AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
TryptophanTryptophan OxygenaseTryptophan SynthaseTryptophan HydroxylaseKynurenineBromosuccinimideSpectrometry, FluorescenceIndoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-DioxygenaseAnthranilate Synthaseortho-AminobenzoatesAcrylamideXanthurenatesAmino AcidsSerotoninProtein ConformationHydroxyindoleacetic AcidTryptophanase3-Hydroxyanthranilic AcidCircular DichroismAmino Acid SequenceKineticsPhenylalanineEscherichia coliMolecular Sequence DataBinding SitesAnthranilate PhosphoribosyltransferaseSpectrophotometry, UltravioletModels, MolecularFluorescenceTryptophan-tRNA LigaseIndolesProtein BindingKynurenine 3-MonooxygenaseMutationMutagenesis, Site-DirectedFluorescence PolarizationQuinolinic AcidIndole-3-Glycerol-Phosphate SynthaseNiacin5-HydroxytryptophanIndolequinonesAcrylamidesQuinolinic AcidsOperonProtein DenaturationRNA, Transfer, TrpEnergy TransferSkatoleTyrosineProtein Structure, SecondaryPellagraHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBase SequenceRecombinant ProteinsTransaminasesGlycerophosphatesEnzyme RepressionKynurenic AcidBacterial ProteinsAmino Acid Transport SystemsStructure-Activity RelationshipProtein Structure, TertiaryProtein FoldingSpectrophotometryOxidation-ReductionHistidineLiverGuanidineMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyApoproteinsAnilino Naphthalenesulfonates
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.Tryptophan Oxygenase: A dioxygenase with specificity for the oxidation of the indoleamine ring of TRYPTOPHAN. It is a LIVER-specific enzyme that is the first and rate limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of TRYPTOPHAN catabolism.Tryptophan Synthase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-serine and 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate to L-tryptophan and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It is a pyridoxal phosphate protein that also catalyzes the conversion of serine and indole into tryptophan and water and of indoleglycerol phosphate into indole and glyceraldehyde phosphate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.2.1.20.Tryptophan Hydroxylase: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of TRYPTOPHAN to 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN in the presence of NADPH and molecular oxygen. It is important in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN.KynurenineBromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).Spectrometry, Fluorescence: Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase: A dioxygenase with specificity for the oxidation of the indoleamine ring of TRYPTOPHAN. It is an extrahepatic enzyme that plays a role in metabolism as the first and rate limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of TRYPTOPHAN catabolism.Anthranilate Synthase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of anthranilate (o-aminobenzoate) and pyruvic acid from chorismate and glutamine. Anthranilate is the biosynthetic precursor of tryptophan and numerous secondary metabolites, including inducible plant defense compounds. EC 4.1.3.27.ortho-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 2 or 6 of the benzene ring structure.Acrylamide: A colorless, odorless, highly water soluble vinyl monomer formed from the hydration of acrylonitrile. It is primarily used in research laboratories for electrophoresis, chromatography, and electron microscopy and in the sewage and wastewater treatment industries.XanthurenatesAmino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.Serotonin: A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.Protein Conformation: The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).Hydroxyindoleacetic AcidTryptophanase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-tryptophan and water to indole, pyruvate, and ammonia. It is a pyridoxal-phosphate protein, requiring K+. It also catalyzes 2,3-elimination and beta-replacement reactions of some indole-substituted tryptophan analogs of L-cysteine, L-serine, and other 3-substituted amino acids. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.1.99.1.3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.Circular Dichroism: A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Anthranilate Phosphoribosyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of N-5'-phosphoribosylanthranilic acid from anthranilate and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, the first step in tryptophan synthesis in E. coli. It exists in a complex with ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE in bacteria. EC 2.4.2.18.Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet: Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Models, Molecular: Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.Fluorescence: The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase: An enzyme that activates tryptophan with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.2.Indoles: Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase: An NADPH-dependent flavin monooxygenase that plays a key role in the catabolism of TRYPTOPHAN by catalyzing the HYDROXYLATION of KYNURENINE to 3-hydroxykynurenine. It was formerly characterized as EC 1.14.1.2 and EC 1.99.1.5.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Mutagenesis, Site-Directed: Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.Fluorescence Polarization: Measurement of the polarization of fluorescent light from solutions or microscopic specimens. It is used to provide information concerning molecular size, shape, and conformation, molecular anisotropy, electronic energy transfer, molecular interaction, including dye and coenzyme binding, and the antigen-antibody reaction.Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.Indole-3-Glycerol-Phosphate Synthase: An enzyme in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. EC 4.1.1.48.Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.Indolequinones: INDOLES which have two keto groups forming QUINONES like structures of the indole aromatic ring.Acrylamides: Colorless, odorless crystals that are used extensively in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis and in organic synthesis, and polymerization. Some of its polymers are used in sewage and wastewater treatment, permanent press fabrics, and as soil conditioning agents.Quinolinic AcidsOperon: In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.Protein Denaturation: Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.RNA, Transfer, Trp: A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying tryptophan to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.Energy Transfer: The transfer of energy of a given form among different scales of motion. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed). It includes the transfer of kinetic energy and the transfer of chemical energy. The transfer of chemical energy from one molecule to another depends on proximity of molecules so it is often used as in techniques to measure distance such as the use of FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER.SkatoleTyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.Protein Structure, Secondary: The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.Pellagra: A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Transaminases: A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1.Glycerophosphates: Any salt or ester of glycerophosphoric acid.Enzyme Repression: The interference in synthesis of an enzyme due to the elevated level of an effector substance, usually a metabolite, whose presence would cause depression of the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Amino Acid Transport Systems: Cellular proteins and protein complexes that transport amino acids across biological membranes.Structure-Activity Relationship: The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.Protein Structure, Tertiary: The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.Protein Folding: Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.Spectrophotometry: The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).Apoproteins: The protein components of a number of complexes, such as enzymes (APOENZYMES), ferritin (APOFERRITINS), or lipoproteins (APOLIPOPROTEINS).Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates: A class of organic compounds which contain an anilino (phenylamino) group linked to a salt or ester of naphthalenesulfonic acid. They are frequently used as fluorescent dyes and sulfhydryl reagents.

Enrichment of enzyme activity on deformylation of 1-NFK-lysozyme. (1/5574)

The formamide linkage of an inactive lysozyme derivative (1-NFK-lysozyme), formed by selective ozonization of tryptophan 62 in hen egg-white lysozyme [EC 3.2.1.17] was hydrolyzed with dilute acid faster in the frozen state at about --10 degrees than at 20 degrees. On hydrolysis of 1-NFK-lysozyme the low lytic activity increased to approximately 80% of that of native lysozyme. It is suggested that the binding ability associated with kynurenine 62 in the lysozyme derivative formed by this hydrolysis may be responsible for increase in enzymatic activity.  (+info)

Folding of apocytochrome c induced by the interaction with negatively charged lipid micelles proceeds via a collapsed intermediate state. (2/5574)

Unfolded apocytochrome c acquires an alpha-helical conformation upon interaction with lipid. Folding kinetic results below and above the lipid's CMC, together with energy transfer measurements of lipid bound states, and salt-induced compact states in solution, show that the folding transition of apocytochrome c from the unfolded state in solution to a lipid-inserted helical conformation proceeds via a collapsed intermediate state (I(C)). This initial compact state is driven by a hydrophobic collapse of the polypeptide chain in the absence of the heme group and may represent a heme-free analogue of an early compact intermediate detected on the folding pathway of cytochrome c in solution. Insertion into the lipid phase occurs via an unfolding step of I(C) through a more extended state associated with the membrane surface (I(S)). While I(C) appears to be as compact as salt-induced compact states in solution with substantial alpha-helix content, the final lipid-inserted state (Hmic) is as compact as the unfolded state in solution at pH 5 and has an alpha-helix content which resembles that of native cytochrome c.  (+info)

Pathways of electron transfer in Escherichia coli DNA photolyase: Trp306 to FADH. (3/5574)

We describe the results of a series of theoretical calculations of electron transfer pathways between Trp306 and *FADH. in the Escherichia coli DNA photolyase molecule, using the method of interatomic tunneling currents. It is found that there are two conformationally orthogonal tryptophans, Trp359 and Trp382, between donor and acceptor that play a crucial role in the pathways of the electron transfer process. The pathways depend vitally on the aromaticity of tryptophans and the flavin molecule. The results of this calculation suggest that the major pathway of the electron transfer is due to a set of overlapping orthogonal pi-rings, which starts from the donor Trp306, runs through Trp359 and Trp382, and finally reaches the flavin group of the acceptor complex, FADH.  (+info)

Localization and environment of tryptophans in soluble and membrane-bound states of a pore-forming toxin from Staphylococcus aureus. (4/5574)

The location and environment of tryptophans in the soluble and membrane-bound forms of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin were monitored using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. Fluorescence quenching of the toxin monomer in solution indicated varying degrees of tryptophan burial within the protein interior. N-Bromosuccinimide readily abolished 80% of the fluorescence in solution. The residual fluorescence of the modified toxin showed a blue-shifted emission maximum, a longer fluorescence lifetime as compared to the unmodified and membrane-bound alpha-toxin, and a 5- to 6-nm red edge excitation shift, all indicating a restricted tryptophan environment and deeply buried tryptophans. In the membrane-bound form, the fluorescence of alpha-toxin was quenched by iodide, indicating a conformational change leading to exposure of some tryptophans. A shorter average lifetime of tryptophans in the membrane-bound alpha-toxin as compared to the native toxin supported the conclusions based on iodide quenching of the membrane-bound toxin. Fluorescence quenching of membrane-bound alpha-toxin using brominated and spin-labeled fatty acids showed no quenching of fluorescence using brominated lipids. However, significant quenching was observed using 5- and 12-doxyl stearic acids. An average depth calculation using the parallax method indicated that the doxyl-quenchable tryptophans are located at an average depth of 10 A from the center of the bilayer close to the membrane interface. This was found to be in striking agreement with the recently described structure of the membrane-bound form of alpha-toxin.  (+info)

A novel epitope for the specific detection of exogenous prion proteins in transgenic mice and transfected murine cell lines. (5/5574)

Prion diseases are closely linked to the conversion of host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its pathological isoform (PrPSc). PrP conversion experiments in scrapie infected tissue culture cells, transgenic mice, and cell-free systems usually require unique epitopes and corresponding monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for the immunological discrimination of exogenously introduced and endogenous PrP compounds (e.g., MAb 3F4, which is directed to an epitope on hamster and human but not on murine PrP). In the current work, we characterize a novel MAb designated L42 that reacts to PrP of a variety of species, including cattle, sheep, goat, dog, human, cat, mink, rabbit, and guinea pig, but does not bind to mouse, hamster, and rat PrP. Therefore, MAb L42 may allow future in vitro conversion and transgenic studies on PrPs of the former species. The MAb L42 epitope on PrPC includes a tyrosine residue at position 144, whereas mouse, rat, and hamster PrPs incorporate tryptophane at this site. To verify this observation, we generated PrP expression vectors coding for authentic or mutated murine PrPCs (i.e., codon 144 encoding tyrosine instead of tryptophan). After transfection into neuroblastoma cells, MAb L42 did not react with immunoblotted wild-type murine PrPC, whereas L42 epitope-tagged murine PrPC was strongly recognized. Immunoblot and fluorescence-activated cell sorting data revealed that tagged PrPC was correctly posttranslationally processed and translocated to the cell surface.  (+info)

Helical structure and packing orientation of the S2 segment in the Shaker K+ channel. (6/5574)

Six transmembrane segments, S1-S6, cluster around the central pore-forming region in voltage-gated K+ channels. To investigate the structural characteristics of the S2 segment in the Shaker K+ channel, we replaced each residue in S2 singly with tryptophan (or with alanine for the native tryptophan). All but one of the 23 Trp mutants expressed voltage-dependent K+ currents in Xenopus oocytes. The effects of the mutations were classified as being of low or high impact on channel gating properties. The periodicity evident in the effects of these mutations supports an alpha-helical structure for the S2 segment. The high- and low-impact residues cluster onto opposite faces of a helical wheel projection of the S2 segment. The low-impact face is also tolerant of single mutations to asparagine. All results are consistent with the idea that the low-impact face projects toward membrane lipids and that changes in S2 packing occur upon channel opening. We conclude that the S2 segment is a transmembrane alpha helix and that the high-impact face packs against other transmembrane segments in the functional channel.  (+info)

A single hydrophobic residue confers barbiturate sensitivity to gamma-aminobutyric acid type C receptor. (7/5574)

Barbiturate sensitivity was imparted to the human rho1 homooligomeric gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor channel by mutation of a tryptophan residue at position 328 (Trp328), which is located within the third transmembrane domain. Substitutions of Trp328 with a spectrum of amino acids revealed that nearly all hydrophobic residues produced receptor channels that were both directly activated and modulated by pentobarbital with similar sensitivities. Previous studies with ligand-gated ion channels (including GABA) have demonstrated that even conservative amino acid substitution within the agonist-dependent activation domain (N-terminal extracellular domain) can markedly impair agonist sensitivity. Thus, the lack of significant variation in pentobarbital sensitivity among the Trp328 mutants attests to an intrinsic difference between pentobarbital- and the GABA-dependent activation domain. Compared with the heterooligomeric alphabetagamma receptor channel, the mode of modulation for homooligomeric Trp328 mutants by pentobarbital was more dependent on the GABA concentration, yielding potentiation only at low concentrations of GABA (fractions of their respective EC50 values), yet causing inhibition at higher concentrations. Agonist-related studies have also demonstrated that residue 328 plays an important role in agonist-dependent activation, suggesting a functional interconnection between the GABA and pentobarbital activation domains.  (+info)

Inhibition of myosin ATPase by metal fluoride complexes. (8/5574)

Magnesium (Mg2+) is the physiological divalent cation stabilizing nucleotide or nucleotide analog in the active site of myosin subfragment 1 (S1). In the presence of fluoride, Mg2+ and MgADP form a complex that traps the active site of S1 and inhibits myosin ATPase. The ATPase inactivation rate of the magnesium trapped S1 is comparable but smaller than the other known gamma-phosphate analogs at 1.2 M-1 s-1 with 1 mM MgCl2. The observed molar ratio of Mg/S1 in this complex of 1.58 suggests that magnesium occupies the gamma-phosphate position in the ATP binding site of S1 (S1-MgADP-MgFx). The stability of S1-MgADP-MgFx at 4 degrees C was studied by EDTA chase experiments but decomposition was not observed. However, removal of excess fluoride causes full recovery of the K+-EDTA ATPase activity indicating that free fluoride is necessary for maintaining a stable trap and suggesting that the magnesium fluoride complex is bonded to the bridging oxygen of beta-phosphate more loosely than the other known phosphate analogs. The structure of S1 in S1-MgADP-MgFx was studied with near ultraviolet circular dichroism, total tryptophan fluorescence, and tryptophan residue 510 quenching measurements. These data suggest that S1-MgADP-MgFx resembles the M**.ADP.Pi steady-state intermediate of myosin ATPase. Gallium fluoride was found to compete with MgFx for the gamma-phosphate site in S1-MgADP-MgFx. The ionic radius and coordination geometry of magnesium, gallium and other known gamma-phosphate analogs were compared and identified as important in determining which myosin ATPase intermediate the analog mimics.  (+info)

Relation of plasma tryptophan concentrations during pregnancy to maternal sleep and mental well-being: The GUSTO cohort.Relation of plasma tryptophan concentrations during pregnancy to maternal sleep and mental well-being: The GUSTO cohort.
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests a relation between plasma tryptophan concentrations and sleep and mental well-being. As no studies have been performed in pregnant women, we studied the relation of plasma tryptophan concentrations during pregnancy with sleep quality, and mood during and after pregnancy.METHODS: Pregnant women (n = 572) from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes study completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at 26-28 weeks gestation and three months post-delivery. Plasma tryptophan concentrations were measured at 26-28 weeks gestation. Poisson regressions estimated prevalence ratios (PR) for the association between tryptophan and poor sleep quality (PSQI global score , 5), probable antenatal depression (EPDS ≥ 15) and probable anxiety (STAI-state ≥ 41) were calculated adjusting for covariates.RESULTS: Mean plasma tryptophan concentrations was 48.0µmol/L (SD: ...
Tryptophan concentrations in rat brain. Failure to correlate with free serum tryptophan or its ratio to the sum of other serum...Tryptophan concentrations in rat brain. Failure to correlate with free serum tryptophan or its ratio to the sum of other serum...
Groups of rats were deprived of food overnight and then given free access to diets designed to raise (carbohydrate) or lower (carbohydrate and large neutral amino acids) brain tryptophan concentrations. Similar diets were supplemented with 40% fat and fed to other groups. All animals were killed 2h after food presentation. Sera from animals fed carbohydrate plus fat contained 2.5 times as much free tryptophan concentrations did not differ. Similarly, sera from rats fed on carbohydrate, large neutral amino acids, and 40% fat contained 5 times as much free tryptophan as those from rats given this meal without fat, but brain tryptophan concentrations increased by only 26%. Correlations were made between brain tryptophan and (1) free serum tryptophan, (2) the ratio of free serum tryptophan to the sum of the other large neutral amino acids in serum that compete with it for uptake into the brain, (3) total serum tryptophan or (4) the ratio of total serum tryptophan to the sum of its circulating ...
Peripheral serotonin 1B receptor transcription predicts the effect of acute tryptophan depletion on risky decision-making - PSYPeripheral serotonin 1B receptor transcription predicts the effect of acute tryptophan depletion on risky decision-making - PSY
© The Author 2016. Background: The effects of acute tryptophan depletion on human decision-making suggest that serotonin modulates the processing of rewards and punishments. However, few studies have assessed which of the many types of serotonin receptors are responsible. Methods: Using a within-subject, double-blind, sham-controlled design in 26 subjects, we examined whether individual differences in serotonin system gene transcription, measured in peripheral blood, predicted the effect of acute tryptophan depletion on decision-making. Participants performed a task in which they chose between successive pairs of fixed, lower-stakes (control) and variable, higher-stakes (experimental) gambles, each involving wins or losses. In 21 participants, mRNA from 9 serotonin system genes was measured in whole blood prior to acute tryptophan depletion: 5-HT1B, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT3A, 5-HT3E, 5-HT7 (serotonin receptors), 5-HTT (the serotonin transporter), and tryptophan hydroxylase 1. Results: Acute
The Effect of Varying Levels of Tryptophan on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing and Finishing BroilersThe Effect of Varying Levels of Tryptophan on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing and Finishing Broilers
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of varying levels of tryptophan on the performance and carcass character of broiler. Trial 1: Ninety-six, five-week-old male Hubbard chickens, average weight 1.97 kg, were used in the trial. All birds were allocated into 3 treatments of 32 birds each. Each bird was kept in an individual cage. The trial period was 3 weeks. Treatment 1: Tryptophan content 0.198%. Treatment 2: Tryptophan content 0.228%. Treatment 3: Tryptophan content 0.258%. Trial 2: Ninety-six, three-week-old male Hubbard chickens, average weight 1.23 kg, were randomly distributed into the following two treatments. Each treatment had 48 birds. Treatment 1: Tryptophan content 0.167%. Treatment 2: Tryptophan content 0.198%. Trial 3: Ninety-six, two-week-old Hubbard chickens, average body weight 0.72 kg, were used in this experiment. There were three treatments as follows. Treatment 1. Tryptophan content 0.136%. Treatment 2. Tryptophan content 0.167%. Treatment 3. Tryptophan ...
Phosphodiesterase 2 and 5 inhibition attenuates the object memory deficit induced by acute tryptophan depletion<...Phosphodiesterase 2 and 5 inhibition attenuates the object memory deficit induced by acute tryptophan depletion<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Phosphodiesterase 2 and 5 inhibition attenuates the object memory deficit induced by acute tryptophan depletion. AU - van Donkelaar, E.L.. AU - Rutten, K.. AU - Blokland, A.. AU - Akkerman, S.. AU - Steinbusch, H.P.. AU - Prickaerts, J.H.H.J.. PY - 2008/1/1. Y1 - 2008/1/1. N2 - The underlying mechanism of short-term memory improvement after inhibition of specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is still poorly understood. The present study aimed to reveal the ability of PDE5 and PDE2 inhibitors, that increase cyclic guanosine morrophosphate (cGMP) and both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cGMP, respectively, to reverse an object recognition deficit induced by acute tryptophan depletion. Acute tryptophan depletion is a pharmacological challenge tool to lower central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) levels by depleting the availability of its dietary precursor tryptophan. Short-term object memory was tested in male Wistar rats by exposing them to the object recognition ...
Acute tryptophan depletion moja-de: A method to study central nervous serotonin function in children and adolescents<...Acute tryptophan depletion moja-de: A method to study central nervous serotonin function in children and adolescents<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Acute tryptophan depletion moja-de. T2 - A method to study central nervous serotonin function in children and adolescents. AU - Stewart, Richard M.. AU - Wong, Janice W.Y.. AU - Mahfouda, Simone. AU - Morandini, Hugo A.E.. AU - Rao, Pradeep. AU - Runions, Kevin C.. AU - Zepf, Florian D.. PY - 2020/3. Y1 - 2020/3. N2 - Serotonin (5-HT) is widely implicated as a key neurotransmitter relevant to a range of psychiatric disorders and psychological processes. The role of central nervous 5-HT function underlying these processes can be examined through serotonergic challenge methodologies. Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) is a key challenge method whereby a diminished dietary intake of tryptophan-the amino acid precursor to brain 5-HT synthesis -results in temporary diminished central nervous 5-HT synthesis. While this particular methodology has been used in adult populations, it was only recently that modifications were made to enable the use of ATD in child and adolescent populations. ...
Stability of α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan brain trapping in healthy male volunteers | SpringerLinkStability of α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan brain trapping in healthy male volunteers | SpringerLink
The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility in healthy volunteers of α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan (α[11C]MT) brain trapping imaging with positron emission tomography (PET), using volumes
Acute tryptophan depletion reduces kynurenine levels: Implications for treatment of impaired visuospatial memory performance in...Acute tryptophan depletion reduces kynurenine levels: Implications for treatment of impaired visuospatial memory performance in...
Acute tryptophan depletion reduces kynurenine levels: Implications for treatment of impaired visuospatial memory performance in irritable bowel syndrome Academic Article ...
Predictors of mood response to acute tryptophan depletion: A reanalysis - ORA - Oxford University Research ArchivePredictors of mood response to acute tryptophan depletion: A reanalysis - ORA - Oxford University Research Archive
Booij, L., Van der Does, V., Benkelfat, C., Bremner, J. D., Cowen, P. J., Fava, M., Gillin, C., Leyton, M., Moore, P., Smith, K. A., & Van der Kloot, W. A. (2002). Predictors of mood response to acute tryptophan depletion: A reanalysis. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS, 68(1), 103-103 ...
Acute tryptophan depletion promotes an anterior-to-posterior fMRI activation shift during task switching in older adults. |...Acute tryptophan depletion promotes an anterior-to-posterior fMRI activation shift during task switching in older adults. |...
Lamar M, Craig M, Daly EM, Cutter WJ, Tang C, Brammer M, Rubia K, Murphy DG. Acute tryptophan depletion promotes an anterior-to-posterior fMRI activation shift during task switching in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Feb; 35(2):712-22 ...
The Combined Effects of Tryptophan Starvation and Tryptophan Catabolites Down-Regulate T Cell Receptor ζ-Chain and Induce a...The Combined Effects of Tryptophan Starvation and Tryptophan Catabolites Down-Regulate T Cell Receptor ζ-Chain and Induce a...
FIGURE 1. Culture of splenic T cells or purified CD8+ T cells with IDO+ DCs, or with LT and kynurenines, results in selective CD3ζ down-regulation that is concomitant with tryptophan consumption and kynurenine production and is mediated by GCN2. A, Total T cells and purified CD4+ or CD8+ fractions from DBA/2 mice were cultured for 48 h with soluble anti-CD3 (1 μg/ml) and IDO− DCs (thick line histogram) or IDO+ DCs with (thin line histogram) or without (gray-filled histogram) 1-MT. Cells were labeled for surface CD3, CD4, or CD8 with the respective FITC-labeled reagents, and were then fixed, permeabilized and stained for total ζ-chain expression by means of PE-labeled anti-mouse CD3ζ. Filled histogram indicates isotype controls. Data are from one experiment representative of four. B, Concentrations of tryptophan (TRY) and different kynurenines (mean ± SD of three independent experiments) were measured in 24-h supernatants of total T cells and IDO+ DCs. The initial tryptophan concentration ...
Total and Digestible Tryptophan Contents of Feedstuffs for PoultryTotal and Digestible Tryptophan Contents of Feedstuffs for Poultry
This report reviews the amino acid tryptophan which is an essential amino acid in the diet of Australian poultry. Reliable values of total and digestible tryptophan in feedstuffs are needed because tryptophan is often the third most limiting amino acid in poultry diets. Understanding the inclusion of tryptophan in poultry diets will also facilitate the strategic use of commercially available synthetic, feed-grade tryptophan in the Australian poultry industry.
Solvent-Slaved Dynamic Processes Observed by Tryptophan Phosphorescence of Human Serum Albumin<...Solvent-Slaved Dynamic Processes Observed by Tryptophan Phosphorescence of Human Serum Albumin<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Solvent-Slaved Dynamic Processes Observed by Tryptophan Phosphorescence of Human Serum Albumin. AU - Draganski, Andrew R.. AU - Friedman, Joel M.. AU - Ludescher, Richard D.. PY - 2017/3/14. Y1 - 2017/3/14. N2 - Despite extensive experimental and computational efforts to understand the nature of the hierarchy of protein fluctuations and the modulating role of the protein hydration shell, a detailed microscopic description of the dynamics of the protein-solvent system has yet to be achieved. By using single tryptophan protein phosphorescence, we follow site-specific internal protein dynamics over a broad temperature range and demonstrate three independent dynamic processes. Process I is seen at temperatures below the bulk solvent Tg, has low activation energy, and is likely due to fast vibrations that may be enabled by water mobility on the protein surface. Process II is observed above 170 K, with activation energy typical of β relaxations in a glass; it has the same temperature ...
Tryptophan and Vitamin B - Part I | ZenbevTryptophan and Vitamin B - Part I | Zenbev
Tryptophan is a very industrious amino acid. As an essential amino acid, tryptophan must be eaten in our diet. It does its job by assisting and boosting multiple systems in our body to also do theirs. Tryptophan is the nutritional social worker in our body who helps everyone else but risks getting worn out and depleted in the process.. Once we eat tryptophan in a protein-based food, it can be converted into serotonin during the day and melatonin at night. However, the main route for tryptophan is the production of vitamin B3. In fact, more than 90% of the tryptophan we eat becomes vitamin B3 when we are stressed and have not eaten enough of this important vitamin. If we consume enough vitamin B3, the route from tryptophan to vitamin B3 is interrupted and most of the tryptophan we consume becomes serotonin and melatonin. Therefore, vitamin B3 is known as a "stress" vitamin.. The interesting history of tryptophan and vitamin B3 goes back more than a century, when an illness youve probably never ...
Tryptophan Biosynthesis (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) - WikiPathwaysTryptophan Biosynthesis (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) - WikiPathways
Biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine proceeds via a common pathway to chorismate, at which point the pathway branches (CITS:[Jones][1943992]). One branch proceeds to tryptophan, and the other to tyrosine and phenylalanine (CITS:[Jones]). The series of reactions to chorismate, called the shikimate pathway, and the series of reactions from chorismate to tryptophan have been found to be common to all eukaryotes and prokaryotes studied thus far (as reported in (CITS:[1943992])). In contrast, there appears to be two separate routes from chorismate to tyrosine and phenylalanine, only one of which has been found in S. cerevisiae (CITS:[1943992]). Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae is controlled by a combination of feedback inhibition, activation of enzyme activity, and regulation of enzyme synthesis (CITS:[Jones][1943992]). The first step in the tryptophan branch is feedback inhibited by tryptophan, and the first step in the ...
Tryptophan fluorescence studies on turkey liver fructose 1,6-bisphosph by Carmen Denise Quinsey"Tryptophan fluorescence studies on turkey liver fructose 1,6-bisphosph" by Carmen Denise Quinsey
The native form of turkey liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FbPase) consists of four identical subunits, each of which contains one tryptophan residue. The fluorescence emission spectra of the tryptophan residues have been recorded as a function of changes in pH, substrate (fructose 1,6-bisphosphate) and inhibitor (adenosine-5 monophosphate) binding, and the addition of the metal cofactors Mg+2, Mn+2 and Co+2 . Changes in the fluorescence emission spectra of the tryptophan residues indicate that conformational changes in the enzyme occur under the above conditions.
A Bacterial Toxin Perturbs Intracellular Amino Acid Balance To Induce Persistence | mBioA Bacterial Toxin Perturbs Intracellular Amino Acid Balance To Induce Persistence | mBio
We established that Caulobacter senses the repletion of intracellular tryptophan due to the HipA2 phosphorylation of TrpS which, in turn, inhibits glutamine synthesis by stimulating GlnA adenylylation (Fig. 4). Why does the cell choose tryptophan? A quantification of absolute metabolite concentrations in E. coli revealed that tryptophan was the least abundant amino acid in the cell (41), which might represent a general fact in bacteria. Manipulating the intracellular levels of a less abundant amino acid might be easier to achieve and does not require a higher energy cost. The accumulation of tryptophan due to the disrupted aminoacylation of tRNATrp is likely due to the insensitivity of trp operon repressor protein to increased levels of free tryptophan in Caulobacter (42). It is known that in E. coli tryptophan synthesis is regulated by a trp operon, which is turned on for tryptophan synthesis when tryptophan levels are low and turned off when tryptophan levels are high (43). This feedback ...
Yeast require an Intact Tryptophan Biosynthesis Pathway and Exogenous Tryptophan for Resistance to Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ...Yeast require an Intact Tryptophan Biosynthesis Pathway and Exogenous Tryptophan for Resistance to Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ...
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, or SDS, is an anionic detergent with widespread use in industrial and household cleaning products, scientific laboratories, and personal care products such as toothpaste and shampoo. The potential toxicity of SDS has been well-characterized in whole organism studies and its potential effects on the environment continue to be studied. Herein, we undertake a chemical-genetic screen to explore whether low concentrations of SDS have any discernible effects at the cellular level. Our screen of the homozygous diploid yeast deletion collection identified numerous gene deletions that confer sensitivity to SDS. Subsequent bioinformatic and biological analyses reveal that yeast unable to synthesize tryptophan are especially sensitive to the presence of SDS. Interestingly, even wild-type yeast with an intact tryptophan biosynthetic pathway exhibit growth defects in the presence of SDS on media lacking tryptophan. Altogether, we have shown that low levels of SDS, primarily through ...
6-Methyl-DL-tryptophan 2280-85-5 H-NMR | C-NMR Spectral Analysis NMR Spectrum6-Methyl-DL-tryptophan 2280-85-5 H-NMR | C-NMR Spectral Analysis NMR Spectrum
6-Methyl-DL-tryptophan 2280-85-5 NMR spectrum, 6-Methyl-DL-tryptophan H-NMR spectral analysis, 6-Methyl-DL-tryptophan C-NMR spectral analysis ect.
Tryptophan Fluorescence Quenching Assays for Measuring ...Tryptophan Fluorescence Quenching Assays for Measuring ...
Tryptophan fluorescence quenching is a type of fluorescence spectroscopy used for binding assays. The assay relies on the ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan residues within a protein that results from changes in the local environment polarity experienced by the tryptophan(s) upon the addition of a binding partner or ligand. The quenching can arise from local changes near the interaction site or from binding-induced conformational changes. In cases where the titrant absorbs at or near the excitation or emission wavelengths of tryptophan, significant quenching can occur even without an interaction. This is known as the inner filter effect. This protocol describes how to use tryptophan fluorescence quenching to investigate the binding affinity of a protein for its partner/ligand and how to check and correct for the inner filter effect. As an example, we measured the binding affinity of the haem-binding protein, HusA, from Porphyromonas gingivalis for haem, and showed how we
Time-resolved fluorescence of thioredoxin single-tryptophan mutants: modeling experimental results with minimum perturbation...Time-resolved fluorescence of thioredoxin single-tryptophan mutants: modeling experimental results with minimum perturbation...
The time-resolved fluorescence decay of single tryptophan (Trp) proteins is typically described using either a distribution of lifetimes or a sum of two or more exponential terms. A possible interpretation for this fluorescence decay heterogeneity is the existence of different isomeric conformations of Trp about its (chi) +1) and (chi) +2) dihedral angles. Are multiple Trp conformations compatible with the remainder of the protein in its crystallographic configuration or do they require repacking of neighbor side chains? It is conceivable that isomers of the neighbor side chains interconvert slowly on the fluorescence timescale and contribute additional lifetime components to the fluorescence intensity. We have explored this possibility by performing minimum perturbation mapping simulations of Trp 28 and Trp 31 in thioredoxin (TRX) using CHARMm 22. Mappings of Trp 29 and Trp 31 give the TRX Trp residue energy landscape as a function of (chi) +1) and (chi) +2) dihedral angles. Time-resolved ...
Eating Tryptophan Makes Your Smarter… | ZenbevEating Tryptophan Makes Your Smarter… | Zenbev
Tryptophan Makes You Smarter, Improves Mood and Sleep. Could tryptophan improve your chances of attaining a better mood, stronger cognitive function and better-quality sleep? Research shows tryptophan and its connection to serotonin production could, in fact, have a positive influence on your mental well being.. Tryptophans Positive Impact on the Way Your Brain Works. Studies indicate that there is a link between improved cognitive function and increased levels of tryptophan in the body. Memory, in particular, is a function of the brain that has shown notable improvement with the consumption of tryptophan. This phenomenon appears to be particularly strong in people who have been diagnosed with memory-related diseases like Alzheimers. In fact, low levels of tryptophan have been associated with memory loss of the long and short-term varieties.. Another facet of mental health, emotional wellbeing, is also believed to be improved by increased consumption of tryptophan-heavy foods. Many individuals ...
Apolipoprotein A-I Tryptophan Substitution Leads to Resistance to Myeloperoxidase-Mediated Loss of Function | Arteriosclerosis,...Apolipoprotein A-I Tryptophan Substitution Leads to Resistance to Myeloperoxidase-Mediated Loss of Function | Arteriosclerosis,...
Objective- Apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) acts as an ABCA1-dependent acceptor of cellular phospholipids and cholesterol during the biogenesis of HDL, but this activity is susceptible to oxidative inactivation by myeloperoxidase. We tried to determine which residues mediated this inactivation and create an oxidant-resistant apoAI variant.. Methods and Results- Mass spectrometry detected the presence of tryptophan, methionine, tyrosine, and lysine oxidation in apoAI recovered from human atheroma. We investigated the role of these residues in the myeloperoxidase-mediated loss of apoAI activity. Site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification were used to create variants of apoAI which were tested for ABCA1-dependent cholesterol acceptor activity and oxidative inactivation. We previously reported that tyrosine modification is not required for myeloperoxidase-induced loss of apoAI function. Lysine methylation did not alter the sensitivity of apoAI to myeloperoxidase, whereas site-specific ...
Serotonin and social norms: tryptophan depletion impairs social comparison and leads to resource depletion in a multiplayer...Serotonin and social norms: tryptophan depletion impairs social comparison and leads to resource depletion in a multiplayer...
How do people sustain resources for the benefit of individuals and communities and avoid the tragedy of the commons, in which shared resources become exhausted? In the present study, we examined the role of serotonin activity and social norms in the management of depletable resources. Healthy adults, alongside social partners, completed a multiplayer resource-dilemma game in which they repeatedly harvested from a partially replenishable monetary resource. Dietary tryptophan depletion, leading to reduced serotonin activity, was associated with aggressive harvesting strategies and disrupted use of the social norms given by distributions of other players harvests. Tryptophan-depleted participants more frequently exhausted the resource completely and also accumulated fewer rewards than participants who were not tryptophan depleted. Our findings show that rank-based social comparisons are crucial to the management of depletable resources, and that serotonin mediates responses to social norms.
Tryptophan Amino Acid BenefitsTryptophan Amino Acid Benefits
Tryptophan amino acid is the essential amino acid. This means it must be provided through food to the body. It is one of the amino acids which in its molecule contains an indole ring. Tryptophan is glucogenic as well as ketogenic amino acid. It has codon UGG. It has two stereoisomers, namely L-tryptophan and D-tryptophan.. L-tryptophan can only be utilized in the structure or enzymes proteins while D - tryptophan is normally present in naturally occurring peptides. Tryptophan has aromatic side chain and is relatively polar. The N of the imidazole ring present in tryptophan gives polarity to this amino acid. It is genetically coded also.. ...
Tryptophan - Nootropics ExpertTryptophan - Nootropics Expert
i] Sidransky H. Tryptophan: Biochemical and Health Implications. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL: 2002.. [ii] Johansson J., et. Al "Altered tryptophan and alanine transport in fibroblasts from boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an in vitro study" Behavior and Brain Function. 2011; 7: 40. (source). [iii] Lieberman H.R., Caballero B., Finer N. "The composition of lunch determines afternoon plasma tryptophan ratios in humans." Journal of Neural Transmission. 1986;65(3-4):211-7. (source). [iv] den Boer J.A., Westenberg H.G. "Behavioral, neuroendocrine, and biochemical effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan administration in panic disorder." Psychiatry Research. 1990 Mar;31(3):267-78. (source). [v] Khaliq S., Haider S., Ahmed S.P., Perveen T., Haleem D.J. "Relationship of brain tryptophan and serotonin in improving cognitive performance in rats." Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2006 Jan;19(1):11-5. (source). [vi] Winokur A., Lindberg N.D., Lucki I., Phillips J., Amsterdam J.D. ...
Tryptophan Side Effects: L-Tryptophan Is Far From HarmlessTryptophan Side Effects: L-Tryptophan Is Far From Harmless
Explore the truth about tryptophan side effects. L-tryptophan, contrary to expert advice, has a rather high toxicity profile. Tryptophan supplements can cause cancer, increases free radicals...
Precursor control of neurotransmitter synthesis. | Pharmacological ReviewsPrecursor control of neurotransmitter synthesis. | Pharmacological Reviews
Studies performed during the past decade have shown that the rates at which certain neurons produce and release their neurotransmitters can be affected by precursor availability, and thus by the changes in plasma composition that occur after ingestion of the precursors in purified form or as constituents of foods. Thus, tryptophan administration or a plasma ratio of tryptophan to other large neutral amino acids, thereby raising brain tryptophan levels, increasing the substrate saturation of tryptophan hydroxylase, and accelerating the synthesis and release of serotonin. Tyrosine administration or a high-protein meal similarly elevates brain tyrosine and can accelerate catecholamine synthesis in the CNS and sympathoadrenal cells, while the consumption of lecithin or choline increases brain choline levels and neuronal acetylcholine synthesis. The physiologic and biochemical mechanisms that must exist in order for nutrient consumption to affect neurotransmitte synthesis have been characterized and ...
3-ALKENYL INDOLES AS TRYPTOPHAN 2,3-DIOXYGENASE INHIBITORS FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY</em>...3-ALKENYL INDOLES AS TRYPTOPHAN 2,3-DIOXYGENASE INHIBITORS FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY</em>...
TY - CONF. T1 - 3-ALKENYL INDOLES AS TRYPTOPHAN 2,3-DIOXYGENASE INHIBITORS FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY. AU - Dolušić, Eduard. AU - Pilotte, Luc. AU - Moineaux, Laurence. AU - Larrieu, Pierre. AU - Stroobant, Vincent. AU - Colau, Didier. AU - Pochet, Lionel. AU - De Plaen, Etienne. AU - Uyttenhove, Catherine. AU - Van den Eynde, Benoît. AU - Wouters, Johan. AU - Masereel, Bernard. AU - Lanners, Steve. AU - Frédérick, Raphaël. PY - 2013/5/27. Y1 - 2013/5/27. N2 - Recently, our group has shown that tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase (TDO), a hepatic enzyme catalyzing the first step of tryptophan degradation, is expressed in many tumors, thereby contributing to tumoral immune resistance.1 The complementary role of tryptophan catabolites has been demonstrated by others.2We set out to develop new, improved TDO inhibitors using as the starting point the only (unoptimized) series previously known in the literature.3 Herein, we describe the syntheses and structure-activity studies around a ...
Ion-exchange HPLC assay of tryptophan in breast milk of mothers with three months breast-feeding » Brill OnlineIon-exchange HPLC assay of tryptophan in breast milk of mothers with three months breast-feeding » Brill Online
Tryptophan is essential for the biosynthesis of biogenic amines. The correct ingestion of this amino acid is vital in the newborn for correct growth. An ion-exchange HPLC method is described for the assay of tryptophan in breast milk. The protein was hydrolysed by barium hydroxide and then assayed by the indicated chromatographic technique, establishing the conditions for the analysis. The values obtained confirmed the utility of the method for determining the tryptophan content in breast milk. The concentration of tryptophan found in the study population in mothers who had been breast-feeding for three months was 10.02 mgl−1 g−1 of protein.
Algorithms | Free Full-Text | Algorithm for the Analysis of Tryptophan Fluorescence Spectra and Their Correlation with Protein...Algorithms | Free Full-Text | Algorithm for the Analysis of Tryptophan Fluorescence Spectra and Their Correlation with Protein...
The fluorescence properties of tryptophan residues are sensitive to the microenvironment of fluorophores in proteins. Therefore, fluorescence characteristics are widely used to study structural transitions in proteins. However, the decoding of the structural information from spectroscopic data is challenging. Here we present a review of approaches developed for the decomposition of multi-component protein tryptophan fluorescence spectra and correlation of these spectral parameters with protein structural properties.
Effects of dietary tryptophan and stocking density on the performance, meat quality, and metabolic status of broilers | Journal...Effects of dietary tryptophan and stocking density on the performance, meat quality, and metabolic status of broilers | Journal...
Highly automated cage-rearing systems are becoming increasingly popular in China. However, a high stocking density can cause oxidative stress and decrease broiler performance. The tryptophan (TRP) derivative 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) has been shown to preserve membrane fluidity in birds suffering from oxidative stress. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary TRP supplementation on performance, breast meat quality and oxidative stress in broilers reared in cages with a high or low stocking density. Female Arbor Acres broilers (25-d-old, n = 144) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. The birds were fed a diet based on corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and corn gluten meal containing either 0.18 or 0.27% TRP and were housed with stocking densities of 11 or 15.4 birds/m2 in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Broiler performance was evaluated from d 25 to 42. Eight birds from each treatment were slaughtered on d 42 and plasma and breast muscle samples were
Effects of melatonin and tryptophan on healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers with Helicobacter pylori infection in humans. -...Effects of melatonin and tryptophan on healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers with Helicobacter pylori infection in humans. -...
Alternative Medicine Review is the highest impact, peer-reviewed CAM journal for healthcare practitioners with FREE web access to archives, abstract database and more.
Effects of low dose tryptophan depletion on emotional processing in dieters. - Department of PsychiatryEffects of low dose tryptophan depletion on emotional processing in dieters. - Department of Psychiatry
Biased processing of ED-relevant stimuli (eg Fairburn, Shafran, & Cooper, 1999) and 5-HT function (Kaye, Fudge, & Paulus, 2009) are implicated in vulnerability to and the maintenance of eating disorders (EDs), but it is not known if these findings are connected: Could manipulating 5-HT function affect the processing of ED-relevant stimuli? To address this question we assessed emotional processing in female dieters (T+n=12, T-n=14) following acute low dose tryptophan depletion. ATD increased interference in the masked condition of the emotional Stroop to all negative emotional stimuli, in the absence of any other differences in emotional processing. These results suggest that ATD affects the processing of some negative (including ED-relevant) stimuli, and that reduced 5-HT function may be involved in some aspects of psychological vulnerability to EDs.
Multifunctional tryptophan biosynthesis protein elisa and antibodyMultifunctional tryptophan biosynthesis protein elisa and antibody
Shop Multifunctional tryptophan biosynthesis protein ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Multifunctional tryptophan biosynthesis protein Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
mediaTUM - Media and Publication ServermediaTUM - Media and Publication Server
The aim of the study was to influence the serotonin-melatonin-system and thus to investigate its effect to milk synthesis and ejection in dairy cows. Melatonin concentration of heifers but not of lactating cows could be influenced after elevating plasma tryptophan concentration by oral administration of rumen protected tryptophan. A variation of the daily photoperiod affected prolactin , but not oxytocin concentration. Via directed use of artificial sunlight during milking oxytocin, but not prolactin, could be influenced. Furthermore a circadian rhythm of melatonin in milk was shown. « ...
Molecular Expressions: The Amino Acid Collection - TryptophanMolecular Expressions: The Amino Acid Collection - Tryptophan
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that must be obtained from the diet. The unusual indole side chain of tryptophan is also the nucleus of the important neurotransmitter serotonin, which is biosynthesized from tryptophan.
Dopamine Transporter Tryptophan Mutants Highlight Candidate Dopamine- and Cocaine-Selective Domains | Molecular PharmacologyDopamine Transporter Tryptophan Mutants Highlight Candidate Dopamine- and Cocaine-Selective Domains | Molecular Pharmacology
Figure 6 Comparisons of localizations of tryptophan (W) residues at which alanine substitutions produce significant changes in DAT functions with the localizations of phenylalanine (F), proline (P), tyrosine (Y), threonine (T), serine (S), aspartic acid (D), glutamic acid (E), and glutamine (Q) residues at which previously described mutations produce changes assessed in similar fashion (see references below). Here are shown the residues of which mutations produce changes ≥3-fold of the wild-type values; tryptophans are in boldface. The provisional nature of the DAT models used here is emphasized in the text. A, Top, localizations of amino acids at which alanine substitutions alter dopamine uptake affinity, as assessed byK M values determined using [3H]dopamine uptake assays; middle, localizations of amino acids at which alanine substitutions alter CFT affinity, as assessed by K D values determined using [3H]CFT binding assays; bottom, localizations of amino acids at which alanine substitutions ...
Effect of Tryptophan Analogues on Lipid Metabolism in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica | Biochemical Society TransactionsEffect of Tryptophan Analogues on Lipid Metabolism in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica | Biochemical Society Transactions
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Antimicrobial polymethacrylates synthesized as mimics of tryptophan-rich cationic peptides<...Antimicrobial polymethacrylates synthesized as mimics of tryptophan-rich cationic peptides<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Antimicrobial polymethacrylates synthesized as mimics of tryptophan-rich cationic peptides. AU - Locock, Katherine E.S.. AU - Michl, Thomas D.. AU - Stevens, Natalie. AU - Hayball, John D.. AU - Vasilev, Krasimir. AU - Postma, Almar. AU - Griesser, Hans J.. AU - Meagher, Laurence. AU - Haeussler, Matthias. PY - 2014/4/15. Y1 - 2014/4/15. N2 - This study describes a facile and high yielding route to two series of polymethacrylates inspired by the naturally occurring, tryptophan-rich cationic antimicrobial polymers. Appropriate optimization of indole content within each gave rise to polymers with high potency against Staphylococcus epidermidis (e.g., PGI-3 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 12 μg/mL) and the methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (e.g., PGI-3 MIC = 47 μg/mL) with minimal toxicity toward human red blood cells. Future work will be directed toward understanding the cooperative roles that the cationic and indole pendant groups have for the ...
Tryptophan-rich sensory protein elisa and antibodyTryptophan-rich sensory protein elisa and antibody
Shop Tryptophan-rich sensory protein ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Tryptophan-rich sensory protein Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
Eating healthily in 2018: Anti-stress food | Inquirer LifestyleEating healthily in 2018: Anti-stress food | Inquirer Lifestyle
With an awareness of which foods contains tryptophan, one of the eight essential amino acids, you can have a significant impact on your mood, nervous system and sleep.. Tryptophan plays an important role in the production of serotonin (the "good mood hormone"), melatonin (a sleep facilitator) and vitamin B3 (niacin) which helps to combat tiredness, depression and indigestion.. Your tryptophan intake should be sufficient (500 to 2000 milligrams per day is required) if you regularly eat meat (such as turkey, chicken, salami or liver), fish, dairy products or eggs.. Vegetarians can get tryptophan from brown rice, bananas, pumpkin seeds, almonds, cashew nuts, peanuts, brewers yeast, parsley and soya.. However, if you try to boost your tryptophan levels by eating too much animal protein, it will be counter-productive as the tryptophan has to compete with the seven other amino acids to cross into the brain. Its assimilation will therefore be limited.. Conversely, eating carbohydrates along with ...
Global Tryptophan Market 2017: CJ, Ajinomoto, Evonik, Henan Dragon Biological, Meihua - Talk Daily NewsGlobal Tryptophan Market 2017: CJ, Ajinomoto, Evonik, Henan Dragon Biological, Meihua - Talk Daily News
Browse Complete Report with TOC @ www.qyresearchgroup.com/market-analysis/global-tryptophan-market-2017-industry-trends-sales-supply.html. The report comprises the current size of the Tryptophan market. It also provides with different types of product segments of the global market. Furthermore, the Tryptophan market research report gives an in-depth information about the overall market and various product segments and their growth trends. The future market forecasts about the global Tryptophan market are also covered in the research report. In addition, the overall market potential is further described in the report along with different countries around the globe.. The latest and the newest trends of the Tryptophan industry are also included in this report. Moreover, overall global market size, the market size by product segment, growth rates of the global market along with and different product segments of the market, and various product segments with their value and volumes evaluation are also ...
Cyclophilin sensitivity to sanglifehrin A can be correlated to the same specific tryptophan residue as cyclosporin A. - PubMed...Cyclophilin sensitivity to sanglifehrin A can be correlated to the same specific tryptophan residue as cyclosporin A. - PubMed...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Can You Boost Your Serotonin Through Your Diet? - Inminutes MagazineCan You Boost Your Serotonin Through Your Diet? - Inminutes Magazine
Foods rich in protein, riboflavin and vitamin B6 all tend to contain high amounts of amino acids including tryptophan, but unfortunately boosting serotonin is not just as simple as eating tryptophan rich foods.. The tryptophan you consume have to compete with other amino acids to be absorbed by the brain, so in most cases there wont be a very noticeable effect, this is different to tryptophan supplements which do have an effect on the mood and serotonin levels.. Are Carbohydrates The Solution?. While tryptophan foods wont help much in boosting serotonin on their own, carbs can help you feel happier. There is a reason why Mac and cheese and pasta are considered comfort food.. It is possible that mixing healthy servings of tryptophan rich foods and carbohydrates can boost your mood.. When you consume carbohydrates, the insulin levels get increased which as mentioned above helps the amino acids including tryptophan to be absorbed by the heart, muscles and organs, now the left behind tryptophan ...
Comprehensive characterization of the photodissociation pathways of protonated tryptophan.<...Comprehensive characterization of the photodissociation pathways of protonated tryptophan.<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Comprehensive characterization of the photodissociation pathways of protonated tryptophan.. AU - Lepère, V.. AU - Lucas, B.. AU - Barat, M.. AU - Fayeton, J. A.. AU - Picard, V. J.. AU - Jouvet, C.. AU - Carçabal, P.. AU - Nielsen, I.. AU - Dedonder-Lardeux, C.. AU - Grégoire, G.. AU - Fujii, A.. PY - 2007/10/7. Y1 - 2007/10/7. N2 - The photofragmentation of protonated tryptophan has been investigated in a unique experimental setup, in which ion and neutral issued from the photofragmentation are detected in coincidence, in time and in position. From these data are extracted the kinetic energy, the number of neutral fragments associated with an ion, their masses, and the order of the fragmentation steps. Moreover, the fragmentation time scale ranging from tens of nanoseconds to milliseconds is obtained. From all these data, a comprehensive fragmentation mechanism is proposed.. AB - The photofragmentation of protonated tryptophan has been investigated in a unique experimental ...
Magnesium Tryptophan VitE Lysine Combi 5 x 1 kg | Makana MAG-T Combi Pulver für Tiere, 5 x 1 kg BeutelMagnesium Tryptophan VitE Lysine Combi 5 x 1 kg | Makana MAG-T Combi Pulver für Tiere, 5 x 1 kg Beutel
Sparpack: 5 x MAKANA® Magnesium - Vit E - Tryptophan - Lysin - Kombi für die Nerven, 1000g Pulver, insgesamt 5 kg im praktischen Aromaschutzbeutel.2 in 1: Magnesium - Tryptophan plus VitaminE/Lysin in einem Produkt, einfacher und günstiger geht es nicht! Magnesium - VitE - Tryptophan Kombi ist ein Diätfuttermittel z...
Tryptophan deficiencyTryptophan deficiency
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease of the gastrointestinal system caused by people eating gluten when they are genetically susceptible to the disease. Fatigue and indigestion are common symptoms. Diagnosis is made by small intestine biopsy. Depression is common among adults with celiac disease. Depression and behavioral disorders are common in adolescents with celiac disease. […]. View Post ...
Life Extension Optimized Tryptophan Plus - 90 Vegetarian CapsLife Extension Optimized Tryptophan Plus - 90 Vegetarian Caps
Life Extension® Optimized Tryptophan Plus was created to increase and enhance tryptophan levels in your brain that are already within the normal range of..
RCSB PDB - 1MPD: MALTODEXTRIN-BINDING PROTEIN (MALTOSE-BINDING PROTEIN) MUTANT, WITH ARGININE REPLACING TRYPTOPHAN AT POSITION...RCSB PDB - 1MPD: MALTODEXTRIN-BINDING PROTEIN (MALTOSE-BINDING PROTEIN) MUTANT, WITH ARGININE REPLACING TRYPTOPHAN AT POSITION...
1MPD: MALTODEXTRIN-BINDING PROTEIN (MALTOSE-BINDING PROTEIN) MUTANT, WITH ARGININE REPLACING TRYPTOPHAN AT POSITION 230 (TRP-230-ARG), COMPLEXED WITH MALTOSE
Foxp3+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells Stimulate IFN-γ-Independent CD152-Mediated Activation of Tryptophan Catabolism That Provides...Foxp3+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells Stimulate IFN-γ-Independent CD152-Mediated Activation of Tryptophan Catabolism That Provides...
We observed that repeated exposure to SEB increased the expression of CD152 on SEB-specific Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T cells and provided the cells with the capacity to regulate and control the strong primary T cell response stimulated by SEB. This regulatory function was dependent on the activation of tryptophan catabolism and could be inhibited by neutralization of CD152-B7 interactions. In addition, we also observed that CD11c+ DC from unresponsive animals acquired regulatory activity through CD152-mediated stimulation of tryptophan catabolism. DC isolated from normal or IFN-γ-deficient BALB/c mice were equally effective in up-regulating the molecule as well as in inducing tryptophan catabolism following CD152-Ig exposure. These results, in agreement with previous observations made by others (19), indicated that IFN-γ signaling was not necessary for IDO expression and activity. We conclude that repeated TCR-mediated stimulation of Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T regulatory cells within a short period of time ...
Tryptophan-free human PNP reveals catalytic site interactions<...Tryptophan-free human PNP reveals catalytic site interactions<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Tryptophan-free human PNP reveals catalytic site interactions. AU - Ghanem, Mahmoud. AU - Saen-oon, Suwipa. AU - Zhadin, Nickolay. AU - Wing, Corin. AU - Cahill, Sean M.. AU - Schwartz, Steven D.. AU - Callender, Robert. AU - Schramm, Vern L.. PY - 2008/3/11. Y1 - 2008/3/11. N2 - Human purine nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP) is a homotrimer, containing three nonconserved tryptophan residues at positions 16, 94, and 178, all remote from the catalytic site. The Tip residues were replaced with Tyr to produce Trp-free PNP (Leuko-PNP). Leuko-PNP showed near-normal kinetic properties. It was used (1) to determine the tautomeric form of guanine that produces strong fluorescence when bound to PNP, (2) for thermodynamic binding analysis of binary and ternary complexes with substrates, (3) in temperature-jump perturbation of complexes for evidence of multiple conformational complexes, and (4) to establish the ionization state of a catalytic site tyrosine involved in phosphate nucleophile ...
In vitro rescue of genital strains of Chlamydia trachomatis from interferon-γ and tryptophan depletion with indole-positive,...In vitro rescue of genital strains of Chlamydia trachomatis from interferon-γ and tryptophan depletion with indole-positive,...
The natural course of sexually transmitted infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis varies between individuals. In addition to parasite and host effects, the vaginal microbiota might play a key role in the outcome of C. trachomatis infections. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), known for its anti-chlamydial properties, activates the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) in epithelial cells, an enzyme that catabolizes the amino acid L- tryptophan into N-formylkynurenine, depleting the host cells pool of tryptophan. Although C. trachomatis is a tryptophan auxotroph, urogenital strains (but not ocular strains) have been shown in vitro to have the ability to produce tryptophan from indole using the tryptophan synthase (trpBA) gene. It has been suggested that indole producing bacteria from the vaginal microbiota could influence the outcome of Chlamydia infection. We used two in vitro models (treatment with IFN-γ or direct limitation of tryptophan), to study the effects of direct rescue by the addition
Tryptophan Fix | Science SignalingTryptophan Fix | Science Signaling
Breakdown of tryptophan to kynurenine by the enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibits T cell responses and promotes immune tolerance. Tryptophan degradation by IDO in tumor cells is associated with immune evasion and increased tumor growth (see commentary by Prendergast). Thus, better understanding of how tryptophan catabolism affects immune responses might help to develop anticancer therapies. Opitz et al. found that cultured human glioma cell lines and glioma-initiating cells degraded tryptophan and produced large quantities of kynurenine. Knockdown of IDO isoforms in these cells had no effect on tryptophan metabolism; rather, knockdown of another tryptophan-degrading enzyme, TDO, blocked production of kynurenine. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the abundance of TDO correlated with malignancy in human brain tumors. The amount of kynurenine produced by glioma cells correlated with inhibition of the proliferation of cocultured T cells. Knockdown of TDO in glioma cells restored ...
Effect of Single and Repeated Administration of Chlorpromazine on Serum Tryptophan and Albumin Binding of Tryptophan in the Rat...Effect of Single and Repeated Administration of Chlorpromazine on Serum Tryptophan and Albumin Binding of Tryptophan in the Rat...
DAVID A. BENDER; The Effect of Single and Repeated Administration of Chlorpromazine on Serum Tryptophan and Albumin Binding of Tryptophan in the Rat. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1975; 3 (1): 115-117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030115. Download citation file:. ...
Tryptophan synthase - WikipediaTryptophan synthase - Wikipedia
Subunits: Tryptophan synthase typically exists as an α-ββ-α complex. The α and β subunits have molecular masses of 27 and 43 kDa respectively. The α subunit has a TIM barrel conformation. The β subunit has a fold type II conformation and a binding site adjacent to the active site for monovalent cations.[10] Their assembly into a complex leads to structural changes in both subunits resulting in reciprocal activation. There are two main mechanisms for intersubunit communication. First, the COMM domain of the β-subunit and the α-loop2 of the α-subunit interact. Additionally, there are interactions between the αGly181 and βSer178 residues.[11] The active sites are regulated allosterically and undergo transitions between open, inactive, and closed, active, states.[9] Indole-3-glycerol binding site: See image 1. Indole and serine binding site: See image 1. Hydrophobic channel: The α and β active sites are separated by a 25 angstrom long hydrophobic channel contained within the enzyme ...
Impact of Local Electrostatics on the Redox Properties of Tryptophan Radicals in Azurin: Implications for Redox-Active...Impact of Local Electrostatics on the Redox Properties of Tryptophan Radicals in Azurin: Implications for Redox-Active...
Tyrosine and tryptophan play critical roles in facilitating proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes essential to life. The local protein environment is anticipated to modulate the thermodynamics of amino acid radicals to achieve controlled, unidirectional PCET. Herein, square-wave voltammetry was employed to investigate the electrostatic effects on the redox properties of tryptophan in two variants of the protein azurin. Each variant contains a single redox-active tryptophan, W48 or W108, in a unique and buried protein environment. These tryptophan residues exhibit reversible square-wave voltammograms. A Pourbaix plot, representing the reduction potentials versus pH, is presented for the non-H-bonded W48, which has potentials comparable to those of tryptophan in solution. The reduction potentials of W108 are seen to be increased by more than 100 mV across the same pH range. Molecular dynamics shows that, despite its buried indole ring, the N-H of W108 hydrogen bonds with a water ...
Tryptophan residues are targets in hypothiocyanous acid-mediated protein oxidation | Biochemical JournalTryptophan residues are targets in hypothiocyanous acid-mediated protein oxidation | Biochemical Journal
Myeloperoxidase, released by activated phagocytes, forms reactive oxidants by catalysing the reaction of halide and pseudo-halide ions with H2O2. These oxidants have been linked to tissue damage in a range of inflammatory diseases. With physiological levels of halide and pseudo-halide ions, similar amounts of HOCl (hypochlorous acid) and HOSCN (hypothiocyanous acid) are produced by myeloperoxidase. Although the importance of HOSCN in initiating cellular damage via thiol oxidation is becoming increasingly recognized, there are limited data on the reactions of HOSCN with other targets. In the present study, the products of the reaction of HOSCN with proteins has been studied. With albumin, thiols are oxidized preferentially forming unstable sulfenyl thiocyanate derivatives, as evidenced by the reversible incorporation of 14C from HOS14CN. On consumption of the HSA (human serum albumin) free thiol group, the formation of stable 14C-containing products and oxidation of tryptophan residues are ...
Tryptophan residue is essential for immunoreactivity of a diagnostically relevant peptide epitope of A. fumigatus -...Tryptophan residue is essential for immunoreactivity of a diagnostically relevant peptide epitope of A. fumigatus -...
The role of tryptophan (Trp17) in immunoreactivity of P1, the diagnostically relevant peptide from a major allergen/antigen of Aspergillus fumigatus, was evaluated by chemically modifying tryptophanyl residue of P1. In BIAcore kinetic studies, unmodified P1 showed a 100-fold higher binding with ABPA (Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis) patients IgG [KD (equilibrium dissociation constant) = 2.74 e−8 ± 0.13 M] than the controls IgG (KD = 2.97 e−6 ± 0.14 M), whereas chemically-modified P1 showed similar binding [KD patients IgG = 3.25 e−7± 0.16 M, KD controls IgG = 3.86 e−7 ± 0.19 M] indicating loss of specific immunoreactivity of P1 on tryptophan modification. Modified P1 showed loss of specific binding to IgE and IgG antibodies of ABPA patients in ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). The study infers that tryptophan residue (Trp17)) is essential for immunoreactivity of P1. ...
Low-dose tryptophan depletion in recovered depressed women induces impairments in autobiographical memory specificity. -...Low-dose tryptophan depletion in recovered depressed women induces impairments in autobiographical memory specificity. -...
BACKGROUND: Depressed patients perform poorly on tests of autobiographical memory specificity (AMS); this may have negative consequences for other important cognitive abilities, delays recovery from mood episodes, and, in recovered patients, may mediate vulnerability to future episodes. Although the cognitive mechanisms underlying AMS deficits are beginning to be understood, the neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Serotonin is implicated in both depression and long-term memory; therefore, temporary lowering of brain serotonin function via acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) offers a means of studying the role of serotonin in autobiographical memory specificity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 24 previously depressed women underwent low-dose ATD or sham depletion and completed tests of initial and delayed memory, recollection- and familiarity-based recognition, and AMS. RESULTS: ATD did not differentially affect state mood. Compared with sham depletion, ATD impaired immediate recall on the
Control of actinomycin D biosynthesis in Streptomyces parvullus: regulation of tryptophan oxygenase activity. - Semantic ScholarControl of actinomycin D biosynthesis in Streptomyces parvullus: regulation of tryptophan oxygenase activity. - Semantic Scholar
Tryptophan oxygenase (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase) activity increases immediately before the initiation of actinomycin D production by Streptomyces parvullus. We have attempted to discern whether this increase is due to a release from catabolite repression or to the synthesis of an inducer substance. The standard culture medium (glutamic acid-histidine-fructose medium) used in antibiotic production studies with S. parvullus contains l-glutamate as a major constituent. l-Glutamate is almost totally consumed before the onset of actinomycin D synthesis. The addition of 10 mM l-glutamate at this stage completely abolished actinomycin D production as well as tryptophan oxygenase synthesis. Fourteen amino acids were tested for a similar effect. Of these, l-glutamate and l-aspartate had the most dramatic effect on tryptophan oxygenase and beta-galactosidase (beta-d-galactosidase), another inducible enzyme. Standard glutamic acid-histidine-fructose medium, preincubated for 23 h to remove l-glutamate, allowed the
Interferon-alpha-induced changes in tryptophan metabolism: Relationship to depression and paroxetine treatment<...Interferon-alpha-induced changes in tryptophan metabolism: Relationship to depression and paroxetine treatment<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Interferon-alpha-induced changes in tryptophan metabolism. T2 - Relationship to depression and paroxetine treatment. AU - Capuron, Lucile. AU - Neurauter, Gabriele. AU - Musselman, Dominique L.. AU - Lawson, David H.. AU - Nemeroff, Charles B.. AU - Fuchs, Dietmar. AU - Miller, Andrew H.. PY - 2003/11/1. Y1 - 2003/11/1. N2 - Background: Tryptophan (TRP) degradation into kynurenine (KYN) by the enzyme, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, during immune activation may contribute to development of depressive symptoms during interferon (IFN)-α therapy. Methods: Twenty-six patients with malignant melanoma were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive either placebo or paroxetine, beginning 2 weeks before IFN-α treatment and continuing for the first 12 weeks of IFN-α therapy. At treatment initiation and at 2, 4, and 12 weeks of IFN-α treatment, measurements of TRP, KYN, and neopterin (a marker of immune activation), were obtained, along with structured assessments of ...
Differences between plasma tryptophan patterns in endogenous and neurotic depression - GeoScience.netDifferences between plasma tryptophan patterns in endogenous and neurotic depression - GeoScience.net
Fiore C.E.; Malatino L.S.; Petrone G., 1979: Differences between plasma tryptophan patterns in endogenous and neurotic depression
Tryptophan - wikidocTryptophan - wikidoc
Although currently available for purchase, in 1989 a large outbreak (1500 cases of permanent disability including at least 37 deaths) of a disabling autoimmune illness called eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) was traced by some epidemiological studies[33][34][35] to L-tryptophan supplied by a Japanese manufacturer, Showa Denko KK.[36] It was further hypothesized that one or more trace impurities produced during the manufacture of tryptophan may have been responsible for the EMS outbreak.[37][38] However, many people who consumed Showa Denko L-tryptophan did not develop EMS and cases of EMS have occurred prior to and after the 1989 epidemic. Furthermore the methodology used in the initial epidemiological studies has been criticized.[39][40] An alternative explanation for the 1989 EMS outbreak is that large doses of tryptophan produce metabolites which inhibit the normal degradation of histamine and excess histamine in turn has been proposed to cause EMS.[41] Most tryptophan was banned from sale ...
IDO1 - Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 - Homo sapiens (Human) - IDO1 gene & proteinIDO1 - Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 - Homo sapiens (Human) - IDO1 gene & protein
Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway (PubMed:17671174). Involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses (PubMed:25691885). Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells (PubMed:25691885). Acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity (PubMed:23103127, PubMed:25157255, PubMed:14502282, PubMed:25691885). Limits the growth of intracellular pathogens by depriving tryptophan (PubMed:25691885). Protects the fetus from maternal immune rejection (PubMed:25691885).
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway (PubMed:17671174). Involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses (PubMed:25691885). Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells (PubMed:25691885). Acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity (PubMed:23103127, PubMed:25157255, PubMed:14502282, PubMed:25691885). Limits the growth of intracellular pathogens by depriving tryptophan (PubMed:25691885). Protects the fetus from maternal immune rejection (PubMed:25691885 ...
Tryptophan 7-halogenase - WikipediaTryptophan 7-halogenase - Wikipedia
Tryptophan 7-halogenase (EC 1.14.19.9, PrnA, RebH) is an enzyme with systematic name L-tryptophan:FADH2 oxidoreductase (7-halogenating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction: tryptophan + FADH2 + Cl− + O2 + H+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 7-chloro-L-tryptophan + FAD + 2 H2O The enzyme can use bromide ions (Br−) in place of chloride (Cl−). Tryptophan 7-halogenase is a member of a class of enzymes known as flavin-dependent halogenases. Prior to tryptophan 7-halogenases discovery, it was thought that all halogen atoms in metabolites were incorporated by the action of haloperoxidases, another class of halogenases dependent on metal centers such as vanadium or heme, or perhydrolases, a class of halogenases that generates peracids that in turn oxidize halide ions to hypohalous acids, which act as halogenating agents. These enzymes halogenate without substrate specificity and regioselectivity. The first tryptophan 7-halogenase was isolated in 1995 by Dairi et al. ...
Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplements That Reduce Brain Serotonin by Sujean Choi, Briana DiSilvio et al."Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplements That Reduce Brain Serotonin" by Sujean Choi, Briana DiSilvio et al.
Exercise raises brain serotonin release and is postulated to cause fatigue in athletes; ingestion of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), by competitively inhibiting tryptophan transport into brain, lowers brain tryptophan uptake and serotonin synthesis and release in rats, and reputedly in humans prevents exercise-induced increases in serotonin and fatigue. This latter effect in humans is disputed. But BCAA also competitively inhibit tyrosine uptake into brain, and thus catecholamine synthesis and release. Since increasing brain catecholamines enhances physical performance, BCAA ingestion could lower catecholamines, reduce performance and thus negate any serotonin-linked benefit. We therefore examined in rats whether BCAA would reduce both brain tryptophan and tyrosine concentrations and serotonin and catecholamine synthesis. Sedentary and exercising rats received BCAA or vehicle orally; tryptophan and tyrosine concentrations and serotonin and catecholamine synthesis rates were measured 1 h later in
Mean Performance of Normal and QPM Maize Genotypes for Yield and Tryptophan ContentMean Performance of Normal and QPM Maize Genotypes for Yield and Tryptophan Content
An investigation was taken up at Maize Research Station, Agricultural Research Institute, PJTSAU, Hyderabad during 2013-14. F1 material was generated by making crosses between BML 6 × CML 181 and BML 7 × CML 181for introgression of opaque 2 gene from Mexican donor CML181 through molecular breeding approach. The converted quality protein maize BML 6 and BML 7 lines (designated as CB6 and CB7) with increased levels of lysine and tryptophan were crossed in various combinations to select a hybrid with increased lysine, tryptophan and high yield. The performance of elite maize genotypes, donor and derived QPM inbreds and their hybrid combinations were analysed for yield and yield attributing characters. The experiment was designed with three replication following Randomized Block Design. Observations were recorded on twelve quantitative and qualitative traits. Hybrids recorded superior performance to parents with respect to plant height (cm), ear height (cm), number of kernel rows per ear, 100 kernel
blogorrhea: Is Tryptophan Useful for Treating Depression?blogorrhea: Is Tryptophan Useful for Treating Depression?
It turns out you can buy 5-HTP over the counter, and yes, 5-HTP does cross the BBB. Why not just take supplemental 5-HTP? Actually, its something to consider. Many studies (some of which well get to in a minute) have focused on administration of 5-HTP itself rather than tryptophan, since 5-HTP cant be siphoned away to protein synthesis. But precisely because it cant be diverted to other uses, 5-HTP is about ten times more potent (in its serotonergic effects) than tryptophan. Its also an order of magnitude more toxic than tryptophan and many times more likely to cause "serotonin syndrome" if taken in conjunction with an adversely interactive drug (e.g., any SSRI). The oral LD50 for 5-HTP in rodents ranges from 243 mg/kg to 1708 mg/kg. The LD50 for tryptophan (oral, rodent) is more like 16 grams/kg. You can safely swallow much more tryptophan than 5-HTP ...
Radiosynthesis of L-[18F]fluorotryptophan by isotopic exchange on carbonyl-activated precursors - Kölner...Radiosynthesis of L-[18F]fluorotryptophan by isotopic exchange on carbonyl-activated precursors - Kölner...
In the past a variety of 18F-labeled aromatic amino acids have been developed, primarily for tumor diagnostics with positron-emission-tomography. Recently tryptophan got high attention, since evidence came up that some tumors exhibit an elevated consumption of it. So far, this amino acid could only be radiofluorinated by unsatisfactory approaches. In the work here, a simpler, 3-step method for a nucleophilic radiosynthesis of L-4-[18F]fluorotryptophan was developed. For this a carbonyl activated precursor was radiofluorinated by isotopic exchange, followed by removal of the activating formyl group by reductive decarbonylation and subsequent hydrolysis of the protecting groups under acidic conditions. First, the influence of positions of fluorine and of the formyl group on the isotopic exchange was examined in several fluoro-1H-indolecarbaldehydes where different protecting groups were attached to the indole nitrogen. Further, a decarbonylation reaction with Rh(PPh3)3 on those molecules was ...
The tryptophan aminotransferase Tam1 catalyses the single biosynthetic step for tryptophan-dependent pigment synthesis in...The tryptophan aminotransferase Tam1 catalyses the single biosynthetic step for tryptophan-dependent pigment synthesis in...
Zuther, K., Mayser, P., Hettwer, U., Wu, W., Spiteller, P., Kindler, B. L. J., Karlovsky, P., Basse, C. W., and Schirawski, J. 2008. "The tryptophan aminotransferase Tam1 catalyses the single biosynthetic step for tryptophan-dependent pigment synthesis in Ustilago maydis." Molecular microbiology. 68 (1):152-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06144.x ...
Niacin B3, 500 mg 100 capsules at HealthMegaMall.comNiacin B3, 500 mg 100 capsules at HealthMegaMall.com
Niacin is the only B vitamin that can be synthesized in the liver from the amino acid tryptophan on average, 1 mg of niacin can be synthesized from the ingestion of 60 mg of tryptophan.148-150 In its coenzyme forms, niacin is crucial to energy transfer reactions, particularly the metabolism of glucose, fat, and alcohol.151,152 Niacin s beneficial effects on blood lipids is well-documented.153-166
Foods To Eat To Enhance Your Dreams - disinformationFoods To Eat To Enhance Your Dreams - disinformation
A double-blind study revealed that participants who took a daily 250mg B6 supplement reported a significant increase in dream content - as measured in dream vividness, bizarreness, emotionality and color. One of the roles of vitamin B6 is to convert the essential amino acid tryptophan into serotonin and niacin. This helps the body regulate appetite, sleep patterns and mood. Low levels of tryptophan are also linked with poor dream recall.. When youre ready to begin the dream-intensity challenge, take your vitamin B6 supplement and then fuel the fire with plenty of tryptophan-rich foods such as:. ...
Most recent papers with the keyword Tsc and brain | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Tsc and brain | Read by QxMD
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by hamartomatous lesions in various organs and arises due to mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. TSC mutations lead to a range of neurological manifestations including epilepsy, cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and brain lesions that include cortical tubers. There is evidence that seizures arise at or near cortical tubers, but it is unknown why some tubers are epileptogenic while others are not. We have previously reported increased tryptophan metabolism measured with α[(11)C]-methyl-l-tryptophan (AMT) positron emission tomography (PET) in epileptogenic tubers in approximately two-thirds of patients with tuberous sclerosis and intractable epilepsy ...
Fluorescence analysis of calmodulin mutants containing tryptophan: Conformational changes induced by calmodulin-binding...Fluorescence analysis of calmodulin mutants containing tryptophan: Conformational changes induced by calmodulin-binding...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Fluorescence analysis of calmodulin mutants containing tryptophan. T2 - Conformational changes induced by calmodulin-binding peptides from myosin light chain kinase and protein kinase II. AU - Prendergast, Franklyn G.. PY - 1991. Y1 - 1991. N2 - Peptide-induced conformational changes in five isofunctional mutants of calmodulin (CaM), each bearing a single tryptophan residue either at the seventh position of each of the four calcium-binding loops (i.e., amino acids 26, 62, 99, and 135) or in the central helix (amino acid 81) were studied by using fluorescence spectroscopy. The peptides RS20F and RS20CK correspond to CaM-binding amino acid sequence segments of either nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) or calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMPK-II), respectively. Both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence data were collected from the various peptide-CaM complexes. Steady-state fluorescence intensity measurements indicated that, in the presence of an excess of ...
Stress busters: tryptophan (turkey?) and l-theanine (tea)! - Lilac Tea RoomStress busters: tryptophan (turkey?) and l-theanine (tea)! - Lilac Tea Room
By now, youve probably forgotten about the post -thanksgiving stupor characterized (if you can recall) by glassy eyes, protruding tummy, and overwhelming urge to (yawn!) take a nice nap.. You may have heard over the years that turkeys soporific effect is caused by tryptophan, an essential amino acid. Since the body cant make tryptophan, it must be provided by diet. Tryptophan is used to produce niacin and seratonin, a brain chemical that enhances mood and well-being. Sadly, the amount of trytophan in turkey is slightly less than found in chicken. The turkey/tryptophan connection probably has more to do with the amount of carbs than that the turkey effect. ...
National Nutrition Bulletin: TRYPTOPHAN & TURKEY - Articles by a Naturopathic Doctor ( N.D.)National Nutrition Bulletin: TRYPTOPHAN & TURKEY - Articles by a Naturopathic Doctor ( N.D.)
Serotonin helps regulate mood, out look, general sense of wellness, behaviour, and it reduces appetite. In fact, because 5HTP increases serotonin, its been compared to antidepressants like Prozac for its ability to alleviate depression. Serotonin is released in your gut and brain in response to digestive fullness. This creates a feeling of satiety which helps regulate your appetite. Because a deficiency of serotonin can lead to overeating and obesity it is important to keep your serotonin up naturally. Eating turkey is one way to do this. In fact there is a connection between stress and overeating. In part your body is trying to calm itself by releasing serotonin. If you lack the essential amino acid Tryptophan you can become deficient in serotonin. And a lack of serotonin can cause you to overeat. This then can create a negative cycle of depression and over eating. ...
Relationship between L-tryptophan uptake and L-tryptophan, 2,3-dioxygenase activity in rat hepatocytes<...Relationship between L-tryptophan uptake and L-tryptophan, 2,3-dioxygenase activity in rat hepatocytes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Relationship between L-tryptophan uptake and L-tryptophan, 2,3-dioxygenase activity in rat hepatocytes. AU - Saito, Kuniaki. AU - Ohta, Y.. AU - Nagamura, Y.. AU - Sasaki, E.. AU - Ishiguro, I.. PY - 1990/2/7. Y1 - 1990/2/7. N2 - The relationship between L-tryptophan uptake and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity in hepatocytes was examined and compared with the change of hepatic L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tyrosine uptakes using isolated hepatocytes of rats in which the oxygenase was induced with L-tryptophan or hydrocortisone. In L-tryptophan- or hydrocortisone-treated rat hepatocytes, the rate of L-tryptophan uptake into hepatocytes via the saturable high-affinity transport component significantly increased but the hepatic uptake rate of L-leucine did not change at all. In hydrocortisone-treated rat hepatocytes, a little stimulated hepatic uptake of L-phenylalanine or L-tyrosine was observed. In the stimulated hepatic uptake of L-tryptophan via the high-affinity ...
Regulation of prostaglandin synthesis and cell adhesion by a tryptophan catabolizing enzyme | BMC Biochemistry | Full TextRegulation of prostaglandin synthesis and cell adhesion by a tryptophan catabolizing enzyme | BMC Biochemistry | Full Text
Tryptophan catabolism by cells expressing IDO is something of an enigma and has resulted in speculation as to why the body requires two enzymes with different tissue specificities to degrade the rarest essential amino acid [5, 34]. The inability of IDO to be induced by its own substrate exemplifies this puzzle. While IDOs role in controlling intracellular pathogens is well documented, there is little understanding of the reasons for IDO expression at sites in the body unlikely to be related to this function, such as the epididymis. The data we present here reveal that IDO expression is an important determinant of the way in which cells interact with their extracellular environment in vitro. In particular, cell adhesion is altered dramatically by overexpressing IDO in cells which do not otherwise express it, or inhibiting IDO expression in cells in which it is naturally induced following cell passage. Specifically, overexpression of IDO in RAW and MC57 cells resulted in the growth of macroscopic ...
Leptospira immunoglobulin-like protein B (LigB) binding to the C-terminal fibrinogen αC domain inhibits fibrin clot formation,...Leptospira immunoglobulin-like protein B (LigB) binding to the C-terminal fibrinogen αC domain inhibits fibrin clot formation,...
Leptospira immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins including LigA and LigB are adhesins that bind to fibronectin, collagen, laminin and elastin. In addition, Lig proteins are fibrinogen (Fg)-binding proteins, although the physiological role of the Lig-Fg interaction is unclear. In this study, a previously identified Fg-binding region, LigBCen2 (amino acids 1014-1165 of LigB), has been further localized to LigBCen2R, which consists of the partial 11th and entire 12th Ig-like domain (amino acids 1014-1119). LigBCen2R was found to bind to the C-terminal αC domain of Fg (FgαCC; amino acids 392-644 in Fg α chain; isothermal titration calorimetry, K(D) = 0.375 µM; fluorescence spectrometry, K(D) = 0.364 µM). The quenching and blue shift observed for the maximum wavelength intensities of the tryptophan fluorescence spectra for FgαCCY570W upon LigBCen2RW1073C binding suggested an RGD motif close to the sole tryptophan on FgαCCY570W was buried in LigBCen2R upon saturation with FgαCC. A conformational change
Sleeping Turkey: The Tryptophan Myth - Gastronomer.orgSleeping Turkey: The Tryptophan Myth - Gastronomer.org
L-Tryptophan is an amino acid found in turkey that is a natural sedative. (Tryptophan helps the body produce the B-vitamin, niacin, which, in turn, helps the body produce serotonin. Serotonin calms the brain and plays a key role in sleep.) When people talk about how eating turkey makes you sleepy or the nap theyll be ready to take directly after their Thanksgiving meal, theyre usually referring to the effect most people attribute to tryptophan.. Ive recently become interested in the chemical reactions that occur inside your body when you eat different foods, thanks to Tim Ferris and his explanation of how the body metabolizes starches and sugars in The 4 Hour Body. As a result, I started wondering if there were ways we could control our sleepy reaction to eating turkey and avoid the seemingly-unavoidable post-meal Thanksgiving food coma. I figured maybe there are foods or other dietary supplements that will reverse or counteract the effects of tryptophan. What I quickly found when I began my ...
Polarization of Tryptophan Fluorescence from Single Striated Muscle Fibers | JGPPolarization of Tryptophan Fluorescence from Single Striated Muscle Fibers | JGP
Instrumentation has been developed to detect rapidly the polarization of tryptophan fluorescence from single muscle fibers in rigor, relaxation, and contraction. The polarization parameter (P⊥) obtained by exiciting the muscle tryptophans with light polarized perpendicular to the long axis of the muscle fiber had a magnitude P⊥ (relaxation) , P⊥ (contraction) , P⊥ (rigor) for the three types of muscle fibers examined (glycerinated rabbit psoas, glycerinated dorsal longitudinal flight muscle of Lethocerus americanus, and live semitendinosus of Rana pipiens). P⊥ from single psoas fibers in rigor was found to increase as the sarcomere length increased but in relaxed fibers P⊥ was independent of sarcomere length. After rigor, pyrophosphate produced little or no change in P⊥, but following an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-containing solution, pyrophosphate produced a value of P⊥ that fell between the contraction and relaxation values. Sinusoidal or square wave oscillations of the ...
Tryptophan metabolism in Klebsiella aerogenes: regulation of the utilization of aromatic amino acids as sources of nitrogenTryptophan metabolism in Klebsiella aerogenes: regulation of the utilization of aromatic amino acids as sources of nitrogen
Klebsiella aerogenes utilized aromatic amino acids as sole sources of nitrogen but not as sole sources of carbon. K. aerogenes abstracted the alpha-amino group of these compounds by transamination and excreted the arylpyruvate portions into the medium. When tryptophan was utilized as the sole source …
CNR-PUMA PUblication MAnagementCNR-PUMA PUblication MAnagement
The effect of binding the Trp-free motor domain mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum, rabbit skeletal muscle myosin S1, and tropomyosin on the dynamics and conformation of actin filaments was characterized by an analysis of steady- state tryptophan phosphorescence spectra and phosphorescence decay kinetics over a temperature range of 140-293 K. The binding of the Trp-free motor domain mutant of D. discoideum to actin caused red shifts in the phosphorescence spectrum of two internal Trp residues of actin and affected the intrinsic lifetime of each emitter, decreasing by roughly twofold the short phosphorescence lifetime components (t 1 and t 2) and increasing by ;20% the longest component (t3). The alteration of actin phosphorescence by the motor protein suggests that i), structural changes occur deep down in the core of actin and that ii), subtle changes in conformation appear also on the surface but in regions distant from the motor domain binding site. When actin formed complexes with skeletal ...
Direct linkDirect link
The large neutral amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan are precursors of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin and their availability in the brain may influence neurotransmission. Disturbed neurotransmitter systems, such as the dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotoninergic systems are implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).. The primary aim of this study is to outline the findings/evidence from different investigations in vitro, concerning aberrant amino acid (tyrosine, tryptophan and alanine) transport in fibroblasts obtained from patients with schizophrenia and their relatives, bipolar-I disorder, autism and ADHD disorders.. The outlines of the findings presented in this study provide evidence that amino acids, tyrosine and tryptophan are strongly involved in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism and ADHD.. ...
Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic studies on interaction of the N-terminal region with the hairpin loop...Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic studies on interaction of the N-terminal region with the hairpin loop...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic studies on interaction of the N-terminal region with the hairpin loop of the phytocystain Scb. AU - Doi-Kawano, Keiko. AU - Nishimoto, Etsuko. AU - Kouzuma, Yoshiaki. AU - Takahashi, Daisuke. AU - Yamashita, Shoji. AU - Kimura, Makoto. PY - 2009/7/1. Y1 - 2009/7/1. N2 - The steady-state and time-resolved fluorescece spectroscopy is one of the most powerful method to detect and analyze subtle conformation change and interaction between peptide elements in protein. Phytocystatin Scb isolated from sunflower seeds includes a single Trp residue at position 85. In an attempt to investigate the interaction of the N-terminal region of Scb with the first and second hairpin loops by fluorescence spectroscopy of Trp residue, two Scb mutants in which single Trp locates at position 52 and 58, respectively, and their N-terminal removed mutants were generated. The N-terminal truncation changed the fluorescence decay kinetics of Trp52 ...
Caspase recruitment domain 9, microbiota, and tryptophan metabolism: dangerous liaisons in inflammatory bowel diseases | The...Caspase recruitment domain 9, microbiota, and tryptophan metabolism: dangerous liaisons in inflammatory bowel diseases | The...
The microbiota from CARD9 mice fails to metabolize tryptophan leading to defective AhR activation which contributes to the susceptibility of mice to colitis by decreased interleukin 22 production. These effects were abrogated in the presence of AhR agonist. Reduced production of AhR ligands is also observed in the microbiota from individuals with IBD, particularly in those with CARD9 risk alleles associated with IBD. Correcting impaired microbiota functions, such as ability to produce AhR ligands, is an attractive strategy in IBD.. Discover more: OvidInsights. ...
Indoles - Gut Bacteria Metabolites of Tryptophan with Pharmacotherapeutic Potential | Bentham ScienceIndoles - Gut Bacteria Metabolites of Tryptophan with Pharmacotherapeutic Potential | Bentham Science
Title:Indoles - Gut Bacteria Metabolites of Tryptophan with Pharmacotherapeutic Potential. VOLUME: 19 ISSUE: 10. Author(s):Piotr Konopelski and Marcin Ufnal*. Affiliation:Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw. Keywords:Gut microbiota, indoles, indoxyl sulfate, tryptophan, serotonin.. Abstract:Background: Increasing evidence proves the pivotal role of gut microbiota in mammals homeostasis. Gut bacterial metabolites may exert local effects on the intestines, and may enter the circulation, affecting the functions of virtually all organs. Here, we review the available evidence on metabolism and biological effects of gut microbiota- derived indoles. Methods: The PUBMED database and Google Scholar were searched to identify experimental and clinical studies ...
Amount of Tryptophan (Trp) standard amino acid in Chicken, fryers or broilers, dark meat, meat with skin, raw naturalAmount of Tryptophan (Trp) standard amino acid in Chicken, fryers or broilers, dark meat, meat with skin, raw natural
How much of Tryptophan (Trp) standard amino acid is present in Chicken, fryers or broilers, dark meat, meat with skin, raw natural in details, quantity how high or low Tryptophan (Trp) standard amino acid nutrient content it has.
1jhz - Proteopedia, life in 3D1jhz - Proteopedia, life in 3D
The crystal structures of corepressor-bound and free Escherichia coli purine repressor (PurR) have delineated the roles of several residues in corepressor binding and specificity and the intramolecular signal transduction (allosterism) of this LacI/GalR family member. From these structures, residue W147 was implicated as a key component of the allosteric response, but in many members of the LacI/GalR family, position 147 is occupied by an arginine. To understand the role of this tryptophan at position 147, three proteins, substituted by phenylalanine (W147F), alanine (W147A), or arginine (W147R), were constructed and characterized in vivo and in vitro, and their structures were determined. W147F displays a decreased affinity for corepressor and is a poor repressor in vivo. W147A and W147R, on the other hand, are super repressors and bind corepressor 13.6 and 7.9 times more tightly, respectively, than wild-type. Each mutant PurR-hypoxanthine-purF operator holo complex crystallizes isomorphously ...
A tryptophan-induced coma leads to Three-Layered Oreo Fudge | VyvaciousA tryptophan-induced coma leads to Three-Layered Oreo Fudge | Vyvacious
I pushed off posting yesterday because I figured an extra day would help get the creative juices flowing, right? WRONG. I couldnt be more wigged out on tryptophan and in dire need of a nap. I blame it all on the turkey ...on the turkey, on the mashed potatoes, on the stuffing, on the pork…
B4T6X1 | trpB | Tryptophan synthase beta chain | Druggability | CancerB4T6X1 | trpB | Tryptophan synthase beta chain | Druggability | Cancer
casSAR Dugability of B4T6X1 | trpB | Tryptophan synthase beta chain - Also known as TRPB_SALNS, trpB. The beta subunit is responsible for the synthesis of L-tryptophan from indole and L-serine. Tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains.
Purple Almond Wellness: 11 Vegan Depression-Busting Tryptophan Foods Better Than Turkey!Purple Almond Wellness: 11 Vegan Depression-Busting Tryptophan Foods Better Than Turkey!
All week, Ive been talking about boosting melatonin levels in your body. One of the best ways of doing that is eating foods rich in melatonin and tryptophan, a precursor to serotonin and melatonin. Many animal foods, such as eggs, salmon and poultry, are known to have large amounts of tryptophan. However, what if youre…
Ajinomoto to produce feed-grade tryptophan in North America | FeedstuffsAjinomoto to produce feed-grade tryptophan in North America | Feedstuffs
Ajinomoto Animal Nutrition Group Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Ajinomoto Co. Inc., will begin production of feed-grade tryptophan in North America, in addition to its existing operations in Europe.. With the addition of a new manufacturing line at its Eddyville, Iowa, location, Ajinomoto Group will stabilize profits in the animal nutrition business by strengthening the flexibility of its production system, which can switch product lines in response to changes in market prices.. In the feed-use amino acid market in North America, demand for tryptophan has been expanding rapidly over the past five years, the company said. This is due, in part, to changes in the type of raw materials for natural feed, including the use of corn-based dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), a byproduct of ethanol. In addition, with the success of Ajinomoto Groups proactive activities to create demand, steady market expansion is expected to continue.. Today, there are no manufacturers in North America ...
Roswell Park Memorial Institute mediumRoswell Park Memorial Institute medium
Amino acid synthesisAmino acid synthesis
Thomas Burr Osborne (chemist)Thomas Burr Osborne (chemist)
TphTph
TransferaseTransferase
Reactive hypoglycemiaReactive hypoglycemia
LeucineLeucine
Monoamine oxidase inhibitorMonoamine oxidase inhibitor
Postprandial somnolencePostprandial somnolence
Quinolinic acidQuinolinic acid
HypertryptophanemiaHypertryptophanemia
ArylformamidaseArylformamidase
ATP-binding cassette transporterATP-binding cassette transporter
Picolinic acidPicolinic acid
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiencySuccinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Chicken as foodChicken as food
HickoryHickory
AlmondAlmond
HydroxylationHydroxylation
Canarium ovatumCanarium ovatum
HempHemp
Protein qualityProtein quality
Spirulina (dietary supplement)Spirulina (dietary supplement)
Tyrosinemia type IITyrosinemia type II
HistidinemiaHistidinemia
Castanea sativaCastanea sativa
Ocular albinismOcular albinism
YolkYolk
CoconutCoconut
AmaranthAmaranth
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
TryptophanTryptophan OxygenaseTryptophan SynthaseTryptophan HydroxylaseKynurenineBromosuccinimideSpectrometry, FluorescenceIndoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-DioxygenaseAnthranilate Synthaseortho-AminobenzoatesAcrylamideXanthurenatesAmino AcidsSerotoninProtein ConformationHydroxyindoleacetic AcidTryptophanase3-Hydroxyanthranilic AcidCircular DichroismAmino Acid SequenceKineticsPhenylalanineEscherichia coliMolecular Sequence DataBinding SitesAnthranilate PhosphoribosyltransferaseSpectrophotometry, UltravioletModels, MolecularFluorescenceTryptophan-tRNA LigaseIndolesProtein BindingKynurenine 3-MonooxygenaseMutationMutagenesis, Site-DirectedFluorescence PolarizationQuinolinic AcidIndole-3-Glycerol-Phosphate SynthaseNiacin5-HydroxytryptophanIndolequinonesAcrylamidesQuinolinic AcidsOperonProtein DenaturationRNA, Transfer, TrpEnergy TransferSkatoleTyrosineProtein Structure, SecondaryPellagraHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBase SequenceRecombinant ProteinsTransaminasesGlycerophosphatesEnzyme RepressionKynurenic AcidBacterial ProteinsAmino Acid Transport SystemsStructure-Activity RelationshipProtein Structure, TertiaryProtein FoldingSpectrophotometryOxidation-ReductionHistidineLiverGuanidineMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyApoproteinsAnilino Naphthalenesulfonates
Tryptophan Is Back On The Market After 19-Year HiatusTryptophan Is Back On The Market After 19-Year Hiatus
Molecular Expressions: The Amino Acid Collection - TryptophanMolecular Expressions: The Amino Acid Collection - Tryptophan
Negative Impact of Hypoxia on Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase FunctionNegative Impact of Hypoxia on Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase Function
Tryptophan deficiencyTryptophan deficiency
Damn you tryptophan!!! - The Psychedelic Experience - Shroomery Message BoardDamn you tryptophan!!! - The Psychedelic Experience - Shroomery Message Board
Tryptophan Biosynthesis (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) - WikiPathwaysTryptophan Biosynthesis (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) - WikiPathways
Effects of low dose tryptophan depletion on emotional processing in dieters.Effects of low dose tryptophan depletion on emotional processing in dieters.
Tryptophan synthase - WikipediaTryptophan synthase - Wikipedia
Tryptophan CatabolismTryptophan Catabolism
Tryptophan 7-halogenase - WikipediaTryptophan 7-halogenase - Wikipedia
tryptophan (CHEBI:27897)tryptophan (CHEBI:27897)
Tryptophan: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaTryptophan: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
L-tryptophan (CHEBI:16828)L-tryptophan (CHEBI:16828)
L-Tryptophan: MedlinePlus SupplementsL-Tryptophan: MedlinePlus Supplements
Erowid Tryptophan VaultErowid Tryptophan Vault
Tryptophan - WikipediaTryptophan - Wikipedia
DanDillLions 7 The Tryptophan-tastic Comedy ShowDanDillLions 7 The Tryptophan-tastic Comedy Show
Platkin: A look at tryptophanPlatkin: A look at tryptophan
Tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase - WikipediaTryptophan dimethylallyltransferase - Wikipedia
Tryptophan, MTH-TMSTryptophan, MTH-TMS
Tryptophan, ethoxycarbonylated, TBDMSTryptophan, ethoxycarbonylated, TBDMS
tryptophan synthetase A protein - Everything2.comtryptophan synthetase A protein - Everything2.com
Tryptophan Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.comTryptophan Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com
Tryptamine from Tryptophan - [www.rhodium.ws]Tryptamine from Tryptophan - [www.rhodium.ws]
RCSB PDB - 3BWN: L-tryptophan aminotransferaseRCSB PDB - 3BWN: L-tryptophan aminotransferase
L-Tryptophan - iHerb.comL-Tryptophan - iHerb.com
Tryptophan - New World EncyclopediaTryptophan - New World Encyclopedia
Tryptophan Fix | Science SignalingTryptophan Fix | Science Signaling
Tryptophan Metabolism in Mice Infected with Schistosoma Mansoni | SpringerLinkTryptophan Metabolism in Mice Infected with Schistosoma Mansoni | SpringerLink
Radical Scavenging Properties of Tryptophan Metabolites | SpringerLinkRadical Scavenging Properties of Tryptophan Metabolites | SpringerLink
Tryptophan (Oral Route) Proper Use - Mayo ClinicTryptophan (Oral Route) Proper Use - Mayo Clinic
Tryptophan-based chromophore in fluorescent proteins can be anionic | Scientific ReportsTryptophan-based chromophore in fluorescent proteins can be anionic | Scientific Reports
Tryptophan: uses & side-effects | PatientsLikeMeTryptophan: uses & side-effects | PatientsLikeMe
L-tryptophan | CignaL-tryptophan | Cigna
TDO2 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBITDO2 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
TryptophanTryptophan OxygenaseTryptophan SynthaseTryptophan HydroxylaseKynurenineBromosuccinimideSpectrometry, FluorescenceIndoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-DioxygenaseAnthranilate Synthaseortho-AminobenzoatesAcrylamideXanthurenatesAmino AcidsSerotoninProtein ConformationHydroxyindoleacetic AcidTryptophanase3-Hydroxyanthranilic AcidCircular DichroismAmino Acid SequenceKineticsPhenylalanineEscherichia coliMolecular Sequence DataBinding SitesAnthranilate PhosphoribosyltransferaseSpectrophotometry, UltravioletModels, MolecularFluorescenceTryptophan-tRNA LigaseIndolesProtein BindingKynurenine 3-MonooxygenaseMutationMutagenesis, Site-DirectedFluorescence PolarizationQuinolinic AcidIndole-3-Glycerol-Phosphate SynthaseNiacin5-HydroxytryptophanIndolequinonesAcrylamidesQuinolinic AcidsOperonProtein DenaturationRNA, Transfer, TrpEnergy TransferSkatoleTyrosineProtein Structure, SecondaryPellagraHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBase SequenceRecombinant ProteinsTransaminasesGlycerophosphatesEnzyme RepressionKynurenic AcidBacterial ProteinsAmino Acid Transport SystemsStructure-Activity RelationshipProtein Structure, TertiaryProtein FoldingSpectrophotometryOxidation-ReductionHistidineLiverGuanidineMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyApoproteinsAnilino Naphthalenesulfonates
AcuteResiduesMetabolismSerotonin levelsAmount of TryptophanCatabolismProteinsMelatoninAbstractPrecursorFluorescenceEnzymesBenefits of tryptophanMoodDietaryPathwaySupplementsInsomniaPeptidesDeficiencyAmino acid tryptophanPlasma tryptophan levelsLiverNiacinAnxietyAddition of tryptophanFormation of tryptophanConsumption of tryptophanDepressionRestfulIntakeMetabolitesProteinDepletion impairsSynthesize tryptophanSupplementFingerprintKynurenine production1989Pathways2020NutritionalNaturallyConcentrationsLevelsEssentialConcentrationDoseProcesses
Acute10
Residues3
  • The assay relies on the ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan residues within a protein that results from changes in the local environment polarity experienced by the tryptophan(s) upon the addition of a binding partner or ligand. (bio-protocol.org)
  • Tryptophan can be selectively excited at 295 nm as there is little absorption by other residues at this wavelength. (bio-protocol.org)
  • Structural changes in the vicinity of tryptophan residues induced by ligand/partner interactions, protein conformational changes, self-association or protein folding/denaturation, can alter the intensity of fluorescence as well as introduce a wavelength shift in the emission spectrum (Möller and Denicola, 2002). (bio-protocol.org)
Metabolism7
  • In our body 60mg of tryptophan gives rise to 1 mg of niacin which is a member of vitamin B complex and is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats as well as in normal functioning of the skin, intestine, and nervous system. (dailyhealthmagazine.com)
  • The overall goal of our research, as outlined in this renewal grant application, is to improve diagnosis and treatment of human brain tumors by exploiting mechanisms related to tumoral abnormalities of tryptophan metabolism. (grantome.com)
  • In Aim 3 we will study mechanisms of tryptophan metabolism in tumor samples obtained from gliomas and common metastatic brain tumors. (grantome.com)
  • The expected results will lead to novel treatment approaches targeting tumoral tryptophan-to-kynurenine metabolism (that could be blocked by specific enzyme inhibitors) and/or modulating AHR-mediated transcription. (grantome.com)
  • In this project, we combine multi-modal imaging (PET and MRI) with tumor tissue assays to exploit processes related to abnormal tumoral tryptophan metabolism in order to address the above issues in primary brain tumors and brain metastases. (grantome.com)
  • 1982). Tryptophan side effects only appeared in those rodents that had received a bypass treatment in their liver, which deranged their tryptophan metabolism. (supplements-and-health.com)
  • However, a similar, albeit short-term, study demonstrated that a comparable dose of L-tryptophan caused liver damage in animals whose metabolism of tryptophan had not been tampered with (Trulson & Sampson, 1986). (supplements-and-health.com)
Serotonin levels5
Amount of Tryptophan3
Catabolism3
Proteins8
Melatonin7
Abstract1
  • abstract = "The photofragmentation of protonated tryptophan has been investigated in a unique experimental setup, in which ion and neutral issued from the photofragmentation are detected in coincidence, in time and in position. (elsevier.com)
Precursor3
Fluorescence4
Enzymes3
  • This process is actively blocked by the fetal tissues by producing enzymes which rapidly uses up tryptophan. (rainbow.coop)
  • Kynurenine can be produced by two key enzymes (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase) and is a recently recognized endogenous ligand for the aryl hyrocarbon receptor (AHR), an important cell-cycle regulator whose activation plays a role in both tumor progression and immune suppression. (grantome.com)
  • Liver enzymes form highly mutagenic L-tryptophan degradation products (e.g., 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole) that cause damage to the liver, including cancer (Nemoto, et al. (supplements-and-health.com)
Benefits of tryptophan2
Mood12
  • Several studies demonstrate that the consumption of tryptophan elevates the levels of serotonin , it favours relaxation , the feeling of well-being, and the mood . (hsnstore.com)
  • One of the major tryptophan benefits is the mood-lifting effect induced by an increase of serotonin - a neurotransmitter- that promotes a feeling of happiness. (vitaminexpress.org)
  • A tryptophan deficiency can cause major mood changes. (vitaminexpress.org)
  • Tryptophan capsules will boost the levels of serotonin within the human body and this will eventually result in happier and mood-lifting feelings: the more serotonin your body absorbs, the more contented you will be. (vitaminexpress.org)
  • By taking a tryptophan supplement you can regulate what your body cannot produce on its own and help lessen the symptoms of depression by improving your mood. (vitaminexpress.org)
  • Tryptophan capsules will help you achieve the level of tryptophan needed to fend off depression and mood-swings that are due to a lack of this amino acid. (vitaminexpress.org)
  • What is L-Tryptophan and How Does it Help the Brain, Mood, and Sleep? (vitanetonline.com)
  • Could tryptophan improve your chances of attaining a better mood, stronger cognitive function and better-quality sleep? (zenbev.com)
  • Tryptophan can help to improve your quality of sleep, encourage a more positive mood, and help to reduce your feelings of stress and worry without the drowsy feeling you can get with prescriptions. (simplynutrition.com)
  • Studies have shown that tryptophan can help to: Improve your quality of sleep, encourage a more positive mood, and help to reduce your feelings of stress and worry. (simplynutrition.com)
  • Tryptophan or L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid that favors a good mood and helps the body to produce certain hormones in a natural way. (hsnstore.eu)
  • When we take tryptophan, the organism transforms it into serotonin, which is the neurotransmitter in charge of controlling the mood. (hsnstore.eu)
Dietary5
Pathway3
Supplements6
Insomnia3
Peptides3
Deficiency3
  • A lack or deficiency of l-tryptophan can lead to endless, sleepless nights. (vitaminexpress.org)
  • Tryptophan gets converted to nicotinamide, and gets hampered in case there is vitamin B6 deficiency. (moxietoday.com)
  • For more detailed data on the alleged effectiveness of supplemental tryptophan for so-called "serotonin deficiency symptoms", such as depression and sleep disturbances, refer to my piece "Tryptophan For Sleep: One Of The Good Natural Sleeping Aids? (supplements-and-health.com)
Amino acid tryptophan2
Plasma tryptophan levels1
Liver2
  • A long-term animal study, using a relatively modest dose of L-tryptophan (roughly the human equivalent of 1.5-3 g per day, which is a common supplemental dose), didn't lead to tryptophan side effects such as morphological changes to the liver in healthy animals (Bucci, et al. (supplements-and-health.com)
  • Other studies on animals, however, raised more pragmatic concerns about tryptophan and liver function. (supplements-and-health.com)
Niacin3
Anxiety5
  • Tryptophan from Prisma Natural has elements that act by causing the person to decrease the anxiety that can be caused by the daily routine. (masmusculo.com)
  • L-tryptophan is an amino acid which we use to form serotonin, the neurotransmitter that makes us calm and relaxed, and which is responsible for regulating our moods, anger, stress, anxiety, appetite, libido and body temperature, among many other processes. (anamarialajusticiausa.com)
  • It can also be taken at exam time to help with lack of concentration and in slimming diets, because tryptophan with magnesium + vitamin B6 considerably reduces anxiety and therefore the urge to snack. (anamarialajusticiausa.com)
  • 5), probable antenatal depression (EPDS ≥ 15) and probable anxiety (STAI-state ≥ 41) were calculated adjusting for covariates.RESULTS: Mean plasma tryptophan concentrations was 48.0µmol/L (SD: 8.09). (mcgill.ca)
  • No associations were observed between tryptophan concentrations during pregnancy and postnatal sleep quality or mental well-being.LIMITATION: Subjective measures were used to assess sleep and mental well-being.CONCLUSIONS: We observed that higher plasma tryptophan concentrations were associated with a 12% lower prevalence of poor sleep quality during pregnancy, in particular among those with anxiety symptoms. (mcgill.ca)
Addition of tryptophan1
  • The addition of tryptophan to a stationary phase BW25113 culture leads to further indole synthesis.Stationary phase (24 hours) BW25113 cells were incubated with no additional tryptophan or 2 mM tryptophan added every subsequent 24 hours (arrows indicate times of addition). (nih.gov)
Formation of tryptophan2
Consumption of tryptophan2
  • Memory, in particular, is a function of the brain that has shown notable improvement with the consumption of tryptophan. (zenbev.com)
  • Another facet of mental health, emotional wellbeing, is also believed to be improved by increased consumption of tryptophan-heavy foods. (zenbev.com)
Depression3
Restful2
  • You may find that tryptophan capsules are all you need to regulate your night sleeping habits and give you the restful sleep you have been missing. (vitaminexpress.org)
  • Moreover, tryptophan also provides a restful and healthy sleep. (hsnstore.eu)
Intake4
  • There are many health benefits connected with the intake of tryptophan, otherwise known as L-Tryptophan. (vitaminexpress.org)
  • Studies have shown that the intake of tryptophan benefits anyone suffering from sleep disorders. (vitaminexpress.org)
  • Not only does Life Extension® Optimized Tryptophan Plus give your body the optimal intake of tryptophan itself, but it will also give you a balanced supply of other nutrients found to help maintain tryptophan activity in the body. (simplynutrition.com)
  • The result of Trial 1 showed that the feed intake, performance, and carcass characteristics were not influenced by tryptophan content in the diet which between 0.198% and 0.258% (p>0.05). (ajas.info)
Metabolites1
Protein4
  • Below are the list of possible Tryptophan-rich sensory protein products. (mybiosource.com)
  • Also known as Tryptophan-rich sensory protein (TSPO) (Translocator protein TspO) (TspO regulatory protein). (mybiosource.com)
  • By using single tryptophan protein phosphorescence, we follow site-specific internal protein dynamics over a broad temperature range and demonstrate three independent dynamic processes. (elsevier.com)
  • L-Tryptophan is a natural anti-depressant, plentiful in protein foods but largely lost through cooking and processing. (health-mall.in)
Depletion impairs1
Synthesize tryptophan2
  • Plants and microorganisms commonly synthesize tryptophan from shikimic acid or anthranilate. (health-mall.in)
  • Subsequent bioinformatic and biological analyses reveal that yeast unable to synthesize tryptophan are especially sensitive to the presence of SDS. (jofsr.org)
Supplement8
Fingerprint1
  • Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Comprehensive characterization of the photodissociation pathways of protonated tryptophan. (elsevier.com)
Kynurenine production1
  • Culture of splenic T cells or purified CD8 + T cells with IDO + DCs, or with LT and kynurenines, results in selective CD3ζ down-regulation that is concomitant with tryptophan consumption and kynurenine production and is mediated by GCN2. (jimmunol.org)
19891
  • Very high doses of L-tryptophan, over 10g -or even 30g- per day, had been used by some people during the 1980s as the tryptophan tragedy of 1989 had uncovered (Crist, 2005). (supplements-and-health.com)
Pathways1
  • Comprehensive characterization of the photodissociation pathways of protonated tryptophan. (elsevier.com)
20201
  • 2020. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/110127/all/L_tryptophan. (unboundmedicine.com)
Nutritional1
  • Tryptophan is the nutritional social worker in our body who helps everyone else but risks getting worn out and depleted in the process. (zenbev.com)
Naturally2
Concentrations6
Levels8
Essential11
Concentration3
Dose3
Processes1
  • Life Extension® Optimized Tryptophan Plus contains premium L-tryptophan which has undergone significantly more rigorous manufacturing processes than regular tryptophan material, to assure the highest purity and safety. (simplynutrition.com)
Molecular Expressions: The Amino Acid Collection - Tryptophan
Molecular Expressions: The Amino Acid Collection - Tryptophan (micro.magnet.fsu.edu)
Tryptophan Is Back On The Market After 19-Year Hiatus
Tryptophan Is Back On The Market After 19-Year Hiatus (prweb.com)
Tryptophan | Organic Facts
Tryptophan | Organic Facts (organicfacts.net)
Algorithms | Free Full-Text | Algorithm for the Analysis of Tryptophan Fluorescence Spectra and Their Correlation with Protein...
Algorithms | Free Full-Text | Algorithm for the Analysis of Tryptophan Fluorescence Spectra and Their Correlation with Protein... (mdpi.com)
L-Tryptophan Supplements - eVitamins Australia
L-Tryptophan Supplements - eVitamins Australia (evitamins.com)
HEPATAMINE (isoleucine, leucine, lysine acetate, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, alani injection,...
HEPATAMINE (isoleucine, leucine, lysine acetate, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, alani injection,... (healthgrades.com)
7-Benzyloxy-DL-tryptophan | C18H18N2O3 - PubChem
7-Benzyloxy-DL-tryptophan | C18H18N2O3 - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
L-tryptophan epitope - Immune Epitope Database (IEDB)
L-tryptophan epitope - Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) (iedb.org)
4-Chlorobenzoyl-L-tryptophan calcium salt | VWR
4-Chlorobenzoyl-L-tryptophan calcium salt | VWR (us.vwr.com)
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14-3-3 eta, Protein AS1, Tyrosine 3 monooxygenase/tryptophan 5 monooxygenase activation protein eta protein or YWHA 1 Antibody (neuromics.com)
Buffet Rule Explained - YouTube
Buffet Rule Explained - YouTube (youtube.com)
Inherent flexibility of CLIC6 revealed by crystallographic and solution studies | Scientific Reports
Inherent flexibility of CLIC6 revealed by crystallographic and solution studies | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
Tryptophan (CHEBI:27897)
Tryptophan (CHEBI:27897) (ebi.ac.uk)
Paxil (Paroxetine Hydrochloride): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses
Paxil (Paroxetine Hydrochloride): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses (rxlist.com)
Tryptophan | Dr. Taz Bhatia MD
Tryptophan | Dr. Taz Bhatia MD (doctortaz.com)
Senior Living: Getting a good night's sleep
Senior Living: Getting a good night's sleep (presstelegram.com)
Genes | Free Full-Text | Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Male and Female Conelets and Development of Microsatellite...
Genes | Free Full-Text | Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Male and Female Conelets and Development of Microsatellite... (mdpi.com)
8 Nutrients You Need for Better Sleep - Yoga Journal
8 Nutrients You Need for Better Sleep - Yoga Journal (yogajournal.com)
Tryptophan pill Archives - Best Supplements Reviews
Tryptophan pill Archives - Best Supplements Reviews (highintensitysupplements.com)
Sleep Disorders: Foods That Help Sleep or Keep You Awake
Sleep Disorders: Foods That Help Sleep or Keep You Awake (medicinenet.com)
Tryptophan (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic
Tryptophan (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic (mayoclinic.org)
RCSB PDB - 3BWN: L-tryptophan aminotransferase
RCSB PDB - 3BWN: L-tryptophan aminotransferase (rcsb.org)
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Unwanted 72 with price, L-tryptophan buy (penniesandsomepaint.com)
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Casino winner slot machine, L-tryptophan buy (evergripclamp.com)
Frontiers | Nutrient and Metabolic Sensing in T Cell Responses | Immunology
Frontiers | Nutrient and Metabolic Sensing in T Cell Responses | Immunology (frontiersin.org)
Late-Night Snack to Help Sleep | Livestrong.com
Late-Night Snack to Help Sleep | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
PAROXETINE TABLETS USP, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg7114711571167121Rx only
PAROXETINE TABLETS USP, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg7114711571167121Rx only (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
Can I Take Lexapro & Vitamin Supplements? | Livestrong.com
Can I Take Lexapro & Vitamin Supplements? | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
Tryptophan - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tryptophan - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (simple.wikipedia.org)
What are some the best nootropic supplements out there? We've listed 5 of the safest (and most natural) ones - NaturalNews.com
What are some the best nootropic supplements out there? We've listed 5 of the safest (and most natural) ones - NaturalNews.com (naturalnews.com)
Kinds of Foods to Avoid While Taking Prozac | Livestrong.com
Kinds of Foods to Avoid While Taking Prozac | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
A-Z Drug Index for Prescription and OTC Medications - Alphabet T
A-Z Drug Index for Prescription and OTC Medications - Alphabet T (medindia.net)
Thanksgiving Mystery: Does Turkey Make You Sleepy?
Thanksgiving Mystery: Does Turkey Make You Sleepy? (nationalgeographic.com)