Tritium. Medical search

A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

Radioactive substances which act as pollutants. They include chemicals whose radiation is released via radioactive waste, nuclear accidents, fallout from nuclear explosions, and the like.

Science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on and below the earth's surface, and atmosphere.

A class of inorganic or organic compounds that contain the borohydride (BH4-) anion.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Pollutants, present in water or bodies of water, which exhibit radioactivity.

Facilities that convert NUCLEAR ENERGY into electrical energy.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

The excretory duct of the testes that carries SPERMATOZOA. It rises from the SCROTUM and joins the SEMINAL VESICLES to form the ejaculatory duct.

Deuterium. The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.

Pollutants, present in soil, which exhibit radioactivity.

Detection and counting of scintillations produced in a fluorescent material by ionizing radiation.

The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Devices containing fissionable material in sufficient quantity and so arranged as to be capable of maintaining a controlled, self-sustaining NUCLEAR FISSION chain reaction. They are also known as atomic piles, atomic reactors, fission reactors, and nuclear piles, although such names are deprecated. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Derivatives of the saturated steroid cholestane with methyl groups at C-18 and C-19 and an iso-octyl side chain at C-17.

A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.

Liquid water present beneath the surface of the earth.

Steroid derivatives formed by oxidation of a methyl group on the side chain or a methylene group in the ring skeleton to form a ketone.

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that include a double bond between carbon 2 and 3 of the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Transmitter receptors on or near presynaptic terminals (or varicosities) which are sensitive to the transmitter(s) released by the terminal itself. Receptors for the hormones released by hormone-releasing cells are also included.

A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria whose cells occur singly, in pairs or short chains, in V or Y configurations, or in clumps resembling letters of the Chinese alphabet. Its organisms are found in cheese and dairy products as well as on human skin and can occasionally cause soft tissue infections.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

High energy POSITRONS or ELECTRONS ejected from a disintegrating atomic nucleus.

One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors that were originally defined by the relative potencies of various adrenergic compounds. The alpha receptors were initially described as excitatory receptors that post-junctionally stimulate SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction. However, further analysis has revealed a more complex picture involving several alpha receptor subtypes and their involvement in feedback regulation.

An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.

A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.

The two types of spaces between which water and other body fluids are distributed: extracellular and intracellular.

A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.

A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors found on both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes where they signal through Gi-Go G-PROTEINS. While postsynaptic alpha-2 receptors play a traditional role in mediating the effects of ADRENERGIC AGONISTS, the subset of alpha-2 receptors found on presynaptic membranes signal the feedback inhibition of NEUROTRANSMITTER release.

Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.

A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.

Unstable isotopes of cobalt that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Co atoms with atomic weights of 54-64, except 59, are radioactive cobalt isotopes.

Nerve fibers liberating catecholamines at a synapse after an impulse.

Cell-surface proteins that bind epinephrine and/or norepinephrine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes. The two major classes of adrenergic receptors, alpha and beta, were originally discriminated based on their cellular actions but now are distinguished by their relative affinity for characteristic synthetic ligands. Adrenergic receptors may also be classified according to the subtypes of G-proteins with which they bind; this scheme does not respect the alpha-beta distinction.

Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A group of uridine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each uridine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

The vein which drains the foot and leg.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.

An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.

This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES) that are important in steroid biosynthesis and metabolism.

A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.

Substances used for their pharmacological actions on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.

The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.

Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.

An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and dUMP to dihydrofolate and dTMP in the synthesis of thymidine triphosphate. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.1.1.45.

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Steroids and hematopoiesis. III. The response of granulocytic and erythroid colony-forming cells to steroids of different classes. (1/10387)

Selected androgenic and nonandrogenic steroids enhance in vitro granulocytic and erythroid colony formation by mouse marrow cells, but do so by influencing either different target cells or cells in different states of cell cycle. Etiocholanolone, a naturally occurring nonandrogenic testosterone metabolite, permits cells not in active cycle to respond to colony-stimulating factor or erythropoietin. Fluoxymesterone, a synthetic androgen, appears to enhance colony growth by increasing the responsiveness of target cells to tropic stimuli. The majority of cells responding to this androgen are in active DNA synthesis. Direct comparison, however, of etiocholanolone-dependent erythroid or granulocytic colony-forming cells demonstrates nonidentity of the target cells. Thus colony-forming units responding to different classes of steroids are in different states of cell cycle and are physically separable. The enhancement of the in vitro response of colony-forming cells to regulating hormones by steroids such as etiocholanolane suggests a mechanism by which such agents may be therapeutically effective in certain cases of marrow failure in man. (+info)

Ambiguity of the thymidine index. (2/10387)

The observed thymidine indices of seven experimental tumor lines are compared as a function of duration of emulsion exposure. The effects of dose level of tritiated thymidine and background threshold are also evaluated. The results indicate that an arbitrary high background threshold discriminates against "lightly" labeled cells at short periods of exposure but that the chosen threshold becomes less critical with longer exposure. The observed thymidine index increases with increasing duration of emulsion exposure but appears to approach a plateau for all tumor systems. The "thymidine index curves" are significantly different for each tumor. There is an inverse relationship between the dose of tritiated thymidine and the duration of exposure required to recognize the same fraction of cells as labeled in a given tumor. Similar experimental conditions do not necessarily guarantee a valid basis for comparison of observed thymidine indices among tumors. (+info)

Energy depletion differently affects membrane transport and intracellular metabolism of riboflavin taken up by isolated rat enterocytes. (3/10387)

Isolated rat enterocytes, both normal and those de-energized with rotenone, were used to study the energy dependence of membrane and intracellular intestinal riboflavin transport in vitro. Membrane and intracellular transport were investigated by using short (3 min) and long (20 min) incubation times, respectively. For both types of cells and incubation times, [3H]-riboflavin uptake presented a saturable component prevailing at physiologic intraluminal concentrations. At 3 min incubation, saturable [3H]-riboflavin transport was apparently an energy-independent process with high affinity and low capacity. Values of the saturable component and its apparent constants, Km and Jmax, did not differ in normal and de-energized enterocytes. At 20 min incubation, saturable [3H]-riboflavin transport was a strictly energy-dependent process in which values of the saturable component were significantly greater in normal than in de-energized enterocytes. Km values did not differ in the two types of cells and were unmodified over 3 min, whereas in normal enterocytes, Jmax at 20 min [6.25 +/- 0.2 pmol/(mg protein. 20 min)] was significantly greater than at 3 min [2.67 +/- 0.33 pmol/(mg protein. 3 min)] and compared with de-energized enterocytes at 20 min [2.54 +/- 0.16 pmol/(mg protein. 20 min)]. Both membrane and intracellular events were inhibited by unlabeled riboflavin and analogs, which are good substrates for flavokinase, thus demonstrating the paramount role of this enzyme in riboflavin intestinal transport. (+info)

(S)-(-)-Cotinine, the major brain metabolite of nicotine, stimulates nicotinic receptors to evoke [3H]dopamine release from rat striatal slices in a calcium-dependent manner. (4/10387)

Cotinine, a major peripheral metabolite of nicotine, has recently been shown to be the most abundant metabolite in rat brain after peripheral nicotine administration. However, little attention has been focused on the contribution of cotinine to the pharmacological effects of nicotine exposure in either animals or humans. The present study determined the concentration-response relationship for (S)-(-)-cotinine-evoked 3H overflow from superfused rat striatal slices preloaded with [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) and whether this response was mediated by nicotinic receptor stimulation. (S)-(-)-Cotinine (1 microM to 3 mM) evoked 3H overflow from [3H]DA-preloaded rat striatal slices in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 30 microM, indicating a lower potency than either (S)-(-)-nicotine or the active nicotine metabolite, (S)-(-)-nornicotine. As reported for (S)-(-)-nicotine and (S)-(-)-nornicotine, desensitization to the effect of (S)-(-)-cotinine was observed. The classic nicotinic receptor antagonists mecamylamine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine inhibited the response to (S)-(-)-cotinine (1-100 microM). Additionally, 3H overflow evoked by (S)-(-)-cotinine (10-1000 microM) was inhibited by superfusion with a low calcium buffer. Interestingly, over the same concentration range, (S)-(-)-cotinine did not inhibit [3H]DA uptake into striatal synaptosomes. These results demonstrate that (S)-(-)-cotinine, a constituent of tobacco products and the major metabolite of nicotine, stimulates nicotinic receptors to evoke the release of DA in a calcium-dependent manner from superfused rat striatal slices. Thus, (S)-(-)-cotinine likely contributes to the neuropharmacological effects of nicotine and tobacco use. (+info)

[3H]gemcitabine uptake by nucleoside transporters in a human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line. (5/10387)

Cellular uptake of many chemotherapeutic nucleoside analogs is dependent on the activity of a family of nucleoside transport proteins located in the cell plasma membrane. In the present study, we examined the role of these transporters in the accumulation of gemcitabine by a human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line. The uptake of [3H]gemcitibine was compared with that of [3H]uridine and [3H]formycin B in the parent cell line (HN-5a) and in a gemcitabine-resistant variant (GEM-8e). The HN-5a and GEM-8e cells were similar in their transport characteristics and expressed predominantly the es (equilibrative, inhibitor-sensitive) transporter subtype; less than 10% of the influx of [3H]formycin B or [3H]uridine was mediated by the ei (equilibrative inhibitor-resistant) system, and there was no evidence for Na+-dependent nucleoside transporters. [3H]Gemcitabine (10 microM) entered these cells via both the es and ei transporters with an initial rate of uptake similar to that seen with the use of [3H]formycin B or [3H]uridine. In addition, ATP-replete cells accumulated significantly less [3H]gemcitabine than did ATP-depleted cells, which is indicative of an active efflux mechanism for gemcitabine. These results show that gemcitabine is a substrate for both the es and ei nucleoside transporters of HN-5a and GEM-8e cells and that gemcitabine resistance of the GEM-8e cells cannot be attributed to changes in transporter activity. Further studies to define the characteristics of the putative efflux mechanism are clearly warranted because this system has the potential to significantly affect the clinical efficacy of gemcitabine. (+info)

Age-related reductions in [3H]WIN 35,428 binding to the dopamine transporter in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic brain regions of the fischer 344 rat. (6/10387)

In the present study, we used the potent cocaine analog [3H]WIN 35, 428 to map and quantify binding to the dopamine transporter (DAT) within the dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area in young (6-month-old), middle-aged (12-month-old), and aged (18- and 24-month-old) Fischer 344 rats. Quantitative autoradiographic analysis of indirect [3H]WIN 35,428 saturation curves revealed two-site binding for all four brain regions in every age group. The percentage of binding to the high- or low-affinity sites did not differ with age or region and was approximately 50%. However, significant age-related decreases in the overall density (Bmax) of [3H]WIN 35,428-binding sites were observed in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area. The Bmax within all brain regions declined by more than 15% every 6 months, with the Bmax in the aged (24-month-old) group being approximately half that measured in the young adult (6-month-old) group. Competition experiments indicated that nomifensine also exhibited two-site binding to the DAT in Fischer 344 rats. No consistent age-related differences in binding affinities were noted with either [3H]WIN 35,428 or nomifensine. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that functional DATs within the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic systems are down-regulated with age, without changing their affinity for ligands. (+info)

Redundant systems of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis via acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (7/10387)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lipid particles harbor two acyltransferases, Gat1p and Slc1p, which catalyze subsequent steps of acylation required for the formation of phosphatidic acid. Both enzymes are also components of the endoplasmic reticulum, but this compartment contains additional acyltransferase(s) involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid (K. Athenstaedt and G. Daum, J. Bacteriol. 179:7611-7616, 1997). Using the gat1 mutant strain TTA1, we show here that Gat1p present in both subcellular fractions accepts glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate as a substrate. Similarly, the additional acyltransferase(s) present in the endoplasmic reticulum can acylate both precursors. In contrast, yeast mitochondria harbor an enzyme(s) that significantly prefers dihydroxyacetone phosphate as a substrate for acylation, suggesting that at least one additional independent acyltransferase is present in this organelle. Surprisingly, enzymatic activity of 1-acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase, which is required for the conversion of 1-acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate to 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid), is detectable only in lipid particles and the endoplasmic reticulum and not in mitochondria. In vivo labeling of wild-type cells with [2-3H, U-14C]glycerol revealed that both glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be incorporated as a backbone of glycerolipids. In the gat1 mutant and the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase slc1 mutant, the dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathway of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis is slightly preferred as compared to the wild type. Thus, mutations of the major acyltransferases Gat1p and Slc1p lead to an increased contribution of mitochondrial acyltransferase(s) to glycerolipid synthesis due to their substrate preference for dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (+info)

Homologous regulation of the alpha2C-adrenoceptor subtype in human hepatocarcinoma, HepG2. (8/10387)

1. Previous studies of the regulation of the alpha2C-adrenoceptor in OK and in transfected cells have led to discrepant conclusions. In the present work, we examined the homologous regulation of the human alpha2C-adrenoceptor in the hepatocarcinoma cell-line, HepG2; a model which expresses this subtype spontaneously. 2. Short-period treatment of the cells with UK14304 provoked neither a diminution of the potency of the alpha2-agonist to inhibit forskolin-induced cyclic AMP-accumulation nor a change in the degree of receptor coupling to G-proteins. 3. Long-period exposure to UK14304 resulted in a large reduction of [3H]MK912 binding sites (55% decrease). The action of UK14304 was dose-dependent (EC50 = 190 +/- 45 nM), rapid (t1/2 = 4.2 h) and reversible. Receptor down-regulation was also observed with clonidine or (-)adrenaline (38 and 36% decrease, respectively) and was blocked by the addition of alpha2-antagonists. 4. Conversely to that observed with alpha2-agonists, treatment of the cells with RX821002 or yohimbine alone, but not with phentolamine, promoted a significant increase of the receptor expression. 5. The observed alterations of receptor density are not the reflection of changes at the alpha2C4 mRNA level. Estimation of the receptor protein turnover and measurement of its half-life demonstrated that down-regulation by alpha2-agonists and up-regulation by alpha2-antagonists, with inverse-agonist efficacy, are respectively the consequence of increased and decreased rate of receptor degradation. 6. In conclusion, our data show that alpha2C-adrenoceptor does not undergo desensitization but is down-regulated in HepG2. The lack of desensitization agrees with previous results obtained in cells transfected with the alpha2C4 gene, but not with observations made in OK cells. Inversely, down-regulation fits with results obtained in OK but not in transfected cells. The reasons for these discrepancies are discussed. Our results also demonstrated that certain alpha2-antagonists behave as inverse agonist on the HepG2 model and thus provide for the first time evidence of inverse efficacy of antagonists on a cellular model expressing physiological level of a wild-type alpha2-adrenoceptor. (+info)

Small amounts of tritium are produced naturally by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric gases; tritium has also been ... except for deuterium and tritium. The symbols D and T (instead of 2 H and 3 H) are sometimes used for deuterium and tritium, ... Tritium (hydrogen-3), produced in nuclear reactors, is used in the production of hydrogen bombs, as an isotopic label in the ... Tritium has also been used in chemical and biological labeling experiments as a radiolabel. Unique among the elements, distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen

"Tritium". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-02-14. Yaws, Carl L. (2015). The Yaws Handbook of Physical Properties for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gases

Lithium-6 produces tritium via (n,t) reactions with moderated neutrons, while Lithium-7 produces tritium via interactions with ... "Tritium Breeding". Retrieved 2 April 2021. Arnoux, Robert. "Tritium: Changing Lead Into Gold". ITER Mag 14. St. Paul-lez- ... ITER will use a deuterium-tritium fuel, and while deuterium is abundant in nature, tritium is much rarer because it is a ... However, ITER will be testing tritium breeding blanket technology that would allow the fusion process to create its own tritium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITER

Campbell, J.A (1983). "44.4.1. Tritium" (Web). In Riley, J.P; Chester, R (eds.). Chemical Oceanography. 8. New York: Academic ... The treatment applied to tritium (shielded by air produces almost no external radiation exposure, but its incorporation in ... In ocean waters, the presence of tritium (3H), cesium-137 (137Cs), strontium-90 (90Sr), plutonium-239 (239Pu) and plutonium-240 ... it is very useful for the treatment of tritium, because it exploits plants' ability to transpire enormous amounts of water. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioremediation_of_radioactive_waste

He is also a Special Advisor at Tritium Partners and Anzu Industrial Capital Partners. In 2016, Nicol was selected to direct ... "Executives & Advisors". Tritium Partners, LLC. Retrieved 2020-12-14. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Michael, David ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Nicol

... tritium; Proto-Isaiah, Deutero-Isaiah. Numbers beyond three are rare; those beyond four are obscure. The first twelve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_numeral

On 30 September, Falco scored his first goal for Lecce in the 47th minute of a 2-0 home win over Tritium. On 14 October he ... On 11 December, Falco scored his third goal in the 18th minute of a 1-1 away draw against Tritium. The team finished 16th and ... "Tritium vs. Pavia". uk.soccerway.com. 11 December 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2018. "Italy - F. Falco - Profile with news, career ... Tritium". uk.soccerway.com. 30 September 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2018. "Lecce vs. Virtus Entella". uk.soccerway.com. 14 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Falco

5 del 19/7/2012". tritium1908.it (in Italian). Tritium Calcio 1908. 20 July 2012. Archived from the original on 11 September ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012–13_A.C._Milan_season

... tritium, and transuranics. During the 1970s, the pond was backfilled with clay and shale, and finally capped with asphalt. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_pond

"ARRIVA A TREZZO SIMONE MAGNAGHI" (in Italian). Tritium Calcio 1908. 30 January 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13. ... Retrieved 17 April 2012.[permanent dead link] "I convocati per Spal-Tritium" (in Italian). SPAL 1907. 28 January 2012. Archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_football_transfers_winter_2011–12

"Tritium, per l'attacco ecco Daniele Fioretti". Tutto Lega Pro (in Italian). Tutto Mercato Web Network. 13 July 2012. Retrieved ... 5 DEL 19/7/2012" (in Italian). Tritium Calcio 1908. 19 July 2012. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 8 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_football_transfers_summer_2012_(July)

In July 2012 he was loaned to the third division club Tritium. On 9 January 2013 he left for the fourth division club Borgo-a- ... "Tritium, per l'attacco ecco Daniele Fioretti". Tutto Lega Pro (in Italian). Tutto Mercato Web Network. 13 July 2012. Retrieved ... Maglieri, Claudio (9 January 2013). "Comunicato n.48" (Google cache) (in Italian). Tritium Calcio 1908. Retrieved 2 August 2013 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniele_Fioretti

On 19 July 2012, Chinellato joined Prima Divisione side Tritium on a loan deal. On 27 July 2013, Chinellato signed for Seconda ... 5 del 19/7/2012". tritium1908.it (in Italian). Tritium Calcio 1908. 20 July 2012. Archived from the original on 11 September ... Riccardo Casali (20 July 2012). "Ufficiale: Chinellato alla Tritium". milannews.it (in Italian). Retrieved 20 July 2012. "Dal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Chinellato

"E.Viareggio-Tritium 1-1 21/11/12" (in Italian). Tritium Calcio 1908. 21 November 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2013. "Coppa Italia ... After graduating in Atalanta's youth system, Magnaghi was loaned to Tritium, along with several teammates.[citation needed] In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Magnaghi

CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "E.Viareggio-Tritium 1-1 21/11/12" (in Italian). Tritium Calcio 1908. 21 November 2012 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Giovinco

"Tritium vicina a T.Arrigoni" (in Italian). Tritium Calcio 1908. ca. July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013. Check date values in: , ... On 16 August 2012 Arrigoni left for Tritium in temporary deal. On 24 January 2013 he was re-called from Trezzo sull'Adda. and ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Tommaso Arrigoni rientra dal prestito al Tritium" (in Italian). AC Cesena. 24 January ... http://www.cesenacalcio.it/index.php?mod=scheda&id=37 "Tommaso Arrigoni in prestito al Tritium" (in Italian). AC Cesena. 16 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Arrigoni

They measured the magnetic moment of both tritium and helium-3, and Novick measured the half-life of tritium. In 1947, Novick ... studying the properties of tritium, an important component in nuclear weapons. Tritium could be manufactured in nuclear ... Novick, Aaron (May 24, 1947). Half-life of Tritium. Oak Ridge, Tennessee: United States Atomic Energy Commission. OCLC ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Novick, Aaron (November 1947). "Half-Life of Tritium". Physical Review. 72 (10): 972. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Novick

... tritium-filled glass tubes coated with a radioluminescent phosphor) and solar cells. One design featuring 14 22.5x3mm tritium ... "Make a Tritium Nuclear Battery or Radioisotope Photovoltaic Generator". instructables.com. Retrieved 2020-09-01. G. Heaton. " ... "Tritium Nuclear Battery (Betaphotovoltaic)". hackaday.io. Retrieved 2020-09-01. Poole, Nick. "Nuclear Battery Assembly Guide". ... As simple betaphotovoltaic nuclear battery can be constructed from readily-available tritium vials ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optoelectric_nuclear_battery

LIFE, by virtue of the tiny amount of fuel in any one pellet, can begin operations with much less tritium, on the order of 1⁄10 ... However, the Li-6 reaction only produces one tritium per neutron captured, and more than one T per neutron is needed to make up ... One less obvious advantage to the LIFE concept is that the amount of tritium required to start the system up is greatly reduced ... In most fusion energy designs, fusion neutrons react with a blanket of lithium to breed new tritium for fuel. A major issue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_Inertial_Fusion_Energy

... tritium knives, and other tritium light source integration services. The company provides development assistance in tritium ( ... The company provides Cammenga assists with tritium product design, NRC approval processing, tritium installation, and product ... Cammenga's primary production plant includes a clean room environment for the assembly and testing of tritium products and ... This includes an overall inherent accuracy standard of ±40 mils (2.25 degrees) from actual magnetic azimuth; a tritium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cammenga

Trace amounts are also produced by the beta decay of tritium. Rocks from the Earth's crust have isotope ratios varying by as ... Novick, Aaron (1947). "Half-Life of Tritium". Physical Review. 72 (10): 972. Bibcode:1947PhRv...72..972N. doi:10.1103/PhysRev. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium

CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) LaSerieD.com Profile (in Italian) Tritium Profile (in Italian) Football.it Profile (in ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "UFFICIALE: Tritium, acquistato Floriano". TMW (in Italian). 15 July 2010. Retrieved 7 ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "OPERAZIONE DI MERCATO". Tritium Calcio (in Italian). 26 January 2012. Retrieved 13 ... In July 2010 he was signed by 2010 Serie D Group B champion Tritium. He played 23 times in 2010-11 Lega Pro Seconda Divisione ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Floriano

Today's tritium concentration is instead governed by nuclear reactions and cosmic rays. The radioactive beta decay of tritium ... However, tritium's radioactivity discouraged many studies of T-NMR. While tritium radioactivity discourages use in spectroscopy ... Modern tritium cannot be explained by Big Bang nucleosynthesis because of tritium's short half-life of 12.3 years. ... Tritium is a byproduct in reactors, a result of hitting lithium-6 with neutrons, producing almost 5 MeV of energy. 6 L i + n ⟶ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_isotope_biogeochemistry

... are needed for blanket and Tritium breeder operation. Tritium is not a naturally abundant isotope due to its short half-life, ... Self-sufficiency of tritium production. Availability of materials. Design and fabrication of the PFC. Safety in waste disposal ... Limited tritium codeposition and sequestration. Stable thermomechanical properties under operation. Limited number of negative ... Current reactor designs are fueled by deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion reactions, which produce high-energy neutrons that can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma-facing_material

... burning deuterium-tritium fuel. NSTX produced a spherical plasma with a hole through its center (a "cored apple" profile; see ... produced a world-record 10.7 megawatts of fusion power from a plasma composed of equal parts of deuterium and tritium, a fuel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Spherical_Torus_Experiment

Groundwater Contamination (Tritium) at Nuclear Plants. EPA "Tritium in drinking water". nuclearsafety.gc.ca. Canadian Nuclear ... Tritium can be contained in water released from a nuclear plant. The primary concern for tritium release is the presence in ... Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that emits a low-energy beta particle and is usually measured in becquerels (i.e. ... Tritium, the mass 3 isotope of hydrogen is deliberately created for thermonuclear weapons use, at government-owned reactors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_nuclear_power

A third important nuclear reaction is the one that creates tritium, essential to the type of fusion used in weapons. Tritium, ... and form tritium during detonation. This approach reduces the amount of tritium-based fuel in a weapon. The fission of one ... For this reason, tritium is included in nuclear weapon components only when it causes more fission than its production ... The tritium, the fusion yield, the neutrons, and the fission yield were all increased accordingly. As noted above, Bravo's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design

Trace amounts of tritium occur naturally because of the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric gases. Tritium has also ... It has been synthesised in the laboratory by bombarding tritium with fast-moving tritium nuclei. In this experiment, one ... isotope is tritium. The symbols D and T are sometimes used for deuterium and tritium. The IUPAC accepts the D and T symbols, ... Tritium was once used routinely in chemical and biological labeling experiments as a radiolabel, which has become less common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen

Operation of the MSRE provided insights into the problem of tritium in a molten-salt reactor. It was observed that about 6-10% ... The fact that these fractions were not higher, indicated that something partially negated the transfer of tritium through hot ... R.B. Briggs (Winter 1971-1972). "Tritium in Molten-Salt Reactors". Reactor Technology. 14: 335-342. Keiser, J.R. (1977), Status ... In the concluding months of operation, xenon stripping, deposition of fission products, and tritium behavior were investigated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molten-Salt_Reactor_Experiment

The helium hydride ion is formed during the decay of tritium in the molecule HT or tritium molecule T2. Although excited by the ... Decay of tritium to 3He+ followed by its extraction of a hydrogen atom yields 3HeH+ which is then surrounded by the organic ... The first three are generated by radioactive decay of tritium in the molecules HT = 1 H3 H, DT = 2 H3 H, and T 2 = 3 H 2, ... The claim was disputed, and several other groups set out to check it by studying the decay of molecular tritium T 2. It was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_hydride_ion

Tritium has an atomic mass of 3.0160492 u. Diatomic tritium ( T 2 or 3 H 2) is a gas at standard temperature and pressure. ... Tritium is most often produced in nuclear reactors by neutron activation of lithium-6. The release and diffusion of tritium and ... This identified that the March 2016 holding of tritium on-site was 760 TBq (equivalent to 2.1 g of tritium or 14 mL of pure ... One mole of deuterium-tritium gas would contain about 3.0 grams of tritium and 2.0 grams of deuterium. In comparison, the 20 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium

Tritium radioluminescence is the use of gaseous tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, to create visible light. Tritium ... since the tritium undergoes beta decay). The tritium in a gaseous tritium light source undergoes beta decay, releasing ... Tritium lights or beta lights were formerly[when?] used in fishing lures. Some flashlights have slots for tritium vials so that ... Tritium exists naturally in the environment, but in very small quantities. Because tritium is used in boosted fission weapons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium_radioluminescence

The reticle on the SA80's optical SUSAT sight as well as the LPS 4x6° TIP2 telescopic sight of a PSL rifle, contains a small amount of tritium for the same effect as an example of tritium use on a rifle sight. (wikipedia.org)
In January 2014 it was made public that a total of 875 TBq (2.45 g) of tritium are on the site of Fukushima Daiichi , [9] and the amount of tritium contained in the contaminated water is increasing by approximately 230 TBq (0.64 g) per year. (wikipedia.org)
If you do the calculations on that amount of tritium, it's less than half of the Environmental Protection Agency's drinking water standard," said Roger Hannah, a spokesman for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's regional office in Atlanta. (reuters.com)
Each sign contains about 15 tubes each of which has a small amount of tritium gas (non toxic amount even if it were entirely absorbed which would be a very difficult thing to do). (ecolo.org)
Because regulations for nuclear power reactors set a ceiling on the amount of tritium that can be released into the coolant, the TVA has limited the number of TPBARs loaded into Watts Bar-1, the GAO said. (armscontrol.org)
The GAO said, "While we are encouraged that NNSA and TVA are working together to increase the number of TPBARs being irradiated, continued uncertainty about NNSA's and TVA's ability to irradiate additional TPBARs in a single reactor while not exceeding limits on the amount of tritium released into the environment raises doubts about the program's ability to provide a reliable supply and predictable quantities of tritium over time. (armscontrol.org)

Tritium (/ˈtrɪtiəm/ or /ˈtrɪʃiəm/, from Ancient Greek τρίτος (trítos) 'third') or hydrogen-3 (symbol T or 3H) is a rare and radioactive isotope of hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
The nucleus of tritium (sometimes called a triton) contains one proton and two neutrons, whereas the nucleus of the common isotope hydrogen-1 (protium) contains just one proton, and that of hydrogen-2 (deuterium) contains one proton and one neutron. (wikipedia.org)
The GPU is dubbed 'Tritium' which is defined as, 'A rare radioactive hydrogen isotope with atomic mass 3 and half-life 12.5 years, prepared artificially for use as a tracer and as a constituent of hydrogen bombs. (hothardware.com)
Tritium - a radioactive isotope of hydrogen with a half-life of 12.3 years - is an essential component of the H-bomb and a waste product of the nuclear power industry. (newscientist.com)
Tritium radioluminescence is the use of gaseous tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, to create visible light. (wikipedia.org)
The hydrogen gas is then sent to an isotope separation device where it is separated into two groups of isotopes: a first group of isotopes containing concentrations of deuterium and tritium, and a second group of isotopes having substantially no deuterium and tritium. (osti.gov)
Tritium is a naturally rare radioactive isotope of hydrogen. (newscientist.com)
Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, the nucleus of which contains one proton and two neutrons. (thefreedictionary.com)
Tritium was first predicted in the late 1920s by Walter Russell, using his "spiral" periodic table , then produced in 1934 from deuterium , another isotope of hydrogen , by Ernest Rutherford , working with Mark Oliphant and Paul Harteck. (factbites.com)
Tritium (chemical symbol H-3) is a radioactive isotope of the element hydrogen (chemical symbol H). (factbites.com)
Tritium is also produced during nuclear weapons explosions, as a byproduct in reactors producing electricity, and in special production reactors , where the isotope lithium-6 is bombarded to produce tritium . (factbites.com)
Tritium is the radioactive isotope of hydrogen ( half-life of 12.32 years , decay rate of 5.626 % per year ). (factbites.com)
The tritium frequency is highly attractive for SETI work because the isotope is cosmically rare and the tritium hyperfine line is centered in the SETI waterhole region of the terrestrial microwave window. (factbites.com)
Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen with a half-life of 12.3 years , meaning that 5.5 per cent of tritium will decay into helium-3 every year . (factbites.com)
The nucleus of tritium (sometimes called a triton ) contains one proton and two neutrons , whereas the nucleus of protium (by far the most abundant hydrogen isotope) contains one proton and no neutrons. (wikipedia.org)
In comparison, very little is known about the behaviour of the ra- dioactive isotope tritium in metals. (springer.com)
Tritium - a radioactive isotope of hydrogen - was a by-product of the nuclear operations at Chapelcross and was used in the weapons industry. (bbc.com)
Tritium (3H) is a short-lived radioactive isotope of hydrogen which decays by beta emission to stable 3He. (environmental-expert.com)
Tritium is a highly radioactive isotope of hydrogen, with a specific activity of almost 10,000 curies per gram. (ieer.org)
Stuckle said there is no evidence that tritium, an isotope of hydrogen with low-grade radioactivity, was ever used at the Paducah plant. (nv.us)
Tritium is a heavy radioactive isotope of hydrogen that can replace ordinary hydrogen in light water or deuterium in heavy water, and occurs both naturally and in small amounts during the operation of nuclear power plants. (world-nuclear-news.org)

The first group of isotopes containing concentrations of deuterium and tritium is then passed through a tritium detector that produces an output proportional to the concentration of tritium detected. (osti.gov)
bureau indicate elevated concentrations of tritium in landfill effluents. (great-lakes.net)
Tritium concentrations in water found in soils, combined with the local precipitation tritium history can be used to estimate the travel time of rainwater through the soil. (factbites.com)
New Jersey has released more data on concentrations of radioactive tritium in groundwater at the Oyster Creek nuclear power plant in Lacey. (app.com)
The latest data on levels of radioactive tritium in groundwater at the Oyster Creek nuclear power plant in Lacey show generally much lower concentrations over time. (app.com)
Tritium concentrations are measured in picocuries per liter of water. (exeloncorp.com)
Tritium occurs naturally in the environment in very low concentrations. (exeloncorp.com)
Tritium concentrations ranged from 325 to ca. 3000 Bq m -3 , with a geometric mean of 1223 Bq m -3 and geometric standard deviation of 1.6. (go.jp)
Although tritium concentrations in springs are generally low, they proved to be useful in qualitative assessment of recent recharge. (go.jp)
Laker says its AWD technology can efficiently reduce the tritium concentrations to below naturally occurring rainwater levels, enabling safe release into the ocean. (world-nuclear-news.org)
Tritium concentrations of 46 event samples were compared to their moisture origin and corresponding air mass history. (atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net)
Our model-derived source region tritium concentrations agreed well with annual mean station values. (atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net)
Moisture that originated from continental Europe and the Atlantic Ocean was most distinct regarding tritium concentrations with values up to 8.8 TU and near 0 TU, respectively. (atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net)
Seasonality of tritium values ranged from 1.6 TU in January to 10.1 TU in May and exhibited well-known elevated concentrations in spring and early summer due to increased stratosphere-troposphere exchange. (atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net)
The average altitude of trajectories correlated with tritium concentrations in precipitation, especially in spring and early summer and if outlier values of extreme tritium concentrations were excluded. (atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net)

Levels of radioactive tritium are still elevated in two monitoring wells at the Oyster Creek nuclear power plant in Lacey, according to new state data. (app.com)
A recent NRC report that high levels of radioactive tritium had been discovered in a monitoring well at the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station actually contained a trace of good news from the perspective of plant-owner Entergy. (wickedlocal.com)
New measurements at the Indian Point nuclear power plant in upstate New York show levels of radioactive tritium 80 percent higher than reported last week. (whatreallyhappened.com)
The latest announcement was made after Tepco detected high levels of radioactive tritium and strontium in groundwater from an observation well at the plant. (japantimes.co.jp)

CHARLESTON, South Carolina (Reuters) - More than 100 gallons of water containing radioactive tritium has leaked from a discharge pipe at the Catawba Nuclear Station near Lake Wylie, South Carolina, and could reach groundwater, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission said on Wednesday. (reuters.com)
Although the leak has the potential to reach groundwater, samples indicated a small concentration of tritium, officials said. (reuters.com)
We have been tracking the plume of tritium-contaminated groundwater as it moves slowly toward the river, and this new finding confirms that tritium has traveled from the Yankee site to the Connecticut River," Harry Chen, the state's health commissioner said in a statement issued on Wednesday. (forbes.com)
Entergy Nuclear, which does not own the aquifer beneath its nuclear power plant, is leaking large amounts of hazardous radioactive tritium into the groundwater, which is very likely flowing into the Connecticut River. (beyondnuclear.org)
Nuclear engineer Arnie Gundersen has called for Vermont Yankee to be shut down at least until the origin of its tritium leaks is found and fixed, in order to prevent any more tritium from being released into site groundwater and the Connecticut River. (beyondnuclear.org)
Vermont Public Radio reports that an area the size of a football field in the groundwater under Vermont Yankee could be contaminated with tritium. (beyondnuclear.org)
The Rutland Herald has praised the wife-and-husband team Maggie and Arnie Gundersen (pictured, left) of Fairewinds Associates, Inc. for getting it right all along on the aged Vermont Yankee atomic reactor, such as persistently asking questions about buried pipes that Entergy Nuclear denied, under oath, even existed, but now are likely the source of hazardous tritium leaks into groundwater and the Connecticut River. (beyondnuclear.org)
U.S. Rep. Paul Hodes, D-N.H., has announced a bill proposing that New Hampshire officials share in overseeing regulation at the Vermont Yankee atomic reactor , source of concentrated hazardous radioactive tritium leaks into groundwater that will eventually flow into the Connecticut River. (beyondnuclear.org)
Radioactive tritium has leaked from three-quarters of U.S. commercial nuclear power sites, often into groundwater from corroded, buried piping, an Associated Press investigation shows. (capitolhillblue.com)

High-energy neutrons can also produce tritium from lithium-7 in an endothermic (net heat consuming) reaction, consuming 2.466 MeV. (wikipedia.org)
High-energy neutrons irradiating boron-10 will also occasionally produce tritium: A more common result of boron-10 neutron capture is 7 Li and a single alpha particle. (wikipedia.org)
This week the department completed environmental consultations on a plan to build either a new nuclear reactor or a particle accelerator to produce tritium. (newscientist.com)
The infrastructure required to produce tritium is complex and expensive. (ffi.no)
In the wiki article about fusion power I read that Deuterium-Deuterium fusion produce Tritium so I wonder if this can be used as a way to produce tritium for Deuterium-Tritium fusion power plants in case there is a problem with lithium resources. (physicsforums.com)
You don't need fusion to produce tritium. (physicsforums.com)

Muon physicist Steven Jones calls 1,000 TUs 'The graphs below show that hydrogen-bomb testing boosted tritium levels in rain by several orders of magnitude. (rense.com)

A system is described for continuously monitoring the concentration of tritium in an aqueous stream. (osti.gov)
article{osti_7106497, title = {Tritium monitor}, author = {Chastagner, P.}, abstractNote = {A system is described for continuously monitoring the concentration of tritium in an aqueous stream. (osti.gov)
The tritium concentration in the sample is then determined from the amount of in-grown helium-3 , the length of time the sampled was sealed, and the radioactive decay rate (12.4 years ) of tritium . (factbites.com)
Due to the solubility of the tritium , the concentration of the tritium in the urine equals the concentration in the soft tissues of the body. (factbites.com)
Tritium analyses are reported in units of concentration called Tritium Units (TU), where one TU is one tritium atom in 1018 atoms of hydrogen. (environmental-expert.com)
Because the area is so big, according to William Irwin, radiological health chief, there are many potential sources of radioactive water at this particularly high concentration of tritium. (tvnewslies.org)
Water samples were collected from 124 springs in Slovenia and analysed for tritium ( 3 H). Tritium was enriched electrolytically and its concentration determined by liquid scintillation analysis. (go.jp)
On the basis of the International Atomic Energy Agency/World Meteorological Organization (IAEA\WMO) data set of the monthly tritium concentration in precipitation, the temporal and spatial pattern of the tritium concentration in marine precipitation of the southern hemisphere has been reconstructed. (columbia.edu)
According to Tepco, the sample with the highest tritium concentration was collected near a water intake on the east side of the reactor 1 turbine building. (japantimes.co.jp)
The radioactive material exists in the natural environment, and the Nuclear Regulation Authority maintains that there should be no problem in releasing water containing tritium into the sea if its concentration levels are lowered sufficiently. (mainichi.jp)

The low energy of tritium's radiation makes it difficult to detect tritium-labeled compounds except by using liquid scintillation counting. (wikipedia.org)
The health risks of tritium were investigated in response to a recommendation in 2004 from the UK government's former Committee Examining Radiation Risks of Internal Emitters (CERRIE). (newscientist.com)
The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, which is responsible for many of the tritium-emitting plants in the UK, promises to "consider carefully the impact of any agreed increase in radiation weighting. (newscientist.com)
Tritium is the only radiation source used in radioluminescent light sources today. (wikipedia.org)
As the tritium nucleus decays it emits an electron , causing energy to be released in the form of beta radiation . (factbites.com)
Since tritium gas cannot penetrate the skin, the radiation exposure is received through the lungs where it mixes with the body fluids. (factbites.com)
While Vermont's Yankee nuclear power plant may ultimately bear the blame for exposing the public to tritium radiation in this instance, the vast majority of people in the United States who suffer harm at the hands of tritium lay the blame on a far more likely common culprit - EXIT signs. (forbes.com)
However, because it emits very low energy radiation and leaves the body relatively quickly, for a given amount of activity ingested, tritium is one of the least dangerous radionuclides. (forbes.com)
The radiation level received from tritium EXIT signs is NIL as long as you don't break the EXIT sign because tritium is a BETA emitter, and BETA rays are stopped by the internal pieces of the device (the radiation doesn't get through the inside tubes). (ecolo.org)
Brad Sylvester's article "Vermont Yankee's Radioactive Waste Likely Leaching into Connecticut River," posted at associatedcontent.com , provides a healthy dose of common sense skepticism to counteract the radiation doses flowing out of Entergy Nuclear, as well as the half-truths flowing from the lips its corporate officials as they try to undo the PR damage resulting from tritium leaks from underground pipes that supposedly didn't exist. (beyondnuclear.org)
Tritium and radiation are around us every day. (miamiherald.com)
The four-millirem annual dose from consuming water for a year at the maximum allowable tritium levels would contribute less than 1 percent to the average annual radiation dose to the public. (miamiherald.com)
Radiation from tritium and other radioactive substances increases the risk of cancer. (ewg.org)
Nuclear Power , Radiation Protection and Health , and Tritium . (ieer.org)
Tritium is a weak radiation emitter that is used commercially to make luminous dials and instruments, as a source of light for exit and safety signs, as a tracer for biochemical research and in ground water transport measurements, among other uses. (exeloncorp.com)
Are you aware that the tritium in those tubes is bathing you in soft x-rays from Bremsstrahlung radiation that you can only detect with scintillation counter? (hackaday.com)
Genetic damage from radiation is a stochastic phenomenon and the only reason that tritium is allowed for use in safety signals is an arbitrary contrasting of received radiation vs. fire danger and typically these radiation sources are NOT NEAR people because they're in exit signs that people don't stay next to for extended periods. (hackaday.com)
There is no dangerous radiation emitted by these tritium tubes. (hackaday.com)
I have not run the numbers, but I'm sure a short stroll outdoors in daylight is yields a higher dose of damaging radiation to your skin than a tritium vial in your pocket would. (hackaday.com)
This guide provides recommended procedures for examining, testing and calibrating tritium-in-air monitoring instruments for radiation protection. (npl.co.uk)
By mixing tritium with a chemical that emits light in the presence of radiation, a phosphor, a continuous light source is made and it is commonly used in exit signs or gun sights, for instance. (lamonitor.com)

The Associated Press reports that a sample of contaminated water taken from a sump pit at Vermont Yankee atomic reactor contained 2.7 million picocuries of tritium per liter. (beyondnuclear.org)
While the EPA's standard for tritium in drinking water is 20,000 picocuries per liter Lampert notes, rates as low as 400 picocuries per liter have been recommended by other regulatory bodies. (wickedlocal.com)
The current drinking water standard for tritium of 20,000 picocuries per liter does not take non-cancer effects of tritium, such as miscarriages, into account. (ieer.org)
It is noteworthy in this context that the surface water standard for tritium in the State of Colorado is 500 picocuries per liter, which is 40 times more stringent that the EPA drinking water standard. (ieer.org)
The monitoring well sample showed tritium levels of 3.2 million picocuries per liter of water. (exeloncorp.com)
A sample collected Friday contained around 1,100 becquerels of tritium per liter, the highest level detected in seawater since the nuclear crisis at the plant started in March 2011, the utility said Monday. (japantimes.co.jp)
The government-set safety limit for tritium is 60,000 becquerels per liter of seawater. (japantimes.co.jp)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says tritium should measure no more than 20,000 picocuries per liter in drinking water. (capitolhillblue.com)

Some flashlights have slots for tritium vials so that the flashlight can be easily located in the dark. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, all Tritium vials are installed by one of two manufacturers despite the myriad of sight makers out there. (tactical-life.com)
Both frames have holes which are designed as a friction fit for off-the-shelf tritium vials. (hackaday.com)
These vials use the radioactive decay of tritium with a phosphor coating to create a dim glow which lasts approximately a decade. (hackaday.com)
The hands, number markers, and bezel on the Isobrite ISO305 watch feature small, self-luminous tritium-filled vials. (cnbc.com)

Since the 1950s, vast quantities of tritium have been released into the environment from numerous nuclear plants, including Savannah River in the US, Sellafield in the UK, Marcoule in France, and Ontario Power Generation in Canada. (newscientist.com)
In the meantime the industry can no longer assume it will be allowed to release large quantities of tritium. (newscientist.com)
Very large quantities of tritium are required for the maintenance of our nation's nuclear weapons capabilities. (forbes.com)

The production of tritium from lithium-6 in such breeder ceramics is possible with neutrons of any energy, and is an exothermic reaction yielding 4.8 MeV. (wikipedia.org)
Tritium is a hydrogen atom that has 2 neutrons in the nucleus , in addition to its single proton , giving it an atomic weight near 3. (factbites.com)
The tritium is produced by spallation reactions with oxygen , nitrogen and carbon nuclei present in the water systems and to a much lesser degree by radiative capture of neutrons by the deuterium nuclei in water . (factbites.com)
A second source of tritium fortunately exists: tritium can be produced within the tokamak when neutrons escaping the plasma interact with a specific element-lithium-contained in the blanket . (iter.org)
Rather than pretend to be a scientist I will merely quote from the website of the Environmental Protection Agency: "Tritium is a hydrogen atom that has two neutrons in the nucleus, in addition to its single proton, giving it an atomic weight near three. (tactical-life.com)
Deuterium-tritium fusion, which most controlled fusion experiments today are trying to achieve, produces energetic neutrons, from which energy can easily be harvested and converted to useful things like steam or electric power. (acronymfinder.com)
Developing materials resistant enough to withstand the high-power impact of the neutrons from deuterium-tritium (DT) reactions is of utmost importance for the future of fusion. (acronymfinder.com)

citation needed] During manufacture, a length of borosilicate glass tube that has had the internal surface coated with a phosphor-containing material is filled with radioactive tritium. (wikipedia.org)

This drinking-water standard for tritium was determined from an acceptable annual dose of four millirem that one would receive by drinking water at this maximum allowable contamination level every day for a year. (miamiherald.com)

The US Secretary of Energy, Hazel O'Leary, is under pressure from Congress to build a reactor at the Savannah River site in South Carolina to "burn" excess plutonium and generate electricity at the same time as producing tritium. (newscientist.com)
however, this reaction has a much smaller cross section and is only a useful tritium source for a reactor with a very high neutron flux. (factbites.com)
A byproduct of nuclear reactor operations, tritium also occurs naturally in air and water. (reuters.com)
The Brattleboro Reformer reports that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has confirmed that a 2005 radioactive, carcinogenic leak of tritium at the Vermont Yankee atomic reactor was not reported to them until now. (beyondnuclear.org)
The State of Vermont's top health official has admitted that tritium leaking from the Vermont Yankee atomic reactor is almost certainly flowing into the Connecticut River and points downstream. (beyondnuclear.org)
The Department of Health said late Monday there appears to be "a very large area" at the Vermont Yankee nuclear reactor contaminated with radioactive tritium, and contamination levels continue to rise. (tvnewslies.org)
The tritium for the U.S. arsenal is being produced by irradiating special fuel rods, known as Tritium-Producing Burnable Absorber Rods (TPBARs), in Watts Bar-1, a nuclear power reactor owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), a federal corporation. (armscontrol.org)
The technical problem that is the focus of the GAO report is tritium "permeation" from the TPBARs into reactor coolant water at a rate that is higher than expected. (armscontrol.org)
The NNSA has noted the problem in budget documents, but in an interview last year, the manager of the NNSA's Savannah River Site office said the main issue was the potential impact on reactor operation rather than on tritium production. (armscontrol.org)
However, as the NNSA put it in a letter to GAO commenting on a draft of the report, "Both TVA and NNSA would experience programmatic and operational benefits from keeping tritium production in one reactor, and will be working to achieve this goal. (armscontrol.org)
A review of the technical and scientific results from the deuterium-tritium experiments on the Joint European Torus (JET) and the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) is given with particular emphasis on alpha-particle physics issues. (unt.edu)
Given the particular properties and non-cancer risks of tritium (when it is organically bound or in the form of tritiated water), I am of the opinion that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has not been vigilant enough in trying make reactor operators reduce their tritium discharges. (ieer.org)
[16] [17] Tritium leakage from the rods during reactor operations limits the number that can be used in any reactor without exceeding the maximum allowed tritium levels in the coolant. (physicsforums.com)
All the tritium the US produced in 40 years could power a single reactor for a single year. (physicsforums.com)
Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years, which means that a little more than half of the tritium atoms that were left there at the time of the earthquake, tsunami and reactor meltdown in March 2011 are still there. (menafn.com)

Tritium is also used as a nuclear fusion fuel, along with more abundant deuterium, in tokamak reactors and in hydrogen bombs. (wikipedia.org)
Tritium is most often produced in nuclear reactors by neutron activation of lithium-6. (wikipedia.org)
For applications in proposed fusion energy reactors, such as ITER, pebbles consisting of lithium bearing ceramics including Li2TiO3 and Li4SiO4, are being developed for tritium breeding within a helium cooled pebble bed, also known as a breeder blanket. (wikipedia.org)
Tritium is also produced in heavy water-moderated reactors whenever a deuterium nucleus captures a neutron. (wikipedia.org)
The release or recovery of tritium needs to be considered in the operation of nuclear reactors, especially in the reprocessing of nuclear fuels and in the storage of spent nuclear fuel. (wikipedia.org)
The US used to make tritium in up to 14 reactors, all of which have been closed down since 1988. (newscientist.com)
The plant extracts tritium from lithium irradiated in one of Chapelcross's four electricity-generating reactors. (newscientist.com)
This has raised concerns that if tritium is used in quantity, in particular for fusion reactors , it may contribute to radioactive contamination, although its short half-life should prevent any significant accumulation in the atmosphere. (factbites.com)
For applications in proposed fusion energy reactors, such as ITER , pebbles consisting of lithium bearing ceramics including Li 2 TiO 3 and Li 4 SiO 4 , are being developed for tritium breeding within a helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB), also known as a breeder blanket. (wikipedia.org)
Tritium is a radioactive element emitted from nuclear reactors and weapons production plants. (ewg.org)
Today, manmade sources of tritium include commercial and research reactors. (exeloncorp.com)
As the GAO noted, the Energy Department's agreement with the TVA allows it to use two additional TVA reactors, Sequoyah-1 and -2, for tritium production. (armscontrol.org)
Tritium is produced in nuclear reactors by neutron capture on lithium-6, and remaining stocks are processed regularly to remove (and capture) the accumulated helium-3. (ffi.no)
It spans from the mining of lithium through enrichment in lithium-6 and shaping of this for use as target material in nuclear reactors to extraction and purification of tritium and handling of tritium reservoirs. (ffi.no)
Tritium is a radioactive form of hydrogen that occurs both naturally - from interactions of cosmic rays with gases in the upper atmosphere - and as a by-product of the operation of nuclear reactors and tritium processing facilities. (gc.ca)
The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) regulates releases of tritium by nuclear reactors and tritium processing facilities to ensure the health and safety of workers and the public, and the protection of the environment. (gc.ca)
Tritium for American nuclear weapons was produced in special heavy water reactors at the Savannah River Site until their closures in 1988. (physicsforums.com)
The production of tritium was resumed with irradiation of rods containing lithium (replacing the usual control rods containing boron , cadmium , or hafnium ), at the reactors of the commercial Watts Bar Nuclear Generating Station from 2003-2005 followed by extraction of tritium from the rods at the new Tritium Extraction Facility at the Savannah River Site beginning in November 2006. (physicsforums.com)
Pressurised heavy water reactors - Candus - produce significantly more tritium than most other types of reactors owing to the use of heavy water (deuterium) in the moderator and heat transport system. (world-nuclear-news.org)
Facilities to remove tritium from heavy water from Candu reactors currently operate at Darlington in Canada and Wolsong in South Korea. (world-nuclear-news.org)
ALPS removes most of the radioactive contamination from water which has come into contact with the damaged reactors and debris from the 2011 accident, with the exception of tritium. (world-nuclear-news.org)
Tritium is a radioactive form of hydrogen, used in research, fusion reactors and neutron generators. (lamonitor.com)
Strontium-90 was discovered with tritium two years earlier at the Indian Point nuclear power complex, where two reactors operate 25 miles north of New York City. (capitolhillblue.com)
The tritium leaks also have spurred doubts among independent engineers about the reliability of emergency safety systems at the 104 nuclear reactors situated on the 65 sites. (capitolhillblue.com)

The half life of tritium is 12.3 years. (ecolo.org)
The biological half life of tritium is about 10 days (because you would pee between 1 and 2 liters per day and the volume of circulating liquids in the body in first approximation is 6 liters blood + 12 liters lymph. (ecolo.org)
The half-life of tritium is 12.43 years. (environmental-expert.com)

Tritium was found to be an ideal energy source for self-luminous compounds in 1953 and the idea was patented by Edward Shapiro on 29 October 1953 in the US (2749251 - Source of Luminosity). (wikipedia.org)
XS Sights' Big Dot Tritium front sight combines a light-reflecting white ring and self-luminous Tritium dot. (tactical-life.com)

Estimates are made for production and accumulation of tritium in an expanding nuclear power economy, including the impact of an increased tritium production on local and worldwide populations. (scribd.com)

A procedure is proposed for obtaining tritium-labelled thymine compounds: nucleoside, nucleoside mono-, di- and triphosphates. (springer.com)

Tritium is used to illuminate the iron sights of some small arms. (wikipedia.org)
I think the first example of these are sights with tritium inserts that have white-ring outlines. (thefreedictionary.com)
When the subject of night sights is raised, the word Tritium comes into play. (tactical-life.com)
Farmingdale, NY -(AmmoLand.com)- Meprolight, manufacturer of the finest night sights and optics designed specifically for the Israeli Defense Forces has joined forces with two decorated U.S. Special Forces soldiers with years of experience in counter-terrorism units and instruction at the most elite spec ops schools in the military, to develop the tritium powered combat sight- the R4E. (ammoland.com)
Tritium illumination is commonly used for the instrument dials in aircraft, compasses and night sights for weapons since it does not require a battery or external power supply and it remains constantly illuminated for 20+ years. (cnbc.com)

Naturally occurring tritium is extremely rare on Earth. (wikipedia.org)
Tritium is naturally present in the environment. (irsn.fr)
Naturally occurring tritium is extremely rare on Earth, where trace amounts are formed by the interaction of the atmosphere with cosmic rays . (wikipedia.org)
The natural benefit of Tritium is that when it mixes with phosphors, they naturally create the glow you see. (tactical-life.com)

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, exposure to tritium increases the risk of developing cancer. (reuters.com)
exposure to tritium increases the risk of developing cancer. (forbes.com)
While tritium leaves the body relatively quickly and must be ingested in large amounts to pose a significant health risk, exposure to tritium does increase the risk of developing cancer. (eponline.com)

IRSN's experts try to answer these questions every day, by measuring the presence of tritium in the environment. (irsn.fr)
Our monitoring program functioned as designed, alerting us to the presence of tritium early so we can address the issue quickly and effectively,' said Dresden Site Vice President Shane Marik. (exeloncorp.com)
Our monitoring program functioned as designed, alerting us to the presence of tritium early so that we can address the issue quickly and effectively,' Hanley said. (exeloncorp.com)

The production of tritium is not a goal, but rather a side-effect. (wikipedia.org)

But evidence that tritium causes more biological damage than assumed is "solid enough" to justify a change, he says. (newscientist.com)

In addition to the task of presenting the properties of tritium in metals, I have tried to compare these data with those of protium and deuterium. (springer.com)
The radioactive properties of tritium can be useful. (lamonitor.com)

More than two years after tritium leaks were discovered at the Oyster Creek nuclear power plant in Lacey, only two monitoring wells had tritium levels above government limits as of July, according to new state data. (app.com)
So far, federal and industry officials say, the tritium leaks pose no health threat. (capitolhillblue.com)
There were 38 leaks from underground piping between 2000 and 2009, according to an industry document presented at a tritium conference. (capitolhillblue.com)

Tritium emits electrons through beta decay and, when they interact with a phosphor material, light is emitted through the process of phosphorescence. (wikipedia.org)
Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years and emits a very weak beta particle. (tactical-life.com)

Just as Vermont's health regulators are tracking tritium released from the Vermont Yankee nuclear plant, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is tracking millions and millions of tritium signs installed in movie theaters and parking garages across the country. (forbes.com)

The release and diffusion of tritium and helium produced by the fission of lithium can take place within ceramics referred to as breeder ceramics. (wikipedia.org)
He proposed to use lithium-6 deuteride, which would make tritium and facilitate deuterium-tritium fusion reactions. (acronymfinder.com)
Is there alternative ways for producing Tritium for fusion power plants other than using lithium? (physicsforums.com)
There is no practical alternative to lithium for tritium production. (physicsforums.com)
The watch features green and orange T100 tritium markers, an anti-reflective scratch resistant sapphire crystal, and a Swiss Ronda 715Li quartz movement with a 10-year lithium battery. (cnbc.com)

In the case of solid tritium light sources, the tritium replaces some of the hydrogen atoms in the paint, which also contains a phosphor such as zinc sulfide. (wikipedia.org)
Atoms of tritium can be fused under high pressure to create a thermonuclear explosion. (newscientist.com)

October 8, 2019, New York, NY - Project X Media, Inc. ("Project X"), the leading technology-driven Out-of-Home (OOH) media agency, announced the completion of a growth investment with Tritium Partners. (pehub.com)

Exelon Nuclear officials notified state and federal authorities over the weekend after tritium in water samples was confirmed. (exeloncorp.com)

17 November 2017 - US-based payroll and human resources service provider Inova Payroll, has closed a recapitalisation with private equity firm Tritium Partners, the company said. (thefreedictionary.com)
To address questions for tritium sources, sinks and transfer processes, sampling of individual precipitation events in Corte on the island of Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea was performed between April 2017 and April 2018. (atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net)

However, their experiment could not isolate tritium, which was later accomplished by Luis Alvarez and Robert Cornog, who also realized tritium's radioactivity. (wikipedia.org)
Tritium analyses can also be reported in units of radioactivity (picocuries) per unit volume. (environmental-expert.com)
The performance requirements for tritium monitors used for monitoring airborne tritium radioactivity are provided in this standard. (ieee.org)

Such a tube is known as a "gaseous tritium light source" (GTLS), or beta light (since the tritium undergoes beta decay). (wikipedia.org)
The tritium in a gaseous tritium light source undergoes beta decay, releasing electrons that cause the phosphor layer to phosphoresce. (wikipedia.org)
According to the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (Sepa), the gaseous tritium is from an authorised outlet but is greater than it should be. (bbc.com)
Gaseous tritium is sometimes used for its radio-luminescence by makers of self-illuminating watches or signposts. (bbc.com)
Test results of the three remaining health physics technicians at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant were the same as those of four other workers: no tritium in their bodies. (nv.us)

The US government is proposing to bring a major new tritium production plant into operation by 2010, while British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL) is continuing to manufacture tritium for Trident missiles at the Chapelcross nuclear plant in Scotland. (newscientist.com)
In 1980 Britain became self-sufficient in tritium when BNFL completed a separation plant at Chapelcross for the Ministry of Defence. (newscientist.com)
Tokyo Electric Power Company, the operator of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, says it may dump as much as 770,000 cubic meters of water contaminated with the radioactive tritium into the Pacific Ocean, as part of its cleanup efforts following the 2011 tsunami. (thefreedictionary.com)
2) All activities regarding tritium formerly carried out at the Mound Plant, Ohio. (house.gov)
Environmental inspectors have been called in after an increase in tritium gas discharges from the former Chapelcross nuclear plant, near Annan. (bbc.com)
This concept of 'breeding' tritium during the fusion reaction is an important one for the future needs of a large-scale fusion power plant. (iter.org)
Radioactive tritium is still being found in monitoring wells at the Oyster Creek nuclear power plant in Lacey, more than three years after two spills were detected, according to a state report. (app.com)
The state has posted updated data on radioactive tritium contamination at the Oyster Creek nuclear power plant in Lacey. (app.com)
Last week, the Tritium Plant Project Team came together in Cadarache for a three-day meeting to discuss issues such as plant integration, plant interface and interface control, and process modelling. (iter.org)
The team meets two times per year, and includes experts on tritium handling as well as cryogenics and vacuum engineers from the all ITER Members involved in building the Tritium Plant (ITER Organization, Europe, Japan, Korea, and the US). (iter.org)
For years, several other monitoring wells at the plant had been reporting higher than expected levels of tritium, but plant officials could never identify the source. (wickedlocal.com)
When the plant shut down that discharge line, the tritium levels fell. (wickedlocal.com)
Dresden Generating Station plant workers performing monthly environmental monitoring late last week identified tritium in a localized area near the center of plant property, company officials said Saturday. (exeloncorp.com)
The plant maintains an extensive environmental monitoring program, including routine water sampling from 71 on-site dedicated monitoring points designed to detect unusual levels of tritium in the environment. (exeloncorp.com)
Seven workers were tested last week after a plant employee notified USEC that tritium was discovered in April in the urine of a man who had left the Paducah plant to work at another nuclear facility. (nv.us)
technological advancement might make D-D fusion a source for tritium for D-T fusion power plant without needing to figure out how to produce energy from D-D fusion? (physicsforums.com)
Tokyo Electric Power Co. has seen a rise in the level of radioactive tritium in seawater within the harbor at the crippled Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant. (japantimes.co.jp)

This radiological dose of tritium is equal to about one-fifth of a chest X-ray or a cross-country flight," said Duke spokesman Scott Andresen. (reuters.com)

Commercial nuclear power plants also discharge tritium into public water bodies. (ieer.org)
At a fourth site, in New Jersey, tritium has leaked into an aquifer and a discharge canal feeding picturesque Barnegat Bay off the Atlantic Ocean. (capitolhillblue.com)

The unusually low energy released in the tritium beta decay makes the decay (along with that of rhenium-187) appropriate for absolute neutrino mass measurements in the laboratory (the most recent experiment being KATRIN). (wikipedia.org)
In the tube, the tritium gives off a steady stream of electrons due to beta decay. (wikipedia.org)
The electrons emitted by the radioactive decay of the tritium cause phosphor to glow, thus providing a long-lasting (several years) and non-battery-powered firearms sight that is visible in dim lighting conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Tritium is unimportant in advanced stellar evolution (Cujec and Fowler, 1980), and its 12.5-year β-decay half-life ensures its virtual natural absence in the neutral atomic state, giving an extraordinarily quiet background for beacon acquisition. (factbites.com)
Furthermore, helium-3 is connected inse- parably with tritium via the tritium decay. (springer.com)
Tritium is radioactive, and about 5.5 percent of existing stocks undergo radioactive decay to helium-3 every year. (ffi.no)
Tritium decay produces only a beta particle (high energy electron) and an anti-neutrino (does not generally interact with matter). (menafn.com)

Willard F. Libby recognized that tritium could be used for radiometric dating of water and wine. (wikipedia.org)
This reaction has a quite small absorption cross section, making heavy water a good neutron moderator, and relatively little tritium is produced. (wikipedia.org)
2,800 short tons) of heavy water a year, and it separates out about 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) of tritium, making it available for other uses. (wikipedia.org)
Tritium is produced in accelerator cooling water systems which are subjected to large proton or neutron fluxes such as those of the meson production targets of the TRIUMF 500 MeV facility. (factbites.com)
Water has stopped flowing through the pipe and the spilled water contained no radioactive isotopes other than tritium, Andresen said. (reuters.com)
An easier way to get the tritium in the body would be to drink tritiated water where T replaces H (HTO or T2O), but the tritium in EXIT signs is not in this liquid form. (ecolo.org)
Tritium when absorbed by the human body is progressively eliminated by peeing (T replaces hydrogen in water). (ecolo.org)
This information is offered in comparison to the four millirem one would receive if one were to drink water for a year at the maximum allowable tritium level allowed. (miamiherald.com)
The public drinking water supplied to neighborhoods around nuclear facilities is typically at less than 10 percent of the maximum allowable tritium level. (miamiherald.com)
10. It is also important to note that the tritium present was diluted by at least some portion of 1 million liters of water accounting for BILLIONS of TUs. (rense.com)
The health guideline of 400 pCi/L for tritium was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. (ewg.org)
Although tritium can be a gas, its most common form is in water, because, like non-radioactive hydrogen, radioactive tritium reacts with oxygen to form water. (tactical-life.com)
Tritium replaces one of the stable hydrogens in the water molecule, H2O, and is called tritiated water (HTO). (tactical-life.com)
Dresden Generating Station's technical experts identified water containing tritium in on-site monitoring points through the station's environmental monitoring program. (exeloncorp.com)
Samples taken from the station's on-site waste water treatment facility also showed low levels of tritium. (exeloncorp.com)
Most tritium in the environment is in the form of tritiated water, which easily disperses in the atmosphere, bodies of water, soil and rock. (exeloncorp.com)
Since tritium has the same chemical properties as hydrogen, it can combine with oxygen to form water. (ieer.org)
Since tritiated water is processed by plants, animals and humans like ordinary water, the tritium in it can become transformed into other chemicals, such as proteins, needed by the body. (ieer.org)
Tritium exposure can pose a health risk if it is ingested through drinking water or food, or if inhaled or absorbed through the skin in large quantities. (gc.ca)
Water containing very low levels of tritium and other radioactive substances is normally released from nuclear power plants under tightly controlled and monitored conditions. (world-nuclear-news.org)
The calculated input functions of tritium, CFC 11 and CFC 12 provide the surface boundary conditions for numerical studies of the distributions of these transient tracers in the sub-surface water masses of the Weddell Sea. (columbia.edu)
This photo shows the equipment capable of separating tritium water. (mainichi.jp)
OSAKA -- A team of researchers from Kindai University and private companies in western Japan has developed a new filter enabling the removal of water containing radioactive tritium. (mainichi.jp)
The waste water contains tritium but the radioactive material cannot be removed with the current filtering technology. (mainichi.jp)
Water containing tritium has chemical features almost identical to water with ordinary hydrogen, and separating tritium water is difficult. (mainichi.jp)
The filter can stop vapors of tritium water, and the separation rate was "almost 100 percent," according to a team representative. (mainichi.jp)
The government has set up a panel of experts to examine how to process tritium water. (mainichi.jp)
Federal regulators set a limit for how much tritium is allowed in drinking water. (capitolhillblue.com)
The main health risk from tritium, though, would be in drinking water. (capitolhillblue.com)
If I understand the facts correctly, this water is primarily radioactive due to tritium content. (menafn.com)
that is, tritium ends up as part of the water). (menafn.com)
We can assume that at any given time almost all the natural tritium is in the top fifth of the water, since most natural tritium is created in our ionosphere through cosmic ray/solar wind impacts (so it would come from the atmosphere into the oceanic surface). (menafn.com)
According to TEPCO there are about 9.5 grams of tritium in all forms in water held or stored by TEPCO at Fukushima (2014 numbers). (menafn.com)
Climate models are in need of improved constraints for water vapor transport in the atmosphere and tritium can serve as a powerful tracer in the hydrological cycle. (atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net)

The research team will cooperate with local companies in Fukushima Prefecture and others to develop equipment that can be put to actual use to separate tritium. (mainichi.jp)

Each tube is coated on the inside with a thin layer of a phosphor (probably zinc sulfide) and filled with tritium gas. (orau.org)

Tritium is used as the energy source in radioluminescent lights for watches, numerous instruments and tools, and even novelty items such as self-illuminating key chains. (wikipedia.org)
Tritium is used as a radioactive tracer , in radioluminescent light sources for watches and instruments, and, along with deuterium , as a fuel for nuclear fusion reactions with applications in energy generation and weapons. (wikipedia.org)
The team also used the client's moniker, Tritium, a rare, radioluminescent element that consumes little energy to emit light, as a source of inspiration to enliven the space. (officesnapshots.com)

If true, this would bolster allegations of perjury by top level Entergy officials, who testified under oath to state officials last year that there were no underground pipes carrying radioactive materials, such as hazardous, carcinogenic, radioactive tritium. (beyondnuclear.org)
The level of tritium found in the former worker was below federal limits and was not a concern of officials at the other nuclear facility, sources have told the Sun. (nv.us)
The National Solid Wastes Management Association (NSWMA) has filed comments with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in response to a petition for rulemaking from the Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials (ASTSWMO) regarding possible new rules for the disposal of tritium exit signs. (eponline.com)

Tritium, which is a radioactive form of hydrogen, has leaked from at least 48 of 65 sites, according to U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission records reviewed as part of the AP's yearlong examination of safety issues at aging nuclear power plants. (capitolhillblue.com)
Tritium exit signs, used in many commercial and high-occupancy residential buildings, contain a radioactive form of hydrogen and allow for continuous, self-powered light source in situations where using batteries or electricity is not possible. (eponline.com)

Tritium was first detected in 1934 by Ernest Rutherford, Mark Oliphant, and Paul Harteck after bombarding deuterium with deuterons (a proton and neutron, comprising a deuterium nucleus). (wikipedia.org)
Each successful deuterium-tritium fusion would produce an alpha particle (an atom of helium-4), an energetic neutron and a good deal of energy. (acronymfinder.com)

As tritium illumination requires no electrical energy, it has found wide use in applications such as emergency exit signs, illumination of wristwatches, and portable yet very reliable sources of low intensity light which won't degrade human night vision. (wikipedia.org)
The Isobrite line of watches , by ArmourLite, offers T100 tritium illumination, which is up to four times brighter than a standard tritium watch. (cnbc.com)
ArmourLite revolutionized the watch industry as the first manufacturer to combine shatterproof glass construction with tritium illumination. (cnbc.com)

Tritium lighting is made using glass tubes with a phosphor layer in them and tritium gas inside the tube. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, phosphor degradation will cause the brightness of a tritium tube to drop by more than half in that period. (wikipedia.org)
The low energy beta particles from the tritium (half-life 12 years) strike the phosphor and cause it to glow. (orau.org)
Both the tritium tubes and a black & white CRT generate light from smacking a phosphor with 10 to 15 keV electrons. (hackaday.com)

160-inch-wide, highcontrast front sight has a photoluminescent orange ring surrounding a tritium dot. (thefreedictionary.com)
The rear sight features two horizontal lines and one vertical line, which line up with the tritium dot and vertical line on the front sight. (ammoland.com)

In the measurement of tritium production one or more optical fibers are coated with enriched {sup 6}Li and connected to standard scintillation counter circuitry. (osti.gov)
and from data records derived at long-term measurement stations of tritium in precipitation across the working area. (atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net)

North Korea is advancing the development of hydrogen bomb and is capable of producing tritium , an important component in making hydrogen bombs, a U. (thefreedictionary.com)
Tritium finds peripheral use in medical diagnostics, but it is mainly used in the construction of hydrogen bombs and to boost the yield of both fission and thermonuclear weapons. (factbites.com)

The Veefil-RT from Tritium is a reliable and robust electric vehicle fast charger with an attractive design that is easy to own and operate. (hannovermesse.de)
NKM Mobilitas Ltd. (Mobiliti) in Hungary recently ordered the first 12 Veefil-RT 50kW DC fast chargers from Tritium, the leading international specialist in DC charging infrastructure solutions for the electric vehicle (EV) market. (pressreleasefinder.com)

Тритиевая подсветка после 10 лет (Tritium after 10 years) - YouTube (youtube.com)

11810 - M&P®9 SHIELD M2.0™ Tritium Night Sights | Smith & Wesson (smith-wesson.com)

Women's Stormtech Tritium shell Jacket | Brand name clothing and accessories (outfitters.ca)

HIVIZ® Shooting Systems | Manufacturing high quality firearm fiber optic and tritium sights » golgolden888's Profile (hivizsights.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms4

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes7

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Health Care4

Steroids and hematopoiesis. III. The response of granulocytic and erythroid colony-forming cells to steroids of different classes. (1/10387)

Ambiguity of the thymidine index. (2/10387)

Energy depletion differently affects membrane transport and intracellular metabolism of riboflavin taken up by isolated rat enterocytes. (3/10387)

(S)-(-)-Cotinine, the major brain metabolite of nicotine, stimulates nicotinic receptors to evoke [3H]dopamine release from rat striatal slices in a calcium-dependent manner. (4/10387)

[3H]gemcitabine uptake by nucleoside transporters in a human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line. (5/10387)

Age-related reductions in [3H]WIN 35,428 binding to the dopamine transporter in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic brain regions of the fischer 344 rat. (6/10387)

Redundant systems of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis via acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (7/10387)

Homologous regulation of the alpha2C-adrenoceptor subtype in human hepatocarcinoma, HepG2. (8/10387)

Tritium

Food Contamination, Radioactive

Tamaricaceae

Isotope Labeling

Radioactive Pollutants

Hydrology

Borohydrides

Radioisotope Dilution Technique

Water Pollution, Radioactive

Water Pollutants, Radioactive

Nuclear Power Plants

Norepinephrine

Vas Deferens

Deuterium

Soil Pollutants, Radioactive

Scintillation Counting

Autoradiography

Carbon Radioisotopes

Electric Stimulation

Chromatography, Thin Layer

Nuclear Reactors

Kinetics

Cholestanes

Yohimbine

Groundwater

Ketosteroids

Crotonates

Stereoisomerism

Autoreceptors

Propionibacterium

Methods

Beta Particles

Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha

Uracil

Thymidine

Phenoxybenzamine

Nicardipine

Body Fluid Compartments

Diltiazem

Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2

Body Water

Desipramine

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists

Cobalt Radioisotopes

Adrenergic Fibers

Receptors, Adrenergic

Oxygen Isotopes

Chemistry

Chemical Phenomena

Liver

Poly U

Rats, Inbred Strains

Environmental Monitoring

Saphenous Vein

Guinea Pigs

Tetrodotoxin

Clonidine

Pyridoxal Phosphate

Oxidation-Reduction

Mass Spectrometry

Muscle Contraction

Steroid Hydroxylases

Phentolamine

Neurotransmitter Agents

Chromatography

Sympathetic Nervous System

RNA, Transfer

Water

Nifedipine

Nerve Endings

Cocaine

Environmental Exposure

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Histidine

Thymidylate Synthase

Hydrogen

Verapamil

Mathematics

Steroids and hematopoiesis. III. The response of granulocytic and erythroid colony-forming cells to steroids of different classes. (1/10387)

Ambiguity of the thymidine index. (2/10387)