Economic Recession
Socioeconomic Factors
Healthy Worker Effect
Health Status
Bankruptcy
Rehabilitation, Vocational
Social Conditions
Public Assistance
Finland
Social Class
Insurance, Disability
Sweden
Residence Characteristics
Risk Factors
Cultural Deprivation
England
Mental Disorders
Poverty
Poverty Areas
Logistic Models
Wales
Longitudinal Studies
Marital Status
Disabled Persons
Sick Leave
Student Dropouts
Cross-Sectional Studies
Regression Analysis
Questionnaires
Sex Factors
Unemployment pre-dates symptoms of depression and anxiety resulting in medical consultation in young men. (1/580)
BACKGROUND: There is evidence to support a link between unemployment and lower levels of psychological well-being, but debate continues as to whether unemployment results in psychological morbidity, or whether the association is due to those who are more vulnerable to mental illness becoming unemployed. Here we assess the effect of recent and accumulated unemployment in young men on the risk of developing depression and anxiety leading to medical consultation. Adjustment was made for a measure of pre-existing tendency to depression, behavioural maladjustment, social class, qualifications and region of residence. METHODS: Some 3241 men from the National Child Development Study (the 1958 British birth cohort) with data from birth to age 33 years, collected at birth and ages 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 years were used in these analyses. The outcome measure was onset age of anxiety or depression between ages 24 and 33 years, that resulted in consultation with a GP or a specialist. This was used in Cox proportional hazards models where two measures of unemployment were modelled as time varying covariates. Pre-existing tendency to depression was measured by the Malaise Inventory prior to the experience of unemployment at age 23 years. Two measures of unemployment were investigated: any unemployment in the year prior to onset (recent unemployment) and all accumulated unemployment prior to onset (divided into four categories: 0, 1-12, 13-36 and 37+ months of unemployment). RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounding factors including pre-existing tendency to depression, the relative risk (RR) for developing symptoms resulting in consultation was 2.10 (95% CI: 1.21-3.63), when those who were unemployed in the year prior to onset were compared with those who were not. Accumulated unemployment was not statistically significantly related to onset of symptoms in all men after adjustment for the potential confounding factors: an RR of 1.63 (95% CI: 0.95-2.79) for men with 37+ months of accumulated unemployment when compared with none. However, exclusion of men with a pre-existing tendency to depression indicated by the Malaise Inventory score, increased the RR to 2.30 (95% CI: 1.44-3.65) for recent unemployment and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.17-3.54) for 37+ months of accumulated unemployment when compared with none. CONCLUSIONS: Unemployment is a risk factor for psychological symptoms of depression requiring medical attention, even in those men without previous psychological vulnerability. (+info)Predictors and consequences of unemployment in construction and forest work during a 5-year follow-up. (2/580)
OBJECTIVES: The study investigated whether indicators of health, work conditions, or life-style predict subsequent unemployment and also the unemployment consequences related to health or life-style. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to 781 male construction and 877 male forest workers (aged 20-49 years and working at the beginning of the study) in 1989 and 1994. Employment status during follow-up was ranked into the following 4 categories according to the employment status and unemployment time: continuously employed, re-employed, short-term (< or = 24 months) unemployed and long-term (> or =24 months) unemployed. RESULTS: The following base-line factors were associated with long-term unemployment during follow-up among the construction workers: age >40 years, poor subjective health, smoking, frequent heavy use of alcohol, low job satisfaction, marital status (single), and unemployment during the year preceding the initial survey. Among the forest workers, age >40 years, frequent stress symptoms, and preceding unemployment entered the model. In addition smoking predicted unemployment among the forest workers with no preceding unemployment. The proportion of regular smokers decreased among the long-term unemployed. Physical exercise was more frequent at the time of follow-up than it was initially, particularly among the unemployed. Stress symptoms increased among the construction workers, but musculoskeletal symptoms decreased significantly among the long-term unemployed. Among the forest workers stress symptoms decreased among the continuously employed and re-employed persons, but musculoskeletal symptoms decreased significantly for them all. CONCLUSIONS: Unemployment among construction workers is to some extent dependent on life-style, health, and job satisfaction in addition to age, marital status, and unemployment history. For forest workers, unemployment is less determined by individual factors. Changes in distress and musculoskeletal symptoms are dependent on employment, particularly among construction workers. (+info)Social differences of very preterm birth in Europe: interaction with obstetric history. Europop Group. (3/580)
Social differences of very preterm birth (22-32 completed weeks of amenorrhea) were studied using data from a large case-control survey in Europe between 1994 and 1997; 1,675 very preterm births and 7,965 full-term births were included. The relation between social factors and very preterm birth was studied according to obstetric history and the mode of delivery onset. Very preterm birth was significantly related to low educational level among women with no previous adverse pregnancy outcome (odds ratio (OR) = 2.67, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) 1.66-4.28) and among primigravid women and those with previous first-trimester abortion (OR = 2.01, 95 percent CI 1.56-2.58). In this group, unemployment of all household members was associated with a double risk of very preterm birth. No significant association between very preterm birth and socioeconomic status was observed among women with previous second-trimester abortion or preterm birth. Socioeconomic indicators remained significantly associated with both spontaneous and induced very preterm births among women with no previous late fetal loss or preterm birth. The results are consistent with social factors affecting the risk of very preterm birth, but the relation differs according to obstetric history. (+info)Unemployment and foster home placements: estimating the net effect of provocation and inhibition. (4/580)
OBJECTIVES: This study sought, first, to explain and reconcile the provocation and inhibition theories of the effect of rising unemployment on the incidence of antisocial behavior. Second, it tested the hypothesis, implied by the provocation and inhibition theories, that the relationship between unemployment and foster home placements forms an inverted "U." METHODS: The hypothesis was tested with data from California for 137 months beginning in February 1984. RESULTS: Findings showed that the hypothesis was supported. CONCLUSIONS: Rising joblessness increases the incidence of foster home placements among families that lose jobs or income. Levels of joblessness that threaten workers who remain employed, however, inhibit antisocial behavior and reduce the incidence of foster home placements. This means that accounting for the social costs of unemployment is more complicated than assumed under the provocation theory. (+info)Premature mortality in the United States: the roles of geographic area, socioeconomic status, household type, and availability of medical care. (5/580)
OBJECTIVES: This study examined premature mortality by county in the United States and assessed its association with metro/urban/rural geographic location, socioeconomic status, household type, and availability of medical care. METHODS: Age-adjusted years of potential life lost before 75 years of age were calculated and mapped by county. Predictors of premature mortality were determined by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Premature mortality was greatest in rural counties in the Southeast and Southwest. In a model predicting 55% of variation across counties, community structure factors explained more than availability of medical care. The proportions of female-headed households and Black populations were the strongest predictors, followed by variables measuring low education, American Indian population, and chronic unemployment. Greater availability of generalist physicians predicted fewer years of life lost in metropolitan counties but more in rural counties. CONCLUSIONS: Community structure factors statistically explain much of the variation in premature mortality. The degree to which premature mortality is predicted by percentage of female-headed households is important for policy-making and delivery of medical care. The relationships described argue strongly for broadening the biomedical model. (+info)Trends in medical employment: persistent imbalances in urban Mexico. (6/580)
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the extreme medical unemployment and underemployment in the urban areas of Mexico. The conceptual and methodological approach may be relevant to many countries that have experienced substantial increases in the supply of physicians during the last decades. METHODS: On the basis of 2 surveys carried out in 1986 and 1993, the study analyzed the performance of physicians in the labor market as a function of ascription variables (social origin and gender), achievement variables (quality of medical education and specialty studies), and contextual variables (educational generation). RESULTS: The study reveals, despite some improvement, persistently high levels of open unemployment, qualitative underemployment (i.e., work in activities completely outside of medicine), and quantitative underemployment (i.e., work in medical activities but with very low levels of productivity and remuneration). The growing proportion of female doctors presents new challenges, because they are more likely than men to be unemployed and underemployed. CONCLUSIONS: While corrective policies can have a positive impact, it is clear that decisions regarding physician supply must be carefully considered, because they have long-lasting effects. An area deserving special attention is the improvement of professional opportunities for female doctors. (+info)Unemployment, depression, and health: a look at the African-American community. (7/580)
OBJECTIVES: While the unemployment rate of African-American people is more than twice that of the white population, the research on the impact of unemployment on the health of this population is scarce. This study analysed the impact of unemployment on depression and well being among African-American people, and the factors associated with well being. METHODS: Logistic and multiple regression models were used to analyse panel data collected in the National Survey of Families and Households 1987-1992. African-American (1369) and white (6660) respondents were analysed separately. Outcome variables included an index of depression and self reported health status. MAIN FINDINGS: Differences between employment and unemployment groups were less significant for African-Americans than for the white population in predicting depression and well being. Health enhancing factors such as education and wealth were significantly associated with better health and lower depression indices among the white population but not consistently so among African-Americans. Satisfaction with personal relationships was the strongest predictor of well being for both groups. CONCLUSION: Research should focus on the special needs and circumstances of African-Americans, because protective factors may not have the same impact in different groups of the population. (+info)The association of body mass index with social and economic disadvantage in women and men. (8/580)
BACKGROUND: Although an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and body mass index (BMI) is well documented, broad population studies focusing on the association between BMI and various forms of disadvantage such as unemployment, low income or social isolation are rare. METHODS: A nationwide, representative sample of 25-64-year-old Finnish subjects (n = 6016) was classified according to their BMI into four groups: 'thin' (BMI < 20), 'normal' (BMI 20-24.9), 'overweight' (BMI 25-29.9) and 'obese' (BMI > or = 30). Multivariable analyses using logistic regression were conducted with this BMI-grouping as an independent variable to predict social and economic disadvantage, controlling simultaneously for age, educational attainment, region of residence, and limiting long-standing illness. RESULTS: In women, overweight was associated with current unemployment and obesity with long-term unemployment as well as absence of close friends outside the family circle. Both overweight and obesity were associated with low individual earnings. Obese women were also most likely to have low household disposable and individual incomes; a similar pattern was seen among thin women. A small subgroup of thin men were socially and economically disadvantaged with all our indicators whereas excess body weight was not problematic for men. CONCLUSIONS: Deviant body weight is associated with social and economic disadvantage in a gender-specific and partly curvilinear way. In particular, obese women face multiple social and economic disadvantage. (+info)Unemployment is an economic concept rather than a medical one. It refers to the situation where individuals who are actively seeking employment are unable to find work. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other medical bodies do not provide a specific medical definition for unemployment. However, unemployment can have significant impacts on both physical and mental health, leading to issues such as stress, anxiety, depression, and poor physical health.
An economic recession is a significant decline in economic activity that spreads across the economy and lasts more than a few months. It is typically defined as a decrease in gross domestic product (GDP) for two or more consecutive quarters. A recession can also be characterized by high unemployment, declining retail sales, and falling industrial production. Recessions are usually caused by a combination of factors, including financial panics, monetary policy mistakes, and external shocks such as wars or natural disasters. The severity and duration of a recession can vary widely, with some being relatively mild and short-lived, while others can be more severe and prolonged. In general, recessions are a normal part of the business cycle and are typically followed by periods of economic expansion.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "pensions" are not a medical term. A pension is a retirement plan that provides a regular payment to retirees, typically based on their salary history and length of employment. It is a type of employee benefit provided by many employers, including government agencies and private companies.
If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to try to help!
"Employment" is a term that is commonly used in the context of social sciences and law rather than medicine. It generally refers to the state or condition of being employed, which means an individual is engaged in a job or occupation, providing services to an employer in exchange for compensation, such as wages or salary. Employment may involve various types of work arrangements, including full-time, part-time, temporary, contract, or freelance positions.
In the context of medicine and public health, employment is often discussed in relation to its impact on health outcomes, healthcare access, and socioeconomic status. For instance, research has shown that unemployment or underemployment can negatively affect mental and physical health, while stable employment can contribute to better health outcomes and overall well-being. Additionally, employment may influence an individual's ability to afford healthcare, medications, and other essential needs, which can impact their health status.
In summary, the medical definition of 'employment' pertains to the state or condition of being engaged in a job or occupation, providing services to an employer for compensation. Employment has significant implications for health outcomes, healthcare access, and socioeconomic status.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "personnel downsizing" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a business or organizational term that refers to the reduction of the number of employees in a company or organization, often as a cost-cutting measure. The health impacts on displaced employees can vary widely and may include stress, depression, anxiety, and financial difficulties.
Socioeconomic factors are a range of interconnected conditions and influences that affect the opportunities and resources a person or group has to maintain and improve their health and well-being. These factors include:
1. Economic stability: This includes employment status, job security, income level, and poverty status. Lower income and lack of employment are associated with poorer health outcomes.
2. Education: Higher levels of education are generally associated with better health outcomes. Education can affect a person's ability to access and understand health information, as well as their ability to navigate the healthcare system.
3. Social and community context: This includes factors such as social support networks, discrimination, and community safety. Strong social supports and positive community connections are associated with better health outcomes, while discrimination and lack of safety can negatively impact health.
4. Healthcare access and quality: Access to affordable, high-quality healthcare is an important socioeconomic factor that can significantly impact a person's health. Factors such as insurance status, availability of providers, and cultural competency of healthcare systems can all affect healthcare access and quality.
5. Neighborhood and built environment: The physical conditions in which people live, work, and play can also impact their health. Factors such as housing quality, transportation options, availability of healthy foods, and exposure to environmental hazards can all influence health outcomes.
Socioeconomic factors are often interrelated and can have a cumulative effect on health outcomes. For example, someone who lives in a low-income neighborhood with limited access to healthy foods and safe parks may also face challenges related to employment, education, and healthcare access that further impact their health. Addressing socioeconomic factors is an important part of promoting health equity and reducing health disparities.
Suicide is defined in the medical field as the intentional taking of one's own life. It is a complex phenomenon with various contributing factors, including psychological, biological, environmental, and sociocultural elements. Suicide is a significant global public health concern that requires comprehensive understanding, prevention, and intervention strategies. If you or someone you know is struggling with thoughts of self-harm or suicide, it's essential to seek help from a mental health professional immediately.
The "Healthy Worker Effect" is not a formally recognized medical term, but it is a concept that is often discussed in occupational and public health research. It refers to the observation that workers, as a group, tend to be healthier than non-workers (e.g., unemployed individuals or those who have retired). This phenomenon can arise due to several reasons, including:
1. Self-selection: Healthier individuals are more likely to seek and maintain employment, while those with chronic illnesses or disabilities may be less able to work.
2. Healthier lifestyle habits: Workers may engage in healthier behaviors than non-workers, such as regular exercise, better nutrition, and reduced substance use, due to factors like social norms at the workplace or access to wellness programs.
3. Early detection and intervention: Employers may provide health screenings and preventive care that can lead to earlier identification and management of health issues among workers.
4. Protection from harmful exposures: Some workplaces have regulations and safety measures in place to protect workers from hazardous substances or conditions, which can reduce the risk of certain health problems.
The Healthy Worker Effect is important to consider when interpreting studies that compare the health status of workers and non-workers, as it may introduce bias and lead to an underestimation of the true health risks associated with specific jobs or work environments. Researchers often use statistical techniques to control for this effect and better isolate the relationship between work and health outcomes.
Health status is a term used to describe the overall condition of an individual's health, including physical, mental, and social well-being. It is often assessed through various measures such as medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reported health assessments. Health status can be used to identify health disparities, track changes in population health over time, and evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
Mortality, in medical terms, refers to the state or condition of being mortal; the quality or fact of being subject to death. It is often used in reference to the mortality rate, which is the number of deaths in a specific population, divided by the size of that population, per a given time period. This can be used as a measure of the risk of death among a population.
Economics is a social science that studies how individuals, businesses, governments, and societies make choices on allocating resources to satisfy their unlimited wants. It primarily focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
In healthcare, economics is often referred to as "health economics," which applies economic theory and methods to analyze health care markets, evaluate alternative health policies, and optimize resource allocation in the healthcare sector. Health economists study issues such as the cost-effectiveness of medical treatments, the impact of health insurance on access to care, and the efficiency of different healthcare delivery systems.
Understanding economics is crucial for making informed decisions about healthcare policy, resource allocation, and patient care. By analyzing data and applying economic principles, healthcare professionals can help ensure that resources are used efficiently and effectively to improve health outcomes and reduce costs.
Bankruptcy is a legal status of an individual or organization that cannot pay its debts and seeks relief from some or all of those debts through the courts. In medical terms, bankruptcy may refer to a person's inability to pay their medical bills or debts due to high medical costs, which can lead to filing for bankruptcy protection under federal laws.
Medical debt is a significant contributor to personal bankruptcy in many countries, particularly in the United States. According to various studies, medical expenses are the leading cause of bankruptcy in the US, accounting for over 60% of all personal bankruptcies. Even having health insurance does not necessarily protect individuals from medical-related financial hardship, as high deductibles, co-pays, and out-of-network charges can still leave patients with substantial bills.
Filing for bankruptcy due to medical debt can provide relief by discharging some or all of the debts, allowing the individual to start fresh financially. However, it also has long-term consequences, such as damage to credit scores and potential difficulties obtaining loans, credit cards, or housing in the future.
Vocational rehabilitation is a process that aims to help individuals with disabilities, injuries, or illnesses to obtain and maintain suitable employment. It is a coordinated program of services that may include assessment, counseling, training, job development, and placement. The goal is to assist the individual in acquiring the necessary skills and abilities to return to work or to begin a new career path. This process often involves collaboration between healthcare professionals, vocational counselors, and employers to ensure that the individual's needs are met and that they are able to perform their job duties safely and effectively.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "income" is not a medical term. Income is an economic term that refers to the inflow of monetary resources or earnings that an individual or household receives from various sources, such as employment, investments, or government benefits. It is typically used in financial and economic contexts rather than medical ones. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
Medical professionals may use the term "social conditions" to refer to various environmental and sociological factors that can impact an individual's health and well-being. These conditions can include things like:
* Socioeconomic status (SES): This refers to a person's position in society, which is often determined by their income, education level, and occupation. People with lower SES are more likely to experience poor health outcomes due to factors such as limited access to healthcare, nutritious food, and safe housing.
* Social determinants of health (SDOH): These are the conditions in which people live, learn, work, and play that affect a wide range of health risks and outcomes. Examples include poverty, discrimination, housing instability, education level, and access to healthy foods and physical activity opportunities.
* Social support: This refers to the emotional, informational, and instrumental assistance that individuals receive from their social networks, including family, friends, neighbors, and community members. Strong social support is associated with better health outcomes, while lack of social support can contribute to poor health.
* Social isolation: This occurs when people are disconnected from others and have limited social contacts or interactions. Social isolation can lead to negative health outcomes such as depression, cognitive decline, and increased risk for chronic diseases.
* Community context: The physical and social characteristics of the communities in which people live can also impact their health. Factors such as access to green spaces, transportation options, and safe housing can all contribute to better health outcomes.
Overall, social conditions can have a significant impact on an individual's health and well-being, and addressing these factors is essential for promoting health equity and improving overall public health.
"Public assistance" is a term used in the field of social welfare and public health to refer to government programs that provide financial aid, food, housing, or other necessary resources to individuals and families who are experiencing economic hardship or have limited means to meet their basic needs. These programs are funded by taxpayers' dollars and are administered at the federal, state, or local level. Examples of public assistance programs include Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Medicaid, and Section 8 housing vouchers. The goal of public assistance is to help individuals and families achieve self-sufficiency and improve their overall well-being.
Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. It involves the emotional, psychological, and social aspects of an individual's health. Mental health is not just the absence of mental illness, it also includes positive characteristics such as resilience, happiness, and having a sense of purpose in life.
It is important to note that mental health can change over time, and it is possible for an individual to experience periods of good mental health as well as periods of poor mental health. Factors such as genetics, trauma, stress, and physical illness can all contribute to the development of mental health problems. Additionally, cultural and societal factors, such as discrimination and poverty, can also impact an individual's mental health.
Mental Health professionals like psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and other mental health counselors use different tools and techniques to evaluate, diagnose and treat mental health conditions. These include therapy or counseling, medication, and self-help strategies.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Finland" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Northern Europe, known officially as the Republic of Finland. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "social class" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a sociological concept that refers to the grouping of individuals in a society based on their shared economic and social positions. This can include factors such as income, education, occupation, and wealth.
However, social class can have an impact on health outcomes and access to healthcare. For example, people in lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to experience chronic diseases, mental health disorders, and have limited access to quality healthcare services compared to those in higher socioeconomic groups. This relationship is often referred to as the "social determinants of health."
"Social Security" is a term that refers to a social insurance program, providing financial security to eligible individuals primarily through retirement, disability, and survivor's benefits. In the United States, it is administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). The program is funded through payroll taxes known as Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax, paid by workers and their employers.
It's important to note that "Social Security" is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used in the context of social welfare programs and policies. However, it does have an impact on healthcare as many Americans rely on Social Security benefits to help cover their medical expenses, especially during retirement.
Psychological stress is the response of an individual's mind and body to challenging or demanding situations. It can be defined as a state of emotional and physical tension resulting from adversity, demand, or change. This response can involve a variety of symptoms, including emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physiological components.
Emotional responses may include feelings of anxiety, fear, anger, sadness, or frustration. Cognitive responses might involve difficulty concentrating, racing thoughts, or negative thinking patterns. Behaviorally, psychological stress can lead to changes in appetite, sleep patterns, social interactions, and substance use. Physiologically, the body's "fight-or-flight" response is activated, leading to increased heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, and other symptoms.
Psychological stress can be caused by a wide range of factors, including work or school demands, financial problems, relationship issues, traumatic events, chronic illness, and major life changes. It's important to note that what causes stress in one person may not cause stress in another, as individual perceptions and coping mechanisms play a significant role.
Chronic psychological stress can have negative effects on both mental and physical health, increasing the risk of conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, it's essential to identify sources of stress and develop effective coping strategies to manage and reduce its impact.
Disability insurance is a type of health insurance that provides coverage and financial benefits to individuals who become unable to work due to illness or injury. This insurance replaces a portion of the insured's income, typically between 50% to 70%, during the period of disability, helping to maintain their standard of living and cover ongoing expenses such as housing, food, and medical care.
There are two main types of disability insurance: short-term and long-term. Short-term disability insurance usually provides benefits for a limited period, typically up to 6 months or a year, while long-term disability insurance offers coverage for an extended duration, often until the insured reaches retirement age or is no longer disabled.
Disability insurance policies can be obtained through employers as part of their employee benefits package or purchased individually by individuals. The specific terms and conditions of disability insurance, including the definition of disability, waiting period, benefit amount, and duration, may vary depending on the policy and insurer.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sweden" is not a medical term. It is a country located in northern Europe. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those!
Educational status refers to the level or stage of education that a person has reached. It can be used to describe an individual's educational background, achievements, and qualifications. Educational status can be categorized in various ways, including by level (e.g., elementary school, high school, college, graduate school), years of schooling completed, or type of degree earned (e.g., bachelor's, master's, doctoral).
In medical settings, educational status may be used as a demographic variable to describe the characteristics of a patient population or to identify potential disparities in health outcomes based on education level. Research has shown that higher levels of education are often associated with better health outcomes, including lower rates of chronic diseases and improved mental health. Therefore, understanding a patient's educational status can help healthcare providers tailor their care and education strategies to meet the unique needs and challenges of each individual.
I'm happy to help, but I need to clarify that "residence characteristics" is not a commonly used medical term. It is more related to the field of public health or epidemiology. However, if you are asking for the characteristics of a residence that could be relevant to medical or health research, they might include:
1. Housing type (single-family home, apartment, mobile home, etc.)
2. Age and condition of the housing unit
3. Presence of environmental hazards (lead paint, asbestos, radon, etc.)
4. Quality of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems
5. Access to clean water and sanitation facilities
6. Safety features (smoke detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, etc.)
7. Presence of pests (rodents, cockroaches, bed bugs, etc.)
8. Neighborhood characteristics (crime rates, access to healthy food options, walkability, etc.)
These factors can all have an impact on the health outcomes of individuals and communities, and are often studied in public health research.
Medical Definition:
"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.
"Cultural deprivation" is a term that was previously used in sociology and social work to describe the idea that some individuals or groups may be at a disadvantage due to their lack of exposure to dominant cultural values, customs, and behaviors. This concept has been criticized for its deficit-based perspective and oversimplification of complex social issues.
In medical contexts, the term "cultural competence" is more commonly used to describe the ability of healthcare providers to understand, respect, and respond to the cultural differences of their patients. Cultural competence involves recognizing and addressing power imbalances, communication barriers, and other factors that may affect healthcare access and outcomes for individuals from diverse backgrounds.
It's important to note that cultural competence is not just about acquiring knowledge about different cultures, but also about developing skills and attitudes that promote respectful and effective communication and care. This includes self-awareness of one's own biases and assumptions, flexibility in adapting to different cultural contexts, and a commitment to ongoing learning and improvement.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "England" is not a medical term or concept. It is one of the four constituent countries that make up the United Kingdom, along with Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. England is located in the southern part of Great Britain, which is the largest island of the British Isles.
If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!
In the context of medical terminology, "occupations" generally refers to the activities or tasks that a person performs as part of their daily life and routines. This can include both paid work or employment, as well as unpaid activities such as household chores, hobbies, and self-care. The term is often used in the field of occupational therapy, which focuses on helping individuals develop, recover, and maintain the skills needed for participation in their daily occupations and improving their overall quality of life. Additionally, Occupational Medicine is a medical specialty that focuses on the prevention and management of job-related injuries and illnesses, as well as promoting health and productivity in the workplace.
A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. It's associated with distress and/or impaired functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas of life, often leading to a decrease in quality of life. These disorders are typically persistent and can be severe and disabling. They may be related to factors such as genetics, early childhood experiences, or trauma. Examples include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It's important to note that a diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "poverty" is not a medical condition or term. It is a social condition defined by the World Bank as "pronounced deprivation in well-being," and measured through indicators such as income, consumption, and access to basic services. Poverty can have significant impacts on health outcomes and healthcare access, but it is not considered a medical diagnosis. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try my best to help answer them!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Poverty Areas" is not a standard medical term or classification. However, in a broader social determinants of health context, poverty is recognized as a significant factor that can impact an individual's health outcomes and access to healthcare.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines poverty as "pronounced deprivation in well-being," which includes but is not limited to lack of income and economic opportunities. The WHO also acknowledges that poverty is a major cause of ill-health and premature death around the world.
If you are referring to a specific term or concept that goes by a different name, please provide more context so I can give a more accurate response.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "retirement" is not a term that has a medical definition. Retirement generally refers to the point in a person's life when they stop working or withdraw from one's position or occupation. It is often associated with reaching a certain age or becoming eligible for pension benefits. However, it's important to note that retirement can have various physical and mental health implications, as it can impact social connections, cognitive stimulation, financial security, and daily structure, among other factors. These impacts can be either positive or negative, depending on the individual's circumstances and experiences during retirement.
Logistic models, specifically logistic regression models, are a type of statistical analysis used in medical and epidemiological research to identify the relationship between the risk of a certain health outcome or disease (dependent variable) and one or more independent variables, such as demographic factors, exposure variables, or other clinical measurements.
In contrast to linear regression models, logistic regression models are used when the dependent variable is binary or dichotomous in nature, meaning it can only take on two values, such as "disease present" or "disease absent." The model uses a logistic function to estimate the probability of the outcome based on the independent variables.
Logistic regression models are useful for identifying risk factors and estimating the strength of associations between exposures and health outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders, and predicting the probability of an outcome given certain values of the independent variables. They can also be used to develop clinical prediction rules or scores that can aid in decision-making and patient care.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Wales" is not a medical term. It is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, located in Western Europe. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those!
Longitudinal studies are a type of research design where data is collected from the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time, often years or even decades. These studies are used to establish patterns of changes and events over time, and can help researchers identify causal relationships between variables. They are particularly useful in fields such as epidemiology, psychology, and sociology, where the focus is on understanding developmental trends and the long-term effects of various factors on health and behavior.
In medical research, longitudinal studies can be used to track the progression of diseases over time, identify risk factors for certain conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. For example, a longitudinal study might follow a group of individuals over several decades to assess their exposure to certain environmental factors and their subsequent development of chronic diseases such as cancer or heart disease. By comparing data collected at multiple time points, researchers can identify trends and correlations that may not be apparent in shorter-term studies.
Longitudinal studies have several advantages over other research designs, including their ability to establish temporal relationships between variables, track changes over time, and reduce the impact of confounding factors. However, they also have some limitations, such as the potential for attrition (loss of participants over time), which can introduce bias and affect the validity of the results. Additionally, longitudinal studies can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, requiring significant resources and a long-term commitment from both researchers and study participants.
"Marital status" is not a medical term, but it is often used in medical records and forms to indicate whether a person is single, married, divorced, widowed, or in a civil union. It is a social determinant of health that can have an impact on a person's access to healthcare, health behaviors, and health outcomes. For example, research has shown that people who are unmarried, divorced, or widowed may have worse health outcomes than those who are married. However, it is important to note that this relationship is complex and influenced by many other factors, including socioeconomic status, age, and overall health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "disabled persons" are those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which may hinder their participation in society on an equal basis with others. The term "disability" is not meant to be understood as a 'personal tragedy' but rather as a complex interaction between the features of a person's body and mind, the activities they wish to perform and the physical and social barriers they encounter in their environment.
It's important to note that the term 'disabled persons' has been largely replaced by 'people with disabilities' or 'persons with disabilities' in many contexts, as it is considered more respectful and empowering to put the person first, rather than focusing on their disability. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) uses the term "persons with disabilities" throughout its text.
"Sick leave" is not a medical term, but rather a term used in the context of employment and human resources. It refers to the time off from work that an employee is allowed to take due to illness or injury, for which they may still receive payment. The specific policies regarding sick leave, such as how much time is granted and whether it is paid or unpaid, can vary based on the employer's policies, labor laws, and collective bargaining agreements.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "student dropouts" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It generally refers to students who leave school or university before completing their course of study. This can have various social, psychological, and educational implications, but it does not fall under the category of medical definitions.
A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.
In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.
Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.
Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.
Regression analysis is a statistical technique used in medicine, as well as in other fields, to examine the relationship between one or more independent variables (predictors) and a dependent variable (outcome). It allows for the estimation of the average change in the outcome variable associated with a one-unit change in an independent variable, while controlling for the effects of other independent variables. This technique is often used to identify risk factors for diseases or to evaluate the effectiveness of medical interventions. In medical research, regression analysis can be used to adjust for potential confounding variables and to quantify the relationship between exposures and health outcomes. It can also be used in predictive modeling to estimate the probability of a particular outcome based on multiple predictors.
In the context of healthcare, "crowding" refers to a situation where there are more patients seeking care than the available resources (such as space, staff, and equipment) can accommodate. This can lead to prolonged wait times, decreased quality of care, and increased risks for patients and healthcare workers. Crowding is often seen in emergency departments and can be caused by factors such as an influx of patients, lack of hospital beds, or inefficient patient flow.
I'm not sure what you mean by "Women, Working" as it is not a medical term. However, I can provide some information about the relationship between women's health and work.
Women's occupational health is an important area of study that focuses on the physical, mental, and social well-being of women in the workplace. Women face unique health challenges in the workplace, including exposure to hazardous substances, musculoskeletal disorders, sexual harassment, and job stress.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines occupational health as "the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations." This definition applies to women as much as it does to men. However, due to various factors such as gender roles, societal expectations, and discrimination, women may face additional barriers to achieving optimal health in the workplace.
Therefore, "Women, Working" can be defined in a broader context as the study of the physical, mental, and social well-being of women in relation to their work and employment. This definition encompasses various aspects of women's occupational health, including but not limited to exposure to hazards, job stress, work-life balance, and gender discrimination.
A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Urban Population" is not a medical term. It is a demographic term used to describe the portion of a country's population that lives in areas classified as urban. The United Nations defines an urban area as a city, town, or other agglomeration with a population of 20,000 or more. However, the specific definition can vary by country and organization.
In contrast, medical terms typically refer to conditions, diseases, symptoms, treatments, or healthcare-related concepts. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to help if I can!
"Sex factors" is a term used in medicine and epidemiology to refer to the differences in disease incidence, prevalence, or response to treatment that are observed between males and females. These differences can be attributed to biological differences such as genetics, hormones, and anatomy, as well as social and cultural factors related to gender.
For example, some conditions such as autoimmune diseases, depression, and osteoporosis are more common in women, while others such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer are more prevalent in men. Additionally, sex differences have been observed in the effectiveness and side effects of various medications and treatments.
It is important to consider sex factors in medical research and clinical practice to ensure that patients receive appropriate and effective care.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "housing" is not a term that has a medical definition. In a general sense, housing refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house or apartment. If you have any questions related to healthcare, medicine, or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them.
Health status disparities refer to differences in the health outcomes that are observed between different populations. These populations can be defined by various sociodemographic factors such as race, ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, disability, income, education level, and geographic location. Health status disparities can manifest as differences in rates of illness, disease prevalence or incidence, morbidity, mortality, access to healthcare services, and quality of care received. These disparities are often the result of systemic inequities and social determinants of health that negatively impact certain populations, leading to worse health outcomes compared to other groups. It is important to note that health status disparities are preventable and can be addressed through targeted public health interventions and policies aimed at reducing health inequities.
Unemployment
Unemployment extension
Technological unemployment
Structural unemployment
Graduate unemployment
Frictional unemployment
Unemployment benefits
Youth unemployment
Involuntary unemployment
Unemployment Trust Fund
Unemployment Action Center
International Unemployment Day
Unemployment Insurance Act
Unemployment in Hungary
Unemployment in Brazil
Unemployment in Spain
Unemployment in Croatia
Unemployment in Poland
European unemployment insurance
Effective unemployment rate
Unemployment in China
Unemployment in Turkey
Unemployment Assistance Board
Unemployment in France
Unemployment in Scotland
The Unemployment Club
Unemployment in India
California unemployment statistics
Unemployment in Russia
Unemployment Act 1934
Unemployment - Wikipedia
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The other unemployment rate
Unemployment benefit
State employment and unemployment, December 2011
Unemployment Fraud Detection | SAS
Military spouse unemployment | Deloitte Insights
Unemployment at 4-year low
Unemployment Archives - Employer Services Insights
Unemployment
State Unemployment Compensation Agencies | Nolo
unemployment - Presentations, Infographics, Videos, Documents
How Unemployment Theft Happens | Equifax
Verizon Strike Boosts Unemployment Aid Requests
Eurozone unemployment rises to new record
DocuShare Unemployment Insurance Case Study - Xerox
Unemployment | CEDEFOP
Department of Unemployment Assistance | Mass.gov
DWD: August 2021: Regional Unemployment Map
AARP Answers: Unemployment and the Coronavirus
How to Collect Unemployment Benefits | Nolo
Division of Unemployment Insurance
Spain pains from long-term unemployment | CNN Business
Unemployment Appeals in Michigan | Coronavirus Outbreak | Nolo
Unemployment rate won't exceed 3.5% | The Star
National Unemployment Rate Holds at 9.7 Percent
MDOL Unemployment: PUA ID and Employment Verification
20211
- Per federal guidance in the Continued Assistance Act of 2020, all new Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) claims filed after January 31, 2021 are subject to identity verification. (maine.gov)
Expanded unemployment benefits1
- Another Bloodbath Week for Unemployment The only sliver of good news is that expanded unemployment benefits will help keep more people financially afloat for a while. (nymag.com)
Emerging unemployment insurance1
- Stay on top of new and emerging unemployment insurance fraud schemes with analytical models that are continuously updated and improved based on results from across states and agencies. (sas.com)
Measuring the unemployment rate1
- Because of the difficulty in measuring the unemployment rate by, for example, using surveys (as in the United States) or through registered unemployed citizens (as in some European countries), statistical figures such as the employment-to-population ratio might be more suitable for evaluating the status of the workforce and the economy if they were based on people who are registered, for example, as taxpayers. (wikipedia.org)
Rate43
- Unemployment is measured by the unemployment rate, which is the number of people who are unemployed as a percentage of the labour force (the total number of people employed added to those unemployed). (wikipedia.org)
- The unemployment rate is still near a 50-year low, but more people keep dropping out of the workforce. (nymag.com)
- The unemployment rate only measures people who have searched for jobs in the last four weeks, while millions of other out-of-work Americans aren't included. (cnn.com)
- Along with the official unemployment rate, the Department of Labor also calculates something called the employment-population ratio , which measures the percent of the U.S. adult population that has a job. (cnn.com)
- That paints a much bleaker picture of the job market than the unemployment rate, which has fallen considerably in the last year. (cnn.com)
- Ultimately, the measure is really showing just how engaged the American population is in wage-earning jobs, arguably a better gauge of economy than the unemployment rate. (cnn.com)
- But while the indicator is clearly more intuitive than the unemployment rate, it's not a perfect measure of the job market either. (cnn.com)
- Another problem with the ratio is that it can be just as politicized as the unemployment rate. (cnn.com)
- Many Republicans cried foul when the unemployment rate unexpectedly dropped two weeks ago. (cnn.com)
- Even before the COVID-19 crisis, military spouse unemployment was more than seven times the national average and had been holding consistently at that rate since approximately 2012. (deloitte.com)
- The rate depends on the amount of wages, the number of employees, and also the number of charges to the employer's unemployment account. (nolo.com)
- While the eurozone's unemployment rate has been rising steadily for the past year as the economy struggled with a financial crisis and government spending cuts, the United States has seen its equivalent rate fall to 7.8 percent. (yahoo.com)
- With surveys suggesting that firms are becoming more reluctant to hire, the eurozone unemployment rate looks set to rise further, placing more pressure on struggling households," said Ben May, European economist at Capital Economics. (yahoo.com)
- Once again, Spain held the ignominious position of having the highest unemployment rate in the eurozone, at 25.8 percent. (yahoo.com)
- Greece may yet surpass that - its unemployment rate mushroomed to 25.1 percent in July, the latest available figure, and is due to increase in the face of what many economists are calling an economic depression. (yahoo.com)
- The lowest unemployment rate in the eurozone was Austria's 4.4 percent. (yahoo.com)
- Job growth returned to the U.S. in January, with nonfarm payrolls increasing by 49,000 while the unemployment rate fell to 6.3%, the Labor Department said Friday in the first employment report of the Biden administration. (cnbc.com)
- The sharp drop in the unemployment came as the labor force participation rate edged lower to 61.4% and 406,000 workers left the labor force. (cnbc.com)
- We especially shouldn't take solace that the unemployment rate fell dramatically given that's mainly because more Americans dropped out of the labor force. (cnbc.com)
- SHAH ALAM: Malaysia's unemployment rate is manageable and not expected to exceed 3.5 per cent this year amid the global economic slowdown, Human Resources Minister, Datuk Seri Richard Riot said. (thestar.com.my)
- I believe if the average unemployment rate of 3.1 per cent goes up, it will not likely exceed 3.5 per cent. (thestar.com.my)
- I believe with projects such as the Petronas Pengerang Integrated Complex and Samalaju Industrial Park in Sarawak, the unemployment rate in Malaysia is not going to exceed 3.5 per cent," he added. (thestar.com.my)
- The latest key statistics for the labour force in Malaysia showed the unemployment rate in November 2016 was at 3.4 per cent. (thestar.com.my)
- Despite the Bureau of Labor Statistics' report that U.S. unemployment fell to 7.7 percent in February, the real jobless rate stands at 23 percent. (truthdig.com)
- Despite 9 million Americans remaining out of work, economists hailed the drop of the U.S. unemployment rate to its lowest level since 2008 on Friday. (truthdig.com)
- Former press secretary and current Obama adviser Robert Gibbs took on our country's proud new unemployment rate truthers during an appearance on NBC 's Meet the Press today. (nymag.com)
- I assume, David, there's a number of people that believe the real unemployment rate is somewhere in a safe in Nairobi with the president's Kenyan birth certificate," he told host David Gregory before calling the idea of the White House meddling with Friday's jobs report "absolutely crazy. (nymag.com)
- Millions of Americans have filed for unemployment benefits because the economic standstill triggered by the coronavirus pandemic has pushed the nation's jobless rate to the highest level since the Great Depression . (foxbusiness.com)
- By Sherry Saunders, Director of Communications, Business and Professional Women's Foundation I think we all were heartened by the news in November that while 13 million Americans remain out of work, the overall unemployment rate decreased from 9.9 percent to 8.6 percent. (feminist.org)
- To assess social conditions prevailing in the département in that year, we construct measures of the unemployment rate as well as other social, economic and demographic variables using multiple waves of the French Labor Survey. (repec.org)
- Statistics released today show a 6.7 percent unemployment rate up from 6.4 percent in December. (scoop.co.nz)
- In the last decade, the employment rate in Yorkshire and the Humber has risen by four percentage points and the unemployment rate has fallen by nearly half. (yorkshirepost.co.uk)
- Even if the overall unemployment rate falls in the coming months and years, the gap between men and women may persist. (npr.org)
- Employers in the U.S. added 339,000 new jobs in May, far surpassing expectations, and the unemployment rate increased to 3.7 percent, according to the latest employment report from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics . (shrm.org)
- While the unemployment rate rose to 3.7 percent, it remains near historic lows, and with more than 10 million job openings, American businesses are still hiring. (shrm.org)
- The large spike in the unemployment rate is the largest monthly increase since the early days of the pandemic as both more employed people entered unemployment and fewer unemployed people found a job. (shrm.org)
- And an even larger and arguably more concerning spike in the Black unemployment rate threatens to reverse substantial gains made over the past few years. (shrm.org)
- 2010-12-13T04:31:36-05:00 https://ximage.c-spanvideo.org/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJwaWN0dXJlcy5jLXNwYW52aWRlby5vcmciLCJrZXkiOiJGaWxlc1wvOTg2XC8yOTcwMjYtbS5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsiZml0IjoiY292ZXIiLCJoZWlnaHQiOjUwNn19fQ== Panelists talked about the U.S. job market and initiatives that might help lower the unemployment rate. (c-span.org)
- Panelists talked about the U.S. job market and initiatives that might help lower the unemployment rate. (c-span.org)
- The unemployment rate is a marked improvement from the pandemic low point - a 14.7% jobless rate in April -- but with at least 170,000 new coronavirus cases being recorded in the U.S. day after day, state governors and municipal officials have been imposing new restrictions on business activity after months ago lifting similar curbs as the advance of the virus seemed to ebb. (voanews.com)
- Some experts believe the unemployment rate will eventually surpass 20%, nearing the all-time high of 24.9% in 1933, in the middle of the Great Depression. (bayoubuzz.com)
- These data are featured in the TED article, Unemployment rate falls to 8.6 percent in November 2011 . (bls.gov)
- The course continues by studying the labour market, unemployment and the Phillips curve, and ends with an introduction to the currency market where exchange rates and exchange rate regimes are analysed. (lu.se)
Receive unemployment benefits4
- If you recently lost your job through no fault of your own, are unable to work due to a natural disaster or quit for good cause related to the work or the employer, you may be eligible to receive unemployment benefits . (mo.gov)
- If you received a Form 1099-G and did not receive unemployment benefits from UI Online or PUA during the past year, please complete our secure fraud reporting form . (mass.gov)
- If you file a new claim on or after July 2, 2023, the maximum number of weeks for which you may receive unemployment benefits is 26. (mass.gov)
- What's more, under the recent federal COVID response bill, you can receive unemployment benefits for up to 79 weeks through the various relief programs the federal government has created. (aarp.org)
Benefits76
- Why Pandemic Unemployment Benefits (Probably) Won't Be Extended Delta is extending the pandemic, but Congress isn't extending UI. (nymag.com)
- Democrats Must Stop the IRS From Eating the Unemployed's Stimulus Checks If Biden doesn't forgive the taxes on millions of Americans' unemployment benefits, they might not forgive him for their giant surprise tax bills. (nymag.com)
- Nevada Sex Workers Are Getting Stiffed by Brothels, the Government - and COVID Barred from both working and receiving unemployment benefits, sex workers are struggling to survive the inequality of the socially distanced economy. (nymag.com)
- If you've recently lost your job in Florida, you may be eligible for Florida Unemployment Insurance benefits. (aol.com)
- This is a guide to filing your claim for Florida unemployment benefits. (aol.com)
- Record-high unemployment claims during the COVID-19 pandemic heightened the risk of unemployment insurance fraud, costing states hundreds of millions of dollars and delaying delivery of benefits to people in need. (sas.com)
- SAS helps unemployment agencies ensure the integrity of their unemployment benefits programs by detecting unemployment insurance fraud faster without jeopardizing legitimate payments to individuals. (sas.com)
- Precise targeting dramatically reduces false positives, ensuring that the people who need unemployment benefits receive them without delay. (sas.com)
- Eligible claimants may receive up to 20 weeks of unemployment insurance benefits through the state.Before applying, check to see if you qualify for unemployment benefits . (mo.gov)
- Use these calculators to estimate the unemployment benefits for which you may be eligible. (mo.gov)
- Estimate the unemployment benefits available for full-time workers . (mo.gov)
- Missourians who leave their job and relocate to be with a spouse active in the military can file for unemployment benefits for up to 20 weeks . (mo.gov)
- A claimant, an employer, or a licensed attorney can file an appeal following unemployment benefits determination. (mo.gov)
- Unemployment benefits are cash benefits to help eligible individuals who lose their job. (nolo.com)
- Recession and unemployment make it more difficult for the eurozone to deal with its debt problem - governments need to pay more benefits to the jobless and receive fewer tax revenues. (yahoo.com)
- As part of a nationwide unemployment benefits fraud scheme, criminal enterprises are using stolen personal information to try to fraudulently file unemployment claims. (mass.gov)
- If you believe someone is using your identity to falsely claim unemployment benefits, learn how to report the fraud and what to do to protect yourself. (mass.gov)
- Can I get unemployment benefits because I lost my job due to the coronavirus? (aarp.org)
- In most cases, if you lost your job as a result of the shutdowns related to the pandemic , you may be eligible for unemployment benefits. (aarp.org)
- Unemployment benefits are available to employees in every state who are out of work through no fault of their own. (nolo.com)
- Unemployment benefits are typically paid on a weekly basis, at a certain percentage of your past earnings, for a set period of time (usually up to 26 weeks). (nolo.com)
- This page will help you determine whether you are eligible for benefits, how to file a claim for unemployment, how to calculate your weekly benefit amount, and how to challenge a denial of benefits. (nolo.com)
- Do You Qualify for Unemployment Benefits? (nolo.com)
- Unemployment benefits are meant to act as a temporary safety net for employees who are out of work through no fault of their own -- to tide them over until they can find a new job. (nolo.com)
- Unemployment Benefits: What If You're Fired? (nolo.com)
- Some reasons for termination might make you ineligible for unemployment benefits. (nolo.com)
- Unemployment Benefits: What If You Quit? (nolo.com)
- If you quit a job without good cause, you may not qualify for unemployment benefits. (nolo.com)
- Can I get unemployment benefits if I quit my job to care for my injured child? (nolo.com)
- Find out if you can still get unemployment benefits if you quit to take care of your injured child? (nolo.com)
- What Can Disqualify You From Unemployment Benefits? (nolo.com)
- Learn how -- and where -- to file your claim for unemployment benefits. (nolo.com)
- Unemployment Benefits: How Much Will You Get? (nolo.com)
- Should You Talk to a Lawyer If Your Unemployment Benefits Are Denied? (nolo.com)
- If you decide to challenge an unfair denial of unemployment benefits, your ex-employer will probably be represented by a lawyer throughout the process, and you should be too. (nolo.com)
- Do you have to pay income tax on unemployment benefits? (nolo.com)
- Have questions about taxes and unemployment benefits? (nj.gov)
- For more information about income taxes and unemployment benefits, click here . (nj.gov)
- If your claim for unemployment benefits has been denied in Michigan, you may think that you're out of luck. (nolo.com)
- In Michigan, as in all other states, you have the right to appeal a denial of unemployment benefits. (nolo.com)
- This article explains common reasons why unemployment claims are denied, how to appeal a denial of unemployment benefits, and how to argue your case. (nolo.com)
- For more information on unemployment benefits in general, see our Collecting Unemployment Benefits page. (nolo.com)
- In Michigan (as in most states), you must have earned a minimum amount in wages from employers who are covered by the state's unemployment laws (most are), during a 12-month stretch called the " base period ," in order to qualify for benefits. (nolo.com)
- For more information on the earnings requirements, and the other requirements listed below, see Collecting Unemployment Benefits in Michigan . (nolo.com)
- It's not always worthwhile to appeal a denial of unemployment benefits. (nolo.com)
- President Joe Biden's administration has been pushing through a $1.9 trillion rescue package that includes direct payment to Americans and enhanced unemployment benefits. (cnbc.com)
- States use the money to administer regular unemployment benefits, while the extra $600 weekly payments for laid-off workers stems from the federal stimulus package signed at the end of March. (foxbusiness.com)
- How do I know if I am eligible for Unemployment Insurance Benefits? (uwm.edu)
- How do I apply for Unemployment Insurance Benefits? (uwm.edu)
- How has COVID-19 impacted Unemployment Insurance Benefits? (uwm.edu)
- What is UWM's role in Unemployment Benefits? (uwm.edu)
- UWM's role in Unemployment Insurance Benefits is to act as a middle party between a claimant and the State of Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development (Unemployment Insurance Division). (uwm.edu)
- Since UWM does not manage the Unemployment Insurance Benefits process we are unable to control certain factors, especially how information is communicated. (uwm.edu)
- However, we have a team dedicated to managing the Unemployment Insurance Benefits process to ensure we are responding in a timely and accurate manner to all requests of information from the State of Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. (uwm.edu)
- Who do I contact at UWM regarding my Unemployment Insurance Benefits concerns? (uwm.edu)
- WASHINGTON - State unemployment agencies are gearing up to resume sending unemployment payments to millions of people as Congress moves to ship President Barack Obama a measure to restore lapsed benefits. (newsday.com)
- State unemployment and labor agencies have been preparing for weeks for Congress to restore jobless payments averaging $309 a week for almost 5 million people whose 26 weeks of state benefits have run out. (newsday.com)
- Those people are enrolled in a federally financed program providing up to 73 additional weeks of unemployment benefits. (newsday.com)
- P aying unemployment insurance benefits to those who lose their jobs provides them with financial support as they look for work. (nber.org)
- In US Unemployment Insurance Replacement Rates during the Pandemic (NBER Working Paper 27216 ), Peter Ganong , Pascal J. Noel , and Joseph S. Vavra calculate the distribution of unemployment insurance benefits under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. (nber.org)
- Under this legislation, the federal government added $600 per week to state unemployment insurance (UI) benefits. (nber.org)
- As a result, the researchers estimate, half of the eligible unemployed are now entitled to total unemployment benefits that replace at least 134 percent of their lost wages. (nber.org)
- The CARES Act adds the same fixed amount to all workers' benefits, which leads to unemployment benefits that exceed wages at the lower end of the wage distribution. (nber.org)
- The generosity of unemployment benefits varies across states, but prior to CARES most states replaced 30-50 percent of lost earnings. (nber.org)
- In the bottom 20 percent of the income distribution, total unemployment benefits - UI plus CARES - are more than twice lost wages. (nber.org)
- Because median lost wages are much lower than mean lost wages, and the CARES benefit boost was designed to generate a 100 percent earnings replacement for someone with mean earnings, total unemployment benefits now exceed lost wages for the median unemployed worker in every state. (nber.org)
- They note that a federal policy that topped up state UI benefits to a fixed percentage of the prior earnings that states use to calculate unemployment benefits would do a superior job of replacing lost income without paying benefits that exceed lost wages. (nber.org)
- Since its inception in 1937, Michigan's unemployment benefits system has been among the nation's most productive, outlasting the state's automotive and other industrial and manufacturing sectors to become Michigan's most enduring job-provider. (theonion.com)
- Employers pay taxes into the unemployment insurance (UI) program to finance benefits for workers recently unemployed, with employers paying different tax rates based on factors like the health of the state's UI fund and the business's layoff history. (taxfoundation.org)
- Unemployment insurance is a joint federal-state social insurance program that finances benefits for recently unemployed workers through taxes on employers. (taxfoundation.org)
- FILE - A COVID-19 Unemployment Assistance Updates logo is displayed on a smartphone against the backdrop of an application for unemployment benefits, in Arlington, Virginia. (voanews.com)
- What Do Unemployment Benefits Look Like in Each State? (tcf.org)
- A new application for unemployment benefits or to restart unemployment benefits after a subsequent period of unemployment benefits within a benefit year. (tcf.org)
- Ongoing claims for unemployment benefits, including weeks that are paid and weeks that are pending or serving a disqualification. (tcf.org)
- A CARES Act program that expanded states' ability to provide unemployment insurance for many workers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, including for workers who are not ordinarily eligible for unemployment benefits, including independent contractors, self-employed, students and youth, and others who may be unable to prove prior-year income. (tcf.org)
- Another 4.5 million Americans applied for unemployment benefits last week. (bayoubuzz.com)
Pandemic2
- Organized crime rings are committing unemployment insurance fraud on a massive scale through both standard claim filings and the Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) program. (sas.com)
- As millions file for unemployment, many are now dealing with a pandemic-related ripple effect: a massive loss of employment-dependent health and dental insurance across America. (feminist.org)
Claimants3
- Unemployment claimants must verify their identity using the security vendor ID.me. (nj.gov)
- Along with states across the country, the Department has partnered with trusted technology partner ID.me to help bolster current fraud prevention measures and protect unemployment claimants. (maine.gov)
- The average weekly amount claimants collect for weeks of total unemployment. (tcf.org)
State's unemployment agency2
Effects of unemployment2
- In addition to theories of unemployment, a few categorisations of unemployment are used for more precisely modelling the effects of unemployment within the economic system. (wikipedia.org)
- Understanding the unemployed : the psychological effects of unemployment / John Hayes and Peter Nutman. (who.int)
Federal and state unemployment1
- Most employers will have to pay both federal and state unemployment taxes, which fund unemployment insurance programs. (nolo.com)
Economists3
- Economists distinguish between various overlapping types of and theories of unemployment, including cyclical or Keynesian unemployment, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment and classical unemployment definition. (wikipedia.org)
- But the pace of gains is still below the roughly 250,000 jobs per month over a sustained period that economists say is needed to significantly reduce unemployment. (msnbc.com)
- With the eurozone economy fading, most economists think unemployment will keep increasing over the coming months and that the deteriorating economic picture will soon spook investors again after a brief hiatus. (yahoo.com)
Employers3
- Employers must follow their state's requirements for paying unemployment taxes, reporting new employees , and responding to unemployment claims. (nolo.com)
- The Department of Unemployment Assistance serves Massachusetts residents who are unemployed and looking for work, and employers that are legally required to contribute to the state's unemployment insurance (UI) program. (mass.gov)
- Business owners have multiple unemployment tax obligations, however: States also impose a payroll tax on employers for unemployment (the State Unemployment Tax Act, or SUTA). (foxbusiness.com)
Insurance21
- Quickly detect high-impact unemployment insurance fraud that may indicate organized crime or identity theft rings. (sas.com)
- Gain a networked view of risk for unemployment insurance fraud to identify patterns hidden in huge volumes of unemployment claims data. (sas.com)
- Find more unemployment insurance fraud faster with a solution that can be up and running in three weeks. (sas.com)
- Take a hybrid approach to unemployment insurance fraud detection. (sas.com)
- The Division of Employment Security administers the Unemployment Insurance benefit and tax system in Missouri. (mo.gov)
- Find your state's agency that handles employer unemployment insurance taxes and other employment-related matters. (nolo.com)
- Any business with employees will need to pay unemployment insurance taxes , report new hires, and comply with other filing and reporting requirements. (nolo.com)
- If you are required to pay unemployment insurance taxes, you will need to register with your state's workforce tax agency. (nolo.com)
- Below are links to each state agency that handles business employment matters, including unemployment insurance tax, employee reporting requirements, and other employee-related matters. (nolo.com)
- DUA oversees the unemployment insurance (UI) program, which provides temporary income assistance to eligible workers in Massachusetts. (mass.gov)
- Each state in the U.S. maintains an unemployment insurance system to provide support for people who are out of work and looking for a new job. (nolo.com)
- Is Unemployment Insurance Taxable Income? (nolo.com)
- Knowing what to expect in the mail can help you better manage your Unemployment Insurance claim. (nj.gov)
- You will receive a determination letter from the Michigan Unemployment Insurance Agency (UIA) if your unemployment claim has been denied. (nolo.com)
- The staggering number of unemployment claims has left half of U.S. states with double-digit percentage declines in their insurance programs since the end of February. (foxbusiness.com)
- by Hannah Gordon, Feminist Majority Foundation Welcome to the seventh #HERvotes blog carnival on the need to protect women and employment during these tough economic times, with a focus on the importance of extending Unemployment Insurance (UI) before the December 31st deadline. (feminist.org)
- by Michael J. Wilson Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) was founded in 1947 by Eleanor Roosevelt and other liberal luminaries in order to protect the legacy of her husband, the recently-deceased President Franklin Roosevelt, a legacy that included unemployment insurance (UI). (feminist.org)
- The resulting delays required two temporary unemployment insurance extensions - one came only after a lapse in coverage because Reid adjourned the Senate for its two-week Easter recess rather than engage in a battle with Republicans. (newsday.com)
- LANSING, MI-In another devastating blow to the state's already fragile economy, the Unemployment Insurance Agency of the state of Michigan permanently shuttered its nine branch offices Monday, leaving more than 8,500 unemployment employees unemployed. (theonion.com)
- Unemployment insurance taxes fund a social insurance program jointly operated by the federal and state governments. (taxfoundation.org)
- Unemployment insurance denials as a percent of all claims. (tcf.org)
Effect of Unemployment4
- Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime ," Journal of Law and Economics , University of Chicago Press, vol. 44(1), pages 259-283, April. (repec.org)
- Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime ," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt5hb4h56g, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. (repec.org)
- Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime ," CEPR Discussion Papers 2129, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. (repec.org)
- For the first case we found that the aggregated effect of unemployment is way larger than if you would sum your individual effect. (lu.se)
Workers9
- Voluntary unemployment includes workers who reject low-wage jobs, but involuntary unemployment includes workers fired because of an economic crisis, industrial decline, company bankruptcy, or organizational restructuring. (wikipedia.org)
- The clearest cases of involuntary unemployment are those with fewer job vacancies than unemployed workers even when wages are allowed to adjust and so even if all vacancies were to be filled, some unemployed workers would still remain. (wikipedia.org)
- Workers are eligible for unemployment compensation only if they are temporarily out of work through no fault of their own. (nolo.com)
- However, a more encompassing measure of unemployment that includes discouraged workers and those holding part-time positions for economic reasons also fell, dropping to 11.1% from 11.7% in December. (cnbc.com)
- Under the Federal Unemployment Tax Act, the government can tax businesses in order to collect money that will then be repurposed to state unemployment agencies and paid out to workers who have been laid off. (foxbusiness.com)
- Since Mid-March, about 22 million workers have filed unemployment claims. (feminist.org)
- Stephen Evans, chief executive of Learning and Work Institute, said that if just one in three workers in shutdown sectors lose their jobs, unemployment in Yorkshire could increase to a higher level than during the last recession. (yorkshirepost.co.uk)
- Despite seemingly grim prospects for the Michigan unemployment industry in the near future, Gov. Granholm expressed solidarity with the laid-off UIA workers, saying that she was 'confident' the state will once again have a thriving unemployment industry. (theonion.com)
- Seasonally adjusted, a total of 742,000 jobless workers filed new applications for unemployment compensation, up 31,000 from the revised figure of the week before. (voanews.com)
Americans1
- More Than 22 Million Americans Have Filed for Unemployment in the Past Month Last week, another 5.2 million people lost their jobs in the U.S. as the coronavirus continues to ravage the economy. (nymag.com)
Real unemployment1
- John Williams, the economist and statistician behind Shadow Government Statistics , a site that seeks to show how government reports on the economy are manipulated to hide bad news, reveals that in addition to being three times what the official figure shows, real unemployment is rising, not falling. (truthdig.com)
Reduce unemployment1
- Does Self-Employment Reduce Unemployment? (repec.org)
Recession2
- Unemployment can have many sources, such as the following: new technologies and inventions the status of the economy, which can be influenced by a recession competition caused by globalization and international trade policies of the government regulation and market Unemployment and the status of the economy can be influenced by a country through, for example, fiscal policy. (wikipedia.org)
- As the graph above shows, there was basically no difference in unemployment rates for men and women before the recession. (npr.org)
Crisis3
- LONDON (AP) - Unemployment in the 17-country eurozone hit a record high of 11.6 percent in September, official figures showed Wednesday, a sign the economy is deteriorating as governments struggle to get a grip on their three-year debt crisis. (yahoo.com)
- Both countries, which are at the heart of Europe's three-year debt crisis, have youth unemployment above 50 percent. (yahoo.com)
- Exclusive: New analysis shows that Yorkshire faces an unprecedented unemployment shock as a result of the growing coronavirus crisis. (yorkshirepost.co.uk)
Poverty1
- Material deprivation includes things such as family poverty and long-term parental unemployment. (medscape.com)
Claims4
- Today's 3.3 Million Job Losses Is Just the Start While the initial unemployment claims figure released on Thursday is shockingly high, it also is probably low. (nymag.com)
- Identify highly suspicious claims in real time using a combination of network analytics, machine learning techniques, and domain expertise from working with unemployment agencies across multiple states. (sas.com)
- U.S. unemployment benefit claims increased last week, the Labor Department reported Thursday, with the country's recent surge in coronavirus cases posing a new threat to the world's biggest economy. (voanews.com)
- This includes claims denied for reasons for unemployment or failure to search actively for work. (tcf.org)
State8
- The state of being without any work yet looking for work is called unemployment. (wikipedia.org)
- These data are featured in the TED article, State employment and unemployment, December 2011 . (bls.gov)
- SAS offers a cloud-based, rapid-response unemployment fraud detection solution that can be up and running in three weeks, taking the burden off strained state IT resources and providing valuable insights on identity theft and criminal rings. (sas.com)
- Our state has a long, hallowed history of unemployment, and with these closings, we have lost a vital part of our economic and social fabric. (theonion.com)
- People from all over the state used to come just to visit our unemployment office,' Ayers, 52, said. (theonion.com)
- No one, not even Michigan's state unemployment office, can elude market forces. (theonion.com)
- But there has been no evidence on movement toward a new estimated $2 trillion coronavirus relief aid package, including federal boosts to less generous state unemployment compensation. (voanews.com)
- The cash balance in the individual unemployment trust fund state account, not including loans as of the end of the month. (tcf.org)
Collect2
Entrepreneurship1
- Unemployment, being a social problem of undeniable gravity, encouraging entrepreneurship through self-employment, it has been shown as a promising route, albeit with complex effectiveness in the context of active policies. (bvsalud.org)
Search2
- In these terms, much or most of frictional unemployment is voluntary since it reflects individual search behavior. (wikipedia.org)
- Results of search for 'su:{Unemployment. (who.int)
Rates8
- Discussions of frictional unemployment focus on voluntary decisions to work based on individuals' valuation of their own work and how that compares to current wage rates added to the time and effort required to find a job. (wikipedia.org)
- Causes and solutions for frictional unemployment often address job entry threshold and wage rates. (wikipedia.org)
- One of the most pressing of those challenges is staggering unemployment (24%) and underemployment (31-51%) among military spouses, rates that have held for years despite hundreds of millions of dollars spent by the US Department of Defense (DoD) to address the issue and a complex network of nonprofit support. (deloitte.com)
- Riot said Malaysia had always been among countries with low unemployment rates averaging 3.1 per cent. (thestar.com.my)
- This paper investigates the dynamic interrelationship between self-employment and unemployment rates. (repec.org)
- On the one hand, unemployment rates may stimulate start-up activity of self-employed. (repec.org)
- On the other hand, higher rates of self-employment may indicate increased entrepreneurial activity reducing unemployment in subsequent periods. (repec.org)
- We use wavelet analysis to decompose time series covering ten countries 1913-2016, into short-run, medium-run, and long-run variations, and band spectrum regressions on the relation between unemployment, GDP, investment, interest rates and productivity. (lu.se)
Work5
- Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period. (wikipedia.org)
- To be eligible for unemployment , you must be able and available to work. (nolo.com)
- Long-term unemployment also was little changed at 4 million, while those without work for less than five weeks fell to 2.3 million. (cnbc.com)
- How do unemployment taxes work? (foxbusiness.com)
- Fifty-one-year-old Paul Huegli worked for the unemployment office for 25 years, and now finds himself in the odd position of competing for work against the very individuals he once served. (theonion.com)
Macroeconomic3
- That happens with cyclical unemployment, as macroeconomic forces cause microeconomic unemployment, which can boomerang back and exacerbate those macroeconomic forces. (wikipedia.org)
- This paper adopts a long-run view of macroeconomic history to explore the long-run relationship between unemployment and macroeconomic variables. (lu.se)
- unemployment and macroeconomic variables. (lu.se)
Disproportionately1
- Maori and Pasifika unemployment is again disproportionately high at 13.9 percent and 16.0 percent respectively. (scoop.co.nz)
Fraud4
- A single, end-to-end framework uses multiple techniques - automated business rules, predictive modeling, text mining, exception reporting, network link analysis, etc. - to better identify unemployment fraud and stop payments before they are made. (sas.com)
- With unemployment claim filings at an all-time high, many states lack the resources and tools to cope with the deluge and manual processes make fraud detection nearly impossible - until it's too late. (sas.com)
- Why choose SAS for unemployment fraud detection? (sas.com)
- To report fraud or get help with your claim, call Unemployment Customer Assistance at (877) 626-6800. (mass.gov)
Employer1
- If a former employee files an unemployment claim, the unemployment agency will notify the employer and give them a chance to respond and contest the claim . (nolo.com)
Youth9
- Second, we find that increases in youth unemployment induce increases in crime. (repec.org)
- To combat crime, it appears thus that all strategies designed to combat youth unemployment should be examined. (repec.org)
- Youth Unemployment and Crime in France ," IZA Discussion Papers 2009, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA). (repec.org)
- Youth Unemployment and Crime in France ," Journal of the European Economic Association , MIT Press, vol. 7(5), pages 909-938, September. (repec.org)
- Youth Unemployment and Crime in France ," CEPR Discussion Papers 5600, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. (repec.org)
- Youth Unemployment and Crime in France ," Working Papers 2007-33, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics. (repec.org)
- Youth unemployment figures are even more disturbing. (scoop.co.nz)
- 18.0 percent youth unemployment for 15-24 year olds shows the government really needs to bring focus and resource to this growing problem. (scoop.co.nz)
- Youth unemployment and employment policy : a global perspective / Niall O'Higgins. (who.int)
Percent2
- The Unemployment Situation Will Get Worse Before It Gets Better Friday's jobs report doesn't look too bad at first glance, showing March unemployment at 4.4 percent. (nymag.com)
- Taking potential structural breaks into consideration in each of the ten countries and ignoring other vari- ables, our results indicate that short- to long-run components of capi- tal formation explain between 40 percent and 81 percent of variations in unemployment. (lu.se)
Jobs3
- Unemployment Falls to Lowest Level Since 2000 - But Wage Growth Remains Tepid The new jobs report depicts a resolutely good economy - but still not a great one. (nymag.com)
- The Economy Added 228,000 Jobs in November As Unemployment Held Steady It's another sign of a robust, growing economy. (nymag.com)
- The report found that the increase in unemployment would have been bigger without the Government's unprecedented emergency measures to support businesses and protect jobs, including the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme. (yorkshirepost.co.uk)
Claim4
- If your unemployment claim is denied, here's how to appeal the decision. (nolo.com)
- Find out how much it will cost to get legal help with your unemployment claim. (nolo.com)
- Need in-person help with an unemployment claim? (nj.gov)
- If your claim for unemployment has been denied, you have the right to appeal. (nolo.com)
Economics1
- Though there have been several definitions of "voluntary" and "involuntary unemployment" in the economics literature, a simple distinction is often applied. (wikipedia.org)
Economy2
- Structural unemployment focuses on foundational problems in the economy and inefficiencies inherent in labor markets, including a mismatch between the supply and demand of laborers with necessary skill sets. (wikipedia.org)
- Low Unemployment Won't Save This Economy The labor market is still running hot, even after the Federal Reserve has been trying its hardest to slow things down. (nymag.com)
Labour1
- However, the existence of structural unemployment may reflect choices made by the unemployed in the past, and classical (natural) unemployment may result from the legislative and economic choices made by labour unions or political parties. (wikipedia.org)
Compensation1
- Answers to common questions on collecting unemployment compensation. (nolo.com)
Estimate1
- We estimate a classic Becker type model in which unemployment is a measure of how potential criminals fare in the legitimate job market. (repec.org)
Employees1
- In some cases UMass employees or former employees may be eligible for unemployment income based on UMass employment. (umass.edu)
File1
- How and Where Do I File For Unemployment? (nolo.com)