCIN (van koe MYE sin) is a glycopeptide antibiotic. It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections in the ... Vancomycin oral solution. What is this medicine?. VANCOMYCIN (van koe MYE sin) is a glycopeptide antibiotic. It is used to ... an unusual or allergic reaction to vancomycin, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives ...
https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/family-resources-library/vancomycin-oral-solution
Vancomycin resistant enterococci healthcare associated infections. - PubMed - NCBIVancomycin resistant enterococci healthcare associated infections. - PubMed - NCBI
Vancomycin resistant enterococci healthcare associated infections.. Orsi GB1, Ciorba V.. Author information. 1. Department of ... Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are among the most common healthcare associated multidrug-resistant organisms. Purpose ... of enterococci were resistant to vancomycin, whereas in Canada VRE prevalence showed to be much lower ,10%. Although with some ... routine screening for vancomycin resistance among clinical isolates, rectal surveillance cultures, contact isolation for ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284534?dopt=Abstract
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Symptoms & TreatmentVancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Symptoms & Treatment
Read about vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) causes and treatment. Symptoms and signs depend upon the site of VRE ... The two main species that cause problems are vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus ... Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE). *Medical Author: Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD *Medical Editor: Melissa Conrad ... Vancomycin resistance is acquired when a sensitive Enterococcus acquires a special piece of DNA called a plasmid that permits ...
https://www.rxlist.com/vancomycin-resistant_enterococci_vre/article.htm
Metronidazole vs Vancomycin Comparison - Drugs.comMetronidazole vs Vancomycin Comparison - Drugs.com
Metronidazole rated 6.5/10 vs Vancomycin rated 6.6/10 in overall patient satisfaction. ... Compare Metronidazole vs Vancomycin head-to-head for uses, ratings, cost, side effects, interactions and more. ... I just finished a 14 day course (500mgx4) of Vancomycin yesterday, which seems to have cleared up the symptoms. Vancomycin is ... For Bacterial Infection As a last resort I was placed on Vancomycin every 12 hrs for 7 wks to treat a post surgical MRSA staph ...
https://www.drugs.com/compare/metronidazole-vs-vancomycin
Ciprofloxacin vs Vancomycin Comparison - Drugs.comCiprofloxacin vs Vancomycin Comparison - Drugs.com
Vancomycin is an antibiotic that may be used in the treatment of C. ... I just finished a 14 day course (500mgx4) of Vancomycin yesterday, which seems to have cleared up the symptoms. Vancomycin is ... For Bacterial Infection As a last resort I was placed on Vancomycin every 12 hrs for 7 wks to treat a post surgical MRSA staph ... Vancomycin is an antibiotic that may be used in the treatment of ,i,C. difficile,/i,-associated diarrhea or enterocolitis when ...
https://www.drugs.com/compare/ciprofloxacin-vs-vancomycin
Vancomycin | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterVancomycin | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
If you have an allergy to vancomycin or any other part of this drug. ...
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/vancomycin-01
Metronidazole vs. Vancomycin: C. Diff Drug Dosage & Side EffectsMetronidazole vs. Vancomycin: C. Diff Drug Dosage & Side Effects
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used for the treatment of C. diff diarrhea and staphylococcal enterocolitis. ... Vancomycin. Use of vancomycin in pregnancy has not been adequately evaluated. Due to the lack of safety data, vancomycin should ... Vancomycin is excreted in human milk after intravenous administration. However, oral administration of vancomycin does not ... What drugs interact with metronidazole and vancomycin?. *Are metronidazole and vancomycin safe to use while pregnant or ...
https://www.medicinenet.com/metronidazole_vs_vancomycin/article.htm
Vancomycin Alphapharm (vancomycin hydrochloride) Drug / Medicine InformationVancomycin Alphapharm (vancomycin hydrochloride) Drug / Medicine Information
... about Vancomycin Alphapharm (vancomycin hydrochloride) intended for persons living in Australia. ... How Vancomycin Alphapharm is given. How much is given. Your doctor will decide what dose of vancomycin you will receive and how ... Before you are given Vancomycin Alphapharm. When you must not be given it. You must not be given Vancomycin Alphapharm if you ... What Vancomycin Alphapharm is used for. Vancomycin Alphapharm is used to treat severe infections of the body caused by bacteria ...
https://www.news-medical.net/drugs/Vancomycin-Alphapharm.aspx
Vancomycin (Intravenous Route) Side Effects - Mayo ClinicVancomycin (Intravenous Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.. ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/vancomycin-intravenous-route/side-effects/drg-20068900
Smart Pumps Cut Vancomycin Reactions | MedPage TodaySmart Pumps Cut Vancomycin Reactions | MedPage Today
... that limits the infusion rate during administration of vancomycin led to significant reductions in adverse reactions to the ... Smart Pumps Cut Vancomycin Reactions. by Nancy Walsh, Staff Writer, MedPage Today December 5, 2012 ... "But errors in vancomycin administration persist, and surprisingly, attempts to override the pump limits have actually increased ... Source Reference: Ensign R, et al "Impact of education and smart pump settings on vancomycin infusion rates and adverse drug ...
https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/ashp/36267
DailyMed - Search Results for VancomycinDailyMed - Search Results for Vancomycin
FIRVANQ (vancomycin hydrochloride) kit. NDC Code(s): 65628-015-05, 65628-015-10, 65628-016-05, 65628-016-10 *Packager: Azurity ... FIRVANQ (vancomycin hydrochloride) kit. NDC Code(s): 65628-204-05, 65628-205-10, 65628-206-05, 65628-208-10 *Packager: Azurity ... VANCOMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE capsule. NDC Code(s): 47781-729-01, 47781-729-02, 47781-729-50, 47781-730-01, view more 47781-730-02, ... VANCOMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE capsule. NDC Code(s): 76333-264-01, 76333-264-17, 76333-264-26, 76333-265-01, view more 76333-265-17, ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Vancomycin
vancomycin resistance | Journal of Bacteriologyvancomycin resistance | Journal of Bacteriology
Vancomycin Tolerance Induced by Erythromycin but Not by Loss of vncRS, vex3, or pep27 Function in Streptococcus pneumoniae ... d-Alanyl-d-Alanine Ligase as a Broad-Host-Range Counterselection Marker in Vancomycin-Resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria Shenwei ... vanE Gene Cluster of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis BM4405 Lorena Abadía Patiño, Patrice Courvalin, Bruno Perichon ... Mechanism of Intrinsic Resistance to Vancomycin in Clostridium innocuum NCIB 10674 Véronique David, Bülent Bozdogan, Jean-Luc ...
https://jb.asm.org/keyword/vancomycin-resistance
DailyMed - VANCOCIN- vancomycin hydrochloride capsuleDailyMed - VANCOCIN- vancomycin hydrochloride capsule
VANCOCIN® (vancomycin hydrochloride capsules USP), Equiv. to 250 mg vancomycin. NDC 62559-311-20. Rx Only. 20 Capsules. ... VANCOCIN® (vancomycin hydrochloride capsules USP), Equiv. to 125 mg vancomycin. NDC 62559-310-20. Rx Only. 20 Capsules. ... Vancomycin was found in cord blood. No sensorineural hearing loss or nephrotoxicity attributable to vancomycin was noted. One ... The capsules contain vancomycin hydrochloride USP equivalent to 125 mg (0.08 mmol) or 250 mg (0.17 mmol) vancomycin. The ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a078d9c2-f89c-4f9f-8ded-60ffb2983c3f&audience=consumer
Vancomycin-Resistant EnterococcusVancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
The effect of vancomycin and third-generation cephalosporins on prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in 126 U.S. ... 5. Rubinstein E, Keynan Y. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Crit Care Clin. 2013;29:841-852. 6. Mazuski JE. Vancomycin- ... ABSTRACT: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections in the United States. ... Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus. Melissa Palchak, PharmD. Postdoctoral Fellow, Medical Affairs. Northeastern University Bouvé ...
https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/vancomycinresistant-enterococcus
KEGG DRUG: VancomycinKEGG DRUG: Vancomycin
A07AA09 Vancomycin. D00212 Vancomycin (USP). J ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE. J01 ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE. J01X OTHER ... J01XA01 Vancomycin. D00212 Vancomycin (USP). USP drug classification [BR:br08302]. Antibacterials. Antibacterials, Other. ... Vancomycin makes complex formation with D-alanyl-D-alanine of Peptidoglycan, and inhibites cross-link between protein and ...
https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?dr:D00212+-kcf
EnterococciInfectionsEnterococcusAntibioticsBacteriaAureusStrainsHydrochloride for InjectionIsolatesInjectionMRSASusceptibility to VancomycinSide effects of vancomycinDoseSusceptibleIntravenouslyIntravenousEfficacy of vancomycinDifferent types of vancomycin resistanceVRSATarget vancomycinGenesNephrotoxicityLinezolidClostridiumOrganismsTherapeuticVancocin HClAllergicSerumClinical use of vancomycinPatients treated with vancomycinTeicoplaninActive ingredient vancomycinDetect vancomycin resistanceMarketed vancomycin hydrochlorideMICsClinicallyPenicillinSold in 1954Form of vancomycinDays of vancomycinDoses of vancomycinCoagulase-negative stapMetronidazole vs VancomycinConcentrations of vancomycinAdministration of vancomycin
Enterococci28
  • The increasing emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci has resulted in the development of guidelines for use by the Centers for Disease Control Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vancomycin destroys Gram-positive bacteria, especially staphylococci and enterococci (see Gram's stain ). (encyclopedia.com)
  • This transposon, Tn1546, confers vanA-type vancomycin resistance in enterococci. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vancomycin resistant enterococci healthcare associated infections. (nih.gov)
  • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are among the most common healthcare associated multidrug-resistant organisms. (nih.gov)
  • Although with some methodological limits, several studies showed that infections caused by VRE are more serious and associated to a higher mortality rate and economic burden compared to those caused by vancomycin susceptible enterococci (VSE). (nih.gov)
  • VRE are enterococci that have become resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin . (rxlist.com)
  • In recent decades, however, some enterococci have become resistant to vancomycin. (rxlist.com)
  • The new strains are called vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). (rxlist.com)
  • This functional group causes the bacterial cell membrane to become permeable, rendering the analog highly potent against vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (minimum inhibitory concentration = 0.01-0.005 μg/mL). (pnas.org)
  • Moreover, the analog exhibits a negligible tendency to induce resistance, as demonstrated by serial exposure at a sublethal level to vancomycin-resistant Enterococci over a period of 50 d. (pnas.org)
  • Vancomycin is effective against most Gram-positive cocci and bacilli with the exception of rare organisms as well as enterococci that became vancomycin resistant, mostly Enterococcus faecium . (frontiersin.org)
  • The major use of vancomycin today is for infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) and amoxicillin-resistant enterococci. (frontiersin.org)
  • A large academic medical center with a high prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). (nih.gov)
  • Since the first reports of glycopeptide resistant enterococci (GRE) in 1987, concern has been expressed about enterococcal van genes, which encode vancomycin resistance, reaching Staphylococcus aureus. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), are bacterial strains of the genus Enterococcus that are resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • To become vancomycin-resistant, vancomycin-sensitive enterococci typically obtain new DNA in the form of plasmids or transposons which encode genes that confer vancomycin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • This report published in Communicable Diseases Intelligence Volume 22, No 11, 29 October 1998 contains information on enterococci with acquired resistance to vancomycin and other glycopeptides, which has emerged and spread rapidly through Europe and the United States since 1988. (health.gov.au)
  • Enterococci with acquired resistance to vancomycin and other glycopeptides (VRE) have emerged and spread rapidly through Europe and the United States since 1988. (health.gov.au)
  • From April 1, 2014, to March 31, 2015, 89 healthcare facilities took part in the surveillance of healthcare-associated vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections, for a combined total of 4,839,578 patient days (Table 1). (inspq.qc.ca)
  • Since 1989, a rapid increase in the incidence of infection and colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has been reported by U.S. hospitals. (cdc.gov)
  • From 1989 through 1993, the percentage of nosocomial enterococcal infections reported to CDC's National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system that were caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) increased from 0.3% to 7.9% (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Vancomycin resistance in enterococci has coincided with the increasing incidence of high-level enterococcal resistance to penicillin and aminoglycosides, thus presenting a challenge for physicians who treat patients who have infections caused by these microorganisms (1,4). (cdc.gov)
  • The spokesperson for Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH) announced today (September 30) that due to the rising trend of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) carriers screened in the hospital in recent months, pan-screening of VRE carriers will commence today upon expert microbiologist advice. (gov.hk)
  • Effects on the Emergence and Transmission of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci After Changes in Antibiotic Use in a Hematology Unit. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Widespread use of antimicrobials, such as vancomycin, is a major contributing factor for the emergence of vancomycin-resistant organisms, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (cdc.gov)
  • To determine whether eating Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in the form of commercially available yoghurt improves clearance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). (mja.com.au)
  • Over the past 10-15 years, there has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). (mja.com.au)
Infections53
  • Vancomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections . (wikipedia.org)
  • Vancomycin is indicated for the treatment of serious, life-threatening infections by Gram-positive bacteria unresponsive to other antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Continued infection control and appropriate antibiotic use are infections are resistant to vancomycin, reducing important to maintain decreases in VRE infections. (cdc.gov)
  • vancomycin (vank-oh- my -sin) n. an antibiotic that is effective against most Gram-positive organisms and is used for treating serious infections due to strains that are resistant to other antibiotics. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Vancomycin is an antimicrobial drug that is used to treat serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria . (labtestsonline.org)
  • Vancomycin is given intravenously (by injection into a vein) to treat infections such as septicemia , endocarditis , infection of the bone (osteomyelitis), some pneumonias , and meningitis . (labtestsonline.org)
  • Vancomycin will not kill bacteria or treat infections in any other part of the body when taken by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Vancomycin injection is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat certain serious infections such as endocarditis (infection of the heart lining and valves), peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of the abdomen), and infections of the lungs, skin, blood, and bones. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Antibiotics such as vancomycin injection will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. (nih.gov)
  • Vancomycin is U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for treatment of serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or in individuals who have failed, cannot tolerate, or are allergic to other antibiotics. (hindawi.com)
  • Vancomycin eliminates bacteria that cause many kinds of infections, including pneumonia and skin, bone, blood, and heart valve infections. (empowher.com)
  • They are resistant to several antibiotics, but in the past, physicians could rely on the drug vancomycin to effectively treat enterococcal infections. (rxlist.com)
  • Approximately 30% of all enterococcal infections are now caused by vancomycin-resistant strains (VRE). (rxlist.com)
  • For most infections, Vancomycin Alphapharm is given in divided doses throughout the day. (news-medical.net)
  • ABSTRACT: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections in the United States. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) have rapidly emerged as a predominant concern, particularly among vulnerable patient populations. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Vancomycin injection is used to treat severe infections that are resistant to certain other antibiotics. (cigna.com)
  • Vancomycin is also used to treat serious infections in people who are allergic to penicillin. (cigna.com)
  • Vancomycin Hydrochloride for Injection, USP is indicated for the treatment of serious or severe infections caused by susceptible strains of methicillin-resistant (β-lactam-resistant) staphylococci. (cnbc.com)
  • It is indicated for penicillin-allergic patients, for patients who cannot receive or who have failed to respond to other drugs, including the penicillins or cephalosporins, and for infections caused by vancomycin-susceptible organisms that are resistant to other antimicrobial drugs. (cnbc.com)
  • Persons that developed VISA and VRSA infections had several underlying health conditions (such as diabetes and kidney disease), previous infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), tubes going into their bodies (such as intravenous [IV] catheters), recent hospitalizations, and recent exposure to vancomycin and other antimicrobial agents. (medic8.com)
  • Vancomycin is also used to treat infections in other parts of the body, and infections in people with heart valve disease or artificial heart valves who are allergic to penicillin. (everydayhealth.com)
  • in particular, in cases of relapse or where the infection is unresponsive to metronidazole treatment (for this indication, vancomycin is given orally, rather than by its typical intravenous route) For treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive microorganisms in patients with serious allergies to beta-lactam antimicrobials. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vancomycin is considered a last resort medication for the treatment of sepsis and lower respiratory tract, skin, and bone infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infections that are not caused by bacteria, such as colds, flu or viral infections, cannot be treated with vancomycin. (sharecare.com)
  • Vancomycin remains the first-line agent for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococcal infections, including bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, cellulitis, and osteomyelitis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Vancomycin can cause a decrease in the white blood cells, making the body more prone to infections. (livestrong.com)
  • The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDS) released a consensus guideline for monitoring vancomycin in the treatment of serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • This is a change, as previously monitoring vancomycin use for most infections only required trough sampling. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • The guidelines cite the limited number of studies supporting the previously recommended trough range of 15-20 mg/L for serious infections and the emerging evidence that troughs may not be as well correlated to AUC values as once thought as reasons for the major change in vancomycin dosing targets. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • BACKGROUND At our institution, empirical vancomycin is overused in children with suspected bacterial community-acquired infections (CAIs) admitted to the PICU because of high community rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). (aappublications.org)
  • Proven S aureus infections for which vancomycin was not empirically prescribed and linezolid or clindamycin use were balancing measures. (aappublications.org)
  • As many serious infections are not yet resistant to vancomycin, the drug is often useful for patients who have bacterial infections that are resistant to other drugs. (wisegeek.com)
  • In the United States, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium was associated with 4% of healthcare-associated infections reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network from January 2006 to October 2007. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vancomycin is also used to treat staph infections that can cause inflammation of the colon and small intestines. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Oral vancomycin works only in the intestines and will not treat infections in other parts of the body. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Intra-wound application of vancomycin powder may increase GR (-) wound infections: A case-control study. (springer.com)
  • Vancomycin can be administered either intravenously or orally, but in order to treat systemic infections, vancomycin must be administered intravenously. (novapublishers.com)
  • This increase poses important problems, including a) the lack of available antimicrobial therapy for VRE infections, because most VRE are also resistant to drugs previously used to treat such infections (e.g., aminoglycosides and ampicillin), and b) the possibility that the vancomycin-resistant genes present in VRE can be transferred to other gram-positive microorganisms (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • Vancomycin (INN) (pronounced /ˌvæŋkɵˈmaɪsɪn/) is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Vancomycin remains the drug of choice for these infections. (asm.org)
  • Children given high-dose intravenous infusions of the antibiotic vancomycin for drug-resistant bacterial infections face an increased risk for kidney damage, US researchers have warned. (nursingtimes.net)
  • Vancomycin is used to treat enterococcal infections that develop in patients following abdominal surgery. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of both hospital- and community-acquired infections worldwide, and the antimicrobial agent vancomycin has been used to treat many S. aureus infections, particularly those caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). (cdc.gov)
  • Editorial Note: Since the 1980s, when MRSA emerged in the United States, vancomycin has been the last uniformly effective antimicrobial available for treatment of serious S. aureus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 , 2 The two most common species, Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium , can harbour vanA and vanB genes, which encode resistance to vancomycin and have been implicated in the development of persistent, transmissible nosocomial infections that may be associated with poor outcomes. (mja.com.au)
  • Based upon this favorable institutional experience, vancomycin remains the first-line treatment for suspected severe gram-positive cocci infections as well as proven infections involving MRSA at Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital. (the-hospitalist.org)
  • Because vancomycin-resistant staphylococci are very rare, vancomycin has long been considered the gold standard for treating MRSA infections. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Unfortunately, despite its in vitro activity, when vancomycin is used as single-drug therapy to treat MRSA infections, cure rates in serious infections have been very disappointing. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • In treating nonserious MRSA infections, such as wounds, skin, and urinary-tract infections (UTIs), in addition to slow cure rates and failures, vancomycin is practically and economically burdensome. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • More recently, although it is ineffective single-drug therapy for treating staphylococcal infections, numerous studies have shown that when rifampin is combined with vancomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (trimeth/sulfa), minocycline, or ciprofloxacin, the resulting in vivo synergy markedly improves clinical outcomes. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Sixty to 76 percent of surveyed infectious disease specialists indicate that they use vancomycin as first-line treatment for bloodstream infections (BSIs), complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) suspected to be or confirmed to involve MRSA. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Enterococcus12
  • In vitro and in vivo experiments reported in 1992 demonstrated that vancomycin resistance genes from Enterococcus faecalis could be transferred by gene transfer to S. aureus, conferring high-level vancomycin resistance to S. aureus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vancomycin MICs of the VRSA isolate were consistent with the VanA phenotype of Enterococcus species, and the presence of the vanA gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The DNA sequence of the VRSA vanA gene was identical to that of a vancomycin-resistant strain of Enterococcus faecalis recovered from the same catheter tip. (wikipedia.org)
  • The two main species that cause problems are vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis . (rxlist.com)
  • Vancomycin resistance is acquired when a sensitive Enterococcus acquires a special piece of DNA called a plasmid that permits the bacteria to become resistant to vancomycin. (rxlist.com)
  • A deadly "superbug" called vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is a strain of bacteria that infects about 20,000 people each year in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (everydayhealth.com)
  • A panel of Enterococcus strains which have been tested for resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. (atcc.org)
  • Six different types of vancomycin resistance are shown by enterococcus: Van-A, Van-B, Van-C, Van-D, Van-E and Van-G. The significance is that Van-A VRE is resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin, Van-B VRE is resistant to vancomycin but susceptible to teicoplanin, and Van-C is only partly resistant to vancomycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism of resistance to vancomycin found in enterococcus involves the alteration of the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Black colonies should be identified as an enterococcus to species level and further confirmed as vancomycin resistant by an MIC method before reporting as VRE. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis (VRE) were first described in Britain in 1988 and soon afterwards were reported from other European countries and the United States. (health.gov.au)
  • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) is a bacteria that generally infects the blood, urinary tract and wounds. (yourlawyer.com)
Antibiotics22
  • Vancomycin is in a class of medications called glycopeptide antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you stop taking vancomycin too soon or miss doses, your infection may not be completely cured and bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Vancomycin belongs to a group of antibiotics called glycopeptides. (netdoctor.co.uk)
  • Metronidazole and vancomycin are antibiotics used to treat Clostridium difficile diarrhea . (medicinenet.com)
  • 5,6 Additional risk factors include prolonged stay in a hospital or healthcare facility, presence of invasive devices such as bladder catheters, and exposure to certain antibiotics, such as vancomycin, third-generation cephalosporins, and antianaerobic agents. (uspharmacist.com)
  • It has traditionally been reserved as a drug of "last resort", used only after treatment with other antibiotics had failed, although the emergence of vancomycin-resistant organisms means that it is increasingly being displaced from this role by linezolid and the carbapenems . (bionity.com)
  • Vancomycin ( Fig. 1 ) is the prototypical member of the glycopeptide family of antibiotics. (pnas.org)
  • Stopping vancomycin too soon or missing a dose may prevent your infection from being completely cured, as bacteria such as VRE can become resistant to antibiotics (see above). (everydayhealth.com)
  • Vancomycin is one of the older antibiotics that has been now in clinical use close to 60 years. (frontiersin.org)
  • No patient not prescribed empirical vancomycin later required the addition of vancomycin or other MRSA-targeted antibiotics. (aappublications.org)
  • A fraction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) shows resistance to vancomycin (VCM) in the presence of β-lactam antibiotics (BIVR) at low concentrations. (nature.com)
  • 1 These patients are likely to be treated with a combination of vancomycin (VCM) and β-lactam antibiotics, such as carbapenem, because Gram-negative bacteria are intrinsically resistant to VCM. (nature.com)
  • As well as potential genetic causes, other antibiotics can work in conjunction with vancomycin and increase the risk of Redman syndrome. (wisegeek.com)
  • Examples of these antibiotics, which a doctor may administer along with vancomycin, include ciprofloxacin and amphotericinB. (wisegeek.com)
  • Vancomycin is often considered the antiobiotic of last resort, if other antibiotics have failed to do the job. (medgadget.com)
  • Patients admitted to the hospital for the common bacterial skin infection cellulitis should be treated as a first line of defense with the potent antibiotic drug vancomycin rather than other antibiotics such as penicillin, according to a Henry Ford Hospital study. (innovations-report.com)
  • For some time, medical practice guidelines have been ambiguous about whether vancomycin or so-called B-lactam antibiotics like penicillin or cephalosporins was the more appropriate therapy for treating patients admitted for cellulitis. (innovations-report.com)
  • The Henry Ford study found that 226 patients treated intravenously with vancomycin between December 2005 and October 2008 fared better and were discharged on average one day earlier than 199 patients treated intravenously with the B-lactam antibiotics. (innovations-report.com)
  • Vancomycin belongs to the group of medications known as antibiotics . (medbroadcast.com)
  • Vancomycin is the antibiotic of last resort and is only given when all other treatments fail," said Wright, who holds the Canada Research Chair in Molecular Studies of Antibiotics and an endowed research Chair in Infection and Anti-Infective Research. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Most antibiotics work by inhibiting an enzyme but vancomycin binds to cell wall building blocks, causing a weakness in the structure of the cell wall so the cell bursts and dies. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Because many MRSA isolates test clindamycin-resistant, susceptibility reports using the standard Gram-positive panels list vancomycin and linezolid as the only antibiotics to which the offender is sensitive. (thefreelibrary.com)
Bacteria26
  • Vancomycin is used to treat colitis (inflammation of the intestine caused by certain bacteria) that may occur after antibiotic treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One concern is that VRE strains appear able to transfer vancomycin resistance to unrelated bacteria such as MRSA ( methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ) and these strains are renamed VRSA. (rxlist.com)
  • The vancomycin resistance in the bacteria are caused by a plasmid, a fragment of genetic material that allows the bacteria to be resistant to vancomycin. (rxlist.com)
  • Vancomycin is only effective against gram-positive bacteria. (medicinenet.com)
  • Vancomycin is an antibiotic that fights bacteria. (cigna.com)
  • Vancomycin acts by inhibiting proper cell wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. (bionity.com)
  • The mechanism inhibited, and various factors related to entering the outer membrane of Gram-negative organisms mean that vancomycin is not active against Gram-negative bacteria (except some non-gonococcal species of Neisseria). (bionity.com)
  • Despite almost 60 y of clinical use, vancomycin-resistant bacteria have been relatively slow to emerge. (pnas.org)
  • 5 ). Vancomycin is susceptible to resistance in bacteria that can use the ester d -Ala- d -Lac instead of the amide d -Ala- d -Ala in construction of their cell walls. (pnas.org)
  • The analog combines a binding-pocket modification that enables binding to the cell wall precursors of both vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant bacteria with peripheral modifications that permit the agent to attack bacteria by two additional mechanisms. (pnas.org)
  • Previous work from the authors' group involved removing the carbonyl in vancomycin that clashes with the ester oxygen in d -Ala- d -Lac, resulting in an analog that is potent against both vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant bacteria. (pnas.org)
  • Clearly, it is extremely difficult for bacteria to resist the three distinct yet synergistic mechanisms (i.e., dual d -Ala- d -Ala/ d -Ala- d -Lac binding, transglycosylase inhibition, and cell membrane permeabililty) of the third-generation vancomycin analog. (pnas.org)
  • While most staph bacteria are susceptible to the antimicrobial agent vancomycin some have developed resistance. (medic8.com)
  • Despite the drug's potency, some bacteria have now developed a resistance to vancomycin. (everydayhealth.com)
  • vancomycin does not cure the patient and success is limited Treatment of endophthalmitis by intravitreal injection for gram-positive bacteria coverage. (wikipedia.org)
  • The minimum inhibitory concentration susceptibility data for a few medically significant bacteria are: S. aureus: 0.25 μg/ml to 4.0 μg/ml S. aureus (methicillin resistant or MRSA): 1 μg/ml to 138 μg/ml S. epidermidis: ≤0.12 μg/ml to 6.25 μg/ml Serum vancomycin levels may be monitored in an effort to reduce side effects, although the value of such monitoring has been questioned. (wikipedia.org)
  • But the emergence of vancomycin-resistant bacteria is becoming a major health problem. (medgadget.com)
  • Vancomycin works by binding the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminal dipeptide of peptidoglycan precursors, used by bacteria for constructing their cell walls. (medgadget.com)
  • The reengineered vancomycin can bind the altered peptidoglycan and kill the bacteria once again using the same mechanism as described above. (medgadget.com)
  • Oral (taken by mouth) vancomycin fights bacteria in the intestines . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • When vancomycin is taken by mouth , it stays in the intestines to stop the growth of bacteria that cause these symptoms. (webmd.com)
  • and increasing concern regarding the efficacy of vancomycin for the treatment of infection due to gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureous . (novapublishers.com)
  • The glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin was introduced clinically in 1958 for the treatment of gram-positive bacteria. (asm.org)
  • Enterococcal bacteria first developed resistance to vancomycin in 1986 and the first case of vancomycin-resistant MRSA (VMRSA) was reported in 2002. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Wright and his team studied the vancomycin-resistance mechanism in the harmless soil bacteria Streptomyces coelicolor. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The scientists showed that bacteria detect vancomycin itself. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Aureus34
  • In particular, vancomycin should not be used to treat methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus because it is inferior to penicillins such as nafcillin . (wikipedia.org)
  • Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are strains of Staphylococcus aureus that have become resistant to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Three classes of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus have emerged that differ in vancomycin susceptibilities: vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA), heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA), and high-level vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). (wikipedia.org)
  • High-level vancomycin resistance in S. aureus has been rarely reported. (wikipedia.org)
  • is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that gives resistance to vancomycin at a frequency of 10−6 colonies or even higher. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, when performing automated susceptibility testing of S. aureus strains, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus , laboratories should include a vancomycin-agar screening plate containing 6 µ g/mL of vancomycin and examine the plate for growth after 24-hour incubation. (cdc.gov)
  • Isolation of S. aureus with confirmed or presumptive vancomycin resistance should be reported immediately through state and local health departments to the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, telephone 800-893-0485. (cdc.gov)
  • The original indication for vancomycin was for the treatment of penicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus . (bionity.com)
  • Intermediate or high-level resistance of the S. aureus isolate to vancomycin, detected and defined according to NCCLS* approved standards and recommendations (MIC: 8-16 µg/ml for VISA and MIC:≥32 µg/ml for VRSA). (cdc.gov)
  • A clinically compatible case of vancomycin-intermediate or vancomycin-resistant S. aureus that is laboratory-confirmed (MIC: 8-16 µg/ml for VISA and MIC: ≥32 µg/ml for VRSA). (cdc.gov)
  • Data to be collected: A standardized data collection form should be used for all reported vancomycin-intermediate or vancomycin-resistant S. aureus through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. (cdc.gov)
  • With S. aureus , there are only a handful of vancomycin-resistant strains. (frontiersin.org)
  • Boston, MA -- ( SBWIRE ) -- 12/10/2014 -- Global Markets Direct's, 'Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection (VRSA) - Pipeline Review, H2 2014', provides an overview of the Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection (VRSA)'s therapeutic pipeline. (sbwire.com)
  • This report provides comprehensive information on the therapeutic development for Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection (VRSA), complete with comparative analysis at various stages, therapeutics assessment by drug target, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type, along with latest updates, and featured news and press releases. (sbwire.com)
  • It also reviews key players involved in the therapeutic development for Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection (VRSA) and special features on late-stage and discontinued projects. (sbwire.com)
  • Around the world in 1997, initial reports of reduced vancomycin susceptibility in clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus generated significant concern in the medical community. (novapublishers.com)
  • Vancomycin is used in patients with severe burns and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. (biomedsearch.com)
  • The antibiotic linezolid may be more effective than vancomycin in treating ventilated patients who develop methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia as a result of their ventilation, according to a study conducted globally by American and French researchers. (news-medical.net)
  • Since the discovery of the vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strain Mu50 (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] 8 mg/L), there has been concern about the potential spread of such strains throughout Japanese hospitals. (nih.gov)
  • The vancomycin susceptibilities of three methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) strains (Mu50, Mu3, and H1) and the methicillin-susceptible S aureus type strain FDA209P were compared by MIC determinations and population analysis. (nih.gov)
  • We report the case of a woman infected with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus who was twice successfully hyposensitized to vancomycin after she had a severe systemic allergic reaction to the drug. (annals.org)
  • SUMMARY Vancomycin resistance has been reported in clinical isolates of both coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus . (asm.org)
  • This article reviews the major epidemiologic, microbiologic, and clinical characteristics of vancomycin resistance in both coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus . (asm.org)
  • The review begins with a discussion of issues common to both coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus , such as definitions, laboratory detection of vancomycin resistance, and infection control issues related to vancomycin-resistant staphylococci. (asm.org)
  • A very different response greeted the first report of decreased susceptibility to vancomycin in S. aureus in 1997 (13, 35 ). (asm.org)
  • However, since vancomycin resistance in S. aureus is the major problem from both a clinical and public health standpoint, it will serve as the focus of the article. (asm.org)
  • This phenomenon, which is seen in both coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus , refers to the variability of vancomycin susceptibilities among subpopulations of single isolate. (asm.org)
  • The article by Edmond and colleagues [1] on control of emergent vancomycin-resistant S. aureus is contrary to experience with the epidemiology and transmission of methicillin-resistant S. aureus . (annals.org)
  • Lundstrom T, Bartley J, Flanagan E. Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus . (annals.org)
  • This report describes the first isolation of VISA from a patient in the United States, which may be an early warning that S. aureus strains with full resistance to vancomycin will emerge. (cdc.gov)
  • This report documents the emergence of VISA in the United States and may signal the eventual emergence of S. aureus strains with full resistance to vancomycin. (cdc.gov)
  • Detailed recommendations for the prevention, detection, and control of S. aureus strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin are outlined in 'Interim Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Staphylococcal Infection Associated with Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin,' published previously in MMWR (4). (cdc.gov)
  • LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA - Staphylococcus aureus resistance to vancomycin is not a one-way street ending in a cliff plunge, as demonstrated by the encouraging experience at a German university children's hospital , Johannes Huebner, MD, reported at the annual meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases. (the-hospitalist.org)
  • These vancomycin MIC and hGISA data underscore the importance of periodically monitoring local S. aureus antimicrobial susceptibilities, which, as in this case, can differ from the broader global trends. (the-hospitalist.org)
Strains6
  • These bacterial strains present a thickening of the cell wall, which is believed to reduce the ability of vancomycin to diffuse into the division septum of the cell required for effective vancomycin treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • All clinical strains were examined by PCR to confirm species and to test for the presence of known vancomycin-resistance genes. (health.gov.au)
  • In order to characterise these strains further we have developed multiplex PCR assays for vanA, vanB, vanC1 and vanC2/3 , 9 and have used these to examine the genetic basis for vancomycin resistance in Australian isolates of VRE. (health.gov.au)
  • To accurately detect staphylococci with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, antimicrobial susceptibility should be determined with a quantitative method (broth dilution, agar dilution, or agar gradient diffusion) using a full 24 hours of incubation at 95 F (35 C). Strains of staphylococci with vancomycin MICs of 8 ug/mL were not detected using disk-diffusion procedures. (cdc.gov)
  • As almost all strains of lactobacilli are resistant to vancomycin 5 , 6 and probiotics have been used with some success in preventing colonisation by enteric pathogens during treatment for Clostridium difficile , 7 we attempted to determine whether probiotics might reduce bowel colonisation by VRE. (mja.com.au)
  • The strains were tested for vancomycin resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). (the-hospitalist.org)
Hydrochloride for Injection1
  • SCHAUMBURG, Ill., April 13, 2015 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq:SGNT) today announced the launch of Vancomycin Hydrochloride for Injection, USP, an anti-infective, in a 10 gram preservative-free pharmacy bulk package presentation. (cnbc.com)
Isolates6
  • Control measures aimed at reducing the incidence of VRE colonization and infection in healthcare settings should include: hand washing with an antiseptic or a waterless antiseptic agent, routine screening for vancomycin resistance among clinical isolates, rectal surveillance cultures, contact isolation for patients with VRE and antimicrobial stewardship. (nih.gov)
  • Although patients with VRE bacteremia demonstrated higher mortality rates than patients with infection due to susceptible isolates, vancomycin resistance was not an independent predictor of mortality in these patients and likely serves more as a marker of underlying severity of illness. (nih.gov)
  • High-level vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium are clinical isolates first documented in the 1980s. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4 Since March 1996 multiple isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis have occurred throughout Australia. (health.gov.au)
  • The prevalence of MRSA isolates heterogeneously resistant to vancomycin was 20% in Juntendo University Hospital, 9.3% in the other seven university hospitals, and 1.3% in non-university hospitals or clinics. (nih.gov)
  • NCCLS guidelines define staphylococci for which the MIC of vancomycin is ≤4 μg/ml to be susceptible, while isolates for which the MIC is 8 to 16 μg/ml are intermediate and those for which the MIC is ≥32 μg/ml are resistant ( 45 ). (asm.org)
Injection13
  • Vancomycin injection comes as a powder to be added to fluid and injected intravenously (into a vein). (medlineplus.gov)
  • You may experience a reaction while you receive a dose of vancomycin injection, usually during your infusion or soon after your infusion has completed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tell your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms while you receive vancomycin injection: dizziness, wheezing, shortness of breath, itching, hives, flushing of the upper body, or muscle pain or spasm of the chest and back. (medlineplus.gov)
  • You may receive vancomycin injection in a hospital or you may use the medication at home. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you are using vancomycin injection at home, use it at around the same time every day. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Use vancomycin injection exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you will be using vancomycin injection at home, your healthcare provider will show you how to infuse the medication. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ask your healthcare provider what to do if you have any problems infusing vancomycin injection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • You should begin feeling better during the first few days of your treatment with vancomycin injection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Use vancomycin injection until you finish the prescription, even if you feel better. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you become pregnant while using vancomycin injection, call your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are receiving vancomycin injection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Vancomycin injection may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
MRSA11
  • For people with MRSA bacteremia in the setting of vancomycin failure the IDSA recommends high-dose daptomycin, if the isolate is susceptible, in combination with another agent (e.g. gentamicin, rifampin, linezolid, TMP-SMX, or a beta-lactam antibiotic). (wikipedia.org)
  • Blood cultures and cultures from right thoracentesis specimens revealed MRSA bacteremia and empyema, respectively, for which the patient was started on vancomycin 1 gm IV q 12 hours. (hindawi.com)
  • For Bacterial Infection As a last resort I was placed on Vancomycin every 12 hrs for 7 wks to treat a post surgical MRSA staph infection. (drugs.com)
  • METHODS Empirical PICU vancomycin indications for suspected CAIs were developed by using epidemiological risk factors for MRSA. (aappublications.org)
  • In this study, researchers recruited 286 patients with MRSA VAP and patients were randomized to treatment with either vancomycin or linezolid. (news-medical.net)
  • H1 (MIC 2 mg/L), which is a representative vancomycin-susceptible MRSA strain, was isolated from a patient with pneumonia who responded favourably to vancomycin therapy. (nih.gov)
  • This finding could explain, at least partly, the frequent therapeutic failure of MRSA infection with vancomycin in Japan. (nih.gov)
  • During January 1996-June 1997, the patient had been treated with multiple courses of both intraperitoneal and intravenous vancomycin for repeated episodes of MRSA-associated peritonitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Vancomycin MICs weren't significantly different between the MRSA and MSSA samples. (the-hospitalist.org)
  • No mercy for MRSA: treatment alternatives to vancomycin and linezolid. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • However, despite increased usage, comparable efficacy to vancomycin in various indications and delivery advantages over vancomycin, neither Zyvox nor Cubicin have been able to supplant vancomycin as the preferred MRSA therapy in the hospital setting. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Susceptibility to Vancomycin1
  • When grown in a drug-free medium, Mu3 produced subpopulation of cells with varying degrees of vancomycin resistance, thus demonstrating natural heterogeneity, or variability, in susceptibility to vancomycin. (nih.gov)
Side effects of vancomycin5
  • Side effects of vancomycin that are different from metronidazole include low blood potassium ( hypokalemia ), swelling of the extremities, tiredness , fever , gas , urinary tract infection ( UTI ), and back pain . (medicinenet.com)
  • Levomilnacipran the possible side effects of vancomycin? (cigna.com)
  • Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the side effects of vancomycin, which may increase their risk for hearing problems or kidney damage. (everydayhealth.com)
  • What are the possible side effects of vancomycin? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Common side effects of vancomycin hydrochloride may include nausea, dizziness, back pain, and muscle pain. (sharecare.com)
Dose11
  • The amount of vancomycin given per dose depends on a variety of factors, including kidney function, other nephrotoxic drugs the person may be taking, age, and weight. (labtestsonline.org)
  • This dose provided a vancomycin steady state serum trough concentration of 13.3 mcg/mL. (hindawi.com)
  • Your doctor will decide what dose of vancomycin you will receive and how long you will receive it for. (news-medical.net)
  • Your dose of vancomycin will depend on the strength of the medicine, the number of doses you take daily, and the amount of time you will use the drug. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Once kidney compromise is indicated, vancomycin may be put on hold for a couple of doses and then restarted at a lower dose or the same dose taken less frequently. (livestrong.com)
  • Advantages of these include the ability to collect vancomycin in the first 24-48 hours of therapy rather than having to wait until steady-state was achieved, which has traditionally been viewed as after the third maintenance dose. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • In these patients, a 15-20 mg/king loading dose followed by a daily maintenance dose of 30-40 mg/kg (up to 60 mg/kg) administered via continuous infusion with a target steady-state vancomycin level of 20-25 mg/L may be considered. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • The empiric daily dose of vancomycin should not exceed 3600 mg in children with good kidney function and most children will not need more than 3000 mg per day. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Our data also suggest that we remain uncertain how to optimally dose vancomycin for pneumonia. (news-medical.net)
  • The review of trials found that low dose continuous infusions, or low dose intermittent administration, of vancomycin reduce the risk of a baby getting sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit. (cochrane.org)
  • A number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of prophylactic low dose vancomycin given either as a continuous infusion added to the infant's hyperalimentation fluid or by intermittent intravenous administration. (cochrane.org)
Susceptible1
Intravenously2
  • Vancomycin must be administered intravenously because it is not absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. (encyclopedia.com)
  • If you are receiving vancomycin intravenously (in your vein), you probably will be told to store it in the refrigerator or freezer. (empowher.com)
Intravenous2
  • We report on a patient who developed pruritus and palpable purpura in both lower extremities after receiving six days of intravenous vancomycin. (hindawi.com)
  • Intravenous (IV) treatment with vancomycin is highly variable. (everydayhealth.com)
Efficacy of vancomycin1
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of vancomycin prophylaxis for the prevention of late-onset sepsis, coagulase negative staphylococcal sepsis, mortality, and effects on length of stay, total vancomycin exposure, evidence of vancomycin toxicity, and the development of vancomycin resistant organisms in the preterm neonate. (cochrane.org)
Different types of vancomycin resistance1
  • Identifying the changes in genome content or expression, which are associated with the acquisition of the different types of vancomycin resistance, is an important step in the process of understanding the molecular basis of resistance with the potential to provide leads both for new drug targets and diagnostic biomarkers. (novapublishers.com)
VRSA6
  • VRSA strain acquired the vancomycin resistance gene cluster vanA from VRE. (wikipedia.org)
  • After notification and subsequent analysis by the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), the isolate was forwarded to CDC, where it was confirmed to be VRSA (vancomycin MIC = 64 µ g/mL, using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution reference method). (cdc.gov)
  • Additional testing at CDC indicated that Microscan ® and Vitek ® (bioMerieux, Hazelwood, Missouri) testing panels and cards available in the United States did not detect vancomycin resistance in this VRSA isolate. (cdc.gov)
  • VISA and VRSA cannot be successfully treated with vancomycin because these organisms are no longer susceptibile to vancomycin. (medic8.com)
  • Two important questions need to be answered: (1) what is the prevalence of VRSA, and (2) by what mechanism does vancomycin resistance occur. (nih.gov)
  • Heterogeneously resistant VRSA is a preliminary stage that allows development into VRSA upon exposure to vancomycin. (nih.gov)
Target vancomycin2
  • We aimed to determine, in young infants, if CIV or intermittent infusions of vancomycin (IIV) better achieves target vancomycin concentrations at the first steady-state level and to compare the frequency of drug-related adverse effects. (aappublications.org)
  • One approach to minimizing the effects of increasing vancomycin use is to target vancomycin treatment to patients with severe disease," they wrote. (thefreelibrary.com)
Genes1
  • The isolate contained both the mecA and vanA genes mediating oxacillin and vancomycin resistance, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Nephrotoxicity4
  • Furthermore, excessive concentrations of vancomycin must be avoided because high levels can result in serious side effects, specifically damage to hearing (ototoxicity) and kidney damage (nephrotoxicity). (labtestsonline.org)
  • 65 years of age, including those with normal renal function prior to treatment, renal function should be monitored during and following treatment with VANCOCIN to detect potential vancomycin induced nephrotoxicity. (nih.gov)
  • Later trials using purer forms of vancomycin found nephrotoxicity is an infrequent adverse effect (0.1% to 1% of patients), but this is accentuated in the presence of aminoglycosides. (wikipedia.org)
  • While vancomycin is relatively a safe agent adverse events include the "red man" syndrome, allergic reactions, and various bone marrow effects as well as nephrotoxicity. (frontiersin.org)
Linezolid7
  • Subsequently, we replaced vancomycin with linezolid. (hindawi.com)
  • At the end of treatment, the researchers found patients treated with linezolid had a clinical success rate of 78.6 percent compared to a 65.9 percent clinical success rate in patients treated with vancomycin. (news-medical.net)
  • At the end of the study, patients treated with linezolid had a clinical success rate of 52.1 percent while those treated with vancomycin had a clinical success rate of 43.4 percent. (news-medical.net)
  • The microbiological success rates with linezolid were 76.6 percent compared to 57.7 percent with vancomycin at end of treatment, and 56.2 percent with linezolid to 47.1 percent with vancomycin at the end of the study. (news-medical.net)
  • Cure rates at the time of finishing treatment were higher in persons treated with linezolid as opposed to vancomycin,' Dr. Shorr said. (news-medical.net)
  • For the many patients in our community who do not have health insurance, both vancomycin and linezolid are extremely unaffordable, making these nonviable treatment options. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • In response to their pleas for vancomycin and linezolid alternatives, queries to colleagues and subsequent multiple literature searches on the Internet resulted in some "hot tips. (thefreelibrary.com)
Clostridium5
  • [5] Vancomycin is also recommended by mouth as a treatment for severe Clostridium difficile colitis . (wikipedia.org)
  • Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used for the treatment of Clostridium difficile diarrhea and staphylococcal enterocolitis. (medicinenet.com)
  • Vancomycin is used to treat an infection of the intestines caused by Clostridium difficile , which can cause watery or bloody diarrhea . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Vancomycin is administered orally for the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis induced by Clostridium difficile. (ijpc.com)
  • TREATING CLOSTRIDIUM difficile infection with vancomycin achieves the same recurrence rates as does treatment with metronidazole, but with a significantly lower 30-day mortality, a study showed. (thefreelibrary.com)
Organisms6
  • Developed in the 1950s, vancomycin was originally prescribed primarily when organisms proved resistant to penicillin or when a person was allergic to penicillin. (labtestsonline.org)
  • The most accurate form of vancomycin susceptibility testing for staphylococci is a nonautomated MIC method (e.g., broth microdilution, agar dilution, or agar-gradient diffusion) in which the organisms are incubated for a full 24 hours before reading results. (cdc.gov)
  • Although there is a theoretical concern regarding the development of resistant organisms with the administration of prophylactic antibiotic, there is insufficient evidence to ascertain the risks of development of vancomycin resistant organisms. (cochrane.org)
  • Data regarding clinical outcomes including the overall incidence of sepsis, the incidence of coagulase negative staphylococcal sepsis, mortality, length of stay, total vancomycin exposure, evidence of vancomycin toxicity, and the development of vancomycin resistant organisms were excerpted from previous clinical trials. (cochrane.org)
  • There was insufficient evidence to ascertain the risks of development of vancomycin resistant organisms in the nurseries involved in these trials. (cochrane.org)
  • The emerging threat of widespread vancomycin resistance poses a serious public health concern given the fact that vancomycin has long been the preferred treatment of antibiotic-resistant gram-positive organisms. (asm.org)
Therapeutic5
  • The vancomycin test can be used to monitor the amount of drug in the blood to ensure that it remains at a therapeutic concentration - that is, adequate but not excessive. (labtestsonline.org)
  • Vancomycin has been a very important tool in our therapeutic armamentarium that remained effective for many years, it is likely remain effective as long as resistance to vancomycin remains controlled. (frontiersin.org)
  • For the first time in 11 years, an updated consensus guideline on the therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin was recently published. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using therapeutic drug monitoring data and a population pharmacokinetic modelling approach employing a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. (biomedsearch.com)
  • This was a retrospective audit assessing vancomycin dosing of 60 mg/kg/day in the attainment of therapeutic concentrations between 10-20 mcg/mL among 56 pediatric oncology patients. (mdpi.com)
Vancocin HCl1
  • Brand names for metronidazole include Flagyl and Flagyl ER and a brand name for vancomycin is Vancocin HCL. (medicinenet.com)
Allergic4
  • tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to vancomycin, or any other medications. (medlineplus.gov)
  • You should not take this medication if you are allergic to vancomycin. (cigna.com)
  • Vancomycin should not be used by anyone who is allergic to vancomycin or to any of the ingredients of the medication. (medbroadcast.com)
  • To the editor: Allergic reactions to vancomycin are not rare and can be serious when a patient is infected by an organism (usually staphylococci) for which there is no satisfactory alternate antibiotic agent (1, 2). (annals.org)
Serum2
  • Serum creatinine values ranged from 0.80 to 1.02 throughout the course of vancomycin therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • range, 4.0-29.8 mg/L). Higher clearance and lower serum vancomycin concentrations in people with severe burn may increase the risk of suboptimal bactericidal action and the development of resistance highlighting the need for dosage individualization. (biomedsearch.com)
Clinical use of vancomycin1
  • 1 The rapid emergence of VRE in the United States has been attributed to the intensive clinical use of vancomycin in both parenteral and oral forms in that country, 2 on a background of high level usage of cephalosporins which promote enterococcal superinfection. (health.gov.au)
Patients treated with vancomycin1
  • However, patients treated with vancomycin had a 14% reduction in 30-day mortality, compared with the metronidazole-treated group. (thefreelibrary.com)
Teicoplanin2
  • Inclusion criteria: Randomized controlled trialsin any language comparing teicoplanin to vancomycin for patientswith proven or suspected infection. (doaj.org)
  • Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed the isolate was sensitive to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and teicoplanin but resistant to ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, cefazolin, and vancomycin. (dovepress.com)
Active ingredient vancomycin1
  • Vancocin capsules contain the active ingredient vancomycin, which is a type of medicine called an antibiotic. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Detect vancomycin resistance1
  • The actual increase in the incidence of VRE in U.S. hospitals might be greater than reported because the fully automated methods used in many clinical laboratories cannot consistently detect vancomycin resistance, especially moderate vancomycin resistance (as manifested in the VanB phenotype) (9-11). (cdc.gov)
Marketed vancomycin hydrochloride1
  • Eli Lilly first marketed vancomycin hydrochloride under the trade name Vancocin . (bionity.com)
MICs1
  • Subclones of Mu3 with increased resistance against vancomycin were selected with serial concentrations of vancomycin and their MICs were determined. (nih.gov)
Clinically3
  • The patient improved clinically, and blood cultures became sterile after three days of vancomycin. (hindawi.com)
  • Few clinically important benefits have been demonstrated for very low birth weight infants treated with prophylactic vancomycin. (cochrane.org)
  • Vancomycin resistance among staphylococci was developed in laboratories even before the drug was in use clinically ( 27 , 83 ). (asm.org)
Penicillin1
  • vancomycin (văn´kōmī´sĬn) , antibiotic resembling penicillin in the way it acts. (encyclopedia.com)
Sold in 19541
Form of vancomycin1
  • The IV form of vancomycin, also based on body weight, is given every 6 hours. (medbroadcast.com)
Days of vancomycin1
  • 001), mean days of vancomycin use (P = .005), and neutropenia (P = .013). (nih.gov)
Doses of vancomycin1
  • Hearing loss is also common in patients concomitantly taking other medications that potentially cause auditory disturbances and patients on excessive doses of vancomycin. (livestrong.com)
Coagulase-negative stap1
  • Unfortunately, this confidence was shattered by the first reports of vancomycin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci in 1979 and 1983 ( 61 , 74 ). (asm.org)
Metronidazole vs Vancomycin1
Concentrations of vancomycin1
  • In the presence of vancomycin, Mu3 produced subclones with resistance roughly proportional to the concentrations of vancomycin used. (nih.gov)
Administration of vancomycin2
  • LAS VEGAS -- Using a "smart pump" that limits the infusion rate during administration of vancomycin led to significant reductions in adverse reactions to the antibiotic, researchers reported here. (medpagetoday.com)
  • New guidelines on the administration of vancomycin allowing higher doses were issued in 2009, and Milner and colleagues noted an uptick in the number of adverse events, particularly red man syndrome, which is often infusion related. (medpagetoday.com)
Which medications in the drug class Antibiotics are used in the treatment of Colitis?
Which medications in the drug class Antibiotics are used in the treatment of Colitis? (medscape.com)
Biggest Threats and Data | Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance | CDC
Biggest Threats and Data | Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance | CDC (cdc.gov)
Amoxicillin/meropenem/vancomycin | SpringerLink
Amoxicillin/meropenem/vancomycin | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Ototoxicity: Overview, Aminoglycosides, Other Antibiotics
Ototoxicity: Overview, Aminoglycosides, Other Antibiotics (emedicine.medscape.com)
Zosyn Injection (Piperacillin and Tazobactam Pharmacy Bulk Vial): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Zosyn Injection (Piperacillin and Tazobactam Pharmacy Bulk Vial): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning (rxlist.com)
Zosyn (Piperacillin and Tazobactam Injection): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses
Zosyn (Piperacillin and Tazobactam Injection): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses (rxlist.com)
Vancomycin | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Vancomycin | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (mskcc.org)
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Permanent Pacemaker Insertion Medication: Antibiotics, Other, Local Anesthetics, Amides (emedicine.medscape.com)
Battling germs that keep getting stronger | CBC News
Battling germs that keep getting stronger | CBC News (cbc.ca)
Vancomycin Alphapharm (vancomycin hydrochloride) Drug / Medicine Information
Vancomycin Alphapharm (vancomycin hydrochloride) Drug / Medicine Information (news-medical.net)
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SAL 729 Pill Images (Gray / Pink / Capsule-shape) (drugs.com)
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LU S02 Pill Images (Blue / Purple / Capsule-shape) (drugs.com)
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Bacterial Pneumonia Medication: Antibiotics, Glucocorticoids, Vaccines (emedicine.medscape.com)
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Pediatric Peritonsillar Abscess Medication: Antibiotics, Analgesic agents (emedicine.medscape.com)
Vancomycin (Intravenous Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic
Vancomycin (Intravenous Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic (mayoclinic.org)
Vancocin capsules (vancomycin)
Vancocin capsules (vancomycin) (netdoctor.co.uk)
NLRP1 restricts butyrate producing commensals to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease | Nature Communications
NLRP1 restricts butyrate producing commensals to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease | Nature Communications (nature.com)
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VRE in Healthcare Settings | HAI | CDC (cdc.gov)
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Antibiotics for Staph Strep Infections | LIVESTRONG.COM (livestrong.com)
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Cures for Staph Infections | LIVESTRONG.COM (livestrong.com)
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Vancomycin-Associated Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis (hindawi.com)
Vancomycin-Intermediate/Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Laboratory Testing Algorithm | HAI | CDC
Vancomycin-Intermediate/Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Laboratory Testing Algorithm | HAI | CDC (cdc.gov)
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use PIPERACILLIN AND TAZOBACTAM FOR INJECTION safely and...
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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, Mexico City - Volume 13, Number 5-May 2007 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
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Figure - Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, Mexico City - Volume 13, Number 5-May 2007 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal -...
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Smart Pumps Cut Vancomycin Reactions | MedPage Today (medpagetoday.com)
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Linezolid Oral Suspension - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses (drugs.com)
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Patient Medications - allnurses (allnurses.com)
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Desensitization to Vancomycin | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians (annals.org)
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