Vaccines. Medical search

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

Two or more vaccines in a single dosage form.

Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.

Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.

Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Vaccines made from antigens arising from any of the four strains of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans, or from P. berghei which causes malaria in rodents.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS. Human vaccines are intended to reduce the incidence of UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS, so they are sometimes considered a type of CANCER VACCINES. They are often composed of CAPSID PROTEINS, especially L1 protein, from various types of ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.

A live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had measles or been immunized with live measles vaccine and have no serum antibodies against measles. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A suspension of killed Bordetella pertussis organisms, used for immunization against pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH). It is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP). There is an acellular pertussis vaccine prepared from the purified antigenic components of Bordetella pertussis, which causes fewer adverse reactions than whole-cell vaccine and, like the whole-cell vaccine, is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing antigenic polysaccharides from Haemophilus influenzae and designed to prevent infection. The vaccine can contain the polysaccharides alone or more frequently polysaccharides conjugated to carrier molecules. It is also seen as a combined vaccine with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine.

An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. bovis, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity.

A suspension of formalin-inactivated poliovirus grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture and used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent and treat RABIES. The inactivated virus vaccine is used for preexposure immunization to persons at high risk of exposure, and in conjunction with rabies immunoglobulin, for postexposure prophylaxis.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with ROTAVIRUS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.

Vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER and/or PARATYPHOID FEVER which are caused by various species of SALMONELLA. Attenuated, subunit, and inactivated forms of the vaccines exist.

A live VACCINIA VIRUS vaccine of calf lymph or chick embryo origin, used for immunization against smallpox. It is now recommended only for laboratory workers exposed to smallpox virus. Certain countries continue to vaccinate those in the military service. Complications that result from smallpox vaccination include vaccinia, secondary bacterial infections, and encephalomyelitis. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat TUBERCULOSIS.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A live, attenuated varicella virus vaccine used for immunization against chickenpox. It is recommended for children between the ages of 12 months and 13 years.

A vaccine consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and whole-cell PERTUSSIS VACCINE. The vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough.

Vaccines used to prevent infection by MUMPS VIRUS. Best known is the live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had mumps or been immunized with live mumps vaccine. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).

Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.

A combined vaccine used to prevent MEASLES; MUMPS; and RUBELLA.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with DENGUE VIRUS. These include live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, and inactivated vaccines.

Vaccines using VIROSOMES as the antigen delivery system that stimulates the desired immune response.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.

A live vaccine containing attenuated poliovirus, types I, II, and III, grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture, used for routine immunization of children against polio. This vaccine induces long-lasting intestinal and humoral immunity. Killed vaccine induces only humoral immunity. Oral poliovirus vaccine should not be administered to immunocompromised individuals or their household contacts. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Vaccine used to prevent YELLOW FEVER. It consists of a live attenuated 17D strain of the YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

A suspension of killed Yersinia pestis used for immunizing people in enzootic plague areas.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.

A live attenuated virus vaccine of duck embryo or human diploid cell tissue culture origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of nonpregnant adolescent and adult females of childbearing age who are unimmunized and do not have serum antibodies to rubella. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Vaccines that are produced by using only the antigenic part of the disease causing organism. They often require a "booster" every few years to maintain their effectiveness.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent SAIDS; (SIMIAN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME); and containing inactivated SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS or type D retroviruses or some of their component antigens.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with SALMONELLA. This includes vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER or PARATYPHOID FEVER; (TYPHOID-PARATYPHOID VACCINES), and vaccines used to prevent nontyphoid salmonellosis.

Vaccines using supra-molecular structures composed of multiple copies of recombinantly expressed viral structural proteins. They are often antigentically indistinguishable from the virus from which they were derived.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER.

An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.

Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.

Combined vaccines consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and an acellular form of PERTUSSIS VACCINE. At least five different purified antigens of B. pertussis have been used in various combinations in these vaccines.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS.

Organized services to administer immunization procedures in the prevention of various diseases. The programs are made available over a wide range of sites: schools, hospitals, public health agencies, voluntary health agencies, etc. They are administered to an equally wide range of population groups or on various administrative levels: community, municipal, state, national, international.

Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.

A combined vaccine used to prevent infection with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. This is used in place of DTP vaccine (DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE) when PERTUSSIS VACCINE is contraindicated.

Vaccines used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS. They include inactivated (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, INACTIVATED) and oral vaccines (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL).

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat both enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with WEST NILE VIRUS.

Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) caused by species of SHIGELLA.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

An attenuated vaccine used to prevent and/or treat HERPES ZOSTER, a disease caused by HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 3.

Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethylene ethers used as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in pharmaceuticals.

Antibody-mediated immune response. Humoral immunity is brought about by ANTIBODY FORMATION, resulting from TH2 CELLS activating B-LYMPHOCYTES, followed by COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION.

A bacterial vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in man and animal. Brucella abortus vaccine is used for the immunization of cattle, sheep, and goats.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection by any virus from the family HERPESVIRIDAE.

The forcing into the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle, piercing the top skin layer.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with LEISHMANIA.

A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.

Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. They are used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of ulcerative stomatitis, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, metritis, and minor wounds.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with viruses from the genus SIMPLEXVIRUS. This includes vaccines for HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

The formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use). Diphtheria toxoid is used for the prevention of diphtheria; DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN is for treatment.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES.

Protection conferred on a host by inoculation with one strain or component of a microorganism that prevents infection when later challenged with a similar strain. Most commonly the microorganism is a virus.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE).

Administration of a vaccine to large populations in order to elicit IMMUNITY.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent conception.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines derived from edible plants. Transgenic plants (PLANTS, TRANSGENIC) are used as recombinant protein production systems and the edible plant tissue functions as an oral vaccine.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.

Active immunization where vaccine is administered for therapeutic or preventive purposes. This can include administration of immunopotentiating agents such as BCG vaccine and Corynebacterium parvum as well as biological response modifiers such as interferons, interleukins, and colony-stimulating factors in order to directly stimulate the immune system.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

The relationship between an elicited ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE and the dose of the vaccine administered.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.

Vaccines for the prevention of diseases caused by various species of Rickettsia.

An acute, highly contagious, often fatal infectious disease caused by an orthopoxvirus characterized by a biphasic febrile course and distinctive progressive skin eruptions. Vaccination has succeeded in eradicating smallpox worldwide. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with parainfluenza viruses in humans and animals.

Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body.

Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1. The H5N1 subtype, frequently referred to as the bird flu virus, is endemic in wild birds and very contagious among both domestic (POULTRY) and wild birds. It does not usually infect humans, but some cases have been reported.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 3 and neuraminidase 2. The H3N2 subtype was responsible for the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968.

Species of the genus INFLUENZAVIRUS B that cause HUMAN INFLUENZA and other diseases primarily in humans. Antigenic variation is less extensive than in type A viruses (INFLUENZA A VIRUS) and consequently there is no basis for distinct subtypes or variants. Epidemics are less likely than with INFLUENZA A VIRUS and there have been no pandemics. Previously only found in humans, Influenza B virus has been isolated from seals which may constitute the animal reservoir from which humans are exposed.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent PSEUDORABIES (Aujeszky's disease), a herpesvirus of swine and other animals.

A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.

The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

Membrane glycoproteins from influenza viruses which are involved in hemagglutination, virus attachment, and envelope fusion. Fourteen distinct subtypes of HA glycoproteins and nine of NA glycoproteins have been identified from INFLUENZA A VIRUS; no subtypes have been identified for Influenza B or Influenza C viruses.

Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)

The process of keeping pharmaceutical products in an appropriate location.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Acute VIRAL CNS INFECTION affecting mammals, including humans. It is caused by RABIES VIRUS and usually spread by contamination with virus-laden saliva of bites inflicted by rabid animals. Important animal vectors include the dog, cat, bat, fox, raccoon, skunk, and wolf.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

The type species of the genus INFLUENZAVIRUS A that causes influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. Antigenic variation occurs frequently between strains, allowing classification into subtypes and variants. Transmission is usually by aerosol (human and most non-aquatic hosts) or waterborne (ducks). Infected birds shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces.

Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.

Vaccines used in conjunction with diagnostic tests to differentiate vaccinated animals from carrier animals. Marker vaccines can be either a subunit or a gene-deleted vaccine.

A type of H. influenzae isolated most frequently from biotype I. Prior to vaccine availability, it was a leading cause of childhood meningitis.

Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.

The type species of the FLAVIVIRUS genus. Principal vector transmission to humans is by AEDES spp. mosquitoes.

Strains of Neisseria meningitidis which are the most common ones causing infections or disease in infants. Serogroup B strains are isolated most frequently in sporadic cases, and are less common in outbreaks and epidemics.

The non-susceptibility to infection of a large group of individuals in a population. A variety of factors can be responsible for herd immunity and this gives rise to the different definitions used in the literature. Most commonly, herd immunity refers to the case when, if most of the population is immune, infection of a single individual will not cause an epidemic. Also, in such immunized populations, susceptible individuals are not likely to become infected. Herd immunity can also refer to the case when unprotected individuals fail to contract a disease because the infecting organism has been banished from the population.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent LYME DISEASE.

An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.

The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

Epidemics of infectious disease that have spread to many countries, often more than one continent, and usually affecting a large number of people.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat PSEUDOMONAS INFECTIONS.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)

Antibodies reactive with HIV ANTIGENS.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.

A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.

The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the causative agent of WHOOPING COUGH. Its cells are minute coccobacilli that are surrounded by a slime sheath.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the B-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the B-cell receptor are located on the surface of the antigen.

A method of detection of the number of cells in a sample secreting a specific molecule. With this method, a population of cells are plated over top of the immunosorbent substrate that captures the secreted molecules.

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

Viruses containing two or more pieces of nucleic acid (segmented genome) from different parents. Such viruses are produced in cells coinfected with different strains of a given virus.

Techniques where DNA is delivered directly into organelles at high speed using projectiles coated with nucleic acid, shot from a helium-powered gun (gene gun). One of these techniques involves immunization by DNA VACCINES, which delivers DNA-coated gold beads to the epidermis.

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The type species of LYSSAVIRUS causing rabies in humans and other animals. Transmission is mostly by animal bites through saliva. The virus is neurotropic multiplying in neurons and myotubes of vertebrates.

A genus of REOVIRIDAE, causing acute gastroenteritis in BIRDS and MAMMALS, including humans. Transmission is horizontal and by environmental contamination. Seven species (Rotaviruses A thru G) are recognized.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Resistance to a disease agent resulting from the production of specific antibodies by the host, either after exposure to the disease or after vaccination.

Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.

A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.

Semidomesticated variety of European polecat much used for hunting RODENTS and/or RABBITS and as a laboratory animal. It is in the subfamily Mustelinae, family MUSTELIDAE.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

The application of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and storing of drugs and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures, and in the treatment of patients.

Surveillance of drugs, devices, appliances, etc., for efficacy or adverse effects, after they have been released for general sale.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

An infant during the first month after birth.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is the etiologic agent of TYPHOID FEVER.

Preparations of pathogenic organisms or their derivatives made nontoxic and intended for active immunologic prophylaxis. They include deactivated toxins. Anatoxin toxoids are distinct from anatoxins that are TROPANES found in CYANOBACTERIA.

Vaccines used to prevent infection by any virus from the family ADENOVIRIDAE.

A family of RNA viruses causing INFLUENZA and other diseases. There are five recognized genera: INFLUENZAVIRUS A; INFLUENZAVIRUS B; INFLUENZAVIRUS C; ISAVIRUS; and THOGOTOVIRUS.

A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat ALZHEIMER DISEASE.

Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). The genetic organization of SIV is virtually identical to HIV.

A species of the genus FLAVIVIRUS which causes an acute febrile and sometimes hemorrhagic disease in man. Dengue is mosquito-borne and four serotypes are known.

A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever, clinically very similar to MARBURG VIRUS DISEASE, caused by EBOLAVIRUS, first occurring in the Sudan and adjacent northwestern (what was then) Zaire.

An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.

Interrupting the transmission of respiratory tract infections: theory and practice. (1/1781)

Interruption of transmission has always been one of the most attractive approaches for infection control. The technologies available were severely limited before the development of appropriate vaccines. Mathematically, the proportion of those who need to be immune to interrupt transmission can be derived from the Ro, which represents the number of new cases infected by a single case when all contacts are susceptible. Purely respiratory infections have critical characteristics affecting transmission that are different from key childhood vaccine-preventable diseases spread by the respiratory route. They include frequent reinfections and antigenic changes of the agents. Pragmatic approaches to understanding their potential effect can be found in experimental and programmatic use of vaccines such as those for Haemophilus influenzae type b and influenza virus infections. Results of these experiences can in turn strengthen the development of transmission theory. (+info)

Home delivery of heat-stable vaccines in Indonesia: outreach immunization with a prefilled, single-use injection device. (2/1781)

Extending immunization coverage to underserved populations will require innovative immunization strategies. This study evaluated one such strategy: the use of a prefilled, single-use injection device for outreach immunization by village midwives. The device, UniJect, is designed to prevent refilling or reuse. Stored at ambient temperatures for up to 1 month in midwives' homes, vaccine-filled UniJect devices were immediately available for outreach. Between July 1995 and April 1996, 110 midwives on the Indonesia islands of Lombok and Bali visited the homes of newborn infants to deliver hepatitis B vaccine to the infants and tetanus toxoid to their mothers. Observations and interviews showed that the midwives used the device properly and safely to administer approximately 10,000 sterile injections in home settings. There were no problems with excessive heat exposure during the storage or delivery of vaccine. Injection recipients and midwives expressed a strong preference for the UniJect device over a standard syringe. Use of the prefilled device outside the cold chain simplified the logistics and facilitated the speed and efficiency of home visits, while the single-dose format minimized vaccine wastage. (+info)

A contraceptive peptide vaccine targeting sulfated glycoprotein ZP2 of the mouse zona pellucida. (3/1781)

In this study, we have mapped and characterized a B cell epitope of sulfated glycoprotein ZP2 (ZP2) as a step toward the development of a multi-epitope zona pellucida (ZP) vaccine. Recombinant polypeptides expressed by random deoxyribonuclease-digested fragments of ZP2 cDNA were screened for binding to IE-3, a monoclonal antibody to murine ZP2. Positive clones contained cDNA inserts encoding polypeptide corresponding to ZP2(103-134). When normal or ovariectomized female mice were immunized with three overlapping peptides that span this region of ZP2 (101-120, 111-130, 121-140), only ZP2(121-140) elicited IgG antibodies that reacted with mouse ovarian ZP, indicative of the presence of native B epitope and helper T cell epitope in ZP2(121-140). To more finely map the ZP2 B cell epitope, a random peptide display library was screened with the IE-3 antibody, and a consensus tetramer sequence VxYK that matched the ZP2(123-126) sequence VRYK was located. Competitive immunofluorescence analysis with single alanine-substituted VxYK peptides ranked the relative contribution of the three critical B cell epitope residues as Y > V > K. A chimeric peptide was constructed that contained the YRYK motif of ZP2 and a bovine RNase T cell epitope. Although (C57BL/6xA/J) F1 (B6AF1) female mice immunized with the chimeric peptide developed ZP antibody response, this peptide elicited antibody only in mice of the histocompatibility complex (MHC) H-2(k or b) haplotype. In contrast, ZP2(121-140) peptide elicited antibody in inbred mice with three additional mouse MHC haplotypes. Moreover, although ZP2(121-140) contained a T cell epitope, no oophoritis was observed after immunization of B6AF1 mice with ZP2(121-140) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). In a preliminary trial, female B6AF1 mice immunized with ZP2(121-140) in CFA had reduced litter sizes as compared with mice injected with CFA alone. (+info)

Molecular characterization of a Haemaphysalis longicornis tick salivary gland-associated 29-kilodalton protein and its effect as a vaccine against tick infestation in rabbits. (4/1781)

The use of tick vaccines in mammalian hosts has been shown to be the most promising alternative tick control method to current use of acaricides, which suffers from a number of limitations. However, the success of this method is dependent on the identification, cloning, and in vitro expression of tick molecules involved in the mediation of key physiological roles with respect to the biological success of a tick as a vector and pest. We have sequenced and characterized a Haemaphysalis longicornis tick salivary gland-associated cDNA coding for a 29-kDa extracellular matrix-like protein. This protein is expressed in both unfed and fed immature and mature H. longicornis ticks. The predicted amino acid sequence of p29 shows high homology to sequences of some known extracellular matrix like-proteins with the structural conservation similar to all known collagen proteins. Immunization with the recombinant p29 conferred a significant protective immunity in rabbits, resulting in reduced engorgement weight for adult ticks and up to 40 and 56% mortality in larvae and nymphs that fed on the immunized rabbits. We speculate that this protein is associated with formation of tick cement, a chemical compound that enables the tick to remain attached to the host, and suggest a role for p29 as a candidate tick vaccine molecule for the control of ticks. We have discussed our findings with respect to the search of tick molecules for vaccine candidates. (+info)

Impact of vaccines universally recommended for children--United States, 1990-1998. (5/1781)

At the beginning of the 20th century, infectious diseases were widely prevalent in the United States and exacted an enormous toll on the population. For example, in 1900, 21,064 smallpox cases were reported, and 894 patients died. In 1920, 469,924 measles cases were reported, and 7575 patients died; 147,991 diphtheria cases were reported, and 13,170 patients died. In 1922, 107,473 pertussis cases were reported, and 5099 patients died. (+info)

Interleukin-12 as an adjuvant for an antischistosome vaccine consisting of adult worm antigens: protection of rats from cercarial challenge. (6/1781)

Our group previously demonstrated that a detergent extract (fraction S3) prepared from immature (4-week) Schistosoma mansoni parasites can induce partial, serum-transferable immunity to challenge infection in rats when administered as an alum precipitate. In the present study, we examined whether S3 prepared from adult (7-week) worms could similarly induce protection and whether immunity could be positively influenced by treatment with interleukin-12 (IL-12). IL-12 coadministered to Fischer rats and C57BL/6 mice at the time of S3 vaccination altered the prechallenge kinetics of S3-specific antibody titers in both species, ultimately leading to a stable enhancement of titers (relative to those in animals vaccinated without IL-12) in mice but not rats. Immunoblot analysis of prechallenge immune sera demonstrated that IL-12 treatment was associated with changes in the S3 antigen recognition profile in each species. Isotyping of specific antibodies in S3- plus IL-12-vaccinated mice prior to challenge infection revealed a moderate elevation in immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) responses, strongly enhanced IgG2a and IgG2b responses, as well as diminished total serum IgE responses compared to those in mice given S3 only. In vaccinated rats, IL-12 profoundly suppressed specific IgG1 and enhanced IgG2b responses but did not affect IgG2a responses. S3- plus IL-12-vaccinated rats also produced less total IgE upon challenge infection. Enumeration of worm burdens revealed that vaccination with S3 plus IL-12 conferred 50% protection from cercarial challenge to rats, whereas rats given S3 only were not protected; mice were not protected by S3 vaccination regardless of IL-12 coadministration. The protection observed in S3- plus IL-12-vaccinated rats could not be transferred with serum, suggesting participation of an activated cellular component in the expression of immunity. (+info)

Single-dose mucosal immunization with biodegradable microparticles containing a Schistosoma mansoni antigen. (7/1781)

The purpose of this work was to assess the immunogenicity of a single nasal or oral administration of recombinant 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase of Schistosoma mansoni (rSm28GST) entrapped by poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG)- or polycaprolactone (PCL)-biodegradable microparticles. Whatever the polymer and the route of administration used, the equivalent of 100 microg of entrapped rSm28GST induced a long-lasting and stable antigen-specific serum antibody response, with a peak at 9 to 10 weeks following immunization. Isotype profiles were comparable, with immunoglobulin G1 being the predominant isotype produced. The abilities of specific antisera to neutralize the rSm28GST enzymatic activity have been used as criteria of immune response quality. Pooled 10-week sera from mice receiving PLG microparticles by the nasal or oral route neutralized the rSm28GST enzymatic activity, whereas sera of mice receiving either PCL microparticles, free rSm28GST, or empty microparticles inefficiently neutralized this enzymatic activity. Finally, this study shows that a single administration of these microparticles could provide distinct and timely release pulses of microencapsulated antigen, which might greatly facilitate future vaccine development. (+info)

Heat shock protein-based therapeutic strategies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. (8/1781)

Heat shock proteins (hsps) and cyclophilins (CypA) are intracellular chaperone molecules that facilitate protein folding and assembly. These proteins are selectively expressed in cells following exposure to a range of stress stimuli, including viral infection. Hsp species are highly immunogenic, eliciting humoral, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), and natural killer (NK) cell responses against viruses, tumours, and infectious diseases. This review discusses the roles of stress proteins in immunity and viral life cycles, vis-a-vis the development of Hsp-based therapeutic strategies against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. Cumulative findings are cited implicating the requirement of CypA in HIV-1 replication and formation of infectious virions. Studies by our group show the upregulated expression of hsp27 and hsp70 during single-cycle HIV infections. These species redistribute to the cell surface following HIV-infection and heat stress, serving as targets for NK and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot studies show that hsp27, hsp70, and hsp78 complex with HIV-1 viral proteins intracellularly. Hsp70, hsp56, and CypA are assembled into HIV-1 virions. The ability of hsps to interact with HIV-1 viral proteins, combined with their inherent adjuvant and immunogenic properties, indicates that hsps may serve as vehicles for antigen delivery and the design of vaccines against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (+info)

Vaccine[edit]. Main article: Pneumococcal vaccine. Due to the importance of disease caused by S. pneumoniae, several vaccines ... "Pneumococcal vaccines WHO position paper--2012" (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 87 (14): 129-44. Apr 6, 2012. PMID 24340399.. ... "Children to be given new vaccine". BBC News. 8 February 2006.. *^ "Pneumococcal Vaccination: Information for Health Care ... "In Atkinson W; Wolfe S; Hamborsky J. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (12th ed.). Washington DC: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._pneumoniae

Vaccines[edit]. Tomatoes (along with potatoes, bananas and other plants) are being investigated as vehicles for delivering ... Goyal, R.; Ramachandran, R.; Goyal, P.; Sharma, V. (2007). "Edible vaccines: Current status and future". Indian Journal of ... Korean scientists are looking at using the tomato to express a vaccine against Alzheimer's disease.[42] Hilary Koprowski, who ... led a group of researchers in developing a tomato expressing a recombinant vaccine to SARS.[43] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_tomato

Public health, Prevention strategies and Vaccines[edit]. *Mosquito bed nets. *Medication - Mefloquine, Chloroquine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_knowlesi

Vaccine[edit]. Main article: Varicella vaccine. The varicella vaccine is recommended in many countries.[10] Some countries ... but not all countries provide the vaccine due to its cost.[10] In the UK as of 2014, the vaccine is only recommended in people ... "Shingles Vaccine". WebMD. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013.. *^ "An Overview of Shingles". WebMD. Archived from ... Flatt, A; Breuer, J (September 2012). "Varicella vaccines". British Medical Bulletin. 103 (1): 115-27. doi:10.1093/bmb/lds019. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox

2020: COVID-19 vaccine. In May 2020, Pfizer began testing four different COVID-19 vaccine variations to help end the COVID-19 ... "Pfizer and BioNTech Begin Giving U.S. Test Participants a Potential Covid-19 Vaccine". Barrons. Retrieved May 8, 2020.. ... "Pfizer, BioNTech set to begin U.S. coronavirus vaccine trial". Reuters. May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.. ... The introduction of the original, 7-valent version of the vaccine, developed by Wyeth in February 2000,[112] led to a 75% ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer_Inc

MMR vaccine controversy[edit]. In February 1998, the Royal Free held a press conference to coincide with the publication in The ... This started a controversy which led to a crisis in public confidence over MMR and a fall in uptake of the vaccine. Wakefield ... Lancet of a paper by Andrew Wakefield who claimed to have found a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Free_Hospital

Mumps vaccine[note 82]. *Varicella vaccine[note 82]. Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors[edit] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Health_Organization_Essential_Medicines

Vaccines[edit]. The cold chain is used in the supply of vaccines to distant clinics in hot climates served by poorly developed ... "The Vaccine Cold Chain" (PDF). www.who.int. WHO. Retrieved 19 December 2020.. ... There is an ultralow, or deep freeze, cold chain for vaccines that require -70 degrees C. The Ebola and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID- ... In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines being developed may need ultracold storage and transportation temperatures as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_chain

Live virus vaccine - The test should not be carried out within 3 weeks of live virus vaccination (e. g. MMR vaccine or Sabin ... BCG vaccine and the Mantoux test[edit]. The role of Mantoux testing in people who have been vaccinated is disputed. The US ... Therefore, a positive TST/PPD in a person who has received BCG vaccine is interpreted as latent TB infection (LTBI).[10] Due to ... According to the Ohio Department of Health and US Department of Health, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine does not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantoux_test

4 Proposal: Add mitochondrial dysfunction sub-section to vaccine section *4.1 Proposal: Add mitochondrial dysfunction to the " ... This makes me wonder if the immune response to a vaccine could cause mitochondrial disease, but it looks like there is not ... The CDC's website currently says that so far vaccines have not been shown to cause mitochondrial disease but more research is ... The first source says "The authors have been involved in vaccine/biologic litigation." A little research shows that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Causes_of_autism

Vaccine[edit]. Vaccines to treat or prevent Type 1 diabetes are designed to induce immune tolerance to insulin or pancreatic ... such as a DNA vaccine encoding proinsulin and a peptide fragment of insulin, were in early clinical development.[97] ... beta cells.[97] While Phase II clinical trials of a vaccine containing alum and recombinant GAD65, an autoantigen involved in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_1

Vaccines. Main article: Ebola vaccine. Many Ebola vaccine candidates had been developed in the decade prior to 2014,[102] but ... prevented by rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, making it the first proven vaccine against the disease.[106][107][7] More than 100,000 people ... "Human Vaccines (open Access). 6 (6): 439-49. doi:10.4161/hv.6.6.11097. PMID 20671437. Archived from the original on 22 October ... The DRC Ministry of Public Health approved the use of an experimental vaccine.[203][204][205] On May 13, 2018, WHO Director- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_hemorrhagic_fever

... is a combination vaccine whose generic name is diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis ... This vaccine article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... "DTaP-IPV-HepB vaccine" - news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template ... "Licensure of a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed and inactivated poliovirus vaccine and guidance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTaP-IPV-HepB

Offit, Paul A. (2005). The Cutter Incident: How America's First Polio Vaccine Led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis. Yale ... He was opposed by vaccine critics, many of whom believe vaccines cause autism, a belief that has been rejected by major medical ... doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085. PMID 24814559.. *^ a b "Author royalties from autism book donated to autism research" (Press ... Sabin Gold Medal from the Sabin Vaccine Institute in Washington, DC for his work on the oral rotavirus vaccine and his ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Offit

HIV vaccine[edit]. Main article: HIV vaccine. An HIV vaccine is a vaccine that would be given to a person who does not have HIV ... Only a vaccine is thought to be able to halt the pandemic. This is because a vaccine would cost less, thus being affordable for ... Other vaccine trials continue worldwide including a mosaic vaccine using an adenovirus 26 vector[9] as well as a newer ... In 2003 a clinical trial in Thailand tested an HIV vaccine called RV 144. In 2009, the researchers reported that this vaccine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_research

Vaccine and treatment[edit]. Vaccines existed[edit]. Conspiracy theorists have claimed the virus was known and that a vaccine ... Non-vaccine treatments[edit]. Chinese health authorities promote the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against the ... Politifact and Factcheck.org noted that no vaccine currently exists for COVID-19. The patents cited by various social media ... "PolitiFact - No, there is no vaccine for the Wuhan coronavirus". @politifact. Retrieved 7 February 2020.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_2019-2020_novel_coronavirus_outbreak

Vaccines[edit]. The sublingual route may also be used for vaccines against various infectious diseases. Thus, preclinical ... but sublingual administration may also be used for vaccines against other infectious diseases. ... studies have found that sublingual vaccines can be highly immunogenic and may protect against influenza virus[3][4] and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublingual

... polio vaccine, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, chickenpox vaccine). In this system, viruses are grown in closed systems such as ... Universal flu vaccines[edit]. See Prospects for universal flu vaccines. Current major flu research contracts[edit]. The US ... Vaccines[edit]. A vaccine probably would not be available in the initial stages of population infection.[6] Once a potential ... H5N1 vaccine approval and stockpiling[edit]. On April 17, 2007, the first US approval for H5N1 influenza vaccine for humans was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_research

These vaccines use only the capsid proteins of the virus. Hepatitis B vaccine is an example of this type of vaccine.[201] ... Yellow fever vaccines and international travelers. Expert Review of Vaccines. 2008;7(5):579-87. doi:10.1586/14760584.7.5.579. ... Smallpox vaccines for biodefense: need and feasibility. Expert Review of Vaccines. 2008;7(8):1225-37. doi:10.1586/14760584.7. ... Once the virus has been identified, the chain of transmission can sometimes be broken by vaccines. When vaccines are not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_structure

Vaccine[edit]. There are several H5N1 vaccines for several of the avian H5N1 varieties, but the continual mutation of H5N1 ... "There is no H5N1 pandemic so there can be no pandemic vaccine".[43] However, "pre-pandemic vaccines" have been created; are ... Vaccine manufacturing companies are being encouraged to increase capacity so that if a pandemic vaccine is needed, facilities ... As for a vaccine, work cannot start on it until the emergence of a new virus, and we predict it would take six to nine months ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H5n1

Vaccines[edit]. A vaccine based on recombinant viral proteins was developed in the 1990s and tested in a high-risk population ( ... Hepatitis E Vaccine Working Group (1 October 2014). Recommendations of HEV Working Group on the use of hepatitis E vaccine (PDF ... Although other HEV vaccine trials have been successful, these vaccines have not yet been produced or made available to ... a hepatitis E vaccine developed by Chinese scientists was available at the end of 2012. The vaccine -called HEV 239 by its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_E

Vaccine. As of 2018[update], there is no vaccine effective for prevention.[14] Several vaccines based on treponemal proteins ... doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.053. PMC 3951677. PMID 24135571.. *^ Cameron, Caroline E. (September 2018). "Syphilis Vaccine ... "Current status of syphilis vaccine development: Need, challenges, prospects". Vaccine. 32 (14): 1602-1609. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_syphilis

Vaccine[edit]. Since the 1970s, several vaccine trials around the world against CCHF have been terminated due to high toxicity. ... Prevention involves avoiding tick bites.[1] A vaccine is not commercially available.[1] Treatment is typically with supportive ... As of March 2011[update], the only available and probably somewhat efficacious CCHF vaccine has been an inactivated antigen ... As of 2012, the vaccine was pending approval by the US FDA.[15] ... More vaccines are under development, but the sporadic nature of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean–Congo_hemorrhagic_fever

Binder RJ (April 2008). "Heat-shock protein-based vaccines for cancer and infectious disease". Expert Review of Vaccines. 7 (3 ... Cancer vaccines[edit]. Given their role in antigen presentation,[35] HSPs are useful as immunologic adjuvants (DAMPS) in ... Also isolated HSPs from tumour cells are able to act as a specific anti-tumour vaccine by themselves.[28][26] Tumour cells ... "Immune Response and Safety of HS110 Vaccine in Combination With Erlotinib in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer - Full ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_shock_protein

Retracted article on vaccine conference[edit]. Main article: Deadly Immunity. See also: 2000 Simpsonwood CDC conference ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_

Vaccine Efficacy[edit]. Immunosignatures were used to test if the efficacy of a vaccine could be predicted (in mice), using ... Mice were given a seasonal flu vaccine, or a vaccine against the specific flu virus tested in the study (PR8). The mice were ... "A general method for characterization of humoral immunity induced by a vaccine or infection". doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04. ... "Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 21 (8): 1169-1177. doi:10.1128/CVI.00228-14. ISSN 1556-6811. PMC 4135907. PMID 24964807.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosignature

Many vaccines are grown in tissue cultures. Gene therapy[edit]. Viral gene therapy involves artificially manipulating a virus ... Different from totally synthesized pharmaceuticals, they include vaccines, blood, blood components, allergenics, somatic cells ... or vaccines, which are usually extracted directly from a biological source.[2][3][4] Specialty drugs, a recent classification ... may be prepared using more conventional techniques as is the case for blood or plasma-derived products and a number of vaccines ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologics

S3PVAC vaccine[edit]. The vaccine constituted by 3 peptide synthetically produced (S3Pvac) has proven its efficacy in natural ... If a vaccine is to be injected, the burden of work and the cost of vaccine administration to pigs will remain high and ... The incentives of using vaccines by pig owners will decrease if the vaccine administration to pigs takes time by injecting ... Vaccines[edit]. Given the fact that pigs are part of a life cycle, vaccination of pigs is another feasible intervention to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cysticercosis

Disproven vaccine hypothesis[edit]. Main article: MMR vaccine controversy. In 1998 Andrew Wakefield led a fraudulent study that ... Vaccine. 32 (29): 3623-9. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085. PMID 24814559. Lay summary - news.com.au.. ... vaccine itself, or by thimerosal, a vaccine preservative.[60] No convincing scientific evidence supports these claims, and ... it concluded that neither the MMR vaccine, which has never contained thimerosal,[62] nor the vaccine components thimerosal or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_spectrum

"Tetanus vaccine may be laced with anti-fertility drug. International / developing countries". Vaccine Weekly: 9-10. 1995. PMID ... and a non-conjugated vaccine is likely to be ineffective.[53][54] Finally, independent testing of the tetanus vaccine by ... Tetanus vaccine controversy[edit]. In order to induce a stronger immune response, some versions of human chorionic gonadotropin ... Several vaccines against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for the prevention of pregnancy are currently in clinical trials.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-HCG

There is no link between autism and any vaccine or vaccine ingredient. Get the facts and the latest science from CDC. ... Vaccine Safety Monitoringplus icon *Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). *CISAplus icon *CISA Resources for ... Vaccines do not cause autism.. Some people have had concerns that ASD might be linked to the vaccines children receive, but ... Vaccine ingredients do not cause autism.. One vaccine ingredient that has been studied specifically is thimerosal, a mercury- ...

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism.html

If you work directly with paitents or handle material that could spread infection, you should get appropriate vaccines to ... Vaccine Recommendations in brief. Vaccines. Recommendations in brief. Hepatitis B. If you dont have documented evidence of a ... To learn more about these diseases and the benefits and potential risks associated with the vaccines, read the Vaccine ... Answers to "Which HCWs need the vaccine?", "Can NICU staff receive vaccine without compromising their neonates?" and more. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/rec-vac/hcw.html

Tell your vaccine provider if the person getting the vaccine:. *Has had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of MMR or ... MMR vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines. Children 12 months through 12 years of age might receive MMR ... The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) is a federal program ... Vaccine Information Statement (Interim). MMR Vaccine (8/15/19). 42 U.S.C. §300aa-26 ...

https://cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.html

The HPV vaccine can help protect against the virus that causes genital warts and may lead to some kinds of cancer. Find out ... How Does the HPV Vaccine Work?. The HPV vaccine is recommended for people 9 to 26 years old:. *For ages 9-14, the vaccine is ... The vaccine does not protect people against strains of HPV that might have infected them before getting the vaccine. The most ... What Are the Side Effects of the HPV Vaccine?. Side effects that people get from the HPV vaccine usually are minor. They may ...

https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hpv-vaccine.html

So how did the idea that vaccines play a role get started? Much of the blame lies with a study published in 1998 that suggested ... Sometimes, kids can have a reaction to a vaccine like a mild fever or rash. But its clear that the risk of serious reactions ... No, there is no connection between vaccines and autism.. Autism is a condition that affects the brain and makes communicating ... If you have concerns about any vaccine recommended for your child, talk to your doctor. Ask about the benefits and risks of ...

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/autism-studies.html

The Vaccine Safety Datalink: successes and challenges monitoring vaccine safety. Vaccine. 2014;32(42):5390-5398pmid:25108215. ... Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System. VIS - Vaccine Information Statement. VSD - Vaccine Safety Datalink. ... Vaccine-hesitant individuals may accept all vaccines but remain concerned about them, they may refuse or delay some vaccines ... Factors Involved in Vaccine Acceptance. The evolution of vaccine confidence over the course of vaccine introduction is ...

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/08/25/peds.2016-2146

The new vaccine is more than 90% effective at preventing shingles and a painful complication called postherpetic neuralgia (PHN ... 13, 2019 -- Unlike some vaccines, theres been so much demand for the new shingles vaccine Shingrix that its not always easy ... "There have been no serious events associated with the vaccine that are specifically attributable to the vaccine," Schaffner ... It is being used in place of the previous vaccine, Zostavax.. More than a year later, doctors say they are learning more about ...

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DO VACCINES "WEAKEN" THE IMMUNE SYSTEM?. Do Vaccines Increase the Risk of Other Infections?. Vaccines may cause temporary ... Children Respond to Multiple Vaccines Given at the Same Time in a Manner Similar to Individual Vaccines. If vaccines ... One hundred years ago, children received 1 vaccine (the smallpox vaccine). Forty years ago, children received 5 vaccines ... measles or varicella vaccines)21,22 or live bacterial vaccines (eg, BCG vaccine)23,24 may develop disseminated infections with ...

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/109/1/124.full

Hepatitis B vaccine: Vaccine can be administered with an accelerated schedule of 4 doses of vaccine given at 0, 1, 2, and 12 ... Polio vaccine: Polio vaccine is recommended for travelers to countries with evidence of wild poliovirus (WPV) or vaccine- ... typhoid vaccine will temporarily stop making and selling this vaccine. The vaccine may be in limited supply or unavailable. If ... Rotavirus vaccine is unique among the routine vaccines given to US infants because it has maximum ages for the first and last ...

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... its not working no matter who develops the vaccine, and thats why the last time there was a SARS vaccine, the vaccine ... Was it a vaccine that the Chinese government was experimenting with? … If you use a SARS vaccine in ferrets, rats or monkeys, ... If this is further confirmed, we may, in fact, be looking at a true vaccine holocaust where vaccine researchers are now ... So what we may in fact be looking at is a hidden attempt by the Chinese to get a jump on this, the economics of vaccines… ...

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... which cover part of the operational cost of new vaccine introductions, campaigns and vaccine product switches. ... Vaccine introduction grants (VIGs) cover a share of the cost of pre-introduction activities (such as health worker training) ... Governments may wish to change the original product and/or presentation of a Gavi-supported vaccine to a different product with ... Operational support for campaigns (Ops) aims to facilitate the timely and effective delivery of vaccines to communities ...

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We found that the national health effects were greatly influenced by the timing of vaccine administration and the effectiveness ... These results emphasize the need for relevant surveillance data to facilitate a rapid evaluation of vaccine recommendations and ... By using US surveillance data (April 12, 2009-April 10, 2010) and vaccine coverage estimates (October 3, 2009-April 18, 2010), ... of the vaccine. We estimated that recommendations for priority vaccination of targeted priority groups were not inferior to ...

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Microneedle Patch Promises Painless Flu Vaccine. By Sara G. Miller Would you be more likely to get your flu vaccine if, ... Lifelong Protection Against Flu? New Vaccine Shows Promise. By Rachael Rettner If this vaccine works in humans, it could mean ... Vaccines. Vaccines help protect people from diseases. They contain "weakened" or "dead" germs, such as viruses or bacteria, ... Ebola Survivors Blood Could Lead to Future Vaccine. By Tracy Staedter Blood from one survivor of the West African Ebola ...

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Learn about the cost of vaccines and if its covered by your insurance. Also learn why the HPV vaccine is safe and what age is ... Get answers to common questions about HPV vaccines here. ... Are HPV vaccines safe?. All of the HPV vaccines were tested in ... Like all vaccines, even "old" vaccines approved many years ago, the HPV vaccines are continuously monitored for side effects. ... The vaccines are included in the federal Vaccines for Children (VFC) program. This program covers vaccine costs for children ...

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WHO held an expert consultation to assess the status of work to test and eventually license two candidate Ebola vaccines. More ... The vaccine uses an attenuated or weakened vesicular stomatitis virus, a pathogen found in livestock; one of its genes has been ... Two promising candidate vaccines. Given the public health need for safe and effective Ebola interventions, WHO regards the ... WHO consultation on Ebola vaccines. From 29-30 September, WHO organized an expert consultation to assess the status of work to ...

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PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue: Cancer Vaccines ... antigen/adjuvant vaccines, DNA vaccines, vector-based vaccines, tumor cell vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines and anti-idiotype ... 5. Therapeutic Vaccines on the Market and in Development 43. 5.1 Breakthroughs in the Cancer Vaccine Market: Vaccines on the ... Figure 3.7: Schematic of Anti-idiotype Antibodies for Cancer Vaccines 39. Figure 5.1: New Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines Entering ...

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New vaccine technologies are emerging that offer a fresh chance to devise a strategy against smallpox, the most fearsome ... The standard vaccine is relatively dangerous compared with most modern vaccines and was killing several babies a year in the ... It was this concern that prompted the push for safer vaccines. All smallpox vaccines contain a weakened virus, called vaccinia ... Safer Smallpox Vaccines In Works. U.S. Preparing For Potential Bioterror Attack. By Justin Gillis. Washington Post Staff Writer ...

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/13/AR2005111301006_pf.html

South American soccer to receive 50,000 doses of vaccine. Chinese pharmaceutical company Sinovac will donate 50,000 doses of ... Johnson & Johnson vaccine: Four-hour CDC meeting fails to deliver definitive decision on pause. ... Johnson vaccine after six people developed severe blood clots. After a four-hour discussion, the Advisory Committee on ... its COVID-19 vaccine to South American soccer confederation CONMEBOL in a bid to protect players for upcoming tournaments. ...

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DETOXICATED VACCINES. Br Med J 1922; 1 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.3204.858 (Published 27 May 1922) Cite this as: Br Med ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/1/3204/858.1

Vaccines, also called immunizations or inoculations, can prevent many life-threatening diseases. Learn about how they protect ... What are the types of vaccines?. There are several types of vaccines:. *Live-attenuated vaccines use a weakened form of the ... What is a vaccine schedule?. A vaccine, or immunization, schedule lists which vaccines are recommended for different groups of ... Vaccines.gov (Department of Health and Human Services) Also in Spanish * Who Should Not Get Vaccinated with These Vaccines? ( ...

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If you were born in 1957 or later and have not had the MMR vaccine, or if you don't have a blood test that shows you are immune to measles or mumps (i.e., no serologic evidence of immunity or prior vaccination), get 2 doses of MMR (1 dose now and the 2nd dose at least 28 days later). (cdc.gov)
If you have not had chickenpox (varicella), if you haven't had varicella vaccine, or if you don't have a blood test that shows you are immune to varicella (i.e., no serologic evidence of immunity or prior vaccination) get 2 doses of varicella vaccine, 4 weeks apart. (cdc.gov)
Position statements from professional organizations, mandatory influenza vaccination policies, and many helpful resources from the National Influenza Vaccine Summit's website. (cdc.gov)
Vaccines and high rates of vaccination have made these diseases much less common in the United States. (cdc.gov)
The term vaccine hesitancy has emerged to depolarize the "pro" versus "anti" vaccination alignment and to express the spectrum of parental attitudes toward vaccines. (aappublications.org)
The World Health Organization issued temporary vaccination recommendations for residents of and long-term visitors to countries with active circulation of wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus. (cdc.gov)
Interactive tools for determining routine and catch-up childhood vaccination are available at www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html . (cdc.gov)
This, in fact, is the main justification for vaccination, and a primary focus of vaccine research and development. (greenmedinfo.com)
In July 2009, estimating that initial vaccine supplies could be insufficient to meet demand, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended priority groups for the vaccination program. (cdc.gov)
Information on vaccine-preventable diseases, where immunizations are provided, vaccination coverage levels, and publications provided. (healthfinder.gov)
That vaccine could offer significant advantages if terrorists were to unleash the smallpox germ in several cities at once, requiring the vaccination of huge numbers of people. (washingtonpost.com)
The standard vaccine is relatively dangerous compared with most modern vaccines and was killing several babies a year in the United States when vaccination stopped in 1972. (washingtonpost.com)
But it can also mean the same thing as vaccination, which is getting a vaccine to become protected against a disease. (medlineplus.gov)
However, the nature by which vaccines confer their protection-by stimulation of the immune system-means that in rare cases, adverse often immunologically mediated events may occur following vaccination. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] The nature by which vaccines work, however-by stimulation of the innate immune system-carries with it the risk of rare adverse events associated with vaccination. (medscape.com)
Here I will explore the various neurologic infections that have been controlled by vaccines as well as the occurrence of rare neurologic adverse events associated with vaccination. (medscape.com)
Many vaccines are administered as part of standard routine childhood vaccination schedules to prevent various childhood infections. (medscape.com)
Rotavirus vaccines are licensed in more than 100 countries, and more than 80 countries have introduced routine rotavirus vaccination. (wikipedia.org)
With the COVID-19 vaccination rollout still in its early stages, a KFF analysis finds that most older adults have not yet been vaccinated against the potentially deadly virus, as vaccine supplies remain limited and most states have only recently begun to make people 65 and older eligible. (kff.org)
This analysis looks at vaccination rates among older adults at the state level, and the share of all vaccines administered that have been given to older adults, among states reporting vaccination data by age. (kff.org)
Your vaccination record is the history of all the vaccines you've had as a child and as an adult. (hhs.gov)
A nurse gives Rotavirus vaccine to a baby during a program to start vaccination against the virus. (usatoday.com)
Authorities will track purchases as well as the distribution of vaccines and vaccination records, to ensure they are legally traded and properly handled and used, the National Health and Family Planning Commission said in a statement published online. (reuters.com)
Alternative names are rubella vaccination , mumps vaccination, vaccine-MMR. (encyclopedia.com)
Arguments often used by vaccine advocates include the oft-parroted sound byte that 'diseases like smallpox and polio were eradicated by vaccination. (lewrockwell.com)
The authors of this paper say there must also be moves to make these vaccines more stable at higher temperatures in order to increase the overall efficiency of vaccination programmes. (www.nhs.uk)
Therapeutic vaccination against established diseases such as persistent infections and cancer has proven much more challenging, because the vaccine intervention must combat an immune system that has been restrained by tolerizing or polarizing mechanisms that sustain the disease in a misguided attempt at self-tolerance. (jci.org)
Vaccine makers were protected, and the childhood vaccination system was saved. (forbes.com)
Vaccine deliveries to EU countries have increased steadily and vaccination is gathering pace. (europa.eu)
The Commission and EU countries have pledged close to €3 billion to COVAX, the global initiative aimed at ensuring equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines, and are supporting vaccination campaigns in partner countries. (europa.eu)
In a study published earlier this week in JAMA Pediatrics, researchers took on the issue of vaccine hesitancy by estimating the disease burden and economic costs associated with declines in the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination rate. (scienceblogs.com)
The ABPI Vaccine Group is committed to advocating on behalf of the industry on all aspects of vaccination and the benefits it brings to the health of our nation. (abpi.org.uk)
Robert Ellison, 86, receives his vaccine card during a vaccine clinic at his low-income apartment building in Richmond, Calif. He and William Patterson, 83, spent their 15-minute post-vaccination observation period out on the patio. (mercurynews.com)
Senior citizens receive the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine from health care workers during a priority coronavirus vaccination program for the elderly at a Puerto Rico National Guard vaccination center, in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on Feb. 8. (foreignpolicy.com)
While it is horrible that anyone should die of cervical cancer, it probably does not make sense to advocate mandatory vaccination for approximately 30,000,000 school aged girls with a brand new vaccine in order to prevent fewer than two percent of those girls from getting cervical cancer in the future. (cato.org)

Current measles outbreaks are being fueled by parents who skip vaccines or avoid them altogether, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (usatoday.com)

The presentation covered COVID-19 vaccine safety in the U.S., and the potential impact new variants will have on vaccine effectiveness. (jhsph.edu)

This statement was developed by Molly Sauer, MPH and Rupali Limaye, PhD, MPH On Tuesday, April 13, 2021, federal health agencies called for a "pause" in use of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine after ongoing safety monitoring identified a rare blood clotting disorder in six people who had received the vaccine. (jhsph.edu)
On Sept. 8, 2021, the state of Maryland authorized a booster of the COVID-19 vaccine for individuals age 65 and older who are living in nursing homes, assisted living centers, residential treatment centers and group homes for people with disabilities. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Dr Ogbuagu said: "So I think that the most optimistic expectations around the vaccine availability would be the first quarter of 2021. (thesun.co.uk)

If you work directly with patients or handle material that could spread infection, you should get appropriate vaccines to reduce the chance that you will get or spread vaccine-preventable diseases. (cdc.gov)
To learn more about these diseases and the benefits and potential risks associated with the vaccines, read the Vaccine Information Statements (VIS) . (cdc.gov)
But this is extremely risky because vaccine-preventable diseases like measles are still around. (kidshealth.org)
But it's clear that the risk of serious reactions to the MMR and other recommended vaccines is small compared with the health risks associated with the often-serious diseases they prevent. (kidshealth.org)
Immunizations have led to a significant decrease in rates of vaccine-preventable diseases and have made a significant impact on the health of children. (aappublications.org)
The increased number of vaccines given to children and the increased percentage of children receiving vaccines have resulted in a dramatic decrease in the number of vaccine-preventable diseases. (aappublications.org)
Most young parents today have never seen many of the diseases that vaccines prevent. (aappublications.org)
Rising prevalence of diseases, increasing government and non government funding for vaccine development, and increasing investments by companies are driving the growth of the vaccines market. (reportsnreports.com)
Vaccines help protect people from diseases. (livescience.com)
Older adults need to get shots (vaccines) to prevent serious diseases. (healthfinder.gov)
Vaccines not only help keep your child healthy, they help all children by eliminating serious childhood diseases. (healthfinder.gov)
Anthony S. Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, in Bethesda, called the vaccine 'the gold standard' given its track record of eradicating smallpox. (washingtonpost.com)
Vaccines are important because they protect you against many diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
Vaccines have undoubtedly been a medical milestone, preventing immeasurable morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. (medscape.com)
The development of vaccines against various infectious diseases has ameliorated morbidity and mortality worldwide. (medscape.com)
One baby after another in Malawi is getting the first and only vaccine against malaria, one of history's deadliest and most stubborn diseases. (courthousenews.com)
If you choose to spurn vaccines based on an opinion, it has no basis to denigrate science not does it erase the preventative history of vaccines toward harmful diseases. (statnews.com)
Vaccine -preventable diseases are those diseases for which there is a shot that helps the immune system prepare for an infection. (medicinenet.com)
The diseases that vaccines prevent are very serious and can cause, liver damage, heart disease, or hearing loss, all of which can last a lifetime, or even death. (aap.org)
The recommended schedule is designed to protect children when they are most vulnerable to the diseases vaccines prevent. (aap.org)
Non-standard schedules that spread out vaccines or start when a child is older do not provide protection against serious illnesses when infants and young children are most at risk for the diseases. (aap.org)
Every year, thousands of adults in the United States get sick and are hospitalized from vaccine-preventable diseases. (hhs.gov)
Because of community immunity, vaccines help keep diseases from spreading to people who may not be able to get certain vaccines, like newborn babies. (hhs.gov)
Some vaccines are recommended only for adults, who are more at risk for certain diseases - like shingles. (hhs.gov)
As a result, mRNA vaccines have been hailed as potentially offering a rapid solution to new outbreaks of infectious diseases. (thesun.co.uk)
The introduction of effective vaccines has also drastically reduced deaths from measles, diphtheria, rubella, pertussis ("whooping cough") and other diseases that sickened hundreds of thousands of Americans in the early 20th century. (kottke.org)
Because of vaccines all of these diseases have been completely or virtually eliminated from the United States. (google.com)
Monica McArthur, MD, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Pediatrics and a member of the Institute for Global Health and the Center for Vaccine Development at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. (fda.gov)
She is currently the site Principal Investigator for a Zika DNA vaccine trial being performed at the Center for Vaccine Development in collaboration with the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (fda.gov)
Recent outbreaks of infectious pathogens such as Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19 have underscored the need for the dependable availability of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). (nber.org)
MMR vaccine is a combined vaccine to protect children against measles , mumps , and rubella , which are dangerous and potentially deadly diseases. (encyclopedia.com)
Although single antigen (individual) vaccines are available for each part of the MMR, they are only used in specific situations, in which one of the three diseases occurs and public health officials decide to immunize infants six to 15 months of age for that particular disease. (encyclopedia.com)
Lisa talks about these diseases being rare, but neglects to mention that these diseases are rare BECAUSE of vaccines. (yahoo.com)
Vaccines make children more susceptible to auto-immune diseases and cancer, he argued. (coasttocoastam.com)
Health officials say the rise in measles and other vaccine preventable diseases is being fueled by people who opt not to vaccinate. (cnn.com)
The ensuing loss of vaccines would be a public health disaster of enormous magnitude, leading to tens of thousands of deaths from diseases that we now have largely defeated in this county. (forbes.com)
Moderna's vaccine, developed by a Massachusetts biotechnology company in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, was the second vaccine cleared. (washingtonpost.com)
Vaccines are the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. (nidirect.gov.uk)
Since vaccines were introduced in the UK, diseases like smallpox, polio and tetanus that used to kill or disable millions of people are either gone or seen very rarely. (nidirect.gov.uk)
Other diseases like measles and diphtheria have been reduced by up to 99.9 per cent since their vaccines were introduced. (nidirect.gov.uk)
If people stop having vaccines, it's possible for infectious diseases to quickly spread again. (nidirect.gov.uk)
Vaccines teach your immune system how to create antibodies that protect you from diseases. (nidirect.gov.uk)
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. (abpi.org.uk)
While vaccines (excepting those homoeopathically produced) may not be the best and final solution to conquering diseases, on a mass scale they have brought much benefit and freedom from crippling diseases in Africa , India and many other countries . (wikiquote.org)
Therapeutic vaccine fights the existing infection in the body rather than immunizing the body for protection against future diseases and infections. (wikipedia.org)
This type of vaccine can be employed for the treatment of various type of diseases and viral infections. (wikipedia.org)
Efforts are being made to develop vaccines against various fatal diseases such as HIV, cancer, dengue fever, cholera, Diphtheria, etc.[citation needed] HIV has no vaccine up until now, but therapeutic vaccines could be the breakthrough for HIV. (wikipedia.org)

Vaccines do not cause autism. (cdc.gov)
Vaccine ingredients do not cause autism. (cdc.gov)
In fact, a 2004 scientific review external icon by the IOM concluded that "the evidence favors rejection of a causal relationship between thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism. (cdc.gov)
Hviid A, Stellfeld M, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M. Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism pdf icon [PDF - 5 pages] external icon . (cdc.gov)
Is There a Connection Between Vaccines and Autism? (kidshealth.org)
Much of the blame lies with a study published in 1998 that suggested that the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine , or infection with the naturally occurring measles virus itself, might cause autism. (kidshealth.org)
Since then, numerous scientific studies have shown that there is no link between vaccines - or any of their ingredients - and autism. (kidshealth.org)
7 , 8 Physicians stated that the most common reasons parents refused vaccines were that they believed that vaccines are unnecessary (which showed an increase over the 7-year span) and that they had concerns about autism (which declined between survey years). (aappublications.org)
Thimerosol-containing vaccines are associated with autism prevalence and measles-containing vaccines are associated with serious neurological disorders. (greenmedinfo.com)
Recent research showed that aluminum in vaccines was a likely culprit in the rise of autism , for example. (naturalnews.com)
Vaccine Researcher Joel Lord will also be discussing the Autism epidemic, synergistic toxicity, demyelination & blood-brain barrier threshold in babies. (ustream.tv)
Some parents worried that thimerosal used in vaccines may lead to autism. (aap.org)
Rates of autism have actually increased since thimerosal was removed from vaccines in 2001. (aap.org)
In 1998, Dr Andrew Wakefield published a paper about 8 children who reportedly developed autism after receiving the MMR vaccine. (aap.org)
Since then, scientific studies comparing thousands of children who received the vaccine with thousands of children who have not have been completed, and have not found a relationship between the vaccine and autism. (aap.org)
During the past decade, with thimerosal removed from most childhood vaccines, the rate of autism has continued to rise. (aap.org)
These studies do not show any link between MMR vaccine, thimerosal and autism. (mattcutts.com)
A lot of people have read about Dr. Andrew Wakefield , who was an author of a controversial paper in 1998 about the MMR vaccine and autism. (mattcutts.com)
Godlee, the journal's editor-in-chief, said the study shows that of the 12 cases Wakefield examined in his paper, five showed developmental problems before receiving the MMR vaccine and three never had autism. (mattcutts.com)
Then, a group of trial lawyers looking to sue pharmaceutical companies paid Dr. Wakefield handsomely to find a relationship between the MMR vaccine and Autism . (google.com)
The vaccine, Wakefield suggested, had damaged the intestine-in particular, the measles part had caused serious inflammation-allowing harmful proteins to leak from the gut into the bloodstream and from there to the brain, where they damaged neurons in a way that triggered autism. (newsweek.com)
The MMR vaccine is the same on both sides of the Atlantic, so fears of childhood vaccines (of which U.S. health officials recommend 35 by age 6) started a backlash in the United States, too, fueled in no small part by the fact that the incidence of autism was rising for reasons scientists could not fully explain. (newsweek.com)
Inevitable, because legitimate scientists publishing in respected journals produced evidence of a link between vaccines and autism, and because the press as well as politicians and even public-health officials stoked the mounting hysteria. (newsweek.com)
Authorities recently conceded there was a connection between vaccines and autism in a case involving a young girl. (coasttocoastam.com)
WASHINGTON (CNN) -- A special court ruled Thursday that evidence presented in three cases by parents of children with autism did not prove a link between autism and certain early childhood vaccines. (cnn.com)
A special court denied Mike and Theresa Cedillo's claim that vaccines caused autism in their daughter, Michelle. (cnn.com)
The ruling came from a panel of 'special masters' who began hearing three test cases in 2007 involving children with autism -- a disorder that their parents contend was triggered by the vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella combined with vaccines containing thimerosal, a preservative containing mercury. (cnn.com)
Three families -- the Cedillos, the Hazelhursts and the Snyders -- sought compensation from the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, but the panel ruled that they had not presented sufficient evidence to prove that the childhood vaccines caused autism in their children. (cnn.com)
have found no association between vaccines and autism. (cnn.com)
Hopefully, the determination by the Special Masters will help reassure parents that vaccines do not cause autism,' the statement said. (cnn.com)
and those who claim that MMR vaccines, without any link to thimerosal, can cause autism. (cnn.com)
The mistaken belief in a connection can be traced back to 1998, when a doctor in the U.K. published a now discredited study claiming the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine was linked to autism. (lewrockwell.com)
Nor will the fact that concerns about autism being related to vaccines neither began nor ended with the 1998 Lancet paper. (lewrockwell.com)
Studies both before that paper and after (including a study by the CDC , in which one of the scientists has accused the CDC of falsifying data so as to conceal a possible connection) have shown a possible link between vaccines (including the MMR vaccine) and autism . (lewrockwell.com)
Indeed, one of the US government's own expert witnesses, Dr. Andrew Zimmerman has admitted that "…in a subset of children, vaccine induced fever and immune stimulation did cause regressive brain disease with features of autism spectrum disorder. (lewrockwell.com)
So yes, it would be understandable to think that the near-unison recitation of these falsehoods about the lack of a vaccine-autism connection, and about the Wakefield study in particular, was the primary feature that these articles have in common - as indeed they do. (lewrockwell.com)
Articles repeating the same assertions (rarely with any supporting evidence provided) that "vaccines are safe" and "vaccines do not cause autism", and speaking with qualified spokespeople only on the pro-vaccine side of the issue. (lewrockwell.com)
MMR and Autism The British vaccine controversy focused on the combined vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella and the allegation that it causes, triggers, or exacerbates symptoms associated with autism. (jhu.edu)
As with thimerosal and autism in the United States, health officials in Britain quickly produced evidence that there was no causal link between the vaccine and autism, and they rigorously disputed any claim of a connection. (jhu.edu)
For vaccine-anxious parents who found vindication in the claim that the vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella might cause autism, however, no amount of scientific refutation of the work was persuasive. (jhu.edu)
In Britain, parents' anxieties about vaccines were piqued after Andrew Wakefield, a British academic gastroenterologist, suggested that the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) be split into three separate vaccines because the combined vaccine might cause gastrointestinal difficulties that could lead to neurological problems like autism. (jhu.edu)
In February 1998 Wakefield, in collaboration with a dozen other colleagues, published a paper in the Lancet, Britain's premier medical journal, which 4 MMR and Autism 95 linked chronic intestinal disorders with autism and asserted that symptoms for both began shortly after patients received the combined measles-mumpsrubella vaccine. (jhu.edu)
With this publication, the public controversy in Britain over an alleged link between the MMR vaccine and autism began. (jhu.edu)
By 2002, the scientific and medical communities in Britain and the United States concluded that Wakefield's hypothesis was incorrect-in fact, there was no causal association between the MMR vaccine and autism. (jhu.edu)
In the United States as in Britain, the weight of opinion within the medical and scientific communities has remained steadfastly opposed to Wakefield 's claims about the potential of vaccines, in particular the MMR vaccine, to cause autism. (jhu.edu)

Forty years ago, children received 5 vaccines routinely (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, and smallpox vaccines) and as many as 8 shots by 2 years of age. (aappublications.org)
And earlier research suggests that Tdap, the adult vaccine against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough), can reduce the likelihood that an infant will catch whooping cough during the first two months of life by 78 percent. (yahoo.com)
But it can be highly dangerous for infants, and babies don't start receiving the DTaP series-the childhood vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis-until they're 2 months old. (yahoo.com)
Hannah Bruesewitz's case is heartbreaking: she suffered a seizure in April 1992, within a day of receiving the vaccine for diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT), and she had many more seizures in the following months. (forbes.com)
The Td preparation contains only 15 to 20 percent of the diphtheria toxoid present in the DPT vaccine and is more suitable for use in older children and adults. (britannica.com)

Since 2003, there have been nine CDC-funded or conducted studies pdf icon [PDF - 2 pages] that have found no link between thimerosal-containing vaccines and ASD, as well as no link between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and ASD in children. (cdc.gov)
However, you may end up receiving 2 doses, because the rubella component is in the combination vaccine with measles and mumps.For HCWs born before 1957, see the MMR ACIP vaccine recommendations . (cdc.gov)
Older children , adolescents , and adults also need 1 or 2 doses of MMR vaccine if they are not already immune to measles, mumps, and rubella. (cdc.gov)
Recommended age limitations are based on potential adverse events (yellow fever vaccine), lack of efficacy data or inadequate immune response (polysaccharide vaccines and influenza vaccine), maternal antibody interference and immaturity of the immune system (measles-mumps-rubella [MMR] vaccine), or lack of safety data. (cdc.gov)
Difficulties in eliminating measles and controlling rubella and mumps in a 99% measles vaccine compliant population. (greenmedinfo.com)
A lot of parents hear different things about the MMR vaccine (that's measles, mumps, and rubella) or the flu or chicken pox or pertussis vaccine and wonder "How safe are vaccines? (mattcutts.com)
With flashbulbs popping, Wakefield stepped up to the bank of microphones: he and his colleagues, he said, had discovered a new syndrome that they believed was triggered by the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. (newsweek.com)
The MMR vaccine is a mix of three vaccines: attenuvax (measles), mumpsvax (mumps), and meruvax II (rubella). (encyclopedia.com)
The three-in-one MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. (encyclopedia.com)
This CDC map shows the percentage of children enrolled in kindergarten who have been exempted from receiving one or more vaccines, and those states in which less than 90% of children have had two doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. (cnn.com)
We did not prove an association between measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and the syndrome described. (lewrockwell.com)

Get 1 dose of influenza vaccine annually. (cdc.gov)
At the end of that same year, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analysis 2 of flu vaccine effectiveness revealed that, between 2005 and 2015, the influenza vaccine was actually less than 50 percent effective more than half of the time. (mercola.com)
There are many other examples of the influenza vaccine not protecting people as promised. (mercola.com)
For example, influenza vaccine is prepared in multidose vials that contain thimerosal and is also available in single syringes without thimerosal. (aap.org)
In a similar study of the viral influenza vaccine, caregivers and former caregivers both exhibited a weaker immune status than did the control group almost immediately after innoculation. (scientificamerican.com)

The results showed that the total amount of antigen from vaccines received was the same between children with ASD and those that did not have ASD. (cdc.gov)
Governments may wish to change the original product and/or presentation of a Gavi-supported vaccine to a different product with the same antigen. (gavi.org)
Cancer vaccines can be divided into six main categories: antigen/adjuvant vaccines, DNA vaccines, vector-based vaccines, tumor cell vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines and anti-idiotype vaccines. (prnewswire.com)
Glycoconjugated vaccines provide foreign peptide antigens within the vaccine that allows for recruitment of antigen-specific CD4 + T-helper cells producing a T-dependent, and thus more immunogenic, antibody response. (medscape.com)
More recent vaccine technologies include nucleic acid-based vaccines, which entail the use of DNA that encodes a vaccine antigen, and is subsequently taken up by host cells and processed similar to a natural infection, or a nonpathogenic viral "vector" is used to introduce the nucleic acid. (medscape.com)
Adjuvants help increase the body's immune response to the antigen in the vaccine. (aap.org)
The authors examine the basic issues that affect all vaccines (such as immune adjuvants and prime-boost strategies), describe cutting-edge methods for antigen discovery, and review the preclinical development phases for each major vaccine strategy. (springer.com)
RNA vaccines are composed of the nucleic acid RNA, which encode antigen genes of an infectious agent. (nature.com)
Single antigen vaccines pose less risk to children younger than the recommended age of 15 months for the MMR. (encyclopedia.com)
Effective cancer vaccines deliver concentrated antigen to both HLA class I and II molecules of DCs, promoting both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. (jci.org)
In many phase I/II studies, these vaccines have shown clinical benefit, in particular extended overall or disease-free survival, while objective durable regressions of the type associated with targeted or immunomodulatory mAb therapy ( 2 - 6 ) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) ( 7 - 10 ) or adoptive T cell ( 11 , 12 ) therapy were rarely seen. (jci.org)
The specific type of therapeutic vaccines include antigen vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
In case of antigen vaccines, the body is introduced to a foreign agent to activate the immune system so that it recognizes the agent when later encountered. (wikipedia.org)

Viral vector vaccines use genetic material, which gives your cells instructions for making a protein of the germ. (medlineplus.gov)
Earlier work had shown that a patient's stress levels can affect a viral vaccine's potency, but the new results show that the same holds true for bacterial vaccines, such as those that protect against pneumonia. (scientificamerican.com)
This Review examines prophylactic HPV subunit vaccines based on the ability of the viral L1 capsid protein to form virus-like particles (VLPs) that induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies. (nih.gov)
The news is based on research on using two special membranes to dry the viral particles used in vaccines in order to keep them stable when stored at warm temperatures. (www.nhs.uk)
Many scientists are trying to develop new viral vector-based vaccines for malaria, tuberculosis, HIV-AIDs and influenza. (www.nhs.uk)
Theoretically, combining the viral molecules with sugars immobilises them and prevents any chemical reaction that might break down the vaccine. (www.nhs.uk)
The researchers used two viral vaccine vectors, called AdHu5 and MVA, both of which are unstable at warm temperatures. (www.nhs.uk)
Two studies find that the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is highly effective against viral variants, while Moderna says a booster it developed appears effective against viral variants. (genomeweb.com)
The therapeutic vaccines are mostly against viral infections. (wikipedia.org)
The patients affected with chronic viral infections are administered with therapeutic vaccines, as their immune system is not able to produce enough efficient antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
Therapeutic vaccines are a new form of vaccines that are mostly being used for viral infections and various type of cancers. (wikipedia.org)

Britain has secured 40 million doses the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus vaccine - enough to immunise a third of the UK population. (thesun.co.uk)
Will Medicare cover a new coronavirus vaccine once available? (healthline.com)
And whenever a coronavirus vaccine is available, Medicare and Medicare Advantage will cover the costs, according to the CARES Act . (healthline.com)
This means you won't have to pay a copayment or deductible toward getting a coronavirus vaccine. (healthline.com)
TEHRAN - A team of Iranian experts is working on an mRNA coronavirus vaccine that is being developed based on nanoliposome technology, hoping to start its clinical trial phase by mid-September. (tehrantimes.com)
The first coronavirus vaccine was administered to U.S. health-care workers Dec. 14. (washingtonpost.com)

Let's face it: the only real justification for using vaccines to 'immunize' ourselves against disease is derived from the natural fact that when challenged by infectious agents the humoral arm of our immune system launches a successful response capable of conferring lasting immunity. (greenmedinfo.com)
So getting immunity from a vaccine is safer than getting immunity by being sick with the disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Community immunity, or herd immunity, is the idea that vaccines can help keep communities healthy. (medlineplus.gov)
Community immunity is especially important for people who can't get certain vaccines. (medlineplus.gov)
A person develops immunity after he or she has received a vaccine and responded to it. (medicinenet.com)
A major obstacle to furthering the field of edible vaccines is the need to produce effective immunity. (pnas.org)
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. (news-medical.net)
Vaccines, which provide artificially acquired immunity, are a much safer way to become immune. (news-medical.net)
Results of an exploratory interim analysis from a phase I trial show that an RNA vaccine targeted towards four melanoma-associated antigens produces durable objective responses in patients with melanoma that are accompanied by strong CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell immunity. (nature.com)
The vaccines continue to protect children against the virus years later, with no sign that immunity weakens over time, the study says. (usatoday.com)
The vaccines also have reduced illness among unvaccinated children, simply because there have been fewer sick people to spread the virus, a phenomenon known as herd immunity, the study says. (usatoday.com)
At the time the vaccine was licensed, some doctors worried that immunity would fade, leaving children unprotected in their teens or early adult years, when chickenpox infection is more dangerous. (usatoday.com)
The Dutch vaccine gives immunity chiefly to strains that carry normal pertactin. (newscientist.com)
But the whole-cell vaccine used in Britain and similar ones used in France and Finland give immunity to the toxin produced by B. pertussis as well as to pertactin and other proteins on the surface of the bacterium. (newscientist.com)
Whooping cough vaccines are effective for only about three years, after which immunity decreases and people can become infected without showing all the symptoms. (newscientist.com)
Participants belonging to the other two groups, in contrast, maintained their vaccine-enhanced immunity. (scientificamerican.com)
In particular, he recommended the product Oxysilver as an immunity-building alternative to vaccines. (coasttocoastam.com)
Vaccines are biological preparations that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease . (wikiquote.org)
Until everyone is safe, the United States is not safe, particularly in light of frightening mutations that may impact the effectiveness of current vaccines or increase the percentage of people needing to be vaccinated to reach herd immunity. (foreignpolicy.com)

Those of you who read Paul Offit's Autism's False Prophets or Arthur Allen's Vaccine probably know about a particularly egregious example of both that occurred in the early 1980s and concerned the DTP (diptheria-pertussis-tetanus) vaccine. (scienceblogs.com)

It was approved in 2017, and the CDC recommends the vaccine for adults 50 and older to prevent this painful, blistering illness. (webmd.com)
Monovalent vaccines segment expected to hold the largest share of the market in 2017. (reportsnreports.com)
4 Its failure was so epic, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended FluMist be taken off the list of recommended flu vaccines for the 2016 to 2017 season, a recommendation CDC officials ended up heeding. (mercola.com)
By the end of 2017, 58 countries had immunised more than 143 million children against pneumococcal disease with support from the Vaccine Alliance. (gavi.org)
As of 2017, Gardasil 9 ® is the only HPV vaccine available in the United States. (cancer.org)
But only about half of pregnant women received these vaccines during the very severe 2017 to 2018 flu season, according to a survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (yahoo.com)
2 Overall, in 2017 about 53 percent of girls and 44 percent of boys ages 13-17 were up to date with the HPV vaccine, 1 well under the Healthy People 2020 target of 80 percent . (hhs.gov)
2017). How Vaccines Work. (hhs.gov)

FDA approves Comirnaty (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA), which was previously known as Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, for the prevention of COVID-19 disease in individuals 16 years of age and older. (fda.gov)
The Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee will meet in open session to discuss the matter of additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines and specifically to discuss the Pfizer-BioNTech supplemental Biologics License Application for administration of a third ("booster") dose of Comirnaty (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) in individuals 16 years of age and older. (fda.gov)
mRNA vaccines, which contain synthetic mRNA, which is information used to make a coronavirus spike protein. (harvard.edu)
The messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine developed by pharmaceutical giant Pfizer is said to be now 95 per cent effective , as senior advisers hope to roll out the vaccine before Christmas . (thesun.co.uk)
Pfizer and BioNTech co-developed a jab known as a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine. (thesun.co.uk)
An mRNA vaccine is injected into the body where it enters cells and tells them to create antigens. (thesun.co.uk)
No actual virus is needed to create an mRNA vaccine. (thesun.co.uk)
mRNA vaccines are also cheaper to produce than traditional vaccines. (thesun.co.uk)
The trial Thorpe joined was for one of two novel vaccines using what's known as messenger RNA, or mRNA, now approved for emergency use for COVID-19. (aarp.org)
Not so with mRNA vaccines. (aarp.org)
In addition to producing antibodies, mRNA and other gene-based vaccines also recruit powerful immune cells, called T-cells, into the fight. (aarp.org)
Another plus: Because mRNA vaccines don't contain the actual pathogen - just a genetic blueprint - they can also be produced much more quickly and easily than other vaccine types. (aarp.org)
While conventional vaccines are grown in eggs or cells, mRNA vaccines are processed in a test tube and then encased in a tiny fat molecule. (aarp.org)
Although the mRNA vaccines may seem to have been hurried into production after COVID-19 struck, they have a long history of research behind them. (aarp.org)
Iran hopes to start testing mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine by mid-Sept. (tehrantimes.com)

The concerns of parents range from hesitancy about some immunizations to refusal of all vaccines. (aappublications.org)
In deciding when to travel with a young infant or child, parents should be advised that the earliest opportunity to receive routinely recommended immunizations in the United States (except for the dose of hepatitis B vaccine at birth and age 1 month) is at age 6 weeks. (cdc.gov)
See more coverage of real science on immunizations and vaccine ingredients at Vaccines.news . (naturalnews.com)
Subscribe to email updates about the National Vaccine Program, vaccines, and immunizations. (hhs.gov)
The HPV vaccine is the most recently recommended of the three adolescent-specific immunizations, and has lower coverage rates among teens than the other recommended vaccines. (hhs.gov)

The study looked at the number of antigens (substances in vaccines that cause the body's immune system to produce disease-fighting antibodies) from vaccines during the first two years of life. (cdc.gov)
In people with serious immune system problems, this vaccine may cause an infection which may be life-threatening. (cdc.gov)
People with serious immune system problems should not get MMR vaccine. (cdc.gov)
The CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) hasn't confirmed whether the vaccine is safe for people who have a weakened immune system because of a disease or medicine. (webmd.com)
Another worry is that taking drugs that weaken the immune system might make the shingles vaccine less effective. (webmd.com)
ACIP is discussing how to give the vaccine to people with a weakened immune system. (webmd.com)
Future research will show how effective this vaccine is in special groups of people, like those with a weakened immune system. (webmd.com)
Addressing Parents' Concerns: Do Multiple Vaccines Overwhelm or Weaken the Infant's Immune System? (aappublications.org)
Implicit in this concern is that the infant's immune system is inadequately developed to handle vaccines safely or that multiple vaccines may overwhelm the immune system. (aappublications.org)
As a possible consequence of these trends, recent national surveys found that 23% of parents questioned the number of shots recommended for their children, 1 and 25% were concerned that vaccines might weaken the immune system. (aappublications.org)
This article will provide health care professionals with information about the effect of vaccines on the infant's immune system and the capacity of the immune system to respond safely to multiple vaccines. (aappublications.org)
The ASIA model ultimately explains that adverse vaccine reactions have been occurring since the practice began - and that the adjuvants used to stoke the immune system into action are a major vector for disease. (naturalnews.com)
Vaccines are injections (shots), liquids, pills, or nasal sprays that you take to teach your body's immune system to recognize and defend against harmful germs. (medlineplus.gov)
Such live attenuated vaccines effectively trigger strong activation of the innate immune system, generally resulting in higher immunogenicity. (medscape.com)
Parents worry that giving too many vaccines too soon may overwhelm a baby's immune system. (aap.org)
Antigens in vaccines cause the immune system to make antibodies that will protect the body if it comes into contact with a bacteria or virus that can cause illnesses. (aap.org)
The smallpox vaccine, for example, was actually developed long before the medical establishment knew anything about the human immune system. (lewrockwell.com)
Injecting someone with the vaccine triggers the immune system into creating antibodies that protect against the full-strength virus. (www.nhs.uk)
Traditionally, bacterial vaccines are made from simply inactivated or attenuated pathogens, which are deployed to 'train' the immune system of the host. (nature.com)
The latter can alleviate immunosuppressive mechanisms in the cancer microenvironment and boost vaccine performance by appropriate stimulation or modulation of the immune system. (jci.org)
Once a vaccine has taught your immune system how to fight a disease, it can often protect you for many years. (nidirect.gov.uk)
A therapeutic vaccine works by activating the immune system of a patient to fight an infection. (wikipedia.org)
A therapeutic vaccine helps an immune system to recognise a foreign agent such as cancerous cells or a virus. (wikipedia.org)
There are two types of therapeutic vaccines: Autologous means that 'derived from oneself' - An autologous vaccine is a personalized vaccine which is made from an individual's own cells which could be either cancer cells or immune system cells. (wikipedia.org)
Like any other vaccine, the immune system is regulated against a specific type of target. (wikipedia.org)

Toxoid vaccines include bacterial toxins that have been chemically treated to be rendered immunogenic, but nonpathogenic. (medscape.com)
Meningococcal disease is caused by a bacteria that can lead to bacterial meningitis and meningococcemia, which meningococcal vaccines can prevent. (sheknows.com)
Denmark has just started using a new artificial whooping cough vaccine made from bacterial proteins rather than whole cells. (newscientist.com)

Scientists around the world have been working since early 2020 to develop the current possible COVID-19 vaccines and go through all of the testing processes to ensure they are safe. (harvard.edu)
Human clinical studies of the vaccine began in September followed by a Phase 3 study in December 2020. (thesun.co.uk)
The genetic sequence for the pathogen was published Jan. 7, 2020, and by Jan. 14, we had a candidate vaccine we were already testing," Fuller says. (aarp.org)
In the European H2020 funded project MycoSynVac (2015-2020), CRG together with INRA, the global healthcare leader MSD Animal Health , and other partners across Europe, are now working on the first synthetic biology-derived animal vaccine. (nature.com)
As of November 2020, 14 percent of the world's population had bought up more than 50 percent of promised vaccine doses. (foreignpolicy.com)

In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes the vaccine schedule. (medlineplus.gov)
This page provides information about what scientists do and do not know yet about the vaccines, drawing from the World Health Organization , the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India , the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , and other trusted sources. (harvard.edu)
The only other existing cholera-prevention vaccines require 2 doses, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (medscape.com)
We're working closely with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other federal partners to provide COVID-19 vaccines as quickly and safely as we can. (va.gov)
We're following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance to pause in providing the Janssen vaccine at this time. (va.gov)

Several factors influence recommendations for the age at which a vaccine is administered, including age-specific risks of the disease and its complications, the ability of people of a given age to develop an adequate immune response to the vaccine, and potential interference with the immune response by passively transferred maternal antibodies. (cdc.gov)
Administration of varicella vaccine before the age of 15 months, and the prescription of oral steroids, may be associated with a slightly increased risk of breakthrough disease. (greenmedinfo.com)
Natural News ) Despite Big Pharma's attempts at slandering science that sheds light on the toxic reality of vaccine ingredients and their potential to cause harm, scientists around the world have continued to study vaccine adjuvants and their relationship to autoimmune disease . (naturalnews.com)
Immunologists from Israel have recently confirmed what past research has long suggested: Vaccine-induced disease is an increasingly common, yet unrecognized, phenomenon - and vaccine adjuvants like aluminum are indeed a threat to human health. (naturalnews.com)
In other words, vaccines likely start making people sick years before a disease actually manifests. (naturalnews.com)
A parent can not make fully informed vaccine choices without first being familiar with each vaccine and each disease. (lulu.com)
There are suggested topics of research for each disease/vaccine to help parents come to a better understanding of how each disease is contracted, what the symptoms are, treatment options, which vaccines are available, and more. (lulu.com)
Some groups are at particular risk of vaccine complications: infants, pregnant women, cancer survivors, AIDS patients, organ-transplant recipients, anyone who has ever had the skin disease eczema and some others. (washingtonpost.com)
And for a few vaccines, getting vaccinated can actually give you a better immune response than getting the disease would. (medlineplus.gov)
Live vaccines involve the attenuation of disease-causing viruses by serial passage in cells or tissues from nonhuman species, rendering them less virulent to human cells. (medscape.com)
Vaccines for Infections Occasionally Resulting in Neurologic Disease In some cases, infections associated with other prominent clinical syndromes, such as rash, pneumonia, or other manifestations, may result in neurologic illness. (medscape.com)
Effective vaccines have substantially decreased the overall burden of morbidity and mortality from these agents, including those due to neurologic disease manifestations. (medscape.com)
Inactivated or weakened virus vaccines , which use a form of the virus that has been inactivated or weakened so it doesn't cause disease , but still generates an immune response. (harvard.edu)
These tests evaluate the safety of the vaccine and how well it prevents a disease. (harvard.edu)
Scientists said Tuesday they are closing in on a new game-changing vaccine for tuberculosis, the world's deadliest infectious disease that claimed some 1.5 million lives last year. (courthousenews.com)
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that rotavirus vaccine be included in national routine vaccinations programs, especially in areas where the disease is common. (wikipedia.org)
Safety and efficacy trials in Africa and Asia found that the vaccines dramatically reduced severe disease among infants in developing countries, where a majority of rotavirus-related deaths occur. (wikipedia.org)
[12] In Mexico, which in 2006 was among the first countries in the world to introduce rotavirus vaccine, the diarrheal disease death rates from rotavirus dropped by more than 65% among children age two and under during the 2009 rotavirus season. (wikipedia.org)
The harm from vaccines has seriously exceeded the non-existent benefit of disease prevention. (statnews.com)
Whenever I hear the term "vaccine-preventable" disease, I automatically think "magic-bean preventable" disease. (statnews.com)
No vaccine is perfect, and some people who receive a vaccine can still get the disease. (medicinenet.com)
Hopefully GlaxoSmithKline's vaccine will be just the first generation of a series of improving vaccines that will one day relieve the world of a dangerous disease. (gadling.com)
Vaccines take advantage of the body's natural ability to learn how to eliminate almost any disease-causing germ, or microbe, that attacks it. (news-medical.net)
Traditional vaccines contain either parts of microbes or whole microbes that have been killed or weakened so that they don't cause disease. (news-medical.net)
Before vaccines, the only way to become immune to a disease was to actually get it and, with luck, survive it. (news-medical.net)
Vaccines can prevent a disease from occurring in the first place and also decrease the risk of complications and risk of transmission. (news-medical.net)
The vaccine is associated with serious adverse reactions including permanent nervous system damage and thrombocytopenia (a decrease in blood platelets responsible for blood clotting with accompanying spontaneous bleeding) all resulting from autoimmune disease triggered by the vaccine. (healthy.net)
The meningococcal vaccine helps prevent the meningococcal disease caused by a bacterium called meningococcus. (sheknows.com)
Smallpox -- a disease estimated to have killed 500 million people -- was eradicated from the face of the earth by vaccines. (google.com)
Their false premise is that vaccines cause more disease than they prevent. (google.com)
In the 1990's, he wanted to show that the measles vaccine (MMR) caused Crohn's disease (a chronic bowel condition). (google.com)
When someone immunised with this vaccine is infected with the mutant whooping cough bacterium, they lose only part of their ability to fight the disease. (newscientist.com)
If they do, they may stand a better chance of developing a stronger immune response from the vaccine and therefore better protection against the disease. (scientificamerican.com)
This vaccine and others in development offer the potential to broaden population protection against meningococcal disease. (nih.gov)
Hysteria over childhood vaccinations built to such a crescendo that Wakefield's nuanced warning-that it was specifically the triple vaccine, not single-disease vaccines (even measles), that posed a threat-was drowned out. (newsweek.com)
The MMR, which does not contain mercury, consists of live viruses that have been weakened (attenuated) so that the vaccine is still capable of inducing a productive immune response but does not cause the disease that the original or "wild-type" viruses can. (encyclopedia.com)
If the virus escapes the initial antibody barrier and gets inside our cells, they become invisible to antibodies," says Alessandro Sette, a professor at the Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology. (aarp.org)
Young children get a large number of vaccines, which help protect them from disease as they grow. (hhs.gov)
Vaccines as tools to reduce AMR have historically been under-recognized in these discussions, even though their effectiveness in reducing disease and AMR is well documented 10 . (nature.com)
But many pharmaceutical companies are developing vaccines in the hopes of protecting against the COVID-19, the disease caused by the virus. (healthline.com)
With the exception of some forms of premalignant disease, the proportion of patients benefiting from treatment with cancer vaccines, in addition to the mean survival advantages, leaves much to be desired. (jci.org)
Between 1993 and 1997 they adapted their hypothesis to include the claim that not just the measles virus, but perhaps also the measles vaccine, could play a role in the onset of Crohn's disease. (jhu.edu)
If there's one good thing about the ongoing Disneyland measles outbreak that is continuing to spread, if there can be a "good thing" about an outbreak of vaccine-preventable disease that didn't have to happen, it's that it's put the antivaccine movement on the defensive. (scienceblogs.com)
If enough people are vaccinated, it's harder for the disease to spread to those people who cannot have vaccines. (nidirect.gov.uk)
This means there's no risk of healthy people catching a disease from a vaccine. (nidirect.gov.uk)
A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe , its toxins , or one of its surface proteins . (wikiquote.org)
A therapeutic vaccine is a vaccine which is administered after a disease or infection has already occurred. (wikipedia.org)
A therapeutic vaccine differs from a prophylactic vaccine in that prophylactic vaccines are administered to individuals as a precautionary measure to avoid the infection or disease while therapeutic vaccines are administered after the individual is already affected by the disease or infection. (wikipedia.org)
When a person hears the word vaccine, the thought of prevention against a certain disease comes to mind. (wikipedia.org)
Such vaccines would enhance affected patients immune systems to fight the disease. (wikipedia.org)

Cancer vaccines have the potential to become a significant force in future cancer treatments. (prnewswire.com)
This relatively new commercial market for cancer vaccines is poised to dramatically increase to over $7 billion by 2015. (prnewswire.com)
The purpose of this TriMark Publications report is to supply comprehensive information on the developing market for cancer vaccines. (prnewswire.com)
This study surveys almost all of the companies known to be marketing, manufacturing, or developing cancer vaccines in the world, providing in-depth analysis of the current and emerging technologies in the cancer vaccines market. (prnewswire.com)
Moreover, this report provides detailed discussions of cancer vaccines funding trends, intellectual property, market opportunities, research collaborations, partnership activities, regulatory issues and guidelines for establishing new ventures. (prnewswire.com)
In Handbook of Cancer Vaccines, leading scientific investigators and clinicians distill the vast body of literature on cancer vaccines to create an authoritative survey of the scientific background for such therapeutic vaccines, the challenges to their development, and their current uses in treating cancer. (springer.com)
Some vaccines however may also be therapeutic for example cancer vaccines that are being developed against cancer. (news-medical.net)
The clinical benefit of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been established. (jci.org)
Allogeneic are majorly cancer vaccines which are made from non-self cancer cells which are grown in a lab. (wikipedia.org)

and 6) the fact that infants actually encounter fewer antigens in vaccines today than they did 40 or 100 years ago. (aappublications.org)
Babies are exposed to many more antigens every day than what they will get in the vaccines. (aap.org)
Even though children get more vaccines today than they did in the past, the number of antigens is fewer. (aap.org)
Better results can most likely be obtained by a better choice of antigens, improvements in vaccine design, and appropriate cotreatments. (jci.org)
Antigens on nonviral cancers are targeted for immunotherapy, including vaccines, for two main reasons: (a) the antigens can elicit an immune response that selectively attacks cancer cells, and (b) these antigens are (over-)expressed on cancer cells. (jci.org)

Between 1999 and 2001, thimerosal was removed or reduced to trace amounts in all childhood vaccines except for some flu vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Currently, the only childhood vaccines that contain thimerosal are flu vaccines packaged in multidose vials. (cdc.gov)
Ball L, Ball R, Pratt RD. An assessment of thimerosal in childhood vaccines external icon . (cdc.gov)
4 In a national telephone survey of 1500 parents of children 6 to 23 months of age conducted in 2010 with a response rate of 46%, approximately 3% of respondents had refused all vaccines and 19.4% had refused or delayed at least 1 of the recommended childhood vaccines. (aappublications.org)
The recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule is available at www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html . (cdc.gov)
I've gotten all my childhood vaccines. (hhs.gov)
Protection from childhood vaccines wears off over time so you need additional doses of certain vaccines to stay protected. (hhs.gov)
Coverage for the basic package of childhood vaccines is now the highest it's ever been, at 86 percent. (kottke.org)
Vaccines are the biggest reason for the drop in childhood deaths. (kottke.org)
1 By comparison, rates for most recommended early childhood vaccines are at or above 90 percent. (hhs.gov)
We were very close to a situation where we simply wouldn't have childhood vaccines in this country. (forbes.com)
Then, remarkably, the federal government passed the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986.This set up a special fund to compensate anyone damaged by vaccines, covered by a tax on all vaccines.It also created a special Vaccine Court to hear cases, and required that vaccine cases go through this court. (forbes.com)
They noted that while overall childhood vaccine rates remain high in the U.S., there are areas where nonmedical exemption policies are materializing into declining immunization coverage. (scienceblogs.com)

The authors' examination of the type of vaccine produced is also a significant achievement. (pnas.org)
The likelihood of the mutation causing an epidemic in other European countries depends on the type of vaccine used locally. (newscientist.com)

Even with the overwhelming evidence that vaccines are safe and effective, some parents still decide not to have their children vaccinated or to delay vaccinations. (kidshealth.org)
11 Vaccine-hesitant individuals are a heterogeneous group who hold varying degrees of indecision about specific vaccines or about vaccinations in general. (aappublications.org)
In this study (the last one listed in this document), researchers found infants who followed the recommended vaccine schedule performed better on 42 different neuropsychological outcomes years later than children who delayed or skipped vaccinations. (mattcutts.com)
SHANGHAI (Reuters) - China health authorities have started a nationwide inspection of vaccinations four months after a scandal broke involving nearly $90 million worth of illegal vaccines that were suspected of being sold in dozens of provinces. (reuters.com)

Since influenza viruses may be circulating at any time of the year, travelers aged ≥6 months who were not vaccinated during the influenza season of their country of residence should be vaccinated ≥2 weeks before departure if vaccine is available. (cdc.gov)
Flu vaccines, according to the best scientific evidence available today, will only work against 10% of the circulating viruses that cause the symptoms of seasonal epidemic influenza. (greenmedinfo.com)
Flu vaccines are by their nature a tricky business because influenza viruses are constantly evolving and public health officials have to guess at least six months before the flu season starts which type A and B influenza virus strains will be predominantly in circulation so drug companies can manufacture the vaccines. (mercola.com)
Four African countries have reported new cases of polio linked to the oral vaccine, as global health numbers show there are now more children being paralyzed by viruses originating in vaccines than in the wild. (courthousenews.com)
Vaccines made with live attenuated viruses aren't recommended for pregnant women. (yahoo.com)
However the vaccine is thought not to be effective against European hantaviruses including Puumala (PUUV) and Dobrava-Belgrade (DOBV) viruses. (wikipedia.org)
They include a recombinant vaccine and vaccines derived from HTNV and PUUV viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Lisa tries to fear-monger about pig viruses, PCV1 and PCV2, but forgets to tell you that it cannot infect humans and there was never any active virus in the vaccine. (yahoo.com)

search for information on vaccine administration, assessment, and Hepatitis B reporting. (cdc.gov)
quoted in Shots in the Dark : The Wayward Search for an AIDS Vaccine (2001) by Jon Cohen . (wikiquote.org)

Unbeknownst to most doctors, the polio-vaccine history involves a massive public health service makeover during an era when a live, deadly strain of poliovirus infected the Salk polio vaccines, and paralyzed hundreds of children and their contacts. (greenmedinfo.com)
I now don't believe that polio vaccines eradicated polio. (lewrockwell.com)
MRC5 (DNA from aborted "human" fetal lung tissue) is contained in MMR & polio vaccines. (wnd.com)
Companies making measles and polio vaccines also dropped out of the U.S. market, leaving just one company for each. (forbes.com)

Prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines. (nih.gov)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine ( 2 doses ) (Cervarix or Gardasil): this immunization prevents many HPV-related cancers that occur later in life. (hhs.gov)
At $360, the Gardasil vaccine against four types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most expensive vaccines on the market. (cato.org)

Nov. 13, 2019 -- Unlike some vaccines , there's been so much demand for the new shingles vaccine Shingrix that it's not always easy to find. (webmd.com)
GlaxoSmithKline has ramped up its production of the vaccine, and the company says it plans to significantly increase the number of available doses in 2019. (webmd.com)
[9] [10] A 2019 Cochrane review concluded that RV1, RV5, and Rotavac vaccines are safe and are effective at preventing diarrhea. (wikipedia.org)
A vaccine for the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) isn't currently available. (healthline.com)

Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines, Second Edition, provides in-depth insights and overviews of the most successful adjuvants, those that have been included in licensed products, also covering the most promising technologies that have emerged in recent years. (elsevier.com)
In contrast to existing books on the subject, the chapters here provide summaries of key data on the mechanisms of action of the individual vaccine adjuvants. (elsevier.com)

After the September 11th terrorist attacks, our Campaign succeeded in obtaining ethical smallpox vaccines and currently, negotiations are underway to bring an ethical alternative for the abortion-tainted rubella vaccine into the United States. (archive.org)

One hundred years ago, children received 1 vaccine (the smallpox vaccine). (aappublications.org)
The smallpox vaccine that every war fighter (the troops that defend our nation) is required to have is laced with aborted "human" fetal tissue. (wnd.com)

Severe reactions to the whole-cell pertussis vaccine have spurred worldwide efforts to produce a safer vaccine. (healthy.net)
The acellular form of the pertussis vaccine seems to diminish mild-type reactions compared to the whole-cell vaccine. (healthy.net)
Lisa is misleading you about the Pertussis vaccine. (yahoo.com)

Microbiologists who are routinely exposed to Neisseria meningitidis should get meningococcal conjugate vaccine and serogroup B meningococcal vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Mild side effects of the meningococcal vaccines include redness and soreness around the injection area and, in some cases, a mild fever. (sheknows.com)
Quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines. (nih.gov)
Monovalent serogroup C conjugate vaccines have become established in the immunisation programmes in many countries and the first quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine, containing the polysaccharides from 4 of the serogroups A, C, Y and W-135 meningococci conjugated to a protein carrier was licensed in the US in 2005. (nih.gov)

In 2011, an Institute of Medicine (IOM) report external icon on eight vaccines given to children and adults found that with rare exceptions, these vaccines are very safe. (cdc.gov)
The vaccine is safe for healthy adults ages 50 and over. (webmd.com)
Adults need shots (vaccines) just like kids do. (healthfinder.gov)
Did you know that certain vaccines are recommended for adults and adolescents? (healthfinder.gov)
It's important for both children and adults to get their vaccines according to the schedule. (medlineplus.gov)
Which Vaccines Should Adults Get? (medicinenet.com)
What are the recommended vaccines for adults? (medicinenet.com)
He looked at the immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine in healthy adults. (webmd.com)
Adults need vaccines for several reasons. (hhs.gov)
Now more and more vaccines are developed for use among elderly, pregnant mothers, adolescents, travellers and adults in a population. (news-medical.net)
Ohio State University researcher Ron Glaser and his colleagues studied 52 older adults who had never before received a pneumonia vaccine. (scientificamerican.com)
In total, over 256 million adults in the EU have now received a full vaccine course. (europa.eu)

3 At that time, they found that by using serologic measures, i.e., the increase in influenza antibodies identified in the blood, results in an overestimation of vaccine efficacy. (mercola.com)
COVID-19 vaccines: What does 95% efficacy actually mean? (livescience.com)
The overarching objective was to take stock of the many efforts currently under way to rapidly evaluate Ebola vaccines for safety and efficacy. (who.int)
FDA leadership outlines steps the FDA will take to ensure the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines for young children. (fda.gov)
The vaccine has limited efficacy-60-80 effective in various studies. (healthy.net)
We've never seen a vaccine for a respiratory virus infection with this efficacy" in humans, says Drew Weissman, M.D., a vaccine researcher and professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, who helped develop the technology used for both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. (aarp.org)
The Commission has so far given 4 conditional marketing authorisations for the vaccines developed by BioNTech and Pfizer , Moderna , AstraZeneca and Janssen Pharmaceutica NV following EMA positive assessment of their safety and efficacy. (europa.eu)

In general, live-virus vaccines (MMR, varicella, yellow fever) should be administered on the same day or spaced ≥28 days apart. (cdc.gov)
On a Baltic Sea island once used by the Nazis for biological weapon research, German scientists are developing virus vaccines that could save lives. (courthousenews.com)
Live virus vaccines include MMR and chickenpox. (aap.org)

Conjugate vaccines are expected to dominate the market during the forecast period. (reportsnreports.com)
By technology, the vaccines market is segmented into conjugate vaccines, inactivated and subunit vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, recombinant vaccines, and toxoid vaccines. (reportsnreports.com)

If you were born in 1957 or later and have not had the MMR vaccine, or if you don't have a blood test that shows you are immune to rubella, only 1 dose of MMR is recommended. (cdc.gov)
Infants who will be traveling outside the United States when they are between 6 and 11 months of age should get a dose of MMR vaccine before travel. (cdc.gov)
In order to complete vaccine series before travel, vaccine doses can be administered at the minimum ages and dose intervals. (cdc.gov)
The FDA has authorized a third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine for people who received either the Pfizer-BioNTech or the Moderna COVID-19 vaccines and have a qualifying medical condition , as defined by the CDC. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Get additional information about the vaccine, where to receive your dose and what to expect afterward. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The World Health Organization recommends the first dose of vaccine be given right after 6 weeks of age. (wikipedia.org)
It is also used in vials that contain more than one dose of vaccine. (aap.org)
and HPV vaccine coverage rates of at least one dose were 69 percent for girls and 63 percent for boys. (hhs.gov)
According to the Guardian , Moderna tested both a third dose of its initial SARS-CoV-2 vaccine as well as an updated booster aimed specifically at variants in a small trial of 40 people who had previously received its vaccine. (genomeweb.com)
It is a live, weakened vaccine administered as a single, oral liquid dose of about three fluid ounces at least 10 days before travel to a cholera-affected region. (medscape.com)
A single-dose vaccine is especially beneficial to a person who needs to travel to a cholera-affected region on short notice. (medscape.com)
Catherine Harris, 72, gets her first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in the community room of a low-income senior housing complex in Richmond, Calif. She got her shot from a mobile vaccine team that visits Contra Costa County's vulnerable residents. (mercurynews.com)

Startling new research published in the journal Apoptosis indicates that hepatitis B vaccine, which is designed to prevent Hepatitis B virus-induced damage to the liver, actually causes liver cell destruction. (greenmedinfo.com)
The hepatitis B vaccine includes two doses given a month apart. (webmd.com)
Michael Belkin was a financial forecaster and statistician uninvolved in medical policy -- that is, until his infant daughter died after receiving a hepatitis B vaccine. (wnd.com)
How did you first get involved in the issue of mandated hepatitis B vaccines? (wnd.com)
Medicare covers the costs of several vaccines (and their administration), including those for the flu, hepatitis B, and pneumonia. (healthline.com)
Horowitz said that newborns are needlessly injected with the Hepatitis B vaccine and exposed to heavy metal toxicities and amino acid poisons. (coasttocoastam.com)
While Gates' vaccine-based giving-closing in on $6 billion to fight measles, hepatitis B, rotavirus and AIDS, among others-is part of the largest, most human-driven philanthropy in the history of mankind, what's missing in his language are the individual -humans. (forbes.com)

Vaccines effect their immune protection primarily by stimulation of B lymphocytes, and with rare exception, CD4 + T cells, to produce antibodies that are capable of binding specifically to a toxin or pathogen epitope. (medscape.com)
What we found was, people who slept fewer hours on average produced fewer antibodies to the vaccine," Prather says. (webmd.com)

Because HPV can cause problems like some kinds of cancer and genital warts, a vaccine is an important step in preventing infection and protecting against the spread of HPV. (kidshealth.org)
The most important way to protect against HPV infection is by getting the HPV vaccine. (kidshealth.org)
Vaccines are available to help prevent infection by certain types of HPV and some of the cancers linked to those types. (cancer.org)
All of these vaccines help prevent infection by HPV-16 and HPV-18. (cancer.org)
Some vaccines are prophylactic and are used to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by any natural or 'wild' pathogen. (news-medical.net)
The vaccines have an excellent safety profile, are highly immunogenic, and have conferred complete type-specific protection against persistent infection and associated lesions in fully vaccinated women. (nih.gov)
Vaccines are medicines, usually given as shots, that prepare the body to fight an infection. (hhs.gov)
Meanwhile, the Israeli team reports in the Lancet that the vaccine was 95.3 percent effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection during a time when the B.1.1.7 variant was the predominant strain in Israel. (genomeweb.com)

Traditional vaccines, like those for measles and flu, insert a weakened or inactivated germ into the body to trigger an immune response. (aarp.org)
This helps to shortcut a lot of the processes that traditional vaccines require," Fuller says. (aarp.org)
The approach is different from that of more traditional vaccines, which often use a weakened or dead version of a virus, or a laboratory-generated protein. (washingtonpost.com)
For example, one of the taxpayer-funded vaccines uses new messenger RNA technology that will simplify production compared to traditional vaccines and make future needed changes to the vaccine easier to carry out. (foreignpolicy.com)

A nurse prepares a vaccine to be given to a child in a hospital in Beijing, China, April 13, 2016. (reuters.com)

The European Commission has secured up to 4.6 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines so far and negotiations are underway for additional doses. (europa.eu)

Juan Andres, Chief Technical Operations and Quality Officer at Moderna, said: "The ability to store our vaccine for up to 6 months at -20C including up to 30 days at normal refrigerator conditions after thawing is an important development and would enable simpler distribution. (thesun.co.uk)
How do the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines work? (washingtonpost.com)
The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna shots are the first vaccines using messenger RNA technology approved for human use by the Food and Drug Administration. (washingtonpost.com)
This vaccine, co-developed by Moderna and U.S. government scientists, provides 95 percent effectiveness in blocking COVID-19 symptoms. (foreignpolicy.com)
While the shot has come to be referred to as the "Moderna vaccine," it should rightly be known as the "NIH vaccine. (foreignpolicy.com)
And while pressure on Moderna has led to a pledge that it will not enforce patents around the globe during the pandemic, the pledge falls short of enabling middle- and low-income countries to manufacture the vaccine, as they would also need the "recipe," generally called the "know-how," to make use of the patents. (foreignpolicy.com)

It takes recombinant protein-based technology used to produce the seasonal flu vaccine, which is then combined with GSK's established pandemic adjuvant technology. (thesun.co.uk)

One vaccine ingredient that has been studied specifically is thimerosal , a mercury-based preservative used to prevent contamination of multidose vials of vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Thimerosal-free alternatives are also available for flu vaccine. (cdc.gov)
For more information, see the Timeline for Thimerosal in Vaccines . (cdc.gov)
Besides thimerosal, some people have had concerns about other vaccine ingredients in relation to ASD as well. (cdc.gov)
Thimerosal is a mercury-based preservative that has been used to prevent contamination of vaccines with bacteria and fungi. (aap.org)
MMR vaccine has never contained thimerosal. (aap.org)
Thimerosal and other neurotoxin/excitotoxins are contained in the vaccines administered to the public. (wnd.com)
As with Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s criticisms of officials' attitude toward thimerosal, Wakefield argues that if we want to maintain high levels of vaccine compliance, we need to be especially careful about maintaining the public's confidence in their safety. (jhu.edu)

Not all travel-related vaccines are effective in infants, and some are specifically contraindicated. (cdc.gov)
It is a heavily guarded secret within the medical establishment (especially within the corridors of the CDC) that the Cochrane Database Review, which is the gold standard within the evidence-based medical model for assessing the effectiveness of common medical interventions, does not lend unequivocal scientific support to the belief and/or propaganda that flu vaccines are safe and effective. (greenmedinfo.com)
How Do We Know a COVID-19 Vaccine Will Be Safe and Effective? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In spite of these risks, the vaccine industry and their puppets are doing everything to promote their "safe and effective" vaccine propaganda. (naturalnews.com)
Vaccine introduction grants (VIGs) cover a share of the cost of pre-introduction activities (such as health worker training) and are intended to facilitate the timely and effective introduction of new vaccines into routine immunisation programmes. (gavi.org)
Operational support for campaigns (Ops) aims to facilitate the timely and effective delivery of vaccines to communities targeted by a campaign. (gavi.org)
Given the public health need for safe and effective Ebola interventions, WHO regards the expedited evaluation of all Ebola vaccines with clinical grade material as a high priority. (who.int)
Tests are first done in research labs, and then if the vaccine looks effective and safe, researchers can apply to do clinical trials. (harvard.edu)
At hand is the need for vaccine development and strategies to aid underserved nations with the ability to produce vaccines locally in a cost-effective manner. (pnas.org)
Government officials hope to identify one or more safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines over the next few months as part of a multi-agency effort known as Operation Warp Speed. (kff.org)
Unfortunately, the percentages the company is quoting do not indicate that it will be as effective as many of the vaccines we are used to. (gadling.com)
The Dutch whole-cell vaccine is usually nearly 100 per cent effective and 96 per cent of all children are immunised, so the rash of cases has been confounding experts for the past 18 months. (newscientist.com)
The anti-Zika virus vaccine candidates in the pipeline as well as ongoing efforts to identify therapeutics effective against this pathogen were discussed. (fda.gov)
So far results from trials suggest that the vaccines using such science are highly effective - 94 to 95 percent - at protecting people from COVID-19. (aarp.org)
The conventional paradigm states that vaccines are safe and effective, and can be given to virtually anybody regardless of how sick they are. (lewrockwell.com)
The researchers then tested if these dried vaccines could be reconstituted easily and whether they were as effective as traditional cold-stored vaccines. (www.nhs.uk)
The Qatari team reports in the New England Journal of Medicine that the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was between 87 percent and 89.5 percent effective against the B.1.1.7 variant and between 72 percent and 75 percent effective against the B.1.351 variant. (genomeweb.com)
Because vaccines may get less effective over the years, you may need to talk with your doctor about how frequently you should get certain ones. (healthline.com)
One reason for caution is that the vaccines in use are robustly - but not completely - effective at preventing covid-19 from the original strain of the coronavirus they were tested against. (washingtonpost.com)
At the same time it has started work to tackle new variants, aiming to rapidly develop and produce effective vaccines against these variants on a large scale. (europa.eu)
These help to make the vaccine safer and more effective and there is no evidence the ingredients are harmful in the small quantities used in vaccines. (nidirect.gov.uk)

To help you find Shingrix in your area, GSK offers a shingles vaccine locator on its website. (webmd.com)
Eight people claim in separate federal complaints that Merck's Zostavax shingles vaccine gave them shingles . (courthousenews.com)

Two candidate vaccines have clinical-grade vials available for phase 1 pre-licensure clinical trials. (who.int)
The vaccine process is happening faster because vaccine research and development, clinical trials, manufacturing, and plans for distribution are taking place at the same time. (harvard.edu)
When vaccine manufacturers apply for approval for their vaccine, the results of all the clinical trials are considered. (harvard.edu)
In addition to Hantavax three more vaccine candidates have been studied in I-II stage clinical trials. (wikipedia.org)
HUNDREDS of clinical trials for a Covid-19 vaccine have been in the works in labs across the world with one finally giving hope for a cure. (thesun.co.uk)
Dr Onyema Ogbuagu, who is serving as principal investigator for Pfizer's vaccine clinical trials , said there's no way to know for sure when its vaccine will be available, but researchers hope the trial results will be in by November. (thesun.co.uk)
Within a few weeks of the novel coronavirus genome sequence being published, numerous therapies and vaccines have entered clinical trials with a few showing great promise in alleviating symptoms and accelerating recovery. (nature.com)
Many clinical trials are being conducted for HIV therapeutic vaccines, such as those conducted by AIDSinfo, summaries for their trials are available at their website. (wikipedia.org)

Some people have had concerns that ASD might be linked to the vaccines children receive, but studies have shown that there is no link between receiving vaccines and developing ASD. (cdc.gov)
Children 12 months through 12 years of age might receive MMR vaccine together with varicella vaccine in a single shot, known as MMRV. (cdc.gov)
Today, children receive 11 vaccines routinely and as many as 20 shots by 2 years of age (Table 1) . (aappublications.org)
The immunization schedules for infants and children in the United States do not provide specific guidelines for those traveling internationally before the age when specific vaccines are routinely recommended. (cdc.gov)
Parents who exercise a vaccine exemption for their children are often ridiculed for putting their own children and others at risk. (greenmedinfo.com)
Rotavirus vaccine is a vaccine used to protect against rotavirus infections, which are the leading cause of severe diarrhea among young children. (wikipedia.org)
[3] The vaccines decrease the risk of death among young children due to diarrhea. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, the vaccines may also prevent illness in non-vaccinated children by limiting exposure through the number of circulating infections. (wikipedia.org)
[2] Because the majority of cases occur between six months and two years of age, the vaccine is not recommended for use in children over two years of age. (wikipedia.org)
For anyone who missed our recent VRM Vaccine Summit, the upcoming Silent No More Project brings together the same parents of vaccine-injured children in a more intimate setting. (ustream.tv)
In fact, it is estimated that removal of this barrier could give an added benefit of as much as $300 million per year, which could provide vaccines for an additional 10 million children ( 15 ). (pnas.org)
For the past several years, GlaxoSmithKline has conducted tests of its vaccine on almost 15,500 children in seven African countries. (gadling.com)
Until recently, most vaccines were aimed at babies and children alone. (news-medical.net)
One study published in 2010 was conducted in response to concerns about the total number of vaccines children receive. (mattcutts.com)
Vaccines against a common cause of infant diarrhea have kept hundreds of thousands of children out of the hospital, saving nearly $1 billion in their first four years, a new study shows. (usatoday.com)
Vaccines against rotavirus have kept hundreds of thousands of children out of the hospital, saving nearly $1 billion in healthcare costs. (usatoday.com)
The vaccine is for children aged 6 weeks to 6 months of age, to prevent diarrhea caused by rotavirus. (usatoday.com)
In the first four years they were available, vaccines against rotavirus prevented more than 176,000 hospitalizations, 242,000 emergency department visits, and 1.1 million doctor's visits among children under 5, the study says. (usatoday.com)
Up to 60 American children a year died before the vaccine was available, despite the best medical care. (usatoday.com)
Two decades later, however, it's clear that the chickenpox shot has actually protected people of all ages, says Roger Baxter, the study's lead author and co-director of the Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center in Oakland, Calif. Chickenpox infections fell 90% to 95% for children ages 5 to 19. (usatoday.com)
A STRAIN of whooping cough that is resistant to a leading vaccine is causing an epidemic among children in the Netherlands and is spreading across Europe. (newscientist.com)
Groups of parents began refusing vaccines for their children. (newsweek.com)
A study of exemption rates by the Associated Press finds that more and more parents are skipping required vaccines for their children, often out of fear that shots do more harm than good. (theatlantic.com)
Vaccines that kill children? (wnd.com)
I pray for these individuals because in their effort to prevent their children from the dangers of vaccines, they are likely to suffer severe consequences from Social Services or other government organizations. (wnd.com)
Here's my question: How many are there among us who desire to refuse vaccines for their children, but end up having their children vaccinated because they feel that they are under duress? (wnd.com)
Traveling children need special attention to their vaccine status. (wikiquote.org)

Initially, participants in all three groups showed a positive response to the vaccine, including high levels of immunoglobin-G (IgG), an antibody the body produces to fight pneumococcal bacteria. (scientificamerican.com)

Antibody responses in humans to an inactivated hantavirus vaccine (Hantavax). (wikipedia.org)
We measured antibody response just before the second vaccine and just before the third, and then six months after the series was over," he says. (webmd.com)
Here, the authors develop a self-amplifying RNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein encapsulated within a lipid nanoparticle as a vaccine candidate and show induction of neutralization antibody titers in mice that are comparable to titers in convalescent sera of patients. (nature.com)

Combined MMR and varicella live vaccine is associated with higher rates of febrile convulsion than giving the vaccines separately. (greenmedinfo.com)

Tdap and flu are the only vaccines recommended for all pregnant women, but some people may need additional shots-so check with your doctor. (yahoo.com)

The FDA updated the Pfizer-BioNTech emergency use authorization (EUA) to support the extension of shelf-life of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine stored at -90 degrees to -60 degrees Celsius from 6 months to 9 months. (fda.gov)
The New York Times reports that researchers in Qatar and Israel examined real-world data to gauge how well the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine worked against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants. (genomeweb.com)

However, no links have been found between any vaccine ingredients and ASD. (cdc.gov)
The only people who should definitely not get this vaccine are pregnant women and anyone who has ever had a severe allergic reaction to Shingrix or any of its ingredients. (webmd.com)
Others may be allergic to certain vaccine ingredients. (medlineplus.gov)
Testing includes careful examination of the vaccine and its ingredients. (harvard.edu)
When parents ask about the ingredients in vaccines, ask what concerns them specifically. (aap.org)
Most people are not concerned about vaccine ingredients and know that they are safe. (nidirect.gov.uk)
Vaccines do sometimes contain other ingredients. (nidirect.gov.uk)
You can read more about vaccine ingredients on the electronic medicines compendium website . (nidirect.gov.uk)

Could A Malaria Vaccine Be On The Way? (gadling.com)
The UK drug company GlaxoSmithKline is applying for regulatory approval of the world's first malaria vaccine, the BBC reports . (gadling.com)
GlaxoSmithKline's research was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the company says it will make the vaccine affordable for poorer nations.Ninety percent of the world's malaria cases are in the poorer regions of sub-Saharan Africa where the vaccine was tested. (gadling.com)
This will be of particular importance for the distribution of any HIV and malaria vaccines that may be developed, as these illnesses are very common in some hot, remote parts of Africa. (www.nhs.uk)
Gates rattles off milestones in the history of global health and the prices of vaccines down to the penny, but blanks on the name of one of his favorite vaccine heroes, John Enders, the late Nobel laureate, or Joe Cohen, a key inventor of the new malaria vaccine Gates helped bankroll. (forbes.com)

Explore the latest studies, news, publications, and events covering the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccine development by experts at IVAC. (jhsph.edu)
When a vaccine against the pandemic strain was released for initial use, the supply was only 25%-50% of the amount that had been projected because vaccine production yields were lower than expected ( 7 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
The poll examines the public's views on the coronavirus pandemic and a COVID-19 vaccine, as well as trust and confidence in public figures and institutions. (kff.org)
vaccines stand as our only chance to prevent pandemic influenza, AIDS, and bioterror, and our best chance to prevent certain cancers. (google.com)
A vaccine could put an end to a pandemic that has taken thousands of American lives. (healthline.com)

While we wait for a vaccine, GMO mosquitoes are here now to help control the outbreak. (reason.com)
Three months after health officials declared the end of a measles outbreak, the New York attorney general is celebrating the end of a lawsuit that cast the state's vaccine mandate as religious discrimination. (courthousenews.com)
We have sized the financing deficit for this portfolio and analyze several potential solutions, including price increases, enhanced public-private partnerships, and subscription models through which individuals would pay annual fees to obtain access to a portfolio of vaccines in the event of an outbreak. (nber.org)

A second study found that the chickenpox vaccine slashed the number of hospitalizations by 90% from 1994 to 2009. (usatoday.com)
Others cite religious reasons or the sheer volume of shots, which has increased with the development of new vaccines, like the one for chickenpox. (theatlantic.com)

Bacillus Calmettle-Guerin (TheraCys) is a live attenuated vaccine which makes use of Mycobacterium bovis strain for bladder invasive cancer. (wikipedia.org)

It's just remarkable," says Wilbur Chen, MD, an associate professor of medicine at the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine. (webmd.com)

People who are moderately or severely ill should usually wait until they recover before getting MMR vaccine. (cdc.gov)
That's why doctors recommend that all people get the vaccine starting from age 9 to 11 through age 26. (kidshealth.org)
The vaccine does not protect people against strains of HPV that might have infected them before getting the vaccine. (kidshealth.org)
Side effects that people get from the HPV vaccine usually are minor. (kidshealth.org)
Most people have no trouble with the vaccine. (kidshealth.org)
Before reviewing influenza vaccines, It is important to remember that the majority of respiratory influenza-like illness that people experience during any given flu season is NOT type A or B influenza. (mercola.com)
It has since spent millions to fund development of a new, safer vaccine and has already decided to order enough to protect at least 10 million people. (washingtonpost.com)
Progress on safer vaccines is a success for U.S. policymakers, but it also confronts them with vexing new questions about which vaccines to buy, how many doses to buy, whether to resume a failed program to inoculate some people in advance of an attack and how to deploy the vaccines rapidly if smallpox is unleashed by terrorists. (washingtonpost.com)
A vaccine, or immunization, schedule lists which vaccines are recommended for different groups of people. (medlineplus.gov)
The most commonly used vaccines we have today have been in use for decades, with millions of people receiving them safely every year. (harvard.edu)
A team of British scientists believe they are one of the first to start animal testing of a vaccine for the new coronavirus that has killed more than 1,000 people and spread around the world. (courthousenews.com)
This policy watch looks at the expected ramp up in vaccine supply, and what this could mean for increasing the number of people getting vaccinated. (kff.org)
In his latest Axios column, Drew Altman shows why vaccine hesitancy will naturally decrease as more and more people see their family members and friends vaccinated without adverse consequences. (kff.org)
People who slept less than six hours on average were 11.5 times more likely to be unprotected [after the vaccine ] than those who slept more than seven hours," he says. (webmd.com)
In comparison, 90 people given a dummy vaccine fell ill, according to the US biotechnology company. (thesun.co.uk)
If and when they succeed, their focus will shift to making sure people across the country can access the vaccine. (kff.org)
With planning beginning for an eventual COVID-19 vaccine, one important consideration is making sure that distribution processes and outreach and communication strategies reach people of color. (kff.org)
Sir, - There appears to be a marked reluctance by either the Department of Health or Nphet to inform the general public of the numbers of people who have received their first doses of the vaccine. (irishtimes.com)
Guillain-Barré syndrome has been reported among some people who have received the vaccine, but the cases are so rare that it has not yet been determined if the vaccine caused the reaction. (sheknows.com)
It's already used in some cancer treatments and has been studied in people in trials of vaccines for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the flu. (aarp.org)
It is an absolutely fascinating read, and in some ways demonstrates that enforcement of vaccine programs could be far worse today, when compared to historical standards when people were imprisoned and even killed when they refused to comply. (lewrockwell.com)
Unbeknownst to most people, the Supreme Court heard a case last week that, had they ruled differently, might have destroyed the vaccine system in the United States. (forbes.com)
The team of county nurses and nonprofit workers is targeting Contra Costa County residents who are eligible for COVID-19 vaccines but have been left out: residents of small assisted-living facilities that haven't yet been visited by CVS or Walgreens, and occasionally people who live in low-income senior housing. (mercurynews.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms38

Diseases35

Chemicals and Drugs105

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes22

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care11

Geographicals1

Interrupting the transmission of respiratory tract infections: theory and practice. (1/1781)

Home delivery of heat-stable vaccines in Indonesia: outreach immunization with a prefilled, single-use injection device. (2/1781)

A contraceptive peptide vaccine targeting sulfated glycoprotein ZP2 of the mouse zona pellucida. (3/1781)

Molecular characterization of a Haemaphysalis longicornis tick salivary gland-associated 29-kilodalton protein and its effect as a vaccine against tick infestation in rabbits. (4/1781)

Impact of vaccines universally recommended for children--United States, 1990-1998. (5/1781)

Interleukin-12 as an adjuvant for an antischistosome vaccine consisting of adult worm antigens: protection of rats from cercarial challenge. (6/1781)

Single-dose mucosal immunization with biodegradable microparticles containing a Schistosoma mansoni antigen. (7/1781)

Heat shock protein-based therapeutic strategies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. (8/1781)

Vaccines

Vaccines, Inactivated

Viral Vaccines

Vaccines, Combined

Vaccines, DNA

Vaccines, Synthetic

Bacterial Vaccines

AIDS Vaccines

Vaccines, Subunit

Vaccines, Conjugate

Vaccination

Malaria Vaccines

Papillomavirus Vaccines

Meningococcal Vaccines

Hepatitis B Vaccines

Measles Vaccine

Pertussis Vaccine

Haemophilus Vaccines

BCG Vaccine

Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated

Rabies Vaccines

Rotavirus Vaccines

Cholera Vaccines

Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Smallpox Vaccine

Tuberculosis Vaccines

Antibodies, Viral

Chickenpox Vaccine

Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine

Mumps Vaccine

Hepatitis A Vaccines

Immunization Schedule

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Immunization, Secondary

Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine

Streptococcal Vaccines

Anthrax Vaccines

Dengue Vaccines

Vaccines, Virosome

Immunization

Viral Hepatitis Vaccines

Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral

Yellow Fever Vaccine

Antibodies, Bacterial

Plague Vaccine

Fungal Vaccines

Rubella Vaccine

Vaccines, Acellular

SAIDS Vaccines

Salmonella Vaccines

Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Ebola Vaccines

Influenza, Human

Antibodies, Neutralizing

Staphylococcal Vaccines

Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines

Cytomegalovirus Vaccines

Immunization Programs

Injections, Intramuscular

Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine

Poliovirus Vaccines

Administration, Intranasal

Escherichia coli Vaccines

Immunoglobulin G

West Nile Virus Vaccines

Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests

Shigella Vaccines

Neutralization Tests

Antibody Formation

Herpes Zoster Vaccine

Polysorbates

Immunity, Humoral

Brucella Vaccine

Tetanus Toxoid

Herpesvirus Vaccines

Injections, Intradermal

Leishmaniasis Vaccines

Aluminum Hydroxide

Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype