Glossary of biology

Reuse of excreta

Uremia

Nutrition

Animal nutrition

Herman Boerhaave

Human nutrition

Kidney failure

Organic fertilizer

Polyurea

Metabolic waste

Citrullinemia

Proteus vulgaris

Swimming pool sanitation

Organic mineral

Deamination

Excretory system

Homocitrulline

Nitrogen balance

Southern hairy-nosed wombat

Microcosmic salt

Corn stover

Hyperammonemia

Leptospirosis

Sporosarcina

Crawford's gray shrew

Barbiturate

Inorganic compound

Novaluron

Muscle atrophy

Nephrology

Reptile

ادرار کردن - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

Proteus mirabilis

Domperidone

Brivudine

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency

Medical genetics

Bird

Bat

Analgesic

Amphibian

Melamine

Protein (nutrient)

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Central nervous system navs - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ

Annelid

Fish physiology

Organic chemistry

Anorexia nervosa

Lactate dehydrogenase

Mass spectrometry

Carbamazepine

Peluh Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas

Bariatric surgery

Isovaleryl-CoA

Ammonia

Diuretic

Nitrogen6

• Urea cycle disorders (UCD) are amongst the most frequent of the inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and result from a block in the hepatic disposal of waste nitrogen from protein catabolism. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• In addition to the disposal of waste nitrogen, the urea cycle also generates arginine for various biologic functions. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Your baby's liver makes things called enzymes that turn waste nitrogen into urea. (webmd.com)
• The urea cycle involves a series of biochemical steps in which nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, is changed to a compound called urea and removed from the blood. (nih.gov)
• In urea cycle disorders, nitrogen builds up in the blood in the form of ammonia, a highly toxic substance, resulting in hyperammonemia (elevated blood ammonia). (nih.gov)
• FDA-approved indication: Use as a nitrogen-binding adjunctive therapy for chronic management of adult and pediatric patients at least 2 months of age with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) that cannot be managed by dietary protein restriction and/or amino acid supplementation alone. (nih.gov)

Blood and urine1

• They'll look for ammonia in your child's blood and amino acid in his blood and urine. (webmd.com)

Disorders12

• To study nutrition and immune system problems in people with urea cycle disorders. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• To study how people with urea cycle disorders and healthy volunteers respond to standard flu and/or hepatitis A vaccines. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• To compare differences in nutrition and immune systems of people with urea cycle disorders with that of healthy volunteers. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Dietary management of urea cycle disorders includes dietary modification with protein restriction. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• What Are Urea Cycle Disorders? (webmd.com)
• Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are a group of diseases. (webmd.com)
• The onset and severity of urea cycle disorders is highly variable. (nih.gov)
• The NORD Physician Guide for Urea cycle disorders was developed as a free service of the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) and it's medical advisors. (nih.gov)
• FDA-approved indication: Adjunctive therapy in the chronic managment of patients with urea cycle disorders involving deficiencies of carbamylphosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase, or argininosuccinic acid synthetase. (nih.gov)
• ClinicalTrials.gov lists trials that are related to Urea cycle disorders. (nih.gov)
• The Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium is a team of doctors, nurses, research coordinators, and research labs throughout the US, working together to improve the lives of people with Urea Cycle Disorders. (nih.gov)
• The Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium maintains a registry for patients who wish to be contacted about clinical research opportunities. (nih.gov)

Enzymes3

• If your child has a urea cycle disorder, his liver can't make one of the enzymes the cycle needs. (webmd.com)
• A urea cycle disorder is a genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of one of the six enzymes in the urea cycle . (nih.gov)
• FDA-approved indication: Adjunctive therapy in the treatment of acute hyperammonemia and associated encephalopathy in patients with deficiencies in enzymes of the urea cycle. (nih.gov)

Metabolic1

• Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inherited and rare metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to break down certain amino acids, leading the individual to produce urine that has a distinctive maple syrup odor. (healthician.org)

Patients2

• FDA-approved indication: For adjunctive therapy in the prevention and treatment of hyperammonemia in patients with urea cycle enzymopathy due to carbamylphosphate synthetase, ornithine, transcarbamylase, or argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency. (nih.gov)
• Total branched-chain amino acids requirement in patients with maple syrup urine disease by use of indicator amino acid oxidation with L-[1-13C]phenylalanine. (sickkids.ca)

Cycle5

• Males and females at least 2 years of age who have a urea cycle disorder and are able to travel to the National Institutes of Health hospital in Bethesda, MD. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• This happens in a process called the urea cycle. (webmd.com)
• They're named after what's missing from the urea cycle. (webmd.com)
• A liver transplant can reverse the symptoms of a urea cycle disorder. (webmd.com)
• The severity correlates with the amount of urea cycle enzyme function. (nih.gov)

Maple syrup u3

• Below are the most recent publications written about "Maple Syrup Urine Disease" by people in Profiles. (sickkids.ca)
• Kaur J, Nagy L, Wan B, Saleh H, Schulze A, Raiman J, Inbar-Feigenberg M. The utility of dried blood spot monitoring of branched-chain amino acids for maple syrup urine disease: A retrospective chart review study. (sickkids.ca)
• Ben-Omran TI, Blaser S, Phillips H, Callahan J, Feigenbaum A. Atypical phenotype in a boy with a maple syrup urine disease. (sickkids.ca)

Human urine15

• Urea is a major organic component found in human urine, which is a waste product expelled by animals after being excreted from the kidneys. (reference.com)
• They have developed a system whereby human urine is separated into drinking water and urea, which is used to power a fuel cell. (news.com.au)
• Bench-scale batch experiments were performed where urea hydrolysis was simulated by adding Jack bean urease to both synthetic and real, fresh human urine. (rsc.org)
• The World Health Organization suggests storing human urine for at least 6 months at 20 °C prior to application as fertilizer to reduce the potential health risks from pathogenic organisms. (iwaponline.com)
• Such a storage condition for human urine, however, not only requires a long period of time and large space but also ignores the risk of nitrogen losses. (iwaponline.com)
• In this study, human urine underwent thermal treatment during storage to improve disinfection and to inhibit urea hydrolysis. (iwaponline.com)
• Therefore, human urine is recommended to be stored at 70 °C for 7 days for hygienic and stabilization purposes. (iwaponline.com)
• No. This product is used as a substitute for human urine as a fetish. (fvkasa.org)
• KATHMANDU] Human urine is superior to urea, a common nitrogen-rich mineral fertiliser, according to the results of a study carried out in a farmer's field outside Nepal's capital city. (scidev.net)
• Human urine could be a viable alternative to chemical fertilisers for sustained crop production,' the study suggests. (scidev.net)
• Moreover the only ingredient is a substance manufactured in the body, rich in mineral salts, hormones, and other vital substances, namely human urine. (rexresearch.com)
• Synthetic urine is a product which mimics the qualities of human urine used to fool and pass drug tests, as a gag gift, or rarely as a sex toy. (fvkasa.org)
• Synthetic urine is a substance made to look, smell, and have the chemical properties of human urine. (fvkasa.org)
• Real human urine! (fvkasa.org)
• Creatinine is a substance secreted by the kidneys in urine which is measured to verify that a urine sample is consistent with a new, human urine collection. (fvkasa.org)

Amount of urea10

• This test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in your urine. (rochester.edu)
• Either of these problems can lead to changes in the amount of urea nitrogen in your body. (rochester.edu)
• The test measures the amount of urea the kidneys excrete. (medlineplus.gov)
• A test can be done to measure the amount of urea in the urine. (northside.com)
• Protein metabolism produces urea at the end and the amount of urea in the urine can be used to estimate the protein destruction. (apollodiagnostics.in)
• If you're trying to make a small amount of urea work for a lot of plants, consider using a concentration of 0.5 percent. (ehow.com)
• Considering the high concentration of urea in human (285 mmol/L), rat (700 mmol/L), and mouse (1800 mmol/L) urine, the amount of urea in the urine should inevitably cause osmotic diuresis in the renal collecting ducts. (frontiersin.org)
• A BUN test measures the amount of urea nitrogen that's in your blood. (mayoclinic.org)
• The solute concentration is higher in meat-eaters, because of the large amount of urea obtained from meat, whereas lower solutes are formed in vegetarians who get most of their energy from carbohydrates. (news-medical.net)
• In addition, a small amount of urea is excreted (along with sodium chloride and water) in human sweat. (hmdb.ca)

Renal5

• This concentration depends on the accumulation of urea in the renal medulla, permitted by an intrarenal recycling of urea among collecting ducts, vasa recta and thin descending limbs, all equipped with specialized, facilitated urea transporters (UTs) (UT-A1 and 3, UT-B, and UT-A2, respectively). (physiology.org)
• The test is frequently used in conjunction with the determination of creatinine for the differential diagnosis of prerenal hyperuremia (cardiac decompensation, water depletion, increased protein catabolism), renal hyperuremia (glomerulonephritis, chronic nephritis, polycistic kidney, nephrosclerosis, tubular necrosis) and postrenal hyperuremia (obstructions of the urinary tract).Urea is the final degradation product of protein and amino acid metabolism. (walkinlab.com)
• Acute Renal Failure is diagnosed clinically by a sharp increase of the serum creatinine level from baseline (i.e., an increase of at least 0.5 mg/dl) and/or if the urine output is less than 400 ml per day (oliguria), though not strictly applicable for ARF. (medindia.net)
• 1. Blood in the renal artery or renal vein (Which one has more urea? (topperlearning.com)
• Direct physiological evidence from a renal tubular perfusion experiment by Sands and Knepper (1987) demonstrated the existence of urea permeability in the terminal inner medullar collecting duct that was higher than the level accounted for with simple diffusion. (frontiersin.org)

Uric3

• The result is urine that looks, smells and has the very same chemical composition of pee (including uric acid). (drugtestingreviews.com)
• Derivatives: Imidazolidinyl Urea, Uric Acid. (ewg.org)
• Successful fraudsters warn to make sure you get a product which contains urea and not just uric acid, as some drug tests may flag uric acid. (fvkasa.org)

Ammonia18

• The amino acids contain ammonia, which is toxic to human cells, so the liver converts it into urea, which is non-toxic. (reference.com)
• The UBE converted about 86 per cent of the urea into ammonia, the report stated. (news.com.au)
• Their new Urea Bioreactor Electrochemical system (UBE) efficiently converted the urea into ammonia in its bioreactor, and then turned the ammonia into energy with its fuel cell. (science20.com)
• The system was designed with space missions in mind, but "the results showed that the UBE system could be used in any wastewater treatment systems containing urea and/or ammonia," the researchers conclude. (science20.com)
• Other symptoms may include inflammation of the tongue,ammonia-smelling breathe (due to urea), ulcers in the mouth, fever, abnormally fast or slow pulse, decreased or increased urine output, and even seizures. (petmd.com)
• The reaction, which transforms the urea in urine into ammonia and bicarbonate, results in ammonia volatilization and mineral scaling in bathroom fixtures, piping, and storage tanks. (rsc.org)
• Urea hydrolysis was characterized by measurements of urea concentration, ammonia concentration, conductivity, and pH over time. (rsc.org)
• Conductivity was positively correlated with ammonia concentration and negatively correlated with urea concentration making conductivity a simple, surrogate measurement for tracking the extent of urea hydrolysis. (rsc.org)
• Microbial indicators such as Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms and the concentration of ammonia/ammonium were investigated in urine samples that were stored at 60 °C and 70 °C. Both the inactivation of indicators and decomposition of urea improved under storage temperatures of 60 °C and 70 °C compared with storage under ambient temperature. (iwaponline.com)
• The ammonia formed in this process is synthesized to urea in the liver. (walkinlab.com)
• They'll look for ammonia in your child's blood and amino acid in his blood and urine. (webmd.com)
• Urea cycle disorders are inherited illnesses in which the body does not produce enough of the chemicals that remove ammonia, a byproduct of protein metabolism, from the blood stream. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Common treatments for urea cycle disorders include a low-protein diet and arginine supplementation, which, when combined, help to decrease ammonia levels in the blood. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Urea is a highly soluble organic compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. (hmdb.ca)
• In this cycle, amino groups donated by ammonia and L-aspartate are converted to urea. (hmdb.ca)
• These amino groups are converted to ammonia (NH 3 ), which is toxic to the body and thus must be converted to urea by the liver . (britannica.com)
• Urea is now prepared commercially in vast amounts from liquid ammonia and liquid carbon dioxide . (britannica.com)
• Because its nitrogen content is high and is readily converted to ammonia in the soil, urea is one of the most concentrated nitrogenous fertilizers . (britannica.com)

Osmolality15

• When given an acute urea load, UT-B null mice are unable to raise their urinary osmolality, urine urea concentration (U urea ), and the concentration of non-urea solutes, as do wild-type mice. (physiology.org)
• What is a urine osmolality test? (healthline.com)
• The urine osmolality test measures the amount of several compounds in your urine. (healthline.com)
• Your doctor can use the urine osmolality test to check the levels of water and particles in your urine. (healthline.com)
• What is the purpose of a urine osmolality test? (healthline.com)
• Your doctor may order a urine osmolality test if they want to check the level of water in your body. (healthline.com)
• Some medications, such as dextran and sucrose, can interfere with the results of the urine osmolality test. (healthline.com)
• Urine osmolality is measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water (mOsm/kg). (healthline.com)
• In rare cases, high urine osmolality can occur due to Addison's disease. (healthline.com)
• Both high and low urine osmolality have several causes. (healthline.com)
• Increased urine output and a high osmolality may occur due to your body flushing out a substance, such as excess glucose if you have diabetes. (healthline.com)
• 280 mOsm/kg) and high urine osmolality are the hallmark of SIADH. (medscape.com)
• In SIADH, serum osmolality is generally lower than urine osmolality. (medscape.com)
• If AVP secretion is shut down completely, urine should have an osmolality of less than 100 mOsm. (medscape.com)
• Therefore, urine osmolality of more than 100 mOsm in the context of plasma hypo-osmolality is sufficient to confirm AVP excess. (medscape.com)

Liver16

• Urea nitrogen is a waste product made when your liver breaks down protein. (rochester.edu)
• In individuals with normal kidney and liver functions, urea is excreted via urine. (wikipedia.org)
• The other had to do with the treatment of liver metastases with oral urea in water. (encognitive.com)
• Since 1975, I have mailed out countless packets on treating liver metastases with oral urea to patients or friends of patients. (encognitive.com)
• I have followed well over 100 such patients and oral urea for liver cancer comes very close to being panacean. (encognitive.com)
• It is the teaching of Professor Danopoulos that oral urea for liver cancer is always effective if the liver is not more than 30% involved with cancer. (encognitive.com)
• It is the teaching of Professor Danopoulos that urea in water taken per os will go to the liver via the portal vein and as such will be effective in treating the liver metastasis but that by the time urea enters the blood circulation and reaches other organs it is then of too low a concentration to have an anti-cancer effect. (encognitive.com)
• About two years ago Professor Danopoulos began using the combination of urea and creatine hydrate in the treatment of cancer in organs of the body other than the liver. (encognitive.com)
• I am convinced that Professor Danopoulos has established that oral urea for liver cancer and injections of 15 to 50% urea in normal saline into skin tumors is highly effective and I suspect that his combination of urea and creatine hydrate is going to be of epochal importance in treating cancers other than liver cancer. (encognitive.com)
• Bilirubin in urine can be an early indicator of liver disease. (walkinlab.com)
• Its presence in urine is typically a sign of liver disease. (walkinlab.com)
• Your baby's liver makes things called enzymes that turn waste nitrogen into urea. (webmd.com)
• If your child has a urea cycle disorder, his liver can't make one of the enzymes the cycle needs. (webmd.com)
• A liver transplant can reverse the symptoms of a urea cycle disorder. (webmd.com)
• However, because ASA is the only urea cycle disorder that is characterized by both liver damage and elevated levels of argininosuccinic acid, researchers believe that the elevated acid levels cause the liver damage. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Urea is generated from the ornithine cycle in liver, and is ultimately excreted by the kidney representing 90% of total nitrogen in urine. (frontiersin.org)

Contains urea2

• Urine contains urea, also known as carbonyl diamide, a nitrogenous compound and the main waste product of protein in mammals. (ibeweb.org)
• It also contains urea. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Excretion of urea1

• Because multiple factors (glomerular filtration rate, dietary protein intake, protein catabolic rate, hydration state, etc.) can independently affect the urinary excretion of urea, all of these factors must be taken into account when interpreting the results. (testcatalog.org)

Substances15

• This is used to help evaluate the level of certain substances dissolved in the urine. (walkinlab.com)
• No. Urine contains chemical substances. (answers.com)
• Filtrate has almost all the substance that blood plasma has except blood proteins while urine only contains waste substances. (answers.com)
• Urea is one of the substances in urine, and urine is in your blood stream until the kidney extract the urine from your blood. (answers.com)
• The best thing is not to take illegal substances, then your urine will be clear. (answers.com)
• Specific gravity is the indicator for dissolved substances in the urine. (answers.com)
• Well, assuming you mean a urine test for controlled substances, yes. (answers.com)
• Chlorine can be a buffer to the substances in the urine. (answers.com)
• Substances in the urine turn to vapor which is picked up by your scent receptors. (answers.com)
• Your body has to get rid of URINE because its contains poisonous substances which can cause problems to your kidney. (answers.com)
• If you are talking about three substances that are normally found in blood but not in urine, they are leukocytes, erythrocytes and glucose. (answers.com)
• Urine is a mixture of chemical substances. (answers.com)
• when a person urinates and there are white substances inside of the urine what are they? (answers.com)
• The largest excretion of these substances from the body is through urine. (news-medical.net)
• With certain straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, urea forms crystalline inclusion compounds , which are useful for purifying the included substances. (britannica.com)

Transporters10

• In the last 12 years, at least seven facilitated urea transporters (UTs) have been cloned, five of which are expressed in the kidney. (physiology.org)
• Free diffusion of urea across cell membranes is slow owing to its high polarity, and specialized urea transporters have evolved to achieve rapid and selective urea permeation. (nature.com)
• Structure, regulation and physiological roles of urea transporters. (nature.com)
• Sands, J. M. Mammalian urea transporters. (nature.com)
• Bagnasco, S. M. Role and regulation of urea transporters. (nature.com)
• MacIver, B., Smith, C. P., Hill, W. G. & Zeidel, M. L. Functional characterization of mouse urea transporters UT-A2 and UT-A3 expressed in purified Xenopus laevis oocyte plasma membranes. (nature.com)
• urea transporter (UT)-A and UT-B. The UT-A transporters are mainly expressed in kidney epithelial cells while UT-B demonstrates a broader distribution in kidney, heart, brain, testis, urinary tract, and other tissues. (frontiersin.org)
• Over the past few years, multiple urea transporter knockout mouse models have been generated enabling us to explore the physiological roles of the different urea transporters. (frontiersin.org)
• This review summarizes the new insights of urea transporter functions in different organs, gleaned from studies of urea transporter knockout mice, and explores some of the potential pharmacological prospects of urea transporters. (frontiersin.org)
• This led to the discovery of the facilitative urea transporters (UTs). (frontiersin.org)

Intrarenal recycli1

• In the kidney, deletion of UT-A1/UT-A3 results in polyuria and a severe urine concentrating defect, indicating that intrarenal recycling of urea plays a crucial role in the overall capacity to concentrate urine. (frontiersin.org)

Ammonium3

• Early in the 19th century, a German chemist named Friedrich Wöhler came across an absolute proof that the theory of vitalism was not particularly true by making synthetic urine - accidentally - while he was trying to make ammonium cyanate! (ibeweb.org)
• Other less common ionic groups in urine include ammonium, sulfates from amino acids, and phosphates depending on parathyroid hormone levels. (news-medical.net)
• These two materials are combined under high pressures and elevated temperatures to form ammonium carbamate, which then decomposes at much lower pressures to yield urea and water . (britannica.com)

Inhibit urea hydrolysis1

• Fluoride did not inhibit urea hydrolysis in real, fresh urine at concentrations of 3.2 × 10 −2 , 3.2 × 10 −1 , and 3.2 meq L −1 . (rsc.org)

Fertilizer9

• Historically, Stickney notes, urea is made into fertilizer, which is not the only way cow urine is used. (nydailynews.com)
• The direct application of urine as fertilizer after proper storage is favored in rural and suburban areas. (iwaponline.com)
• What are some advantages of using urea as a lawn fertilizer? (reference.com)
• When urea-based fertilizer is placed on dry soil, no reaction occurs. (reference.com)
• What is urea fertilizer? (reference.com)
• Urea is used as a fertilizer due to the high nitrogen content, and can be reacted with aldehydes to produce resins and cross-linked polymers. (fsu.edu)
• using treated source-separated urine as fertilizer. (wikipedia.org)
• Urea has important uses as a fertilizer and feed supplement, as well as a starting material for the manufacture of plastics and drugs. (britannica.com)
• The use of urea to make urea-formaldehyde resin ( q.v. ) is second in importance only to its use as a fertilizer. (britannica.com)

Specific gravity2

• The urinalysis, meanwhile, may reveal changes in urine specific gravity (a urinalysis parameter commonly used in the evaluation of kidney function) and abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine. (petmd.com)
• The specific gravity of urine may range from 1.002 to 1.037. (news-medical.net)

Electrochemical3

• The Urea Bioreactor Electrochemical (UBE) system is the closest thing we have yet to the "Mr Fusion" Home Energy Reactor, which Doc Brown affixed to his DeLorean time machine after his first visit to 2015. (news.com.au)
• A new technology has been developed that accomplishes the direct conversion of urine and urea to pure hydrogen via electrochemical oxidation with an inexpensive nickel catalyst . (rsc.org)
• Their formation in chlorine mediated electro-oxidation is a concern for electrochemical urine treatment. (eawag.ch)

Dehydration3

• If you don't have enough fluid in your body (dehydration), you may have extra urea in your blood because you aren't passing much urine. (rochester.edu)
• Backbone and side-chain oxygen atoms provide continuous coordination of urea as it progresses through the filter, and well-placed α-helix dipoles provide further compensation for dehydration energy. (nature.com)
• Raised urea = Dehydration and excessive protein metaboism. (proprofs.com)

Chloride2

• Ionic zinc and ionic silver were ineffective inhibitors of urea hydrolysis due to interactions with phosphate and chloride in urine, respectively, which caused precipitative loss of the metals from solution. (rsc.org)
• The urea content of the medulla is reduced by half, whereas that of chloride is almost normal. (physiology.org)

Excrete2

• however, all land animals excrete it through urine. (reference.com)
• and 3 ) species differences among mice, rats, and humans related to their very different body size and metabolic rate, leading to considerably larger needs to excrete and to concentrate urea in smaller species (urea excretion per unit body weight in mice is 5 times that in rats and 23 times that in humans). (physiology.org)

Type of urea2

• The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Yut protein, a new type of urea transporter homologous to eukaryotic channels and functionally interchangeable in vitro with the Helicobacter pylori UreI protein. (nature.com)
• Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) is a type of urea cycle disorder that is characterized specifically by high levels of argininosuccinic acid, a chemical involved in the urea cycle. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Types of urea2

• Sodium phenylbutyrate (Buphenyl-TM) is a drug that has been used to treat other types of urea cycle disorders. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Although Buphenyl-TM has been FDA-approved for use in people with some types of urea cycle disorders, there is little information on the effectiveness of the drug in children with ASA. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Changes in urea1

• Post-dilution was associated with reduced filter life without any beneficial effect on daily changes in urea and creatinine levels. (nih.gov)

Discovery of urea1

• The discovery of urea was like striking gold because it can be used as a nitrogen source in fertilizers. (ibeweb.org)

Uses urine1

• It may not flush away the global energy crisis, but a new technology that uses urine could be powering cars and houses by the end of the year, according to a Discovery Channel report. (nydailynews.com)

Organic6

• There are probably more articles published about urea, the main ingredient of urine, than about any other organic substance. (infiniteunknown.net)
• Nitrogen content in urine is high, mostly in urea, which makes up more than 50 percent of the total organic acids. (news-medical.net)
• belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ureas. (hmdb.ca)
• Urea is an organic compound perhaps best recognise for its presence in urine, but it also serves important roles in the metabolism too. (proprofs.com)
• We investigated the formation of chlorate, perchlorate, and organic chlorination byproducts (OCBPs) during galvanostatic (10, 15, 20 mA·cm -2 ) electro-oxidation of urine on boron-doped diamond (BDD) and thermally decomposed iridium oxide film (TDIROF) anodes. (eawag.ch)
• Urine lacks sufficient organic matter to sustain plant growth for more than a few years, but provides faster-releasing nutrients that complement slow-release nutrients from compost, which has a higher content of organic matter and beneficial microbes. (scidev.net)

Hydrolysis4

• Urea hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that occurs in soils, the human body, and in wastewater urine diversion systems. (rsc.org)
• Urea hydrolysis is inhibited through different chemical additions that affect the function of the urease enzyme. (rsc.org)
• Acetic acid, citric acid, and vinegar were effective at inhibiting urea hydrolysis at concentrations varying from 3.2 × 10 1 to 1.6 × 10 2 meq L −1 in both synthetic and real, fresh urine as indicated by the conductivity and pH remaining constant throughout the experiments. (rsc.org)
• The trigger of precipitation is the hydrolysis of urea by bacterial urease. (lib4ri.ch)

Concentrations2

• Nitrate is a third nitrogenous compound in urine, with increased concentrations if the person has a high protein diet. (news-medical.net)
• It was also found that UA concentrations in urine under the three kinds of food intake simultaneously reached maximum at 2 h after meals with the values of 417, 318, and 288 g mL −1 , respectively. (hindawi.com)

Feces5

• An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome infectious rodent feces, urine, or saliva. (cdc.gov)
• Reuse of excreta (or re-use or use of excreta) refers to the safe, beneficial use of animal or human excreta, i.e. feces (or faeces in British English) and urine. (wikipedia.org)
• There are a number of "excreta-derived fertilizers" which vary in their properties and fertilizing characteristics: urine, dried feces, composted feces, fecal sludge (septage), sewage, sewage sludge and animal manure. (wikipedia.org)
• Research into how to make reuse of urine and feces safe in agriculture was carried out in Sweden since the 1990s. (wikipedia.org)
• We develop reactors for the separate treatment of urine, feces and water directly in the toilet. (eawag.ch)

Test36

• This test needs a 24-hour urine sample. (rochester.edu)
• Urine urea nitrogen (UUN) refers to a test that measures the urine urea to assess nitrogen balance. (wikipedia.org)
• As UUN test is based on 24-hour urine, in individuals with kidney disease with less than 1000 ml urine out/day or on dialysis, this test cannot be applied. (wikipedia.org)
• This fake urine from Test Clear has actually been developed to be almost similar to real urine. (snowblink.org)
• Okay, you have two of the very best alternatives that can help you pass an urine drug test. (snowblink.org)
• The determination of urea is the most widely used test for the evaluation of kidney function. (walkinlab.com)
• Instead of the normal urine test, a saliva drug test can be utilized to check for the existence of alcohol, barbiturates, THC, PCP, benzodiazepines, metamphetamines and amphetamines. (drugtestingreviews.com)
• Secondly , you mentioned your creatinine is 9 and urea 136, I'd like to know is this the test value before dialysis or after dialysis? (kidneyfailureweb.com)
• What Does 24-Hour Urine Collection Test Involve? (news-medical.net)
• The test involves the collection of all urine in several containers over a complete 24-hour period. (news-medical.net)
• The 24-hour urine collection test can provide useful information about the concentration of protein, hormones, minerals and other chemicals in the urine. (news-medical.net)
• It is important that patients understand what the 24-hour urine collection test involves and what they need to do to get the best results. (news-medical.net)
• All urine samples within the sampling period should be saved and kept cool in a refrigerator until the test is complete and the sample can be sent to a laboratory for analysis. (news-medical.net)
• The 24-hour urine collection test is a simple and safe test and involves the normal process of urination, although all urine must be collected. (news-medical.net)
• Additionally, the lifestyle activities undertaken during the testing period may affect the urine sample and the results of the test. (news-medical.net)
• They may also use it to test your ability to produce urine. (healthline.com)
• The test requires a clean-catch urine sample. (healthline.com)
• The urine test can indicate an imbalance, but it can't pinpoint the exact cause. (healthline.com)
• Can I use UPass fake pee for THC detox to pass a drug test (to pass a urine drug test)? (fvkasa.org)
• More expensive, non-standard tests for some security or government jobs can detect fake urine and you could be prosecuted for attempting to defraud a governemnt drug test theoretically. (fvkasa.org)
• If your blood sample is being tested only for blood urea nitrogen, you can eat and drink normally before the test. (mayoclinic.org)
• During the blood urea nitrogen test, a member of your health care team takes a sample of blood by inserting a needle into a vein in your arm. (mayoclinic.org)
• Results of the blood urea nitrogen test are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) in the United States and in millimoles per liter (mmol/L) internationally. (mayoclinic.org)
• Not even I ever had passed my test with synthetic urine. (ibeweb.org)
• A 24-hour urine collection is a simple lab test that measures what's in your urine. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• Twenty-four hour urine collection is a safe, easy test. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
• After a fixed-menu breakfast and pre-test urine collection (Urine 0), 42 Ca-enriched CaCl 2 was intravenously injected, followed by oral administration of 44 Ca-enriched CaCO 3 without carrier 15 minutes later, and complete urine collection for the next 24 hours (Urine 24). (mdpi.com)
• Can you explain what the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is? (drweil.com)
• For this test, a clean catch (midstream) urine sample is needed. (ucsfhealth.org)
• You have a drug test coming up and you have considered using a fake urine kit for your drug test. (fvkasa.org)
• The answer is, they will if you know how to pass a supervised drug test with fake urine. (fvkasa.org)
• You will learn in this article everything you need to know about your fake pee test kit and how to use it to pass any urine drug screen you have. (fvkasa.org)
• Sometimes people successfully substitute a friend's clean urine for a drug test as well. (fvkasa.org)
• These adulterants are used to try to fool the test and should not be present in urine samples. (fvkasa.org)
• You need about 35 mL to 45 mL of urine to submit for a drug test, that's a little over an ounce of urine. (fvkasa.org)
• If you freeze it, it has to be warmed to body temperature again before you can submit it and it has to remain at that temperature, neither above or below because testers will test the urine to make sure it is the appropriate temperature. (fvkasa.org)

Blood urea3

• Blood urea nitrogen Gerber GS, Brendler CB. (wikipedia.org)
• It is his feeling that with blood urea in the range of BUN 35 to 40, the combination of urea and creatine hydrate is effective in any part of the body. (encognitive.com)
• My creatinine level is 9, blood urea 136 and hemoglobin 11.6. (kidneyfailureweb.com)

Kidney urea6

• Methods of estimating residual kidney urea clearance that use commonly available laboratory and clinical data, with or without urine volume information, may be useful tools. (elsevier.com)
• Setting & Participants: Initial timed urine collections in 604 incident in-center hemodialysis patients on thrice-weekly treatments from a single academic center in which residual kidney urea clearance is measured in usual care. (elsevier.com)
• Outcomes: Residual kidney urea clearance. (elsevier.com)
• Results: Urine volume alone was the strongest predictor of residual kidney urea clearance. (elsevier.com)
• 2.5 mL/min (area under the curve, 0.91 in both development and bootstrap validation) and R 2 of 0.56 with outcome as a continuous residual kidney urea clearance value. (elsevier.com)
• Conclusions: Estimation equations for residual kidney urea clearance that use commonly available data in dialysis clinics, with and without urine volume, may be useful tools for evaluation of hemodialysis patients who still have residual kidney function for individualization of dialysis prescriptions. (elsevier.com)

Protein metabolism2

• About 80% of urinary nitrogen is in the form of urea which is the major end product of protein metabolism. (walkinlab.com)
• Urea being the end product of protein metabolism reflects the amount of protein destruction. (apollodiagnostics.in)

Amino acids2

• Urea, also known as carbamide, is a waste product after the production of proteins from the breakdown of amino acids. (reference.com)
• Acute uremia is a sudden-onset condition that is characterized by high levels of urea , protein products, and amino acids in the blood. (petmd.com)

Nitrogenous5

• Creatinine is another important nitrogenous compound in urine, and its level depends on the body mass and muscle mass, as well as age. (news-medical.net)
• Blood testing and biochemical profiles may reveal azotemia , an accumulation of toxic amounts of nitrogenous waste products ( urea ) in the blood, waste products that are usually excreted in the urine and voided from the body. (petmd.com)
• The condition of having urea and other nitrogenous elements in an animal's blood. (petmd.com)
• Urea is the chief nitrogenous end product of the metabolic breakdown of proteins in all mammals and some fishes. (britannica.com)
• The main nitrogenous breakdown product in urine used to verify the authenticity of urine samples. (fvkasa.org)

Compounds1

• Ureas are compounds containing two amine groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group. (hmdb.ca)

Microbial1

• To keep your yard from smelling like dog urine you will need to use a product like Urea-Z. A natural microbial urine odor eliminator, that will eat up the urine crystals trapped in the astroturf and get rid of that unwanted smell. (urea-z.com)

Nitrogen balance1

• Along with UUN, values for BUN, protein content of diet, enteral or parenteral nutrition, and notable outputs other than urine (gastric residual, fistula output, drainages) are needed to calculate nitrogen balance. (wikipedia.org)

Urease2

• Weeks, D. L., Eskandari, S., Scott, D. R. & Sachs, G. A H + -gated urea channel: the link between Helicobacter pylori urease and gastric colonization. (nature.com)
• Both, bacteria and free urease, hydrolyse urea. (lib4ri.ch)

Urinate1

• You will be given large containers to store your urine and a container to urinate into. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Collect all urine3

• Afterwards, collect all urine in a special container for the next 24 hours. (northside.com)
• Then collect all urine in 24-hour period, ending with final collection at 8am the next morning. (walkinlab.com)
• Then collect all urine, including the final specimen voided at the end of the 24-hour collection period (ie, 8 AM the following morning). (labcorp.com)

Product of protein1

• Urea is a by-product of protein catabolism that helps remove excess nitrogen produced by the body during metabolism. (fsu.edu)

Synthetic urine14

• Score: 3.5 out of 5, Grade: B- UPass is a fully professional synthetic urine. (fvkasa.org)
• Synthetic urine, stored away from light sources, will tend to last one year. (fvkasa.org)
• The greatest benefit of UPass synthetic urine is the fact that you can get it at your local headshop or gas station and it's cheap. (fvkasa.org)
• This time, instead of simply discarding it, he researched and experimented on what it could be - and found out that it was synthetic urine. (ibeweb.org)
• This amazing feat freed up the rest of the world from treasuring their urine and storing up their pet's urine - factories could just manufacture synthetic urine, and the smelly less-than-great pee storage process could be stopped! (ibeweb.org)
• Synthetic Urine reviews. (fvkasa.org)
• You have wondered are there stores that sell synthetic urine near me ? (fvkasa.org)
• What is synthetic urine? (fvkasa.org)
• It is possible to make synthetic urine at home by securing the ingredients below and mixing them in precise quantities, but it's much easier to just buy pre-made synthetic urine. (fvkasa.org)
• Synthetic urine is illegal in some states. (fvkasa.org)
• Online is the best place to buy synthetic urine but it is also often available in head shops. (fvkasa.org)
• It provides synthetic urine with the right electrolyte levels. (fvkasa.org)
• Sodium phosphate provides your synthetic urine with the correct phosphate levels. (fvkasa.org)
• Synthetic urine can be used for any urine tests for any kind of drug, including marijuana, opioids, even alcohol or nicotine. (fvkasa.org)

Waste nitrogen2

• Urea cycle disorders (UCD) are amongst the most frequent of the inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and result from a block in the hepatic disposal of waste nitrogen from protein catabolism. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• In addition to the disposal of waste nitrogen, the urea cycle also generates arginine for various biologic functions. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Hilaire Marin Rouelle1

• Urea was first isolated from urine in 1773 by the French chemist Hilaire-Marin Rouelle. (britannica.com)

Fake urine4

• If it is managed, making use of fake urine may be a bit hard. (snowblink.org)
• Directions: Heat your fake urine. (fvkasa.org)
• Monkey Dong has the advantage that combines the fake urine with a fake penis to use because you sometimes have to produce a penis to give a urine sample under close watch. (fvkasa.org)
• Fake urine comes in two main types, powdered and liquid. (fvkasa.org)

Plasma2

• It is far more concentrated in the urine than in plasma and extracellular fluids. (physiology.org)
• When fed diets with progressively increasing protein content (10, 20, and 40%), they cannot prevent a much larger increase in plasma urea than wild-type mice because they cannot raise U urea . (physiology.org)