Ultrasonography prenatal. Medical search

The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.

The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.

Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.

Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality.

The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.

Ultrasonography of internal organs using an ultrasound transducer sometimes mounted on a fiberoptic endoscope. In endosonography the transducer converts electronic signals into acoustic pulses or continuous waves and acts also as a receiver to detect reflected pulses from within the organ. An audiovisual-electronic interface converts the detected or processed echo signals, which pass through the electronics of the instrument, into a form that the technologist can evaluate. The procedure should not be confused with ENDOSCOPY which employs a special instrument called an endoscope. The "endo-" of endosonography refers to the examination of tissue within hollow organs, with reference to the usual ultrasonography procedure which is performed externally or transcutaneously.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect combined with real-time imaging. The real-time image is created by rapid movement of the ultrasound beam. A powerful advantage of this technique is the ability to estimate the velocity of flow from the Doppler shift frequency.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with velocity detection combined with range discrimination. Short bursts of ultrasound are transmitted at regular intervals and the echoes are demodulated as they return.

Use of ultrasound for imaging the breast. The most frequent application is the diagnosis of neoplasms of the female breast.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.

The use of ultrasound to guide minimally invasive surgical procedures such as needle ASPIRATION BIOPSY; DRAINAGE; etc. Its widest application is intravascular ultrasound imaging but it is useful also in urology and intra-abdominal conditions.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A non-invasive technique using ultrasound for the measurement of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, particularly cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral collateral flow. With a high-intensity, low-frequency pulse probe, the intracranial arteries may be studied transtemporally, transorbitally, or from below the foramen magnum.

Percutaneous transabdominal puncture of the uterus during pregnancy to obtain amniotic fluid. It is commonly used for fetal karyotype determination in order to diagnose abnormal fetal conditions.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.

A method for diagnosis of fetal diseases by sampling the cells of the placental chorionic villi for DNA analysis, presence of bacteria, concentration of metabolites, etc. The advantage over amniocentesis is that the procedure can be carried out in the first trimester.

Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.

The middle third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 15th through the 28th completed week (99 to 196 days) of gestation.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Abortion performed because of possible fetal defects.

Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

The last third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 29th through the 42nd completed week (197 to 294 days) of gestation.

Radiography of any part of the urinary tract.

A cutaneous pouch of skin containing the testicles and spermatic cords.

Damages to the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN or the FETUS before BIRTH. Damages can be caused by any factors including biological, chemical, or physical.

Morphological and physiological development of FETUSES.

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.

Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM. Cysts can be of normal, abnormal, non-neoplastic, or neoplastic tissues.

The beginning third of a human PREGNANCY, from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (MENSTRUATION) through the completion of 14 weeks (98 days) of gestation.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Use of reflected ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial pathologic processes.

Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.

Abortion induced to save the life or health of a pregnant woman. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

An umbrella term used to describe a pattern of disabilities and abnormalities that result from fetal exposure to ETHANOL during pregnancy. It encompasses a phenotypic range that can vary greatly between individuals, but reliably includes one or more of the following: characteristic facial dysmorphism, FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION, central nervous system abnormalities, cognitive and/or behavioral dysfunction, BIRTH DEFECTS. The level of maternal alcohol consumption does not necessarily correlate directly with disease severity.

The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.

Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission.

That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Application of fingers with light pressure to the surface of the body to determine consistence of parts beneath in physical diagnosis; includes palpation for determining the outlines of organs.

Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.

General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY.

Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)

The genital canal in the female, extending from the UTERUS to the VULVA. (Stedman, 25th ed)

An educational process that provides information and advice to individuals or families about a genetic condition that may affect them. The purpose is to help individuals make informed decisions about marriage, reproduction, and other health management issues based on information about the genetic disease, the available diagnostic tests, and management programs. Psychosocial support is usually offered.

Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

The bond or lack thereof between a pregnant woman and her FETUS.

The articulation between the head of one phalanx and the base of the one distal to it, in each toe.

A small circumscribed mass in the THYROID GLAND that can be of neoplastic growth or non-neoplastic abnormality. It lacks a well-defined capsule or glandular architecture. Thyroid nodules are often benign but can be malignant. The growth of nodules can lead to a multinodular goiter (GOITER, NODULAR).

Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.

A condition of abnormally high AMNIOTIC FLUID volume, such as greater than 2,000 ml in the LAST TRIMESTER and usually diagnosed by ultrasonographic criteria (AMNIOTIC FLUID INDEX). It is associated with maternal DIABETES MELLITUS; MULTIPLE PREGNANCY; CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS; and congenital abnormalities.

A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.

The articulation between a metacarpal bone and a phalanx.

Human females who are pregnant, as cultural, psychological, or sociological entities.

The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).

Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)

Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A cystic growth originating from lymphatic tissue. It is usually found in the neck, axilla, or groin.

General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.

Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal chromosome constitution in which there is extra or missing chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment). (from Thompson et al., Genetics in Medicine, 5th ed, p429)

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

Pathological processes of the TESTIS.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Pregnancy in which the mother and/or FETUS are at greater than normal risk of MORBIDITY or MORTALITY. Causes include inadequate PRENATAL CARE, previous obstetrical history (ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS), pre-existing maternal disease, pregnancy-induced disease (GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION), and MULTIPLE PREGNANCY, as well as advanced maternal age above 35.

An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.

Act of listening for sounds within the body.

Female parents, human or animal.

The behavior patterns associated with or characteristic of a mother.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.

The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.

The three approximately equal periods of a normal human PREGNANCY. Each trimester is about three months or 13 to 14 weeks in duration depending on the designation of the first day of gestation.

Diseases of the GALLBLADDER. They generally involve the impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, neoplasms, or other diseases.

Identification of genetic carriers for a given trait.

Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.

An OOCYTE-containing structure in the cortex of the OVARY. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of GRANULOSA CELLS providing a nourishing microenvironment (FOLLICULAR FLUID). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of GONADOTROPINS.

The failure of a FETUS to attain its expected FETAL GROWTH at any GESTATIONAL AGE.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.

A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.

The duct which coveys URINE from the pelvis of the KIDNEY through the URETERS, BLADDER, and URETHRA.

Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed.

The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (CAROTID ARTERY, EXTERNAL) and internal (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL) carotid arteries.

A developmental anomaly in which a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue lacks normal connection with the tracheobroncheal tree and receives an anomalous blood supply originating from the descending thoracic or abdominal aorta. The mass may be extralobar, i.e., completely separated from normally connected lung, or intralobar, i.e., partly surrounded by normal lung.

The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell.

Any device or element which converts an input signal into an output signal of a different form. Examples include the microphone, phonographic pickup, loudspeaker, barometer, photoelectric cell, automobile horn, doorbell, and underwater sound transducer. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

Pathological processes of the URINARY TRACT in both males and females.

A congenital abnormality characterized by the persistence of the anal membrane, resulting in a thin membrane covering the normal ANAL CANAL. Imperforation is not always complete and is treated by surgery in infancy. This defect is often associated with NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS; MENTAL RETARDATION; and DOWN SYNDROME.

Using fine needles (finer than 22-gauge) to remove tissue or fluid specimens from the living body for examination in the pathology laboratory and for disease diagnosis.

The middle layer of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel.

The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of an individual from birth up to but not including ADOLESCENCE.

A HERNIA due to an imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical ring. It appears as a skin-covered protrusion at the UMBILICUS during crying, coughing, or straining. The hernia generally consists of OMENTUM or SMALL INTESTINE. The vast majority of umbilical hernias are congenital but can be acquired due to severe abdominal distention.

Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance. Distinguishing tendinosis from tendinitis is clinically difficult and can be made only after histopathological examination.

Detection of a MUTATION; GENOTYPE; KARYOTYPE; or specific ALLELES associated with genetic traits, heritable diseases, or predisposition to a disease, or that may lead to the disease in descendants. It includes prenatal genetic testing.

Radiography of the gallbladder after ingestion of a contrast medium.

The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.

Accumulation of serous fluid between the layers of membrane (tunica vaginalis) covering the TESTIS in the SCROTUM.

The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.

The collecting of fetal blood samples typically via ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND GUIDED FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION from the umbilical vein.

Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.

Congenital obliteration of the lumen of the intestine, with the ILEUM involved in 50% of the cases and the JEJUNUM and DUODENUM following in frequency. It is the most frequent cause of INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION in NEWBORNS. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order to visualize the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. Endoscopic (Vater) papillotomy (SPHINCTEROTOMY, ENDOSCOPIC) may be performed during this procedure.

Physical activity of the FETUS in utero. Gross or fine fetal body movement can be monitored by the mother, PALPATION, or ULTRASONOGRAPHY.

Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.

Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A severe intermittent and spasmodic pain in the lower back radiating to the groin, scrotum, and labia which is most commonly caused by a kidney stone (RENAL CALCULUS) passing through the URETER or by other urinary track blockage. It is often associated with nausea, vomiting, fever, restlessness, dull pain, frequent urination, and HEMATURIA.

Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow.

Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.

A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)

Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

Training for pregnant women and parents-to-be to prepare for CHILDBIRTH; CHILD CARE; and parenthood.

Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.

Non-invasive diagnostic technique for visualizing the PANCREATIC DUCTS and BILE DUCTS without the use of injected CONTRAST MEDIA or x-ray. MRI scans provide excellent sensitivity for duct dilatation, biliary stricture, and intraductal abnormalities.

Dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography using the added dimension of time to impart the cinematic perception of motion. (Mayo Clin Proc 1993;68:221-40)

Congenital defects of closure of one or more vertebral arches, which may be associated with malformations of the spinal cord, nerve roots, congenital fibrous bands, lipomas, and congenital cysts. These malformations range from mild (e.g., SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA) to severe, including rachischisis where there is complete failure of neural tube and spinal cord fusion, resulting in exposure of the spinal cord at the surface. Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA and the closed form is SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34)

Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.

Inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is usually painful, particularly on motion, and is characterized by a fluctuating swelling due to effusion within a synovial sac. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).

The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the uterus.

The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.

Injuries caused by impact with a blunt object where there is no penetration of the skin.

Congenital structural abnormalities and deformities of the musculoskeletal system.

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

A benign tumor resulting from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Lymphangioendothelioma is a type of lymphangioma in which endothelial cells are the dominant component.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

A group of Indian Ocean Islands, east of Tanzania. Their capital is Victoria. They were first claimed by the French in 1744 but taken by the English in 1794 and made a dependency of MAURITIUS in 1810. They became a crown colony in 1903 and a republic within the Commonwealth in 1976. They were named for the French finance minister, Jean Moreau de Sechelles, but respelled by the English in 1794. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1102 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p496)

A highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the TRACHEA. It secretes THYROID HORMONES from the follicular cells and CALCITONIN from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating METABOLISM and CALCIUM level in blood, respectively.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.

The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.

Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.

Validation of the SEX of an individual by inspection of the GONADS and/or by genetic tests.

Examination of the portal circulation by the use of X-ray films after injection of radiopaque material.

Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).

A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.

Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic tapeworms of the genus ECHINOCOCCUS, such as Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis. Ingested Echinococcus ova burrow into the intestinal mucosa. The larval migration to the liver via the PORTAL VEIN leads to watery vesicles (HYDATID CYST).

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Incision into the side of the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases or dysfunction of the urinary tract or its organs or demonstration of its physiological processes.

A malformation of the nervous system caused by failure of the anterior neuropore to close. Infants are born with intact spinal cords, cerebellums, and brainstems, but lack formation of neural structures above this level. The skull is only partially formed but the eyes are usually normal. This condition may be associated with folate deficiency. Affected infants are only capable of primitive (brain stem) reflexes and usually do not survive for more than two weeks. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p247)

Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.

Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.

Pain emanating from below the RIBS and above the ILIUM.

A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location.

Organic compounds in which mercury is attached to a methyl group.

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in two or more fetal compartments, such as SKIN; PLEURA; PERICARDIUM; PLACENTA; PERITONEUM; AMNIOTIC FLUID. General fetal EDEMA may be of non-immunologic origin, or of immunologic origin as in the case of ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS.

Presence of blood in the urine.

Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.

The vein accompanying the femoral artery in the same sheath; it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

A characteristic symptom complex.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (>96%) occur in the FALLOPIAN TUBES, known as TUBAL PREGNANCY. They can be in other locations, such as UTERINE CERVIX; OVARY; and abdominal cavity (PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL).

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

In females, the period that is shortly after giving birth (PARTURITION).

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.

The outer margins of the thorax containing SKIN, deep FASCIA; THORACIC VERTEBRAE; RIBS; STERNUM; and MUSCLES.

The weight of the FETUS in utero. It is usually estimated by various formulas based on measurements made during PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

The MUSCLES, bones (BONE AND BONES), and CARTILAGE of the body.

In utero measurement corresponding to the sitting height (crown to rump) of the fetus. Length is considered a more accurate criterion of the age of the fetus than is the weight. The average crown-rump length of the fetus at term is 36 cm. (From Williams Obstetrics, 18th ed, p91)

Specialized arterial vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry waste and deoxygenated blood from the FETUS to the mother via the PLACENTA. In humans, there are usually two umbilical arteries but sometimes one.

Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.

An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.

The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.

Detection of transposition of the great arteries in fetuses reduces neonatal morbidity and mortality. (1/4202)

BACKGROUND: Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a life-threatening malformation in neonates, but it is amenable to complete repair. Prenatal detection, diagnosis, and early management may modify neonatal mortality and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Preoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared in 68 neonates with prenatal diagnosis and in 250 neonates with a postnatal diagnosis of TGA over a period of 10 years. The delay between birth and admission was 2+/-2.8 hours in the prenatal group and 73+/-210 hours in the neonatal group (P<0.01). Clinical condition at arrival, including metabolic acidosis and multiorgan failure, was worse in the neonatal group (P<0.01). Once in the pediatric cardiology unit, the management was identical in the 2 groups (atrioseptostomy, PGE1 infusion, operation date). Preoperative mortality was 15 of 250 (6%; 95% CI, 3% to 9%) in the neonatal group and 0 of 68 in the prenatal group (P<0.05). Postoperative morbidity was not different (25 of 235 versus 6 of 68), but hospital stay was longer in the neonatal group (30+/-17 versus 24+/-11 days, P<0.01). In addition, postoperative mortality was significantly higher in the neonatal group (20 of 235 versus 0 of 68, P<0.01); however, the known risk factors for operative mortality were identical in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal diagnosis reduces mortality and morbidity in TGA. Prenatal detection of this cardiac defect must be increased to improve early neonatal management. In utero transfer of fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of TGA in an appropriate unit is mandatory. (+info)

Preterm labor. (2/4202)

Preterm labor is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is characterized by cervical effacement and/or dilatation and increased uterine irritability before 37 weeks of gestation. Women with a history of preterm labor are at greatest risk. Strategies for reducing the incidence of preterm labor and delivery have focused on educating both physicians and patients about the risks for preterm labor and methods of detecting preterm cervical dilatation. Methods used to predict preterm labor include weekly cervical assessment, transvaginal ultrasonography, detection of fetal fibronectin and home uterine activity monitoring. As yet, it is unclear if any of these strategies should be routinely employed. At present, management of preterm labor may include the use of tocolytic agents, corticosteroids and antibiotics. (+info)

A new lethal syndrome of exomphalos, short limbs, and macrogonadism. (3/4202)

We report a new lethal multiple congenital abnormality (MCA) syndrome of exomphalos, short limbs, nuchal web, macrogonadism, and facial dysmorphism in seven fetuses (six males and one female) belonging to three unrelated families. X rays showed enlarged and irregular metaphyses with a heterogeneous pattern of mineralisation of the long bones. Pathological examination showed adrenal cytomegaly, hyperplasia of Leydig cells, ovarian stroma cells, and Langherans cells, and renal microcysts. We suggest that this condition is a new autosomal recessive MCA syndrome different from Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, especially as no infracytogenetic deletion or uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 was found. (+info)

Pregnancy detection and the effects of age, body weight, and previous reproductive performance on pregnancy status and weaning rates of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama). (4/4202)

Fallow does (n = 502) of different ages (mature, 2-yr-old, and yearling) were maintained with bucks for a 60-d breeding season to determine whether previous reproductive performance and changes in BW affect doe pregnancy rates and to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonography and serum pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) for the detection of pregnancy in fallow does. Ultrasonography was performed, blood samples collected, and BW recorded at buck removal (d 0) and at 30 and 90 d after buck removal. Lactational status (lactating = WET; nonlactating = DRY) were determined from farm records taken at weaning prior to each breeding season (autumn 1990 through autumn 1994). Ultrasonography and PSPB for determining pregnancy were in agreement 93% of the time. Overall pregnancy rates did not differ (P>.10) relative to age of the doe; the combined pregnancy rate was 92%. We also determined that 82.9% of does conceived early in the breeding season and that the incidence of embryonal-fetal mortality during the first 90 d after buck removal was 2.8%. In general, mature and 2-yr-old DRY does were heavier and had lower pregnancy rates than WET does. The overall weaning rate for all does was 77.9%. Loss in the number of fawns from pregnancy detection to weaning was equivalent to 14.8% for mature does, 24.7% for 2 yr old does, and 42.5% for yearling does. These data indicate that even though pregnancy rates were relatively high, further study is needed to determine the causes associated with subsequent fawn losses, particularly among yearling does. As a production tool, lactational WET/ DRY status testing was found to be an acceptable means for determining the reproductive potential of individual does within the herd. In addition, serum PSPB may be used in place of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in fallow deer as early as d 30 after buck removal. (+info)

Ventriculo-atrial time interval measured on M mode echocardiography: a determining element in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of fetal supraventricular tachycardia. (5/4202)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether M mode echocardiography can differentiate fetal supraventricular tachycardia according to the ventriculo-atrial (VA) time interval, and if the resulting division into short and long VA intervals holds any relation with clinical presentation, management, and fetal outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SUBJECTS: 23 fetuses with supraventricular tachycardia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A systematic review of the M mode echocardiograms (for VA and atrioventricular (AV) interval measurements), clinical profile, and final outcome. RESULTS: 19 fetuses (82.6%) had supraventricular tachycardia of the short VA type (mean (SD) VA/AV ratio 0.34 (0.16); heart rate 231 (29) beats/min). Tachycardia was sustained in six and intermittent in 13. Hydrops was present in three (15.7%). Digoxin, the first drug given in 14, failed to control tachycardia in five. Three of these then received sotalol and converted to sinus rhythm. All fetuses of this group survived. Postnatally, supraventricular tachycardia recurred in three, two having Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Four fetuses (17.4%) had long VA tachycardia (VA/AV ratio 3.89 (0.82); heart rate 226 (10) beats/min). Initial treatment with digoxin was ineffective in all, but sotalol was effective in two. Heart failure caused fetal death in one and premature delivery in one. All three surviving fetuses had recurrences of supraventricular tachycardia after birth: two had the permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia and one had atrial ectopic tachycardia. CONCLUSIONS: Careful measurement of ventriculo-atrial intervals on fetal M mode echocardiography can be used to distinguish short from long VA supraventricular tachycardia and may be helpful in optimising management. Digoxin, when indicated, may remain the drug of choice in the short VA type but appears ineffective in the long VA type. (+info)

Individual growth patterns in the first trimester: evidence for difference in embryonic and fetal growth rates. (6/4202)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate individual fetal growth during the first trimester in pregnancies resulting from spontaneous and in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS: The growth of 11 fetuses conceived by spontaneous fertilization (known dates of ovulation) in nine patients and 15 fetuses conceived by IVF in 12 patients were evaluated at weekly intervals from 6 weeks, menstrual age, to 14 weeks. Fetal length was determined at each examination. Measures of fetal length included the crown-rump length (CRL), maximum straight line length (MSLL) and maximum axial length (MAL). Comparisons of CRL and MSLL to MAL were carried out. The MSLL was used as the measure of length except when the MAL was available. Linear and quadratic functions were fitted to the complete data sets of individual fetuses in the two groups. Individual data sets from ten fetuses in each group were then divided into early and late growth phases, and linear functions were fitted to each data subset. Start points and pivotal points for each fetus were estimated from the coefficients of these two functions. Growth in these two groups of fetuses was compared, on the basis of slope values. RESULTS: Evaluation of length measures indicated that, before 8 weeks, only MSLL could be measured. After 8 weeks, all three measures could be obtained, with the MAL being the largest. Both the linear and quadratic models performed well with individual data sets (mean R2(+/- SD): linear 98.1 (1.0)%; quadratic 99.4 (0.4)%), with no differences found between spontaneous and IVF groups (maximum possible differences in mean slopes (95% probability): 5-8%). Similar findings were obtained for the early and late growth phase data subsets. Slope values in the early and late growth phases showed low variability (CV: early 13.5%; late 11.6%), but were significantly different (early 0.72 (+/- 0.10 SD) cm/week; late 1.21 (+/- 0.14 SD) cm/week). The mean start point was 5.9 (+/- 0.3 SD) weeks' menstrual age, while the mean pivotal point was 9.2 (+/- 0.7 SD) weeks, menstrual age. CONCLUSIONS: First-trimester growth studies in individual fetuses indicate that there is a change in length growth rate between 9 and 10 weeks, menstrual age. This is consistent with a shift in development from organogenesis to growth. These results can be used for more accurate assessment of first-trimester growth and may aid in the detection of fetal problems that manifest themselves as growth abnormalities. (+info)

Accuracy of sonographic estimates of fetal weight in very small infants. (7/4202)

OBJECTIVE: Fetal outcome is inversely related to gestational age and birth weight. Therefore, in very small fetuses, estimated weight may play an important role in clinical management. Our aim was to determine the accuracy of sonographic estimates of fetal weight in very small infants. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SUBJECTS: We retrospectively studied 100 consecutive infants with a birth weight of < 1000 g, at a gestational age between 24.0 and 34.0 weeks, in which biometric data < 2 weeks prior to delivery were available for analysis. METHODS: We estimated fetal weight with the use of two methods--by those of Hadlock and colleagues and Scott and colleagues--and compared the estimated values with measured birth weights. RESULTS: The infants had a mean birth weight of 742 +/- 173 (SD) g, at a gestational age of 28.1 +/- 2.0 (SD) weeks. With Hadlock's method, the mean estimated fetal weight (EFW) was 736 +/- 186 (SD) g, which was not significantly different from birth weight; the mean EFW error was 0.8 +/- 12.7 (SD) %. With Scott's method, the mean EFW was 780 +/- 185 (SD) g, which was significantly increased above birth weight; the mean EFW error was 5.7 +/- 12.5 (SD) %. The accuracy of the weight estimates was not significantly affected by the period between ultrasound examination and delivery if < 2 weeks, or by fetal growth restriction. CONCLUSION: In our population of small fetuses, Hadlock's estimates of fetal weight correlated well with measured birth weight, whereas Scott's method tended to overestimate. (+info)

Clinical interpretation of ultrasound biometry for dating and for assessment of fetal growth using a wheel and chart: is it sufficiently accurate? (8/4202)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate how accurately practicing obstetricians (experts) can apply dating rules and compare the interpretation of gestation-sensitive ultrasound data with those of a computer system. SUBJECTS: Seventeen practicing obstetricians. Members of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, from 14 different units throughout the UK. DESIGN: Six cases with menstrual and ultrasound data together with identical ultrasound charts and obstetric wheels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concordance between the calculated estimated date of delivery (EDD) and growth assessment provided by the experts and the computer system. RESULTS: The calculation of the EDD by the experts was imprecise (59% within 3 days overall). Concordance with the computer calculation was poorest when the ultrasound measurements lay close to the upper or lower centile lines (average 7% within 3 days of the computer). Interpretation of growth showed good concordance with the computer when gestation was not critical to the interpretation (94%), but very poor when gestation was critical (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Calculation of EDD by means of an obstetric wheel and charts is not precise. Compared with the computer system, these errors have a significant effect on the subsequent interpretation of growth scans when the data are borderline. A computer system provides the more accurate method for interpreting gestation-sensitive ultrasound biometry. (+info)

... , or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are ... Medical ultrasonography, Prenatal sex discernment, Articles containing video clips). ... While 3D is popular with parents desiring a prenatal photograph as a keepsake, both 2D and 3D are discouraged by the FDA for ... Doppler ultrasonography examinations has a thermal index (TI) of about five times that of regular (B-mode) ultrasound ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetric_ultrasonography

"Placental cord insertion visualization with prenatal ultrasonography". Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 15 (8): 585-593. doi: ... Baulies S, Maiz N, Muñoz A, Torrents M, Echevarría M, Serra B (2007). "Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of vasa praevia and ... Sepulveda W, Rojas I, Robert J, Schnapp C, Alcalde J (2003). "Prenatal detection of velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord ... Hasegawa J, Matsuoka R, Ichizuka K, Sekizawa A, Okai T (2006). "Velamentous Cord Insertion: Significance of Prenatal Detection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velamentous_cord_insertion

... s are increasingly diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. A common sign is a neck growth. It may be found at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic_hygroma

CPAMs are often identified during routine prenatal ultrasonography. Identifying characteristics on the sonogram include: an ... Fetal surgery can improve the chances of survival to 50-60%. Recently, several studies found that a single course of prenatal ... Curran PF, Jelin EB, Rand L, Hirose S, Feldstein VA, Goldstein RB, Lee H (2010). "Prenatal steroids for microcystic congenital ... The earliest point at which a CPAM can be detected is by prenatal ultrasound. The classic description is of an echogenic lung ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_pulmonary_airway_malformation

Role of fetal ultrasonography". Journal of Prenatal Medicine. 3 (2): 18-22. PMC 3279100. PMID 22439035. Hersh, A. H.; DeMarinis ... Ermito, S.; Dinatale, A.; Carrara, S.; Cavaliere, A.; Imbruglia, L.; Recupero, S. (2009). "Prenatal diagnosis of limb ... for example during obstetric ultrasonography, it may be an indication for intrauterine sampling for fetal chromosome analysis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinodactyly

More exact measurements can be performed with obstetric ultrasonography. Intrauterine growth restriction is one of the causes ... Prenatal memory Prenatal and perinatal psychology Fetal pig Timeline of human prenatal development Transplacental ... Poverty has been linked to poor prenatal care and has been an influence on prenatal development. Women in poverty are more ... ISBN 978-0-495-55341-0. "Prenatal Development - Prenatal Environmental Influences - Mother, Birth, Fetus, and Pregnancy." ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_development

... is now a standard component of prenatal aneuploidy screening. Benacerraf also made major contributions to prenatal hearing ... Radiography and Ultrasonography". emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved November 3, 2022. Nicolaides, Kypros H. (2011). "Screening ... She was a pioneer in the use of prenatal ultrasound to diagnose fetal abnormalities, including Down syndrome. In 2021, she was ... "Beryl Benacerraf, 73, Dies; Pioneered the Use of Prenatal Ultrasound". The New York Times. October 21, 2022. Bryan Marquard ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl_Benacerraf

Mégarbané A, Haddad S, Berjaoui L (Jul 1998). "Prenatal ultrasonography: clinical and radiological findings in a boy with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrochondrogenesis

Dhamankar Rupin (9 April 2020). "Fetal Sex Results of Noninvasive Prenatal Testing and Differences With Ultrasonography". ... Assignment may also be done prior to birth through prenatal sex discernment. The sex assignment at or before birth usually ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_assignment

From week 13, sex prediction by obstetric ultrasonography is almost 100% accurate. At week 15, main development of external ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_prenatal_development

Case report". Medical Ultrasonography. 16 (4): 377-379. doi:10.11152/mu.201.3.2066.164.wjh1. PMID 25463893. Golinko MS, Shetye ... December 2014). "Agnathia-otocephaly: prenatal diagnosis by two- and three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otocephaly

Ultrasonography". Marino T (2021-06-14). Ramus RM (ed.). "Prenatal Diagnosis for Congenital Malformations and Genetic Disorders ... Obstetric ultrasonography is routinely used for dating the gestational age of a pregnancy from the size of the fetus, determine ... Instead, obstetric ultrasonography is the imaging method of choice in the first trimester and throughout the pregnancy, because ... Prenatal care is important in screening for various complications of pregnancy. This includes routine office visits with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetrics

Prenatal testing: Prenatal testing is used to look for diseases and conditions in a fetus or embryo before it is born. This ... Non-invasive techniques include examinations of the woman's womb through ultrasonography or maternal serum screens. These non- ... Prenatal testing can help a couple decide whether to abort the pregnancy. Like diagnostic testing, prenatal testing can be ... More invasive prenatal methods are slightly more risky for the fetus and involve needles or probes being inserted into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive_medicine

"Behavioral pattern continuity from prenatal to postnatal life--a study by four-dimensional (4D) ultrasonography". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmar_grasp_reflex

Japanese women are advised to have prenatal visits every 4 weeks through 23 weeks gestation, every 2 weeks from 24 to 35 weeks ... Pregnant women in Japan have a strong belief related to ultrasonography. As a result, most pregnant women in Japan often ... Emphasis is also made in prenatal care on keeping a tranquil heart, limiting stress, and trying to elevate your spirits, ... As a result, many pregnant women do not take prenatal vitamins or supplements. In the hospital, Japanese midwives perform daily ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth_in_Japan

The accuracy of ultrasonography for prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip +/- palate is dependent on the experience of the sonologist ... Recent advances in prenatal diagnosis have allowed obstetricians to diagnose facial clefts in utero with ultrasonography. ... Prenatal diagnosis enables appropriate and timely education and discussion with parents by the cleft team. This helps improve ... An accurate prenatal diagnosis of the CLP anomaly is critical for establishing long-term treatment planning, prediction of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_lip_and_cleft_palate

Non-invasive techniques include examinations of the woman's womb through ultrasonography and maternal serum screens (i.e. Alpha ... Prenatal testing consists of prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis, which are aspects of prenatal care that focus on ... The California Prenatal Screening Program. cdph.ca.gov Kitchen, Felisha L.; Jack, Brian W. (2021), "Prenatal Screening", ... Prenatal screening focuses on finding problems among a large population with affordable and noninvasive methods. Prenatal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_testing

The size of the foetus is taken into account through ultrasonography in terms of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In ... Placental Disease can be diagnosed through technologies such as, Prenatal ultrasound evaluation and invasive foetal testing. ... Low calcium intake can reduce the risk of preeclampsia Reducing oxidative stress present within the body Intake of prenatal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placental_disease

"Prenatal diagnosis of femur-fibula-ulna complex by ultrasonography in a male fetus at 24 weeks of gestation". Prenatal ... Prenatal screening can reveal whether the child will have Hecht Scott syndrome by observing skeletal abnormalities. WNT7A is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecht_Scott_syndrome

Antenatal ultrasonography allows for earlier detection and diagnosis of duodenal atresia. The duodenum is not typically filled ... Early diagnosis of duodenal atresia provides time for clinicians to provide prenatal counseling and prepare for postnatal ... Shawis, Rang; Antao, Brice (2006). "Prenatal bowel dilatation and the subsequent postnatal management". Early Human Development ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenal_atresia

Investigating the relationship between serial prenatal ultrasonography, biomarkers, placental phenotype and adverse pregnancy ... Sovio U, Moraitis AA, Wong HS, Smith GC (June 2018). "Universal vs selective ultrasonography to screen for large-for- ... evaluating the performance of known biomarkers and serial ultrasonography in assessing maternal and fetal well-being; ... "Screening for fetal growth restriction with universal third trimester ultrasonography in nulliparous women in the Pregnancy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_Outcome_Prediction_study

Obstetric ultrasonography, either transvaginally or transabdominally, can check for the sagittal sign as a marker of foetal sex ... Prenatal sex discernment is the prenatal testing for discerning the sex of a fetus before birth. Prenatal sex discernment can ... Prenatal sex determination was banned in India in 1994, under the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994 ... In such cases, it may be much easier to exclude the possibility of disease in the child by prenatal sex discernment than to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_sex_discernment

The immorality of prenatal sex selection has been questioned, with some arguments in favor of prenatal discrimination as more ... The launch of ultrasonography technology in India too occurred in 1979, but its expansion was slower than China. Ultrasound sex ... In India, prenatal sex determination is regulated under the Pre-conception and Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of ... Prenatal sex determination is restricted in many countries, and so is the communication of the sex of the fetus to the pregnant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion

This technology was used to provide prenatal ultrasound to pregnant women living in COVID-19 outbreak communities. Neural ... Mendez and his remote presence technology team pioneered the use of telerobotic ultrasonography for abdominal and obstetric ... A Crossover Comparison of Standard and Telerobotic Approaches to Prenatal Sonography. J Ultrasound Med 2018; 37:2603-2612. C ... "A Crossover Comparison of Standard and Telerobotic Approaches to Prenatal Sonography". Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 37 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_Mendez

"Preconception and prenatal diagnostic techniques act". Radiopaedia. Retrieved 28 May 2015. Pre- Conception & Pre- Natal. ... No laboratory or centre or clinic will conduct any test including ultrasonography for the purpose of determining the sex of the ... Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, 1994 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to stop ... Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 (PNDT), was amended in 2003 to The Pre- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Conception_and_Pre-Natal_Diagnostic_Techniques_Act,_1994

3-D ultrasonography works to create an image by producing high frequency sound waves throughout the body in order to detect and ... Clement K, Chamberlain P, Boyd P, Molyneux A (August 2001). "Prenatal diagnosis of an epignathus: a case report and review of ... The use of 3-D ultrasonography has allowed surgeons to pinpoint the exact position of organs and tissues within the body and ... Moon NR, Min JY, Kim YH, Choi SK, Shin JC, Park IY (January 2015). "Prenatal diagnosis of epignathus with multiple ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epignathus

... can be identified during routine prenatal ultrasonography as dilation of the fetal urinary tract and ... It is the most common cause of hydronephrosis detected in utero and is the most common anomaly detected on prenatal ultrasounds ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_outlet_obstruction

Prenatal testing which further discusses the reasons for prenatal screening and the ethics of such testing. Congenital ... lymphedema List of obstetric topics Obstetric ultrasonography Souka AP, Von Kaisenberg CS, Hyett JA, Sonek JD, Nicolaides KH ( ... A nuchal scan or nuchal translucency (NT) scan/procedure is a sonographic prenatal screening scan (ultrasound) to detect ... Beryl Benacerraf The significance of the nuchal fold in the second trimester fetus Prenatal Diagnosis . 2002 Sep;22(9):798-801 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuchal_scan

... she underwent higher training in prenatal genetic evaluation, infertility, ultrasonography and minimally invasive procedures ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manjula_Anagani

... though prenatal diagnosis using fetal ultrasonography (ultrasound) can identify characteristic physical abnormalities. After ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydranencephaly

MSAFP screening combined with routine ultrasonography has the best detection rate although detection by ultrasonography is ... Higher doses can be found in pre-natal multivitamins but those doses may not be necessary for everyone. Individuals who have ... Boyd, PA; Devigan, C.; Khoshnood, B.; Loane, M.; Garne, E.; Dolk, H. (2008). "Survey of prenatal screening policies in Europe ... Norem et.al Routine Ultrasonography Compared With Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein for Neural Tube Defect Screening Obstetrics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_tube_defect

based in Menlo Park, California offers a non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) called Unity that can used to determine the fetal Rh ... "Noninvasive Diagnosis by Doppler Ultrasonography of Fetal Anemia Due to Maternal Red-Cell Alloimmunization". New England ... Journal of Prenatal Medicine. 3 (2): 25-7. PMC 3279102. PMID 22439037. Van Wamelen, D J.; Klumper, F J.; De Haas, M; Meerman, R ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolytic_disease_of_the_newborn_(anti-Kell)

Ultrasonography has proven to be useful, as it may detect signs and complications of NEC before they are evident on radiographs ... lack of prenatal steroids, mode of delivery, placental abruption, preeclampsia, and smoking have not been consistently ... Cocaine abuse In utero growth restriction Increased body mass index Intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy Lack of prenatal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrotizing_enterocolitis

... to submit identification proof of the pregnant woman at ultrasonography centres as a pre-condition for undergoing the prenatal ... licenses of six sonography centres and issued notices to 24 others for violating the provisions of the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyamev_Jayate_(season_1)

If a prenatal or after birth diagnosis is made, medical paediatric and surgery care are organised soon after delivery. Adults ... Imaging modalities such as echocardiography, conventional X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, barium ... The condition can often be seen as malformations that can be diagnosed by a prenatal anomaly scan in the second trimester, ... Diagnosis is often made during prenatal development of the second trimester through anomaly scans or immediately after birth. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal_duplication

Family history and prenatal history are also taken into account in evaluation. Karyotyping and SRY gene analysis on samples ... Ultrasonography is the primary means for assessing internal reproductive organs for diagnosis while genitography and voiding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5α-Reductase_2_deficiency

... awareness Unintended pregnancy Pregnancy test 3D ultrasound Home testing Obstetric ultrasonography Prenatal testing Prenatal ... Prenatal nutrition Maternal nutrition Nutrition and pregnancy Concomitant conditions Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy Systemic ... prenatal period), childbirth and the postnatal period. Obstetrics can be described as all of the following: Medicine - medicine ... development Fundal height Gestational age Human embryogenesis Maternal physiological changes Prenatal care - regular medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_obstetrics

Ultrasonography can be used to detect craniofacial abnormalities later in pregnancy, but may not detect milder cases. TCS is ... Edwards, S J; Fowlie, A; Cust, M P; Liu, D T; Young, I D; Dixon, M J (1 July 1996). "Prenatal diagnosis in Treacher Collins ... Mouthon, L., Busa, T., Bretelle, F., Karmous‐Benailly, H., Missirian, C., Philip, N., & Sigaudy, S. (2019). Prenatal diagnosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treacher_Collins_syndrome

Schizencephaly Gul A, Gungorduk K, Yildirim G, Gedikbasi A, Ceylan Y (2009). "Prenatal diagnosis of porencephaly secondary to ... Advanced medical imaging with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or with ultrasonography can be used ... 2011). "Sporadic COL4A1 Mutations with Extensive Prenatal Porencephaly Resembling Hydranencephaly". Neurology. 76 (9): 844-846 ... decrease in neuron number and size and loss of brain mass Chronic lung disease Male gender Endotoxins Prenatal and postnatal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porencephaly

Risk factors for placenta praevia among African women include prior pregnancies, prenatal alcohol consumption, and insufficient ... "Transvaginal ultrasonography for all placentas that appear to be low-lying or over the internal cervical os". Ultrasound in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta_praevia

PCOS may be related to or worsened by exposures[clarification needed] during the prenatal period, epigenetic factors, ... Gynecologic ultrasonography, specifically looking for small ovarian follicles. These are believed to be the result of disturbed ... If a high-resolution transvaginal ultrasonography machine is not available, an ovarian volume of at least 10 ml is regarded as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome

... , also known as cardiogenesis, refers to the prenatal development of the heart. This begins with the formation ... In the first trimester, cardiac activity can be visualized and the fetal heart motion quantified by obstetric ultrasonography. ... Obstetric ultrasonography can also use Doppler technique on key vessels such as the umbilical artery to detect abnormal flow. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_development

Another approach is to examine the ovaries by gynecologic ultrasonography and to determine their size as ovaries depleted of ... Also, elevated androgen levels during prenatal development have an adverse effect on the early establishment of the ovarian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_reserve

Abdominal ultrasonography of monoamniotic twins at a gestational age of 15 weeks. There is no sign of any membrane between the ... Schmid, O; Trautmann, U; Ashour, H; Ulmer, R; Pfeiffer, RA; Beinder, E (Dec 2000). "Prenatal diagnosis of heterokaryotypic ... Early obstetric ultrasonography exams sometimes reveal an "extra" fetus, which fails to develop and instead disintegrates and ... Shulman LS, van Vugt JG (2006). Prenatal medicine. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis. p. 447. ISBN 978-0-8247-2844-1. Curran, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin

In prenatal development of the fetus, the laminae of the septum pellucidum separate to form a small cavity - the cave of septum ... Farruggia S, Babcock D (1981). "The cavum septi pellucidi: its appearance and incidence with cranial ultrasonography in infancy ... The cause of CSP is basically unknown, although it is thought that prenatal alcohol exposure plays a significant role. CSP is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_septum_pellucidum

A Doppler fetal monitor is a hand-held ultrasound transducer used to detect the fetal heartbeat for prenatal care. It uses the ... It may be classified as a form of Doppler ultrasonography (although usually not technically -graphy but rather sound-generating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_fetal_monitor

Ultrasonography of liver tumors allows for both detection and characterization. Gynecologic ultrasonography examines female ... Ultrasound-based pre-natal care and sex screening technologies were launched in India in the 1980s. With concerns about its ... Compression ultrasonography is when the probe is pressed against the skin. This can bring the target structure closer to the ... Doppler ultrasonography is used to study blood flow and muscle motion. The different detected speeds are represented in color ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ultrasound

In fetal ultrasonography, reflected sound waves are used to create an image of the developing fetus. Radio-graphic findings can ... Disruption of the protein degradation process plays a role in the pathogensis of prenatal growth retardation in humans, a key ... However, genetic testing on expecting parents and prenatal testing, which is a molecular test that screens for any problems in ... Individuals with 3-M syndrome have severe prenatal growth retardation due to growth delays during fetal development resulting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-M_syndrome

If the person is stable and a pelvic exam is unrevealing, transvaginal ultrasonography and/or serial measurement of hCG is ... Derbala, Yasmine; Grochal, Frantisek; Jeanty, Philippe (January 2007). "Vasa previa". Journal of Prenatal Medicine. 1 (1): 2-13 ... If the viability of an intrauterine pregnancy is uncertain, repeat ultrasonography coupled with laboratory measurement of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_pregnancy_bleeding

This scan is an important and common component of routine prenatal care. The function of the ultrasound is to measure the fetus ... Medical ultrasonography). ... as a component of routine prenatal care. Prior to 18 weeks' ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomaly_scan

... may be grounds for a prenatal diagnostic test such as an amniocentesis to rule out Down syndrome. Babies with unresolved ... Medical ultrasonography, Midwifery, All stub articles, Human reproduction stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyelectasis

Fetal Ultrasonography. John Wiley and Sons. February 3, 1982. ISBN 978-0471101628 To prevent and to cure Papillomavirus. ... He is Honorary Member of the Spanish Society of Gynecologic Echography and Prenatal Diagnosis and of other International and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Borruto

Non-invasive screening for prenatal genetic diagnosis : report of a WHO temporary adviser / by J. L. Simpson ... Hereditary Diseases Programme; International Working Group on Non-Invasive Screening for Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis (‎1994 : ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?authority=Ultrasonography%2C+Prenatal&type=mesh

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Ultrasonography%2C+Prenatal&type=mesh

... ... 2019). Prenatal exome sequencing analysis in fetal structural anomalies detected by ultrasonography (PAGE): a cohort study. The ... Background: Fetal structural anomalies, which are detected by ultrasonography, have a range of genetic causes, including ... but there is little information on the clinical usefulness of genome-wide next-generation sequencing in the prenatal setting. ...

https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287856

Ultrasonography. Prenatal ultrasonography may reveal the following in a fetus with Down syndrome:. * Ultrasonography soft ... Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis. Prenatal screening using a combination of maternal serum biomarkers and ultrasonography can ... The first prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome was made in 1968, and screening women with amniocentesis on the basis of advanced ... Ultrasonography should not be relied on as the primary method of diagnosing Down syndrome; the diagnosis can be missed in ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/943216-181163/what-is-the-role-of-brainstem-auditory-evoked-response-baer-in-postnatal-testing-of-down-syndrome

Prenatal diagnosis and assessment of fetal malformations by ultrasonography in India.. Autor : Deka, D. Malhotra, N. Takkar, D ... Prenatal diagnosis and assessment of fetal malformations by ultrasonography in India. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 1999 Sep- ... Invasive prenatal diagnosis by fetal blood sampling, chorion villus sampling and amniocentesis for chromosomal analysis of ... It is important to train obstetricians in level I and II ultrasonography, to recognise centres and institutions at national and ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/79098?locale=es

Learn how prenatal testing checks on the health of you and your baby during pregnancy. Some tests are routine, and some are for ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Ultrasonography, Prenatal (National Institutes of Health) Journal Articles References and abstracts from ... Prenatal Genetic Screening Tests (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) * Prenatal Panel (National Library of ... Prenatal Tests (March of Dimes Foundation) Also in Spanish * What Tests Might I Need during Pregnancy? (Eunice Kennedy Shriver ...

https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html

Dive into the research topics of Efficacy of prenatal ultrasonography in confirmed club foot. Together they form a unique ...

https://cris.tau.ac.il/en/publications/efficacy-of-prenatal-ultrasonography-in-confirmed-club-foot/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

Prenatal Care / methods* * Ultrasonography, Prenatal Substances * Adrenal Cortex Hormones ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32861686/

She had no prenatal care in Tanzania. The mother arrived in the United States in December 2011, and approximately 46 days later ... Fetal ultrasonography indicated breech presentation, a small abdominal circumference, and marked oligohydramnios. The next day ... She began prenatal care in Nigeria at 9 weeks gestation and had a total of nine visits. Receipt of a rubella-containing ... The mother sought prenatal care in Illinois. Serum was drawn in early April 2012, and the rubella IgG result was positive. On ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6212a3.htm

Is it always possible to determine a diagnosis? Prenatal ultrasonography, post mortem magnetic resonance, autopsy.. Vaneckova M ... Prenatal ultrasonography, post mortem magnetic resonance, autopsy. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2010 Jan; 31(2): 178-180 ...

https://www.nel.edu/journal/search/?keywords=Ependymoma:diagnosis

A systematic approach to prenatal diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries using 4-dimensional ultrasonography with ... A systematic approach to prenatal diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries using 4-dimensional ultrasonography with ... A systematic approach to prenatal diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries using 4-dimensional ultrasonography with ... T1 - A systematic approach to prenatal diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries using 4-dimensional ultrasonography ...

https://scholars.cmich.edu/en/publications/a-systematic-approach-to-prenatal-diagnosis-of-transposition-of-t-3

Categories: Ultrasonography, Prenatal Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Ultrasonography,+Prenatal&parentid=21065&catid=29738

Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Evidence-Based Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Women's Health, Women's Health ... Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, X-Rays, Hysterosalpingography, ...

https://bvsalud.org/en/direve/?filter=descriptor:%22Women

Online shopping for Ultrasonography - Radiology & Nuclear Medicine from a great selection at Books Store. ... 50 Human Studies, in Utero, Conducted in Modern China, Indicate Extreme Risk for Prenatal Ultrasound: A New Bibliography by Jim ... Ultrasonography Textbooks Select the department you want to search in Ultrasonography Textbooks. All Departments. Alexa Skills ... 50 Human Studies, in Utero, Conducted in Modern China, Indicate Extreme Risk for Prenatal Ultrasound: A New Bibliography ...

https://www.amazon.ca/b?ie=UTF8&node=690480011

Association of Prenatal Ultrasonography and Autism Spectrum Disorder. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;(172)4:336-344. doi:10.1001/ ...

https://www.verywellfamily.com/ultrasound-for-suspected-miscarriage-or-pregnancy-loss-2371365

Case-patient 2 had changes in the presence of calcifications seen during prenatal ultrasonography that were not present by ... In addition, prenatal diagnosis of arthrogryposis was not made because of spontaneous movement of all extremities on prenatal ... Initial ultrasonography of the head on day 1 of life could not be completed because the anterior fontanelle was too small. ... She received prenatal Zika testing while residing there, and results were negative. She moved to Brownsville, where she ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/4/17-1545_article

prenatal screening by maternal serum markers in first trimester and by ultrasonography; ...

http://www.emro.who.int/fr/emhj-volume-23-2017/volume-23-issue-4/the-prevention-of-congenital-and-genetic-disorders-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-region1.html

Prenatal Care - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... Ultrasonography doesnt use radiation (x-rays). Ultrasonography is also called... read more at least once during pregnancy-more ... Doctors usually do an ultrasound Ultrasonography Ultrasonography is a safe imaging test that uses sound waves to create a ... Prenatal care is medical care you get before you give birth. Prenatal care includes routine doctor visits and routine tests. ...

https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-women-s-health-issues/normal-pregnancy/prenatal-care

https://bvsalud.org/en/direve/?filter=descriptor:%22Magnetic%20Resonance%20Imaging%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Spinal%20Injuries%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Postoperative%20Care%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Radiology%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Brachytherapy%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Nuclear%20Medicine%22%20AND%20descriptor:%22Radioterapia%22

Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography has been reported.. In lesions extending onto the perineum or abdomen, performing imaging ... Evaluation of the deep venous system can be completed with duplex scanning contrast venography, ultrasonography, contrast ...

https://reference.medscape.com/article/1084257-overview

In the prenatal period, hyperechoic bowel observed on ultrasonography may suggest intestinal obstruction. Approximately 10% of ... Positive prenatal test for cystic fibrosis mutations or prenatal ultrasound*Meconium ileus*Obstructive jaundice*Edema with ... Positive prenatal test for cystic fibrosis mutations or prenatal ultrasound. Testing for CF mutations is frequently performed ... on chorionic villus sampling and amniotic fluid samples obtained in the prenatal period. If either one or two CF mutations are ...

https://www.renalandurologynews.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/hospital-medicine/cystic-fibrosis/

... ultrasonography systems have been deployed to two northern Saskatchewan communities and are currently performing prenatal ... For example, emergency physicians or trauma surgeons could perform real-time ultrasonography of the abdomen, thorax and heart ... Research shows that robotic ultrasonography is comparable to standard sonography and is accepted by most patients. ... Remote communities often lack access to diagnostic ultrasonography services. This gap disproportionally affects Indigenous ...

https://news.usask.ca/articles/research/2018/how-robots-are-helping-doctors-save-lives-in-the-canadian-north.php

... prenatal test; (e) do not view sonography as a method of prenatal diagnosis; (f) want information on prenatal sonography to ... want prenatal sonography; (b) are fostered to believe there is a "need" for this type of testing; (c) feel a prenatal scan will ... prenatal screening test. The purpose of this study was to ask pregnant women about their attitudes toward prenatal sonography. ... Listening to the voices, a qualitative study to examine the attitudes of women related to the routine use of ultrasonography in ...

https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/xmlui/handle/1993/1794

Large malformations may be diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound. The types of vessels involved and the size of the malformation is ... generally determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and / or ultrasonography (ultrasound). MRI is also helpful to evaluate ...

https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/capillary-lymphatic-venous-malformations

... were diagnosed with GFHH with prenatal ultrasonography, and 12 with MRI. Among them, six fetuses were diagnosed with both ... Prenatal and postnatal data were collected to analyze the pathological (size, location, and lesion type) and clinical ... All the patients received B-ultrasonography on an average of 2.5 times (2-4 times) prenatally, which showed that the diameter ... ultrasonography and MRI. The other cases showed space-occupying lesions. (2) Ten babies received conservative management ( ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/gim/?lang=en&q=kw:%22Liver%20neoplasms%22

The technique of decompress- by prenatal ultra- sonography. Examining the clinical phenomena associated with greater speci city ... pathways that terminate sexual interest in human prenatal development and frank, b. (1994) masculinity disparities in literacy ...

https://www.psm.edu/package/can-viagra-treat-erectile-dysfunction/89/

Finally, to interrogate the impact of the in utero environment, EWAS on 45 prenatal factors were performed and compared across ... The inter-relationship between genetics, prenatal factors and epigenetics is tissue specific, and requires careful ... and the contributions of genotype and prenatal factors, we compared genome-wide DNA methylation of cord tissue and cord blood, ... was determined by ultrasonography in the first trimester. Child sex was extracted from the medical records. ...

https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0970-x

Large malformations may be diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
The types of vessels involved and the size of the malformation is generally determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and / or ultrasonography (ultrasound). (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Ultrasound technology permits the early diagnosis of pregnancy and has significantly advanced both abortion and prenatal care. (lozierinstitute.org)
The US FDA cautions against keepsake ultrasound images, since the ultrasonography may be done by someone not well-trained, using higher levels of energy for a longer time which could be harmful. (familyeducation.com)
Gestational age assessment using bimanual examination and women's LMP is well established during prenatal care, as is the use of ultrasound. (ipas.org)
In October 2013, the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound published new guidelines on using ultrasonography to assess prenatal viability. (medscape.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Prenatal diagnosis and assessment of fetal malformations by ultrasonography in India. (who.int)
Close liaison between geneticists, radiologists, pediatric surgeons, pediatricians and obstetricians is a must for prenatal diagnosis and management of fetal malformations. (who.int)
In a case series of seven neonates with congenital pulmonary malformations, lung ultrasonography readily detected the lesions and the findings were highly consistent with CT results. (medscape.com)
Prenatal diagnosis of upper extremity malformations with ultrasonography: Diagnostic features and perinatal outcome. (erciyes.edu.tr)
Fetal MRI is an important tool for the prenatal diagnosis of brain malformations and is often requested after second-trimester ultrasonography reveals a possible abnormality. (bvsalud.org)
17] Wiesel A., Queisser-Luft A., Clementi M., Bianca S., Stoll C. Prenatal detection of congenital renal malformations by fetal ultrasonographic examination: an analysis of 709,030 births in 12 European countries, Eur. (edu.pl)
Additional tests, such as X-rays to investigate bone and internal malformations, renal ultrasonography to examine the kidneys, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain can help identify the range of symptoms the baby may face. (verywellhealth.com)

In the context of medical abortion, ultrasonography can help determine gestational age, assess the outcome of the procedure, and diagnose ectopic pregnancy and other types of abnormal pregnancy. (lozierinstitute.org)
Predict pregnancy outcomes of prenatal megaureter by prenatal ultrasonography. (gilhospital.com)
Dramatic increases in cannabis use during pregnancy are alarming because of evidence that prenatal exposure may be associated with a host of adverse outcomes. (jamanetwork.com)
1 We previously found that prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) following maternal knowledge of pregnancy is associated with increased psychopathology during middle childhood using baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. (jamanetwork.com)
No prospective trials have compared the accuracy of different methods of gestational dating prior to abortion at or after 13 weeks, however, in a retrospective cohort of 2,223 women undergoing abortion at or after 13 weeks gestation in Nepal, gestational age assessed by measuring fetal foot length after pregnancy expulsion was highly correlated with ultrasonography (81%), physical exam (77%) and LMP (72%) assessments (Kapp, Griffin, Bhattaraij, & Dongol, 2020). (ipas.org)
If the hCG level is above 1500-2000 mIU/mL, then transvaginal ultrasonography should detect a viable intrauterine pregnancy. (medscape.com)
A level over 3000 mIU/mL should enable one to visualize a viable intrauterine pregnancy by transabdominal ultrasonography. (medscape.com)
However, if the hCG level is elevated, no history of passing tissue is present, and the ultrasonography demonstrates an empty uterus, one must assume that an ectopic pregnancy is present until proven otherwise. (medscape.com)
However, if the values rise, then follow-up ultrasonography is necessary to determine whether an intrauterine pregnancy or an ectopic pregnancy is present and subsequent appropriate management is necessary. (medscape.com)
Ultrasonography of the pelvis using a vaginal probe should be performed to rule out an ectopic pregnancy, retained products of conception, hematometra, or other etiologies. (medscape.com)

Risk factors for more severe ARPKD in infants are oligohydramnios or anhydramnios, prenatal kidney enlargement, and the need for postnatal breathing support. (medscape.com)
Thus in cases of mild prenatal hydronephrosis, we suggest urinary tract ultrasonography three to seven days after birth and then cystography if postnatal sonography showed moderate or severe or progressive hydronephrosis. (ac.ir)
12] Wiener J.S., O'Hara S.M., Optimal timing of initial postnatal ultrasonography in newborns with prenatal hydronephrosis, J. Urol. (edu.pl)

No database or registry exists in India to give an actual insight into the problem of congenital malformation and their prenatal diagnosis. (who.int)
Two infants were evaluated for congenital Zika syndrome after identification of prenatal microcephaly. (cdc.gov)
We report the prenatal and neonatal outcomes for 2 infants who had congenital Zika syndrome. (cdc.gov)
1 This report is extracted from the Summary report on the Expert meeting on the prevention of congenital and genetic disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, London, United Kingdom, 29-31 July 2016 (http://applications.emro.who.int/docs/IC_Meet_Rep_2016_EN_18989.pdf?ua=1, accessed 30 March 2017). (who.int)
With increasing use and technical ability of prenatal ultrasonography and sonographers, most cases of congenital lung anomalies are prenatally diagnosed. (medscape.com)
Congenital mid-ureteral stricture is a rare malformation of the ureter leading to prenatal and neonatal hydronephrosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Because of the extremely small size of the cysts in type III lesions, the prenatal ultrasonographic appearance is often one of a homogenous mass. (medscape.com)
Ultrasonographic prenatal imaging of fetal ocular and orbital abnormalities. (ucsd.edu)
STUDY DESIGN: Prenatal ultrasonographic examinations were reviewed by a single perinatologist to determine the degree of ventriculomegaly and the anatomic level of the lesion. (elsevier.com)

Neonatal outcome of fetuses with urinary tract abnormalities diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. (mcmaster.ca)

Mid-ureteral stricture is a rare cause of prenatal hydronephrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Screening pregnancies with ultrasonography (US) may aid characterization of hydronephrosis in the uterus [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the majority of cases (63 %) prenatal hydronephrosis can be associated with normal renal physiology. (biomedcentral.com)
In line with these findings, we report a case of a rare prenatal form of hydronephrosis describing the diagnostic procedures with imaging techniques performed before the surgical approach. (biomedcentral.com)
Prenatal hydronephrosis is found in 1%-5% of pregnancies. (ac.ir)
Because little information is available on the indication of Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) regarding the antenatal diameter of the kidney pelvis, the current study aimed to determine the association between prenatal hydronephrosis and the VUR. (ac.ir)
Fefer S, Ellsworth P. Prenatal hydronephrosis. (ac.ir)

Invasive prenatal diagnosis by fetal blood sampling, chorion villus sampling and amniocentesis for chromosomal analysis of malformed fetuses was performed at 40% centres. (who.int)
Prenatal diagnosis of lissencephaly is possible through procedures such as prenatal MRI, ultrasonography, and amniocentesis. (top-medical-schools.org)

Prenatal diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is associated with a significant reduction in both preoperative and postoperative mortality, a decrease in the rate of metabolic acidosis and multiorgan failure during the neonatal period, reduced need for ventilatory support, and shorter hospitalization time. (cmich.edu)
Ultrasonography is the primary radiologic modality for the evaluation of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), especially during the perinatal and neonatal periods. (medscape.com)
To develop a better understanding of the link between tissue specificity and neonatal EWAS, and the contributions of genotype and prenatal factors, we compared genome-wide DNA methylation of cord tissue and cord blood, two of the most accessible surrogate tissues at birth. (biomedcentral.com)
The inter-relationship between genetics, prenatal factors and epigenetics is tissue specific, and requires careful consideration in designing and interpreting future neonatal EWAS. (biomedcentral.com)
El parto pretérmino en la región centroamericana tiene variaciones en cada país, así como la mortalidad perinatal neonatal y materna que se deriva de la condición. (bvsalud.org)

Importantly, this effect was not able to redevelop force when cross-bridges are sub- pathways that terminate sexual interest in human prenatal development and frank, b. (1994) masculinity disparities in literacy and literary variety of other humans, the testosterone trough level, serum lh, blood count, r examination (hair, skin, sexuality, mood) every 3 months. (psm.edu)
Historical records since the antiquity revel the search to uncover the inherent processes to the human prenatal development, investigation that keeps always advancing, evidenced in the scientific publications of modern embriology 4,5 . (bvsalud.org)

Perform renal and cerebral ultrasonography in all newborns with CCAM in order to exclude coexisting renal and CNS anomalies. (medscape.com)

New UOG Journal videoclip on prenatal diagnosis of fetal ductal origin of distal pulmonary artery using 2D ultrasonography combined with 4D spatiotemporal image correlation. (isuog.org)

A multicentre study to assess the status of prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformation in India was conducted. (who.int)

At 24 weeks of gestation, prenatal ultrasonography findings of the brain, heart, and other internal organs were unremarkable. (her2signal.com)

Evaluation of the deep venous system can be completed with duplex scanning contrast venography, ultrasonography, contrast venography and arteriography, and nuclear MRI studies. (medscape.com)

At your first prenatal visit , your health care provider will test for a number of things, including problems with your blood, signs of infections , and whether you are immune to rubella (German measles) and chickenpox . (medlineplus.gov)
She had no prenatal care in Tanzania. (cdc.gov)
Prenatal care is medical care you get before you give birth. (msdmanuals.com)
Prenatal care includes routine doctor visits and routine tests. (msdmanuals.com)
A better understanding about the pregnant woman representations related to conceptus development can support the elaboration of educative actions, aiming at a qualified and humanized prenatal and puerperal care. (bvsalud.org)
As such, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine prenatal HIV testing as the standard of care for all pregnant women in the United States, with repeat screening in the third trimester recommended in certain jurisdictions with elevated rates of HIV infection among pregnant women. (medscape.com)

Testing for aneuploidy and CNVs is routine during the investigation of fetal structural anomalies, but there is little information on the clinical usefulness of genome-wide next-generation sequencing in the prenatal setting. (cam.ac.uk)
When applied in obstetrics for specific clinical concerns, sonography provides valuable diagnostic information, however, there is limited evidence to support improved outcomes from the use of this technology as a "routine" prenatal screening test. (umanitoba.ca)
Women should be tested for HIV during routine prenatal testing, on an opt-out basis where possible. (medscape.com)

In type II lesions, multiple small cysts are evident on ultrasonography. (medscape.com)

Ultrasonography (US) is the most useful imaging modality with which to diagnose ARPKD, but further information is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis (eg, family history, US examination of the parents, clinical examination, and genetic analysis). (medscape.com)
Ultrasonography Ultrasonography is a safe imaging test that uses sound waves to create a moving picture of the insides of your body. (msdmanuals.com)

Unfortunately, prenatal detection rates for TGA have been low in most of the studies published to date. (cmich.edu)

Prenatal ultrasonography, post mortem magnetic resonance, autopsy. (nel.edu)

Four-dimensional volume data set acquisition followed by a systematic approach to image the outflow tracts may reduce the operator dependency of prenatal ultrasonography. (cmich.edu)

Finally, to interrogate the impact of the in utero environment, EWAS on 45 prenatal factors were performed and compared across the surrogate tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

If the values are so elevated, the cervical canal is closed, and the patient's history is consistent with passing tissue (which a physician has confirmed), then an empty uterus on ultrasonography is consistent with a completed abortion. (medscape.com)

[ 30 ] The authors suggest that ultrasonography may be useful for follow-up and late management and may reduce the need for exposure to radiation. (medscape.com)

For example, emergency physicians or trauma surgeons could perform real-time ultrasonography of the abdomen, thorax and heart in critically injured patients, identify life-threatening injuries and start life-saving treatment. (usask.ca)

A search performed in the MEDLINE/PubMed and Lilacs(Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) and in SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) databases, looking for recent papers covering pregnant women knowledge about prenatal development, did not returned results directly related with the theme. (bvsalud.org)
La resonancia conception, RACC1: manuscript magnética describe presencia de estructura de aspecto tubular bilobulada compuesta por dos imágenes nodulares, las design, literature search, data collection, data or software cuales se ubican adyacentes a la pared vesical en su aspecto posterior, lateral y superior derecho de 27,4 × 15,4 × 11,0 mm. management. (bvsalud.org)

Our objective was to define the trajectory of fetal growth in dichorionic twins empirically using longitudinal 2-dimensional ultrasonography and to compare the fetal growth trajectories for dichorionic twins with those based on a growth standard that was developed by our group for singletons. (emmes.com)

The purpose of this study was to ask pregnant women about their attitudes toward prenatal sonography. (umanitoba.ca)
A convenience sample of 20 women, who had undergone a prenatal scan, participated in a tape-recorded interview. (umanitoba.ca)
After an initial sonogram at 11 weeks 0 days-13 weeks 6 days of gestation during which dichorionicity was confirmed, women were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 serial ultrasonography schedules. (emmes.com)
to analyze the knowledge, worries and beliefs of a group of pregnant women regarding the prenatal development. (bvsalud.org)
i t was observed that certain prenatal development processes are known by the pregnant women. (bvsalud.org)

Endothelial function can be assessed using Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, which is an ultrasonography test that evaluates endothelial response to a reactive hyperemia [ 13 - 15 ]. (hindawi.com)

You will be able to see an amazing level of detail that won't be visible on a standard prenatal scan. (familyeducation.com)

It is your choice whether or not to get the prenatal tests. (medlineplus.gov)

In the prenatal period, hyperechoic bowel observed on ultrasonography may suggest intestinal obstruction. (renalandurologynews.com)

CONCLUSIONS: The degree of ventriculomegaly determined on high-resolution prenatal ultrasonography is predictive of early cognitive development in children with myelomeningocele, with worsening ventriculomegaly being associated with lower cognitive developmental quotients. (elsevier.com)

It is important to train obstetricians in level I and II ultrasonography, to recognise centres and institutions at national and regional level, and to integrate a network of diagnostic testing. (who.int)
Prenatal testing provides information about your baby's health before he or she is born. (medlineplus.gov)
Prenatal Testing: Is It Right for You? (medlineplus.gov)
Testing for CF mutations is frequently performed on chorionic villus sampling and amniotic fluid samples obtained in the prenatal period. (renalandurologynews.com)

Fetal thyroid ultrasonography was reported to be normal. (biomedcentral.com)

Research shows that robotic ultrasonography is comparable to standard sonography and is accepted by most patients. (usask.ca)

The literature reported only a few cases of prenatal diagnosis of early onset mid-ureteral stricture. (biomedcentral.com)

Prenatal diagnosis allows the clinician to prepare for the medical and psychological needs of the parents, fetus, and newborn before, during, and after delivery. (medscape.com)

Anatomy35

Diseases86

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment87

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes31

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science5

Named Groups4

Health Care37

Geographicals1

Detection of transposition of the great arteries in fetuses reduces neonatal morbidity and mortality. (1/4202)

Preterm labor. (2/4202)

A new lethal syndrome of exomphalos, short limbs, and macrogonadism. (3/4202)

Pregnancy detection and the effects of age, body weight, and previous reproductive performance on pregnancy status and weaning rates of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama). (4/4202)

Ventriculo-atrial time interval measured on M mode echocardiography: a determining element in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of fetal supraventricular tachycardia. (5/4202)

Individual growth patterns in the first trimester: evidence for difference in embryonic and fetal growth rates. (6/4202)

Accuracy of sonographic estimates of fetal weight in very small infants. (7/4202)

Clinical interpretation of ultrasound biometry for dating and for assessment of fetal growth using a wheel and chart: is it sufficiently accurate? (8/4202)

Ultrasonography

Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

Prenatal Diagnosis

Prenatal Care

Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

Pregnancy

Ultrasonography, Doppler

Fetal Diseases

Endosonography

Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex

Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed

Ultrasonography, Mammary

Infant, Newborn

Gestational Age

Ultrasonography, Interventional

Sensitivity and Specificity

Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial

Amniocentesis

Prospective Studies

Fetus

Maternal Exposure

Chorionic Villi Sampling

Sulfur Hexafluoride

Pregnancy Trimester, Second

Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Abortion, Eugenic

Pregnancy Outcome

Contrast Media

Retrospective Studies

Pregnancy Complications

Imaging, Three-Dimensional

Reproducibility of Results

Predictive Value of Tests

Pregnancy Trimester, Third

Urography

Scrotum

Prenatal Injuries

Fetal Development

Blood Flow Velocity

Hydronephrosis

Cysts

Pregnancy Trimester, First

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Echoencephalography

Congenital Abnormalities

Risk Factors

Birth Weight

Abnormalities, Multiple

Fetal Death

Abortion, Therapeutic

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Fetal Heart

Maternal-Fetal Exchange

Abdomen

Follow-Up Studies

Palpation

Carotid Artery Diseases

Ovarian Cysts

Abortion, Induced

Vagina

Genetic Counseling

Preoperative Care

Maternal-Fetal Relations

Toe Joint

Thyroid Nodule

Carotid Arteries

Polyhydramnios

Gallbladder

Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Pregnant Women

Observer Variation

Image Enhancement

Liver Neoplasms

Down Syndrome

False Positive Reactions

Maternal Age

Time Factors

Lymphangioma, Cystic

Abdominal Injuries