Dengue Virus: A species of the genus FLAVIVIRUS which causes an acute febrile and sometimes hemorrhagic disease in man. Dengue is mosquito-borne and four serotypes are known.Immunodominant Epitopes: Subunits of the antigenic determinant that are most easily recognized by the immune system and thus most influence the specificity of the induced antibody.Dengue: An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.Epitopes: Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.Severe Dengue: A virulent form of dengue characterized by THROMBOCYTOPENIA and an increase in vascular permeability (grades I and II) and distinguished by a positive pain test (e.g., TOURNIQUET PAIN TEST). When accompanied by SHOCK (grades III and IV), it is called dengue shock syndrome.Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte: Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.Epitope Mapping: Methods used for studying the interactions of antibodies with specific regions of protein antigens. Important applications of epitope mapping are found within the area of immunochemistry.Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte: Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the B-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the B-cell receptor are located on the surface of the antigen.Vaccines: Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.Dengue Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with DENGUE VIRUS. These include live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, and inactivated vaccines.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Viral Vaccines: Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.Aedes: A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.Vaccines, Inactivated: Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.Antigens, Viral: Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.Vaccines, Synthetic: Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.Cross Reactions: Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.Vaccines, DNA: Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.Peptide Fragments: Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.Bacterial Vaccines: Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic: Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.Vaccines, Combined: Two or more vaccines in a single dosage form.Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).AIDS Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.Immunoglobulin G: The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes: A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Antibody Specificity: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.Viral Envelope Proteins: Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.Virus Replication: The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.Mice, Inbred BALB CAntigens, Bacterial: Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.Vaccines, Subunit: Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.Peptides: Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes: A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.Neutralization Tests: The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).Vaccinia virus: The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.Vaccination: Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.Antigen Presentation: The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Some antigens require processing before they can be recognized. Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (From Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)Lymphocyte Activation: Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.RNA Viruses: Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.Antibodies, Bacterial: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.Vaccines, Conjugate: Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.Viral Nonstructural Proteins: Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.T-Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.Antibodies, Neutralizing: Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.RNA, Viral: Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Interferon-gamma: The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.Vero Cells: A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Antibody-Dependent Enhancement: Enhancement of viral infectivity caused by non-neutralizing antibodies. There are at least two mechanisms known to account for this: mediation by Fc receptors (RECEPTORS, FC) or by complement receptors (RECEPTORS, COMPLEMENT). Either the virus is complexed with antiviral IMMUNOGLOBULIN G and binds to Fc receptors, or virus is coated with antiviral IMMUNOGLOBULIN M and binds to complement receptors.Autoantigens: Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.Immune Sera: Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.Virus Cultivation: Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.Cercopithecus aethiops: A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.H-2 Antigens: The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.Insect Vectors: Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.Mice, Inbred C57BLReceptors, Virus: Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.Serotyping: Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Culicidae: A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.Malaria Vaccines: Vaccines made from antigens arising from any of the four strains of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans, or from P. berghei which causes malaria in rodents.HLA-DR Antigens: A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.Viral Proteins: Proteins found in any species of virus.Virus Shedding: The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).Papillomavirus Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS. Human vaccines are intended to reduce the incidence of UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS, so they are sometimes considered a type of CANCER VACCINES. They are often composed of CAPSID PROTEINS, especially L1 protein, from various types of ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS.Flavivirus: A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE containing several subgroups and many species. Most are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. The type species is YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.West Nile virus: A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.Virus Diseases: A general term for diseases produced by viruses.Yellow fever virus: The type species of the FLAVIVIRUS genus. Principal vector transmission to humans is by AEDES spp. mosquitoes.Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype: A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.Recombinant Fusion Proteins: Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Disease Outbreaks: Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.Viral Plaque Assay: Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.Virus Assembly: The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Meningococcal Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.Histocompatibility Antigens Class II: Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.Hepatitis B Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.Thailand: Formerly known as Siam, this is a Southeast Asian nation at the center of the Indochina peninsula. Bangkok is the capital city.Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype: A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1. The H5N1 subtype, frequently referred to as the bird flu virus, is endemic in wild birds and very contagious among both domestic (POULTRY) and wild birds. It does not usually infect humans, but some cases have been reported.Immunoglobulin M: A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.Measles virus: The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.BCG Vaccine: An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. bovis, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity.Simian virus 40: A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests: Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.Rabies virus: The type species of LYSSAVIRUS causing rabies in humans and other animals. Transmission is mostly by animal bites through saliva. The virus is neurotropic multiplying in neurons and myotubes of vertebrates.Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype: A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 3 and neuraminidase 2. The H3N2 subtype was responsible for the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968.NicaraguaDefective Viruses: Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus: Membrane glycoproteins from influenza viruses which are involved in hemagglutination, virus attachment, and envelope fusion. Fourteen distinct subtypes of HA glycoproteins and nine of NA glycoproteins have been identified from INFLUENZA A VIRUS; no subtypes have been identified for Influenza B or Influenza C viruses.Mice, Transgenic: Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Measles Vaccine: A live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had measles or been immunized with live measles vaccine and have no serum antibodies against measles. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Plant Viruses: Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.Viremia: The presence of viruses in the blood.Capsid Proteins: Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.Rabies Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent and treat RABIES. The inactivated virus vaccine is used for preexposure immunization to persons at high risk of exposure, and in conjunction with rabies immunoglobulin, for postexposure prophylaxis.Virion: The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.DNA Viruses: Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.Pertussis Vaccine: A suspension of killed Bordetella pertussis organisms, used for immunization against pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH). It is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP). There is an acellular pertussis vaccine prepared from the purified antigenic components of Bordetella pertussis, which causes fewer adverse reactions than whole-cell vaccine and, like the whole-cell vaccine, is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Sindbis Virus: The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.Immunization, Secondary: Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.Adjuvants, Immunologic: Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated: A suspension of formalin-inactivated poliovirus grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture and used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS.Antiviral Agents: Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.Haemophilus Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing antigenic polysaccharides from Haemophilus influenzae and designed to prevent infection. The vaccine can contain the polysaccharides alone or more frequently polysaccharides conjugated to carrier molecules. It is also seen as a combined vaccine with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine.Smallpox Vaccine: A live VACCINIA VIRUS vaccine of calf lymph or chick embryo origin, used for immunization against smallpox. It is now recommended only for laboratory workers exposed to smallpox virus. Certain countries continue to vaccinate those in the military service. Complications that result from smallpox vaccination include vaccinia, secondary bacterial infections, and encephalomyelitis. (Dorland, 28th ed)Tuberculosis Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat TUBERCULOSIS.Genetic Vectors: DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.Chikungunya virus: A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing an acute dengue-like fever.RNA Helicases: A family of proteins that promote unwinding of RNA during splicing and translation.Genes, Viral: The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.Cricetinae: A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.Rotavirus Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with ROTAVIRUS.Hepatitis B virus: The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.Simian immunodeficiency virus: Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). The genetic organization of SIV is virtually identical to HIV.Respiratory Syncytial Viruses: A group of viruses in the PNEUMOVIRUS genus causing respiratory infections in various mammals. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have also been reported.Influenza, Human: An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.HLA-A2 Antigen: A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*02 allele family.Cholera Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Capsid: The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.HIV-1: The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Vaccines, Virosome: Vaccines using VIROSOMES as the antigen delivery system that stimulates the desired immune response.HLA-A Antigens: Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.Host-Pathogen Interactions: The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.Yellow Fever Vaccine: Vaccine used to prevent YELLOW FEVER. It consists of a live attenuated 17D strain of the YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines: Vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER and/or PARATYPHOID FEVER which are caused by various species of SALMONELLA. Attenuated, subunit, and inactivated forms of the vaccines exist.Antibody Formation: The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.Chickenpox Vaccine: A live, attenuated varicella virus vaccine used for immunization against chickenpox. It is recommended for children between the ages of 12 months and 13 years.Viral Hepatitis Vaccines: Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.DNA, Viral: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Virology: The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of viruses, and VIRUS DISEASES.Flavivirus Infections: Infections with viruses of the genus FLAVIVIRUS, family FLAVIVIRIDAE.Virulence: The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.Antigens, Protozoan: Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.Immunization Schedule: Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization.Mumps Vaccine: Vaccines used to prevent infection by MUMPS VIRUS. Best known is the live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had mumps or been immunized with live mumps vaccine. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine.Orthomyxoviridae Infections: Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine: A vaccine consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and whole-cell PERTUSSIS VACCINE. The vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough.Hepatitis A Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Viral Structural Proteins: Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).Antibody Affinity: A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.VietnamVesicular stomatitis Indiana virus: The type species of VESICULOVIRUS causing a disease symptomatically similar to FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cattle, horses, and pigs. It may be transmitted to other species including humans, where it causes influenza-like symptoms.Vaccines, Attenuated: Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.HIV Antibodies: Antibodies reactive with HIV ANTIGENS.Immunity, Cellular: Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.Gene Products, gag: Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. The products are usually synthesized as protein precursors or POLYPROTEINS, which are then cleaved by viral proteases to yield the final products. Many of the final products are associated with the nucleoprotein core of the virion. gag is short for group-specific antigen.Streptococcal Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Viral Core Proteins: Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.HIV Infections: Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine: A combined vaccine used to prevent MEASLES; MUMPS; and RUBELLA.Models, Molecular: Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.Anthrax Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX.Clone Cells: A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Macaca mulatta: A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.Orthomyxoviridae: A family of RNA viruses causing INFLUENZA and other diseases. There are five recognized genera: INFLUENZAVIRUS A; INFLUENZAVIRUS B; INFLUENZAVIRUS C; ISAVIRUS; and THOGOTOVIRUS.Virus Activation: The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses (PROVIRUSES) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, IONIZING RADIATION, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.Genetic Variation: Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.SAIDS Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent SAIDS; (SIMIAN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME); and containing inactivated SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS or type D retroviruses or some of their component antigens.Encephalitis Virus, Japanese: A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE), which is the etiological agent of Japanese encephalitis found in Asia, southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Viral Load: The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.Leukocytes, Mononuclear: Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.Mumps virus: The type species of RUBULAVIRUS that causes an acute infectious disease in humans, affecting mainly children. Transmission occurs by droplet infection.Serologic Tests: Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.Virus Latency: The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. Latency in bacteriophage is maintained by the expression of virally encoded repressors.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Genome, Viral: The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Serine Endopeptidases: Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.Haplorhini: A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of six families: CEBIDAE (some New World monkeys), ATELIDAE (some New World monkeys), CERCOPITHECIDAE (Old World monkeys), HYLOBATIDAE (gibbons and siamangs), CALLITRICHINAE (marmosets and tamarins), and HOMINIDAE (humans and great apes).Administration, Intranasal: Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.Fungal Vaccines: Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.Cytotoxicity, Immunologic: The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.Sequence Alignment: The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.Americas: The general name for NORTH AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; and SOUTH AMERICA unspecified or combined.Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne: A subgroup of the genus FLAVIVIRUS that causes encephalitis and hemorrhagic fevers and is found in eastern and western Europe and the former Soviet Union. It is transmitted by TICKS and there is an associated milk-borne transmission from viremic cattle, goats, and sheep.Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins: Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.BrazilTravel: Aspects of health and disease related to travel.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Glycoproteins: Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.Dendritic Cells: Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).Immunity, Humoral: Antibody-mediated immune response. Humoral immunity is brought about by ANTIBODY FORMATION, resulting from TH2 CELLS activating B-LYMPHOCYTES, followed by COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION.Virus Attachment: The binding of virus particles to receptors on the host cell surface. For enveloped viruses, the virion ligand is usually a surface glycoprotein as is the cellular receptor. For non-enveloped viruses, the virus CAPSID serves as the ligand.B-Lymphocytes: Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.Immunologic Memory: The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.
West Nile fever"Immunodominant epitopes on the NS1 protein of MVE and KUN viruses serve as targets for a blocking ELISA to detect virus- ... A vaccine for horses (ATCvet code: QI05AA10 (WHO)) based on killed viruses exists; some zoos have given this vaccine to their ... cross-reactivity with dengue virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus". J. Med. Virol. 83 (10): 1861-5. doi:10.1002/jmv.22180. ... of West Nile virus encephalitis as well as other viruses. A vaccine called Chimerivax-WNV is being actively researched and has ...
"Circumsporozoite proteins of malaria parasites contain a single immunodominant region with two or more identical epitopes". J ... doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.142. பப்மெட் 15755604. *↑ Alonso PL, Sacarlal J, Aponte JJ, et al. (2004). "Efficacy of the RTS,S ... "Spatial patterns of and risk factors for seropositivity for dengue infection". Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 (2): 201-8. பப்மெட் ... "Bacteraemia among severely malnourished children infected and uninfected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Kampala, ...
"Circumsporozoite proteins of malaria parasites contain a single immunodominant region with two or more identical epitopes". J ... Vaccine. 23 (17-18): 2243-50. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.142. PMID 15755604.. Explicit use of et al. in: ,author=. (help)CS1 ... "Spatial patterns of and risk factors for seropositivity for dengue infection". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 72 (2): 201-8. PMID 15741558 ... "Bacteraemia among severely malnourished children infected and uninfected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Kampala, ...
Covalently linked dengue virus envelope glycoprotein dimers reduce exposure of the immunodominant fusion loop epitope •...A problem in the search for an efficient vaccine against dengue virus is the immunodominance of the fusion loop epitope (FLE), ... Covalently linked dengue virus envelope glycoprotein dimers reduce exposure of the immunodominant fusion loop epitope. ... In contrast, antibodies targeting the E dimer epitope (EDE), readily exposed at the E dimer interface over the region of the ... These locked dimers are strong immunogen candidates for a next-generation vaccine. ...
Welcome to CDC stacksDengue Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Dengue Vaccines Dengue Virus Disease Models, Animal Epitopes Humans Immune Refocusing Mice ... Manipulation of immunodominant dengue virus E protein epitopes reduces potential antibody-dependent enhancement ... Vaccine development is hindered by potential safety concerns due to antibody cross-reactivity with dengue virus and the ... Humoral Immune Responses of Dengue Fever Patients Using Epitope-Specific Serotype-2 Virus-Like Particle Antigens ...
Inhibitory Antibodies Targeting Emerging Viruses: Advancements and Mechanisms | Clinical and Vaccine ImmunologyStructure-guided design of an anti-dengue antibody directed to a non-immunodominant epitope. Cell 162:493-504. doi:10.1016/j. ... These MAbs were shown to target an epitope spanning both E proteins of an E protein dimer on partially mature virus-an epitope ... to combating viral diversity between related viruses is exemplified by a new tetravalent vaccine for treatment of dengue virus ... DENV belongs to the Flavivirus genus, which includes West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus, ZIKV, and several other viruses ...
Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for dengue. Vaccine 34:2934-2938 doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.073. ... The initial description of EDE antibodies reported that they were immunodominant in nearly half of the studys subjects ( ... Dengue Virus Envelope Dimer Epitope Monoclonal Antibodies Isolated from Dengue Patients Are Protective against Zika Virus. J. A ... Dengue Virus Envelope Dimer Epitope Monoclonal Antibodies Isolated from Dengue Patients Are Protective against Zika Virus ...
Cross-Protection of Dengue Virus Infection against Congenital Zika Syndrome, Northeastern Brazil - Volume 25, Number 8-August...... one potential explanation is that dengue virus (DENV)-mediated immune enhancement may promote CZS development. In contrast, our ... case-control framework in northeastern Brazil among 29 Zika virus-seropositive mothers of neonates with CZS and 108 Zika virus- ... The Zika virus outbreak in Latin America resulted in congenital malformations, called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). For ... Identification of Zika virus epitopes reveals immunodominant and protective roles for dengue virus cross-reactive CD8+ T cells. ...
As T cell epitope recognition depend on the HLA type of an individual, it would be now important to investigate how epitope ... These data suggest that certain HLA alleles confer susceptibility/protection to severe dengue infections. ... specific T cells associate with primary and secondary dengue infection … ... A Modified mRNA Vaccine Targeting Immunodominant NS Epitopes Protects Against Dengue Virus Infection in HLA Class I Transgenic ...
A Modified mRNA Vaccine Targeting Immunodominant NS Epitopes Protects Against Dengue Virus Infection in HLA Class I Transgenic ... Asymptomatic Dengue Virus Infections, Cambodia, 2012-2013. Emerging Infect. Dis. 2019;25 (7):1354-1362. doi: 10.3201/ ... They currently focus on mosquito-borne infections (malaria and dengue). They aim to identify genes governing infection outcome ... Genomic Epidemiology of 2015-2016 Zika Virus Outbreak in Cape Verde. Emerging Infect. Dis. 2020;26 (6):1084-1090. doi: 10.3201/ ...
Tyler Prestwood | Stanford Medicine ProfilesDengue virus (DENV) causes disease ranging from dengue fever (DF), a self-limited febrile illness, to the potentially lethal ... Finally, immunization with four of the immunodominant CD8(+) T cell epitopes enhanced viral clearance. Collectively, our ... providing rationale for designing DENV-specific vaccines that induce cell-mediated immunity. ... from dengue fever to the more serious dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Although T cells have been implicated in ...
Frontiers | T-Cell Immunity to Infection with Dengue Virus in Humans | ImmunologyA unique challenge in vaccine development against DENV is the high degree of sequence variation, characteristically associated ... The role of T cells in dengue virus infection and subsequent disease manifestations is not fully understood. According to the ... The role of T cells in dengue virus infection and subsequent disease manifestations is not fully understood. According to the ... In a small proportion of patients, the disease can exacerbate and progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and/or dengue ...
Covalently linked dengue virus envelope glycoprotein dimers reduce exposure of the immunodominant fusion loop epitope. Nat ... A problem in the search for an efficient vaccine against dengue virus is the immunodominance of the fusion loop epitope (FLE), ... Covalently linked dengue virus envelope glycoprotein dimers reduce exposure of the immunodominant fusion loop epitope. Nat ... A problem in the search for an efficient vaccine against dengue virus is the immunodominance of the fusion loop epitope (FLE), ...
Use of a recombinant gamma-2 herpesvirus vaccine vector against dengue virus in rhesus monkeys. Bischof, G. F., Magnani, D. M ... A human inferred germline antibody binds to an immunodominant epitope and neutralizes Zika virus. Magnani, D. M., Silveira, C. ... Dengue Virus Evades AAV-Mediated Neutralizing Antibody Prophylaxis in Rhesus Monkeys. Magnani, D. M., Ricciardi, M. J., Bailey ... Vaccine-induced immune responses against both Gag and Env improve control of simian immunodeficiency virus replication in ...
Molecularly engineered live-attenuated chimeric West Nile/dengue virus vaccines protect rhesus monkeys from West Nile virus. ... 5B). In contrast to what we observed with mouse serum and in support of the idea that the DII-fl epitope may be immunodominant ... Vaccines and Antiviral Agents. Induction of Epitope-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies against West Nile Virus. Theodore Oliphant ... Epitope determinants of a chimpanzee Fab antibody that efficiently cross-neutralizes dengue type 1 and type 2 viruses map to ...
Pathogens | Free Full-Text | A Single Dose of Modified Vaccinia Ankara Expressing Lassa Virus-like Particles Protects Mice...The vaccine induced low levels of antibodies but Lassa-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. This is the first report ... Caused by Lassa virus (LASV), the disease is a scourge on populations in endemic areas of West Africa, where reported incidence ... When expressed together, GP and Z form Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) in cell culture. Immunogenicity and efficacy of GEO-LM01 was ... Here, we report construction, characterization, and preclinical efficacy of a novel recombinant vaccine candidate GEO-LM01. ...
Ooi, Eng Eong | Duke-NUS Medical SchoolStructure-guided design of an antibody against dengue virus directed to a non-immunodominant epitope. Cell, 162:493-504. ... 2018) A systematic approach to the development of a safe live attenuated zika vaccine. Nat Commun, in press. ... 2011) Ligation of Fc gamma receptor IIB inhibits antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci ... Specifically, we are interested in elucidating: (1) how antibodies either protect against or enhance dengue virus infection and ...
The majority of cross-reactive antibodies against the immunodominant flavivirus envelope (E) protein target a conserved epitope ... including dengue, tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses. Cross-reactivity ... problematic in areas where different flaviviruses co-circulate or in populations that have been immunized with vaccines against ... West Nile Virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that continues to spread and cause disease throughout ...
Dengue virus envelope domain III immunization elicits predominantly cross-reactive, poorly neutralizing antibodies localized to...... is a mosquito-borne virus that causes severe health problems. An effective tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate that can ... Through further epitope mapping by yeast surface display, two residues in the AB loop, Q316 and H317, were discovered to be ... It is concluded that EDIII as an immunogen may elicit cross-reactive mAbs toward an epitope that is not exposed on the virion ... A better understanding of the antibody response to DENV envelope protein domain III (EDIII) may offer insights into vaccine ...
Applications filed at Sep 08 2016 | NOVEL MODULATORS AND METHODS OF USE | Patents.comMethods and Compositions for Dengue Virus Vaccines. The present invention provides compositions and methods of use comprising a ... The present invention relates to peptides comprising at least one CD4.sup.+ T epitope, which is immunodominant in vitro, of the ... chimeric dengue virus E glycoprotein comprising a dengue virus E glycoprotein... 2016/0257718. ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE WY-21 AND ... MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TARGETING NEUTRALIZING EPITOPES ON H7 INFLUENZA VIRUSES. The present invention relates to the murine ...
Immune response to dengue virus and prospects for a vaccine. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 29: 587-619. ... Humoral immune responses of dengue fever patients using epitope-specific serotype-2 virus-like particle antigens. PLoS One 4: ... Indeed, DII-FL antibodies are immunodominant in humans after infection with several flaviviruses (16, 54, 69, 75). To test ... including dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus. Most human ...
Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Epidemiologic Surveys of Human and Canine Leishmania infantum Visceral Infections in an...Development of recombinant chimeric antigen expressing immunodominant B epitopes of Leishmania infantum for serodiagnosis of ... A Neurotropic Virus Isolated from the Blood of a Native of Uganda 1 K. C. Smithburn, T. P. Hughes, A. W. Burke and J. H. Paul ... Economic Impact of Dengue Illness in the Americas Donald S. Shepard, Laurent Coudeville, Yara A. Halasa, Betzana Zambrano and ... Clin Vaccine Immunol 14 : 544-548.. [Google Scholar] * Sokal JE, 1975. Measurement of delayed skin-test responses. N Engl J Med ...
![Hildebrand WH[au] - PubMed - NCBI](data:image/png;base64,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)
Hildebrand WH[au] - PubMed - NCBIDengue virus-infected human dendritic cells reveal hierarchies of naturally expressed novel NS3 CD8 T cell epitopes. ... Immunodominant West Nile Virus T Cell Epitopes Are Fewer in Number and Fashionably Late. ... A dendritic cell vaccine increases the breadth and diversity of melanoma neoantigen-specific T cells. ... A novel T-cell receptor mimic defines dendritic cells that present an immunodominant West Nile virus epitope in mice. ...
These findings support further investigation of gp15 as a vaccine candidate. ... indicating cross-reactivity to conserved epitopes. Cases with acute diarrhea had a significantly greater serum IgA response to ... We investigated antibody responses to the immunodominant gp15 antigen from C. hominis and C. parvum, in C. hominis-infected ... A Neurotropic Virus Isolated from the Blood of a Native of Uganda 1 K. C. Smithburn, T. P. Hughes, A. W. Burke and J. H. Paul ...
Comprehensive analysis of dengue virus-specific responses supports an HLA-linked protective role for CD8+ T cells | PNAS2010) Immunodominant T-cell responses to dengue virus NS3 are associated with DHF. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(39):16922-16927. ... Epitope Cluster Analysis.. All epitopes identified were clustered using the Epitope Cluster Analysis tool from the IEDB Web ... attenuated tetravalent dengue-yellow fever chimeric virus vaccine (41), both provides an explanation for these disappointing ... for severe forms of dengue virus infection, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2(10):e304. ...
Volume 6.17 | May 2 - Immunology of Infectious Disease News... characterization of a T cell receptortransgenic mouse with specificity for the immunodominant epitope in the West Nile virus ( ... epitope mapping and structural analysis of bNAb-epitope complexes that may serve as a guide for vaccine development are ... Investigators demonstrated that primary human naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are permissive for dengue virus (DV) infection. DV ... Skin Infection Boosts Memory B-Cells Specific for a Cryptic Vaccine Epitope of Group a Streptococcus and Broadens the Immune ...
Method for identifying and validating dominant T helper cell epitopes using an HLA-DM-assisted class II binding assay - The...Rational design of immunotherapeutics relies on clear knowledge of the immunodominant epitopes of antigens. Current methods for ... virus, etc.) of a self antigen associated with an autoimmune process or disease. Once identified, the immunodominant epitopes ... The vaccine composition may further comprise an adjuvant or other immunostimulatory agent. An epitope-bearing peptide vaccine ... such as a from Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a Yellow Fever antigen, or a Dengue virus antigen; a malaria (Plasmodium) ...
... of which the Gag epitopes appear immunodominant. We identify eight novel putative HLA-A*7401-restricted epitopes, of which ... One proposed HIV vaccine strategy is to induce Gag-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses that can corner the virus, through fitness ... Sequencing libraries for three different viruses, including influenza A, dengue, and chikungunya, were prepared separately and ... Further evaluation of the optimum timing of the first vaccine HBV vaccine dose is required; a vaccine dose at birth could ...
DENVAntibodiesViralHemorrhagic feverFlavivirusProteinAntigenRecombinantSerotypesABSTRACTMonoclonalSerotypeImmunityInfectionsResponsesAntigensProteinsMosquito-borneAntibodyInduceImmunizationImmunologyFLAVIVIRUSESZikaSubunit vaccineImmunogenicityHaemorrhagic feverEfficacyChikungunya virusSevereReplicationCharacterizationPathogensAntigenicCandidatesEndemic areasPeptidesInfluenzaImplicationsElicitHumansHepatitis C virClinicalMAbsHeterologousTherapeuticGenusLive attenuatedParticlesCellsDevelopmentAcuteInfectiousTherapeuticsBroadlySecondary dengueInductionMiceEfficacious
- A traditional approach to combating viral diversity between related viruses is exemplified by a new tetravalent vaccine for treatment of dengue virus (DENV) infections. (asm.org)
- This vaccine provides a degree of protective immunity against infections by DENV type 1 (DENV-1) through DENV-4 by inclusion of all four serotypes on chimeric attenuated yellow fever virus backbones. (asm.org)
- Thus, DENV can be held to be a model for development and optimization of novel therapeutics and vaccines for new and emerging viruses. (asm.org)
- However, cross-reactive antibodies can complicate flavivirus diagnostics and promote more severe disease, as noted after serial dengue virus (DENV) infections. (asm.org)
- one potential explanation is that dengue virus (DENV)-mediated immune enhancement may promote CZS development. (cdc.gov)
- To confirm our findings, we performed serotype-specific DENV neutralization tests in a case-control framework in northeastern Brazil among 29 Zika virus-seropositive mothers of neonates with CZS and 108 Zika virus-seropositive control mothers. (cdc.gov)
- Similar to the ubiquitous dengue virus (DENV), which occurs as 4 distinct serotypes, Zika virus is a flavivirus ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
- Secondary DENV infections can be more severe than primary infections because of antibody-dependent enhancement (i.e., heterotypic subneutralizing antibodies enhancing virus entry into poorly susceptible cells) ( 15 , 16 ). (cdc.gov)
- Zika virus infection can also be enhanced by DENV antibodies in vitro ( 17 , 18 ) and in mice ( 19 ). (cdc.gov)
- However, antibody-dependent enhancement was not observed in experimentally Zika virus-infected nonhuman primates ( 22 ) and during pivotal epidemiologic studies from Brazil that assessed neither individual DENV serotypes nor microcephaly cases ( 5 , 9 , 23 ). (cdc.gov)
- Dengue virus (DENV) is the etiologic agent of dengue fever, the most significant mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. (frontiersin.org)
- A unique challenge in vaccine development against DENV is the high degree of sequence variation, characteristically associated with RNA viruses. (frontiersin.org)
- Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of dengue fever, the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral illness in humans and is primarily transmitted by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Although some cross-reactive dengue virus (DENV)-specific antibodies can enhance ZIKV infection in mice, those recognizing the DENV E-dimer epitope (EDE) can neutralize ZIKV infection in cell culture. (jenner.ac.uk)
- Because neutralizing antibodies to EDE have therapeutic potential against ZIKV, in addition to their established inhibitory effects against DENV, it may be possible to develop therapies that control disease caused by both viruses. (jenner.ac.uk)
- Adaptive immune responses protect against infection with dengue virus (DENV), yet cross-reactivity with distinct serotypes can precipitate life-threatening clinical disease. (jenner.ac.uk)
- WNV is a member of the Flaviviridae family of viruses, along with other important human pathogens such as dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and yellow fever virus. (asm.org)
- Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes severe health problems. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- An effective tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate that can provide life-long protection simultaneously against all four DENV serotypes is highly anticipated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- A better understanding of the antibody response to DENV envelope protein domain III (EDIII) may offer insights into vaccine development. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Here, we identified 25 DENV cross-reactive mAbs from immunization with Pichia pastoris -expressed EDIII of a single or all four serotype(s) using a prime-boost protocol, and through pepscan analysis found that 60 % of them (15/25) specifically recognized the same highly conserved linear epitope aa 309-320 of EDIII. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The mosquito-transmitted West Nile Virus (WNV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family of positive stranded RNA viruses, which also includes other arthropod-borne viruses such as dengue (DENV), tick borne encephalitis (TBEV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses. (springer.com)
- The Flavivirus genus also contains other human pathogens of global relevance, including dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus. (asm.org)
- Dendritic cells (DCs) are targets for dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YF) replication and are the first cell population to interact with these viruses during a natural infection, which leads to an induction of protective immunity in humans. (scielo.br)
- Dengue virus ( DENV ) has been found to replicate in lymphoid organs such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver in post‐mortem analysis. (cloudfront.net)
- Our findings thus indicate that the increased viral burden associated with secondary DENV infection is antibody‐dependent but hypoxia‐induced and suggest a role for targeting hypoxia‐induced factors for anti‐dengue therapy. (cloudfront.net)
- Physiologically low oxygen levels in lymphoid organs induce HIF 1α‐dependent upregulation of Fcγ RIIA and HIF 1α‐independent enrichment in membrane ether PE lipids to enhance antibody‐dependent dengue virus (DENV) infection in monocytic cells. (cloudfront.net)
- The objective of this study was to express and purify recombinant proteins non- structural NS1 dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) of Indonesia strain (915 846) in Pichia pastoris expression system with "halal" system that can be used for the development of diagnostic kits and vaccines. (scribd.com)
- The dengue virus serotype 1 strain Indonesia (915846) was used to construct the NS1 DENV-1 gene by PCR. (scribd.com)
- NS1 DENV-1 strain Indonesia (915 846) can be produced efficiently in P. pastoris secreted expression system is halal and still functional as an antigen that can be used for the development of diagnostic kits and vaccines. (scribd.com)
- Virus dengue (DENV) ditularkan ke salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di manusia melalui gigitan nyamuk yang dunia terutama di daerah tropis dan telah terinfeksi terutama jenis nyamuk subtropis di kawasan Asia Tenggara, Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. (scribd.com)
- Most dengue vaccines being tested in pre-clinical or clinical settings include the presence of the Dengue virus (DENV) envelope protein in their formulations. (biomedcentral.com)
- These features are shared by all members of the Flavivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family-a group of ssRNA(+) viruses to which DENV belongs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Infection with dengue virus (DENV) or any other flavivirus induces cross-reactive, but weakly neutralizing or nonneutralizing, antibodies that recognize epitopes involving the fusion peptide in the envelope glycoprotein. (pnas.org)
- Considering the abundance of these cross-reactive antibodies, our observations confirm that significant viral amplification could occur during DENV infections in humans with prior infection or with maternally transferred immunity, possibly leading to severe dengue. (pnas.org)
- The four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4) are the most important arthropod-borne flaviviruses in terms of morbidity and geographic distribution. (pnas.org)
- Infection with any of the DENV serotypes may be asymptomatic or may lead to classic dengue fever or more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), which are increasingly common in the dengue endemic areas. (pnas.org)
- DHF/DSS often occurs in patients with second, heterotypic DENV infections or in infants with maternally transferred dengue immunity ( 3 , 4 ). (pnas.org)
- ADE occurs because preexisting subneutralizing antibodies and the infecting DENV form complexes that bind to Fc receptor-bearing cells, leading to increased virus uptake and replication ( 4 ). (pnas.org)
- ADE of DENV-2 infection has also been demonstrated in monkeys infused with a human dengue immune serum ( 8 ). (pnas.org)
- In the period between 2014-2017 zoonotic viruses including ebola virus (EBOV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV) and zika virus (ZIKV), caused prominent outbreaks resulting in significant public health and economic burdens, especially in developing areas where these diseases are most prevalent. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- However, viruses such as EBOV, CHIKV, DENV and ZIKV have evolved mechanisms that allow circumvention of the host's innate immune response, avoiding eradication and leading to severe clinical disease. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- ADE is normally a substantial concern for both ZIKV and DENV vaccines as the induction of badly neutralizing cross-reactive antibodies may best a person for ADE on organic an infection. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
- FLE-reactive antibodies produced from dengue trojan (DENV)- or ZIKV-infected sufferers present low or absent neutralization of ZIKV, however can promote antibody-dependent improvement (ADE) of ZIKV an infection12,13. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
- Among the better neutralizing mAbs to ZIKV and DENV acknowledge conformational epitopes, such as for example E domains quaternary or III epitopes filled with several copies of E14,22C24. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
- Provided their variety, antibodies spotting epitopes beyond the monomeric conformation of Ha sido can show small limitation to ZIKV or an individual serotype of DENV, or could be reactive broadly. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
- The highly conserved nature of the EDE allows some EDE mAbs to neutralize all four DENV serotypes and ZIKV13,26,27, whereas most other mAbs focusing on quaternary epitopes Rabbit polyclonal to Ataxin3 are highly specific. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
- Among these viruses, there are several globally relevant human pathogens including the mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV), as well as tick-borne viruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). (biomedcentral.com)
- All the 4 serotypes of Dengue virus (DENV) could actively infect the same population with different immune responses. (remedypublications.com)
- Thus, various studies are focused towards finding potent antiviral therapeutics to target various DENV serotypes, and further inhibit cross-reactivity among similar viruses and antibody dependent enhancement of infection. (remedypublications.com)
- In spite of various research studies globally with the sole motive of eradication of dengue virus still there are no licensed vaccines or a specific drug available for the treatment of DENV. (remedypublications.com)
- The reason behind this gap may be due to antigenic variability among all the four serotypes of DENV, crossreactivity between DENV and other Flaviviruses such as Zika virus, and specific antibody primed to one serotype of DENV unable to neutralize other serotypes. (remedypublications.com)
- Dengue viruses (DENV) are the most important arboviruses of humans and cause significant disease. (biomedcentral.com)
- Infection with DENV elicits antibody responses to the envelope glycoprotein, predominantly against immunodominant, cross-reactive, weakly-neutralizing epitopes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here we describe results from the development and testing of cross-reactivity reduced DENV-2 DNA vaccine candidates that contain substitutions in immunodominant B cell epitopes of the fusion peptide and domain III of the envelope protein. (biomedcentral.com)
- Sera from mice immunized with wild-type, fusion peptide-, or domain III- substitution containing vaccines enhanced heterologous DENV infection in vitro , unlike sera from mice immunized with a vaccine containing a combination of both fusion peptide and domain III substitutions. (biomedcentral.com)
- DENV vaccine development has been a WHO priority for over forty years. (biomedcentral.com)
- With the global expansion of DENV and recent autochthonous transmission of DENV in Key West, Florida [ 10 ], the need for a safe and efficacious vaccine is in increased demand. (biomedcentral.com)
- In contrast, antibodies targeting the E dimer epitope (EDE), readily exposed at the E dimer interface over the region of the conserved fusion loop, are very potent and broadly neutralizing. (pasteur.fr)
- Similarly, for viruses where envelope participates in driving viral egress from infected cells, shared epitopes need to be identified to guide the development of broadly protective antibodies and vaccines. (asm.org)
- ZIKV was a relatively neglected mosquito-borne flavivirus prior to establishing a foothold in Brazil in 2015, and the only likely circumstance under which specific treatments for controlling such an unstudied virus would have been in place would be one in which broadly acting therapeutics were available, including pan-flavivirus protective antibodies, pan-flavivirus inhibitors, or non-pathogen-specific immune therapies. (asm.org)
- Here, we focus on a discussion of recent advances in the identification of broadly protective antibodies and epitopes. (asm.org)
- Antibodies to flaviviruses can be protective, resulting in lifelong immunity to reinfection by homologous virus. (asm.org)
- Here, we report on the ability of human monoclonal antibodies and immune sera derived from dengue patients to neutralize contemporary epidemic ZIKV strains. (asm.org)
- 2017. Human antibodies to the dengue virus E-dimer epitope have therapeutic activity against Zika virus infection. (jenner.ac.uk)
- Previous studies have established that an epitope on the lateral ridge of domain III (DIII-lr) of West Nile virus (WNV) envelope (E) protein is recognized by strongly neutralizing type-specific antibodies. (asm.org)
- In contrast, an epitope against the fusion loop in domain II (DII-fl) is recognized by flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies with less neutralizing potential. (asm.org)
- Using gain- and loss-of-function E proteins and wild-type and variant WNV reporter virus particles, we evaluated the expression pattern and activity of antibodies against the DIII-lr and DII-fl epitopes in mouse and human serum after WNV infection. (asm.org)
- In mice, immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to the DIII-lr epitope were detected at low levels at day 6 after infection. (asm.org)
- The vaccine induced low levels of antibodies but Lassa-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses. (mdpi.com)
- Specifically, we are interested in elucidating: (1) how antibodies either protect against or enhance dengue virus infection and (2) the factors that determine the outcome of infection or transmissibility and hence explain its epidemiological phenotype. (duke-nus.edu.sg)
- 2016) Cross-reactive antibodies enhance live attenuated virus infection for increased immunogenicity. (duke-nus.edu.sg)
- Specific diagnosis of WNV infections using current serological testing is complicated by the high degree of cross-reactivity between antibodies against other clinically relevant flaviviruses, including dengue, tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses. (springer.com)
- The majority of cross-reactive antibodies against the immunodominant flavivirus envelope (E) protein target a conserved epitope in the fusion loop at the distal end of domain II. (springer.com)
- The data have important implications for the development of improved, specific serological assays for the detection of WNV antibodies in regions where other flaviviruses co-circulate or in populations that are immunized with other flavivirus vaccines. (springer.com)
- The invention relates to antibodies and binding fragments thereof that are capable of binding to influenza A virus hemagglutinin and neutralizing at least one. (patents.com)
- Although antibodies against this epitope fail to recognize fully mature West Nile virus (WNV) virions and accordingly neutralize infection poorly in vitro , their functional properties in vivo remain less well understood. (asm.org)
- Here, we show that while passive transfer of poorly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and polyclonal antibodies against the DII-FL epitope protect against lethal WNV infection in wild-type mice, they fail to protect mice lacking activating Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and the complement opsonin C1q. (asm.org)
- Overall, these studies enhance our understanding of the functional significance of immunodominant, poorly neutralizing antibodies in the polyclonal human anti-flavivirus response and highlight the limitations of current in vitro surrogate markers of protection, such as cell-based neutralization assays, which cannot account for the beneficial effects conferred by these antibodies. (asm.org)
- Can Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Lead to a Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine? (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- The majority of licensed vaccines provide protection against other pathogens by the induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), but strategies that focused on the development of an effective humoral immunity for HIV have failed so far. (frontiersin.org)
- The recombinant protein can bind to monoclonal antibodies and serum of patients infected with dengue virus serotype 1. (scribd.com)
- Pre-existing antibodies, derived from either from maternal-fetal transmission, or by previous infection or vaccination, have been demonstrated to interfere with vaccine immunogenicity of measles, adenovirus, and influenza LAVs. (bvsalud.org)
- On the other hand, pre-existing antibodies can augment flaviviral LAV efficacy such as that of dengue and yellow fever virus, especially when pre-existing antibodies are present at sub-neutralizing levels. (bvsalud.org)
- A better knowledge of the underlying mechanisms involved could allow us to better manage immunization in seropositive individuals and even identify possibilities that could allow us to exploit pre-existing antibodies to boost vaccine-induced responses for improved vaccine efficacy. (bvsalud.org)
- Here, we describe the identification of Chikungunya-specific 40 kD protein for development of synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Chikungunya virus-specific antibodies in the patient's sample. (medworm.com)
- In this article, we have tested the possibility of using plant virus based nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of antibodies. (antibodychain.com)
- For this purpose, Sesbania mosaic virus coat protein (CP) was genetically engineered with the B domain ofStaphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) at the βH-βI loop, to generate SeMV loop B (SLB), which self-assembled to virus like particles (VLPs) with 43 times higher affinity towards antibodies. (antibodychain.com)
- Protective virus-specific antibodies are elicited by the E glycoprotein, which contains both virus-specific and flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes. (asm.org)
- Using mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), the majority of the cross-reactive epitopes have been mapped onto domains I and II of the E protein ( 5 , 19 - 22 , 24 ). (asm.org)
- Aiming to identify the immunodominant epitopes of abrin, several neutralizing antiabrin polyclonal antibodies were screened using a set of 15-mer peptides spanning the amino acid sequence of either the A or B subunits of abrin. (jpt.com)
- These findings provide useful information and suggest a possible strategy for the development and design of an improved abrin-based vaccine and therapeutic antibodies. (jpt.com)
- Contributions of virus-specific antibodies appeared to be minimal under these circumstances. (cdc.gov)
- ADE has been repeatedly demonstrated in vitro using dengue immune sera or monoclonal antibodies and cells of monocytic and recently, B lymphocytic lineages bearing Fc receptors ( 5 - 7 ). (pnas.org)
- A major subset of these cross-reactive antibodies is directed to immuno-dominant epitopes involving determinants mapped to the flavivirus-conserved fusion peptide in the envelope glycoprotein (E) ( 11 - 13 ). (pnas.org)
- The fusion loop epitope (FLE) is an immunodominant epitope within the E protein, and antibodies to the conserved area often display wide flavivirus cross-reactivity2C4 extremely,11. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
- Characterization of recombinant yellow fever-dengue vaccine viruses with human monoclonal antibodies targeting key conformational epitopes. (gov.vn)
- Two of these antibodies, bezlotoxumab (Zinplava, for the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection) and RAB1 (Rabishield, post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies virus) have been approved for human use globally and in India, respectively. (visterrainc.com)
- Monoclonal antibodies or convalescent sera from SFTS patients were tested to identify potential therapeutic intervention targets, resulting in the identification of SFTSV glycoproteins as molecules required for host cell entry [23, and also as critical targets for virus neutralization through the development of humoral immunity. (mediaatlas.si)
- Challenges in rational vaccine design, specifically vaccines to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV, underscore critical gaps in our understanding of B cells' evolutionary and ecological dynamics. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- More recently, transfer of specific antibodies to patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus has demonstrated the feasibility of monoclonal antibody therapy during infection [ 6 , 7 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- With any coronavirus, literature has shown that the potential for complications and enhanced disease due to pre-existing antibodies exists independent of vaccine technology. (thesaneproject.org)
- The phenomenon has been observed for antibodies derived from previous infection with the same or closely related viruses or from vaccination. (thesaneproject.org)
- In the past, ADE was documented specifically for antibodies with a sub-neutralizing or non-neutralizing effect on virus particles, usually due to an incomplete fit of antibody and epitope. (thesaneproject.org)
- My more recent work, which forms the basis of the science in the current application, is focused on generation and study of human monoclonal antibodies to dengue viruses. (grantome.com)
- My mentor's laboratory has a tremendous amount of experience isolating and studying human monoclonal antibodies, central to my proposal and to the concept of rational vaccine design. (grantome.com)
- One model of the mechanism underlying severe disease proposes that weakly cross-reactive antibodies induced during a primary infection facilitate virus entry into Fc receptor-bearing cells during a subsequent secondary infection. (grantome.com)
- There is a concern that potent neutralizing antibodies must be generated to all four dengue virus serotypes, as a vaccine that induces weakly cross-reactive, non-neutralizing antibodies may increase the likelihood of developing severe disease upon re-exposure. (grantome.com)
- Understanding the epitopes and activity of these naturally-occurring antibodies is critical for vaccine development, as vaccines that induce high potency neutralizing antibodies that lack enhancing activity are desirable. (grantome.com)
- Ideally, the reactivity of epitopes bound by enhancing antibodies should be reduced or eliminated in candidate antigens during the rational development of a dengue vaccine, so as to discourage such dominant recognition of these antigenic features by the humoral immune response. (grantome.com)
- The long-term goal is to use such molecular information in the rational design of dengue vaccines that enhance the induction of protective neutralizing antibodies and reduce the risk of development of severe disease. (grantome.com)
- NARRATIVE: This mentored proposal outlines ambitious studies and career development, in which I will isolate potently neutralization human monoclonal antibodies to dengue viruses and determine the biochemical, structural, and genetic basis for their binding. (grantome.com)
- Cross-reactivity reduced and wild-type vaccine candidates were similarly immunogenic in outbred mice and elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody, however mice immunized with cross-reactivity reduced vaccines produced significantly reduced levels of immunodominant cross-reactive antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
- ADE occurs when cross-reactive weakly- or non-neutralizing antibodies bind to viruses and form antibody-virus complexes that enhance infection of Fcγ receptor bearing cells resulting in an increase in virus load. (biomedcentral.com)
- Prevalence of antiviral antibodies agreed with known infection rates for the corresponding virus based on epidemiological studies. (diabetesjournals.org)
- A problem in the search for an efficient vaccine against dengue virus is the immunodominance of the fusion loop epitope (FLE), a segment of the envelope protein E that is buried at the interface of the E dimers coating mature viral particles. (pasteur.fr)
- Receptor-binding domains and other motifs within viral envelope proteins represent one excellent opportunity to target communal epitopes shared by related viruses. (asm.org)
- Genetic Diversity of Collaborative Cross Mice Controls Viral Replication, Clinical Severity, and Brain Pathology Induced by Zika Virus Infection, Independently of Oas1b . (mcgillgenomecentre.ca)
- No licensed vaccine or effective anti-viral therapy is currently available and treatment is largely supportive in nature, thus increasing the economic and disease burden on public health systems in tropical and subtropical countries around the globe ( 17 - 19 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Dengue virus is the etiologic agent of dengue fever, the most significant mosquito-borne viral disease in humans, affecting over 100 million individuals each year. (pnas.org)
- I also have research interests in other chronic viral infections including HIV, CMV, herpes viruses and human parvovirus-4 (PARV4), and virus diagnosis and discovery using next generation sequencing platforms. (ox.ac.uk)
- The transfer of eosinophils from the lungs of allergen-sensitized and challenged mice into influenza virus-infected mice resulted in reduced morbidity and viral burden, improved lung compliance, and increased CD8 + T cell numbers in the airways. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- Higher viral antigen positive cell frequencies were observed for DENV2 when compared with both vaccine viruses. (scielo.br)
- Dengue fever is the most important arthropod-borne emerging viral disease in tropical countries due to high morbidity and increased risk of mortality (Gubler 2002). (scielo.br)
- Dengue is a mosquito‐borne viral infection that affects approximately 390 million people worldwide annually (Bhatt et al , 2013 ). (cloudfront.net)
- West Nile (WN) virus is the cause of a potentially fatal form of viral encephalitis that suddenly emerged in the New York City area during 1999. (cdc.gov)
- Plasmid-launched live-attenuated vaccines (PLLAV), also called infectious DNA (iDNA) vaccines, combine the assets of genetic immunization with the potency of replication-competent live viral vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
- However, with rapid increases in international travel, globalization, geographic spread of viral vectors, and widespread use of vaccines, there is an increasing need to consider how pre-exposure to viruses which share similar antigenic regions can impact vaccine efficacy. (bvsalud.org)
- Dengue is one of the most serious mosquito-borne viral diseases in humans. (asm.org)
- Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a leading cause of viral meningoencephalitis in many parts of Europe and eastwards in Asia, with high morbidity and often long-term neurologic sequelae. (immunohorizons.org)
- During natural flavivirus infections, noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) consisting of viral premembrane/membrane (prM/M) and envelope (E) proteins are produced in addition to mature, infectious virions ( 23 ). (asm.org)
- We will also test next-generation viral vectored vaccines employing an HCV immunogen fused to HLA class II invariant chain. (ox.ac.uk)
- Several T cell-based vaccine trials have currently shown primary viremia control in macaque AIDS models of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, but residual viral replication may occur, followed by accumulation of viral CD8+ T-cell escape mutations, possibly leading to eventual viremia rebound. (prolekare.cz)
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection induces chronic, persistent viral replication leading to AIDS onset in humans and rhesus macaques, respectively. (prolekare.cz)
- However, it is difficult to obtain sterile protection from virus infection by T cell-based vaccines, and whether vaccine-based, primary non-sterile viral control can be stably maintained is debatable. (prolekare.cz)
- Some studies have demonstrated that internalization of rabies virus into cells is an important factor for viral pathogenicity (13, 24, 25). (camkkinases.com)
- Fusion of enveloped viruses with the host cell is a key step in viral infectivity. (prolekare.cz)
- Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in the world. (biomedcentral.com)
- Several ZIKV vaccine platforms are currently in development, including inactivated viruses, live attenuated viruses, viral-vectored vaccines, and protein subunit- and nucleic acid-based formulations expressing envelope (E) proteins. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
- The mAbs HM14c10, 5J7 and ZIKV-117 bind to epitopes defined by the set up of two or more E dimers within the viral surface of DENV1, DENV3 and ZIKV, respectively28C30, while the epitopes targeted from the mAbs 2D22 and ZIKV-195 are contained within the E-dimer interfaces of DENV2 and ZIKV31,32. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
- High efficacy of direct-acting anti-viral agents in hepatitis C virus-infected cirrhotic patients with successfully treated hepatocellular carcinoma. (gov.vn)
- Dengue is a mosquito-borne, rapidly rising viral infection with around 400 million cases per year. (remedypublications.com)
- Dengue is an acute viral infection, transmitted predominantly by a vector Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to their human host. (remedypublications.com)
- HCV in vitro research is therefore limited to human hepatoma cell lines permissive for virus entry and completion of the viral life cycle. (jove.com)
- To assess the influence of dominant restrictions on the complete viral life cycle including cell entry, RNA translation, replication and virus assembly, we took advantage of a human liver cell line (Huh-7 Lunet N cells 9 ) which lacks endogenous expression of CD81, an essential entry factor of HCV. (jove.com)
- When co-cultured cells were transfected with a highly fusogenic viral envelope protein mutant of the prototype foamy virus (PFV 11 ) and subsequently challenged with infectious HCV particles (HCVcc), de novo production of infectious virus was observed. (jove.com)
- The virus consists of a host derived lipid bilayer membrane, membrane glycoprotein spikes, and the C protein which together with viral RNA forms the icosahedral nucleocapsid. (ubc.ca)
- El glycoprotein was also the target of viral neutralizing (VN) and hemagglutinin (HA) epitope mapping studies. (ubc.ca)
- 2016) . Favipiravir could attenuate the viral RNA replication level and decrease the progeny virus yield of SNV and ANDV in vitro. (mediaatlas.si)
- Vaccines designed to target epitopes on the spike protein may thus lead to inefficient antibody binding in new variants of the circulating SARS-CoV-2 virus and result in viral antigenic evolution towards escaping antibody recognition 3 . (thesaneproject.org)
- Besides potentially being non- or only partially protective and possibly leading to viral evolution, potential risks are associated with vaccines that necessitate extreme caution when vaccine development efforts are to be fast-tracked and approval accelerated. (thesaneproject.org)
- My mentor, who is the director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, also has great expertise in vaccinology, immunology, and viral pathogenesis. (grantome.com)
- The range of possible use of active immunization is rapidly expanding to include vaccines against infectious diseases that require cellular responses to provide protection (e.g. tuberculosis, herpes viral infections), therapeutic vaccines for chronic infections (e.g. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, viral hepatitis B and C), and vaccines against non-infectious conditions (e.g. cancer, autoimmune diseases). (who.int)
- We constructed a viral protein array comprising the complete proteomes of seven viruses associated with T1D and open reading frames from other common viruses. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Although there are a number of studies indicating viral effects on T1D pathogenesis, the exact mechanistic explanations for how viruses contribute to T1D etiology are still unknown. (diabetesjournals.org)
- As the complex role of viral infections in T1D remains elusive, it would be valuable to address this important scientific question by assessing immune responses to many viruses and their antigens using many samples collected longitudinally from birth to disease onset. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Historically, the prevalence of viral infections in T1D was explored either by genomic approaches (which work if the viral nucleic acids remain present at the time of assay) or immunological approaches that only evaluated one viral protein or one type of virus at a time ( 10 , 11 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- HLA class I and class II alleles have been shown to be associated with the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in different populations. (cdc.gov)
- In a small proportion of patients, the disease can exacerbate and progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever and/or dengue shock syndrome, characterized by severe vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhagic manifestations. (frontiersin.org)
- Lassa fever (LF), a zoonotic disease caused by Lassa virus (LASV), can lead to acute hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate (CFR) of up to 50% [ 1 ]. (mdpi.com)
- In some cases, the disease may be associated with more severe manifestations, such as hemorrhagic syndrome (dengue hemorrhagic fever) and hypovolemic shock, which often proves fatal (dengue shock syndrome) ( 1 , 21 ). (asm.org)
- Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever Virus RNA in Hyalomma rufipes Ticks Infesting Migratory Birds, Europe and Asia Minor. (gov.vn)
- However, a subset of patients who experience secondary infection with a different serotype can progress to a more severe form of the disease, called dengue hemorrhagic fever. (bvsalud.org)
- In this study we isolated one Dengue virus 1 serotype, named BR/Alfenas/2012, from a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever in Alfenas, South Minas Gerais, Brazil and molecular identification was performed based on the analysis of NS5 gene. (bvsalud.org)
- Further genetic and animal model studies using BR/Alfenas/2012 and other isolates belonging to the same lineage/genotype could help determine the relation of these genetic alterations and dengue hemorrhagic fever in a susceptible population. (bvsalud.org)
- to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) characterized by a plasma leakage syndrome and its most severe form, life threatening dengue shock syndrome (DSS). (biomedcentral.com)
- Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for thousands of cases of severe fetal malformations and neurological disease since its introduction to Brazil in 2013. (asm.org)
- West Nile Virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that continues to spread and cause disease throughout several parts of the world, including Europe and the Americas. (springer.com)
- However, a limitation of serological diagnosis for WNV infection is the structural similarity of the immunodominant envelope (E) protein among Flavivirus genus members. (springer.com)
- The human antibody response to flavivirus infection is dominantly directed against a cross-reactive epitope on the fusion loop of domain II (DII-FL) of the envelope (E) protein. (asm.org)
- West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic mosquito-transmitted Flavivirus that can infect and cause disease in humans and many other vertebrate animals. (asm.org)
- The virus is a member of the Flavivirus family, which includes St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), Japanese encephalitis (JE), hepatitis C, and dengue viruses ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- Dengue virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae . (asm.org)
- Human flavivirus infections appear to provide lifelong immunity to the infecting virus, yet only temporally transient protection to heterologous flavivirus infections ( 14 ). (asm.org)
- 22. The method for purifying NS1 protein as claimed in claim 27, wherein the flavivirus is a dengue virus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- West Nile virus (WNV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, a large family with 3 main genera (flavivirus, hepacivirus and pestivirus). (biomedcentral.com)
- West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic mosquito-transmitted arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae . (biomedcentral.com)
- Taken together, the available panel of prophylactic and antiviral treatment options against flavivirus infections in human and animals remains limited, thus emphasizing the need for the development of effective and reliable drug s/vaccines. (mediaatlas.si)
- Detection of flavivirus seroconversions in sentinel chicken flocks across Australia provides an early warning of increased levels of Murray Valley encephalitis virus and Kunjin virus activity. (health.gov.au)
- We found that clonotypes expressing the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) β-chain variable region 11 (TRBV11-2) were 'preferentially' activated and mobilized within immunodominant human-leukocyte-antigen-(HLA)-A*11:01-restricted CD8 T cell populations specific for variants of the nonstructural protein epitope NS3 that characterize the serotypes DENV1, DENV3 and DENV4. (jenner.ac.uk)
- Three-dimensional modelling analysis suggests that this epitope is surface exposed on EDIII but less accessible on the surface of the E protein dimer and trimer, especially on the surface of the mature virion. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Comprehensive mapping of immunodominant and conserved serotype- and group-specific B-cell epitopes of nonstructural protein 1 from dengue virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- This exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated an immunotherapeutic vaccine containing a recombinant Candida albicans adhesin/invasin protein for prevention of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- The authors report that STING-activating cyclic dinucleotides formulated in a protein subunit vaccine elicit long-lasting protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the mouse model. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- The authors present the characterization of a T cell receptortransgenic mouse with specificity for the immunodominant epitope in the West Nile virus (WNV) NS4B protein (here referred to as transgenic WNV-I mice). (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- Protein rekombinan tersebut dapat mengikat antibodi monoklonal dengue dan serum pasien terinfeksi dengue serotipe 1. (scribd.com)
- In order to analyze the biological relevance of NS1 secretion in vivo, we developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the protein in the sera of dengue virus-infected patients. (asm.org)
- With purified dengue virus type 1 NS1 as a protein standard, the sensitivity of our capture ELISA was less than 1 ng/ml. (asm.org)
- Furthermore, NS1 circulation in the bloodstream of patients during the clinical phase of the disease suggests a contribution of the nonstructural protein to dengue virus pathogenesis. (asm.org)
- We have previously engineered a synthetic DNA vaccine targeting the MERS coronavirus Spike (S) protein, the major surface antigen of coronaviruses, which is currently in clinical study. (bvsalud.org)
- Here we build on this prior experience to generate a synthetic DNA-based vaccine candidate targeting SARS-CoV-2 S protein. (bvsalud.org)
- Also, when not available, we predicted the envelope protein structural folding and mapped SARS-CoV-2 epitopes. (bvsalud.org)
- In an effort to provide a more specific diagnostic test, we developed virus-like particle (VLP) antigens with reduced cross-reactivity for both SLEV and WNV by identifying and mutating envelope protein amino acids within the cross-reactive epitopes of VLP expression plasmids. (asm.org)
- Here, a fusion protein Eg mefAg-1 harboring 8 dominant B-cell epitopes of Eg such as antigen B, tetraspanin 1, tetraspanin 6, reticulon and Eg95 was produced in E. coli and evaluated for CE in sheep by indirect ELISA. (bvsalud.org)
- Selecting an appropriate antigen with optimal immunogenicity and physicochemical properties is a pivotal factor to develop a protein based subunit vaccine. (bvsalud.org)
- To overcome current limitations using hydrophobic proteins as vaccine antigens, we adopted in silico analyses which included bioinformatic prediction and sequence-based protein 3D structure modeling, to develop a novel periodontitis subunit vaccine against the outer membrane protein FomA of Fusobacterium nucleatum. (bvsalud.org)
- The truncated recombinant protein was engineered to expose epitopes on the surface through simulating amino acid sequence-based 3D folding in aqueous environment. (bvsalud.org)
- It has been reported that there is a positive correlation between apoptosis-inducing ability of rabies virus and degree of expression of G protein (9, 21, 23). (camkkinases.com)
- Because there are few immunogenic motifs in the E protein that are conserved among all serotypes, most dengue immunogens have to include components from each individual serotype in the final vaccine formulation. (biomedcentral.com)
- MSP1 is the major surface protein on merozoites and a prime candidate for a blood stage malaria vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
- 29. A method for expressing a polynucleotide encoding an NS1 protein of a dengue virus, comprising associating a polynucleotide of SEQ ID No. 1 with a promoter for said polynucleotide, and expressing the polynucleotide in a eukaryotic cell. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- In this work we developed a recombinant multiepitope protein (rMEHCV) for hepatitis C diagnostic purposes based on conserved and immunodominant epitopes from core , NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5 regions of the virus polyprotein of genotypes 1a, 1b, and 3a, the most prevalent genotypes in South America (especially in Brazil). (hindawi.com)
- In this work we have designed a single recombinant multiepitope protein (rMEHCV) consisting of several immunodominant and conserved specific epitopes from structural and nonstructural proteins derived from genotypes 1, 2, and 3, the most prevalent in South America. (hindawi.com)
- Most SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are designed to target the highly immunogenic spike protein, which is located on the external membrane surface of the virus and enables virus attachment and entry into host cells. (thesaneproject.org)
- Nuclear export signal and immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope in influenza A virus matrix protein 1. (umassmed.edu)
- In this review, we have examined the current immunoassays used in both GAS and other organisms, and explored the various challenges in their implementation in order to propose potential future directions to identify a correlate of protection and facilitate the development of M protein-based vaccines, which are currently the main GAS vaccine candidates. (hindawi.com)
- We investigated antibody responses to the immunodominant gp15 antigen from C. hominis and C. parvum, in C. hominis -infected Bangladeshi children less than five years of age with diarrhea (cases) and uninfected children with diarrhea (controls). (ajtmh.org)
- Disclosed herein is a reductionistic system incorporating known participants of MHC class II antigen processing in solution to generate peptide pools from antigens, including those for which no immunodominant epitope has yet been identified, that are highly enriched for proteolytic fragments containing their immunodominant epitopes. (freepatentsonline.com)
- Langerhans cells in the epidermis may play a role in the upregulation of immune response to the virus, processing antigen and presenting it to T cells ( 11 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
- Mobilization of dendritic cells and antigen presentation by these cells to T cells in the lymphoid follicles may be involved in the development of immune responses to WN virus ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
- Immune interference of LAVs can be caused by the formation of virus-antibody complexes that neutralize virus infection in antigen-presenting cells, or by the cross-linking of the B-cell receptor with the inhibitory receptor, FcgRIIB. (bvsalud.org)
- The increased vaccine immunogenicity can be facilitated by antibody-dependent enhancement of virus infection, enhancing virus uptake in antigen-presenting cells, and robust induction of innate immune responses that promote vaccine immunogenicity. (bvsalud.org)
- We are currently pursuing new mass spectrometry approaches to identify peptides arrayed on individual types of antigen-presenting cells, and defining at a molecular level the extent of T cell recognition of individual immunodominant epitopes as well as non-immunodominant epitopes.In the next year, we expect to apply these tools and approaches for characterizing human immune recognition to the area of tumor immunology. (dana-farber.org)
- The E2 glycoprotein is a good candidate for serological diagnosis since it is the immunodominant antigen during the course of infection, and reacts with seropositive CHIKV sera. (medworm.com)
- Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) is a leading malaria vaccine candidate antigen that is expressed by sporozoite, liver and blood stage parasites. (beds.ac.uk)
- Apical Membrane Antigen-1 (AMA1) is a candidate antigen for inclusion with CSP in a multi-antigen malaria vaccine. (beds.ac.uk)
- Previously we developed partially protective, single Th- and B cell-epitope-based peptide-DNA dual vaccines (PDDV) (T3-PDDV and B3-PDDV, respectively) capable of eliciting immune responses against the Schistosoma japonicum 22.6 kDa tegument antigen (Sj22.6) and a 62 kDa fragment of myosin (Sj62), respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
- Antigen peptides represent specific epitopes for stimulation of T cells in T cell assays such as ELISPOT. (jpt.com)
- To generate an optimal antigen candidate, we predicted hydrophilicity and B cell epitope parameter by querying to web-based databases, and designed a truncated FomA (tFomA) candidate with better solubility and preserved B cell epitopes. (bvsalud.org)
- The results were analyzed and compared with different antigen combination, order of vaccines and intervals to choose a suitable immunization strategy for macaque immunization in future. (bvsalud.org)
- The capacity of the cells to generate antigen-specific CD8 T cell lines was initially validated using a recombinant canarypox virus expressing a defined immunodominant T. parva antigen (Tp1). (biomedcentral.com)
- Here, we report construction, characterization, and preclinical efficacy of a novel recombinant vaccine candidate GEO-LM01. (mdpi.com)
- The MWNT-DENV3E nanoconjugate was developed by covalent functionalization of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) with recombinant dengue envelope (DENV3E) proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
- Plasmid DNA, recombinant Ad5 and MVA vaccines which expressing SIV gag and env genes were constructed. (bvsalud.org)
- In the process of determining fine details of the dengue virus neutralizing immune response, I will acquire skills in the areas of virology, immunology, genetics and recombinant antibody techniques. (grantome.com)
- Immunity to the same virus serotype (homotypic immunity) is life-long, whereas immunity to different serotypes (heterotypic immunity) lasts 2-3 months so that infection with a different serotype virus is possible ( 2 ). (pnas.org)
- The four Dengue virus serotypes (1-4) are antigenically and genetically distinct and each serotype is composed of multiple genotypes. (bvsalud.org)
- North Queensland was the site of several outbreaks of locally-acquired dengue virus infection involving all 4 serotypes. (health.gov.au)
- Abstract Dengue is a major worldwide public health problem, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. (bvsalud.org)
- Mechanism of dengue virus broad cross-neutralization by a monoclonal antibody. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The present invention relates to the murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) 11B9 and to mAb 62 each of which target major neutralizing epitopes of influenza A H7. (patents.com)
- Recent high-resolution broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodie (bNAb) epitope mapping and structural analysis of bNAb-epitope complexes that may serve as a guide for vaccine development are discussed along with major obstacles. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- The limitations seen with the tetravalent vaccine suggest that complementary approaches may be appropriate, and indeed, recent publications have highlighted the possibility of pan-serotype neutralization ( 1 , 2 ). (asm.org)
- Besides prior infection with one serotype, other factors influencing the disease outcome are the strain of infecting virus, age and gender, nutritional status, and the genetic background of the patient ( 11 - 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
- 2017. Germline bias dictates cross-serotype reactivity in a common dengue-virus-specific CD8 T cell response. (jenner.ac.uk)
- Furthermore, determination of the serotype of dengue virus is also important for the surveillance of DF. (asm.org)
- Serotype diagnosis may also be difficult, as it generally requires RT-PCR or virus isolation from viremic sera. (asm.org)
- 25. The immunogenic composition as claimed in claim 30, wherein the composition further comprises at least one mixture of NS1 proteins in hexameric form of a dengue virus serotype. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- Primary infection with a single Dengue virus serotype causes a mild, self-limiting febrile illness called dengue fever. (bvsalud.org)
- The global emergence of epidemic dengue is partly fueled by an incomplete understanding of the determinants of both immunity and pathogenesis. (duke-nus.edu.sg)
- Scientists demonstrated that a conserved cryptic epitope that is unrecognized by the host immune system following infection can protect mice following vaccination, and that immunity is strengthened and broadened following successive infections. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- The YF17DD vaccine induces long-lasting immunity, similar to wild viruses (Monath 2001, Halstead 2007). (scielo.br)
- The emergence and rapid expansion of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) require the development of effective countermeasures especially a vaccine to provide active acquired immunity against the virus. (bvsalud.org)
- Combining CSP with other pre-erythrocytic stage antigens and using a vaccine platform such as adenovirus vectors better able to induce class I restricted cell-mediated immunity might therefore more effectively target the hepatic stages of infection and reproduce the immunity induced by the irradiate sporozoite vaccine. (beds.ac.uk)
- Although there are no vaccines available to date, this strategy appears feasible since natural immunity develops in individuals suffering from repeated infection during a lifetime. (biomedcentral.com)
- Since vaccinations resulting in both Th1- and Th2-type responses have been shown to contribute to protective immunity, a vaccine formulation with the capacity for stimulating multiple arms of the immune response will likely be the most effective. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, it is not clear to what extent such pre-existing cellular immunity can provide cross-subtype protection against novel emerging influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
- Pre-existing CD8 T cell immunity may provide substantial cross-protection against heterosubtypic influenza A viruses, provided that the priming and the subsequent challenge viruses share the identical sequences of the immunodominant, protective CTL epitopes. (cdc.gov)
- Heterosubtypic immunity is a necessary component of a so-called "universal" influenza vaccine that would provide protection against illness from multiple subtypes of influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
- For example, many studies have shown that CD8 T cells are the major mediator of heterosubtypic immunity following intranasal priming of immune competent mice with live influenza virus particles - . (cdc.gov)
- Aldoxorubicin cost However, the catastrophic effects of illness during pregnancy mandate the development of ZIKV vaccines, for as herd immunity wanes, the likelihood of another epidemic will increase. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
- A lack of understanding of the effect of pre-existing immunity to heterologous parasite strains may significantly contribute to vaccine failure in the field. (biomedcentral.com)
- The purpose of this study was to model the effect of pre-existing immunity to MSP1 42 on the immunogenicity of blood-stage malaria vaccines based on alternative MSP1 alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
- A novel pathogenic coronavirus emerged in 2012 in the Middle East, while the devastating outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) infections in three West African countries in 2013 signaled a new stage in the emergence of this highly pathogenic virus and demonstrated that, in an age of international travel and increasing urbanization, infectious agents can rapidly spread and establish epidemics in new regions. (asm.org)
- In this study we aimed to investigate the HLA-class I and class II alleles that are positively and negatively associated with the development of DSS in a cohort of patients with DHF and also the alleles associated with development of DHF during primary dengue infections in a Sri Lankan population. (cdc.gov)
- These data suggest that certain HLA alleles confer susceptibility/protection to severe dengue infections. (cdc.gov)
- As T cell epitope recognition depend on the HLA type of an individual, it would be now important to investigate how epitope specific T cells associate with primary and secondary dengue infections and in severe dengue infections. (cdc.gov)
- They currently focus on mosquito-borne infections (malaria and dengue). (mcgillgenomecentre.ca)
- Asymptomatic Dengue Virus Infections, Cambodia, 2012-2013. (mcgillgenomecentre.ca)
- It was recently reported that as many as 390 million dengue infections occur worldwide each year, thus making this infection potentially even more prevalent than malaria ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Flaviviruses cause severe acute febrile and haemorrhagic infections, including dengue and yellow fever and the pathogenesis of these infections is caused by an exacerbated immune response. (scielo.br)
- This is followed by sequencing a selected region of the virus which will provide evidence on the source of the virus and possible association of the virus to increased cases of Chikungunya infections. (medworm.com)
- Interestingly, NS1 concentrations did not differ significantly in serum specimens obtained from patients experiencing primary or secondary dengue virus infections. (asm.org)
- Differential diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) infections can be complicated due to the high degree of cross-reactivity observed in most serodiagnostic assays. (asm.org)
- While valuable tools for diagnosing presumptive flaviviral infections, these assays use antigens prepared from virus-infected suckling mouse brains (SMB). (asm.org)
- PEACHI is an EU FP7-funded project to develop vaccines for prevention of hepatitis C and HIV co-infections. (ox.ac.uk)
- We are starting a new project to develop new multi-genotype vaccines for therapy of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections that are responsible for cervical cancer (0.5 million cases per year worldwide) and other anogenital cancers. (ox.ac.uk)
- Virus-specific CD8 + T cells exert strong suppressive pressure on HIV/SIV replication [ 7 - 11 ], but fail to control viremia in most infections. (prolekare.cz)
- Infection with one subtype of influenza A virus often results in a strong protection against subsequent infections with heterosubtypic influenza A viruses in animal models. (cdc.gov)
- Seropidemiological studies investigating the type of immune responses elicited in naturally-exposed populations to several malaria vaccine candidates in Brazilian populations have also been providing important information on whether immune responses specific to these antigens are generated in natural infections and their immunogenic potential as vaccine candidates. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of broadly protective humoral responses for emerging viruses. (asm.org)
- however, employment of a pan-alphavirus vaccine able to stimulate protective or even partially protective responses to multiple pathogenic alphaviruses is a much more appealing prospect. (asm.org)
- However, compared to IgG responses against other epitopes in DI and DII, which were readily detected at day 8, the development of IgG against DIII-lr epitope was delayed and did not appear consistently until day 15. (asm.org)
- A novel single-dose dengue subunit vaccine induces memory immune responses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Investigators undertook a virus-wide analysis of CD8 T cell responses to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- Our results showed that mice immunized with αDECHIVBr8 presented higher CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses when compared to mice that received the DNA vaccine (pVAXHIVBr8). (frontiersin.org)
- Based on these results, we conclude that homologous prime-boost and heterologous boosting immunization strategies targeting CD4 + epitopes to DCs are effective to improve HIV-specific cellular immune responses when compared to standalone DNA immunization. (frontiersin.org)
- A T cell vaccine able to elicit potent cellular immune responses showed marked protection against simian immunodeficiency (SIV) challenge in non-human primates ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
- In this study immune responses to the DNA-Gag M and MVA-Gag M vaccines were evaluated in homologous and heterologous prime-boost vaccinations. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- Some information on human T cell responses to related viruses (e.g. (cdc.gov)
- A comprehensive understanding of the development and evolution of human B cell responses induced by pathogen exposure will facilitate the design of next-generation vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
- Since CD8+ T cell responses have been implicated in protection against pre-erythrocytic stage malaria, this study was designed to identify MHC class I-restricted epitopes within AMA1. (beds.ac.uk)
- A subset of epitopes was synthesized and tested for induction of CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses by ELISpot depletion and ICS assays. (beds.ac.uk)
- A mixture of the 14 minimal epitopes was capable of recalling CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses from PBMC of immunized volunteers. (beds.ac.uk)
- Defining the ontogeny, specificities and potentially protective nature of the initial mucosal virus-specific B-cell response will be critical for understanding how to induce protective Ab responses by vaccination. (biomedsearch.com)
- Results showed that mice immunized with a single-epitope PDDV elicited either Tc, Th, or B cell responses, respectively, and mice immunized with either the T3- or B3- single-epitope PDDV formulation were partially protected against infection. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, mice immunized with a multicomponent (3 PDDV components) formulation elicited variable immune responses that were less immunoprotective than single-epitope PDDV formulations. (biomedcentral.com)
- Conversely, analysis of the second group having no mutation suggested that stability of the breadth of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses represents a status of lasting HIV containment by CD8+ T cells. (prolekare.cz)
- Another immune-evasion mechanism commonly used in microbial persistence is the variation of antigenic composition that eliminates epitopes that would otherwise be targeted by protective immune responses ( 12 , 13 , 14 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Cell-mediated responses were also evaluated, and higher dengue-specific splenocyte proliferation was observed in cell cultures derived from mice immunized with MWNT-DENV3E when compared to animals immunized with the non-conjugated DENV3E. (biomedcentral.com)
- The development of a more broadly efficacious MSP1 based vaccine may be hindered by clonally imprinted p33 responses mainly restricted at the T cell level. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this study, the homology of the p33 sequence between the clonally imprinted response and the vaccine allele determines the magnitude of vaccine induced responses. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cellular immune responses in mice immunized with these three vaccines were measured by ELISPOT test in vitro and CTL assay in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
- It indicated that strong SIV-Gag/Env-specific cellular immune responses were induced by these three vector vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
- Of the 12 responders, 11 developed responses to previously identified immunodominant CD4(+) T-cell epitopes, with 6 volunteers having responses to more than one epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
- Five out of 12 responders also developed CD8(+) T-cell responses to the epitope string. (ox.ac.uk)
- Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1), which is known to induce CD8 T cell responses, was used as a model. (biomedcentral.com)
- Given the ease with which T. annulata -transformed cell lines can be established and maintained in vitro and their susceptibility to infection with poxvirus vectors, these cell lines offer a convenient and efficient in vitro system to analyse the fine specificity of virus-specific CD8 T cell responses in cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
- Rational design of immunotherapeutics relies on clear knowledge of the immunodominant epitopes of antigens. (freepatentsonline.com)
- HLA-DM-mediated editing contributes significantly to immunodominance and is exploited in discovering immunodominant epitopes from novel or previously uncharacterized antigens, particularly antigens associated with pathogens, tumors or autoimmune diseases. (freepatentsonline.com)
- In this study, we developed PDDV cocktails containing multiple epitopes of S. japonicum from Sj22.6, Sj62 and Sj97 antigens by predicting cytotoxic, helper, and B-cell epitopes, and evaluated vaccine potential in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
- Our data show that combining these different antigens did not result in a more effective vaccine formulation when compared to each component administered individually, and further suggest that immune interference resulting from immunizations with antigenically distinct vaccine targets may be an important consideration in the development of multicomponent vaccine preparations. (biomedcentral.com)
- The major challenge in the development of anti-schistosome vaccines is to use defined antigens to stimulate the appropriate immune response that lead to protection. (biomedcentral.com)
- Previously we developed partially protective Th-, and B-cell epitope vaccines derived from the Sj22.6 or Sj62 antigens, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our results testify that intelligent in silico designing of antigens provide amenable vaccine epitopes from hard-to-manufacture hydrophobic domain rich microbial antigens. (bvsalud.org)
- Here, we report on a selection of updates that were presented including the production of vaccines in plants, novel adjuvants to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, novel techniques of conjugating vaccine platforms with target antigens and the use of VLP-based vaccines for cancer and inflammatory diseases. (ox.ac.uk)
- In the developed world the paediatric immunization schedule is becoming crowded, with pressure to administer increasing numbers of antigens simultaneously in ever simpler forms (e.g. subcomponent, peptide, and DNA vaccines). (who.int)
- Virus particles bud into the lumen of the ER as immature virions in which the E and prM proteins interact to form 60 heterotrimeric spikes with icosahedral symmetry ( 84 ). (asm.org)
- Both CD4 T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells that respond to JE virus and dengue proteins have been identified, and their epitopes have been mapped ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
- while the structural mapping of epitopes resulted in the interesting maintenance of the structural folding and epitope sequence localization also in the envelope proteins scoring a lower alignment score. (bvsalud.org)
- In this study, we identified six novel TBEV HLA-A2- and HLA-B7-restricted epitopes, all derived from the nonstructural proteins of TBEV. (immunohorizons.org)
- Experimental Validation of Multi- Epitope Peptides Including Promising MHC Class I- and II-Restricted Epitopes of Four Known Leishmania infantum Proteins. (pasteur.gr)
- Analysis of the linear B cell epitopes by employing Bepipred showed that the average antigenic indices (AI) of individual VP proteins were all greater than 0 and the average AI of VP4 was substantially higher than that of VP2 and VP3. (bvsalud.org)
- In this survey, we describe the look and creation of stabilized ZIKV E dimers, which absence precursor membrane proteins , nor expose the immunodominant fusion loop epitope. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
- Most of the other immunodominant proteins, including p48 and p45, were localized to the inner membrane. (asm.org)
- These findings indicate that leptospiral proteins recognized during natural infection are potentially useful for serodiagnosis and may serve as targets for vaccine design. (asm.org)
- Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus which poses a major threat to global public health. (medworm.com)
- Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is found across Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. (mja.com.au)
- M urray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne virus. (mja.com.au)
- 2011) Ligation of Fc gamma receptor IIB inhibits antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection. (duke-nus.edu.sg)
- 2014) Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 is critical for antibody-dependent dengue. (duke-nus.edu.sg)
- 2017) Hypoxia enhances antibody-dependent dengue virus infection. (duke-nus.edu.sg)
- In spite of polymorphisms in the gp15 sequence, there was a significant correlation between antibody levels to gp15 from both species, indicating cross-reactivity to conserved epitopes. (ajtmh.org)
- Alterations in Fcγ RIIA expression and membrane ether lipid composition collectively result in increased susceptibility to antibody‐dependent dengue infection. (cloudfront.net)
- Analysis of the antibody-binding pattern revealed 11 linear epitopes for the A subunit and 14 epitopes for the B subunit that are located on the surface of the toxin and thus accessible for antibody interactions. (jpt.com)
- Vaccines and antibody-based therapies saved millions of lives, even before their mechanisms of action were known, and continue to be an essential part of medicine. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- In ADE, the antibody will recognize and bind the virus particle with its Fab portion and subsequently attach to the Fc-receptor. (thesaneproject.org)
- Fc-receptor binding then enables the entry of antibody-virus complex into such immune cells, including myeloid-derived cells such as monocytes and macrophages. (thesaneproject.org)
- Here, Fc-receptor activated cells initiate excessive complement activation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, potentially leading to severe disease in otherwise fairly innocuous respiratory viruses 4 . (thesaneproject.org)
- This unique process, known as antibody-dependent enhancement of infection, has significantly hindered vaccine development. (grantome.com)
- The preventive vaccines typically elicit neutralizing antibody to interfere with HPV infection. (alpfmedical.info)
- 2010). Both dengue and YF wild viruses can induce a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to severe clinical features, the latter of which is characterised by haemorrhaic manifestations and shock syndrome, which are associated with vascular permeability and leakage. (scielo.br)
- By delivering Cas9 and guide-RNA (gRNA) with retro- or lenti-virus to IgM + mouse B cells and hybridomas, we induce class-switch recombination (CSR) of the IgH chain to the desired subclass. (antibodychain.com)
- A critical next step in the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines is to define the components of an HIV immunogen that could induce CD8+ T cells with broad and potent inhibitory capacity. (ox.ac.uk)
- Swiss mice were infected with this isolate to verify its potential to induce histopathological alterations characteristic of dengue. (bvsalud.org)
- The therapeutic vaccines would be likely to induce a virus-specific cellular immune. (alpfmedical.info)
- To evaluate the therapeutic effect of combined immunization strategy with multiple vector vaccines in macaque models. (bvsalud.org)
- It laid a foundation for evaluating the therapeutic effect of combined immunization strategy with multiple vector vaccines in SIV infected macaque models. (bvsalud.org)
- As more and more infectious agents become targets for immunization programmes, the spectrum of adverse events linked to vaccines has been widening. (who.int)
- During the past century of increasing use of vaccines, is considerable irony in the observation that the very those who support and promote immunization have success of the vaccines introduced to date has been in the large majority. (who.int)
- The current interests of his laboratory revolve around the immunology of infectious diseases with a special interest in dengue haemorrhagic fever and Zika, where his research is currently funded by the Wellcome Trust, with active research collaborations in South-East Asia. (jenner.ac.uk)
- My laboratory aims to address the critical gaps in knowledge in dengue by positioning itself at the interface between clinical epidemiology, virology and immunology. (duke-nus.edu.sg)
- Greg received his BS in Microbiology from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and his Ph.D. in Immunology from Tufts University, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences where he developed the model for Epstein Barr virus long-term latency in humans. (visterrainc.com)
- Cross-reactivity is particularly problematic in areas where different flaviviruses co-circulate or in populations that have been immunized with vaccines against TBEV, JEV, or YFV. (springer.com)
- Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that may cause severe acute infectious diseases, such as dengue fever and yellow fever (YF). (scielo.br)
- It is a member of the Japanese encephalitis serological complex of flaviviruses, which includes Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), Kunjin virus (KUNV), and others causing encephalitis worldwide. (mja.com.au)
- The present invention relates to a method for the early detection of flaviviruses, in particular of the dengue virus, and to the application thereof. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- It includes those diseases caused by alphaviruses (Barmah Forest and Ross River), flaviviruses (dengue, Murray Valley encephalitis, Kunjin, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever) and malaria. (health.gov.au)
- From Ebola virus outbreaks in Western Africa to the introduction of chikungunya and Zika viruses in the Americas, new and neglected viruses continue to emerge and spread around the world. (asm.org)
- Similarly, first chikungunya virus (CHIKV) rapidly spread throughout much of the Americas in 2013 to 2014 and then Zika virus (ZIKV) did so in 2015 to 2016. (asm.org)
- The Zika virus outbreak in Latin America resulted in congenital malformations, called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). (cdc.gov)
- Genomic Epidemiology of 2015-2016 Zika Virus Outbreak in Cape Verde. (mcgillgenomecentre.ca)
- The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has resulted in congenital abnormalities in fetuses and neonates. (jenner.ac.uk)
- 2018) A systematic approach to the development of a safe live attenuated zika vaccine. (duke-nus.edu.sg)
- A molecule naturally produced by the immune system protects mice and monkeys against Zika virus infection, researchers have found. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- Administering the molecule, called 25-hydroxycholesterol or 25HC, to pregnant mice reduced Zika virus infection in the fetal brain and protected against Zika-induced microcephaly. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- Investigators report herein the results of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of adult rhesus macaques. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- Scientists identified 25 HLA-B*0702-restricted epitopes and 1 HLA-A*0101-restricted epitope using interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining in Zika virus-infected IFN-α/β receptor-deficient HLA transgenic mice. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- Like Zika virus, POWV is a member of the family Flaviviridae. (cdc.gov)
- The potential use of the defined epitopes in the development of subunit vaccine is discussed. (ubc.ca)
- Furthermore, the immunogenicity of this vaccine candidate was evaluated in a murine model. (biomedcentral.com)
- Topics included novel vaccine production techniques, methods to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, and preclinical/clinical efficacy evaluation of vaccine candidates. (ox.ac.uk)
- In the case of other bacterial pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and group B streptococcus (GBS), for which vaccines are widely available or development is underway, CoPs provide a means of assessing the true efficacy and immunogenicity of potential vaccines [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- For example, IP-10/CXCL-10 was found to be elevated in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) (Fink et al. (scielo.br)
- Mostly dengue virus infection is asymptomatic, thus symptoms can vary from dengue fever (DF) to dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). (remedypublications.com)
- Employing several complementary cell-based systems and using the yellow fever vaccine (YF17D) and the respective PLLAV-YF17D, we screened a panel of small molecules known to interfere with antiviral signaling for their proviral activity and identified two potent inhibitors of the TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), BX795 and CYT387, to enhance YF17D replication and hence efficacy of PLLAV-YF17D transfection. (bvsalud.org)
- Despite the recent licensure of the CYD-TDV dengue vaccine in some countries, results from the vaccine's phase III trial have cast doubts about its overall efficacy and global applicability. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pooled results from two phase III trials, conducted in Asia and Latin America, revealed that the CYD-TDV vaccine presents an overall efficacy of 59.2%, and that could reach up to 65.6% when data from individuals under age of 9 are excluded. (biomedcentral.com)
- Molecular surveillance of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is important as it provides data on the circulating CHIKV genotypes in endemic countries and enabling activation of measures to be taken in the event of a pending outbreak. (medworm.com)
- In this chapter, we demonstrate the utilization of freely available resources to track the evolution and spread of Chikungunya virus. (medworm.com)
- This chapter presents the most commonly used serological methods for the diagnosis of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection in humans. (medworm.com)
- Simultaneous detection of chikungunya virus, dengue virus and human pathogenic Leptospira genomes using a multiplex TaqMan® assay. (gov.vn)
- Herein, we will discuss the role of T cells in protection and pathogenesis from severe disease as well as the implications for vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
- A multicenter study of clinical presentations and predictive factors for severe manifestation of dengue in adults. (gov.vn)
- Severe disease may also occur in horses and a vaccine for these animals is available. (wikipedia.org)
- Since the genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was published in January 2020, researchers worldwide have been developing a vaccine to limit the severe impact on public health the pandemic continues to cause. (thesaneproject.org)
- This is the first report showing that a single dose of a replication-deficient MVA vector can confer full protection against a lethal challenge with ML29 virus. (mdpi.com)
- In tissue culture, BX795 could fully revert the block that plasmid transfection poses on YF17D infection in a type I interferon dependent manner, as confirmed by (i) a marked change in gene expression signatures, (ii) a rescue of full YF17D replication, and (iii) a massively increased virus yield. (bvsalud.org)
- It has been related to a multitude of roles including virus infection, replication, dissemination and immune response stimulation. (bvsalud.org)
- The vaccines comprise a conserved region immunogen, HIVconsv, delivered by replication-defective chimpanzee adenovirus and MVA vectors. (ox.ac.uk)
- Through collaboration with the NIAID-funded HIV Vaccine Trials Network and Duke University NC, we have shown that targeting of selected vulnerable regions within the HIV proteome by CD8+ T cells is strongly associated with their capacity to inhibit HIV replication in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
- We are planning a series of vaccine trials to evaluate vaccinations with HIV and/or HCV immunogens, each delivered by replication-defective chimpanzee adenovirus and MVA vectors, in healthy volunteers and in HIV-positive HCV-uninfected patients on ART. (ox.ac.uk)
- K22 has been shown to act on early postentry stages of coronavirus replication and to target membrane-bound RNA synthesis by interfering with the establishment of virus-induced replicative structures. (mediaatlas.si)
- In this article we present results on the development, characterization and immunogenic evaluation of an alternative vaccine candidate against Dengue. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our laboratory continues to work on fundamental processes by which T lymphocytes recognize foreign pathogens including viruses such as smallpox, vaccinia, HIV, and influenza A. We have analyzed the basic function and structure of the T cell receptor (TCR) components: TCRalphabeta heterodimer, CD3epsilongamma and CD3epsilondelta heterodimers, and CD3zetazeta homodimer. (dana-farber.org)
- Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which infects young chickens, is one of the most important pathogens that harm the poultry industry. (bvsalud.org)
- Less virulent pathogens (e.g. varicella, rotavirus in the developed world) are also beginning to be targeted, and vaccine use is being justified in terms of societal and parental ``costs'' rather than in straightforward morbidity and mortality costs. (who.int)
- Epitope mapping is widely applied as an efficient tool for discovering the antigenic moieties of toxins, thus providing invaluable information needed for the development of vaccines and therapies. (jpt.com)
- The responsible virus, isolated in 1951, has been classified into four different antigenic types (DEN1, DEN2, DEN3 and DEN4). (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- Elucidation of antigenic epitopes on the rubella virus. (ubc.ca)
- These locked dimers are strong immunogen candidates for a next-generation vaccine. (pasteur.fr)
- In the framework of the independence of the national product, pursued research and development of raw materials that can be used for diagnostic kit and vaccine candidates. (scribd.com)
- While questions about the effectiveness of the CYD-TDV vaccine still lingers, it is wise to keep at hand an array of vaccine candidates, including alternative non-classical approaches like the one presented here. (biomedcentral.com)
- This must be considered carefully when designing vaccine candidates or treatment approaches. (thesaneproject.org)
- Through considerable effort, several vaccine candidates are undergoing human clinical trials [ 9 ] with possible licensure being accomplished in the next five years. (biomedcentral.com)
- Several vaccine candidates are presently in various stages of preclinical development [ 2 ], and a limited number have also reached early phase clinical trials [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Caused by Lassa virus (LASV), the disease is a scourge on populations in endemic areas of West Africa, where reported incidence is higher. (mdpi.com)
- Definitive CHIKV diagnosis is crucial, especially in distinguishing the disease from dengue virus, which co-circulates in endemic areas and shares the same mosquito vectors. (medworm.com)
- Ninety-five of 3,433 WN virus peptides scored above a predetermined cutoff, suggesting that these would be likely to bind to HLA B*07 and would also be likely candidate CTL epitopes. (cdc.gov)
- Computerized algorithms (NetMHC software) were used to predict minimal MHC-restricted 8-10-mer epitope sequences within AMA1 15-mer peptides active in ELISpot. (beds.ac.uk)
- We recently showed that the addition of a cholesterol group to HRC peptides active against Nipah virus targets these peptides to the membrane where fusion occurs, dramatically increasing their antiviral effect. (prolekare.cz)
- the cholesterol-tagged peptides cross the blood brain barrier, and effectively prevent and treat in an established animal model what would otherwise be fatal Nipah virus encephalitis. (prolekare.cz)
- The mutants containing the functional epitopes were further studied by using synthetic peptides. (ubc.ca)
- Memory CD8 T cells to influenza A viruses are widely detectable in healthy human subjects and broadly cross-reactive for serologically distinct influenza A virus subtypes. (cdc.gov)
- Seasonal influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses have been circulating in humans for many years . (cdc.gov)
- T-705) was initially discovered in 2002 as an antiviral drug selectively inhibiting the RdRp of influenza virus and then reported to have a high activity against a panel of Bunyaviruses (Gowen et al. (mediaatlas.si)
- Symptomatic dengue virus infection ranges in disease severity from an influenza-like illness to life-threatening shock. (grantome.com)
- Collectively, these data reveal an innate-like mode of epitope recognition with potential implications for the outcome of sequential exposure to heterologous DENVs. (jenner.ac.uk)
- His findings have implications for rational vaccine design. (dana-farber.org)
- It is concluded that EDIII as an immunogen may elicit cross-reactive mAbs toward an epitope that is not exposed on the virion surface, therefore contributing inefficiently to the mAbs neutralization potency. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- NiV and Hendra (HeV) viruses are emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses that are lethal to humans. (prolekare.cz)
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic virus with a host-range restricted to humans and chimpanzees. (jove.com)
- A better understanding of the humoral immune response to natural dengue virus infection in humans is sorely needed. (grantome.com)
- Many viruses have been implicated in T1D in both animal models and humans with varying levels of evidence. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The authors investigated mechanisms by which hepatitis C virus (HCV) modulates chemokine-mediated intercellular communication of the infected cells. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- Direct acting antiviral (DAA) agents are the standard of care for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals. (readbyqxmd.com)
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as the major pathogen of liver diseases in recent years leading to worldwide blood-transmitted chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. (hindawi.com)
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen affecting 3% of the human population [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- By utilizing the knowledge that I gain from this proposed work, I hope to develop my career in a direction independently of my mentor and begin to work on the rational design of a hepatitis C virus vaccine. (grantome.com)
- We combine basic virological and virus-host interaction studies with clinical investigations and experimental medicine. (duke-nus.edu.sg)
- For dengue fever, a chimeric YF/dengue vaccine (ChimeriVax TM technology) is currently being tested in clinical trials (Guy et al. (scielo.br)
- Moreover, the occurrence of rare fatal cases and adverse clinical manifestations has been associated with the YF vaccine (Vasconcelos et al. (scielo.br)
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during HCV treatment has been reported, the incidence and clinical outcome remains unclear. (readbyqxmd.com)
- In order to provide timely information for the care of the patient, it is important to establish a diagnosis of dengue virus infection during the first few days of clinical symptoms. (asm.org)
- To test this hypothesis, two adenovirus-vectored vaccines encoding P. falciparum CSP and AMA1 were evaluated in a Phase 1 clinical trial. (beds.ac.uk)
- We are testing ART in combination with vaccines and other agents in clinical trials. (ox.ac.uk)
- Some have recently moved into human clinical trials, and individuals have argued for the accelerated development and fast-tracking of vaccine testing and approval 1 . (thesaneproject.org)
- Introduction of mutations at the core residues of the DIII-lr epitope (residues S306, K307, T330, and T332) reduced or abrogated binding of not only E16 but also all other DIII-specific, strongly neutralizing MAbs ( 4 , 44 , 50 ). (asm.org)
- A recently defined class of individual mAbs acknowledge the E-dimer epitope (EDE)a quaternary epitope produced across the user interface of two E monomers arranged inside a head-to-tail conformation25. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
- Employing this technology, we have generated over 250 hybridomas secreting human mAbs to dengue virus from subjects who had recovered from primary or secondary infection. (grantome.com)
- In this work, we targeted eight promiscuous HIV-derived CD4 + T cell epitopes (HIVBr8) to the DEC205 + DCs by fusing the multiepitope immunogen to the heavy chain of αDEC205 (αDECHIVBr8), in the presence of the TLR3 agonist poly (I:C). In addition, we tested a DNA vaccine encoding the same epitopes using homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimens. (frontiersin.org)
- The success of heterologous regimens depended on the degree of homology of the N-terminal p33 portion of the MSP1 42 , likely due to the fact that most T cell epitopes reside in this part of the molecule. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therapeutic HIV vaccine was considered as a hopeful curative method for AIDS patients. (bvsalud.org)
- Vaccination could be implemented to prevent infection (prophylactic) or eliminate infection (therapeutic), or optimally by combining both strategies in a preventive and therapeutic vaccine. (alpfmedical.info)
- Rubella virus (RV), a positive-stranded RNA virus, is the only member of the genus Rubivirus within the Togaviridae family. (ubc.ca)
- Signature)( FIV-bDepartment of TA-1-tvi__06, The University of British ColumbiaVancouver, CanadaDate ^L4C_7.0 2 6/5 \DE-6 (2/88)ABSTRACTRubella virus (RV), a positive-stranded RNA virus, is the only member of the genus Rubivirus withinthe Togaviridae family. (ubc.ca)
- Live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) have achieved remarkable successes in controlling virus spread, as well as for other applications such as cancer immunotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
- When expressed together, GP and Z form Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) in cell culture. (mdpi.com)
- In an interview published in late 1998 which Montagnier gave to the French journalist Djamel Tahi, Montagnier was asked why he and his colleagues did not publish electron micrographs proving that the 1.16g/ml band (the "purified virus")contained isolated HIV particles. (theperthgroup.com)
- Virus-like particles (VLPs) and nano-particles (NPs) are promising vaccine platforms that have led to the successful development of commercially available vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
- This study presents a comprehensive analysis of functional T-cell memory against dengue viruses and suggests an HLA-linked protective role for CD8 + T cells. (pnas.org)
- Investigators demonstrated that primary human naive CD4 + and CD8 + T cells are permissive for dengue virus (DV) infection. (immunologyofinfectiousdiseasenews.com)
- Here, we discuss vaccine strategies that use C-type lectin receptor (CLR) targeting of APCs, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Moreover, the tested vaccine regimen induced proliferating CD4 + T cells with a cytotoxic profile ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are the main targets for viruses involved in vascular permeability induction (Schnittler & Feldmann 2003, Clyde et al. (scielo.br)
- Major histocompatibility complex ligands identified by this method may be used to screen T cells from WN virus-exposed persons for cell-mediated response to WN virus or to develop diagnostic reagents for immunopathogenesis studies and epidemiologic surveillance. (cdc.gov)
- T cells appear able to recognize both mutational neoepitopes and self-epitopes, which are not normally expressed in a way that activates the immune system. (ascopost.com)
- HLA-A2- and HLA-B7-restricted TBEV epitope-specific effector cells predominantly displayed a CD45RA − CCR7 − CD27 + CD57 − phenotype at day 7, which transitioned into separate distinct phenotypes for HLA-A2- and HLA-B7-restricted TBEV-specific CD8 + T cells, respectively. (immunohorizons.org)
- Almost all TBEV epitope-specific CD8 + T cells expressed α4 and β1 integrins at days 7 and 21, whereas the bulk CD8 + T cells expressed lower integrin levels. (immunohorizons.org)
- Studies of the Sm28GST vaccine suggest that both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells might contribute to protection. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, we also compared the efficiencies of virus internalization of RC-HL and R(G 242/255/268) strains by using NA cells (Fig. 5b). (camkkinases.com)
- Herein, the importance of myeloid cells in host defence is discussed and the mechanisms by which these viruses exploit myeloid cells are highlighted. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Distinct susceptibility of HIV vaccine vector-induced CD4 T cells to HIV infection. (nih.gov)
- Monocytes, macrophages, and skin dendritic cells are the primary target host cells for entry of dengue viruses. (remedypublications.com)
- Importantly, HCoV-229E mutants that were able to replicate in the presence of K22 were isolated following several virus passages on K22-treated cells. (mediaatlas.si)
- Instead of being neutralized, the virus persists in immune cells, causing an aberrant downstream cascade of immune effects and may replicate further. (thesaneproject.org)
- Induction of multifunctional human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T cells capable of proliferation in healthy subjects by using a prime-boost regimen of DNA- and modified vaccinia virus Ankara-vectored vaccines expressing HIV-1 Gag coupled to CD8+ T-cell epitopes. (ox.ac.uk)
- T. annulata - transformed cells were shown to express high levels of CD40 and CD80 and were susceptible to infection with BHV-1, vaccinia and canarypox viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
- Given the relatively low frequencies of virus-specific CD8 T cells in circulating memory T cell populations (typically ranging from 1/500 to 1/20 000 in human peripheral blood) [ 8 , 9 ], such assays have limited sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
- The establishment in vitro of cell lines enriched for virus-specific T cells provides a more sensitive means of dissecting the specificity of the response. (biomedcentral.com)
- A*24 (corrected P = 0.03) and DRB1*12 (corrected P = 0.041) were strongly associated with the development of DHF during primary dengue infection. (cdc.gov)
- By elucidating these mechanisms, we hope to contribute to the development of effective vaccines or therapeutics. (duke-nus.edu.sg)
- Guest Lecturer, undergraduate seminar "Development of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics" taught as a joint course between BrownUniversity and University of Rhode Island (Bio 160/ BIOL1600, URI/MTC 594). (krivak.rs)
- Further, we have created servers for multiple vaccine development based on prediction of supertypic MHC ligands. (dana-farber.org)
- The goal of our research is to understand the mechanisms that determine successful containment of HIV and how these can be exploited in the development of vaccines and T cell-based therapies. (ox.ac.uk)
- Progress in GAS vaccine development has been hindered by a number of obstacles, including a lack of standardization in immunoassays and the need to define human correlates of protection. (hindawi.com)
- A key element in vaccine development is the availability of a validated and standardized immunoassay that correlates with immune protection. (hindawi.com)
- However, this will only happen if the human and financial resources needed for monitoring and studying vaccine safety stay in step with the accelerating pace of vaccine development. (who.int)
- In addition to acute infection, these viruses cause asymptomatic infection in up to 60% of exposed people, and may lead to late-onset disease or relapse of encephalitis years after initial infection , as well as persistent or delayed neurological sequelae. (prolekare.cz)
- Dengue is an acute febrile tropical disease and the virus which causes it is an arbovirus which is transmitted by mosquitoes. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- Powassan virus (POWV) infection is a tick-borne emerging infectious disease in the United States and North America. (cdc.gov)
- Researchers found initial evidence for ADE in feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). (thesaneproject.org)
- It is a significant cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide, but no efficacious vaccine is currently available. (hindawi.com)
- Historically, vaccines have come to represent a highly cost-effective means to reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. (alpfmedical.info)
- Due to a lack of existing vaccines or specific therapeutics, little other than supportive care and attempts to interrupt transmission can be provided during initial outbreaks. (asm.org)
- Antiviral therapeutics targeting potential restriction sites during different stages of virus life cycle were studied. (remedypublications.com)
- No vaccines or therapeutics specific for SFTS have been approved for human use. (mediaatlas.si)
- The present invention broadly relates to the synergistic attenuation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), More particularly, the invention relates to the identification of combined mutation classes which synergistically attenuate the pathogenicity of VSV vectors in mammals and immunogenic compositions thereof. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- We found that HLA-A*31 (corrected P = 0.01) and DRB1*08 (corrected P = 0.009) were associated with susceptibility to DSS when infected with the dengue virus, during secondary dengue infection. (cdc.gov)
- The differential cytokine production indicates that DENV2 results in TNF induction, which discriminates it from vaccine viruses that preferentially stimulate interferon expression. (scielo.br)
- A Modified mRNA Vaccine Targeting Immunodominant NS Epitopes Protects Against Dengue Virus Infection in HLA Class I Transgenic Mice. (mcgillgenomecentre.ca)
- A single intramuscular dose of GEO-LM01 protected 100% of CBA/J mice challenged with a lethal dose of ML29, a Mopeia/Lassa reassortant virus, delivered directly into the brain. (mdpi.com)
- Sequential and repeated immune strategy were applied to immunize mice with these three vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
- Despite several efforts in the last decades, an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine is still not available. (frontiersin.org)