The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.
The status of health in urban populations.
The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Lithuania" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. It is a country located in northeastern Europe, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and the Baltic Sea to the west. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help answer them!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "India" is not a medical term that can be defined in a medical context. It is a geographical location, referring to the Republic of India, a country in South Asia. If you have any questions related to medical topics or definitions, I would be happy to help with those!
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.
The status of health in rural populations.
Individual members of South American ethnic groups with historic ancestral origins in Asia.
The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.
Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Portugal" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. It is a country located in southwestern Europe, known for its rich history, culture, and contributions to various fields including medicine. If you have any questions related to medical topics or definitions, I would be happy to help!
A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.
Mobilization of human, financial, capital, physical and or natural resources to generate goods and services.
City, urban, rural, or suburban areas which are characterized by severe economic deprivation and by accompanying physical and social decay.
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Brazil" is not a medical term or concept, it is a country located in South America, known officially as the Federative Republic of Brazil. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or science, I'd be happy to help answer those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Poland" is not a medical term or concept; it is a country located in Central Europe. If you have any questions about medical topics or definitions, I would be happy to help answer those!
Health services, public or private, in urban areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.
Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Vision considered to be inferior to normal vision as represented by accepted standards of acuity, field of vision, or motility. Low vision generally refers to visual disorders that are caused by diseases that cannot be corrected by refraction (e.g., MACULAR DEGENERATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, etc.).
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Baltimore" doesn't have a specific medical definition as it is commonly associated with a city in Maryland, USA, or it could refer to various unrelated medical concepts which are not substantial or standard enough to be considered as a formal medical term.
A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Russia" is a country and not a medical term. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.
I am not aware of any established medical definition for "Iran" as it is primarily used to refer to a country located in the Middle East, known officially as the Islamic Republic of Iran. If you are looking for information on healthcare or medical conditions within Iran, I would be happy to help with that!
Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
Studies in which a number of subjects are selected from all subjects in a defined population. Conclusions based on sample results may be attributed only to the population sampled.
A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Greece" is a country in southeastern Europe and not a medical term or condition. If you have any medical questions or need a definition related to medicine, I would be happy to help.
(Disclaimer: This is a playful and fictitious response, as there isn't a medical definition for 'New York City'.)
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.
Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.
An infant during the first month after birth.
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.
Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.
Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.
The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.
A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.
Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital.
```bild{shortcode=!false}
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pakistan" is a country located in South Asia and it does not have a medical definition. If you have any medical question or term that you would like me to define, please provide it and I will be happy to help.
A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc.
The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.
A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.
The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.
The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.
Voluntary use of free time for activities outside the daily routine.
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.
Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between population groups defined by socioeconomic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, economic resources, or gender and populations identified geographically or similar measures.
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.
A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.
Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).
Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)
The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.
Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.
Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.
The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.
All deaths reported in a given population.
Acquired or learned food preferences.
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)
A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.
Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.
A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)
A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.
Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Use of wood stoves and risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract: a case-control study. (1/7134)

BACKGROUND: Incidence rates for cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract in Southern Brazil are among the highest in the world. A case-control study was designed to identify the main risk factors for carcinomas of mouth, pharynx, and larynx in the region. We tested the hypothesis of whether use of wood stoves is associated with these cancers. METHODS: Information on known and potential risk factors was obtained from interviews with 784 cases and 1568 non-cancer controls. We estimated the effect of use of wood stove by conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for smoking, alcohol consumption and for other sociodemographic and dietary variables chosen as empirical confounders based on a change-in-estimate criterion. RESULTS: After extensive adjustment for all the empirical confounders the odds ratio (OR) for all upper aero-digestive tract cancers was 2.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 2.2-3.3). Increased risks were also seen in site-specific analyses for mouth (OR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.8-4.2), pharyngeal (OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 2.0-7.4), and laryngeal carcinomas (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.2-4.7). Significant risk elevations remained for each of the three anatomic sites and for all sites combined even after we purposefully biased the analyses towards the null hypothesis by adjusting the effect of wood stove use only for positive empirical confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The association of use of wood stoves with cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract is genuine and unlikely to result from insufficient control of confounding. Due to its high prevalence, use of wood stoves may be linked to as many as 30% of all cancers occurring in the region.  (+info)

Constitutional, biochemical and lifestyle correlates of fibrinogen and factor VII activity in Polish urban and rural populations. (2/7134)

BACKGROUND: Fibrinogen and factor VII activity are known to be related to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, but population differences in clotting factors and modifiable characteristics that influence their levels have not been widely explored. METHODS: This paper examines correlates of plasma fibrinogen concentration and factor VII activity in 2443 men and women aged 35-64 in random samples selected from the residents in two districts in urban Warsaw (618 men and 651 women) and from rural Tarnobrzeg Province (556 men and 618 women) screened in 1987-1988, and assesses which characteristics might explain urban-rural differences. Fibrinogen and factor VII activity were determined using coagulation methods. RESULTS: Fibrinogen was 12.9 mg/dl higher in men and 14.1 mg/dl higher in women in Tarnobrzeg compared to Warsaw. Factor VII activity was higher in Warsaw (9.2% in men and 15.3% in women). After adjustment for selected characteristics, fibrinogen was higher in smokers compared to non-smokers by 28 mg/dl in men and 22 mg/dl in women. In women, a 15 mg/dl increase in HDL-cholesterol was associated with a 10 mg/dl decrease in fibrinogen (P < 0.01). After adjustment for other variables, a higher factor VII activity in Warsaw remained significant (a difference of 9.4% in men and 14.8% in women). Lower fibrinogen in Warsaw remained significant only in women (15.4 mg/dl difference). CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed that sex, age, BMI, smoking and blood lipids are related to clotting factors. However, with the exception of gender differences and smoking, associations between clotting factors and other variables were small and of questionable practical importance.  (+info)

Thiamine deficiency is prevalent in a selected group of urban Indonesian elderly people. (3/7134)

This cross-sectional study involved 204 elderly individuals (93 males and 111 females). Subjects were randomly recruited using a list on which all 60-75 y-old-people living in seven sub-villages in Jakarta were included. The usual food intake was estimated using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. Hemoglobin, plasma retinol, vitamin B-12, red blood cell folate and the percentage stimulation of erythrocyte transketolase (ETK), as an indicator of thiamine status, were analyzed. Median energy intake was below the assessed requirement. More than 75% of the subjects had iron and thiamine intakes of approximately 2/3 of the recommended daily intake, and 20.2% of the study population had folate intake of approximately 2/3 of the recommended daily intake. Intakes of vitamins A and B-12 were adequate. Biochemical assessments demonstrated that 36.6% of the subjects had low thiamine levels (ETK stimulation > 25%). The elderly men tended to have lower thiamine levels than the elderly women. The overall prevalence of anemia was 28.9%, and the elderly women were affected more than the elderly men. Low biochemical status of vitamins A, B-12 and RBC folate was found in 5.4%, 8.8 % and 2.9% of the subjects, respectively. Dietary intakes of thiamine and folate were associated with ETK stimulation and plasma vitamin B-12 concentration (r = 0.176, P = 0.012 and r = 0.77, P = 0.001), respectively. Results of this study suggest that anemia, thiamine and possibly vitamin B-12 deficiency are prevalent in the elderly living in Indonesia. Clearly, micronutrient supplementation may be beneficial for the Indonesian elderly population living in underprivileged areas.  (+info)

Asthma visits to emergency rooms and soybean unloading in the harbors of Valencia and A Coruna, Spain. (4/7134)

Soybean unloading in the harbor of Barcelona, Spain, has been associated with large increases in the numbers of asthma patients treated in emergency departments between 1981 and 1987. In this study, the association between asthma and soybean unloading in two other Spanish cities, Valencia and A Coruna, was assessed. Asthma admissions were retrospectively identified for the period 1993-1995, and harbor activities were investigated in each location. Two approaches were used to assess the association between asthma and soybean unloading: One used unusual asthma days (days with an unusually high number of emergency room asthma visits) as an effect measure, and the other estimated the relative increase in the daily number of emergency room visits by autoregressive Poisson regression, adjusted for meteorologic variables, seasonality, and influenza incidence. No association between unusual asthma days and soya unloading was observed in either Valencia or A Coruna, except for one particular dock in Valencia. When the association between unloaded products and the daily number of emergency asthma visits was studied, a statistically significant association was observed for unloading of soya husk (relative risk = 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.94) and soybeans (relative risk = 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.59) in A Coruna. In Valencia, a statistical association was found only for the unloading of soybeans at two particular docks. Although these findings support the notion that asthma outbreaks are not a common hidden condition in most harbors where soybeans are unloaded, the weak associations reported are likely to be causal. Therefore, appropriate control measures should be implemented to avoid soybean dust emissions, particularly in harbors with populations living in the vicinity.  (+info)

Cancer mortality by educational level in the city of Barcelona. (5/7134)

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between educational level and mortality from cancer in the city of Barcelona. The data were derived from a record linkage between the Barcelona Mortality Registry and the Municipal Census. The relative risks (RR) of death and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to level of education were derived from Poisson regression models. For all malignancies, men in the lowest educational level had a RR of death of 1.21 (95% CI 1.13-1.29) compared with men with a university degree, whereas for women a significant decreasing in risk was observed (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.74-0.90). Among men, significant negative trends of increasing risk according to level of education were present for cancer of the mouth and pharynx (RR 1.70 for lowest vs. highest level of education), oesophagus (RR 2.14), stomach (RR 1.99), larynx (RR 2.56) and lung (RR 1.35). Among women, cervical cancer was negatively related to education (RR 2.62), whereas a positive trend was present for cancers of the colon (RR 0.76), pancreas (RR 0.59), lung (RR 0.55) and breast (RR 0.65). The present study confirms for the first time, at an individual level, the existence of socioeconomic differences in mortality for several cancer sites in Barcelona, Spain. There is a need to implement health programmes and public health policies to reduce these inequities.  (+info)

Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia. (6/7134)

BACKGROUND: Although a family history of schizophrenia is the best-established risk factor for schizophrenia, environmental factors such as the place and season of birth may also be important. METHODS: Using data from the Civil Registration System in Denmark, we established a population-based cohort of 1.75 million persons whose mothers were Danish women born between 1935 and 1978. We linked this cohort to the Danish Psychiatric Central Register and identified 2669 cases of schizophrenia among cohort members and additional cases among their parents. RESULTS: The respective relative risks of schizophrenia for persons with a mother, father, or sibling who had schizophrenia were 9.31 (95 percent confidence interval, 7.24 to 11.96), 7.20 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.10 to 10.16), and 6.99 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.38 to 9.09), as compared with persons with no affected parents or siblings. The risk of schizophrenia was associated with the degree of urbanization of the place of birth (relative risk for the capital vs. rural areas, 2.40; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.13 to 2.70). The risk was also significantly associated with the season of birth; it was highest for births in February and March and lowest for births in August and September. The population attributable risk was 5.5 percent for a history of schizophrenia in a parent or sibling, 34.6 percent for urban place of birth, and 10.5 percent for the season of birth. CONCLUSIONS: Although a history of schizophrenia in a parent or sibling is associated with the highest relative risk of having the disease, the place and season of birth account for many more cases on a population basis.  (+info)

Food insecurity: consequences for the household and broader social implications. (7/7134)

A conceptual framework showing the household and social implications of food insecurity was elicited from a qualitative and quantitative study of 98 households from a heterogeneous low income population of Quebec city and rural surroundings; the study was designed to increase understanding of the experience of food insecurity in order to contribute to its prevention. According to the respondents' description, the experience of food insecurity is characterized by two categories of manifestations, i.e., the core characteristics of the phenomenon and a related set of actions and reactions by the household. This second category of manifestations is considered here as a first level of consequences of food insecurity. These consequences at the household level often interact with the larger environment to which the household belongs. On a chronic basis, the resulting interactions have certain implications that are tentatively labeled "social implications" in this paper. Their examination suggests that important aspects of human development depend on food security. It also raises questions concerning the nature of socially acceptable practices of food acquisition and food management, and how such acceptability can be assessed. Guidelines to that effect are proposed. Findings underline the relevance and urgency of working toward the realization of the right to food.  (+info)

Predicting longitudinal growth curves of height and weight using ecological factors for children with and without early growth deficiency. (8/7134)

Growth curve models were used to examine the effect of genetic and ecological factors on changes in height and weight of 225 children from low income, urban families who were assessed up to eight times in the first 6 y of life. Children with early growth deficiency [failure to thrive (FTT)] (n = 127) and a community sample of children without growth deficiency (n = 98) were examined to evaluate how genetic, child and family characteristics influenced growth. Children of taller and heavier parents, who were recruited at younger ages and did not have a history of growth deficiency, had accelerated growth from recruitment through age 6 y. In addition, increases in height were associated with better health, less difficult temperament, nurturant mothers and female gender; increases in weight were associated with better health. Children with a history of growth deficiency demonstrated slower rates of growth than children in the community group without a history of growth deficiency. In the community group, changes in children's height and weight were related to maternal perceptions of health and temperament and maternal nurturance during feeding, whereas in the FTT group, maternal perceptions and behavior were not in synchrony with children's growth. These findings suggest that, in addition to genetic factors, growth is dependent on a nurturant and sensitive caregiving system. Interventions to promote growth should consider child and family characteristics, including maternal perceptions of children's health and temperament and maternal mealtime behavior.  (+info)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Urban Population" is not a medical term. It is a demographic term used to describe the portion of a country's population that lives in areas classified as urban. The United Nations defines an urban area as a city, town, or other agglomeration with a population of 20,000 or more. However, the specific definition can vary by country and organization.

In contrast, medical terms typically refer to conditions, diseases, symptoms, treatments, or healthcare-related concepts. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to help if I can!

Urban health is a branch of public health that focuses on the unique health challenges and disparities faced by urban populations. It encompasses the physical, mental, and social well-being of people living in urban areas, which are characterized by high population density, diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds, and unique environmental exposures.

Urban health addresses a range of issues, including infectious diseases, chronic conditions, injuries, violence, and mental health disorders, as well as the social determinants of health such as housing, education, income, and access to healthcare services. It also considers the impact of urbanization on health, including the effects of pollution, noise, crowding, and lack of green spaces.

The goal of urban health is to promote health equity and improve the overall health outcomes of urban populations by addressing these challenges through evidence-based interventions, policies, and programs that are tailored to the unique needs of urban communities.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "urbanization" is a term that is more commonly used in the context of sociology and urban planning. It refers to the process through which rural areas become urbanized, or turned into cities, as a result of growth in population and infrastructure development.

However, if you are asking about the health implications of urbanization, then there is a field of study called "urban health" that focuses on how the urban environment impacts the physical and mental health of its inhabitants. Factors such as air pollution, noise pollution, lack of green spaces, inadequate housing, and limited access to healthy food options can all contribute to negative health outcomes in urban areas.

A rural population refers to people who live in areas that are outside of urban areas, typically defined as having fewer than 2,000 residents and lacking certain infrastructure and services such as running water, sewage systems, and paved roads. Rural populations often have less access to healthcare services, education, and economic opportunities compared to their urban counterparts. This population group can face unique health challenges, including higher rates of poverty, limited access to specialized medical care, and a greater exposure to environmental hazards such as agricultural chemicals and industrial pollutants.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Cities" is not a medical term or concept, but rather a geographical and sociopolitical one referring to large, densely populated urban areas. If you're looking for information about health-related topics associated with cities, I would be happy to help! For example, there are many public health issues that are closely linked to city living, such as air pollution, infectious diseases, and chronic conditions like obesity and heart disease. Please let me know if you have any specific questions in mind!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Lithuania" is not a medical term. It is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "India" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country in South Asia, the second-most populous country in the world, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and numerous contributions to various fields including medicine. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to help answer them!

A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.

In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.

Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.

Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.

"Age distribution" is a term used to describe the number of individuals within a population or sample that fall into different age categories. It is often presented in the form of a graph, table, or chart, and can provide important information about the demographic structure of a population.

The age distribution of a population can be influenced by a variety of factors, including birth rates, mortality rates, migration patterns, and aging. Public health officials and researchers use age distribution data to inform policies and programs related to healthcare, social services, and other areas that affect the well-being of populations.

For example, an age distribution graph might show a larger number of individuals in the younger age categories, indicating a population with a high birth rate. Alternatively, it might show a larger number of individuals in the older age categories, indicating a population with a high life expectancy or an aging population. Understanding the age distribution of a population can help policymakers plan for future needs and allocate resources more effectively.

Rural health is a branch of healthcare that focuses on the unique health challenges and needs of people living in rural areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines rural health as "the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in the rural population."

Rural populations often face disparities in healthcare access and quality compared to their urban counterparts. Factors such as geographic isolation, poverty, lack of transportation, and a shortage of healthcare providers can contribute to these disparities. Rural health encompasses a broad range of services, including primary care, prevention, chronic disease management, mental health, oral health, and emergency medical services.

The goal of rural health is to improve the health outcomes of rural populations by addressing these unique challenges and providing high-quality, accessible healthcare services that meet their needs. This may involve innovative approaches such as telemedicine, mobile health clinics, and community-based programs to reach people in remote areas.

I believe you are asking for a description or explanation of the indigenous peoples of South America, rather than a "medical definition." A medical definition would typically apply to a condition or disease. Here is some information about the indigenous peoples of South America:

The indigenous peoples of South America are the original inhabitants of the continent and its islands, who lived there before the European colonization. They include a wide variety of ethnic groups, languages, and cultures, with distinct histories and traditions. Many indigenous communities in South America have faced significant challenges, including displacement from their lands, marginalization, and discrimination.

According to estimates by the United Nations, there are approximately 45 million indigenous people in Latin America, of which about 30 million live in South America. They represent around 7% of the total population of South America. Indigenous peoples in South America can be found in all countries, with the largest populations in Bolivia (62%), Guatemala (41%), and Peru (25%).

Indigenous peoples in South America have a rich cultural heritage, including unique languages, arts, and spiritual practices. Many of these cultures are under threat due to globalization, urbanization, and the loss of traditional lands and resources. In recent years, there has been increased recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples in international law, including the right to self-determination, cultural heritage, and free, prior, and informed consent for projects that affect their territories. However, significant challenges remain, and many indigenous communities continue to face violence, discrimination, and poverty.

"Sex distribution" is a term used to describe the number of males and females in a study population or sample. It can be presented as a simple count, a percentage, or a ratio. This information is often used in research to identify any differences in health outcomes, disease prevalence, or response to treatment between males and females. Additionally, understanding sex distribution can help researchers ensure that their studies are representative of the general population and can inform the design of future studies.

Socioeconomic factors are a range of interconnected conditions and influences that affect the opportunities and resources a person or group has to maintain and improve their health and well-being. These factors include:

1. Economic stability: This includes employment status, job security, income level, and poverty status. Lower income and lack of employment are associated with poorer health outcomes.
2. Education: Higher levels of education are generally associated with better health outcomes. Education can affect a person's ability to access and understand health information, as well as their ability to navigate the healthcare system.
3. Social and community context: This includes factors such as social support networks, discrimination, and community safety. Strong social supports and positive community connections are associated with better health outcomes, while discrimination and lack of safety can negatively impact health.
4. Healthcare access and quality: Access to affordable, high-quality healthcare is an important socioeconomic factor that can significantly impact a person's health. Factors such as insurance status, availability of providers, and cultural competency of healthcare systems can all affect healthcare access and quality.
5. Neighborhood and built environment: The physical conditions in which people live, work, and play can also impact their health. Factors such as housing quality, transportation options, availability of healthy foods, and exposure to environmental hazards can all influence health outcomes.

Socioeconomic factors are often interrelated and can have a cumulative effect on health outcomes. For example, someone who lives in a low-income neighborhood with limited access to healthy foods and safe parks may also face challenges related to employment, education, and healthcare access that further impact their health. Addressing socioeconomic factors is an important part of promoting health equity and reducing health disparities.

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Portugal" is not a medical term. It is a country located in southwestern Europe, known officially as the Portuguese Republic. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "poverty" is not a medical condition or term. It is a social condition defined by the World Bank as "pronounced deprivation in well-being," and measured through indicators such as income, consumption, and access to basic services. Poverty can have significant impacts on health outcomes and healthcare access, but it is not considered a medical diagnosis. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try my best to help answer them!

Economic development is a term that refers to the sustained, concerted actions of policy makers and communities that promote the standard of living and economic health of a region or nation. It is characterized by improvements in various indicators such as:

1. Increase in per capita income: This is measured as the total income of a region divided by its population. An increase in this value indicates that, on average, people are becoming wealthier.
2. Improvement in the Human Development Index (HDI): The HDI is a composite index that measures a country's average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living.
3. Creation of employment opportunities: Economic development efforts often aim to create jobs and reduce unemployment rates.
4. Reduction in poverty rates: This is measured as the percentage of people whose income falls below a certain level, known as the poverty line.
5. Improvement in infrastructure: This includes the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, public transportation systems, water and sewage systems, and other physical facilities that support economic activity.
6. Encouragement of entrepreneurship and innovation: Economic development policies may also aim to foster a favorable environment for the creation and growth of businesses, particularly those that are innovative and have high growth potential.
7. Promotion of exports: Increasing a region's or nation's exports can lead to economic growth, as it brings in foreign currency and creates jobs.
8. Attraction of foreign investment: Foreign investors bring capital, technology, and expertise to a region or country, which can spur economic development.
9. Sustainable development: Economic development efforts should also consider the long-term sustainability of economic activities, taking into account factors such as environmental protection and resource conservation.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Poverty Areas" is not a standard medical term or classification. However, in a broader social determinants of health context, poverty is recognized as a significant factor that can impact an individual's health outcomes and access to healthcare.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines poverty as "pronounced deprivation in well-being," which includes but is not limited to lack of income and economic opportunities. The WHO also acknowledges that poverty is a major cause of ill-health and premature death around the world.

If you are referring to a specific term or concept that goes by a different name, please provide more context so I can give a more accurate response.

"Sex factors" is a term used in medicine and epidemiology to refer to the differences in disease incidence, prevalence, or response to treatment that are observed between males and females. These differences can be attributed to biological differences such as genetics, hormones, and anatomy, as well as social and cultural factors related to gender.

For example, some conditions such as autoimmune diseases, depression, and osteoporosis are more common in women, while others such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer are more prevalent in men. Additionally, sex differences have been observed in the effectiveness and side effects of various medications and treatments.

It is important to consider sex factors in medical research and clinical practice to ensure that patients receive appropriate and effective care.

I apologize, but "Brazil" is not a medical term or condition. It is the largest country in both South America and Latin America by land area and population. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, please provide more information and I will do my best to help.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Poland" is not a medical term. It is a country in Central Europe. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terminology, I would be happy to help answer those!

Urban health services refer to the provision of healthcare and public health programs in urban areas, designed to meet the unique needs and challenges of urban populations. These services encompass a wide range of facilities, professionals, and interventions that aim to improve the health and well-being of people living in urban environments. They often address issues such as infectious diseases, chronic conditions, mental health, environmental hazards, and social determinants of health that are prevalent or amplified in urban settings. Examples of urban health services include hospital systems, community health centers, outreach programs, and policy initiatives focused on improving the health of urban populations.

The Czech Republic is a country located in Central Europe. It is not a medical term or concept, so it does not have a specific medical definition. However, like any other country, the Czech Republic has its own healthcare system and medical facilities that provide various health services to its population. The Czech Republic is known for its high-quality healthcare and medical education, with many institutions being recognized worldwide.

Low vision is a term used to describe significant visual impairment that cannot be corrected with standard glasses, contact lenses, medication or surgery. It is typically defined as visual acuity of less than 20/70 in the better-seeing eye after best correction, or a visual field of less than 20 degrees in the better-seeing eye.

People with low vision may have difficulty performing everyday tasks such as reading, recognizing faces, watching television, driving, or simply navigating their environment. They may also experience symptoms such as sensitivity to light, glare, or contrast, and may benefit from the use of visual aids, assistive devices, and rehabilitation services to help them maximize their remaining vision and maintain their independence.

Low vision can result from a variety of causes, including eye diseases such as macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, or cataracts, as well as congenital or inherited conditions, brain injuries, or aging. It is important for individuals with low vision to receive regular eye examinations and consult with a low vision specialist to determine the best course of treatment and management.

I'm not aware of any medical definition for the term "Baltimore." The term Baltimore is most commonly associated with a city in the state of Maryland, USA. It may also refer to various other unrelated things, such as a type of hound or a surname. If you could provide more context, I might be able to give a more helpful response.

I am not aware of a specific medical definition for the term "China." Generally, it is used to refer to:

1. The People's Republic of China (PRC), which is a country in East Asia. It is the most populous country in the world and the fourth largest by geographical area. Its capital city is Beijing.
2. In a historical context, "China" was used to refer to various dynasties and empires that existed in East Asia over thousands of years. The term "Middle Kingdom" or "Zhongguo" (中国) has been used by the Chinese people to refer to their country for centuries.
3. In a more general sense, "China" can also be used to describe products or goods that originate from or are associated with the People's Republic of China.

If you have a specific context in which you encountered the term "China" related to medicine, please provide it so I can give a more accurate response.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Russia" is not a medical term or concept. Russia is the largest country in the world by land area, located primarily in Asia with a smaller portion extending into Europe. It is a nation rich in history and culture, known for its diverse landscapes, from tundra and forests to subtropical beaches.

If you have any medical questions or terms that you would like me to define, please feel free to ask!

"Age factors" refer to the effects, changes, or differences that age can have on various aspects of health, disease, and medical care. These factors can encompass a wide range of issues, including:

1. Physiological changes: As people age, their bodies undergo numerous physical changes that can affect how they respond to medications, illnesses, and medical procedures. For example, older adults may be more sensitive to certain drugs or have weaker immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections.
2. Chronic conditions: Age is a significant risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. As a result, age-related medical issues are common and can impact treatment decisions and outcomes.
3. Cognitive decline: Aging can also lead to cognitive changes, including memory loss and decreased decision-making abilities. These changes can affect a person's ability to understand and comply with medical instructions, leading to potential complications in their care.
4. Functional limitations: Older adults may experience physical limitations that impact their mobility, strength, and balance, increasing the risk of falls and other injuries. These limitations can also make it more challenging for them to perform daily activities, such as bathing, dressing, or cooking.
5. Social determinants: Age-related factors, such as social isolation, poverty, and lack of access to transportation, can impact a person's ability to obtain necessary medical care and affect their overall health outcomes.

Understanding age factors is critical for healthcare providers to deliver high-quality, patient-centered care that addresses the unique needs and challenges of older adults. By taking these factors into account, healthcare providers can develop personalized treatment plans that consider a person's age, physical condition, cognitive abilities, and social circumstances.

I'm happy to help, but I need to clarify that "residence characteristics" is not a commonly used medical term. It is more related to the field of public health or epidemiology. However, if you are asking for the characteristics of a residence that could be relevant to medical or health research, they might include:

1. Housing type (single-family home, apartment, mobile home, etc.)
2. Age and condition of the housing unit
3. Presence of environmental hazards (lead paint, asbestos, radon, etc.)
4. Quality of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems
5. Access to clean water and sanitation facilities
6. Safety features (smoke detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, etc.)
7. Presence of pests (rodents, cockroaches, bed bugs, etc.)
8. Neighborhood characteristics (crime rates, access to healthy food options, walkability, etc.)

These factors can all have an impact on the health outcomes of individuals and communities, and are often studied in public health research.

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

In epidemiology, the incidence of a disease is defined as the number of new cases of that disease within a specific population over a certain period of time. It is typically expressed as a rate, with the number of new cases in the numerator and the size of the population at risk in the denominator. Incidence provides information about the risk of developing a disease during a given time period and can be used to compare disease rates between different populations or to monitor trends in disease occurrence over time.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Iran" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in southwest Asia. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer them!

Educational status refers to the level or stage of education that a person has reached. It can be used to describe an individual's educational background, achievements, and qualifications. Educational status can be categorized in various ways, including by level (e.g., elementary school, high school, college, graduate school), years of schooling completed, or type of degree earned (e.g., bachelor's, master's, doctoral).

In medical settings, educational status may be used as a demographic variable to describe the characteristics of a patient population or to identify potential disparities in health outcomes based on education level. Research has shown that higher levels of education are often associated with better health outcomes, including lower rates of chronic diseases and improved mental health. Therefore, understanding a patient's educational status can help healthcare providers tailor their care and education strategies to meet the unique needs and challenges of each individual.

Population surveillance in a public health and medical context refers to the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health-related data for a defined population over time. It aims to monitor the health status, identify emerging health threats or trends, and evaluate the impact of interventions within that population. This information is used to inform public health policy, prioritize healthcare resources, and guide disease prevention and control efforts. Population surveillance can involve various data sources, such as vital records, disease registries, surveys, and electronic health records.

"Sampling studies" is not a specific medical term, but rather a general term that refers to research studies in which a sample of individuals or data is collected and analyzed to make inferences about a larger population. In medical research, sampling studies can be used to estimate the prevalence of diseases or risk factors within a certain population, to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions, or to study the relationships between various health-related variables.

The sample for a sampling study may be selected using various methods, such as random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, or convenience sampling. The choice of sampling method depends on the research question, the characteristics of the population of interest, and practical considerations related to cost, time, and feasibility.

It is important to note that sampling studies have limitations and potential sources of bias, just like any other research design. Therefore, it is essential to carefully consider the study methods and limitations when interpreting the results of sampling studies in medical research.

Health surveys are research studies that collect data from a sample population to describe the current health status, health behaviors, and healthcare utilization of a particular group or community. These surveys may include questions about various aspects of health such as physical health, mental health, chronic conditions, lifestyle habits, access to healthcare services, and demographic information. The data collected from health surveys can be used to monitor trends in health over time, identify disparities in health outcomes, develop and evaluate public health programs and policies, and inform resource allocation decisions. Examples of national health surveys include the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Greece" is not a medical term or concept. Greece is a country located in southeastern Europe, known for its rich history, culture, and contributions to various fields including philosophy, politics, arts, and sciences. If you have any questions related to medical topics or definitions, I'd be happy to help.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New York City" is not a medical term or concept. It's a city located in the state of New York, United States. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help with those!

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure used to assess whether a person has a healthy weight for their height. It's calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. Here is the medical definition:

Body Mass Index (BMI) = weight(kg) / [height(m)]^2

According to the World Health Organization, BMI categories are defined as follows:

* Less than 18.5: Underweight
* 18.5-24.9: Normal or healthy weight
* 25.0-29.9: Overweight
* 30.0 and above: Obese

It is important to note that while BMI can be a useful tool for identifying weight issues in populations, it does have limitations when applied to individuals. For example, it may not accurately reflect body fat distribution or muscle mass, which can affect health risks associated with excess weight. Therefore, BMI should be used as one of several factors when evaluating an individual's health status and risk for chronic diseases.

Regression analysis is a statistical technique used in medicine, as well as in other fields, to examine the relationship between one or more independent variables (predictors) and a dependent variable (outcome). It allows for the estimation of the average change in the outcome variable associated with a one-unit change in an independent variable, while controlling for the effects of other independent variables. This technique is often used to identify risk factors for diseases or to evaluate the effectiveness of medical interventions. In medical research, regression analysis can be used to adjust for potential confounding variables and to quantify the relationship between exposures and health outcomes. It can also be used in predictive modeling to estimate the probability of a particular outcome based on multiple predictors.

The term "developing countries" is a socio-economic classification used to describe nations that are in the process of industrialization and modernization. This term is often used interchangeably with "low and middle-income countries" or "Global South." The World Bank defines developing countries as those with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of less than US $12,695.

In the context of healthcare, developing countries face unique challenges including limited access to quality medical care, lack of resources and infrastructure, high burden of infectious diseases, and a shortage of trained healthcare professionals. These factors contribute to significant disparities in health outcomes between developing and developed nations.

A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) due to absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. There are two main types: Type 1 diabetes, which results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to insulin deficiency, and Type 2 diabetes, which is associated with insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.

Type 1 diabetes typically presents in childhood or young adulthood, while Type 2 diabetes tends to occur later in life, often in association with obesity and physical inactivity. Both types of diabetes can lead to long-term complications such as damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system if left untreated or not well controlled.

The diagnosis of diabetes is usually made based on fasting plasma glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Treatment typically involves lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, along with medications to lower blood glucose levels and manage associated conditions.

Demography is the statistical study of populations, particularly in terms of size, distribution, and characteristics such as age, race, gender, and occupation. In medical contexts, demography is often used to analyze health-related data and trends within specific populations. This can include studying the prevalence of certain diseases or conditions, identifying disparities in healthcare access and outcomes, and evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions. Demographic data can also be used to inform policy decisions and allocate resources to address population health needs.

Logistic models, specifically logistic regression models, are a type of statistical analysis used in medical and epidemiological research to identify the relationship between the risk of a certain health outcome or disease (dependent variable) and one or more independent variables, such as demographic factors, exposure variables, or other clinical measurements.

In contrast to linear regression models, logistic regression models are used when the dependent variable is binary or dichotomous in nature, meaning it can only take on two values, such as "disease present" or "disease absent." The model uses a logistic function to estimate the probability of the outcome based on the independent variables.

Logistic regression models are useful for identifying risk factors and estimating the strength of associations between exposures and health outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders, and predicting the probability of an outcome given certain values of the independent variables. They can also be used to develop clinical prediction rules or scores that can aid in decision-making and patient care.

Patient acceptance of health care refers to the willingness and ability of a patient to follow and engage in a recommended treatment plan or healthcare regimen. This involves understanding the proposed medical interventions, considering their potential benefits and risks, and making an informed decision to proceed with the recommended course of action.

The factors that influence patient acceptance can include:

1. Patient's understanding of their condition and treatment options
2. Trust in their healthcare provider
3. Personal beliefs and values related to health and illness
4. Cultural, linguistic, or socioeconomic barriers
5. Emotional responses to the diagnosis or proposed treatment
6. Practical considerations, such as cost, time commitment, or potential side effects

Healthcare providers play a crucial role in facilitating patient acceptance by clearly communicating information, addressing concerns and questions, and providing support throughout the decision-making process. Encouraging shared decision-making and tailoring care plans to individual patient needs and preferences can also enhance patient acceptance of health care.

An ethnic group is a category of people who identify with each other based on shared ancestry, language, culture, history, and/or physical characteristics. The concept of an ethnic group is often used in the social sciences to describe a population that shares a common identity and a sense of belonging to a larger community.

Ethnic groups can be distinguished from racial groups, which are categories of people who are defined by their physical characteristics, such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features. While race is a social construct based on physical differences, ethnicity is a cultural construct based on shared traditions, beliefs, and practices.

It's important to note that the concept of ethnic groups can be complex and fluid, as individuals may identify with multiple ethnic groups or switch their identification over time. Additionally, the boundaries between different ethnic groups can be blurred and contested, and the ways in which people define and categorize themselves and others can vary across cultures and historical periods.

Smoking is not a medical condition, but it's a significant health risk behavior. Here is the definition from a public health perspective:

Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning tobacco that is commonly consumed through cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. The smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and numerous toxic and carcinogenic substances. These toxins contribute to a wide range of diseases and health conditions, such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and various other cancers, as well as adverse reproductive outcomes and negative impacts on the developing fetus during pregnancy. Smoking is highly addictive due to the nicotine content, which makes quitting smoking a significant challenge for many individuals.

Obesity is a complex disease characterized by an excess accumulation of body fat to the extent that it negatively impacts health. It's typically defined using Body Mass Index (BMI), a measure calculated from a person's weight and height. A BMI of 30 or higher is indicative of obesity. However, it's important to note that while BMI can be a useful tool for identifying obesity in populations, it does not directly measure body fat and may not accurately reflect health status in individuals. Other factors such as waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar levels should also be considered when assessing health risks associated with weight.

Seroepidemiologic studies are a type of epidemiological study that measures the presence and levels of antibodies in a population's blood serum to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and transmission of infectious diseases. These studies help to identify patterns of infection and immunity within a population, which can inform public health policies and interventions.

Seroepidemiologic studies typically involve collecting blood samples from a representative sample of individuals in a population and testing them for the presence of antibodies against specific pathogens. The results are then analyzed to estimate the prevalence of infection and immunity within the population, as well as any factors associated with increased or decreased risk of infection.

These studies can provide valuable insights into the spread of infectious diseases, including emerging and re-emerging infections, and help to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Additionally, seroepidemiologic studies can also be used to investigate the transmission dynamics of infectious agents, such as identifying sources of infection or tracking the spread of antibiotic resistance.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "income" is not a medical term. Income is an economic term that refers to the inflow of monetary resources or earnings that an individual or household receives from various sources, such as employment, investments, or government benefits. It is typically used in financial and economic contexts rather than medical ones. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

I'm not aware of any medical definition for the term "Boston." It is a city in the state of Massachusetts, USA, and is widely known for its cultural institutions, such as Boston Symphony Orchestra, Boston Ballet, and The Museum of Fine Arts. Additionally, it is home to many renowned medical institutions, including Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. However, "Boston" does not have a specific meaning or definition in the medical field.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pakistan" is a country in South Asia and not a medical term or condition. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!

"Marital status" is not a medical term, but it is often used in medical records and forms to indicate whether a person is single, married, divorced, widowed, or in a civil union. It is a social determinant of health that can have an impact on a person's access to healthcare, health behaviors, and health outcomes. For example, research has shown that people who are unmarried, divorced, or widowed may have worse health outcomes than those who are married. However, it is important to note that this relationship is complex and influenced by many other factors, including socioeconomic status, age, and overall health.

Health services accessibility refers to the degree to which individuals and populations are able to obtain needed health services in a timely manner. It includes factors such as physical access (e.g., distance, transportation), affordability (e.g., cost of services, insurance coverage), availability (e.g., supply of providers, hours of operation), and acceptability (e.g., cultural competence, language concordance).

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), accessibility is one of the key components of health system performance, along with responsiveness and fair financing. Improving accessibility to health services is essential for achieving universal health coverage and ensuring that everyone has access to quality healthcare without facing financial hardship. Factors that affect health services accessibility can vary widely between and within countries, and addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach that includes policy interventions, infrastructure development, and community engagement.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "social class" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a sociological concept that refers to the grouping of individuals in a society based on their shared economic and social positions. This can include factors such as income, education, occupation, and wealth.

However, social class can have an impact on health outcomes and access to healthcare. For example, people in lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to experience chronic diseases, mental health disorders, and have limited access to quality healthcare services compared to those in higher socioeconomic groups. This relationship is often referred to as the "social determinants of health."

Public health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts of society." It focuses on improving the health and well-being of entire communities, populations, and societies, rather than individual patients. This is achieved through various strategies, including education, prevention, surveillance of diseases, and promotion of healthy behaviors and environments. Public health also addresses broader determinants of health, such as access to healthcare, housing, food, and income, which have a significant impact on the overall health of populations.

The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used in epidemiology and research to estimate the association between an exposure and an outcome. It represents the odds that an event will occur in one group versus the odds that it will occur in another group, assuming that all other factors are held constant.

In medical research, the odds ratio is often used to quantify the strength of the relationship between a risk factor (exposure) and a disease outcome. An OR of 1 indicates no association between the exposure and the outcome, while an OR greater than 1 suggests that there is a positive association between the two. Conversely, an OR less than 1 implies a negative association.

It's important to note that the odds ratio is not the same as the relative risk (RR), which compares the incidence rates of an outcome in two groups. While the OR can approximate the RR when the outcome is rare, they are not interchangeable and can lead to different conclusions about the association between an exposure and an outcome.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a class of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. They are the leading cause of death globally, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The term "cardiovascular disease" refers to a group of conditions that include:

1. Coronary artery disease (CAD): This is the most common type of heart disease and occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of cholesterol, fat, and other substances in the walls of the arteries. This can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, or a heart attack.
2. Heart failure: This occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by various conditions, including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and cardiomyopathy.
3. Stroke: A stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, often due to a clot or a ruptured blood vessel. This can cause brain damage or death.
4. Peripheral artery disease (PAD): This occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the limbs become narrowed or blocked, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs or arms.
5. Rheumatic heart disease: This is a complication of untreated strep throat and can cause damage to the heart valves, leading to heart failure or other complications.
6. Congenital heart defects: These are structural problems with the heart that are present at birth. They can range from mild to severe and may require medical intervention.
7. Cardiomyopathy: This is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. It can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, and certain medications.
8. Heart arrhythmias: These are abnormal heart rhythms that can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly. They can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, or fainting.
9. Valvular heart disease: This occurs when one or more of the heart valves become damaged or diseased, leading to problems with blood flow through the heart.
10. Aortic aneurysm and dissection: These are conditions that affect the aorta, the largest artery in the body. An aneurysm is a bulge in the aorta, while a dissection is a tear in the inner layer of the aorta. Both can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

It's important to note that many of these conditions can be managed or treated with medical interventions such as medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes. If you have any concerns about your heart health, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider.

Population dynamics, in the context of public health and epidemiology, refers to the study of the changes in size and structure of a population over time, as well as the factors that contribute to those changes. This can include birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, aging, and other demographic characteristics. Understanding population dynamics is crucial for planning and implementing public health interventions, such as vaccination programs or disease prevention strategies, as they allow researchers and policymakers to identify vulnerable populations, predict future health trends, and evaluate the impact of public health initiatives.

I'm happy to help, but I must clarify that the term "leisure activities" is quite broad and can encompass many different types of activities. It generally refers to activities that people do in their free time for enjoyment or relaxation. Leisure activities can include hobbies, sports, games, socializing, travel, and creative pursuits, among other things.

In a medical context, leisure activities are often discussed in relation to their potential health benefits. For example, research has shown that engaging in regular leisure activities can help reduce stress, improve mood, boost cognitive function, and even increase longevity. However, it's important to note that the specific health benefits of leisure activities may vary depending on the type and frequency of activity.

Here are some medical definitions related to leisure activities:

* Physical activity: Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. This can include structured exercise, sports, or other forms of physical exertion during leisure time.
* Exercise: A subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive with the goal of improving or maintaining physical fitness.
* Social support: The perception and actuality of being cared for, valued, and part of a social network. Engaging in social activities during leisure time can provide a sense of connection and belonging, which has been linked to numerous health benefits.
* Creative expression: The process of using creative skills and imagination to express oneself through various forms of art, music, writing, or other creative outlets. Creative pursuits have been shown to have numerous mental and emotional health benefits.
* Relaxation techniques: Practices that help reduce stress and promote relaxation, such as meditation, deep breathing, yoga, or progressive muscle relaxation. These techniques can be particularly beneficial during leisure time for those who struggle with anxiety or stress-related disorders.

Hypertension is a medical term used to describe abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries, often defined as consistently having systolic blood pressure (the top number in a blood pressure reading) over 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) over 80 mmHg. It is also commonly referred to as high blood pressure.

Hypertension can be classified into two types: primary or essential hypertension, which has no identifiable cause and accounts for about 95% of cases, and secondary hypertension, which is caused by underlying medical conditions such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or use of certain medications.

If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, it is important for individuals with hypertension to manage their condition through lifestyle modifications (such as healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management) and medication if necessary, under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Anthropometry is the scientific study of measurements and proportions of the human body. It involves the systematic measurement and analysis of various physical characteristics, such as height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, and other body measurements. These measurements are used in a variety of fields, including medicine, ergonomics, forensics, and fashion design, to assess health status, fitness level, or to design products and environments that fit the human body. In a medical context, anthropometry is often used to assess growth and development, health status, and disease risk factors in individuals and populations.

Health status disparities refer to differences in the health outcomes that are observed between different populations. These populations can be defined by various sociodemographic factors such as race, ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, disability, income, education level, and geographic location. Health status disparities can manifest as differences in rates of illness, disease prevalence or incidence, morbidity, mortality, access to healthcare services, and quality of care received. These disparities are often the result of systemic inequities and social determinants of health that negatively impact certain populations, leading to worse health outcomes compared to other groups. It is important to note that health status disparities are preventable and can be addressed through targeted public health interventions and policies aimed at reducing health inequities.

Environmental exposure refers to the contact of an individual with any chemical, physical, or biological agent in the environment that can cause a harmful effect on health. These exposures can occur through various pathways such as inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Examples of environmental exposures include air pollution, water contamination, occupational chemicals, and allergens. The duration and level of exposure, as well as the susceptibility of the individual, can all contribute to the risk of developing an adverse health effect.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "population density" is actually a term used in population geography and epidemiology, rather than medical terminology. It refers to the number of people living in a specific area or region, usually measured as the number of people per square mile or square kilometer.

However, understanding population density can be important in public health and medicine because it can influence various factors related to health outcomes and healthcare delivery, such as:

1. Disease transmission rates: Higher population densities can facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, particularly those that are transmitted through close contact between individuals.
2. Access to healthcare services: Areas with lower population density might have fewer healthcare resources and providers available, making it more challenging for residents to access necessary medical care.
3. Health disparities: Population density can contribute to health inequities, as urban areas often have better access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities than rural areas, leading to differences in health outcomes between these populations.
4. Environmental factors: Higher population densities might lead to increased pollution, noise, and other environmental hazards that can negatively impact health.

Therefore, while "population density" is not a medical definition per se, it remains an essential concept for understanding various public health and healthcare issues.

Health status is a term used to describe the overall condition of an individual's health, including physical, mental, and social well-being. It is often assessed through various measures such as medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reported health assessments. Health status can be used to identify health disparities, track changes in population health over time, and evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions.

Cluster analysis is a statistical method used to group similar objects or data points together based on their characteristics or features. In medical and healthcare research, cluster analysis can be used to identify patterns or relationships within complex datasets, such as patient records or genetic information. This technique can help researchers to classify patients into distinct subgroups based on their symptoms, diagnoses, or other variables, which can inform more personalized treatment plans or public health interventions.

Cluster analysis involves several steps, including:

1. Data preparation: The researcher must first collect and clean the data, ensuring that it is complete and free from errors. This may involve removing outlier values or missing data points.
2. Distance measurement: Next, the researcher must determine how to measure the distance between each pair of data points. Common methods include Euclidean distance (the straight-line distance between two points) or Manhattan distance (the distance between two points along a grid).
3. Clustering algorithm: The researcher then applies a clustering algorithm, which groups similar data points together based on their distances from one another. Common algorithms include hierarchical clustering (which creates a tree-like structure of clusters) or k-means clustering (which assigns each data point to the nearest centroid).
4. Validation: Finally, the researcher must validate the results of the cluster analysis by evaluating the stability and robustness of the clusters. This may involve re-running the analysis with different distance measures or clustering algorithms, or comparing the results to external criteria.

Cluster analysis is a powerful tool for identifying patterns and relationships within complex datasets, but it requires careful consideration of the data preparation, distance measurement, and validation steps to ensure accurate and meaningful results.

The term "European Continental Ancestry Group" is a medical/ethnic classification that refers to individuals who trace their genetic ancestry to the continent of Europe. This group includes people from various ethnic backgrounds and nationalities, such as Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western European descent. It is often used in research and medical settings for population studies or to identify genetic patterns and predispositions to certain diseases that may be more common in specific ancestral groups. However, it's important to note that this classification can oversimplify the complex genetic diversity within and between populations, and should be used with caution.

African Americans are defined as individuals who have ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa. This term is often used to describe people living in the United States who have total or partial descent from enslaved African peoples. The term does not refer to a single ethnicity but is a broad term that includes various ethnic groups with diverse cultures, languages, and traditions. It's important to note that some individuals may prefer to identify as Black or of African descent rather than African American, depending on their personal identity and background.

'Alcohol drinking' refers to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, which contain ethanol (ethyl alcohol) as the active ingredient. Ethanol is a central nervous system depressant that can cause euphoria, disinhibition, and sedation when consumed in small to moderate amounts. However, excessive drinking can lead to alcohol intoxication, with symptoms ranging from slurred speech and impaired coordination to coma and death.

Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The breakdown of ethanol produces acetaldehyde, a toxic compound that can cause damage to various organs in the body. Chronic alcohol drinking can lead to a range of health problems, including liver disease, pancreatitis, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and increased risk of cancer.

Moderate drinking is generally defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men, where a standard drink contains about 14 grams (0.6 ounces) of pure alcohol. However, it's important to note that there are no safe levels of alcohol consumption, and any level of drinking carries some risk to health.

A diet, in medical terms, refers to the planned and regular consumption of food and drinks. It is a balanced selection of nutrient-rich foods that an individual eats on a daily or periodic basis to meet their energy needs and maintain good health. A well-balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products.

A diet may also be prescribed for therapeutic purposes, such as in the management of certain medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or obesity. In these cases, a healthcare professional may recommend specific restrictions or modifications to an individual's regular diet to help manage their condition and improve their overall health.

It is important to note that a healthy and balanced diet should be tailored to an individual's age, gender, body size, activity level, and any underlying medical conditions. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian or nutritionist, can help ensure that an individual's dietary needs are being met in a safe and effective way.

"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices" (HKAP) is a term used in public health to refer to the knowledge, beliefs, assumptions, and behaviors that individuals possess or engage in that are related to health. Here's a brief definition of each component:

1. Health Knowledge: Refers to the factual information and understanding that individuals have about various health-related topics, such as anatomy, physiology, disease processes, and healthy behaviors.
2. Attitudes: Represent the positive or negative evaluations, feelings, or dispositions that people hold towards certain health issues, practices, or services. These attitudes can influence their willingness to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors.
3. Practices: Encompass the specific actions or habits that individuals engage in related to their health, such as dietary choices, exercise routines, hygiene practices, and use of healthcare services.

HKAP is a multidimensional concept that helps public health professionals understand and address various factors influencing individual and community health outcomes. By assessing and addressing knowledge gaps, negative attitudes, or unhealthy practices, interventions can be designed to promote positive behavior change and improve overall health status.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "life style" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It generally refers to the way an individual or group lives, including their habits, behaviors, and preferences in areas such as diet, exercise, recreation, and stress management. Some lifestyle factors can have a significant impact on health outcomes and risk for certain diseases. However, it is not a medical term with a specific clinical meaning.

A registry in the context of medicine is a collection or database of standardized information about individuals who share a certain condition or attribute, such as a disease, treatment, exposure, or demographic group. These registries are used for various purposes, including:

* Monitoring and tracking the natural history of diseases and conditions
* Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of medical treatments and interventions
* Conducting research and generating hypotheses for further study
* Providing information to patients, clinicians, and researchers
* Informing public health policy and decision-making

Registries can be established for a wide range of purposes, including disease-specific registries (such as cancer or diabetes registries), procedure-specific registries (such as joint replacement or cardiac surgery registries), and population-based registries (such as birth defects or cancer registries). Data collected in registries may include demographic information, clinical data, laboratory results, treatment details, and outcomes.

Registries can be maintained by a variety of organizations, including hospitals, clinics, academic medical centers, professional societies, government agencies, and industry. Participation in registries is often voluntary, although some registries may require informed consent from participants. Data collected in registries are typically de-identified to protect the privacy of individuals.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Linear Models" is actually a term from the field of statistics and machine learning, rather than medicine. A linear model is a type of statistical model that is used to analyze the relationship between two or more variables. In a linear model, the relationship between the dependent variable (the outcome or result) and the independent variable(s) (the factors being studied) is assumed to be linear, meaning that it can be described by a straight line on a graph.

The equation for a simple linear model with one independent variable (x) and one dependent variable (y) looks like this:

y = β0 + β1*x + ε

In this equation, β0 is the y-intercept or the value of y when x equals zero, β1 is the slope or the change in y for each unit increase in x, and ε is the error term or the difference between the actual values of y and the predicted values of y based on the linear model.

Linear models are widely used in medical research to study the relationship between various factors (such as exposure to a risk factor or treatment) and health outcomes (such as disease incidence or mortality). They can also be used to adjust for confounding variables, which are factors that may influence both the independent variable and the dependent variable, and thus affect the observed relationship between them.

The term "African Continental Ancestry Group" is a racial category used in the field of genetics and population health to describe individuals who have ancestral origins in the African continent. This group includes people from diverse ethnic backgrounds, cultures, and languages across the African continent. It's important to note that this term is used for genetic and epidemiological research purposes and should not be used to make assumptions about an individual's personal identity, culture, or experiences.

It's also worth noting that there is significant genetic diversity within Africa, and using a single category to describe all individuals with African ancestry can oversimplify this diversity. Therefore, it's more accurate and informative to specify the particular population or region of African ancestry when discussing genetic research or health outcomes.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Epidemiologic methods are systematic approaches used to investigate and understand the distribution, determinants, and outcomes of health-related events or diseases in a population. These methods are applied to study the patterns of disease occurrence and transmission, identify risk factors and causes, and evaluate interventions for prevention and control. The core components of epidemiologic methods include:

1. Descriptive Epidemiology: This involves the systematic collection and analysis of data on the who, what, when, and where of health events to describe their distribution in a population. It includes measures such as incidence, prevalence, mortality, and morbidity rates, as well as geographic and temporal patterns.

2. Analytical Epidemiology: This involves the use of statistical methods to examine associations between potential risk factors and health outcomes. It includes observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) and experimental studies (randomized controlled trials). The goal is to identify causal relationships and quantify the strength of associations.

3. Experimental Epidemiology: This involves the design and implementation of interventions or experiments to test hypotheses about disease prevention and control. It includes randomized controlled trials, community trials, and other experimental study designs.

4. Surveillance and Monitoring: This involves ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data for early detection, tracking, and response to health events or diseases.

5. Ethical Considerations: Epidemiologic studies must adhere to ethical principles such as respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. This includes obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, and minimizing harm to study participants.

Overall, epidemiologic methods provide a framework for investigating and understanding the complex interplay between host, agent, and environmental factors that contribute to the occurrence of health-related events or diseases in populations.

Data collection in the medical context refers to the systematic gathering of information relevant to a specific research question or clinical situation. This process involves identifying and recording data elements, such as demographic characteristics, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory results, and imaging studies, from various sources including patient interviews, medical records, and diagnostic tests. The data collected is used to support clinical decision-making, inform research hypotheses, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. It is essential that data collection is performed in a standardized and unbiased manner to ensure the validity and reliability of the results.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Australia" is not a medical term or concept. It is the world's largest island and smallest continent, located in the Southern Hemisphere, surrounded by the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is composed of many diverse ecosystems, including deserts, rainforests, and coastal areas, and is home to a wide variety of unique plant and animal species.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer them for you!

Mortality, in medical terms, refers to the state or condition of being mortal; the quality or fact of being subject to death. It is often used in reference to the mortality rate, which is the number of deaths in a specific population, divided by the size of that population, per a given time period. This can be used as a measure of the risk of death among a population.

"Food habits" refer to the established patterns or behaviors that individuals develop in relation to their food choices and eating behaviors. These habits can include preferences for certain types of foods, meal timing, portion sizes, and dining experiences. Food habits are influenced by a variety of factors including cultural background, personal beliefs, taste preferences, social norms, and economic resources. They can have significant impacts on an individual's nutritional status, overall health, and quality of life.

It is important to note that while "food habits" may not be a formal medical term, it is often used in the context of nutrition and public health research and interventions to describe the behaviors related to food choices and eating patterns.

A stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is a serious medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to deprivation of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells. This can result in the death of brain tissue and cause permanent damage or temporary impairment to cognitive functions, speech, memory, movement, and other body functions controlled by the affected area of the brain.

Strokes can be caused by either a blockage in an artery that supplies blood to the brain (ischemic stroke) or the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). A transient ischemic attack (TIA), also known as a "mini-stroke," is a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain that lasts only a few minutes and does not cause permanent damage.

Symptoms of a stroke may include sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg; difficulty speaking or understanding speech; vision problems; loss of balance or coordination; severe headache with no known cause; and confusion or disorientation. Immediate medical attention is crucial for stroke patients to receive appropriate treatment and prevent long-term complications.

"Random allocation," also known as "random assignment" or "randomization," is a process used in clinical trials and other research studies to distribute participants into different intervention groups (such as experimental group vs. control group) in a way that minimizes selection bias and ensures the groups are comparable at the start of the study.

In random allocation, each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, and the assignment is typically made using a computer-generated randomization schedule or other objective methods. This process helps to ensure that any differences between the groups are due to the intervention being tested rather than pre-existing differences in the participants' characteristics.

Medical mass screening, also known as population screening, is a public health service that aims to identify and detect asymptomatic individuals in a given population who have or are at risk of a specific disease. The goal is to provide early treatment, reduce morbidity and mortality, and prevent the spread of diseases within the community.

A mass screening program typically involves offering a simple, quick, and non-invasive test to a large number of people in a defined population, regardless of their risk factors or symptoms. Those who test positive are then referred for further diagnostic tests and appropriate medical interventions. Examples of mass screening programs include mammography for breast cancer detection, PSA (prostate-specific antigen) testing for prostate cancer, and fecal occult blood testing for colorectal cancer.

It is important to note that mass screening programs should be evidence-based, cost-effective, and ethically sound, with clear benefits outweighing potential harms. They should also consider factors such as the prevalence of the disease in the population, the accuracy and reliability of the screening test, and the availability and effectiveness of treatment options.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geography" is not a term that has a medical definition. Geography is a field of study that deals with the location and distribution of physical and cultural features on Earth's surface, as well as how humans interact with and affect those features. It is not a concept that is typically used in a medical context. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

The Chi-square distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is often used in statistical hypothesis testing. It is the distribution of a sum of squares of k independent standard normal random variables. The resulting quantity follows a chi-square distribution with k degrees of freedom, denoted as χ²(k).

The probability density function (pdf) of the Chi-square distribution with k degrees of freedom is given by:

f(x; k) = (1/ (2^(k/2) * Γ(k/2))) \* x^((k/2)-1) \* e^(-x/2), for x > 0 and 0, otherwise.

Where Γ(k/2) is the gamma function evaluated at k/2. The mean and variance of a Chi-square distribution with k degrees of freedom are k and 2k, respectively.

The Chi-square distribution has various applications in statistical inference, including testing goodness-of-fit, homogeneity of variances, and independence in contingency tables.

A cohort study is a type of observational study in which a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure are followed up over time to determine the incidence of a specific outcome or outcomes. The cohort, or group, is defined based on the exposure status (e.g., exposed vs. unexposed) and then monitored prospectively to assess for the development of new health events or conditions.

Cohort studies can be either prospective or retrospective in design. In a prospective cohort study, participants are enrolled and followed forward in time from the beginning of the study. In contrast, in a retrospective cohort study, researchers identify a cohort that has already been assembled through medical records, insurance claims, or other sources and then look back in time to assess exposure status and health outcomes.

Cohort studies are useful for establishing causality between an exposure and an outcome because they allow researchers to observe the temporal relationship between the two. They can also provide information on the incidence of a disease or condition in different populations, which can be used to inform public health policy and interventions. However, cohort studies can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, and they may be subject to bias if participants are not representative of the population or if there is loss to follow-up.

Risk assessment in the medical context refers to the process of identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing risks to patients, healthcare workers, or the community related to healthcare delivery. It involves determining the likelihood and potential impact of adverse events or hazards, such as infectious diseases, medication errors, or medical devices failures, and implementing measures to mitigate or manage those risks. The goal of risk assessment is to promote safe and high-quality care by identifying areas for improvement and taking action to minimize harm.

Multivariate analysis is a statistical method used to examine the relationship between multiple independent variables and a dependent variable. It allows for the simultaneous examination of the effects of two or more independent variables on an outcome, while controlling for the effects of other variables in the model. This technique can be used to identify patterns, associations, and interactions among multiple variables, and is commonly used in medical research to understand complex health outcomes and disease processes. Examples of multivariate analysis methods include multiple regression, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis.

The "cause of death" is a medical determination of the disease, injury, or event that directly results in a person's death. This information is typically documented on a death certificate and may be used for public health surveillance, research, and legal purposes. The cause of death is usually determined by a physician based on their clinical judgment and any available medical evidence, such as laboratory test results, autopsy findings, or eyewitness accounts. In some cases, the cause of death may be uncertain or unknown, and the death may be classified as "natural," "accidental," "homicide," or "suicide" based on the available information.

Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal studies, are a type of cohort study in which data is collected forward in time, following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure over a period of time. The researchers clearly define the study population and exposure of interest at the beginning of the study and follow up with the participants to determine the outcomes that develop over time. This type of study design allows for the investigation of causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as the identification of risk factors and the estimation of disease incidence rates. Prospective studies are particularly useful in epidemiology and medical research when studying diseases with long latency periods or rare outcomes.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. The airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment.

The underlying cause of asthma involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors that result in hypersensitivity of the airways to certain triggers, such as allergens, irritants, viruses, exercise, and emotional stress. When these triggers are encountered, the airways constrict due to smooth muscle spasm, swell due to inflammation, and produce excess mucus, leading to the characteristic symptoms of asthma.

Asthma is typically managed with a combination of medications that include bronchodilators to relax the airway muscles, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and leukotriene modifiers or mast cell stabilizers to prevent allergic reactions. Avoiding triggers and monitoring symptoms are also important components of asthma management.

There are several types of asthma, including allergic asthma, non-allergic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, occupational asthma, and nocturnal asthma, each with its own set of triggers and treatment approaches. Proper diagnosis and management of asthma can help prevent exacerbations, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.

In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.

The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.

Feces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, along with bacteria and other waste products. After being stored in the colon, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during defecation. Feces can vary in color, consistency, and odor depending on a person's diet, health status, and other factors.

Comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional health conditions or diseases alongside a primary illness or condition. These co-occurring health issues can have an impact on the treatment plan, prognosis, and overall healthcare management of an individual. Comorbidities often interact with each other and the primary condition, leading to more complex clinical situations and increased healthcare needs. It is essential for healthcare professionals to consider and address comorbidities to provide comprehensive care and improve patient outcomes.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection is a viral illness that progressively attacks and weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to other infections and diseases. The virus primarily infects CD4+ T cells, a type of white blood cell essential for fighting off infections. Over time, as the number of these immune cells declines, the body becomes increasingly vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers.

HIV infection has three stages:

1. Acute HIV infection: This is the initial stage that occurs within 2-4 weeks after exposure to the virus. During this period, individuals may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, rash, swollen glands, and muscle aches. The virus replicates rapidly, and the viral load in the body is very high.
2. Chronic HIV infection (Clinical latency): This stage follows the acute infection and can last several years if left untreated. Although individuals may not show any symptoms during this phase, the virus continues to replicate at low levels, and the immune system gradually weakens. The viral load remains relatively stable, but the number of CD4+ T cells declines over time.
3. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): This is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely damaged immune system and numerous opportunistic infections or cancers. At this stage, the CD4+ T cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3 of blood.

It's important to note that with proper antiretroviral therapy (ART), individuals with HIV infection can effectively manage the virus, maintain a healthy immune system, and significantly reduce the risk of transmission to others. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving long-term health outcomes and reducing the spread of HIV.

Health behavior can be defined as a series of actions and decisions that individuals take to protect, maintain or promote their health and well-being. These behaviors can include activities such as engaging in regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, getting sufficient sleep, practicing safe sex, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and managing stress.

Health behaviors are influenced by various factors, including knowledge and attitudes towards health, beliefs and values, cultural norms, social support networks, environmental factors, and individual genetic predispositions. Understanding health behaviors is essential for developing effective public health interventions and promoting healthy lifestyles to prevent chronic diseases and improve overall quality of life.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Exercise is defined in the medical context as a physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive, with the primary aim of improving or maintaining one or more components of physical fitness. Components of physical fitness include cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Exercise can be classified based on its intensity (light, moderate, or vigorous), duration (length of time), and frequency (number of times per week). Common types of exercise include aerobic exercises, such as walking, jogging, cycling, and swimming; resistance exercises, such as weightlifting; flexibility exercises, such as stretching; and balance exercises. Exercise has numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of chronic diseases, improving mental health, and enhancing overall quality of life.

Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessels. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is given as two figures:

1. Systolic pressure: This is the pressure when the heart pushes blood out into the arteries.
2. Diastolic pressure: This is the pressure when the heart rests between beats, allowing it to fill with blood.

Normal blood pressure for adults is typically around 120/80 mmHg, although this can vary slightly depending on age, sex, and other factors. High blood pressure (hypertension) is generally considered to be a reading of 130/80 mmHg or higher, while low blood pressure (hypotension) is usually defined as a reading below 90/60 mmHg. It's important to note that blood pressure can fluctuate throughout the day and may be affected by factors such as stress, physical activity, and medication use.

Longitudinal studies are a type of research design where data is collected from the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time, often years or even decades. These studies are used to establish patterns of changes and events over time, and can help researchers identify causal relationships between variables. They are particularly useful in fields such as epidemiology, psychology, and sociology, where the focus is on understanding developmental trends and the long-term effects of various factors on health and behavior.

In medical research, longitudinal studies can be used to track the progression of diseases over time, identify risk factors for certain conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. For example, a longitudinal study might follow a group of individuals over several decades to assess their exposure to certain environmental factors and their subsequent development of chronic diseases such as cancer or heart disease. By comparing data collected at multiple time points, researchers can identify trends and correlations that may not be apparent in shorter-term studies.

Longitudinal studies have several advantages over other research designs, including their ability to establish temporal relationships between variables, track changes over time, and reduce the impact of confounding factors. However, they also have some limitations, such as the potential for attrition (loss of participants over time), which can introduce bias and affect the validity of the results. Additionally, longitudinal studies can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, requiring significant resources and a long-term commitment from both researchers and study participants.

The following table is the list of urban areas by Azerbaijani population. Azerbaijani population Azerbaijani diaspora Vaezi, ... "The population of Iranian cities". Statistical Center of Iran. 14 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-10-02. ...
The following table is the list of urban areas with the largest Armenian population, including in Armenia and the disputed ... Armenia is a monoethnic country, where according to the 2011 census, 98.1% of the population are ethnic Armenians. In urban ... "Total population by regions and ethnicity". 2014 General Population Census. National Statistics Office of Georgia. Archived ... Բնակչությունն ըստ ազգության, սեռի և տարիքի [City of Yerevan, permanent population. Population by nationality, sex age age]" ( ...
... dependencies by population Urbanization by sovereign state Urban population by country 2017 World Bank Data Urban population ( ... This is a list of countries by urban population. List of countries and ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Lists of countries by population, World ...
"Urban population (% of total)". The World Bank. Retrieved 11 August 2015. (Articles with short description, Short description ... countries by military expenditure as a percentage of government expenditure European countries by percent of population aged 0- ...
This is a list of urban areas in Finland by population, with the 100 largest localities or urban areas in Finland on 31 ... Finland portal Urban areas in Finland List of cities and towns in Finland List of Finnish municipalities by population List of ... The list is based on data from Statistics Finland that defines an urban area as a cluster of dwellings with at least 200 ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Lists of urban areas, Cities and towns in ...
... regions of Norway List of urban areas in Sweden by population List of urban areas in Denmark by population List of urban areas ... This is a list of urban areas in Norway by population, with population numbers as of 1 January 2017. For a list of towns and ... The continuously built-up areas in Norway (urban areas) with the highest population are: List of municipalities of Norway ... "Population and land area in urban settlements". Includes parts of Øvre Eiker, Lier and Røyken. Includes a part of the ...
"Population distribution by selected age groups, sex and governorate according to final results of 2017 Pop.Census ( ... This is a list of the largest urban agglomerations in Africa. Figures are from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects ... Lists of cities in Africa, mostly by country List of cities in Africa by population Africa portal Cities portal Geography ... "The largest cities in the world by land area, population and density". City Mayors. 6 January 2007. Archived from the original ...
... areas in Sweden List of urban areas in Sweden by population List of urban areas in Norway by population List of urban areas in ... "Urban Areas: Statistical presentation". dst.dk. Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 4 June 2023. "BY1: Population 1. January by urban ... This is a list of urban areas in Denmark by population. For a list on cities in Denmark please see List of cities in Denmark by ... The population is measured by Statistics Denmark for urban areas (Danish: byområder or bymæssige områder), which is defined as ...
This article lists urban areas of New Zealand-as defined by Statistics New Zealand-ranked by population. Only the 150 largest ... urban areas) "Age and sex by ethnic group (grouped total response), for census usually resident population counts, 2006, 2013, ... territorial authorities); "Subnational population estimates (urban rural), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2022 (2022 ... Urban areas are defined by the Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018 (SSGA18). List of cities in New Zealand List of ...
... with a total population in excess of 125,000. The population figures are based on the cumulative total population of the ... This is a list of primary urban areas in England ordered by population, based on data from the United Kingdom Census 2001: it ... "Urban Audit - City Profiles: Wolverhampton". Urban Audit. Archived from the original on 2008-06-26. Retrieved 2008-10-05. State ... It should not be confused with 'urban areas' or 'built-up areas' that are more rigorously defined by the Office for National ...
"INDIA : urban population". www.populstat.info. The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. 2002. p. 469. ISBN 9781857431339 ... 1961 Population: 412,000. 1971 Population: 513,000. 1980 Jawahar Planetarium was built. 1981 Population: 642,200. 1985 First ... Population: 183,900. 1941 Population: 260,600. 1942 Prayag Kumbh Mela banned by the British Government due to fears of Japanese ... 2001 Population: 990,298. 2004 New Yamuna Bridge was completed. 2011 Population: 1,117,094. 2013 10 February: An estimated 30 ...
General Census of the population and habitat). In 1988, the population of the urban district of Annaba had increased to 359,657 ... "ALGERIA: urban population". populstat.info/. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. "Annaba Climate Normals for 1991-2020 ... With a population of about 464,740 (2019) and 1,000,000 for the metropolitan area, Annaba is the third-largest city and the ... Annaba has a metropolitan area with a higher population density than the other metropolitan areas of the Algerian coastline, ...
population: 9000 )". Church urban fund. Retrieved 12 May 2013.[permanent dead link] "History of New Clee". A Vision of Britain ... According to the Church Urban Fund this is one of the most deprived areas in the country. Blundell Park football ground is in ...
1964 - Population: 123,558 city; 157,017 urban agglomeration. 1970 - Moldova Mall in business.[relevant?] 1977 - Population: ... 264,947 city; 284,308 urban agglomeration. 1992 - Population: 344,425. 1995 - Polirom publisher in business.[relevant?] 2000 - ... Population: 78,067. 1906 - Toynbee Hall Association founded. 1916 Capital of Kingdom of Romania relocated to Iași from ... 1948 - Population: 94,075. 1949 - Puppet Theatre opens. 1950 - Gara Nicolina [ro] (railway station) built. 1956 - Romanian ...
1976 - Population: 164,785 city; 229,977 urban agglomeration. 1986 - Population: 272,499. 1996 - Population: 401,281. 2007 - ... 1940 - Population: 103,874. 1952 - Avicenna Mausoleum erected. 1963 - Population: 114,610 (estimate). 1970 - Baba Taher ... "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical ... 1920 - Population: 30,000-40,000 (approximate estimate). 1932 - Hamadan power plant [fa] built.[citation needed] 1933 - City ...
"ALGERIA: urban population". www.populstat.info. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Media related to Biskra at ... It has a population density of 1,612.0 inhabitants per square meter. The population of Biskra are called Biskri. As in the rest ... The city covers an area of 127.55 km2 (49.25 sq mi). It has a population of 307,987 and is the 10th most populous city. ... In 2007, its population was recorded as 307,987. Biskra is located in northeastern Algeria, about 248 miles (399 km) from ...
"City Population > Cities & Urban Municipalities". Central Bureau of Statistics Nepal (data). Retrieved October 12, 2018. "Seven ... Total population of Lekhnath was 71,434 per 2011 census. Composition of the population was 86% Hindu, 8% Buddhist and 6% others ... According to another statistics by the Population Census (C), Lekhnath has seen population changes from 30,107 as of 22 June ... Urban Municipalities" will show the population statistics as well as the status of the location you selected (city/municipality ...
"C-01: Population by religious community - Sri Ganganagar district". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 15 June 2022. "INDIA : urban ... As of the 2011 Census of India[update] the population of Bikaner city was 644,406 placing it in the top 70 major cities of ... "Bikaner City Population Census 2011". www.census2011.co.in. Government of India. "52nd Report of the Commissioner for ... Majority of the population of the city follows Hinduism, with followers of Islam a large minority. The city has a substantial ...
"SLOVAKIA: urban population". Archived from the original on 2013-11-02. Retrieved 2007-09-29. Lacika, "Bratislava", p. 36 Peter ... In 1938, 59% of population were Slovaks or Czechs, while Germans represented 22% and Hungarians 13% of the city's population. ... Similarly, the apparent population of Slovaks "jumped" from 14.42% in 1910 to 33% in 1919, but this may have reflected changing ... "POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 2001 - Tab. 3a". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2009-11-06 ...
Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 17 March 2023. "EGYPT: urban population". www. ... Located approximately 30 km from Alexandria, the municipality has a population of about 265,300 inhabitants and comprises a ...
Population: 1,096,000 (urban agglomeration). 2003 Maputo Port Development Company established. July: City hosts African Union ... Population: 383,775 urban agglomeration. 1974 - 24 September: Mozambique Liberation Front in power. 1974 - Alberto Massavanhane ... Population: 776,000 (urban agglomeration). 1993 - Fórum Mulher founded. 1996 Maputo Development Corridor launched. Instituto ... Population: 1,111,638 (city); 1,766,184 (urban agglomeration). 2008 - February: Economic riots. 2009 - David Simango becomes ...
Population: 1,292,647 urban area.(da) 1977 12 December: World's "first AIDS victim" dies in Copenhagen. Frieboeshvile restored ... Population: 1,213,882 urban area.(da) 2014 - Cykelslangen (bike bridge) opens in Havneholmen. 2015 - 14-15 February: 2015 ... Population: 584,089.(da) 1912 - Theatre Museum in the Court Theatre founded. 1913 Dansk Statens Arkiv for Historiske Film og ... 1840 - Population: 120,819.(da) 1843 Tivoli Gardens opens. Tivoli Orchestra formed. 1845 - Copenhagen co-host a nordic student ...
"Wednesfield Urban District population". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 24 July 2008. "St.Thomas's Church". Wolverhampton History ... minus Wednesfield Heath and part of what became Short Heath Urban District) became an urban district within the administrative ... With the exception of a loss of 24 acres (with a census population of 224) to the County Borough of Wolverhampton in 1933, the ... "Wednesfield South Ward, Wolverhampton MBC population 2011". Retrieved 20 December 2015. Hope, Robert Charles (1883). A glossary ...
"Urban population (% of total)". World Bank. Retrieved 9 April 2014. Muller, S (2013). "Urbanization, infrastructure and ... There are significant opportunities to improve energy efficiency in urban areas, where 73% of Malaysia's population live. and ...
As of 2001, the population of Kharkiv Oblast is as follows: 78.5% living in urban areas, and 21.5% living in rural areas. ... "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 , English version , Results , General results of the census , Urban and rural population ... The first independent all-Ukrainian population census was conducted in December 2001, and the next all-Ukrainian population ... It has a population of 1,421,125 (2022 estimate). Kharkiv was founded in 1654 as a fortress, and grew to become a major centre ...
Population: 45,909 urban agglomeration. 1968 - Leon Mebiame Mba becomes mayor. 1970 - National University of Gabon established ... 2013 - Population: 703,939 urban agglomeration. 2014 - Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda becomes mayor. 2016 - 31 August: Post- ... "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical ... "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics ...
Population: 1,730,253 urban agglomeration. 1975 Islamic Foundation Bangladesh formed. 15 August: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is ... Population: 450,000 (estimate). 1781 - Armenian Church built. 1793 - Laxmi Narayan Mandir (temple) built. 1800 - Population: ... 2008 - Population: 7,000,940. 2011 Hay Festival begins. Population: 8,906,035. 2012 April: Demonstration. Dhaka Gladiators ... 1840 - Population bottoms out at 50,000. 1846 - Union School is established to give the poor an English education. 1850 - ...
Population: 8,767,000 (urban agglomeration). 16 November: Fire at Ebute Metta. 2006 2006 Lagos building collapses The Nation ... Population: 4,764,000 (urban agglomeration). 1991 Federal government relocates from Lagos to Abuja. Tell Magazine begins ... Population: 1,060,848 city; 1,476,837 urban agglomeration. 1976 - National Arts Theatre built. 1977 Second World African ... Population: 5,966,000 (urban agglomeration). 1996 Babington Macaulay Junior Seminary established. Tastee Fried Chicken opens in ...
Only Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia experienced a decline in population. "Population Urban and Rural". Statistics Canada ... The total population count was 10,376,379 representing a 17.9% increase over the 1911 census population count of 8,800,249. The ... The Canada 1931 census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. The census count was taken as at June 1, 1931. ... "Historical Statistics of Canada: Population and Migration". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 15 November 2016. (1931 in Canada, ...
Population: 46,735 city; 123,332 urban agglomeration. 1962 - Kampala becomes capital of Uganda. 1963 - City becomes part of ... Population: 330,700 urban agglomeration. 1970 - Crested Towers built. 1971 - 25 January: Coup. 1975 July: Organisation of ... Urban planning in Africa and the politics of implementation: contrasting patterns of state intervention in Kampala and Kigali ... 2010). African Urban Harvest: Agriculture in the Cities of Cameroon, Kenya and Uganda. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-6249-2. ( ...
The following table is the list of urban areas with the largest Armenian population, including in Armenia and the disputed ... Armenia is a monoethnic country, where according to the 2011 census, 98.1% of the population are ethnic Armenians. In urban ... "Total population by regions and ethnicity". 2014 General Population Census. National Statistics Office of Georgia. Archived ... Բնակչությունն ըստ ազգության, սեռի և տարիքի [City of Yerevan, permanent population. Population by nationality, sex age age]" ( ...
Individuals who create definitions for themselves on the website Urban Dictionary dot com. Usually these definitions pertain to ... A few members of the Urban Population. Definition for Joey: The hottest sexiest thing alive. I wanna lick his face off.. ... Individuals who create definitions for themselves on the website Urban Dictionary dot com. Usually these definitions pertain to ...
... accounting for some 66.7 percent of the countrys total population. ... The urban population in Angola was estimated in nearly 22 million people in 2020, ... Premium Statistic Urban population South Asia 2022, by country. * Premium Statistic Urban population East Asia 2021, by country ... Premium Statistic Population of Istanbul in Turkey 2007-2022. * Basic Statistic Share of population living in urban areas in ...
... of total population) - Viet Nam from The World Bank: Data ... Urban population (% of total population) - Viet Nam. United ...
... have served in the military than their urban counterparts. ... Because it is a survey based on a sample of the population ... Current Population Survey (CPS) Economic Census International Programs Metro and Micro Areas Population Estimates Population ... Income and Poverty International Trade Migration/Geographic Mobility Population Population Estimates Public Sector Race ... Economic Census International Programs Metro and Micro Areas Population Estimates Population Projections Small Area Income and ...
From ∼1000 individuals of a founder population in Quebec, we reveal a substantial impact of the environment on the ... Favé, MJ., Lamaze, F.C., Soave, D. et al. Gene-by-environment interactions in urban populations modulate risk phenotypes. Nat ... Gene-by-environment interactions in urban populations modulate risk phenotypes. *Marie-Julie Favé1,2, ... Fine-scale population genetic structure within Quebec. To unveil finer scale patterns of population structure, i.e., ...
... has three main urban centers - Yerevan, Tbilisi and Baku. Rural population is primarily distributed on the plains and coasts. ... Demography of the Caucausus ecoregion, rural and urban population. The Caucasus ecoregion, which includes the countries of ... Rural population is primarily distributed on the plains and coasts. Year: 2008 ... Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia, and parts of Russia, Turkey and Iran, has three main urban centers - Yerevan, Tbilisi and Baku ...
People , Urban and rural , Urban population per thousand people: Countries Compared *Home ... People , Urban and rural , Urban population per thousand people: Countries Compared Map ... Interesting observations about People , Urban and rural , Urban population per thousand people. ... DEFINITION: Total population living in urban areas by country. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year. ...
Rural population grows at faster rate than metro areas for the first time on record ... The population of Kelowna, B.C., grew 2.6 per cent (or nearly 6,000) over the most recent year, the quickest pace out of ... Over all, the population in Canadas metro areas grew by just 0.5 per cent and was outpaced by expansion in rural areas (places ... The populations of Toronto and Montreal declined over a portion of the pandemic as immigration waned and more residents fled ...
This statistic shows the percentage of the urban population with access to tap water in China in selected years from 1990 to ... Water consumption in urban China 2020, by region. *Coverage rate of the urban population in China with access to tap water 2021 ... Premium Statistic Water consumption in urban China 2020, by region. * Premium Statistic Coverage rate of the urban population ... Urban population with access to tap water in China 1990-2022 Published by C. Textor, Nov 20, 2023 ...
Urban population exposure to pollution levels above EU limit values This website has limited functionality with javascript off ... data-and-maps/figures/ga-downloads/C0876900-283D-4518-80C6-3478E5F91EDE/urban-population-exposure-to-pollution-levels-above-eu- ... www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/urban-population-exposure-to-pollution-levels-above-eu-limit-values or scan the QR code ... Sustainable financeTextilesTransport and mobilityUrban sustainabilityWaste and recyclingWater ...
Population and society. Population structure 2021, urban settlements. database release 13/01/2023. , Population structure 2021 ... Population in urban settlements and sparsely populated areas by age, sex and municipality(. External link. ). ... Population structure [. online publication. ]. Reference period. : 2021. . Helsinki. : Statistics Finland. [. Referenced. : ...
Urban District, Russia) with population statistics, charts, map and location. ... Population. Census. 2010-10-14. Population. Census. 2021-10-01. Gajskij [Gaysky]. Urban District. Гайский городской округ. ... Urban District in Volga Federal District. Contents: Population. The population development of Gajskij as well as related ...
Urban Commune, Poland) with population statistics, charts, map and location. ... Urban Commune in Subcarpathia Voivodeship. Contents: Population. The population development of Dynów as well as related ... Population. Census. 2002-05-20. Population. Census. 2011-03-31. Population. Census. 2021-03-31. ...
Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using ... Aggregation of urban and rural population may not add up to total population because of different country coverages. ... Topic Overview Largest Countries by Population U.S. States by Population U.S. and World Cities by Population ... World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects. ...
The importance of being welcoming to immigrants is increasingly important to the stabilization of urban areas that have ... I compared the change in the foreign-born population to overall population change. Heres what I found:. *Only four of those ... 12 cities experienced both population growth and foreign-born population growth. Of those twelve, in six cities, the foreign- ... The other 18 cities experienced growth in their foreign-born populations.. *Six cities still experienced overall population ...
... and the burden of undiagnosed diabetes in the immigrant population and whether ... The proportion of diabetes that remained undiagnosed was estimated to be 9.7% in the general population and 9.0% in immigrants. ... Results - Screening rates were slightly higher in the immigrant versus the general population (76.0 and 74.4%, respectively; P ... Research Design and Methods - A population-based retrospective cohort linking administrative health data to immigration files ...
Municipalities in Urban Localities with population statistics, charts and maps. ... Contents: Urban Localities. The urban population of all urban localities in the State of Barinas by census years. ... The population of all municipalities in the State of Barinas by census years. ...
... and paper records from the local coroner and fire stations were screened in a deprived urban area between June 1996 and May ...
Pulmonary asbestos fiber in an urban population in Spain. María-Isabel Velasco-García, María-Jesús Cruz, Carmen Diego, Mª ... Pulmonary asbestos fiber in an urban population in Spain. María-Isabel Velasco-García, María-Jesús Cruz, Carmen Diego, Mª ... Pulmonary asbestos fiber in an urban population in Spain. María-Isabel Velasco-García, María-Jesús Cruz, Carmen Diego, Mª ... Pulmonary asbestos fiber in an urban population in Spain Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from European ...
Urban-Rural Population and Land Area Estimates, v2 (1990, 2000, 2010, 2100) » Maps. Follow Us: Twitter Follow Us on Facebook ... Population & Land Area Estimates (2010): Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. Hi-Resolution: PDF , PNG ...
Aggregation of urban and rural population may not add up to total population because of different country coverages. ... It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects. ... Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. ... Aggregation of urban and rural population may not add up to total population because of different country coverages. *North ...
Half of Indias population will be living in urban areas by 2030, says Puri ... By 2030, 50 per cent of Indias population would reside in urban areas, said Hardeep Singh Puri, Minister of State (Independent ... half of the countrys population would be living in urban areas by 2030. ... Charge), Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. Speaking on the last day of the India Economic Summit, the Minister said as ...
Population by sex and urban/rural residence. Search glossaries. Source: Demographic Statistics Database , United Nations ... 1 - Based on the results of the 2014 Population Census.. 2 - Data refer to resident population which includes resident ... foreign-born and foreign population. The available Population and Housing Censuses datasets reported to UNSD for the censuses ... The Demographic Yearbook disseminates statistics on population size and composition, births, deaths, marriage and divorce, as ...
The urban Inuit population in 2021 amounted to 15 per cent of the total Inuit population, a 13 per cent increase since 2016. ... Urban Indigenous populations continue to grow: census 22 September 2022 By Matteo Cimellaro. Local Journalism Initiative ... The Indigenous population in urban centres with more than 100,000 people grew by 12.5 per cent since the last census in 2016. ... Torontos Indigenous population declined slightly.. About 421,000 First Nations peoples lived in large urban centres in 2021, ...
The Census said that Urban Honolulu makes up about 35.4 percent of Oahus total population. ... Newly-released Census estimates show that Urban Honolulus population dropped for a fourth consecutive year in 2018 ― to ... The Census said that Urban Honolulu makes up about 35.4 percent of Oahus total population. ... From 2010 to 2018, however, Urban Honolulus population was up overall by 2.9 percent. ...
... with population statistics, charts, map, location, weather and web information. ... Explanation: Urban areas are defined every 10 years using the previous census results; no later official population estimates ... Contents: Urban Area. The population development of Shelbyville as well as related information and services (weather, Wikipedia ... Population. Census. 2000-04-01. Population. Census. 2010-04-01. Population. Census. 2020-04-01. ...
Place and Opportunity: Using Federal Fair Housing Data to Examine Opportunity across US Regions and Populations Ruth Gourevitch ... We analyze data on neighborhood-level exposure to opportunity that the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) ... This brief highlights new connections between place and access to opportunity across regions and populations. ...
Urban population 36-45 Urban land area in square miles (1 expressed decimal) 36-55 Inside urbanized area - population 55-65 ... Character Item Description 1-2 FIPS State Code 3-5 FIPS County Code 6-15 April 1, 1990 Population Count 16-25 Land area in ...
Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Greece and ... Malta, are not included due to the geographical coverage of the Urban Audit. ... of urban population. Rights: EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for ... This page was archived on 20 Nov 2014 with reason: Other (New version data-and-maps/figures/percentage-of-urban-population- ...
  • Հայաստանի մշտական բնակչության թվաքանակը 2021 թվականի հունվարի 1-ի դրությամբ [The de jure population of Armenia as of January 1, 2021]" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Over the year ending July 1, 2021, Toronto's population dropped by about 16,600 and Montreal's by roughly 46,700, according to estimates published on Thursday by Statistics Canada. (theglobeandmail.com)
  • North Korea urban population for 2022 was 16,401,834 , a 0.81% increase from 2021. (macrotrends.net)
  • North Korea urban population for 2021 was 16,269,323 , a 0.82% increase from 2020. (macrotrends.net)
  • Indigenous Peoples are now more likely to live in large urban centres than they were five years ago, according to the 2021 census from Statistics Canada. (fftimes.com)
  • About 421,000 First Nations peoples lived in large urban centres in 2021, accounting for 40 per cent of the total First Nations population. (fftimes.com)
  • The urban Inuit population in 2021 amounted to 15 per cent of the total Inuit population, a 13 per cent increase since 2016. (fftimes.com)
  • We combine long-term decade population data for the historical counties (1860-2020) with detailed annual population observations for municipalities (1968-2021). (lu.se)
  • The topic, already well-documented, is set out very precisely in a report published in the American journal PNAS ( Global urban population exposure to extreme heat ) in October 2021. (theagilityeffect.com)
  • What was Bulgaria's Bulgaria Population: Urban: 15 to 19 Years in 2021? (ceicdata.com)
  • Ecuador urban population for 2022 was 11,623,246 , a 1.47% increase from 2021. (macrotrends.net)
  • Ecuador urban population for 2021 was 11,454,802 , a 1.5% increase from 2020. (macrotrends.net)
  • Palau urban population for 2022 was 14,797 , a 0.76% increase from 2021. (macrotrends.net)
  • Palau urban population for 2021 was 14,686 , a 0.9% increase from 2020. (macrotrends.net)
  • Data for the poorest and most vulnerable populations in urban slums is often limited. (iussp.org)
  • ABSTRACT Geographic information systems (GIS) analysis has not been widely used in underdeveloped countries to ensure that vulnerable populations have accessibility to primary health-care services. (who.int)
  • The urban population in Angola was estimated in nearly 22 million people in 2020, accounting for some 66.7 percent of the country's total population. (statista.com)
  • North Korea urban population for 2020 was 16,136,385 , a 0.83% increase from 2019. (macrotrends.net)
  • Ecuador urban population for 2020 was 11,285,898 , a 1.7% increase from 2019. (macrotrends.net)
  • Palau urban population for 2020 was 14,555 , a 0.96% increase from 2019. (macrotrends.net)
  • Data for urban density 2020 was not collected due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. (tracking-progress.org)
  • This statistic shows the percentage of the urban population with access to tap water in China in selected years from 1990 to 2022. (statista.com)
  • In 2022, around 99.4 percent of the urban Chinese population had access to tap water. (statista.com)
  • Bulgaria Population: Urban: 15 to 19 Years data was reported at 222,914.000 Person in 2022. (ceicdata.com)
  • Bulgaria Population: Urban: 15 to 19 Years data is updated yearly, averaging 308,578.500 Person from Dec 1995 to 2022, with 28 observations. (ceicdata.com)
  • These estimates, the first to give us a look at a subprovincial level for an entire year of the COVID-19 pandemic, tell of an accelerating trend in migration from large urban centres, leaving their continued growth largely supported by international migration," Statscan said on Thursday. (theglobeandmail.com)
  • It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects. (macrotrends.net)
  • Objective - To examine diabetes screening, predictors of screening, and the burden of undiagnosed diabetes in the immigrant population and whether these estimates differ by ethnicity. (ices.on.ca)
  • Joël Lamoureux, communications manager for Tungasuvvingat Inuit (an urban Inuit service provider based out of Ottawa and Toronto), estimates the Inuit population in Ottawa-Gatineau is likely more than double what the census numbers reflect - over 3,500. (fftimes.com)
  • Newly-released Census estimates show that Urban Honolulu's population dropped for a fourth consecutive year in 2018 ― to 347,397. (hawaiinewsnow.com)
  • no later official population estimates are available. (citypopulation.de)
  • Managing urban areas has become one of the most important development challenges of the 21st century," said John Wilmoth, Director of the Population Division, who spoke to the press at headquarters today, along with François Pelletier, Chief of the Population Estimates and Projections Section. (un.org)
  • The intercensal estimates for 1990-2000 for the United States population are produced by converting the 1990-2000 postcensal estimates prepared previously for the U. S. to account for differences between the postcensal estimates in 2000 and census counts (error of closure). (stlouisfed.org)
  • The postcensal estimates for 1990 to 2000 were produced by updating the resident population enumerated in the 1990 census by estimates of the components of population change between April 1, 1990 and April 1, 2000-- births to U.S. resident women, deaths to U.S. residents, net international migration (incl legal & residual foreign born), and net movement of the U.S. armed forces and civilian citizens to the United States. (stlouisfed.org)
  • The current estimates of Kannur urban area is based on past growth rate. (census2011.co.in)
  • Our estimates indicate that single and multiple falls affect a substantial proportion of adults in the urban population . (bvsalud.org)
  • The following table is the list of urban areas with the largest Armenian population, including in Armenia and the disputed Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), and the Armenian diaspora. (wikipedia.org)
  • DEC. 8, 2016 - People who live in rural areas are more likely to own their own homes, live in their state of birth and have served in the military than their urban counterparts, according to the latest data from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey . (census.gov)
  • Rural areas cover 97 percent of the nation's land area but contain 19.3 percent of the population (about 60 million people)," Census Bureau Director John H. Thompson said. (census.gov)
  • Most adults in both rural and urban areas owned their own homes but the percentage was higher in rural areas (81.1 percent compared with 59.8 percent). (census.gov)
  • Veterans comprised 10.4 percent of the population of adults in rural areas compared with 7.8 percent of adults in urban areas. (census.gov)
  • Adults in rural areas had a median age of 51, making them older compared with adults in urban areas with a median age of 45. (census.gov)
  • Rural communities had fewer adults born in other countries compared with those in urban areas (4.0 percent compared with 19.0 percent). (census.gov)
  • Compared with households in urban areas, rural households had lower median household income ($52,386 compared with $54,296), lower median home values ($151,300 compared with $190,900), and lower monthly housing costs for households paying a mortgage ($1,271 compared with $1,561). (census.gov)
  • Total population living in urban areas by country. (nationmaster.com)
  • Over all, the population in Canada's metro areas grew by just 0.5 per cent and was outpaced by expansion in rural areas (places with fewer than 10,000 residents in their most densely populated parts) for the first time on record. (theglobeandmail.com)
  • Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. (macrotrends.net)
  • The importance of being welcoming, particularly to immigrants, becomes increasingly important when we are talking about the stabilization of urban areas that experienced declines over previous decades. (michiganfuture.org)
  • By 2030, 50 per cent of India's population would reside in urban areas, said Hardeep Singh Puri, Minister of State (Independent Charge), Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • Speaking on the last day of the India Economic Summit, the Minister said as globalisation and urbanisation were becoming integral in the present scenario, half of the country's population would be living in urban areas by 2030. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • The census highlights the booming Indigenous population in urban areas - a demographic Indigenous Services Canada must acknowledge and provide supports for," Elmer St. Pierre, national chief of the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples, told Canada's National Observer . (fftimes.com)
  • For references , please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/percentage-of-urban-population-resident-in-areas-where-pollutant-concentrations-are-higher-than-selected-limit-target-values-eea-member-countries-2 or scan the QR code. (europa.eu)
  • An additional 2.5 billion people are predicted to live in urban areas by 2050, the United Nations today reported, highlighting the need for a successful urban planning agenda and greater attention to be given to smaller cities where nearly half of all people currently reside. (un.org)
  • Today, 54 per cent of the world's population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 66 per cent by 2050," the Population Division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs said in its 2014 revision of the World Urbanization Prospects report . (un.org)
  • The most urbanized regions rights now include Northern America, where 82 per cent of the population lives in urban areas, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean with 80 per cent, and 73 per cent in Europe. (un.org)
  • Their urban areas are on the rise, however, and while at least 40 per cent of the population in African and 48 per cent in Asia live in urban areas, they are projected to be home to 56 and 64 per cent urban, respectively, by 2050. (un.org)
  • With 6.3 billion people expected to live in urban areas by 2050, the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) today kicked off a three-day event to look at challenges and opportunities for the sustainable future of cities. (un.org)
  • Traffic may be responsible for half of red squirrel deaths in some urban areas, a new study suggests. (irishnews.com)
  • Researchers say higher densities of red squirrels in urban habitats was most likely due to the widespread and reliable provision of additional food left by people, alongside natural food sources, as well as availability of quality green spaces in urban areas. (irishnews.com)
  • It is unlikely that traffic is a limiting factor for red squirrel populations, however, and we suspect that ensuring there is enough quality habitat available in urban areas - with suitable natural food sources and nesting spaces - is more important in maintaining red squirrel numbers. (irishnews.com)
  • The more we know about the problems they face, the more we can do to mitigate the issues and hopefully make a positive impact to increase red squirrels in urban areas. (irishnews.com)
  • Why focus on family planning in urban areas? (iussp.org)
  • The vast majority of this population growth will take place in urban areas. (iussp.org)
  • Though urban residents have generally lower fertility than rural dwellers, urban areas are more unequal than rural areas, and fertility of the urban poor is much higher than for wealthier urban dwellers. (iussp.org)
  • Most of the emphasis and funds for family planning and reproductive health have focused on rural areas, yet investment in urban areas has the potential to achieve enormous gains for urban health, education, food security, living conditions, employment and incomes. (iussp.org)
  • What have we learned about working in urban areas for informing the long-term success of these programs? (iussp.org)
  • Ilene Spiezer (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) focused on the hurdle's poor women, adolescents and youth in urban areas face adopting family planning and accessing sexual and reproductive health care. (iussp.org)
  • Increasing the amount of vegetation may be a good strategy to counteract the adverse effects of heat in urban areas. (nih.gov)
  • Prices are collected monthly from about 4,000 housing units and approximately 26,000 retail establishments across 87 urban areas. (stlouisfed.org)
  • With climate change, the increase in exposure to extreme heat in urban areas is likely to have an impact on people living in large cities, especially the poorest. (theagilityeffect.com)
  • So this report will discuss different solutions to poverty in urban areas. (ukessays.com)
  • Urban poverty generally refers to individuals or families to rely on labor income and other legitimate income could not sustain their basic needs for survival in urban areas. (ukessays.com)
  • Slums are usually the worst health conditions in urban areas, and even waste materials pile up land (including industrial toxic waste), groups living in slums, often suffering from various diseases caused by pollution, slum women and their children the biggest victims of these problems. (ukessays.com)
  • The population of areas classified as urban according to criteria used by each country, as reported to the UN. (who.int)
  • Hispanic/Latino Persons -- California, 2007-2017 percentage of late-stage diagnoses (25.2%) than did those in 240 Trends in Use of Telehealth Among Health Centers urban (21.9%) and metropolitan (19.0%) areas. (cdc.gov)
  • All inhabitants 65 years or older living in the urban areas of the two Swedish cities Malmö or Kristianstad in 2015 (n = 42707 were included in this register-based repeated cross-sectional study. (lu.se)
  • As the poverty rate has increased, many Fijians have moved from rural areas to informal squatter settlements in urban centres where the majority have little access to clean water and sewerage infrastructure. (who.int)
  • [ 2 ] Ongoing assessment of adolescent vaccination coverage can help guide progress in implementation of ACIP recommendations and identify populations and areas with low coverage. (medscape.com)
  • About 60% of the population lives in urban areas. (who.int)
  • We determined the prevalence of underweight, overweight/obesity and associated factors among adults in peri-urban and rural Uganda. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overweight/obese was associated with being female, being aged 35 years and older, residing in a peri-urban area and having a higher SES. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity and associated factors in a population-based sample of adults in peri-urban and rural Uganda. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In these parts of the world, rapid urbanization has led to continuing changes in the form and shape of cities, as peri‐urban zones shift swiftly from rural to urban. (ijurr.org)
  • While some descriptions of the peri‐urban zone suggest an amorphous area filled with low‐income residents, others argue that the zone is highly diverse. (ijurr.org)
  • While the assumption that urban growth occurs in concentric rings around a central city (represented by the spreading pancake model) holds for Accra, this pattern of growth combines with other patterns to create a still‐evolving urban form in the city's peri‐urban zone. (ijurr.org)
  • Projections indicate that urbanization combined with overall growth will contribute to the 2.5 billion jump, with 37 per cent of the projected growth in India, which currently has the largest rural population, China and Nigeria, in that order. (un.org)
  • Zeba Sathar (Senior Associate and Country Director, Population Council Pakistan), set the stage by focusing on the rapid urbanization of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia and its consequences for urban populations. (iussp.org)
  • Since the middle 20th century, along with the accelerated process of urbanization and urban population density increased, the world's urban population increased from 30% to now about 50%, this figure will be close to 60% to 2030. (ukessays.com)
  • For instance, roughly 17.7 million Angolans lived in urban centers as of 2015. (statista.com)
  • The Caucasus ecoregion, which includes the countries of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia, and parts of Russia, Turkey and Iran, has three main urban centers - Yerevan, Tbilisi and Baku. (grida.no)
  • However, it remains unclear whether the attack rates in outbreaks in large population centers in the Americas created sufficiently high levels of herd immunity to preclude subsequent epidemics. (cdc.gov)
  • Diseases can also be a significant cause of death, so monitoring for squirrel pox outbreaks is also crucial, particularly in higher density urban populations where there are squirrels sharing feeders and the disease can spread more quickly. (irishnews.com)
  • Urban density refers to the number of individuals inhabiting a given urbanized area. (tracking-progress.org)
  • Data surrounding urban density by parish matters so government and their respective agencies can effectively and efficiently budget and provide essential services to them. (tracking-progress.org)
  • By gathering data on density we have insight on how to categorize parishes by 'high' or 'low' density measures, as well as the trends and changes to the subset of the population. (tracking-progress.org)
  • 2. The population of the Congo is estimated at 2.8 million, with a density of approximately 8.2 persons per km2. (who.int)
  • The availability of nutritious food and produce was better in stores in neighborhoods that had a higher percentage of white residents and a lower population density but did not differ significantly by neighborhood income. (cdc.gov)
  • North Korea urban population for 2019 was 16,002,886 , a 0.84% increase from 2018. (macrotrends.net)
  • From 2010 to 2018, however, Urban Honolulu's population was up overall by 2.9 percent. (hawaiinewsnow.com)
  • The Census said the fastest-growing large city from 2017 to 2018 was Buckeye, Ariz., whose population grew by 8.5% or nearly 75,000 people over the period. (hawaiinewsnow.com)
  • Ecuador urban population for 2019 was 11,097,565 , a 2.19% increase from 2018. (macrotrends.net)
  • Palau urban population for 2019 was 14,417 , a 0.97% increase from 2018. (macrotrends.net)
  • 236 Mortality Among Minority Populations with infection during 2018 by population area of residence§ (area). (cdc.gov)
  • Among 780 incorporated places in the United States with populations of 50,000 people or more, Honolulu ranks 56th for its size (compared to 53rd in 2010). (hawaiinewsnow.com)
  • These events can disproportionately impact the health of low-income, minority, and urban populations. (cdc.gov)
  • New Delhi, currently the world's second most populous city with 25 million inhabitants, is expected to retain that spot through at least 2030, when its population is projected to reach 36 million. (un.org)
  • The world's largest city is Tokyo with 38 million inhabitants, and while its population is expected to decline to 37 million by 2030, it will remain at the top. (un.org)
  • In the globalization process led to poverty and social inequality, in 2030 urban slum population will grow to about 2 billion. (ukessays.com)
  • By contrast, Africa and Asia remain mostly rural, housing nearly 90 per cent of the world's rural population. (un.org)
  • In recent years, the world's urban poverty growing than before, social problems also lead to further highlight. (ukessays.com)
  • Among them, the most populous slum in Asia, this figure represents the world's urban slum population of more than half of the total. (ukessays.com)
  • Research Design and Methods - A population-based retrospective cohort linking administrative health data to immigration files was used to follow the entire diabetes-free population aged 40 years and up in Ontario, Canada (N = 3,484,222) for 3 years (2004-2007) to determine whether individuals were screened for diabetes. (ices.on.ca)
  • The prevalence of falls in adults aged 40 years or older in an urban, German population. (bvsalud.org)
  • Percentage-wise, 44.3 per cent of the total Indigenous population now lives in large urban centres, up from 43.1 per cent in 2016. (fftimes.com)
  • More than half of the Métis population lived in large urban centres (55 per cent), with Winnipeg home to the largest Métis population, followed by Edmonton, Calgary and Vancouver. (fftimes.com)
  • article{74b3c9b3-c7f6-479d-b544-6d51f46e43ad, abstract = {{This paper documents regional population changes in Sweden since 1860 and investigates how these changes link to regional economic development (regional GDP). (lu.se)
  • abstract = "With an aging population, an increased burden is put on national and regional healthcare and social systems. (lu.se)
  • The Indigenous population in urban centres with more than 100,000 people grew by 12.5 per cent since the last census in 2016. (fftimes.com)
  • Next was Montreal at 11,265 (an increase of 32 per cent) and Winnipeg, which saw an increase of 8,750 Indigenous people to its population, up nine per cent from 2016. (fftimes.com)
  • Of the 13,115 cities examined, the number of person-days per year of exposure to extreme heat (the number of days per year that exceed a heat exposure threshold multiplied by the total urban population exposed) increased from 40 billion in 1983 to 119 billion in 2016. (theagilityeffect.com)
  • The census used peoples' usual place of residence for the statistics, rather than those temporarily living in urban centres to access medical care or other services. (fftimes.com)
  • The number of those living in urban centres nearly doubled for non-status First Nations at 59 per cent compared to 33 per cent for status First Nations. (fftimes.com)
  • But there still may be discrepancies in census reports when it comes to who is living in urban centres. (fftimes.com)
  • This study applied GIS methods to analyse the spatial accessibility to urban primary-care centres of the population in Kermanshah city, Islamic Republic of Iran, by age and sex groups. (who.int)
  • The proportion of the population with inadequate geographical access to health centres rose from 47.3% in 1997 to 58.4% in 2012. (who.int)
  • The mean centre and standard distance mapping showed that the spatial distribution of health centres in Kermanshah needed to be adjusted to changes in population distribution. (who.int)
  • La présente étude a appliqué des méthodes des systèmes d'information géographique pour analyser l'accessibilité spatiale aux centres de soins de santé primaires urbains pour la population de la ville de Kermanshah (République islamique d'Iran) par tranche d'âge et par sexe. (who.int)
  • That's down from 351,684 in 2015, or a population decline of about 1.2 percent over the period. (hawaiinewsnow.com)
  • The population decline in Honolulu comes as Oahu continues to see more people leaving for the mainland. (hawaiinewsnow.com)
  • The population decline in Honolulu over the last several years is in contrast to significant growth in a number of mainland cities. (hawaiinewsnow.com)
  • For references , please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/urban-population-exposure-to-pollution-levels-above-eu-limit-values or scan the QR code. (europa.eu)
  • Access demographic, economic and population data from the U.S. Census Bureau. (census.gov)
  • This study provides the first available data on the type of asbestos content in lung in the Spanish population. (ersjournals.com)
  • Data for Cyprus, Greece and Malta, are not included due to the geographical coverage of the Urban Audit. (europa.eu)
  • External Data Spec Gisco - Urban Audit 2007 GISCO Urban Audit 2007 geographical data set. (europa.eu)
  • We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of 260 SIDS deaths that occurred in Chicago between 1993 and 1996 and an equal number of matched living controls to determine the association between SIDS and factors in the sleep environment and other variables related to infant care. (nih.gov)
  • What do we need in terms of data, analysis and evidence to convince policy makers to invest in focusing on the needs and welfare of urban residents? (iussp.org)
  • We used remotely sensed data and geographic information to determine the amount of urban vegetation and the distance to bodies of water (the Atlantic Ocean and the Tagus Estuary). (nih.gov)
  • By selecting Yes, I understand that Population Education will collect and store the data provided above in order to keep me informed of new and updated resources. (populationeducation.org)
  • Although the National Nutrition-Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) 17 has published the BMI profile of a representative rural Indian population, there is a paucity of data on the BMI distribution of representative adult Indian urban populations-the group at highest risk of the extremes of the current transition. (bmj.com)
  • Bulgaria Population: Urban: 15 to 19 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Statistical Institute. (ceicdata.com)
  • The data is categorized under Global Database's Bulgaria - Table BG.G002: Population: by Age Group and Sex. (ceicdata.com)
  • This study aimed to assess the patterns in current and past smoking prevalence based on cross-sectional data from a Central European urban population sample. (who.int)
  • Using population census data, spatial modeling and regression analysis, we show that urban expansion at the edge of the city of Accra, Ghana, is not amorphous and does indeed show some discernible patterns. (ijurr.org)
  • response rate 89.1%) and randomly selected newly diagnosed diabetic subjects (NDD subjects) ( n = 353) were selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Keeping in mind that epidemiology is the study of populations, who was the study population? (cdc.gov)
  • Rostovsky okrug of Don Host Oblast, including Nakhichevan-on-Don, essentially part of a single urban area. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods -To identify residential fire injuries that resulted in an emergency department visit, hospitalisation, or death, computerised databases from emergency departments, hospitals, ambulance and helicopter services, the fire department, and the health department, and paper records from the local coroner and fire stations were screened in a deprived urban area between June 1996 and May 1997. (bmj.com)
  • The results of this study, indicating an equal prevalence of thinness and overweight in an urban area and their association with age, level of education, and tobacco use raise concerns of an emerging public health crisis in urban India. (bmj.com)
  • 41 states¶ and the District of Columbia, jurisdictions in which rural area, 1,920 (13.2%) lived in an urban area, and 11,685 laboratory reporting was complete as of December 31, 2019. (cdc.gov)
  • Reviewing a range of previous research into red squirrel populations across the UK and Europe, they found that traffic had been responsible for between 20% and 65% of red squirrel recorded deaths in some populations. (irishnews.com)
  • Kat Fingland, a researcher in Nottingham Trent University's School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, said: "Road traffic accidents do seem to be responsible for a significant proportion of red squirrel deaths in some populations. (irishnews.com)
  • Բնակչությունն ըստ ազգության, սեռի և տարիքի [City of Yerevan, permanent population. (wikipedia.org)
  • To describe height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of the adult urban population in Mumbai, western India and to estimate the prevalence and severity of thinness and overweight in this population. (bmj.com)
  • 16 With its huge population and extremes of economic conditions, India is in a unique position in its epidemiological and nutrition transition that may presage the experience of many developing countries. (bmj.com)
  • of India for Census 2011, Kannur is an Urban Agglomeration coming under category of Million Plus UA/City. (census2011.co.in)
  • The National Leprosy Control Programme-World Health Organization Workshop on Urban Leprosy Control, Acworth Leprosy Hospital, Wadala, Bombay, India, from 12th November 1981 to 17th November 1981. (who.int)
  • CONCLUSIONS -The results of the study suggest that in urban Asian Indians, the prevalence of overt nephropathy and microalbuminuria was 2.2 and 26.9%, respectively. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Conclusions Interventions to increase cessation rates and reduce smoking prevalence need to be gender-specific and carefully tailored to the needs of the disadvantaged groups of the population, especially the less well-off young adults. (who.int)
  • Populations living in urban slums and temporary settlements lack access to basic health services including family planning and unmet need for modern contraception and unwanted fertility remain high. (iussp.org)
  • The rapid growth of urban settlements, especially temporary settlements and urban slums, and the heterogeneity of urban populations pose special challenges for implementing family planning and reproductive health programs. (iussp.org)
  • The excessive heat affecting populations and infrastructure is compounded by pollution and extreme events like torrential rain, landslides and storms. (theagilityeffect.com)
  • The proportion of diabetes that remained undiagnosed was estimated to be 9.7% in the general population and 9.0% in immigrants. (ices.on.ca)
  • In a novel model of embedded primary care child psychiatry serving an urban Latino population, we examined determinants of successful referral and relationship between clinical need and service intensity. (northwestern.edu)
  • It was found that there was a distorted perception of health, disease and self-care, as well as social determinants of health related to the urban environment, social disinterest and inefficiency of the health sector for the ethnic group care. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Salvador (population 2.9 million [ 14 ]), the capital of Bahia state, which is located ≈100 km from Feira de Santana, we retrospectively identified that CHIKV had been circulating since September 2014 ( 15 ), but outbreaks first occurred between June and November 2015 ( 12 , 15 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Drawing from this founding population of individuals with largely French ancestry, we selected 1007 individuals to determine mechanisms by which genomes, the environment, and their interactions contribute to phenotypic variation. (nature.com)
  • Here we explain the different levels and modes of urban climate governance and highlight the interactions between urban planning and key services such as urban sprawls and liveability. (lu.se)
  • Authors added that provision of public goods, such as public transportation, housing, electricity, water and sanitation for a densely settled urban population is typically cheaper and less environmentally damaging than providing a similar level of services to a dispersed rural population. (un.org)
  • For the three-fourths of all counties with populations too small to produce single-year statistics (2,323 counties), it is the only available dataset. (census.gov)
  • The study population was determined to be white people who died from cancer and were living within the 94 counties that are within in a 100-mile radius of Oak Ridge during two time periods (1950 1952 and 1987 1989). (cdc.gov)
  • We conducted in-store surveys in 2009 on store type and the availability of nutritious food in a sample of nonchain food stores (n = 102) in 6 predominantly urban counties in Northern California (Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Sacramento, San Francisco, and Santa Clara). (cdc.gov)
  • These countries will face numerous challenges in meeting the needs of their growing urban populations," the report authors said, including for housing, infrastructure, transportation, energy and employment, as well as for basic services such as education and health care. (un.org)
  • Common urban challenges include congestion, lack of funds to provide basic services, a shortage of adequate housing and declining infrastructure. (tracking-progress.org)
  • This study aimed to understand the health perception of remaining population of quilombolas in the city of Canoas / RS. (bvsalud.org)
  • The ignorance of quilombolas in relation to the National Policy of Integral Health of the Black Population with reduced participation in spaces of social control has also been detected. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pattern of utilization of health care by the Korean urban poor / Kyung Kyoon Chung. (who.int)
  • Health and the urban poor in developing countries : a review and selected annotated bibliography / Trudy Harpham, Patrick Vaughan, Susan Rifkin. (who.int)
  • Urban green spaces (UGS) may increase physical activity and social interaction, as well as improve wellbeing and health. (lu.se)
  • Although the positive effect of UGS on health is well established, no consistent associations between UGS and use of social services were found, nor did stratified analyses reveal any clear differences in the effect of urban green on social service use between sociodemographic groups. (lu.se)
  • From ∼ 1000 individuals of a founder population in Quebec, we reveal a substantial impact of the environment on the transcriptome and clinical endophenotypes, overpowering that of genetic ancestry. (nature.com)
  • The sex ratio of female to male in Kannur UA was found higher with figure of 1171 females against national urban average of 926 females per 1000 males. (census2011.co.in)
  • For children (0-6 age), girls were 974 per 1000 boys in Kannur Urban region against national average of 902 girls per 1000 boys. (census2011.co.in)
  • Aggregation of urban and rural population may not add up to total population because of different country coverages. (macrotrends.net)
  • The Census said that Urban Honolulu makes up about 35.4 percent of Oahu's total population. (hawaiinewsnow.com)
  • The total population of Kannur UA/Metropolitan region is 1,640,986. (census2011.co.in)
  • Total children in Kannur Urban region were 179,095 of which male were 90,731 while remaining 88,364 childs were female. (census2011.co.in)
  • The city with the greatest increase in Indigenous population was Edmonton, which saw an additional 11,400 people added to its population base, a 15 per cent increase. (fftimes.com)
  • Toronto's Indigenous population declined slightly. (fftimes.com)
  • HONOLULU, Hawaii (HawaiiNewsNow) - At a time when people are moving to cities in droves, Urban Honolulu appears to be an exception. (hawaiinewsnow.com)
  • Currently, nearly 10 million people in worldwide are living in urban slums. (ukessays.com)
  • The population increased has brought a significant increase in the urban poor and slum issues become increasingly prominent. (ukessays.com)
  • World population is expected to increase by 2.4 billion between 2015 and 2050, three-fourths of this increase will occur in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, regions that account for over 80% of the world population living in absolute poverty. (iussp.org)
  • By 2040, the urban population is expected to exceed the rural population in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia and reach 60% in 2050 (see graph). (iussp.org)
  • Remember, the global urban population is expected to double by 2050. (lu.se)
  • The population of all municipalities in the State of Barinas by census years. (citypopulation.de)
  • The animal has also suffered population declines in several other countries across their range in recent decades. (irishnews.com)
  • Ecologists at Nottingham Trent University looked at the suitability of urban habitats for red squirrels and the various challenges and opportunities they face in these environments. (irishnews.com)
  • But despite this, the researchers say traffic does not appear to be a limiting factor for red squirrel populations and that urban environments can support higher densities of the animal than their typical rural homes. (irishnews.com)
  • Furthermore, the role of urban vegetation in shaping thermal environments has been highlighted in the literature. (nih.gov)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Urban population. (who.int)
  • The population of Kelowna, B.C., grew 2.6 per cent (or nearly 6,000) over the most recent year, the quickest pace out of Canada's 35 CMAs. (theglobeandmail.com)
  • In other words, most cities that grew did so because of significant growth in foreign-born populations. (michiganfuture.org)
  • By combining five years of survey responses, the American Community Survey provides unequaled insight into the state of every community, whether large or small, urban or rural. (census.gov)
  • Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia exhibit the highest rates of urban population growth, currently estimated at 3.8% per year for sub-Saharan Africa (doubling every 18 years), and 2.4% per year for South Asia (doubling every 29 years). (iussp.org)
  • One of the main objectives of the apparatus is to determine indicators of poverty phenomenon from the perspective of income and spending and circumstances relating to population in educational, social, residential fields and environment. (yementimes.com)
  • With the deepening of urban poverty, it has become unsafe hidden in social and economic life. (ukessays.com)
  • What means of urban poverty? (ukessays.com)
  • Uneven distribution of urban poverty groups lead to the existence and rapid expansion of the important factors. (ukessays.com)
  • 2.1 Refugees and migrant populations have high rates of poverty. (ukessays.com)
  • In the past decade the poverty rate also rose from 25% to 50% of the population. (who.int)
  • Default sorted by Armenian population size source: Only cities in the Transcaucasian SFSR are listed below Selected cities, including the 3 largest cities in Armenian SSR Selected cities Armenian population by country Armenian diaspora Foreign relations of Armenia Notes Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA Defined here as the city of Moscow (106,466) and Moscow Oblast (63,306). (wikipedia.org)
  • The populations of Toronto and Montreal declined over a portion of the pandemic as immigration waned and more residents fled those cities for cheaper housing markets. (theglobeandmail.com)
  • On another (unpublished) research project, I examined population changes in the 22 largest cities in the Great Lakes and Eastern Seaboard regions of the U.S. between 2000 and 2013. (michiganfuture.org)
  • Only four of those cities saw losses in their foreign-born populations. (michiganfuture.org)
  • Those cities also saw overall population loss. (michiganfuture.org)
  • The other 18 cities experienced growth in their foreign-born populations. (michiganfuture.org)
  • Six cities still experienced overall population loss, despite the gains they made in foreign-born. (michiganfuture.org)
  • 12 cities experienced both population growth and foreign-born population growth. (michiganfuture.org)
  • Of those twelve, in six cities, the foreign-born growth accounted for at least half of the population growth. (michiganfuture.org)
  • While I am not here attempting to wade into the national discussion about immigration policy, I am suggesting that for Michigan's cities to experience population stabilization, they must find ways to be welcoming to foreign-born Americans. (michiganfuture.org)
  • Those four cities alone accounted for a quarter of the Métis population in Canada. (fftimes.com)
  • The future demography is expected to change, with these so-called 'mega-cities' falling in rank as relatively smaller urban cities, particularly in developing countries, gain in population. (un.org)
  • The IUSSP organized a panel session* on Family planning, fertility and urban welfare in the rapidly growing cities of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia: Policy Implications during the International Conference on Family Planning (ICFP) in Kigali, Rwanda on 14 November. (iussp.org)
  • The session emphasized the important contributions of family planning to urban welfare in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia and reviewed the challenges and opportunities of working in rapidly growing cities. (iussp.org)
  • It also hopes to provide job opportunities for the unemployed and bridging the gap between population of the cities and rural villages. (yementimes.com)
  • 9. While urban transportation is mainly by taxis, there are mini-buses which ply within cities and between the city centre and its suburbs. (who.int)