Uridine. Medical search

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of ribose from uridine to orthophosphate, forming uracil and ribose 1-phosphate.

An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine to uridine 5'-phosphate and cytidine 5'-phosphate, respectively. ATP, dUTP, dGTP, and dATP are effective phosphate donors. EC 2.7.1.48.

Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.

A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.

A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.

A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base CYTOSINE linked to the five-carbon sugar D-RIBOSE.

Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.

Pyrimidines with a RIBOSE and phosphate attached that can polymerize to form DNA and RNA.

Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.

Pyrimidines with a RIBOSE attached that can be phosphorylated to PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES.

A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of UDPglucose to UDPglucuronate in the presence of NAD+. EC 1.1.1.22.

A family of enzymes accepting a wide range of substrates, including phenols, alcohols, amines, and fatty acids. They function as drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of UDPglucuronic acid to a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. EC 2.4.1.17.

A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.

A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of N-acetylgalactosamine for glycoproteins, sulfatides and cerebrosides.

Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)

Proteins involved in the transport of NUCLEOSIDES across cellular membranes.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.

The decarboxylation product of UDPglucuronic acid, which is used for formation of the xylosides of seryl hydroxyl groups in mucoprotein synthesis. Also forms plant xylans.

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a pentose group from one compound to another.

2'-Deoxyuridine. An antimetabolite that is converted to deoxyuridine triphosphate during DNA synthesis. Laboratory suppression of deoxyuridine is used to diagnose megaloblastic anemias due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies.

A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Orotidine-5'-phosphate carboxy-lyase. Catalyzes the decarboxylation of orotidylic acid to yield uridylic acid in the final step of the pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway. EC 4.1.1.23.

Small kinetoplastid mitochondrial RNA that plays a major role in RNA EDITING. These molecules form perfect hybrids with edited mRNA sequences and possess nucleotide sequences at their 5'-ends that are complementary to the sequences of the mRNA's immediately downstream of the pre-edited regions.

Nucleosides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A necessary enzyme in the metabolism of galactose. It reversibly catalyzes the conversion of UDPglucose to UDPgalactose. NAD+ is an essential component for enzymatic activity. EC 5.1.3.2.

A purine nucleoside that has guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play important roles in metabolism. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

A rather large group of enzymes comprising not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.

The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.

A subtype of equilibrative nucleoside transporter proteins that is insensitive to inhibition by 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of UDPglucose from UTP plus glucose 1-phosphate. EC 2.7.7.9.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P2 RECEPTORS.

A class of cell surface receptors for PURINES that prefer ATP or ADP over ADENOSINE. P2 purinergic receptors are widespread in the periphery and in the central and peripheral nervous system.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Derivatives of GLUCURONIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the 6-carboxy glucose structure.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A subclass of purinergic P2Y receptors that have a preference for ATP and UTP. The activated P2Y2 receptor acts through a G-PROTEIN-coupled PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL and intracellular CALCIUM SIGNALING pathway.

A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.

Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity.

A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They include several nucleic acid constituents (CYTOSINE; THYMINE; and URACIL) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates.

A group of ribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

Nucleotides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed)

An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

Ribonucleic acid in protozoa having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P2Y RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are agonists for specific P2Y receptor subtypes.

A subtype of equilibrative nucleoside transporter proteins that is sensitive to inhibition by 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

A familial form of congenital hyperbilirubinemia transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. It is characterized by icterus and brain damage caused by a glucuronyl transferase deficiency in the liver and faulty bilirubin conjugation.

Enzymes that catalyze the S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methylation of ribonucleotide bases within a transfer RNA molecule. EC 2.1.1.

Ribose substituted in the 1-, 3-, or 5-position by a phosphoric acid moiety.

4-Hydroxy-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyridinone. Analog of uridine lacking a ring-nitrogen in the 3-position. Functions as an antineoplastic agent.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

A group of uridine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each uridine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

Enzymes that catalyze the epimerization of chiral centers within carbohydrates or their derivatives. EC 5.1.3.

Purines with a RIBOSE attached that can be phosphorylated to PURINE NUCLEOTIDES.

A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)

Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl-, phospho-, amino- or other groups from one position within a molecule to another. EC 5.4.

An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.

A group of compounds which consist of a nucleotide molecule to which an additional nucleoside is attached through the phosphate molecule(s). The nucleotide can contain any number of phosphates.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Compounds that bind to and activate PURINERGIC RECEPTORS.

A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes nagana in domestic and game animals in Africa. It apparently does not infect humans. It is transmitted by bites of tsetse flies (Glossina).

Purines attached to a RIBOSE and a phosphate that can polymerize to form DNA and RNA.

A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A pentose active in biological systems usually in its D-form.

The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS.

Pentosyltransferases that catalyze the reaction between a pyrimidine nucleoside and orthophosphate to form a free pyrimidine and ribose-5-phosphate.

A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glycine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Mutant strain of Rattus norvegicus which is used as a disease model of kernicterus.

Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A purine or pyrimidine base bonded to DEOXYRIBOSE.

Glycosides of GLUCURONIC ACID formed by the reaction of URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCURONIC ACID with certain endogenous and exogenous substances. Their formation is important for the detoxification of drugs, steroid excretion and BILIRUBIN metabolism to a more water-soluble compound that can be eliminated in the URINE and BILE.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. EC 3.1.-.

Alicyclic hydrocarbons in which three or more of the carbon atoms in each molecule are united in a ring structure and each of the ring carbon atoms is joined to two hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups. The simplest members are cyclopropane (C3H6), cyclobutane (C4H8), cyclohexane (C6H12), and derivatives of these such as methylcyclohexane (C6H11CH3). (From Sax, et al., Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A series of heterocyclic compounds that are variously substituted in nature and are known also as purine bases. They include ADENINE and GUANINE, constituents of nucleic acids, as well as many alkaloids such as CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE. Uric acid is the metabolic end product of purine metabolism.

An order of flagellate protozoa. Characteristics include the presence of one or two flagella arising from a depression in the cell body and a single mitochondrion that extends the length of the body.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of a nucleotide and water to a nucleoside and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.-.

A class of enzymes that transfers nucleotidyl residues. EC 2.7.7.

A class of carbohydrates that contains five carbon atoms.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

A genus of small tapeworms of birds and mammals.

A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)

Adenosine molecules which can be substituted in any position, but are lacking one hydroxyl group in the ribose part of the molecule.

A division of organisms that exist vegetatively as complex mobile plasmodia, reproduce by means of spores, and have complex life cycles. They are now classed as protozoa but formerly were considered fungi.

A class of sodium-independent nucleoside transporters that mediate the facilitative transport of NUCLEOSIDES.

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of guanine to form xanthine. EC 3.5.4.3.

RNA present in neoplastic tissue.

One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

An enzyme that catalyzes reversible reactions of a nucleoside triphosphate, e.g., ATP, with a nucleoside monophosphate, e.g., UMP, to form ADP and UDP. Many nucleoside monophosphates can act as acceptor while many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donor. EC 2.7.4.4.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Defective metabolism leading to fat maldistribution in patients infected with HIV. The etiology appears to be multifactorial and probably involves some combination of infection-induced alterations in metabolism, direct effects of antiretroviral therapy, and patient-related factors.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate to yield orthophosphate and N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.1.3.2.

A subclass of transferases that transfer chemical groups containing a single carbon. These include the METHYLTRANSFERASES, the HYDROXYMETHYL AND FORMYL TRANSFERASES, the CARBOXYL AND CARBAMOYL TRANSFERASES, and the AMIDINOTRANSFERASES. EC 2.1.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An enzyme that catalyzes the reaction between a purine nucleoside and orthophosphate to form a free purine plus ribose-5-phosphate. EC 2.4.2.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of linear RNA to a circular form by the transfer of the 5'-phosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl terminus. It also catalyzes the covalent joining of two polyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage. EC 6.5.1.3.

Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein.

Electrophoresis in which paper is used as the diffusion medium. This technique is confined almost entirely to separations of small molecules such as amino acids, peptides, and nucleotides, and relatively high voltages are nearly always used.

A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)

Stable phosphorus atoms that have the same atomic number as the element phosphorus, but differ in atomic weight. P-31 is a stable phosphorus isotope.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of galactose from a nucleoside diphosphate galactose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups to an acceptor. Most often another carbohydrate molecule acts as an acceptor, but inorganic phosphate can also act as an acceptor, such as in the case of PHOSPHORYLASES. Some of the enzymes in this group also catalyze hydrolysis, which can be regarded as transfer of a glycosyl group from the donor to water. Subclasses include the HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES; PENTOSYLTRANSFERASES; SIALYLTRANSFERASES; and those transferring other glycosyl groups. EC 2.4.

Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.

A purine or pyrimidine base bonded to a DEOXYRIBOSE containing a bond to a phosphate group.

Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P2 RECEPTORS.

A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.

The chemical reactions that occur within the cells, tissues, or an organism. These processes include both the biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) and the breakdown (CATABOLISM) of organic materials utilized by the living organism.

Analogs of those substrates or compounds which bind naturally at the active sites of proteins, enzymes, antibodies, steroids, or physiological receptors. These analogs form a stable covalent bond at the binding site, thereby acting as inhibitors of the proteins or steroids.

A class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of nitrogen-linked sugars.

The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.

An enzyme that in the course of pyrimidine biosynthesis, catalyzes the oxidation of dihydro-orotic acid to orotic acid utilizing oxygen as the electron acceptor. This enzyme is a flavoprotein which contains both FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE and FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE as well as iron-sulfur centers. EC 1.3.3.1.

Purine bases related to hypoxanthine, an intermediate product of uric acid synthesis and a breakdown product of adenine catabolism.

The study of the origin, nature, properties, and actions of drugs and their effects on living organisms.

Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Cell surface proteins that bind PURINES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The best characterized classes of purinergic receptors in mammals are the P1 receptors, which prefer ADENOSINE, and the P2 receptors, which prefer ATP or ADP.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21.

A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.

Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.

High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages.

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on carbon-carbon bonds. This enzyme group includes all the enzymes that introduce double bonds into substrates by direct dehydrogenation of carbon-carbon single bonds.

A class of enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule to form a single product. The reactions do not involve a net change in the concentrations of compounds other than the substrate and the product.(from Dorland, 28th ed) EC 5.

A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.

A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying arginine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.

A genus of flagellate protozoa comprising several species that are pathogenic for humans. Organisms of this genus have an amastigote and a promastigote stage in their life cycles. As a result of enzymatic studies this single genus has been divided into two subgenera: Leishmania leishmania and Leishmania viannia. Species within the Leishmania leishmania subgenus include: L. aethiopica, L. arabica, L. donovani, L. enrietti, L. gerbilli, L. hertigi, L. infantum, L. major, L. mexicana, and L. tropica. The following species are those that compose the Leishmania viannia subgenus: L. braziliensis, L. guyanensis, L. lainsoni, L. naiffi, and L. shawi.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of hexose groups. EC 2.4.1.-.

A family of 3,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)phthalides. They are used as CATHARTICS, indicators, and COLORING AGENTS.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

Inborn errors of bilirubin metabolism resulting in excessive amounts of bilirubin in the circulating blood, either because of increased bilirubin production or because of delayed clearance of bilirubin from the blood.

A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

Within most types of eukaryotic CELL NUCLEUS, a distinct region, not delimited by a membrane, in which some species of rRNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) are synthesized and assembled into ribonucleoprotein subunits of ribosomes. In the nucleolus rRNA is transcribed from a nucleolar organizer, i.e., a group of tandemly repeated chromosomal genes which encode rRNA and which are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The biosynthesis of transfer RNA in insects. II. Isolation of transfer RNA precursors from the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori. (1/2242)

The occurrence of precursors to tRNA in the post-polysomal fraction of the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori was demonstrated by pulse-chase labeling and DNA-RNA hybridization competition experiments. These precursors had molecular sizes ranging from 4S to 5S on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analysis of the incorporation of the methyl group from [methyl-14C]methionine revealed that a radioactive peak on polyacrylamide gel appeared in the 4.5S region during brief labeling. This suggested that some methylation occurred at the 4.5S precursor step. (+info)

[3H]gemcitabine uptake by nucleoside transporters in a human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line. (2/2242)

Cellular uptake of many chemotherapeutic nucleoside analogs is dependent on the activity of a family of nucleoside transport proteins located in the cell plasma membrane. In the present study, we examined the role of these transporters in the accumulation of gemcitabine by a human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line. The uptake of [3H]gemcitibine was compared with that of [3H]uridine and [3H]formycin B in the parent cell line (HN-5a) and in a gemcitabine-resistant variant (GEM-8e). The HN-5a and GEM-8e cells were similar in their transport characteristics and expressed predominantly the es (equilibrative, inhibitor-sensitive) transporter subtype; less than 10% of the influx of [3H]formycin B or [3H]uridine was mediated by the ei (equilibrative inhibitor-resistant) system, and there was no evidence for Na+-dependent nucleoside transporters. [3H]Gemcitabine (10 microM) entered these cells via both the es and ei transporters with an initial rate of uptake similar to that seen with the use of [3H]formycin B or [3H]uridine. In addition, ATP-replete cells accumulated significantly less [3H]gemcitabine than did ATP-depleted cells, which is indicative of an active efflux mechanism for gemcitabine. These results show that gemcitabine is a substrate for both the es and ei nucleoside transporters of HN-5a and GEM-8e cells and that gemcitabine resistance of the GEM-8e cells cannot be attributed to changes in transporter activity. Further studies to define the characteristics of the putative efflux mechanism are clearly warranted because this system has the potential to significantly affect the clinical efficacy of gemcitabine. (+info)

Nucleoside-3'-phosphotriesters as key intermediates for the oligoribonucleotide synthesis. III. An improved preparation of nucleoside 3'-phosphotriesters, their 1H NMR characterization and new conditions for removal of 2-cyanoethyl group. (3/2242)

An improved procedure for the transformation of 5'-O-monomethoxytrityl-2'-O-acetyl-3'-phosphates of uridine la, inosine ib and 6-N-benzoyladenosine lc into corresponding 3'/2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-cyanoethyl/-phosphates iiaic is reported. H NMR characterization of nucleoside 3'-phosphotriesters is presented. New conditions i.e. anhydrous triethylamine-pyridine treatment have been found for the selective removal of 2-cyanoethyl group from nucleoside 3'-phosphotriesters in the presence of neighbouring 2'-O-acetyl one. (+info)

Binding of neuronal ELAV-like proteins to the uridine-rich sequence in the 3'-untranslated region of tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA. (4/2242)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in the pathogenesis of several human CNS disorders. The AU-rich element (ARE) in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of TNF-alpha mRNA is implicated in post-transcriptional control of TNF-alpha. In this study, we showed that a human neuronal ELAV-like protein binds to the ARE in the 3'-UTR of TNF-alpha mRNA. The protein binds to the uridine stretch in AUUUA pentanucleotides inside the ARE in the 3'-UTR of TNF-alpha mRNA. The TNF-alpha mRNA-binding region in the protein appears to be identical to the c-myc and IL-3 mRNA-binding regions. Moreover, this study showed that in vitro treatment of neuroblastoma cells with interleukin-4 (IL-4), which inhibits TNF-alpha production, reduced the expression of the neuronal ELAV-like proteins. These results suggest that the expression of neuronal ELAV-like proteins may be closely associated with the expression of TNF-alpha in neuronal cells. (+info)

Use of tracheal organ cultures in toxicity testing. (5/2242)

Fragments of tracheal epithelium alone or in continuity with connective tissues, can be maintained in culture medium and used for short term or long term studies of toxicity of a variety of chemicals. Large numbers of uniform cultures are prepared with the aid of a slicing device or by application of simple method for dissecting sheets of epithelium free from underlying cartilage. The cultures may be placed in an exposure chamber-incubator mounted on a microscope stage and monitored continually for ciliostasis and exfoliation of cells. Morphology is further studied by fixation of selected specimens and preparation for light microscopy and electron microscopy. Synthetic functions are evaluated by autoradiographic measurement of incorporation of radioactive precursors into macromolecules and other dynamic features are indirectly assessed by histochemical and histoenzymatic methods. Short-term studies using these several techniques have shown that ciliostasis does not correlate with cell injury in all instances, and a long-term study has demonstrated dose dependence of a cytotoxic agent when duration of culture viability is measured. The method lends itself to a broad range of investigations in which dose, period of exposure, and role of cofactors must be independently and quantitatively assessed. (+info)

Biochemical studies of isolated hamster tracheal epithelium. (6/2242)

The epithelial lining of respiratory air passageways is a primary target tissue for toxicity and carcinogenesis in man and in animal models of human disease. The importance of this target tissue was the basis for development of methods to study its biochemistry, and with this information to distinguish the unique properties of this tissue from properties common to all cell types. Biochemical methods employed labeling of macromolecules in isolated hamster treacheas during brief (less than 4 hr) incubation in vitro. Studies of RNA metabolism in isolated tracheas demonstrated a pattern of maturation of ribosomal RNA like that shown for other cell types. Alterations in RNA metabolism were observed in isolated tracheas obtained from vitamin A-deficient hamsters and hamsters previously treated by intratracheal administration of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) plus ferric oxide (Fe2O3) in vivo. Studies with toyocamycin, actinomycin D, and alpha-amanitin, all inhibitors of RNA metabolism, were performed to characterize the class of RNA molecules with a decreased proportion of labeling in tracheas from vitamin A deficient hamsters. In another series of experiments, BP was shown to bind to DNA in epithelial cells of isolated tracheas. The quantity of BP binding was increased by prior intratracheal treatment of hamsters with BP plus Fe2O3 in vivo, this induced binding was inhibited by addition of 7,8-benzoflavone to the incubation medium. Increased BP binding was also observed in isolated tracheas from hamsters believed to be in states of increased susceptibility to respiratory carcinogenesis in vivo. The results show that biochemical studies are feasible with this tissue. Furthermore, a number of questions of importance with regard to this target epithelium are best studied directly in its constituent cells. (+info)

The uridine in "U-turn": contributions to tRNA-ribosomal binding. (7/2242)

"U-turns" represent an important class of structural motifs in the RNA world, wherein a uridine is involved in an abrupt change in the direction of the polynucleotide backbone. In the crystal structure of yeast tRNAPhe, the invariant uridine at position 33 (U33), adjacent to the anticodon, stabilizes the exemplar U-turn with three non-Watson-Crick interactions: hydrogen bonding of the 2'-OH to N7 of A35 and the N3-H to A36-phosphate, and stacking between C32 and A35-phosphate. The functional importance of each noncanonical interaction was determined by assaying the ribosomal binding affinities of tRNAPhe anticodon stem and loop domains (ASLs) with substitutions at U33. An unsubstituted ASL bound 30S ribosomal subunits with an affinity (Kd = 140+/-50 nM) comparable to that of native yeast tRNAPhe (Kd = 100+/-20 nM). However, the binding affinities of ASLs with dU-33 (no 2'-OH) and C-33 (no N3-H) were significantly reduced (2,930+/-140 nM and 2,190+/-300 nM, respectively). Surprisingly, the ASL with N3-methyluridine-33 (no N3-H) bound ribosomes with a high affinity (Kd = 220+/-20 nM). In contrast, ASLs constructed with position 33 uridine analogs in nonstacking, nonnative, and constrained conformations, dihydrouridine (C2'-endo), 6-methyluridine (syn) and 2'O-methyluridine (C3'-endo) had almost undetectable binding. The inability of ASLs with 6-methyluridine-33 and 2'O-methyluridine-33 to bind ribosomes was not attributable to any thermal instability of the RNAs. These results demonstrate that proton donations by the N3-H and 2'OH groups of U33 are not absolutely required for ribosomal binding. Rather, the results suggest that the overall uridine conformation, including a dynamic (C3'-endo > C2'-endo) sugar pucker, anti conformation, and ability of uracil to stack between C32 and A35-phosphate, are the contributing factors to a functional U-turn. (+info)

The mismatch repair protein, hMLH1, mediates 5-substituted halogenated thymidine analogue cytotoxicity, DNA incorporation, and radiosensitization in human colon cancer cells. (8/2242)

Deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is found in some hereditary (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) and sporadic colon cancers as well as other common solid cancers. MMR deficiency has recently been shown to impart cellular resistance to multiple chemical agents, many of which are commonly used in cancer chemotherapy. It is therefore of interest to find an approach that selectively targets cells that have lost the ability to perform MMR. In this study, we examine the response of MMR-proficient (hMLH1+) and MMR-deficient (hMLH1-) colon carcinoma cell lines to the halogenated thymidine (dThd) analogues iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) before and after irradiation. These dThd analogues are used clinically as experimental sensitizing agents in radioresistant human cancers, and there is a direct correlation between the levels of dThd analogue DNA incorporation and tumor radiosensitization. In contrast to the well-characterized, marked increase in cytotoxicity (> 1 log cell kill) found with 6-thioguanine exposures in HCT116/3-6 (hMLH1+) cells compared to HCT116 (hMLH1-) cells, we found only modest cytotoxicity (10-20% cell kill) in both cell lines when treated with IdUrd or BrdUrd for 1 population doubling. Upon further analysis, the levels of halogenated dThd analogues in DNA were significantly lower (two to three times lower) in HCT116/3-6 cells than in HCT116 cells, and similar results were found in Mlh1+/+ spontaneously immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts and fibroblasts from Mlh1 knockout mice. As a result of the higher levels of the dThd analogue in DNA, there was an increase in radiation sensitivity in HCT116 cells but not in HCT116/3-6 cells after pretreatment with IdUrd or BrdUrd when compared to treatment with radiation alone. Additionally, we found no differences in the cellular metabolic pathways for dThd analogue DNA incorporation because the enzyme activities of dThd kinase and thymidylate synthase, as well as the levels of triphosphate pools, were similar in HCT116 and HCT116/3-6 cells. These data suggest that the hMLH1 protein may participate in the recognition and subsequent removal of halogenated dThd analogues from DNA. Consequently, whereas MMR-deficient cells and tumor xenografts have shown intrinsic resistance to a large number of chemotherapeutic agents, the 5-halogenated dThd analogues appear to selectively target such cells for potential enhanced radiation sensitivity. (+info)

... is widely produced in nature as uridine monophosphate (uridylate) by de novo synthesis by the decarboxylation of ... Some foods that contain uridine in the form of RNA are listed below. Although claimed that virtually none of the uridine in ... 0.5 to 1.0 g uridine per kilogram dry weight) Brewer's yeast (1.7% uridine by dry weight) Beer Broccoli Organ meats (liver, ... has ever been reliably shown to elevate blood uridine levels'. This is contradicted by Yamamoto et al., plasma uridine levels ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine

In enzymology, an uridine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction uridine + phosphate ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is uridine:phosphate alpha-D-ribosyltransferase. Other names in common use include ... Pontis H, Degerstedt G, Reichard P (1961). "Uridine and deoxyuridine phosphorylases from Ehrlich ascites tumor". Biochim. ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } uracil + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are uridine and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_phosphorylase

... (INN), formerly known as vistonuridine, is an orally active tri-acetylated prodrug of uridine used: in the ... "Uridine triacetate - DrugBank Page". 12 March 2017. "Xuriden- uridine triacetate granule". DailyMed. 16 December 2019. ... "Approved Drugs - Uridine Triacetate". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved ... "Uridine triacetate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Portal: Medicine v t e (Source attribution, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_triacetate

In brain research studies, uridine monophosphate is used as a convenient delivery compound for uridine. Uridine is the active ... Uridine is present in many foods, mainly in the form of RNA. Non-phosphorylated uridine is not bioavailable beyond first-pass ... Uridine monophosphate (UMP), also known as 5′-uridylic acid (conjugate base uridylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a ... It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_monophosphate

In enzymology, an uridine kinase (EC 2.7.1.48) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + uridine ⇌ {\displaystyle ... Other names in common use include pyrimidine ribonucleoside kinase, uridine-cytidine kinase, uridine kinase (phosphorylating), ... I. Uridine-cytidine kinase of Novikoff ascites rat tumor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 244 (8): 2204-9. PMID 5782006. ... Skold O (1960). "Uridine kinase from Erlich ascites tumor: purification and properties". J. Biol. Chem. 235: 3273-3279. Portal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_kinase

... , abbreviated UDP, is a nucleotide diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside ... the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase forms a UDP-glucose unit by combining glucose 1-phosphate with uridine triphosphate, ... uridine. UDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil. UDP is an important ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate

In enzymology, an uridine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction uridine + H2O ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is uridine ribohydrolase. This enzyme is also called uridine hydrolase. This enzyme ... Carter CE (1951). "Partial purification of a non-phosphorylytic uridine nucleosidase from yeast". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73 (4): ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-ribose + uracil Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are uridine and H2O, whereas its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_nucleosidase

Uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) is a pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of the organic base uracil linked to the 1′ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_triphosphate

These two sites catalyze the last two steps of the de novo uridine monophosphate (UMP) biosynthetic pathway. After addition of ... The enzyme Uridine monophosphate synthase (EC 4.1.1.23, UMPS) (orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidine-5'- ... Traut TW, Jones ME (1996). Uracil metabolism--UMP synthesis from orotic acid or uridine and conversion of uracil to beta- ... Iannuzzi L, Di Meo GP, Ryan AM, Gallagher DS, Ferrara L, Womack JE (May 1994). "Localization of uridine monophosphate synthase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_monophosphate_synthase

... (UDP-galactose) is an intermediate in the production of polysaccharides. It is important in ... Galactose UDP galactose epimerase Uridine diphosphate "Galactose 1 Phosphate Uridyltransferase Deficiency". StatPearls. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate_galactose

... (uracil-diphosphate glucose, UDP-glucose) is a nucleotide sugar. It is involved in ... DNA Nucleoside Nucleotide Oligonucleotide RNA TDP-glucose Uracil Uridine diphosphate Rademacher T, Parekh R, Dwek R (1988). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate_glucose

... uridine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl-L-methionine and tRNA uridine, whereas its two products are 5'- ... Nishimura S, Taya Y, Kuchino Y, Oashi Z (1974). "Enzymatic synthesis of 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine in Escherichia coli ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA-uridine 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)transferase. ... In enzymology, a tRNA-uridine aminocarboxypropyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.25) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA-uridine_aminocarboxypropyltransferase

... or UDP-GlcNAc is a nucleotide sugar and a coenzyme in metabolism. It is used by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate_N-acetylglucosamine

UDP-glucuronic acid is a sugar used in the creation of polysaccharides and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (except in primates and guinea pigs). It is made from UDP-glucose by UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.22) using NAD+ as a cofactor. It is the source of the glucuronosyl group in glucuronosyltransferase reactions. Glucuronic acid UDP Bontemps Y, Vuillermoz B, Antonicelli F, Perreau C, Danan JL, Maquart FX, Wegrowski Y (Jun 2003). "Specific protein-1 is a universal regulator of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase expression: its positive involvement in transforming growth factor-beta signaling and inhibition in hypoxia". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (24): 21566-75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209366200. PMID 12682078. Sommer BJ, Barycki JJ, Simpson MA (May 2004). "Characterization of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. CYS-276 is required for the second of two successive oxidations". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (22): 23590-6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401928200. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate_glucuronic_acid

... or UDP-GalNAc is a nucleotide sugar. It is used by glycosyltransferases to transfer N ... Galactosamine Globoside N-Acetylgalactosamine (N-Acetylglucosamine) GlcNAc "Uridine-diphosphate-n-acetylgalactosamine". pubchem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate_N-acetylgalactosamine

... may refer to: Cyanohydrin beta-glucosyltransferase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_diphosphoglucose-cyanohydrin_glucosyltransferase

... may refer to: Protein O-GlcNAc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide_beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

... uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine phosphorylase, and ... Strominger JL, Smith MS (1959). "Uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase". J. Biol. Chem. 234 (7): 1822-1827. doi: ... Pattabiraman TN, Bachhawat BK (June 1961). "Purification of uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase from sheep ... Other names in common use include UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP-N-acetylglucosamine_diphosphorylase

... uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase, UDP-D-glucose dehydrogenase, and uridine diphosphate D-glucose dehydrogenase. In ... Axelrod J, Kalckar HM, Maxwell ES, Strominger JL (Jan 1957). "Enzymatic formation of uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid". The ... Kalckar HM, Maxwell ES, Strominger JL (Nov 1956). "Some properties of uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase". Archives of ... Other names in common use include: UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase, UDPG dehydrogenase, UDPG: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP-glucose_6-dehydrogenase

Glaser L, Melo A, Paul R (1987). "Uridine diphosphate sugar hydrolase. Purification of enzyme and protein inhibitor". J. Biol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP-sugar_diphosphatase

Zea CJ, Camci-Unal G, Pohl NL (July 2008). "Thermodynamics of binding of divalent magnesium and manganese to uridine phosphates ... Sundararajan TA, Rapin AM, Kalckar HM (December 1962). "Biochemical observations on E. coli mutants defective in uridine ... Turnquist, Richard L.; Hansen, R. Gaurth (1973-01-01). "2 Uridine Diphosphoryl Glucose Pyrophosphorylase". In Boyer, Paul D. ( ... Tsuboi KK, Fukunaga K, Petricciani JC (February 1969). "Purification and specific kinetic properties of erythrocyte uridine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTP—glucose-1-phosphate_uridylyltransferase

"Entrez Gene: UPP1 uridine phosphorylase 1". Russell, R L; Cao D; Zhang D; Handschumacher R E; Pizzorno G (April 2001). "Uridine ... 2002). "Homeostatic control of uridine and the role of uridine phosphorylase: a biological and clinical update". Biochim. ... Uridine phosphorylase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UPP1 gene. UPP1 has been shown to interact with Vimentin ... 2002). "Uridine phosphorylase is a potential prognostic factor in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma". Cancer. 94 (11 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPP1

Russell RL, Cao D, Zhang D, Handschumacher RE, Pizzorno G (April 2001). "Uridine phosphorylase association with vimentin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vimentin

They begin with a 5' uridine. The remaining 20 nucleotides are diverse. They are modified at their 3′-terminal ribose. See Piwi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21U-RNA

The sequence contains no uridine residues; they are replaced by 1-methyl-3'-pseudouridylyl. The 2P proline substitutions in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer–BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine

". "Entrez Gene: UMPS uridine monophosphate synthetase". "Entrez Gene: UCK2 uridine-cytidine kinase 2". Chitrakar I, Kim- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrimidine_metabolism

Ankel H, Feingold DS (1965). "Biosynthesis of uridine diphosphate D-xylose. 1. Uridine diphosphate glucuronate carboxy-lyase of ... Other names in common use include uridine-diphosphoglucuronate decarboxylase, and UDP-D-glucuronate carboxy-lyase. This enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP-glucuronate_decarboxylase

Phospho-N-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide translocase (uridine monophosphate)". Biochemistry. 5 (1): 82-93. doi:10.1021/bi00865a012 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide-transferase

Rudick VL, Weisman RA (1974). "Uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Purification, kinetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTP-monosaccharide-1-phosphate_uridylyltransferase

... uridine diphosphoacetylpyruvoylglucosamine reductase, uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine-enolpyruvate reductase, uridine-5'- ... Taku A, Anwar RA (1973). "Biosynthesis of uridine diphospho-N-acetylmuramic acid. IV Activation of uridine diphospho-N- ... Taku A, Gunetileke KG, Anwar RA (1970). "Biosynthesis of uridine diphospho-N-acetylmuramic acid. 3 Purification and properties ... of uridine diphospho-N-acetylenolpyruvyl-glucosamine reductase". J. Biol. Chem. 245 (19): 5012-6. PMID 4394163. van Heijenoort ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP-N-acetylmuramate_dehydrogenase

Uridine Triacetate: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Before taking uridine triacetate,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to uridine triacetate, any other ... It is important that you take all 20 doses of uridine triacetate, even if you feel well. Do not stop taking uridine triacetate ... Take uridine triacetate exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a616020.html

Uridine is the major form of pyrimidine nucleosides taken up by the brain. Uridine is phosphorylated to nucleotides, which are ... Uridine is the major form of pyrimidine nucleosides taken up by the brain. Uridine is phosphorylated to nucleotides, which are ... In addition, binding sites for uridine itself have also been suggested. Furthermore, uridine administration had sleep-promoting ... Uridine function in the central nervous system Curr Top Med Chem. 2011;11(8):1058-67. doi: 10.2174/156802611795347618. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21401495/

Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: 2-Deoxy-5-(trimethylsilyl)uridine.

http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.111832.html?rid=190b46e1-ad0c-48ec-9ac5-ea31065f8fd6&page_num=0

ligand-free structure of uridine kinase from thermus thermophilus HB8 ... Uridine kinase. A, B. 211. Thermus thermophilus HB8. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: udk, TTHA0578. EC: 2.7.1.48. ... Uridine-cytidine kinase (UCK) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine-nucleotide salvage pathway. In this study, we have ... Uridine-cytidine kinase (UCK) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine-nucleotide salvage pathway. In this study, we have ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3asy

A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. [PubChem ...

http://genelabs.com/drugsdb/details/uridine-5-diphosphate/

Uridine diphospho-N-Acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase (MurB), N-terminal domain ... Timeline for Family d.145.1.2: Uridine diphospho-N-Acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase (MurB), N-terminal domain: *Family d. ... Lineage for Family d.145.1.2: Uridine diphospho-N-Acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase (MurB), N-terminal domain. *Root: SCOP ... More info for Family d.145.1.2: Uridine diphospho-N-Acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase (MurB), N-terminal domain. ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=56184&ver=1.69

... ... 1993). "Structure of the Product from a Novel Cyclization Reaction Involving a C(6)-Substituted Uridine Analog." Acta ...

https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/16206

Serum uridine levels in patients receiving N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate. J. M. Karle, L. W. Anderson, C. Erlichman, R. L. ... Dive into the research topics of Serum uridine levels in patients receiving N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate. Together they ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/serum-uridine-levels-in-patients-receiving-n-phosphonacetyl-l-asp/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

We now show that short-term treatment of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells with RA yields marked increases in uridine phosphorylation ... Correlation between Activation of Quiescent 3T3 Cells by Retinoic Acid and Increases in Uridine Phosphorylation and Cellular ... a direct correlation between the comitogenic activity of RA and its stimulation of uridine phosphorylation and RNA synthesis is ... Correlation between Activation of Quiescent 3T3 Cells by Retinoic Acid and Increases in Uridine Phosphorylation and Cellular ...

https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/42/12/4918/486307/Correlation-between-Activation-of-Quiescent-3T3

Background The problem of the dependence between concentration of uridine (UR) and uric acid (UA) in blood plasma is very ... Background The problem of the dependence between concentration of uridine (UR) and uric acid (UA) in blood plasma is very ... Conclusions 1. The plasma level of uridine is not a marker of hyperuricemia in essential hypertension. 2. Hyperinsulincmia in ... Conclusions 1. The plasma level of uridine is not a marker of hyperuricemia in essential hypertension. 2. Hyperinsulincmia in ...

https://journals.viamedica.pl/arterial_hypertension/article/view/12942

The L protein of vesicular stomatitis virus transcription complexes is specifically photolabelled by 5-azido-uridine 5′- ... The L protein of vesicular stomatitis virus transcription complexes is specifically photolabelled by 5-azido-uridine 5′- ... triphosphate, an analogue of the RNA polymerase substrate uridine 5′-triphosphate * David C. Hammond1, Robert K. Evans, Judith ... triphosphate, an analogue of the RNA polymerase substrate uridine 5′-triphosphate. J. Gen. Virol. 73, 61 (1992); https://doi. ...

https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-1-61

Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine + Chitin → Uridine 5-diphosphate + Chitin Bilirubin + Uridine diphosphate glucuronic ... Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine → chitin + Uridine 5-diphosphate + hydron Uridine diphosphate glucose + water → ... Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid → Isovalerylglucuronide + Uridine 5-diphosphate Uridine 5-monophosphate + Adenosine ... Glucose 1-phosphate + Uridine triphosphate + hydron → Uridine diphosphate glucose + Uridine 5-diphosphate ...

http://www.ymdb.ca/compounds/YMDB00307

Human UPP1 Protein is a recombinant Human protein produced in E. coli using Prokaryotic expression.

https://www.abbexa.com/human-upp1-protein-recombinant

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I would be very interested in your experiences with Uridine monophosphate to help with depression and/or (social) anxiety. (picasso-project.eu)
Uridine 5'-Monophosphate-[15N2] is a labelled compound of Uridine 5'-Monophosphate. (bocsci.com)
Uridine 5'-monophosphate acts as a precursor for all pyrimidine nucleotides. (bocsci.com)
Uridine Monophosphate: Read our Full Article on Synaptogenesis here. (feedabrain.com)
Uridine monophosphate, often shortened to UMP, is a nucleotide base that acts as a monomer in RNA. (feedabrain.com)
When consumed as a supplement, uridine monophosphate powder offers numerous potential benefits to your physical and cognitive health. (feedabrain.com)
Adults create uridine in their livers in the form of uridine monophosphate, which is secreted into your blood. (feedabrain.com)
High levels of uridine monophosphate can be found in beer as well as breast milk, various plants, and certain infant formulas. (feedabrain.com)
There are several uridine monophosphate uses, and the body uses the compound in various processes, including signaling the creation of neurotransmitter synapses and promoting the repair of DNA and growth of cells. (feedabrain.com)
Uridine monophosphate presents a variety of potential benefits to the body and mind. (feedabrain.com)
Studies have shown that uridine monophosphate may promote improved learning and memory abilities by increasing the production of acetylcholine, a prominent neurotransmitter. (feedabrain.com)
Studies also suggest that uridine monophosphate may improve spatial learning and attention span. (feedabrain.com)
Uridine monophosphate may also provide sleep support. (feedabrain.com)
Uridine monophosphate may also provide neuroprotection and improve the phospholipid content in your cell membranes. (feedabrain.com)
Uridine Monophosphate berguna untuk meningkatkan fokus, cognitive dan ingatan disertai energi pada otak. (sohonootropics.com)
Uridine 5'-monophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
Within humans, uridine 5'-monophosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
In humans, uridine 5'-monophosphate is involved in the metabolic disorder called the glut-1 deficiency syndrome pathway. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
This could make uridine 5'-monophosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
Uridine 5'-monophosphate is expected to be in Cannabis as all living plants are known to produce and metabolize it. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
Mutations in this gene are a cause of hemolytic anemia due to uridine 5-prime monophosphate hydrolase deficiency. (nih.gov)
Uridine monophosphate is a great nootropic. (nfsmi.org)
EL adenosine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, uridine 5'-monophosphate and uridine were weak or inactive. (cdc.gov)
The gas-phase conformations of the protonated forms of thymidine-5′-monophosphate and uridine-5′-monophosphate, [pdThd+H] + and [pUrd+H] + , are investigated by infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) action spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. (nsf.gov)

Uridine-cytidine kinase (UCK) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine-nucleotide salvage pathway. (rcsb.org)

Unlike other UCKs, ttCK had substrate specificity toward only cytidine and showed no inhibition by UTP, suggesting uridine does not bind to ttCK as substrate. (rcsb.org)
Structural analysis revealed that the histidine residue located near the functional group at position 4 of cytidine or uridine in most UCKs is substituted with tyrosine, Tyr93, in ttCK. (rcsb.org)
Uridine is one of the four main building blocks of RNA aside from radenosine, cytidine, and guanine. (feedabrain.com)
Producing phosphatidylcholine requires CDP-choline, which requires uridine and cytidine. (feedabrain.com)
Uridine can be converted into cytidine in the body. (feedabrain.com)

Uridine is phosphorylated to nucleotides, which are used for DNA and RNA synthesis as well as for the synthesis of membrane constituents and glycosylation. (nih.gov)
Uridine nucleotides and UDP-sugars may be released from neuronal and glial cells. (nih.gov)
Moreover, it is known, that uridine nucleotides act as vasoconstrictors, and this effect is eliminated by infusion of adenosine. (viamedica.pl)

Uridine is a nucleoside (a component of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA) that is found ubiquitously in nature. (picasso-project.eu)
It is a chemical compound derived from phosphoric acid and the nucleoside uridine and is used in the body to increase the synthesis of cellular membranes. (feedabrain.com)

Uridine triacetate is used for the emergency treatment of children and adults who have either received too much of chemotherapy medications such as fluorouracil or capecitabine (Xeloda) or who develop certain severe or life-threatening toxicities within 4 days of receiving fluorouracil or capecitabine. (medlineplus.gov)
Uridine triacetate is in a class of medications called pyrimidine analogs. (medlineplus.gov)
Uridine triacetate comes as granules to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
Take uridine triacetate at around the same times every day. (medlineplus.gov)
Take uridine triacetate exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
Uridine triacetate granules can be given through certain types of feeding tubes. (medlineplus.gov)
It is important that you take all 20 doses of uridine triacetate, even if you feel well. (medlineplus.gov)
Do not stop taking uridine triacetate without talking to your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to uridine triacetate, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in uridine triacetate oral granules. (medlineplus.gov)
If you become pregnant while taking uridine triacetate, call your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
Uridine triacetate may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
This page contains brief information about uridine triacetate and a collection of links to more information about the use of this drug, research results, and ongoing clinical trials. (thailandcancerhelp.com)
Uridine triacetate is also being studied in the treatment of other conditions. (thailandcancerhelp.com)
Find Clinical Trials for Uridine Triacetate - Check for trials from TCH's list of cancer clinical trials now accepting patients. (thailandcancerhelp.com)

1995) Cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of human uridine nucleotide receptors. (jenabioscience.com)

PBPK Modeling as a Tool for Predicting and Understanding Intestinal Metabolism of Uridine 5'-Diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase Substrates. (bvsalud.org)
UGT1A1 encodes uridine-diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1, the enzyme responsible for the glucuronidation of bilirubin. (medscape.com)
Effects of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 and 1A7 pharmacogenomics and patient clinical parameters on steady-state mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in glomerulonephritis. (cdc.gov)

Ambil 1 kapsul Uridine Monophospate (1 Kapsul: 250mg), taruh diatas lidah. (sohonootropics.com)

Uridine triphosphate (UTP) may decrease bone density, but the evidence is conflicting. (picasso-project.eu)
2011) Dual signaling pathway of arterial constriction by extracellular uridine-5-triphosphate in the rat. (jenabioscience.com)
Unlike methacholine and histamine, ATP and uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) are more potent contractile agonists when they are applied to the mucosal (intraluminal, IL) surface of the guinea pig perfused trachea than when they are applied to the serosal (extraluminal, EL) surface. (cdc.gov)

Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are expressed in the small intestines , but prediction of first-pass extraction from the related metabolism is not well studied. (bvsalud.org)

Uridine is the major form of pyrimidine nucleosides taken up by the brain. (nih.gov)

Replacement of Tyr93 by histidine or glutamine endowed ttCK with phosphorylation activity toward uridine. (rcsb.org)
We now show that short-term treatment of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells with RA yields marked increases in uridine phosphorylation and total cellular RNA synthesis as well as 2-deoxyglucose uptake. (aacrjournals.org)
Upon subsequent treatment of the cells with phorbol myristate acetate, a direct correlation between the comitogenic activity of RA and its stimulation of uridine phosphorylation and RNA synthesis is apparent. (aacrjournals.org)

2001) Synthesis and P2Y receptor activity of a series of uridine dinucleoside 5'-polyphosphates. (jenabioscience.com)
125. Synthesis of 5'-deoxy-5'-substituted-1,3-dimethyl-psi-uridines from 3',5'-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxanyl)-1,3-dimethyl-psi-uridine. (umn.edu)
The results reveal that a stretch of uninterrupted uridines at the 5' end of the negative-strand RNA is essential for mRNA synthesis. (mssm.edu)

In addition, thymidine phosphorylase from T. thermophilus HB8 was equally active with thymidine and uridine, which indicates that this protein is the sole enzyme metabolizing uridine in T. Thermophilus HB8. (rcsb.org)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Rat liver uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase: Part II-Similarities and differences with the calf liver enzyme. (who.int)

Uridine-[5,6-d2] is the labelled analogue of Uridine. (bocsci.com)

Considering CDP choline metabolizes to Uridine, Has anyone noticed side effects while combining CDP and Caffeine? (picasso-project.eu)
I agree with /u/10_KG_VALUE_PACK - the benefits I get from uridine+DHA+cdp-choline outweigh caffeine's. (picasso-project.eu)

Background The problem of the dependence between concentration of uridine (UR) and uric acid (UA) in blood plasma is very interesting taking into considerations the results ofT. (viamedica.pl)
Uridine 5'-diphosphate, also known as 5'-UDP or uridine diphosphoric acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphates. (ymdb.ca)
Uridine is one of 4 repeating units that make up RNA (Ribonucleic Acid).RNA and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) are the main information carrying molecules in each of your cells. (picasso-project.eu)
Some research suggests that adding uridine, along with the omega 3 fatty acid, DHA, may help with symptoms of Parkinson's. (biomebuzz.com)
Bilirubin is bound to glucuronic acid (conjugated) in the hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum in a reaction catalyzed by uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase (UDPGT). (medscape.com)

Uridine Diphosphate Xylose" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Uridine Diphosphate Xylose" by people in this website by year, and whether "Uridine Diphosphate Xylose" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ouhsc.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Uridine Diphosphate Xylose" by people in Profiles. (ouhsc.edu)

Applies to uridine: oral granule. (picasso-project.eu)

1997) 4-substituted uridine 5'-triphosphates as agonists of the P2Y2 purinergic receptor. (jenabioscience.com)

Polymorphisms of uridine-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase 1A7 gene in Taiwan Chinese. (cdc.gov)

Here, some of the transcripts of RNA may later be modified through the insertion or deletion of uridine residues. (microscopemaster.com)

Bottom: Structure of uridine, a novel scavenger for MX and SAXS experiments, and the molecular structure of lysozyme at room temperature. (iucr.org)

Uridine 5'-diphosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). (ymdb.ca)
How Uridine Benefits Cognition, Sleep, Pain Management, and MoreUridine is a fascinating little compound that is naturally present throughout our body and plays an important role in various areas of human health. (picasso-project.eu)

Uridine is a part of RNA, and also supports the formation of synapses (connections) in the brain. (biomebuzz.com)

Uridine in a bioavailable form - "Uridine is a major component of RNA and a promoter of DNA repair and cell growth. (picasso-project.eu)

Anatomy7

Organisms11

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs173

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes35

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care1

The biosynthesis of transfer RNA in insects. II. Isolation of transfer RNA precursors from the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori. (1/2242)

[3H]gemcitabine uptake by nucleoside transporters in a human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line. (2/2242)

Nucleoside-3'-phosphotriesters as key intermediates for the oligoribonucleotide synthesis. III. An improved preparation of nucleoside 3'-phosphotriesters, their 1H NMR characterization and new conditions for removal of 2-cyanoethyl group. (3/2242)

Binding of neuronal ELAV-like proteins to the uridine-rich sequence in the 3'-untranslated region of tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA. (4/2242)

Use of tracheal organ cultures in toxicity testing. (5/2242)

Biochemical studies of isolated hamster tracheal epithelium. (6/2242)

The uridine in "U-turn": contributions to tRNA-ribosomal binding. (7/2242)

The mismatch repair protein, hMLH1, mediates 5-substituted halogenated thymidine analogue cytotoxicity, DNA incorporation, and radiosensitization in human colon cancer cells. (8/2242)

Uridine Phosphorylase

Uridine Kinase

Uridine Triphosphate

Uridine Diphosphate Sugars

Uridine Monophosphate

Uridine Diphosphate

Uracil Nucleotides

Uridine Diphosphate Glucose

Cytidine

Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine

Pyrimidine Nucleotides

Uracil

Nucleosides

Uridine Diphosphate Galactose

Pyrimidine Nucleosides

Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid

Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase

Glucuronosyltransferase

Thiouridine

Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylgalactosamine

Thioinosine

Nucleoside Transport Proteins

RNA

Orotic Acid

Pseudouridine

Azauridine

Uridine Diphosphate Xylose

Pentosyltransferases

Thymidine

Deoxyuridine

RNA Editing

Tritium

Kinetics

Orotidine-5'-Phosphate Decarboxylase

RNA, Guide

Ribonucleosides

Cytosine Nucleotides

Nucleotides

Cytidine Triphosphate

Inosine

UDPglucose 4-Epimerase

Guanosine

RNA, Transfer

Chromatography, Paper

Phosphotransferases

Anticodon

Equilibrative-Nucleoside Transporter 2

UTP-Glucose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase

Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists

Receptors, Purinergic P2

Molecular Sequence Data

Glucuronates

Base Sequence

Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2

Galactosamine

Phosphonoacetic Acid

Dilazep

Pyrimidines

Oligoribonucleotides

Ribonucleotides

Floxuridine

Adenosine

RNA, Protozoan

Escherichia coli

Purinergic P2Y Receptor Agonists

Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Glucosyltransferases

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

tRNA Methyltransferases

Ribosemonophosphates

3-Deazauridine

Biological Transport

Suramin

Carbon Isotopes

Poly U

Carbohydrate Epimerases

Purine Nucleosides

Dactinomycin

Substrate Specificity