Tubulin
A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.
Tubulin Modulators
Microtubules
Colchicine
Microtubule-Associated Proteins
Podophyllotoxin
A lignan (LIGNANS) found in PODOPHYLLIN resin from the roots of PODOPHYLLUM plants. It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives.
Stathmin
A ubiquitous phosphoprotein that serves as an intracellular substrate for a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. PHOSPHORYLATION of stathmin occurs during CELL CYCLE progression, and stathmin functions as a microtubule-destabilizing protein that promotes MICROTUBULE depolymerization during INTERPHASE and late MITOSIS. Stathmin is expressed at very high levels in a variety of human CANCERS.
Guanosine Triphosphate
Paclitaxel
Polymers
Sea Urchins
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Peptide Synthases
Protein Binding
Biopolymers
Nocodazole
Cattle
Tropolone
Cilia
Populations of thin, motile processes found covering the surface of ciliates (CILIOPHORA) or the free surface of the cells making up ciliated EPITHELIUM. Each cilium arises from a basic granule in the superficial layer of CYTOPLASM. The movement of cilia propels ciliates through the liquid in which they live. The movement of cilia on a ciliated epithelium serves to propel a surface layer of mucus or fluid. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Cytoskeleton
Brain Chemistry
Mitosis
Spindle Apparatus
Kinesin
A microtubule-associated mechanical adenosine triphosphatase, that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move organelles along microtubules toward the plus end of the microtubule. The protein is found in squid axoplasm, optic lobes, and in bovine brain. Bovine kinesin is a heterotetramer composed of two heavy (120 kDa) and two light (62 kDa) chains. EC 3.6.1.-.
Macromolecular Substances
Chaperonin Containing TCP-1
Vinca Alkaloids
Axoneme
Benomyl
Sperm Tail
Binding Sites
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Physarum
Guanosine Diphosphate
Ectodermal Dysplasia
A group of hereditary disorders involving tissues and structures derived from the embryonic ectoderm. They are characterized by the presence of abnormalities at birth and involvement of both the epidermis and skin appendages. They are generally nonprogressive and diffuse. Various forms exist, including anhidrotic and hidrotic dysplasias, FOCAL DERMAL HYPOPLASIA, and aplasia cutis congenita.
Encyclopedias as Topic
Vestibular Diseases
Centrosome
The cell center, consisting of a pair of CENTRIOLES surrounded by a cloud of amorphous material called the pericentriolar region. During interphase, the centrosome nucleates microtubule outgrowth. The centrosome duplicates and, during mitosis, separates to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle (MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS).
Copyright
It is a form of protection provided by law. In the United States this protection is granted to authors of original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. (from Circular of the United States Copyright Office, 6/30/2008)
Organizations, Nonprofit
MedlinePlus
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Sodium Acetate
Databases, Protein
Sequence Analysis, Protein
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Mammalian staufen is a double-stranded-RNA- and tubulin-binding protein which localizes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (1/5514)
Staufen (Stau) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding protein involved in mRNA transport and localization in Drosophila. To understand the molecular mechanisms of mRNA transport in mammals, we cloned human (hStau) and mouse (mStau) staufen cDNAs. In humans, four transcripts arise by differential splicing of the Stau gene and code for two proteins with different N-terminal extremities. In vitro, hStau and mStau bind dsRNA via each of two full-length dsRNA-binding domains and tubulin via a region similar to the microtubule-binding domain of MAP-1B, suggesting that Stau cross-links cytoskeletal and RNA components. Immunofluorescent double labeling of transfected mammalian cells revealed that Stau is localized to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), implicating this RNA-binding protein in mRNA targeting to the RER, perhaps via a multistep process involving microtubules. These results are the first demonstration of the association of an RNA-binding protein in addition to ribosomal proteins, with the RER, implicating this class of proteins in the transport of RNA to its site of translation. (+info)Mutations of oncoprotein 18/stathmin identify tubulin-directed regulatory activities distinct from tubulin association. (2/5514)
Oncoprotein 18/stathmin (Op18) is a recently identified phosphorylation-responsive regulator of the microtubule (MT) system. It was originally proposed that Op18 specifically regulates dynamic properties of MTs by associating with tubulin, but it has subsequently been proposed that Op18 acts simply by sequestering of tubulin heterodimers. We have dissected the mechanistic action of Op18 by generation of two distinct classes of mutants. One class has interruptions of the heptad repeats of a potential coiled-coil region of Op18, and the other involves substitution at all four phosphorylation sites with negatively charged Glu residues. Both types of mutation result in Op18 proteins with a limited decrease in tubulin complex formation. However, the MT-destabilizing activities of the coiled-coil mutants are more severely reduced in transfected leukemia cells than those of the Glu-substituted Op18 derivative, providing evidence for tubulin-directed regulatory activities distinct from tubulin complex formation. Analysis of Op18-mediated regulation of tubulin GTPase activity and taxol-promoted tubulin polymerization showed that while wild-type and Glu-substituted Op18 derivatives are active, the coiled-coil mutants are essentially inactive. This suggests that Op18-tubulin contact involves structural motifs that deliver a signal of regulatory importance to the MT system. (+info)Gibberellic acid stabilises microtubules in maize suspension cells to cold and stimulates acetylation of alpha-tubulin. (3/5514)
Gibberellic acid is known to stabilise microtubules in plant organs against depolymerisation. We have now devised a simplified cell system for studying this. Pretreatment of a maize cell suspension with gibberellic acid for just 3 h stabilised protoplast microtubules against depolymerisation on ice. In other eukaryotes, acetylation of alpha-tubulin is known to correlate with microtubule stabilisation but this is not established in plants. By isolating the polymeric tubulin fraction from maize cytoskeletons and immunoblotting with the antibody 6-11B-1, we have demonstrated that gibberellic acid stimulates the acetylation of alpha-tubulin. This is the first demonstrated link between microtubule stabilisation and tubulin acetylation in higher plants. (+info)Arsenic targets tubulins to induce apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells. (4/5514)
Arsenic exhibits a differential toxicity to cancer cells. At a high concentration (>5 microM), As2O3 causes acute necrosis in various cell lines. At a lower concentration (0.5-5 microm), it induces myeloid cell maturation and an arrest in metaphase, leading to apoptosis. As2O3-treated cells have features found with both tubulin-assembling enhancers (Taxol) and inhibitors (colchicine). Prior treatment of monomeric tubulin with As2O3 markedly inhibits GTP-induced polymerization and microtubule formation in vitro but does not destabilize GTP-induced tubulin polymers. Cross-inhibition experiments indicate that As2O3 is a noncompetitive inhibitor of GTP binding to tubulin. These observations correlate with the three-dimensional structure of beta-tubulin and suggest that the cross-linking of two vicinal cysteine residues (Cys-12 and Cys-213) by trivalent arsenic inactivates the GTP binding site. Furthermore, exogenous GTP can prevent As2O3-induced mitotic arrest. (+info)Identification of a domain in guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1 that interacts with a complex of guanylyl cyclase and tubulin in photoreceptors. (5/5514)
The membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase in rod photoreceptors is activated by guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1 (GCAP-1) at low free [Ca2+]. GCAP-1 is a Ca2+-binding protein and belongs to the superfamily of EF-hand proteins. We created an oligopeptide library of overlapping peptides that encompass the entire amino acid sequence of GCAP-1. Peptides were used in competitive screening assays to identify interaction regions in GCAP-1 that directly bind the guanylyl cyclase in bovine photoreceptor cells. We found four regions in GCAP-1 that participate in regulating guanylyl cyclase. A 15-amino acid peptide located adjacent to the second EF-hand motif (Phe73-Lys87) was identified as the main interaction domain. Inhibition of GCAP-1-stimulated guanylyl cyclase activity by the peptide Phe73-Lys87 was completely relieved when an excess amount of GCAP-1 was added. An affinity column made from this peptide was able to bind a complex of photoreceptor guanylyl cyclase and tubulin. Using an anti-GCAP-1 antibody, we coimmunoprecipitated GCAP-1 with guanylyl cyclase and tubulin. Complex formation between GCAP-1 and guanylyl cyclase was observed independent of [Ca2+]. Our experiments suggest that there exists a tight association of guanylyl cyclase and tubulin in rod outer segments. (+info)Characterization of two related Drosophila gamma-tubulin complexes that differ in their ability to nucleate microtubules. (6/5514)
gamma-tubulin exists in two related complexes in Drosophila embryo extracts (Moritz, M., Y. Zheng, B.M. Alberts, and K. Oegema. 1998. J. Cell Biol. 142:1- 12). Here, we report the purification and characterization of both complexes that we name gamma-tubulin small complex (gammaTuSC; approximately 280,000 D) and Drosophila gammaTuRC ( approximately 2,200,000 D). In addition to gamma-tubulin, the gammaTuSC contains Dgrip84 and Dgrip91, two proteins homologous to the Spc97/98p protein family. The gammaTuSC is a structural subunit of the gammaTuRC, a larger complex containing about six additional polypeptides. Like the gammaTuRC isolated from Xenopus egg extracts (Zheng, Y., M.L. Wong, B. Alberts, and T. Mitchison. 1995. Nature. 378:578-583), the Drosophila gammaTuRC can nucleate microtubules in vitro and has an open ring structure with a diameter of 25 nm. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals a modular structure with approximately 13 radially arranged structural repeats. The gammaTuSC also nucleates microtubules, but much less efficiently than the gammaTuRC, suggesting that assembly into a larger complex enhances nucleating activity. Analysis of the nucleotide content of the gammaTuSC reveals that gamma-tubulin binds preferentially to GDP over GTP, rendering gamma-tubulin an unusual member of the tubulin superfamily. (+info)Genetic analysis of viable Hsp90 alleles reveals a critical role in Drosophila spermatogenesis. (7/5514)
The Hsp90 chaperone protein maintains the activities of a remarkable variety of signal transducers, but its most critical functions in the context of the whole organism are unknown. Point mutations of Hsp83 (the Drosophila Hsp90 gene) obtained in two different screens are lethal as homozygotes. We report that eight transheterozygous mutant combinations produce viable adults. All exhibit the same developmental defects: sterile males and sterile or weakly fertile females. We also report that scratch, a previously identified male-sterile mutation, is an allele of Hsp82 with a P-element insertion in the intron that reduces expression. Thus, it is a simple reduction in Hsp90 function, rather than possible altered functions in the point mutants, that leads to male sterility. As shown by light and electron microscopy, all stages of spermatogenesis involving microtubule function are affected, from early mitotic divisions to later stages of sperm maturation, individualization, and motility. Aberrant microtubules are prominent in yeast cells carrying mutations in HSP82 (the yeast Hsp90 gene), confirming that Hsp90 function is connected to microtubule dynamics and that this connection is highly conserved. A small fraction of Hsp90 copurifies with taxol-stabilized microtubule proteins in Drosophila embryo extracts, but Hsp90 does not remain associated with microtubules through repeated temperature-induced assembly and disassembly reactions. If the spermatogenesis phenotypes are due to defects in microtubule dynamics, we suggest these are indirect, reflecting a role for Hsp90 in maintaining critical signal transduction pathways and microtubule effectors, rather than a direct role in the assembly and disassembly of microtubules themselves. (+info)Mechanisms of action of and resistance to antitubulin agents: microtubule dynamics, drug transport, and cell death. (8/5514)
PURPOSE: To analyze the available data concerning mechanisms of action of and mechanisms of resistance to the antitubulin agents, vinca alkaloids and taxanes, and more recently described compounds. DESIGN: We conducted a review of the literature on classic and recent antitubulin agents, focusing particularly on the relationships between antitubulin agents and their intracellular target, the soluble tubulin/microtubule complex. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Although it is widely accepted that antitubulin agents block cell division by inhibition of the mitotic spindle, the mechanism of action of antitubulin agents on microtubules remains to be determined. The classic approach is that vinca alkaloids depolymerize microtubules, thereby increasing the soluble tubulin pool, whereas taxanes stabilize microtubules and increase the microtubular mass. More recent data suggest that both classes of agents have a similar mechanism of action, involving the inhibition of microtubule dynamics. These data suggest that vinca alkaloids and taxanes may act synergistically as antitumor agents and may be administered as combination chemotherapy in the clinic. However, enhanced myeloid and neurologic toxicity, as well as a strong dependence on the sequence of administration, presently exclude these combinations outside the context of clinical trials. Although the multidrug resistance phenotype mediated by Pgp appears to be an important mechanism of resistance to these agents, alterations of microtubule structure resulting in altered microtubule dynamics and/or altered binding of antitubulin agents may constitute a significant mechanism of drug resistance. (+info)
Microtubule-associated proteins and microtubule-based translocators have different binding sites on tubulin molecule<...
Rationalization of paclitaxel insensitivity of yeast β-tubulin and human βIII-tubulin isotype using principal component...
Requirement for the β<sub>I</sub> and β<sub>IV</sub> tubulin isotypes...
The actin-MRTF-SRF transcriptional circuit controls tubulin acetylation via α-TAT1 gene expression | JCB
Cell cycle regulation of tubulin RNA level, tubulin protein synthesis, and assembly of microtubules in Physarum. - Immunology
Two Drosophila beta tubulin isoforms are not functionally equivalent. | JCB
Tubulin alpha-4A chain
A TOG:αβ-tubulin Complex Structure Reveals Conformation-Based Mechanisms for a Microtubule Polymerase | Science
Patterns of tubulin isotype synthesis and usage during mitotic spindle morphogenesis in Physarum. - Oxford Neuroscience
Regulation of three beta-tubulin mRNAs during rat brain development. - Semantic Scholar
β‐Tubulin mutations that cause severe neuropathies disrupt axonal transport | The EMBO Journal
Tubulin alpha-3C/D chain
β3 tubulin expression characterizes the differentiating mesodermal germ layer during Drosophila embryogenesis | Development
The plant Spc98p homologue colocalizes with γ-tubulin at microtubule nucleation sites and is required for microtubule...
The extended tubulin superfamily. - Oxford Neuroscience
Complex regulation and functional versatility of mammalian alpha- and beta-tubulin isotypes during the differentiation of...
Tubulin post-translational modifications and the construction of microtubular organelles in Trypanosoma brucei. - Immunology
Membrane-Associated α-Tubulin Is Less Acetylated in Postmortem Prefrontal Cortex from Depressed Subjects Relative to Controls:...
Tubulin protein (97% pure): porcine brain - Cytoskeleton, Inc.
Helical microtubule arrays in a collection of twisting tubulin mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana | PNAS
Tubulin glycylases are required for primary cilia, control of cell proliferation and tumor development in colon | The EMBO...
The TUBB1 Q43P functional polymorphism reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in men by modulating platelet function and...
Microtubule nucleation - wikidoc
Alpha-tubulin 3C - Wikipedia
Deubiquitination of γ-tubulin by BAP1 prevents chromosome instability in breast cancer cells. - Semantic Scholar
βPix-d promotes tubulin acetylation and neurite outgrowth through a PAK/Stathmin1 signaling pathway<...
The where, when and how of microtubule nucleation - one ring to rule them all | Journal of Cell Science
Antievolution.org - Antievolution.org Discussion Board -Topic::Telic Thoughts Thread
A novel polymer of tubulin forms the conoid of Toxoplasma gondii | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
Neoblast data search
anti-beta Tubulin antibody | GeneTex
anti-beta Tubulin antibody | GeneTex
Preparation of Tubulin from Brain<...
gamma tubulin Antibody 66320-1-Ig | Proteintech
Mutagenetix > Incidental...
Tubulin protein (fluorescent HiLyte 647): porcine brain - Cytoskeleton, Inc.
Bio-Rad Rat anti Tubulin Alpha | Announcement | LabX Ad 4057299
Aggregator | pharmamatrix.ca
gamma Tubulin抗体(ab50721)| Abcam中国
Microtubule assembly-derived by dimerization of TPPP/p25. Evaluation of thermodynamic parameters for multiple equilibrium...
alpha Tubulin / TUBA1A / TUBA3 - AM39110PU-N | acris-antibodies.com
Distinct populations of microtubules: tyrosinated and nontyrosinated alpha tubulin are distributed differently in vivo
Anti-Tubulin Antibody Products | Biocompare.com
Severing enzymes amplify microtubule arrays through lattice GTP-tubulin incorporation | Science
How cancer cells resist the action of microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutic drugs? A study of β-tubulin mutations | Atlas of...
alpha Tubulin抗体[4G1] |Abcam中国|Anti-alpha Tubulin抗体[4G1]
Phosphorylation of tubulin tyrosine ligase: a potential mechanism for regulation of alpha-tubulin tyrosination
Plus it
Role of Fyn in the Rearrangement of Tubulin Cytoskeleton Induced through TCR | The Journal of Immunology
Identification of a class of novel tubulin inhibitors<...
Conformational study of calf brain tubulin<...
Vasohibins encode tubulin detyrosinating activity<...
Exbio antibodies - Mouse Monoclonal to alpha, beta-tubulin dimer TU-10 (IgM)
Theoretical Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics at All Times
Mitotic phosphorylation by NEK6 and NEK7 reduces the microtubule affinity of EML4 to promote chromosome congression | Science...
Exbio antibodies - Mouse Monoclonal to alpha, beta-tubulin dimer TU-10 (IgM)
ABL1 | Vascular Dysfunction Induced in Offspring by Maternal Dietary Fat
Tubulin tyrosine ligase like 12 links to prostate cancer through tubulin posttranslational modification and chromosome ploidy -...
A centrosomal protein FOR20 regulates microtubule assembly dynamics and plays a role in cell migration | Biochemical Journal
AID 214727 - Tested for the inhibition of binding of 5 uM [3H]-colchicine to purified tubulin at 37 degree Centigrade - PubChem
Zinc in the structure of Drosophila Nod (3DC4) and Bovine Tubulin (1JFF) Docked Into The 11-Angstrom Cryo-Em Map of Nucleotide...
Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody - Loading Control (ab4074) | Abcam
RCSB PDB - 4AQV: Model of human kinesin-5 motor domain (3HQD) and mammalian tubulin heterodimer (1JFF) docked into the 9.7...
AMPK activation promotes lipid droplet dispersion on detyrosinated microtubules to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation
Anti Tubulin Alpha 1A Chain Antibody, clone OTI2C8 (PrecisionAb Monoclonal Antibody) | Bio-Rad
Spast - Spastin - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Spast gene & protein
Plus it
Contractile proteins (actin, myosin) and tubulin are revealed within DNA-containing nucleocytoplasm in mature spermatozoa of...
An essential quality control mechanism at the eukaryotic basal body prior to intraflagellar transport. - Lancaster EPrints
Participation of guanine nucleotides in nucleation and elongation steps of microtubule assembly.<...
Plus it
Plus it
THE ROLE OF DIVA IN CELL DIFFERENTIATION | [email protected]
Microtubule Self-Assembly Kinetics - Durham University
Bulinski | Columbia University : Biological Sciences
Vascular targeting in pancreatic cancer: the novel tubulin-binding agent ZD6126 reveals antitumor activity in primary and...
Profile | Biosciences | University of Exeter
3 -Hydroxy-3,4 -dimethoxyflavone blocks tubulin polymerization and is a potent apoptotic inducer in human SK-MEL-1 melanoma...
Lexibulin | CYT997 | CAS#917111-44-5 | CAS#917111-49-0 | tubulin inhibitor | MedKoo Biosciences
Leicester Research Archive: Nek6 Controls Mitotic Progression through Regulating EML3 Localisation to Spindle Microtubules
Two β-tubulin genes, TUB1 and TUB8, of Arabidopsis exhibit largely nonoverlapping patterns of expression, Plant Molecular...
Microtubule assembly dynamics: an attractive target for antica...
Polewards chromosome movement driven by microtubule depolymerization in vitro.
Colchicine inhibits microtubule
AID 332145 - Induction of cellular microtubule disrupting activity in rat A10 cells at 1 ug/ml after 24 hrs by indirect...
AMRI Signs Agreement for Exclusive License of its Tubulin Inhibitor Program ... ( ALBANY N.Y. Feb. 11 2013 /- (L...)
Alpha-tubulin 3C
Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the ... Takeoka A, Shimizu M, Horio T (Dec 2000). "Identification of an alpha-tubulin mutant of fission yeast from gamma-tubulin- ... Tubulin alpha-3C/D chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA3C gene.[3][4] ... "Entrez Gene: TUBA3C tubulin, alpha 3c".. *^ Klein C, Kramer EM, Cardine AM, Schraven B, Brandt R, Trotter J (Feb 2002). " ...
Prosthecobacter
Tubulins, which are components of the microtubule, have never been observed in Gracilicutes before. Tubulin was long thought to ... These genes are called bacterial tubulin a (BtubA) and bacterial tubulin b (BtubB). The properties are not exactly same. ... Nogales E, Downing KH, Amos LA, Löwe J (June 1998). "Tubulin and FtsZ form a distinct family of GTPases". Nature Structural ... Larsen RA, Cusumano C, Fujioka A, Lim-Fong G, Patterson P, Pogliano J (June 2007). "Treadmilling of a prokaryotic tubulin-like ...
Polyglycylation
... of delta2 tubulin". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (48): 46140-46144. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208065200. PMID 12356754.. ... Polyglycylation is a form of posttranslational modification of glutamate residues of the carboxyl-terminal region tubulin in ... Banerjee Asok (2002). "Coordination of posttranslational modifications of bovine brain alpha-tubulin. ... "Polyglycylation of tubulin: a posttranslational modification in axonemal microtubules". Science. 266 (5191): 1688-1691. doi: ...
Bacillus thuringiensis
Tubulin was long thought to be specific to eukaryotes. More recently, however, several prokaryotic proteins have been shown to ... doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7686-4_2. ISBN 978-1-4419-7685-7. Nogales E, Downing KH, Amos LA, Löwe J (June 1998). "Tubulin and FtsZ ... Larsen RA, Cusumano C, Fujioka A, Lim-Fong G, Patterson P, Pogliano J (June 2007). "Treadmilling of a prokaryotic tubulin-like ... Yutin N, Koonin EV (March 2012). "Archaeal origin of tubulin". Biology Direct. 7: 10. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-7-10. PMC 3349469. ...
Katanin
ATP hydrolysis is stimulated at a low tubulin/At-p60 ratio and inhibited at higher ratios. The low ratios favor the katanin ... The predicted conformational change also likely decreases the affinity of katanin for tubulin as well as for other katanin ... During cell division, severing at the spindle pole produces free microtubule ends and allows poleward flux of tubulin and ... An experiment using time-lapse digital imaging of fluorescently labeled tubulin demonstrated that axon growth cones pause, and ...
Gary Borisy
Wells, W. A. (2005). "The discovery of tubulin". The Journal of Cell Biology. 169 (4): 552. doi:10.1083/jcb1694fta1. PMC ... characterizing tubulin and its role in cell division. He then did a postdoc at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of ...
Edwin W. Taylor
His work in the laboratory not only led to his discovery of tubulin, the protein subunit of microtubules, but it also developed ... After the introduction of tubulin, Taylor was conflicted on what moves the chromosomes and what caused the motile system to ... Crasta, Karen; Aneja, Ritu (September 2017). "50 years on … the discovery of tubulin continues to advance cancer treatment". ... Wells, William A. (2005-05-23). "The discovery of tubulin". Journal of Cell Biology. 169 (4): 552. doi:10.1083/jcb1694fta1. ...
Pericentriolar material
The PCM contains proteins responsible for microtubule nucleation and anchoring including γ-tubulin, pericentrin and ninein. ... Eddé, B.; Rossier; Le Caer; Desbruyères; Gros; Denoulet (1990). "Posttranslational glutamylation of alpha-tubulin". Science. ... Tubulin epsilon chain PCNT, pericentrin, a matrix scaffold protein CDK5RAP2, cyclin dependant kinase receptor associated ... protein 2, binds gTubRCs that nucleate microtubules NEDD1, binds gTubRCs that stabilise microtubules Gamma Tubulin, nucleates ...
ETV6
"TTL tubulin tyrosine ligase (human)". Entrez Gene. "CHIC2 cysteine rich hydrophobic domain 2 (human)". Entrez Gene. "MDS2 ... adds and removes tyrosine residues on α-tubulin), GOT1 (an Aspartate transaminase), and ACSL6 (a Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ...
Gunda Georg
Coulup, S. K.; Huang, D. S.; Wong, H. L.; Georg, G. I. Identification of the Metabolic Profile of the ?-Tubulin-binding Natural ...
Post-translational modification
See tubulin polyglutamylase) polyglycylation, covalent linkage of one to more than 40 glycine residues to the tubulin C- ... covalent linkage of glutamic acid residues to the N-terminus of tubulin and some other proteins. ( ... "Posttranslational glutamylation of alpha-tubulin". Science. 247 (4938): 83-5. Bibcode:1990Sci...247...83E. doi:10.1126/science. ...
Centriole
In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin. Centrioles are found in ... "Posttranslational glutamylation of alpha-tubulin". Science. 247 (4938): 83-5. Bibcode:1990Sci...247...83E. doi:10.1126/science. ...
TUBG1
Tubulin, gamma 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TUBG1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the tubulin ... "Entrez Gene: Tubulin, gamma 1". Zhang X, Chen Q, Feng J, Hou J, Yang F, Liu J, Jiang Q, Zhang C (July 2009). "Sequential ... gamma-tubulin in atypical ductal hyperplasia and carcinoma of the breast". Cancer Science. 100 (4): 580-7. doi:10.1111/j.1349- ... "A direct interaction with NEDD1 regulates gamma-tubulin recruitment to the centrosome". PLOS ONE. 5 (3): e9618. doi:10.1371/ ...
Centrosome
For instance, their capacity to incorporate γ-TuRC complexes (see also: γ-tubulin) can be very variable, and so their capacity ... Eddé, B.; Rossier; Le Caer; Desbruyères; Gros; Denoulet (1990). "Posttranslational glutamylation of alpha-tubulin". Science. ... including γ-tubulin, pericentrin and ninein. In general, each centriole of the centrosome is based on a nine-triplet ...
TUBE1
Chang P, Stearns T (January 2000). "Delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin: two new human centrosomal tubulins reveal new aspects of ... Tubulin, epsilon 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TUBE1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the tubulin ... "Entrez Gene: Tubulin, epsilon 1". Chang P, Giddings TH, Winey M, Stearns T (January 2003). "Epsilon-tubulin is required for ... Zanic M, Stear JH, Hyman AA, Howard J (October 2009). May RC (ed.). "EB1 recognizes the nucleotide state of tubulin in the ...
TUBB
"Entrez Gene: TUBB tubulin, beta". Goo YH, Sohn YC, Kim DH, Kim SW, Kang MJ, Jung DJ, Kwak E, Barlev NA, Berger SL, Chow VT, ... Tubulin beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBB gene. TUBB has been shown to interact with NCOA6 and SYT9 ... Volz A, Weiss E, Trowsdale J, Ziegler A (Jan 1994). "Presence of an expressed beta-tubulin gene (TUBB) in the HLA class I ... Lee MG, Lewis SA, Wilde CD, Cowan NJ (Jun 1983). "Evolutionary history of a multigene family: an expressed human beta-tubulin ...
TUBD1
Chang P, Stearns T (January 2000). "Delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin: two new human centrosomal tubulins reveal new aspects of ... "Entrez Gene: Tubulin, delta 1". Krebs DL, Uren RT, Metcalf D, Rakar S, Zhang JG, Starr R, De Souza DP, Hanzinikolas K, Eyles J ... Tubulin, delta 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TUBD1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000108423 - ... Kato A, Nagata Y, Todokoro K (May 2004). "Delta-tubulin is a component of intercellular bridges and both the early and mature ...
Spasmodic dysphonia
This gene encodes a tubulin gene. The pathophysiology of this condition has yet to be determined. There are a number of ...
TTBK2
Tau tubulin kinase 2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TTBK2 gene. This gene encodes a serine-threonine kinase that ... "Entrez Gene: Tau tubulin kinase 2". Retrieved 2012-06-11. Houlden H, Johnson J, Gardner-Thorpe C, Lashley T, Hernandez D, Worth ... purification and crystallization of a human tau-tubulin kinase 2 that phosphorylates tau protein". Acta Crystallographica ... putatively phosphorylates tau and tubulin proteins. Mutations in this gene cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 11 (SCA11); a ...
TUBG2
Tubulin gamma-2 chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBG2 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000037042 - ... "Entrez Gene: TUBG2 tubulin, gamma 2". CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a ... Wise DO, Krahe R, Oakley BR (2000). "The gamma-tubulin gene family in humans". Genomics. 67 (2): 164-70. doi:10.1006/geno. ... "Characterization of the human homologue of the yeast spc98p and its association with gamma-tubulin". J. Cell Biol. 141 (3): 689 ...
TUBB1
"Entrez Gene: TUBB1 tubulin, beta 1". Watts NR, Sackett DL, Ward RD, et al. (2000). "HIV-1 Rev Depolymerizes Microtubules to ... TUBB1 is a gene that codes for the protein Tubulin beta-1 chain in humans. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101162 - ... Giacca M (2006). "HIV-1 Tat, apoptosis and the mitochondria: a tubulin link?". Retrovirology. 2: 7. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-7. ... 2006). "No significant role for beta tubulin mutations and mismatch repair defects in ovarian cancer resistance to paclitaxel/ ...
TUBA1C
Tubulin alpha-1C chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA1C gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167553 ... "Entrez Gene: TUBA1C tubulin, alpha 1c". Dawson SJ, White LA (1992). "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ... Giacca M (2006). "HIV-1 Tat, apoptosis and the mitochondria: a tubulin link?". Retrovirology. 2: 7. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-7. ...
TUBA8
Tubulin alpha-8 chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA8 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000183785 - ... "Entrez Gene: TUBA8 tubulin, alpha 8". "GeneCards: TUBA8 gene". Alexandrova N, Niklinski J, Bliskovsky V, et al. (1995). "The N- ... 2001). "SIAH-1 interacts with alpha-tubulin and degrades the kinesin Kid by the proteasome pathway during mitosis". Oncogene. ... Giacca M (2006). "HIV-1 Tat, apoptosis and the mitochondria: a tubulin link?". Retrovirology. 2: 7. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-7. ...
Catastrophin
GTP binds to alpha tubulin irreversibly. Beta tubulin binds GTP and hydrolyzes to GDP. It is the GDP bound to beta-tubulin that ... Microtubules are polymers of tubulin subunits arranged in cylindrical tubes. The subunit is made up of alpha and beta tubulin. ... Beta-tubulin bounded to GTP are describe as having a GTP-cap that enables stable growth. Microtubules exist either in either a ... Some catastrophins affect catastrophe by binding to the ends of microtubules and promoting the dissociation of tubulin dimers. ...
TUBB2A
Carr D, Knull H (1993). "Aldolase-tubulin interactions: removal of tubulin C-terminals impairs interactions". Biochem. Biophys ... Tubulin beta-2A chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBB2A gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000137267 - ... Volz A, Weiss E, Trowsdale J, Ziegler A (1994). "Presence of an expressed beta-tubulin gene (TUBB) in the HLA class I region ... "Entrez Gene: TUBB2A tubulin, beta 2A". Dawson SJ, White LA (1992). "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ...
Anisotropic Network Model
Tubulin, by Keskin et al., 2002. - HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complexed with different inhibitors, by Temiz and Bahar, 2002 ...
Vincristine
... works partly by binding to the tubulin protein, stopping the tubulin dimers from polymerizing to form microtubules ... Anticancer Drugs Targeting Tubulin and Microtubules. Elsevier. 2015-01-01. ISBN 9780444626493. Jordan MA (January 2002). " ... "Mechanism of action of antitumor drugs that interact with microtubules and tubulin". Current Medicinal Chemistry. Anti-Cancer ...
Induced cell cycle arrest
Research into the mechanism has hinted at it potentially preventing tubulin from forming its alpha/beta heterodimer. Taxol ... Xu K, Schwarz PM, Ludueña RF (Feb 2002). "Interaction of nocodazole with tubulin isotypes". Drug Development Research. 55 (2): ... and as such does not require GTP or other cofactors to induce tubulin polymerization. Temperature has been shown to regulate ...
Detyrosination
Tubulin detyrosination is reversed by the tubulin-tyrosine ligase, which acts only on alpha-tubulin monomer. Since the majority ... Tubulin polymers, called microtubules, that contain detyrosinated alpha-tubulin are usually referred to as Glu-microtubules ... The tubulin carboxypeptidases that cleave the terminal tyrosine are two proteases called vashohibins (VASH1/VASH2), in complex ... Detyrosination is a form of posttranslational modification that occurs on alpha-tubulin. It consists of the removal of the C- ...
Eukaryote
They are composed mainly of tubulin. These are entirely distinct from prokaryotic flagellae. They are supported by a bundle of ...
Alpha-tubulin 3C - Wikipedia
Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the ... Takeoka A, Shimizu M, Horio T (Dec 2000). "Identification of an alpha-tubulin mutant of fission yeast from gamma-tubulin- ... Tubulin alpha-3C/D chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA3C gene.[3][4] ... "Entrez Gene: TUBA3C tubulin, alpha 3c".. *^ Klein C, Kramer EM, Cardine AM, Schraven B, Brandt R, Trotter J (Feb 2002). " ...
Talk:Tubulin-tyrosine ligase - Wikipedia
Tubulin - Wikipedia
Human δ- and ε-tubulin genes include:[citation needed] δ-tubulin: TUBD1 ε-tubulin: TUBE1 Zeta-tubulin (IPR004058) is present in ... It binds colchicine much more slowly than other isotypes of β-tubulin. β1-tubulin, sometimes called class VI β-tubulin, is the ... The β-tubulin subunit is exposed on the plus end of the microtubule while the α-tubulin subunit is exposed on the minus end. ... γ-tubulin also has been isolated as a dimer and as a part of a γ-tubulin small complex (γTuSC), intermediate in size between ...
CDD Conserved Protein Domain Family: Tubulin
Conserved Protein Domain Family Tubulin, This family includes the tubulin alpha, beta and gamma chains, as well as the ... Tubulin/FtsZ family, GTPase domain. This family includes the tubulin alpha, beta and gamma chains, as well as the bacterial ... FtsZ and tubulin are GTPases. FtsZ can polymerize into tubes, sheets, and rings in vitro and is ubiquitous in eubacteria and ...
Gamma tubulin (IPR002454) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Gamma-tubulins constitute a ubiquitous and highly-conserved subfamily of the tubulin family. The protein is found at ... gamma-tubulin ring complexes (gamma-TuRCs) and the the gamma-tubulin small complex (gamma-TuSC) [PMID: 17178454]. ... Gamma-tubulin complexes and microtubule organization.. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 19 24-30 2007 ... Gamma-tubulin complexes and microtubule organization.. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 19 24-30 2007 ...
Tubulin | ALZFORUM
Tubulin domain - Wikipedia
Tubulin/FtsZ family, GTPase domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain. This domain is found in all tubulin chains, as ... FtsZ and tubulin are GTPases, this entry is the GTPase domain. FtsZ can polymerise into tubes, sheets, and rings in vitro and ... Tubulin is the major component of microtubules, while FtsZ is the polymer-forming protein of bacterial cell division, it is ... Nogales E, Downing KH, Amos LA, Löwe J (June 1998). "Tubulin and FtsZ form a distinct family of GTPases". Nat. Struct. Biol. 5 ...
Tubulin Assembly Machine [image] | EurekAlert! Science News
Tubulin, alpha 4b (pseudogene) (TUBA4B)
tubulin alpha-B chain. N. crassa. 71.8. 372. NP_013625.1 * Conserved domains (CDD) * * Gene summary * * Protein sequence * * ... tubulin alpha-6 chain. A. thaliana. 73.5. 370. XP_963223.1 * Conserved domains (CDD) * * Gene summary * * Protein sequence * * ... tubulin, alpha 4b. X. laevis. 89.3. 447. NP_476772.1 * Conserved domains (CDD) * * Gene summary * * Protein sequence * * ... alpha tubulin 1. C. reinhardtii. 75.8. 450. NP_849388.1 * Conserved domains (CDD) * * Gene summary * * Protein sequence * * ...
γ-Tubulin | ALZFORUM
Tubulin - definition of tubulin by The Free Dictionary
tubulin synonyms, tubulin pronunciation, tubulin translation, English dictionary definition of tubulin. n. A globular protein ... tubulin. Also found in: Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.. Related to tubulin: alpha tubulin ... 5 In addition, colchicine binding to beta-tubulin results in curved tubulin dimer and prevents it from adopting a straight ... It binds to AY- tubulin and thus preventing polymerization of tubulin dimers to microtubules (Lacey, 1988).. Genetic ...
Proteins matched: Tubulin C (SM00865) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.
Watching microtubules grow one tubulin at a time | PNAS
2) harness the power of recent developments in recombinant tubulin engineering (3⇓⇓-6) and interferometric scattering ... Despite decades of research on microtubule dynamics, basic polymer properties such as rates of tubulin dimer addition and loss ... Watching microtubules grow one tubulin at a time. Nikita Gudimchuk and Antonina Roll-Mecak ... Microtubules grow through the addition of tubulin dimers at their tips. Observations of individual microtubules using a variety ...
The Diamagnetic Susceptibility of the Tubulin Dimer
... Wim Bras,1 James Torbet,1 Gregory P. Diakun,2 Geert L. J. A. Rikken,3 and ... An approximate value of the diamagnetic anisotropy of the tubulin dimer, , has been determined assuming axial symmetry and that ... The method utilized for the determination of the tubulin dimer diamagnetic susceptibility is applicable to other proteins and ...
PPAR Inhibitors as Novel Tubulin-Targeting Agents
tubulin mRNAs by recognition of the nascent amino terminus of β. -tubulin," Nature, vol. 334, no. 6183, pp. 580-585, 1988. View ... D. W. Cleveland, M. A. Lopata, P. Sherline, and M. W. Kirschner, "Unpolymerized tubulin modulates the level of tubulin mRNAs," ... M. Grynberg, L. Jaroszewski, and A. Godzik, "Domain analysis of the tubulin cofactor system: a model for tubulin folding and ... tubulin mRNA stability is linked to translation elongation," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United ...
Anti-betaIII Tubulin mAb, 100ug
To protect your privacy, your account will be locked after 6 failed attempts. After that, you will need to contact Customer Service to unlock your account.. You have 4 remaining attempts.. You have 3 remaining attempts.. You have 2 remaining attempts.. You have 1 remaining attempt.. Contact Customer Service ...
RCSB PDB - Gene View
- TTL - tubulin tyrosine ligase
The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
Calcium-Induced Modulation of the Tubulin Pool in Parathyroid Glands | SpringerLink
Solomon, F.: Binding Sites for Calcium on Tubulin. Biochemistry, 16: 358, 1977.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Bader C.A., Monet J.D., Funck-Brentano J.L. (1978) Calcium-Induced Modulation of the Tubulin Pool in Parathyroid Glands. In: ... After demonstration of a specific Colchicine Binding Protein (Co1BP) in PTG, the tubulin pool size level in PTG slices ... The mechanism of action has been attributed to the ability of these agents to bind to tubulin, the protein subunit of the ...
Complete amino acid sequence of beta-tubulin from porcine brain | PNAS
Comparison of the optimally aligned sequences of alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin indicates that 41% of their primary structures ... Complete amino acid sequence of beta-tubulin from porcine brain. E Krauhs, M Little, T Kempf, R Hofer-Warbinek, W Ade, H ... Complete amino acid sequence of beta-tubulin from porcine brain. E Krauhs, M Little, T Kempf, R Hofer-Warbinek, W Ade, H ... Complete amino acid sequence of beta-tubulin from porcine brain. E Krauhs, M Little, T Kempf, R Hofer-Warbinek, W Ade, and H ...
Postdoctoral position available studying tubulin and its modifications | ISMAR
In particular, this position is for a project to dissect the role of the C-terminal tail of tubulin on its function by NMR and ... Postdoctoral position available studying tubulin and its modifications. Submitted by mariabaias on Thu, 2016-10-27 14:10 ... We use Tetrahymena thermophila as a source for tubulin. We will capitalize on the broad range of mutant strains with ... The candidate will work with two others on a collaborative project to study the role of tubulin tail post-translational ...
Highly potent triazole-based tubulin polymerization inhibitors
Several of the subject compounds exhibited potent tubulin poly … ... We describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors that contain the 1,2,4- ... Highly potent triazole-based tubulin polymerization inhibitors J Med Chem. 2007 Feb 22;50(4):749-54. doi: 10.1021/jm061142s. ... We describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors that contain the 1,2,4- ...
Rat Kangaroo Cell Tubulin | MicroscopyU
... epithelial cells that were immunofluorescently labeled with primary anti-bovine alpha-tubulin mouse monoclonal antibodies ... Rat Kangaroo Cell Tubulin. G-2E/C Bandpass Emission (Narrow Bandwidth Excitation) Green Set. Fluorescence emission intensity ... epithelial cells that were immunofluorescently labeled with primary anti-bovine alpha-tubulin mouse monoclonal antibodies ...
HeLa Cell Tubulin | Nikon's MicroscopyU
... cells that were transfected with a pEYFP-Tubulin plasmid subcellular localization vector. ... HeLa Cell Tubulin. YFP Bandpass Emission (Narrow Bandwidth Excitation) Blue-Green Set. Fluorescence emission intensity from a ... culture of human cervical carcinoma epithelial (HeLa line) cells that were transfected with a pEYFP-Tubulin plasmid subcellular ...
Consciousness Depends on Tubulin Vibrations Inside Neurons, Anesthesia Study Suggests
... rows of tubulin, tubulin and London force dipole networks which oscillate in the terahertz regime. Anesthetics may act (lower ... rows of tubulin, tubulin and London force dipole networks which oscillate in the terahertz regime. Anesthetics may act (lower ... rows of tubulin, tubulin and London force dipole networks which oscillate in the terahertz regime. Anesthetics may act (lower ... Anesthetic alterations of collective terahertz oscillations in tubulin correlate with clinical potency: Implications for ...
FtsZ, a tubulin homologue in prokaryote cell division
Like tubulin, it appears to have a cytoskeletal role as both proteins assemble into tw … ... Sequence alignments convincingly demonstrate that FtsZ is a prokaryotic homologue of eukaryotic tubulins. FtsZ appears to be ... FtsZ, a tubulin homologue in prokaryote cell division Trends Cell Biol. 1997 Sep;7(9):362-7. doi: 10.1016/S0962-8924(97)01108-2 ... Like tubulin, it appears to have a cytoskeletal role as both proteins assemble into two types of characteristic polymers in ...
Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody (ab24246) | Abcam
Rabbit polyclonal alpha Tubulin antibody validated for WB and tested in Human, Mouse and Rat. Referenced in 3 publications. ... All lanes : Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody (ab24246) at 1/10000 dilution. Lane 1 : HeLa cell lysates (20ug).. Lane 2 : 293T cell ... Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and ... Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent ...
CST - β-Tubulin (D3U1W) Mouse mAb
Monoclonal Antibody for studying tubulin beta-5 in the Cytoskeletal Signaling research area. ... Globular tubulin subunits comprise the microtubule building block, with α/β-tubulin heterodimers forming the tubulin subunit ... γ-tubulin is required to nucleate polymerization of tubulin subunits to form microtubule polymers. Many cell movements are ... β-Tubulin (D3U1W) Mouse mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total β-tubulin protein. ...
Anti-Tubulin Antibody Products | Biocompare.com
Compare Anti-Tubulin Antibody Products from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, reviews, ... Anti-Tubulin Antibody Products. The following lists a number of Tubulin antibodies from various sources. The target antigen may ... The tubulin families include alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, and zeta tubulins. Consult the supplier page to verify the ... We examined the levels of tubulin in HeLa whole cell lysates of control vs siRNA-mediated knockdown of protein X. ...
Tubulin-tirozinska ligaza - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
Tubulin-tirozinska ligaza (EC 6.3.2.25) je enzim sa sistematskim imenom alfa-tubulin:L-tirozin ligaza (formira ADP).[1][2] Ovaj ... ATP + detirozinisani alfa-tubulin + L-tirozin ⇌. {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }. alfa-tubulin + ADP + fosfat. L-tirozin je ... The carboxy-terminal peptide of detyrosinated α tubulin provides a minimal system to study the substrate specificity of tubulin ... Wehland, J., Schröder, H.C., Weber, K. (1986). „Isolation and purification of tubulin-tyrosine ligase". Methods Enzymol. 134: ...
Nanoscale Force Generation and Rigidity of Isotypically Purified b-Tubulin Microtubules
Nanoscale Force Generation and Rigidity of Isotypically Purified β-Tubulin Microtubules. K Beinert and J A Tuszynski*. ... Here again, the β-tubulin isotype composition can be varied in order to produce a microtubule with a specific growth rate, in ... This, in turn, gives us the ability to assemble microtubules with pre-determined β-tubulin isotype composition in order to ... We have investigated microtubule dynamics found in isotypically purified β-tubulin in order to understand how different ...
MicrotubulesProteinMonoclonal AntibodyAntibodiesProteinsSubunitsIsotypeCytoskeletonGeneFtsZImmunogenHeterodimerHeLaDimerSubunitHighly conservedTyrosineMitosisAcetylationInhibitorsMembers of the tubulin familySpeciesCytoskeletalIsotypesHeterodimersPolymerizationWestern BlotSuperfamilyEukaryotic cellsVitroReactivityNeuronal tubulinAminoELISAImmunofluorescenceCloneFilamentsAntibody at 1:500 dilutionBindsMolecularGenesPhosphorylationHumanColchicine siteMicrotubule formationEndogenousVivoMitoticResiduesDM1APolymerizePosttranslational
Microtubules50
- Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer of alpha and beta tubulin. (wikipedia.org)
- The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. (wikipedia.org)
- Tubulin is the major component of microtubules. (nih.gov)
- UC Davis researchers show how four proteins come together to make the machine that assembles tubulin, the building block of microtubules. (eurekalert.org)
- α- and β-tubulins polymerize into microtubules, a major component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast, tubulin polymers (microtubules) tend to be much bigger than actin filaments due to their cylindrical nature. (wikipedia.org)
- α- and β-tubulin polymerize into dynamic microtubules. (wikipedia.org)
- Microtubules are assembled from dimers of α- and β-tubulin. (wikipedia.org)
- To form microtubules, the dimers of α- and β-tubulin bind to GTP and assemble onto the (+) ends of microtubules while in the GTP-bound state. (wikipedia.org)
- Tubulin is the major component of microtubules, while FtsZ is the polymer-forming protein of bacterial cell division, it is part of a ring in the middle of the dividing cell that is required for constriction of cell membrane and cell envelope to yield two daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Microtubules grow through the addition of tubulin dimers at their tips. (pnas.org)
- The mechanism of action has been attributed to the ability of these agents to bind to tubulin, the protein subunit of the cellular microtubules, and as a consequence, to prevent microtubule assembly. (springer.com)
- The target antigen may refer to the tubulin polymer that comprises microtubules of the cytoskeleton, as well as individual members of the tubulin protein superfamily. (biocompare.com)
- This, in turn, gives us the ability to assemble microtubules with pre-determined β-tubulin isotype composition in order to generate a desired amount of force for a particular nano-engineering application. (foresight.org)
- W B Derry, R Luduena: Taxol Differentially Modulates the Dynamics of Microtubules Assembled from Unfractionated and Purified β-Tubulin Isotypes. (foresight.org)
- This result indicates that the hydrophobic tubulin isolated from membrane preparations belongs to microtubules that in vivo are associated to membranes. (springer.com)
- Therefore, hydrophobic tubulin (tubulin-membrane component complex) can be obtained from membranes or from microtubules depending on the conditions of brain homogenization. (springer.com)
- Beltramo DM, Arce CA, Barra HS: Tyrosination of microtubules and nonassembled tubulin in brain slices. (springer.com)
- Arce CA, Barra HS: Release of C-terminal tyrosina from tubulin and microtubules at steady state. (springer.com)
- We show that tubulin subunits, not microtubules, are the primary form of tubulin transport in neurons. (rupress.org)
- Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton are composed of a heterodimer of α- and β-tubulin. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- TUBA4A belongs to the subfamily of tubulin, which is the major building block of microtubules. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Possible regulation of microtubules through destabilization of tubulin. (sdbonline.org)
- Their work also highlight the essential role of the polyglutamylation of microtubules tubulin in neuronal survival and thus improve the understanding of many neurodegenerative diseases. (cea.fr)
- Beta-tubulin is a 55 kDa subunit of tubulin that polymerizes with alpha-tubulin into microtubules, the major cytoskeletal elements found in all eukaryotic cells. (fluidigm.com)
- Tubulin is the major component of microtubules within the cytoskeleton and is assembled from heterodimers of alpha and beta tubulin subunits. (stemcell.com)
- The rate at which microtubules incorporated DTAF-tubulin depended on the cell-cycle stage of the injected cell. (rupress.org)
- The temporal patterns of redistribution included a rapid phase (approximately 3 s) that we attribute to diffusion of free DTAF-tubulin and a second, slower phase that seems to represent the exchange of bleached DTAF-tubulin in microtubules with free, unbleached DTAF-tubulin. (rupress.org)
- Our work indicates that katanin could function best on stabile microtubules or stabile regions of microtubules in cells in regions where free tubulin is sequesters, low, or depleted. (aps.org)
- Here we adapted an immunofluorescence method and investigated the cellular localization of γ-tubulin and microtubules (MTs) in dividing Tetrahymena. (biomedsearch.com)
- Microtubules, the major cytoskeletal elements found in all eukaryotic cells, consist of Tubulin, which is a dimer of two 55kDa subunits: alpha and Beta. (fishersci.com)
- Polymers of alpha- and beta-tubulin make up microtubules, part of the cell's cytoskeleton. (sciencephoto.com)
- Colour enhanced Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) of microtubules reconstituted from tubulin in vitro. (sciencephoto.com)
- Tubulin is the protein which makes up microtubules . (academickids.com)
- Tubulin binds GTP and assembles onto the (+) ends of microtubules in the GTP-bound state. (academickids.com)
- Polyglutamylation of tubulin has been implicated in several functions of microtubules, but the identification of the responsible enzyme(s) has been challenging. (sciencemag.org)
- The significant antitumor activity of ixabepilone in taxane-resistant tumors may be related to its preferential suppression of the dynamic instability of α/βIII-microtubules in cells expressing high levels of βIII-tubulin. (aacrjournals.org)
- Along with beta-tubulins, alpha-tubulins are the major components of microtubules. (prosci-inc.com)
- Another post-translational modification of detyrosinated alpha-tubulin is C-terminal polyglutamylation, which is characteristic of microtubules in neuronal cells and the mitotic spindle. (prosci-inc.com)
- β-Tubulin, together with α-tubulin, participates in the formation of microtubules, the integrity of which is essential for the segregation of chromosomes during cell division, maintenance of cell shape, and intracellular trafficking of macromolecules and organelles ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Tubulin can also be phosphorylated by several kinases ( 11 ), and such changes affect the overall dynamic properties of cellular microtubules during interphase as well as mitosis ( 11 - 14 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- The most common members of the tubulin family are α-tubulin and β-tubulin, the proteins that make up microtubules. (genscript.com)
- The structural subunit of microtubules, the 100 kD protein tubulin, is a heterodimer of two 50 kD subunits designated alpha and beta. (biogenex.com)
- Today, I invite you to look at methods for measuring the dynamic polymerisation of tubulin to microtubules and to detect the impact of compounds or other variables in your experiments on this process. (tebu-bio.com)
- In eukaryotic cells, tubulin polymerizes to form structures called microtubules (MTs) (Fig. 1). (tebu-bio.com)
- At 37°C tubulin will polymerize into microtubules while at 4°C microtubules will depolymerize to the tubulin subunits. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Tubulin, one of the major constituents of microtubules, is a dimeric protein consisting of an alpha and beta chain. (biolegend.com)
- Tubulin is one of the major constituents of microtubules. (biolegend.com)
- Furthermore, TOG1 preferentially binds a curved conformation of αβ-tubulin that cannot be incorporated into microtubules, contacting α- and β-tubulin surfaces that do not participate in microtubule assembly. (sciencemag.org)
- Acetylation of α-tubulin lysine 40 (K40) is a prominent and conserved modification of neuronal microtubules. (biologists.org)
Protein51
- Tubulin alpha-3C/D chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA3C gene . (wikipedia.org)
- This gene is an alpha tubulin gene that encodes a protein 99% to the mouse testis-specific Tuba3 and Tuba7 gene products. (wikipedia.org)
- It exists in two main protein complexes: gamma-tubulin ring complexes (gamma-TuRCs) and the the gamma-tubulin small complex (gamma-TuSC) [ PMID: 17178454 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
- Tubulin is characterized by the evolutionarily conserved Tubulin/FtsZ family, GTPase protein domain. (wikipedia.org)
- This GTPase protein domain is found in all eukaryotic tubulin chains, as well as the bacterial protein TubZ, the archaeal protein CetZ, and the FtsZ protein family widespread in Bacteria and Archaea. (wikipedia.org)
- Tubulin/FtsZ family, GTPase domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain. (wikipedia.org)
- After demonstration of a specific Colchicine Binding Protein (Co1BP) in PTG, the tubulin pool size level in PTG slices incubated in vitro in various extracellular calcium concentrations was assayed. (springer.com)
- The protein consists of 445 amino acid residues and has a minimum of six positions that are heterogeneous, indicating at least two beta-tubulins in porcine brain. (pnas.org)
- We have investigated microtubule dynamics found in isotypically purified β-tubulin in order to understand how different microtubule protein compositions may affect growth and shrinkage rates. (foresight.org)
- Zisapel N, Levi M, Gozes I: Tubulin: an integral protein of mammalian synaptic vesicle membranes. (springer.com)
- The expression of α-tubulin, or any housekeeping protein (HKP), should be validated to ensure that its expression does not change under experimental conditions. (licor.com)
- Detects endogenous levels of total α-tubulin protein. (licor.com)
- Katsetos CD, Legido A, Perentes E, Mork SJ: Class III beta-tubulin isotype: a key cytoskeletal protein at the crossroads of developmental neurobiology and tumor neuropathology. (drugbank.ca)
- 2,3 Centrosomes can initiate microtubule assembly irrespective of ε-tubulin content, indicating that this protein is not involved in microtubule nucleation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Identification of a novel tubulin-destabilizing protein related to the chaperone cofactor E. J. Cell Sci. (sdbonline.org)
- ADP ribosylation factor-like protein 2 (Arl2) regulates the interaction of tubulin-folding cofactor D with native tubulin. (sdbonline.org)
- Sto1p, a fission yeast protein similar to tubulin folding cofactor E, plays an essential role in mitotic microtubule assembly. (sdbonline.org)
- Tubulin subunits exist in an activated conformational state generated and maintained by protein cofactors. (sdbonline.org)
- The AA10 antibody reacts with beta-tubulin III, an ~50 - 55 kDa structural protein that is a constituent of tubulin. (stemcell.com)
- pTagYFP-tubulin is a mammalian expression vector encoding TagYFP-tubulin fusion protein ( see reporter description ). (evrogen.com)
- Recombinant protein encompassing a sequence within the center region of human gamma Tubulin. (thermofisher.com)
- Tubulin gamma, an essential structural protein for cell growth, organizes microtubule arrays in the nucleus and cytoplasm. (fishersci.com)
- As a first step in determining what cellular processes are regulated by the calcium-modulated protein S100A1 isoform in neurons, the effects of ablated S100A1 expression on neurite organization and microtubule/tubulin levels in PC12 cells were examined. (biomedsearch.com)
- This increase in neurite number was accompanied by an increase in total alpha-tubulin levels in untreated (4.0 +/- 0.6 versus 1.76 +/- 0.4 ng of alpha-tubulin/mg of total protein) and nerve growth factor-treated pAntisense clones (4.15 +/- 0.4 versus 2. (biomedsearch.com)
- 04 +/- 0.5 ng of alpha-tubulin/mg of total protein) when compared with control cells. (biomedsearch.com)
- Recently, however, the prokaryotic cell division protein FtsZ was shown to be evolutionarily related to tubulin. (academickids.com)
- Our novel findings reveal that Sydenham's chorea mAbs target a 55-kDa brain protein with an N-terminal amino acid sequence of MREIVHLQ corresponding to β-tubulin. (jimmunol.org)
- The chorea mAbs labeled both intra- and extracellular Ags of a neuronal cell line providing evidence suggesting mimicry between intracellular brain protein tubulin and extracellular lysoganglioside. (jimmunol.org)
- We found that the neuronal tubulin polyglutamylase is a protein complex containing a tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) protein, TTLL1. (sciencemag.org)
- Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing Tubulin domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl.de)
- The availability of monoclonal antibodies to α-tubulin uses as a common housekeeping protein and serves as a specific and useful tool in studying proper interpretation of western blots. (genscript.com)
- GenScript Rabbit Anti-β-Tubulin III Polyclonal Antibody is developed in rabbit hosts using a KLH-coupled synthetic peptide within residues 150-200 of human β-Tubulin III protein (Swiss Prot: Q13509). (genscript.com)
- GenScript Rabbit Anti-β-Tubulin III Polyclonal Antibody detects endogenous levels of human, rat and mouse β-tubulin III protein. (genscript.com)
- To determine the degree to which normal spermatogenesis depends on key functions of the Sertoli cell microtubule network, adenoviral vectors that overexpress the microtubule nucleating protein, γ-tubulin, were delivered to Sertoli cells in vivo. (bioone.org)
- beta Tubulin antibody detects beta Tubulin protein at cytoplasm on human breast cancer by immunohistochemical analysis. (genetex.com)
- beta Tubulin antibody detects beta Tubulin protein by western blot analysis. (genetex.com)
- beta Tubulin antibody detects beta Tubulin protein at cytoplasm in rat spleen by immunohistochemical analysis. (genetex.com)
- Tubulin is a labile protein. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Total cell lysates (15 µg protein) from HaCaT, HeLa, and NIH3T3 were resolved by 4-12% Bis-tris gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with Biotin anti-Tubulin-α Antibody (clone 10D8) (upper). (biolegend.com)
- Tubulin is a highly conserved protein that is ubiquitously expressed. (biolegend.com)
- Tubulin is a GTP-binding protein that can be modified by phosphorylation and acetylation. (biolegend.com)
- Tubulin interacts with a variety of proteins including RAC GTPase activating protein 1, ZAP70, Polo-like kinase, c-Myc, Fyn, and microtubule associated protein 1A. (biolegend.com)
- Tubulin family, tubulin is a dimeric protein consisting of an alpha and beta chain. (biolegend.com)
- This alpha Tubulin antibody was raised against total protein purified from sea urchin sperm axonemes. (activemotif.com)
- Zusätzlich bieten wir Ihnen Tubulin tyrosine Ligase-Like Family, Member 1 Proteine (6) und viele weitere Produktgruppen zu diesem Protein an. (antikoerper-online.de)
- Total lysates (15 µg protein) from HaCaT, HeLa (Human) and Raw264.7 (Mouse) cells were resolved by electrophoresis (4-20% Tris-glycine gel), transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with 1:1000 (0.5 µg/ml) purified anti-Tubulin-γ antibody, clone 14C11. (biolegend.com)
- This protein has been shown to interact with α-tubulin, paxillin, and RAC GTPase activated protein 1. (biolegend.com)
- In addition to its cytosolic function, gamma-tubulin is a chromatin-associated protein. (lu.se)
- Reduced levels of nuclear gamma-tubulin increase the activity of E2 promoter-binding factors (E2F) and raise the levels of retinoblastoma (RB1) tumor suppressor protein. (lu.se)
- The yeast protein Rbl2p suppresses the deleterious effects of excess beta-tubulin as efficiently as does alpha-tubulin. (caltech.edu)
Monoclonal Antibody6
- Detect α-Tubulin Mouse Monoclonal Antibody with IRDye ® Goat anti-Mouse or IRDye Donkey anti-Mouse secondary antibodies. (licor.com)
- A unique Monoclonal Antibody to ε-Tubulin, clone TUB-11 (Product No. T1323 ) is directed against the C-terminal region of ε-tubulin (amino acids 352-366 of human ε-tubulin) and may be used in ELISA and immunoblotting. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The following antibody was used in this experiment: gamma Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody (GT4511) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA5-31482, RRID AB_2787113. (thermofisher.com)
- Provide accurate, reproducible results with the Thermo Scientific Tubulin-Β Ab-6, Mouse Monoclonal Antibody. (fishersci.com)
- Overnight nocodazole treated Hela cells stained with purified mouse monoclonal antibody against g-Tubulin (clone 14C11) followed by Rhodamine Red-X conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG and DAPI. (biolegend.com)
- Alpha Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody can be used for ELISA starting at 1:100 - 1:1000 and immunohistochemistry (tested on parafin embedded tissues) starting at 5 μg/mL. (prosci-inc.com)
Antibodies10
- Fluorescence emission intensity from a culture of rat kangaroo ( PtK2 ) epithelial cells that were immunofluorescently labeled with primary anti-bovine alpha -tubulin mouse monoclonal antibodies followed by goat anti-mouse Fab fragments conjugated to Alexa Fluor 546. (microscopyu.com)
- The following lists a number of Tubulin antibodies from various sources. (biocompare.com)
- Your search returned 6688 Tubulin Antibodies across 70 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
- Blose HS, Meltzer DI, Feramisco JR: 10 nm filaments are induced to collapse in living cells microinjected with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against tubulin. (springer.com)
- Piperno G, Fuller MT: Monoclonal antibodies specific for an acetylated form of a-tubulin recognize the antigen in cilia and flagella from a variety of organisms. (springer.com)
- Your search returned 27 Tubulin Antibodies across 1 supplier. (biocompare.com)
- Once validated, α-tubulin primary antibodies can be used for the detection of α-tubulin when performing two-color detection. (licor.com)
- The antibodies provide specific and useful tools for studying the intracellular distribution and cell cycle-dependent expression of ε-tubulin. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The innovative Monoclonal Anti-ε-Tubulin antibody complements our wide selection of antibodies to different tubulins, which include antibodies to α, β, and γ-tubulins, as well as antibodies to modified tubulins, such as acetylated-tubulin, tyrosine-tubulin and polyglutamylated tubulin. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- On www.antibodies-online.com are 309 alpha Tubulin (TUBA1) Antibodies from 28 different suppliers available. (antibodies-online.com)
Proteins22
- This family includes the tubulin alpha, beta and gamma chains, as well as the bacterial FtsZ family of proteins. (nih.gov)
- More recently, however, several prokaryotic proteins have been shown to be related to tubulin. (wikipedia.org)
- This domain is found in all tubulin chains, as well as the bacterial FtsZ family of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- The method utilized for the determination of the tubulin dimer diamagnetic susceptibility is applicable to other proteins and macromolecular assemblies as well. (hindawi.com)
- Like tubulin, it appears to have a cytoskeletal role as both proteins assemble into two types of characteristic polymers in vitro - protofilament sheets and mini-rings. (nih.gov)
- Hargreaves AJ, Avila J: Localization and characterization of tubulin-like proteins associated with brain mitochondria. (springer.com)
- Op18/Stathmin counteracts the activity of overexpressed tubulin-disrupting proteins in a human leukemia cell line. (sdbonline.org)
- Using systematic experiments introducing free tubulin into the assays we find that free tubulin can compete for microtubule filaments for the katanin proteins. (aps.org)
- Tubulin Inhibitors offered by Santa Cruz inhibit Tubulin and, in some cases, other globular and microtubule related proteins. (scbt.com)
- Surprisingly, while my thesis work confirmed an essential role of these proteins to ensure mitotic fidelity, tubulin subunits partitioning is not controlled by the endogenous levels of MCAK and TOGp in human somatic cells. (diva-portal.org)
- TTLL1 is a member of a large family of proteins with a TTL homology domain, whose members could catalyze ligations of diverse amino acids to tubulins or other substrates. (sciencemag.org)
- beta Tubulin Inhibitors offered by Santa Cruz inhibit beta Tubulin and, in some cases, other globular and microtubule related proteins. (scbt.com)
- Analyses of these mutants can lead to an understanding of microtubule processes as well as to the identification of other proteins that interact with tubulin. (genetics.org)
- There are 39333 Tubulin domains in 39264 proteins in SMART's nrdb database. (embl.de)
- Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing Tubulin domain. (embl.de)
- The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with Tubulin domain is also avaliable . (embl.de)
- Tubulin is one of several members of a small family of globular proteins. (genscript.com)
- African clawed frog, and disc abalone β-tubulin III proteins. (genscript.com)
- Mutations in genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that code for proteins that interact with beta-tubulin were sought by screening for unlinked mutations that fail to complement mutations in the single beta-tubulin-encoding gene (TUB2). (genetics.org)
- The majority of the differences among the isotypes cluster in the C-terminal, a region where the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) bind to tubulin. (biogenex.com)
- The fluorescence tubulin polymerization assay ( 027BK011P ) is an economical one-step procedure for determining the effects of drugs or proteins on tubulin polymerization. (tebu-bio.com)
- Stu2p/XMAP215/Dis1 family proteins are evolutionarily conserved regulatory factors that use αβ-tubulin-interacting tumor overexpressed gene (TOG) domains to catalyze fast microtubule growth. (sciencemag.org)
Subunits2
- Functionally, the presence of βIII-tubulin inhibits the assembly of β-tubulin subunits promoted by paclitaxel ( 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- MT functions and dynamics are dictated by the composition of their monomeric subunits, α- (TUA) and β-tubulins (TUB), which in animals and protists are subject to both transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications (PTM). (osti.gov)
Isotype10
- The use of tubulin -targeting agents is limited by the development of resistance to anticancer drugs, which is induced by tubulin isotype mutation and the alteration of microtubule dynamics (Cheung et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Here again, the β-tubulin isotype composition can be varied in order to produce a microtubule with a specific growth rate, in order to produce a microtubule of desired rigidity. (foresight.org)
- A common beta tubulin isotype-1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism as a tool for detection and quantitation of anthelmintic resistant Haemonchus contortus in grazing goats. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Ranganathan S, Dexter DW, Benetatos CA, Hudes GR: Cloning and sequencing of human betaIII-tubulin cDNA: induction of betaIII isotype in human prostate carcinoma cells by acute exposure to antimicrotubule agents. (drugbank.ca)
- Flow Cytometry: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with alpha Tubulin (DM1A) Antibody NB100-690JF646 (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). (novusbio.com)
- Overexpression of the βIII-tubulin isotype is one mechanism that can render tumor cells resistant to taxanes. (aacrjournals.org)
- Preclinical data indicate that ixabepilone may overcome taxane resistance by preferentially inhibiting the βIII-tubulin isotype ( 13 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- The alpha- and beta-tubulins share 40% amino-acidsequence identity, both exist in several isotype forms, and both undergo avariety of posttranslational modifications. (embl.de)
- Each of these classes defines a β-tubulin isotype that differs significantly from other isotypes within the same organism but differs very little from the same isotype in other vertebrate species. (aacrjournals.org)
- Class I and II are the most abundant β-tubulin isotypes and are constitutively expressed, whereas class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) has been reported previously to as an isotype specific for neuronal tissues and testis ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Cytoskeleton13
- accumulation of tubulin and microtubular cytoskeleton are induced during seed imbibition and that cell division may occur as a post-germination phenomenon with radicle protrusion occurring by cell elongation, or as a pre-germination phenomena (DE CASTRO et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
- MT is the cytoskeleton formed by the polymerization of tubulin, and cytoskeletal systems consisting of MTs are very dynamic and play many important roles in living cells, such as the morphogenesis of nerve cells and formation of the spindle apparatus during mitosis. (nii.ac.jp)
- Tubulin is a major cytoskeleton component that has three distinct forms, designated α, β and γ Tubulin. (scbt.com)
- The microtubule cytoskeleton, which consists of dynamic polymers of alpha/beta tubulin heterodimers, organizes the cytoplasm and is essential for chromosome segregation during mitosis. (diva-portal.org)
- An amino acid ligase, the first of a newly described family of enzymes, adds polyglutamyl groups to tubulin to help regulate the cytoskeleton. (sciencemag.org)
- Prior work has shown that the tubulin/microtubule system, which is an integral component of the cytoskeleton, is a therapeutic target for prostate cancer treatment ( 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Tubulin represents one of the major cytoskeleton structures. (tebu-bio.com)
- Cytoskeleton Inc. has developed and commercialized a set of tubulin polymerisation assays which are adapted to different experimental set ups and questions. (tebu-bio.com)
- Cytoskeleton Inc. (available in Europe through tebu-bio), also offers other tubulins, such as fungal tubulins, plant tubulins , or bacterial tubulin analogs which can also be used in tubulin polymerisation assays. (tebu-bio.com)
- The translocation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), its associated signaling complex, and the secretory apparatus is the most characteristic early event that involves the tubulin cytoskeleton of T or NK cells after their interaction with APC or target cells. (jimmunol.org)
- Moreover, T cells from Fyn-deficient mice are unable to rearrange their tubulin cytoskeleton in response to anti-CD3-coated beads. (jimmunol.org)
- These results reveal Fyn to be a key regulator of tubulin cytoskeleton reorganization in T cells. (jimmunol.org)
- In addition, the GA/MTOC complex nucleates a growing body of signaling molecules that may be involved in T cell activation and the rearrangement of tubulin cytoskeleton ( 4 , 5 , 6 ). (jimmunol.org)
Gene10
- In fact, the analysis of the b- tubulin gene variation seems to confirm that the T. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The gene codes for a member of the α-tubulin family containing 448 amino acids. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Missense mutation in the tubulin-specific chaperone E (Tbce) gene in the mouse mutant progressive motor neuronopathy, a model of human motoneuron disease. (sdbonline.org)
- Hall, Cowan: Structural features and restricted expression of a human alpha-tubulin gene. (antibodies-online.com)
- DNA sequences of a β-tubulin gene ( β 2 tub ) (GenBank access number FG06611.1) in G. zeae were analyzed. (apsnet.org)
- Vertebrate α- and β-tubulins are each encoded by a 9- to 8-member multigene family, respectively, that produces highly homologous and conserved gene products in which the sequences are highly divergent only in their last 10 to 15 amino acids ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- These carboxyl-terminal sequences have been used to assign β-tubulin gene products to at least seven distinct classes ( 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- The unlinked mutation was shown to be a conditional-lethal allele of the major alpha-tubulin-encoding gene (TUB1) and represents the first such mutation in that gene. (genetics.org)
- While spatiotemporal regulation of tubulin gene expression has been reported in plants, whether and to what extent tubulin PTMs occur in these species remain poorly understood. (osti.gov)
- To resolve how microtubule acetylation might affect neuronal morphogenesis, we mutated endogenous α-tubulin in vivo using a new Drosophila strain that facilitates the rapid knock-in of designer αTub84B alleles (the predominant α-tubulin-encoding gene in flies). (biologists.org)
FtsZ5
- FtsZ and tubulin are GTPases. (nih.gov)
- FtsZ and tubulin are GTPases, this entry is the GTPase domain. (wikipedia.org)
- Sequence alignments convincingly demonstrate that FtsZ is a prokaryotic homologue of eukaryotic tubulins. (nih.gov)
- FtsZ is a GTPase with weak sequence homology to tubulins.The nature of FtsZ polymers in vivo is unknown, but FtsZ can form tubules,sheets and minirings in vitro. (embl.de)
- The three-dimensional structure of FtsZ issimilar to the structure of alpha- and beta-tubulin. (embl.de)
Immunogen1
- The immunogen is located within amino acids 140 - 190 of Alpha-tubulin. (prosci-inc.com)
Heterodimer3
- The alphabeta tubulin heterodimer is the structural subunit ofmicrotubules, which are cytoskeletal elements that are essential forintracellular transport and cell division in all eukaryotes. (embl.de)
- Rbl2p can also bind beta-tubulin from the alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimer, apparently by competing with alpha-tubulin. (caltech.edu)
- The Rbl2p-beta-tubulin complex has a half-life of ~2.5 h and is less stable than the alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimer. (caltech.edu)
HeLa12
- Fluorescence emission intensity from a culture of human cervical carcinoma epithelial ( HeLa line) cells that were transfected with a pEYFP-Tubulin plasmid subcellular localization vector. (microscopyu.com)
- Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa, NIH/3T3, KNRK cells and rat brain using β-Tubulin (D3U1W) Mouse mAb. (cellsignal.com)
- Simple Western: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for alpha Tubulin in 1.0 mg/ml of HeLa lysate. (novusbio.com)
- Immunomicroscopy: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Analysis of HeLa cells, green staining is alpha tubulin whereas red is DNA stained with propidium iodide. (novusbio.com)
- Western Blot: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Analysis of HeLa and COS-7 lysates. (novusbio.com)
- Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - HeLa cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X TBS + 0.5% Triton-X100. (novusbio.com)
- Currently, HeLa and MCF-7 cell line tubulins can be used in the fluorescence polymerization assay ( 027H001 and 027H005 , respectively). (tebu-bio.com)
- Confocal immunofluorescence analysis (Olympus FV10i) of paraformaldehyde-fixed HeLa, using beta Tubulin(GTX101279) antibody (Green) at 1:500 dilution. (genetex.com)
- Immunofluorescence analysis of methanol-fixed HeLa, using beta Tubulin(GTX112659) antibody at 1:500 dilution. (genetex.com)
- Top: HeLa cells stained with alpha Tubulin mAb at 1:500 dilution (red). (activemotif.com)
- HeLa whole-cell extract (15 µg/lane) probed with alpha Tubulin mAb (1:5,000 dilution). (activemotif.com)
- Active Motif's HeLa whole-cell extract (Catalog No. 40050) can be used as a positive control for alpha Tubulin antibody (Clone 5-B-1-2). (activemotif.com)
Dimer5
- After the dimer is incorporated into the microtubule, the molecule of GTP bound to the β-tubulin subunit eventually hydrolyzes into GDP through inter-dimer contacts along the microtubule protofilament. (wikipedia.org)
- Whether the β-tubulin member of the tubulin dimer is bound to GTP or GDP influences the stability of the dimer in the microtubule. (wikipedia.org)
- 5 In addition, colchicine binding to beta- tubulin results in curved tubulin dimer and prevents it from adopting a straight structure. (thefreedictionary.com)
- it is a dimer composed of two globular polypeptides, α-tubulin and β-tubulin. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Khan and Luduena have also proposed that modification of certain cysteine residues of tubulin might regulate the dimer/microtubule equilibrium and that the thioredoxin system might, in turn, regulate this equilibrium ( 15 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Subunit8
- The β-tubulin subunit is exposed on the plus end of the microtubule while the α-tubulin subunit is exposed on the minus end. (wikipedia.org)
- The GTP molecule bound to the α-tubulin subunit is not hydrolyzed during the whole process. (wikipedia.org)
- Gozes I, Littauer U: The alpha subunit of tubulin preferentially associated with brain presynaptic membrane. (springer.com)
- α/β-tubulin heterodimers form the tubulin subunit common to all eukaryotic cells. (licor.com)
- α-subunit of tubulin has molecular weight of 50,000. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- These studies also established Op18 and MAP4 as the predominant regulators of tubulin subunit partitioning in all three human cell model systems studied. (diva-portal.org)
- Catalytic subunit of the neuronal tubulin polyglutamylase complex. (antikoerper-online.de)
- Recognizes the alpha subunit of tubulin, specifically binding tyrosylated Tubulin (Tyr-Tubulin). (prosci-inc.com)
Highly conserved3
- There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes and they are highly conserved among and between species. (wikipedia.org)
- Gamma-tubulins constitute a ubiquitous and highly-conserved subfamily of the tubulin family. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Tubulin superfamily, highly conserved between yeast and mammals. (biolegend.com)
Tyrosine1
- Tyrosine ligase adds a C-terminal tyrosine to monomeric alpha-tubulin. (prosci-inc.com)
Mitosis4
- Fourest-Lieuvin A, Peris L, Gache V, Garcia-Saez I, Juillan-Binard C, Lantez V, Job D: Microtubule regulation in mitosis: tubulin phosphorylation by the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. (drugbank.ca)
- Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Analysis of embryonic fibroblasts in the anaphase portion of mitosis. (novusbio.com)
- Nocodazole is a potent Tubulin production inhibitor, anti-neoplastic agent, and inhibitor of mitosis. (scbt.com)
- Delta and epsilon tubulin have been found to localize at centrioles and may play a role in forming the mitotic spindle during mitosis. (academickids.com)
Acetylation6
- The carboxyl-terminal regions of both α and β-tubulin undergo numerous posttranslational modifications capable to modulate the function of the microtubule, such as glutamylation, glycosylation, tyrosination, acetylation, and acylation ( 9 , 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Our studies point to an unappreciated role for α-tubulin K40 and acetylation in dendrite morphogenesis. (biologists.org)
- While our results are consistent with the idea that acetylation tunes microtubule function within neurons, they also suggest there may be an acetylation-independent requirement for α-tubulin K40. (biologists.org)
- Molecular basis for age-dependent microtubule acetylation by tubulin acetyltransferase. (ad-astra.ro)
- By mimicking α-tubulin acetylation genetically, we show both cellular rigidity and mechanosensitivity can be restored in Atat1 deficient sensory neurons. (elifesciences.org)
- Hence, our results indicate that by influencing cellular stiffness, α-tubulin acetylation sets the force required for touch. (elifesciences.org)
Inhibitors6
- We describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors that contain the 1,2,4-triazole ring to retain the bioactive configuration afforded by the cis double bond in combretastatin A-4 (CA-4). (nih.gov)
- Computer docking and molecular simulations of 7 inside the colchicine binding site of tubulin enabled identification of residues most likely to interact strongly with these inhibitors and explain their potent anti-tubulin activity and cytotoxicity. (nih.gov)
- Since tubulin inhibitors are one of the most successful cytotoxic drugs in the ADC armamentarium, this review focuses on the progress in tubulin inhibitor-based ADCs, as well as lessons learned from the unsuccessful ADCs containing tubulin inhibitors. (mdpi.com)
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology now offers a broad range of Tubulin Inhibitors. (scbt.com)
- Fu D-J, Liu J-F, Zhao R-H, Li J-H, Zhang S-Y, Zhang Y-B. Design and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Novel Sulfanilamide Derivatives as Potential Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. (mdpi.com)
- thus, tubulin inhibitors were tested to identify compounds that interfere with gamma-tubulin. (lu.se)
Members of the tubulin family1
- 1 Out of the seven different tubulins four new members of the tubulin family were identified recently, which consist of δ, χ, η, and ε-tubulin. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Species3
- In eukaryotes there are six members of the tubulin superfamily, although not all are present in all species (see below). (wikipedia.org)
- Our Tubulin alpha-1B Lysates can be used in a variety of model species. (novusbio.com)
- The 10D8 antibody recognizes α-tubulin in all species and is useful for Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. (biolegend.com)
Cytoskeletal2
- Thus, as previously we reported in one of our patients with Naxos disease, the enhanced automaticity of ectopic foci and/or reentry circuit around the scar tissue was abolished by cytoskeletal disruption mechanism, induced by tubulin destabilization with low-dose colchicines. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Immunohistochemistry: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Analysis of small intestine tissue fixed with formalin and paraffin embedded showing cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal staining of glandular cells. (novusbio.com)
Isotypes3
- Beltramo DM, Alonso A del C, Barra HS: Tyrosinated, detyrosinated and acetylated tubulin isotypes in rat brain membranes. (springer.com)
- 7 ) discovered that paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells overexpress class I, III, and IVa β-tubulin isotypes. (aacrjournals.org)
- Label-free quantification of tubulin isotypes and RNA-Seq estimation of tubulin transcript abundance were largely consistent with transcriptional regulation. (osti.gov)
Heterodimers3
- These dimers spontaneously self-assemble longitudinally to form protofilaments, and 13 protofilaments constitute a microtubule, resulting in a helical arrangement of tubulin heterodimers. (nature.com)
- α and β Tubulins form heterodimers, which multimerize to form a microtubule filament. (scbt.com)
- When tubulin polymerizes it initially forms proto-filaments, MTs consist of 13 protofilaments and are 25nm in diameter, each um of MT length is composed of 1650 heterodimers. (tebu-bio.com)
Polymerization15
- While the cytotoxins used in the majority of advanced programs in the field prevent tubulin polymerization during cell division, Synthon's differentiating linker-drug technology - applying valine-citrulline-seco-DUocarmycin- hydroxyBenzamide-Azaindole (vc-seco-DUBA) - is based on synthetic duocarmycin analogs, which bind to the minor groove of DNA and subsequently cause irreversible alkylation of DNA. (thefreedictionary.com)
- KX2-391, also known as KX-01, is a novel dual Src kinase and tubulin polymerization inhibitor that Athenex is developing into a topical formulation for the treatment of actinic keratosis. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Of particular interest are the effects of post-translational modifications on binding, bending, and polymerization, and as well as the corresponding changes in tubulin structure and dynamics as probed by NMR. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Several of the subject compounds exhibited potent tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity as well as cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cells including multi-drug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. (nih.gov)
- Sensitization of taxol-induced apoptosis by curcumin involves down-regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and the serine/threonine kinase Akt and is independent of tubulin polymerization. (thefreedictionary.com)
- By visualizing the polymerization of injected fluorescent tubulin, we show that substantial microtubule polymerization occurs in neurons grown at reported vinblastine concentrations. (rupress.org)
- On Mac expansion, MTs associated with numerous dots of γ-tubulin are reorganized into longitudinally arranged bundles, suggesting that the mutual sliding of each filament and polymerization of MTs may induce Mac expansion. (biomedsearch.com)
- At ambient pressure (0.1 MPa), many liposomes formed protrusions due to tubulin polymerization within them. (nii.ac.jp)
- Furthermore, the tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity in vitro of compound 11f was 2.41 μM. (mdpi.com)
- Tubulin can polymerize from both ends in vitro , however, the rate of polymerization is not equal. (tebu-bio.com)
- There are two types of tubulin polymerization assay, these are the absorbance and fluorescence formats. (tebu-bio.com)
- The optical density based tubulin polymerization assay ( 027BK004P ) is highly referenced in scientific literature. (tebu-bio.com)
- The standard assay uses neuronal tubulin ( 027T240 ) which generates a polymerization curve representing the three phases of microtubule formation, namely nucleation (Phase I in Figure 4), growth (Phase II in Figure 4) and steady state equilibrium (Phase III in Figure 4). (tebu-bio.com)
- Tubulin polymerization is regulated by temperature. (cytoskeleton.com)
- Tubulin should be kept on ice until transferred to the 96 well plate for polymerization at 37°C. The plate reader should be brought to 37°C before beginning assay and the plate and buffers should be pre-warmed to 37°C. (cytoskeleton.com)
Western Blot7
- We offer Tubulin alpha-1B Lysates for use in common research applications: Western Blot. (novusbio.com)
- B) Western blot analysis of denatured/reduced cell lysates from adult rat brain cortical cells (lane 1) or mouse E13.5 neural progenitor cells cultured with NeuroCult™ Proliferation Kit (Mouse) (negative control, lane 2) with Anti-Beta-Tubulin III Antibody, Clone AA10. (stemcell.com)
- Western Blot: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Analsis of alpha tubulin in 9 cell lysates. (novusbio.com)
- Western blot analysis of Tubulin in mouse brain tissue lysate with Tubulin antibody at (A) 0.5 and (B) 1 μg/mL. (prosci-inc.com)
- Tubulin antibody can be used for detection of Tubulin by Western blot at 0.5 and 1 μg/mL. (prosci-inc.com)
- Comparison of THE TM alpha Tubulin Antibody, mAb, Mouse (GenScript, A01410) with Mouse Anti-alpha Tubulin mAb (Competitor A) by Western blot. (genscript.com)
- Western blot of alpha Tubulin mAb. (activemotif.com)
Superfamily3
- The genes encoding these microtubule constituents are part of the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. (wikipedia.org)
- Alpha-tubulin Antibody: Alpha-tubulin belongs to the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. (prosci-inc.com)
- γ-tubulin is a 51 kD member of the tubulin superfamily and is conserved between yeast and mammals. (biolegend.com)
Eukaryotic cells1
- CMV promoter provides strong, constitutive expression of the TagYFP-tubulin fusion in eukaryotic cells. (evrogen.com)
Vitro2
- Mechanistic study, in silico and in vitro, demonstrated that CDA prevents GTP binding to gamma-tubulin and suggested that the FDA approved drug dimethyl fumarate is also a gamma-tubulin inhibitor. (lu.se)
- Both in vivo and in vitro, Rbl2p forms a complex with beta-tubulin that does not contain alpha-tubulin, thus defining a second pool of beta-tubulin in the cell. (caltech.edu)
Reactivity2
- Lysoganglioside G M1 inhibited binding of chorea mAbs to tubulin and mAb reactivity with human caudate and putamen brain sections was blocked by anti-tubulin mAb. (jimmunol.org)
- Reactivity with other β-Tubulin had not been tested yet. (genscript.com)
Neuronal tubulin2
- It has been shown that anti-cancer drugs have different affinities for these tubulins compared to porcine brain (neuronal) tubulin. (tebu-bio.com)
- This indicates that a drug development program aimed at increasing the affinity for cancer cell line tubulin over neuronal tubulin may lead to greater targeting efficiency toward cancer cells. (tebu-bio.com)
Amino2
- The antibody recognizes an epitope located on the α3 isoform of Chlamydomonas axonemal α-tubulin, within four residues of Lys-40 when this amino acid is acetylated. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Rabbit polyclonal Tubulin antibody was raised against a 16 amino acid peptide near the amino terminus of human Tubulin. (prosci-inc.com)
ELISA1
- Chorea mAb specificity for purified brain tubulin was confirmed in ELISA and Western immunoblot, and significant levels of anti-tubulin IgG were found in acute chorea sera and cerebrospinal fluid. (jimmunol.org)
Immunofluorescence4
- Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Staining of skin fibroblasts. (novusbio.com)
- Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - IF Confocal analysis of C6 cells using alpha Tubulin antibody (NB100-690, 1:50). (novusbio.com)
- alpha Tubulin mAb (Clone 5-B-1-2) tested by immunofluorescence. (activemotif.com)
- Immunofluorescence stain of alpha Tubulin mAb. (activemotif.com)
Clone1
- A) E18 cortical rat neurons were cultured using the NeuroCult™ SM1 Neuronal Culture Kit on poly-lysine-coated glass coverslips, then fixed and labeled with Anti-Beta-Tubulin III Antibody, Clone AA10, followed by donkey anti-mouse IgG, Alexa Fluor® 488, and counter-stained with DAPI. (stemcell.com)
Filaments1
- Alpha-tubulin filaments were labeled with GTX11304 (Red) at 1:2000. (genetex.com)
Antibody at 1:500 dilution1
- Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded AGS xenograft, using beta Tubulin(GTX101279) antibody at 1:500 dilution. (genetex.com)
Binds5
- While mebendazole still retains some binding affinity to human and Drosophilia β-tubulin, albendazole almost exclusively binds to the β-tubulin of worms and other lower eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
- The anti- gout agent colchicine binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation, arresting neutrophil motility and decreasing inflammation . (academickids.com)
- One mole of tubulin binds to two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (genscript.com)
- TOG1 binds αβ-tubulin in a way that excludes equivalent binding of a second TOG domain. (sciencemag.org)
- Newly synthesized beta-tubulin can bind to Rbl2p before it binds to alpha-tubulin. (caltech.edu)
Molecular3
- Alpha tubulin molecular weight: 50 kDa. (novusbio.com)
- View detailed Tubulin Inhibitor specifications, including Tubulin Inhibitor CAS number, molecular weight, molecular formula and chemical structure, by clicking on the product name. (scbt.com)
- Alpha tubulin has an approximate molecular weight of 50-55 kD. (biolegend.com)
Genes3
- Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
- 2002). The Arabidopsis PILZ group genes encode tubulin-folding cofactor orthologs required for cell division but not cell growth. (sdbonline.org)
- Unlinked noncomplementation: isolation of new conditional-lethal mutations in each of the tubulin genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (genetics.org)
Phosphorylation1
- γ-tubulin is expressed at highest levels during prophase to metaphase and can be modified by phosphorylation. (biolegend.com)
Human7
- Human α-tubulin subtypes include:[citation needed] TUBA1A TUBA1B TUBA1C TUBA3C TUBA3D TUBA3E TUBA4A TUBA8 All drugs that are known to bind to human tubulin bind to β-tubulin. (wikipedia.org)
- Synthetic peptide (Human) conjugated to KLH, corresponding to C terminal residues of Human alpha tubulin. (abcam.com)
- Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma using β-Tubulin (D3U1W) Mouse mAb. (cellsignal.com)
- Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human large cell carcinoma of the lung using β-Tubulin (D3U1W) Mouse mAb. (cellsignal.com)
- Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human non-small cell lung carcinoma using β-Tubulin (D3U1W) Mouse mAb. (cellsignal.com)
- α-tubulin, also called as tubulin α 4a (TUBA4A), is mapped to human chromosome 2q35. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) has been discovered as a marker of drug resistance in human cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Colchicine site2
- In addition, several anti-worm drugs preferentially target the colchicine site of β-Tubulin in worm rather than in higher eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
- It possesses cytotoxic anti- tubulin activity by binding to the colchicine site of tubulin causing microtubule depolymerization. (thefreedictionary.com)
Microtubule formation2
- Beta-tubulin III contributes to microtubule formation in neuronal cell bodies and axons, a function involving GTP binding, and plays roles in axonal transport, neuronal cell proliferation, and differentiation. (stemcell.com)
- The phosphrylation of Tubulin gamma at Tyr445 plays a regulatory role in microtubule formation. (fishersci.com)
Endogenous1
- Treatments of injected cells with Nocodazole or Taxol showed that DTAF-tubulin closely mimicked the behavior of endogenous tubulin. (rupress.org)
Vivo2
- γ-Tubulin Overexpression in Sertoli Cells In Vivo. (bioone.org)
- Shawna L. Fleming , Peter R. Shank , and Kim Boekelheide "γ-Tubulin Overexpression in Sertoli Cells In Vivo. (bioone.org)
Mitotic3
- Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the mitotic spindle. (abcam.com)
- Studies using fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching confirmed this apparent difference in tubulin dynamics between mitotic and interphase cells. (rupress.org)
- Tubulin-binding agents are derived from natural sources and include a large number of compounds with diverse chemical structures, all sharing an ability to disrupt microtubule dynamics, induce mitotic arrest, and promote apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Residues1
- Modifies alpha- and beta-tubulin, generating side chains of glutamate on the gamma-carboxyl groups of specific glutamate residues within the C-terminal tail of alpha- and beta-tubulin (By similarity). (antikoerper-online.de)
DM1A3
- Immunohistochemistry: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Analysis of formalin fixed colon sections. (novusbio.com)
- Flow Cytometry: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - Intracellular flow cytometric staining of 1 x 10^6 CHO (A) and HEK-293 (B) cells using alpha Tubulin antibody (dark blue). (novusbio.com)
- Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) [NB100-690] - IHC analysis of a formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue section of mouse prostate using alpha Tubulin Antibody (DM1A) at 1:200 dilution. (novusbio.com)
Polymerize1
- In the absence of glycerol, tubulin will not polymerize at a concentration below 5 mg/ml except in the presence of an enhancing agent like paclitaxel. (cytoskeleton.com)
Posttranslational2
- Posttranslational tyrosination/detyrosination of tubulin. (prosci-inc.com)
- Posttranslational modifications of tubulin are emerging regulators of microtubule functions. (embopress.org)