Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas Vaginitis
Trichomonas
Metronidazole
Tritrichomonas foetus
Vaginal Discharge
Pyruvate Synthase
Vaginosis, Bacterial
Gardnerella vaginalis
Gonorrhea
Giardia lamblia
Urethritis
Ornidazole
Tinidazole
Trichomonadida
Mycoplasma hominis
Vaginal Smears
Amebicides
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Mycoplasma genitalium
Totiviridae
Specimen Handling
Organelles
Urine
Entamoeba
New Orleans
Reproductive Tract Infections
Lung Diseases, Parasitic
Culture Media
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial
Giardia
Dichlorophen
Mobiluncus
Adhesion of Tritrichomonas foetus to bovine vaginal epithelial cells. (1/71)
An in vitro culture system of bovine vaginal epithelial cells (BVECs) was developed to study the cytopathogenic effects of Tritrichomonas foetus and the role of lipophosphoglycan (LPG)-like cell surface glycoconjugates in adhesion of parasites to host cells. Exposure of BVEC monolayers to T. foetus resulted in extensive damage of monolayers. Host cell disruption was measured quantitatively by a trypan blue exclusion assay and by release of (3)H from [(3)H]thymidine-labeled host cells. Results indicated contact-dependent cytotoxicity of host cells by T. foetus. The cytopathogenic effect was a function of T. foetus density. Metronidazole- or periodate-treated T. foetus showed no damage to BVEC monolayers. A related human trichomonad, Trichomonas vaginalis, showed no cytotoxic effects, indicating species-specific host-parasite interactions. A direct binding assay was developed and used to investigate the role of a major cell surface LPG-like molecule in host-parasite adhesion. The results of competition experiments showed that the binding to BVECs was displaceable, was saturable, and yielded a typical binding curve, suggesting that specific receptor-ligand interactions mediate the attachment of T. foetus to BVECs. Progesterone-treated BVECs showed enhanced parasite binding. T. foetus LPG inhibited the binding of T. foetus to BVECs; the LPG from T. vaginalis and a variety of other glycoconjugates did not. These data imply specificity of LPG on host-parasite adhesion. Periodate-treated parasites showed no adherence to host cells, indicating the involvement of carbohydrate containing molecules in the adhesion process. (+info)Cytopathogenic effect of Trichomonas vaginalis on human vaginal epithelial cells cultured in vitro. (2/71)
In this study we established human vaginal epithelial cells (hVECs) in culture and evaluated their interaction with Trichomonas vaginalis parasites to complement previous studies using other cell types. Primary cultures of hVECs were established. Contaminating fibroblasts were separated from epithelial cells by differential trypsinization. Specific antibody staining revealed that over 92% of cells in hVEC monolayers were epithelial cells. T. vaginalis adhered to hVECs and produced severe cytotoxic effects resulting in obliteration of the monolayer within 24 h. Adherence and cytotoxicity were not observed when T. vaginalis was exposed to human vaginal fibroblasts or bovine vaginal epithelial cells. Likewise, the bovine parasite Tritrichomonas foetus had no cytotoxic effects on hVECs. We concluded that the interaction between T. vaginalis and hVECs is both cell specific (limited to epithelial cells and not vaginal fibroblasts) and species specific (limited to human vaginal cells and not bovine cells). Pretreatment of T. vaginalis with metronidazole or periodate abolished the adhesion of parasites to cell monolayers and the cytotoxic effect, suggesting involvement of carbohydrate-containing molecules in these processes. Different clinical isolates of T. vaginalis caused damage to cultured cells at different rates. Parasites separated from the vaginal cell monolayer by a permeable membrane did not produce a cytopathic effect, suggesting contact-dependent cytotoxicity. (+info)Strategies by which some pathogenic trichomonads integrate diverse signals in the decision-making process. (3/71)
The interaction between each one of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus with their hosts is a complex process in which components associated to the cell surfaces of both parasites and host epithelial cells, and also to soluble components found in vaginal/urethral secretions, are involved. Either cytoadhesion or the cytotoxicity exerted by parasites to host cells can be dictated by virulence factors such as adhesins, cysteine proteinases, laminin-binding proteins, integrins, integrin-like molecules, a cell detachment factor, a pore-forming protein, and glycosidases among others. How trichomonads manipulate informations from the extracellular medium, transduce such informations, and respond to them by stimulating the activities of some surface molecules and/or releasing enzymes are the aspects concerning trichomonal virulence which are here briefly reviewed and discussed. (+info)Morphologic aspects of Tetratrichomonas didelphidis isolated from opossums Didelphis marsupialis and Lutreolina crassicaudata. (4/71)
Tetratrichomonas didelphidis (Hegner & Ratcliffe, 1927) Andersen & Reilly, 1965 is a flagellate protozoan found in the intestine, cecum, and colon of Didelphis marsupialis. The parasitic protozoa used in this study was found and isolated in the intestine of opossums in Pavlova starch-containing medium in Florianopolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from D. marsupialis and Lutreolina crassicaudata. The strains were cultivated in Diamond medium without maltose and with starch solution, pH 7.5 at 28 degrees C. The specimens were stained by the Giemsa method and Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin. The light microscopy study of the trophozoites revealed the same morphologic characteristics as specimens previously described. (+info)Construction and bootstrap analysis of DNA fingerprinting-based phylogenetic trees with the freeware program FreeTree: application to trichomonad parasites. (5/71)
The Win95/98/NT program FreeTree for computation of distance matrices and construction of phylogenetic or phenetic trees on the basis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), RFLP and allozyme data is presented. In contrast to other similar software, the program FreeTree (available at http://www.natur.cuni.cz/~flegr/programs/freetree or http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/content/vol51/issue3/) can also assess the robustness of the tree topology by bootstrap, jackknife or operational taxonomic unit-jackknife analysis. Moreover, the program can be also used for the analysis of data obtained in several independent experiments performed with non-identical subsets of taxa. The function of the program was demonstrated by an analysis of RAPD data from 42 strains of 10 species of trichomonads. On the phylogenetic tree constructed using FreeTree, the high bootstrap values and short terminal branches for the Tritrichomonas foetus/suis 14-strain branch suggested relatively recent and probably clonal radiation of this species. At the same time, the relatively lower bootstrap values and long terminal branches for the Trichomonas vaginalis 20-strain branch suggested more ancient radiation of this species and the possible existence of genetic recombination (sexual reproduction) in this human pathogen. The low bootstrap values and the star-like topology of the whole Trichomonadidae tree confirm that the RAPD method is not suitable for phylogenetic analysis of protozoa at the level of higher taxa. It is proposed that the repeated bootstrap analysis should be an obligatory part of any RAPD study. It makes it possible to assess the reliability of the tree obtained and to adjust the amount of collected data (the number of random primers) to the amount of phylogenetic signals in the RAPD data of the taxon analysed. The FreeTree program makes such analysis possible. (+info)The classic approach to diagnosis of vulvovaginitis: a critical analysis. (6/71)
OBJECTIVE: To correlate the symptoms, signs and clinical diagnosis in women with vaginal discharge, based on the combined weight of the character of the vaginal discharge and bedside tests, with the laboratory diagnosis. METHODS: Women presenting consecutively to the women's health center with vaginal discharge were interviewed and examined for assessment of the quantity and color of the discharge. One drop of the material was then examined for pH and the whiff test was done; a wet mount in saline and in 10% KOH was examined microscopically. The clinical diagnosis was based on the results of these assessments. Gram stain and cultures of the discharge were sent to the microbiology laboratory. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-three women with vaginal discharge with a clinical diagnosis of vulvovaginitis participated in the study. Fifty-five (35.9%) had normal flora and the other 98 (64.1%) had true infectious vulvovaginitis (kappa agreement = 18%). According to the laboratory, the principal infectious micro-organism causing the vulvovaginitis was Candida species. Candida infection was associated with pH levels of less than 4.5 (p < 0.0001, odds ratio = 4.74, 95% confidence interval: 2.35-9.5, positive predictive value 68.4%). The whiff test was positive in only a small percentage of bacterial vaginosis (BV) (p = not significant (NS)). Clue cells were documented in 53.3% of patients with a laboratory diagnosis of BV (p < 0.02, positive predictive value 26.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The current approach to the diagnosis of vulvovaginitis should be further studied. The classical and time-consuming assessments were shown not to be reliable diagnostic measures. (+info)Reconstructing/deconstructing the earliest eukaryotes: how comparative genomics can help. (7/71)
We could reconstruct the evolution of eukaryote-specific molecular and cellular machinery if some living eukaryotes retained primitive cellular structures and we knew which eukaryotes these were. It's not clear that either is the case, but the expanding protist genomic database could help us in several ways. (+info)Application of a PCR assay to enhance the detection and identification of Tritrichomonas foetus in cultured preputial samples. (8/71)
The traditional diagnostic test for Tritrichomonas foetus involves collection of preputial or vaginal samples followed by culture in a growth media and microscopic examination. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have been described for use as a diagnostic assay. The objective of this study was to evaluate a previously described PCR assay for detecting T. foetus in cultured preputial material. The detection limits of the assay for T. foetus organisms in a growth medium, in samples prepared from washing microscope slides, and in preputial material cultured in a growth medium were determined. Preputial samples were collected from 13 bulls uninfected with T. foetus. The PCR assay was able to detect 5 T. foetus organisms in the growth medium and the cultured preputial material. Amplification products were obtained from samples prepared from washes of microscope slides containing as few as 3 visualized organisms. The PCR assay was able to detect organisms in culture at a lower concentration than was possible by direct microscopic examination. This low detection limit may allow the PCR assay to be used to enhance the sensitivity of the current diagnostic test. In addition, the assay could be used to confirm the identification of T. foetus organisms observed by direct microscopic examination when other confirmation techniques, such as staining and phase microscopy, are not practical. (+info)Trichomonas vaginalis is a species of protozoan parasite that causes the sexually transmitted infection known as trichomoniasis. It primarily infects the urogenital tract, with women being more frequently affected than men. The parasite exists as a motile, pear-shaped trophozoite, measuring about 10-20 micrometers in size.
T. vaginalis infection can lead to various symptoms, including vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, itching, and irritation in women, while men may experience urethral discharge or discomfort during urination. However, up to 50% of infected individuals might not develop any noticeable symptoms, making the infection challenging to recognize and treat without medical testing.
Diagnosis typically involves microscopic examination of vaginal secretions or urine samples, although nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are becoming more common due to their higher sensitivity and specificity. Treatment usually consists of oral metronidazole or tinidazole, which are antibiotics that target the parasite's ability to reproduce. It is essential to treat both partners simultaneously to prevent reinfection and ensure successful eradication of the parasite.
Trichomonas vaginitis is a type of vaginal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It is transmitted through sexual contact and primarily affects the urogenital tract. The infection can cause various symptoms in women, such as vaginal discharge with an unpleasant smell, itching, redness, and pain during urination or sex. However, up to 50% of infected individuals may be asymptomatic. In men, it often does not cause any symptoms but can lead to urethritis (inflammation of the urethra). Diagnosis is usually made through microscopic examination of vaginal secretions or a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Treatment typically involves prescription antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole, targeting both sexual partners to prevent reinfection.
Trichomonas is a genus of protozoan parasites that are commonly found in the human body, particularly in the urogenital tract. The most well-known species is Trichomonas vaginalis, which is responsible for the sexually transmitted infection known as trichomoniasis. This infection can cause various symptoms in both men and women, including vaginitis, urethritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease.
T. vaginalis is a pear-shaped flagellate protozoan that measures around 10 to 20 micrometers in length. It has four flagella at the anterior end and an undulating membrane along one side of its body, which helps it move through its environment. The parasite can attach itself to host cells using a specialized structure called an adhesion zone.
Trichomonas species are typically transmitted through sexual contact, although they can also be spread through the sharing of contaminated towels or clothing. Infection with T. vaginalis can increase the risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV).
Diagnosis of trichomoniasis typically involves the detection of T. vaginalis in a sample of vaginal or urethral discharge. Treatment usually involves the administration of antibiotics, such as metronidazole or tinidazole, which are effective at killing the parasite and curing the infection.
Trichomonas infection, also known as trichomoniasis, is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It primarily affects the urogenital tract and is more common in women than men. The symptoms in women can include vaginal discharge with an unpleasant smell, itching, redness, and pain during sexual intercourse or urination. Many men with trichomoniasis do not develop any symptoms, although some may experience discomfort, burning after urination, or a slight discharge from the penis. If left untreated, trichomoniasis can increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting other sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV. Diagnosis is usually made through microscopic examination of a sample of vaginal or urethral discharge, and treatment typically involves prescription antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole.
Antitrichomonatal agents are a group of medications specifically used to treat infections caused by the protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis. The most common antitrichomonal agent is metronidazole, which works by disrupting the parasite's ability to reproduce and survive within the human body. Other antitrichomonal agents include tinidazole and secnidazole, which also belong to the nitroimidazole class of antibiotics. These medications are available in various forms, such as tablets, capsules, or topical creams, and are typically prescribed by healthcare professionals for the treatment of trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can affect both men and women. It is important to note that these medications should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider, as they may have potential side effects and drug interactions.
The vagina is the canal that joins the cervix (the lower part of the uterus) to the outside of the body. It also is known as the birth canal because babies pass through it during childbirth. The vagina is where sexual intercourse occurs and where menstrual blood exits the body. It has a flexible wall that can expand and retract. During sexual arousal, the vaginal walls swell with blood to become more elastic in order to accommodate penetration.
It's important to note that sometimes people use the term "vagina" to refer to the entire female genital area, including the external structures like the labia and clitoris. But technically, these are considered part of the vulva, not the vagina.
Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. It is primarily used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites. Metronidazole works by interfering with the DNA of these organisms, which inhibits their ability to grow and multiply.
It is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, creams, and gels, and is often used to treat conditions such as bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, amebiasis, giardiasis, and pseudomembranous colitis.
Like all antibiotics, metronidazole should be taken only under the direction of a healthcare provider, as misuse can lead to antibiotic resistance and other complications.
Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that infects the reproductive and urinary tracts of various animals, including cattle and cats. In cattle, it causes a venereal disease known as trichomoniasis, which can lead to early embryonic death, abortion, or the birth of weak calves. In cats, it can cause chronic diarrhea. The parasite is transmitted through sexual contact or from an infected mother to her offspring during birth. It is characterized by its pear-shaped body and three flagella at the anterior end.
Parasitology is a branch of biology that deals with the study of parasites, their life cycles, the relationship between parasites and their hosts, the transmission of parasitic diseases, and the development of methods for their control and elimination. It involves understanding various types of parasites including protozoa, helminths, and arthropods that can infect humans, animals, and plants. Parasitologists also study the evolution, genetics, biochemistry, and ecology of parasites to develop effective strategies for their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Vaginal discharge refers to the fluid that comes out of the vagina on a regular basis. It's a normal and healthy process for the body to keep the vagina clean and maintain its pH balance. The amount, color, and consistency of vaginal discharge can vary throughout a woman's menstrual cycle and can also be influenced by various factors such as pregnancy, sexual arousal, and infections.
Normal vaginal discharge is typically clear or white and may have a mild odor. However, if the discharge changes in color, consistency, or smell, or if it's accompanied by symptoms such as itching, burning, or pain, it could be a sign of an infection or other medical condition that requires treatment.
It is important to note that while vaginal discharge is a normal bodily function, any abnormal changes should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Leukorrhea is a medical term that refers to a white or yellowish-white discharge from the vagina. It's composed of cells shed from the lining of the vagina, fluid, and bacteria. While it can be normal and occur throughout a woman's reproductive years due to hormonal changes, it can also indicate an infection or inflammation, particularly when it's accompanied by symptoms like itching, burning, foul odor, or pain. Common causes of abnormal leukorrhea include bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, and sexually transmitted infections.
I believe you may have meant to ask for the definition of "pyruvate dehydrogenase complex" rather than "pyruvate synthase," as I couldn't find any relevant medical information regarding a specific enzyme named "pyruvate synthase."
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a crucial enzyme complex in the human body, playing an essential role in cellular energy production. PDC is located within the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, into acetyl-CoA. This process connects the glycolytic pathway to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and enables the continuation of aerobic respiration for efficient energy production in the form of ATP.
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex consists of three main enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3). Additionally, two accessory proteins, E3-binding protein (E3BP) and protein X, are part of the complex. These enzymes work together to facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH. Dysfunction in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can lead to various metabolic disorders and neurological symptoms.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), also known as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), are a group of diseases or infections that spread primarily through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, and anal sex. They can also be transmitted through non-sexual means such as mother-to-child transmission during childbirth or breastfeeding, or via shared needles.
STDs can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and some may not show any symptoms at all. Common STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV/AIDS, human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis B, and pubic lice.
If left untreated, some STDs can lead to serious health complications, such as infertility, organ damage, blindness, or even death. It is important to practice safe sex and get regular screenings for STDs if you are sexually active, especially if you have multiple partners or engage in high-risk behaviors.
Preventive measures include using barrier methods of protection, such as condoms, dental dams, and female condoms, getting vaccinated against HPV and hepatitis B, and limiting the number of sexual partners. If you suspect that you may have an STD, it is important to seek medical attention promptly for diagnosis and treatment.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition that occurs when there's an imbalance or overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina. It's not technically considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but certain activities such as unprotected sex can increase the risk of developing BV. The normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, leading to symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge with a strong fishy odor, burning during urination, and itching or irritation around the outside of the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis is diagnosed through a pelvic examination and laboratory tests to identify the type of bacteria present in the vagina. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, either in the form of pills or creams that are inserted into the vagina. It's important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have bacterial vaginosis, as it can increase the risk of complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and preterm labor during pregnancy.
Vaginitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the vagina, often accompanied by an alteration in the normal vaginal flora and an associated discharge. It can result from infectious (bacterial, viral, or fungal) or noninfectious causes, such as chemical irritants, allergies, or hormonal changes. Common symptoms include abnormal vaginal discharge with varying colors, odors, and consistencies; itching; burning; and pain during urination or sexual intercourse. The specific diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis depend on the underlying cause, which is typically determined through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.
Gardnerella vaginalis is a gram-variable, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium that is part of the normal microbiota of the human vagina. However, an overgrowth of this organism can lead to a condition known as bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is characterized by a shift in the balance of vaginal flora, resulting in a decrease in beneficial lactobacilli and an increase in Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic bacteria. This imbalance can cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge with a fishy odor, itching, and burning. It's important to note that while G. vaginalis is commonly associated with BV, its presence alone does not necessarily indicate the presence of the condition.
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as "gono" bacteria. It can infect various parts of the body including the genitals, rectum, and throat. The bacteria are typically transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.
Symptoms may vary but often include abnormal discharge from the genitals or rectum, painful or burning sensations during urination, and in women, vaginal bleeding between periods. However, many people with gonorrhea do not develop symptoms, making it essential to get tested regularly if you are sexually active with multiple partners or have unprotected sex.
If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to severe complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men, which may result in infertility. In rare cases, it can spread to the bloodstream and cause life-threatening conditions like sepsis.
Gonorrhea is curable with appropriate antibiotic treatment; however, drug-resistant strains of the bacteria have emerged, making accurate diagnosis and effective treatment increasingly challenging. Prevention methods include using condoms during sexual activity and practicing safe sex habits.
"Giardia lamblia," also known as "Giardia duodenalis" or "Giardia intestinalis," is a species of microscopic parasitic protozoan that colonizes and reproduces in the small intestine of various vertebrates, including humans. It is the most common cause of human giardiasis, a diarrheal disease. The trophozoite (feeding form) of Giardia lamblia has a distinctive tear-drop shape and possesses flagella for locomotion. It attaches to the intestinal epithelium, disrupting the normal function of the small intestine and leading to various gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, and dehydration. Giardia lamblia is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water.
Urethritis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation of the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Urethritis can be caused by various factors, including bacterial or viral infections, chemical irritants, or trauma to the urethra.
The most common cause of urethritis is a bacterial infection, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, which can be transmitted through sexual contact. Other symptoms of urethritis may include pain or burning during urination, discharge from the urethra, and frequent urination.
Urethritis is typically diagnosed through a physical examination and laboratory tests to identify the underlying cause of the inflammation. Treatment for urethritis depends on the cause but may include antibiotics or other medications to treat infections, as well as measures to relieve symptoms such as pain and discomfort.
Antiprotozoal agents are a type of medication used to treat protozoal infections, which are infections caused by microscopic single-celled organisms called protozoa. These agents work by either killing the protozoa or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. They can be administered through various routes, including oral, topical, and intravenous, depending on the type of infection and the severity of the illness.
Examples of antiprotozoal agents include:
* Metronidazole, tinidazole, and nitazoxanide for treating infections caused by Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica.
* Atovaquone, clindamycin, and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine for treating malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum or other Plasmodium species.
* Pentamidine and suramin for treating African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or T. b. rhodesiense.
* Nitroimidazoles, such as benznidazole and nifurtimox, for treating Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.
* Sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin for treating leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania species.
Antiprotozoal agents can have side effects, ranging from mild to severe, depending on the drug and the individual patient's response. It is essential to follow the prescribing physician's instructions carefully when taking these medications and report any adverse reactions promptly.
Ornidazole is an antiprotozoal and antibacterial medication. It is primarily used to treat infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria and protozoan parasites. Ornidazole works by disrupting the DNA of these microorganisms, leading to their death.
Common indications for its use include the treatment of various types of bacterial infections such as skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, and gynecological infections. It is also used to treat certain protozoan infections, including amebiasis and giardiasis.
Ornidazole is available in various forms, such as tablets, capsules, and intravenous (IV) solutions, and its use should be based on the specific infection being treated and the patient's individual medical history. As with any medication, it can have side effects, and its use should be monitored by a healthcare professional to ensure its safe and effective use.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a medical condition that refers to an infection in the vagina and vulva caused by Candida fungus, most commonly Candida albicans. This type of infection is also commonly known as a yeast infection. The symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis can include itching, redness, swelling, pain, and soreness in the affected area, as well as thick, white vaginal discharge that may resemble cottage cheese. In some cases, there may also be burning during urination or sexual intercourse. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common condition that affects many women at some point in their lives, and it can be treated with antifungal medications.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Protozoan Proteins" is not a specific medical or scientific term. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms, and proteins are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acid residues. Therefore, "Protozoan Proteins" generally refers to the various types of proteins found in protozoa.
However, if you're looking for information about proteins specific to certain protozoan parasites with medical relevance (such as Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria), I would be happy to help! Please provide more context or specify the particular protozoan of interest.
Tritrichomonas is a genus of protozoan parasites that are commonly found in the digestive tracts of various animals, including humans. The most well-known species is Tritrichomonas foetus, which is a significant pathogen in cattle, causing a venereal disease known as bovine trichomoniasis.
In humans, Tritrichomonas vaginalis is the species that is associated with infection, specifically in the urogenital tract of women. It can cause a condition called trichomoniasis, which is typically characterized by vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina) and discharge. However, it's important to note that many people infected with T. vaginalis are asymptomatic, and the infection can sometimes lead to more severe complications such as preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy.
Tritrichomonas species are characterized by having three flagella at the anterior end and one at the posterior end, which they use for movement. They are usually transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated fomites. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent the spread of infection and potential complications.
Tinidazole is an antiprotozoal and antibacterial medication used to treat various infections caused by parasites or bacteria. According to the Medical Dictionary, it is defined as:
"A synthetic nitroimidazole antimicrobial agent, similar to metronidazole, that is active against a wide range of anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic. It is used in the treatment of various clinical conditions, including bacterial vaginosis, amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and pseudomembranous colitis."
Tinidazole works by interfering with the DNA of the microorganisms, which leads to their death. It is available in oral tablet form and is typically prescribed for a duration of 2-5 days, depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated. Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, headache, and changes in taste sensation.
There doesn't seem to be a specific medical definition for "DNA, protozoan" as it is simply a reference to the DNA found in protozoa. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that can be found in various environments such as soil, water, and the digestive tracts of animals.
Protozoan DNA refers to the genetic material present in these organisms. It is composed of nucleic acids, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which contain the instructions for the development, growth, and reproduction of the protozoan.
The DNA in protozoa, like in other organisms, is made up of two strands of nucleotides that coil together to form a double helix. The four nucleotide bases that make up protozoan DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). These bases pair with each other to form the rungs of the DNA ladder, with A always pairing with T and G always pairing with C.
The genetic information stored in protozoan DNA is encoded in the sequence of these nucleotide bases. This information is used to synthesize proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of the organism's cells. Protozoan DNA also contains other types of genetic material, such as regulatory sequences that control gene expression and repetitive elements with no known function.
Understanding the DNA of protozoa is important for studying their biology, evolution, and pathogenicity. It can help researchers develop new treatments for protozoan diseases and gain insights into the fundamental principles of genetics and cellular function.
Trichomonadida is an order of predominantly parasitic flagellated protozoans, characterized by the presence of four anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. The most well-known member of this group is Trichomonas vaginalis, which causes the common sexually transmitted infection known as trichomoniasis in humans. This infection primarily affects the urogenital tract and can lead to symptoms such as vaginitis or urethritis in women and men, respectively. However, many Trichomonadida infections are asymptomatic. Other species in this order can infect various animals, including birds and reptiles.
Mycoplasma hominis is a species of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are among the smallest free-living organisms. They are commonly found as part of the normal flora in the genitourinary tract of humans, particularly in the urethra, cervix, and vagina. However, they can also cause various infections, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems or in the presence of other risk factors.
M. hominis has been associated with several types of infections, including:
1. Genital tract infections: M. hominis can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), cervicitis, urethritis, and endometritis in women. In men, it may lead to urethritis and prostatitis.
2. Postpartum and post-abortion fever: M. hominis can contribute to febrile morbidity following delivery or abortion.
3. Respiratory tract infections: While rare, M. hominis has been implicated in some cases of respiratory tract infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
4. Joint and soft tissue infections: M. hominis can cause septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and other soft tissue infections, especially in patients with underlying joint diseases or compromised immune systems.
5. Central nervous system (CNS) infections: Although uncommon, M. hominis has been associated with CNS infections such as meningitis and brain abscesses, primarily in immunocompromised individuals.
6. Bloodstream infections: Bacteremia due to M. hominis is rare but can occur in immunocompromised patients or those with indwelling catheters.
Diagnosis of M. hominis infections typically involves the detection of the organism through various laboratory methods, such as culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or serological tests. Treatment usually consists of antibiotics that target mycoplasmas, such as macrolides (e.g., azithromycin) or tetracyclines (e.g., doxycycline). However, resistance to certain antibiotics has been reported in some M. hominis strains.
A vaginal smear, also known as a Pap test or Pap smear, is a medical procedure in which a sample of cells is collected from the cervix (the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina) and examined under a microscope. The purpose of this test is to detect abnormal cells, including precancerous changes, that may indicate the presence of cervical cancer or other conditions such as infections or inflammation.
During the procedure, a speculum is inserted into the vagina to allow the healthcare provider to visualize the cervix. A spatula or brush is then used to gently scrape cells from the surface of the cervix. The sample is spread onto a microscope slide and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
Regular Pap smears are recommended for women as part of their routine healthcare, as they can help detect abnormalities at an early stage when they are more easily treated. The frequency of Pap smears may vary depending on age, medical history, and other factors. It is important to follow the recommendations of a healthcare provider regarding the timing and frequency of Pap smears.
Vaginal diseases refer to various medical conditions that affect the vagina, which is the female reproductive organ that extends from the cervix (the lower part of the uterus) to the external part of the genitalia (vulva). These diseases can cause a range of symptoms, including discharge, itching, burning, pain, and discomfort. Some common vaginal diseases include:
1. Vaginitis: It is an inflammation or infection of the vagina that can cause abnormal discharge, itching, and irritation. The most common causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, and trichomoniasis.
2. Vulvovaginitis: It is an inflammation or infection of both the vagina and vulva that can cause redness, swelling, itching, and pain. The causes of vulvovaginitis are similar to those of vaginitis and include bacterial infections, yeast infections, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
3. Vaginal dryness: It is a common condition that affects many women, especially after menopause. It can cause discomfort during sexual intercourse and lead to other symptoms such as itching and burning.
4. Vaginal cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that develop in the vagina due to various reasons, including inflammation, injury, or congenital abnormalities.
5. Vaginal cancer: It is a rare type of cancer that affects the vagina. The most common symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding, discharge, and pain during sexual intercourse.
6. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Several STIs, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, and human papillomavirus (HPV), can affect the vagina and cause various symptoms, including discharge, pain, and sores.
It is essential to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of vaginal diseases to receive proper diagnosis and treatment.
'Chlamydia trachomatis' is a species of bacterium that is the causative agent of several infectious diseases in humans. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning it can only survive and reproduce inside host cells. The bacteria are transmitted through sexual contact, and can cause a range of genital tract infections, including urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and epididymitis. In women, chlamydial infection can also lead to serious complications such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility.
In addition to genital infections, 'Chlamydia trachomatis' is also responsible for two other diseases: trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Trachoma is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, affecting mostly children in developing countries. It is spread through contact with contaminated hands, clothing, or eye secretions. LGV is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes, rectum, and genitals.
'Chlamydia trachomatis' infections are often asymptomatic, making them difficult to diagnose and treat. However, they can be detected through laboratory tests such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) or culture. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. Prevention measures include safe sex practices, regular screening for STIs, and good hygiene.
Amebicides are medications that are used to treat infections caused by amebae, which are single-celled microorganisms. One common ameba that can cause infection in humans is Entamoeba histolytica, which can lead to a condition called amebiasis. Amebicides work by killing or inhibiting the growth of the amebae. Some examples of amebicides include metronidazole, tinidazole, and chloroquine. It's important to note that these medications should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can have side effects and may interact with other medications.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a species of gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus that is the etiologic agent of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection. It is commonly found in the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, urethra, and rectum, as well as the throat and eyes. The bacterium can cause a range of symptoms, including discharge, burning during urination, and, in women, abnormal menstrual bleeding. If left untreated, it can lead to more serious complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. It is important to note that N. gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to many antibiotics over time, making treatment more challenging. A culture or nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is used for the diagnosis of this infection.
Chlamydia infections are caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and can affect multiple body sites, including the genitals, eyes, and respiratory system. The most common type of chlamydia infection is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that affects the genitals.
In women, chlamydia infections can cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge, burning during urination, and pain in the lower abdomen. In men, symptoms may include discharge from the penis, painful urination, and testicular pain or swelling. However, many people with chlamydia infections do not experience any symptoms at all.
If left untreated, chlamydia infections can lead to serious complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy. In men, chlamydia infections can cause epididymitis, an inflammation of the tube that carries sperm from the testicles, which can also lead to infertility.
Chlamydia infections are diagnosed through a variety of tests, including urine tests and swabs taken from the affected area. Once diagnosed, chlamydia infections can be treated with antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. It is important to note that treatment only clears the infection and does not repair any damage caused by the infection.
Prevention measures include practicing safe sex, getting regular STI screenings, and avoiding sharing towels or other personal items that may come into contact with infected bodily fluids.
Mycoplasma genitalium is a small, bacteria that lack a cell wall and can be found in the urinary and genital tracts of humans. It's known to cause several urogenital infections, such as urethritis in men and cervicitis in women. In some cases, it may also lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy in women. Mycoplasma genitalium can be sexually transmitted and is often associated with HIV transmission. Due to its small size and atypical growth requirements, it can be challenging to culture and diagnose using standard microbiological methods. Molecular tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), are commonly used for detection in clinical settings.
Totiviridae is a family of non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA viruses that infect fungi and protozoa. The name "Totiviridae" is derived from the Latin word "totus," meaning "complete" or "whole," which refers to the fact that these viruses have a single segment of linear, non-segmented, double-stranded RNA genome.
The genome of Totiviridae viruses is around 4.6-5.3 kilobases in length and encodes two major proteins: the capsid protein and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The capsid protein forms a icosahedral symmetry capsid that protects the genome, while the RdRp is responsible for replicating the viral genome.
Totiviridae viruses are transmitted vertically from parent to offspring and can establish persistent infections in their hosts. They are not known to cause any significant disease symptoms in their natural hosts, but they can interfere with the host's growth and development. In some cases, Totiviridae viruses have been shown to provide resistance to other viral infections in their hosts.
Overall, Totiviridae viruses are important pathogens in fungi and protozoa, and understanding their biology and interactions with their hosts can provide insights into the development of novel antiviral strategies.
Specimen handling is a set of procedures and practices followed in the collection, storage, transportation, and processing of medical samples or specimens (e.g., blood, tissue, urine, etc.) for laboratory analysis. Proper specimen handling ensures accurate test results, patient safety, and data integrity. It includes:
1. Correct labeling of the specimen container with required patient information.
2. Using appropriate containers and materials to collect, store, and transport the specimen.
3. Following proper collection techniques to avoid contamination or damage to the specimen.
4. Adhering to specific storage conditions (temperature, time, etc.) before testing.
5. Ensuring secure and timely transportation of the specimen to the laboratory.
6. Properly documenting all steps in the handling process for traceability and quality assurance.
Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions essential for the cell's survival and proper functioning. They can be thought of as the "organs" of the cell, and they are typically membrane-bound to separate them from the rest of the cellular cytoplasm. Examples of organelles include the nucleus (which contains the genetic material), mitochondria (which generate energy for the cell), ribosomes (which synthesize proteins), endoplasmic reticulum (which is involved in protein and lipid synthesis), Golgi apparatus (which modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport), lysosomes (which break down waste materials and cellular debris), peroxisomes (which detoxify harmful substances and produce certain organic compounds), and vacuoles (which store nutrients and waste products). The specific organelles present in a cell can vary depending on the type of cell and its function.
Urine is a physiological excretory product that is primarily composed of water, urea, and various ions (such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and others) that are the byproducts of protein metabolism. It also contains small amounts of other substances like uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, and various organic compounds. Urine is produced by the kidneys through a process called urination or micturition, where it is filtered from the blood and then stored in the bladder until it is excreted from the body through the urethra. The color, volume, and composition of urine can provide important diagnostic information about various medical conditions.
Genes in protozoa refer to the hereditary units of these single-celled organisms that carry genetic information necessary for their growth, development, and reproduction. These genes are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules, which contain sequences of nucleotide bases that code for specific proteins or RNA molecules. Protozoan genes are responsible for various functions, such as metabolism, response to environmental stimuli, and reproduction.
It is important to note that the study of protozoan genes has contributed significantly to our understanding of genetics and evolution, particularly in areas such as molecular biology, cell biology, and genomics. However, there is still much to be learned about the genetic diversity and complexity of these organisms, which continue to be an active area of research.
'Entamoeba' is a genus of protozoan parasites that are commonly found in the intestinal tract of humans and other primates. The most well-known species is 'Entamoeba histolytica,' which can cause a serious infection known as amoebiasis. This parasite is typically transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, and it can invade the intestinal wall and spread to other organs in the body, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Other species of Entamoeba are generally considered non-pathogenic, meaning that they do not cause disease in healthy individuals.
Nifuratel is an antimicrobial drug that belongs to the class of nitrofurans. It is primarily used as a topical agent for the treatment of various skin infections, including bacterial and fungal infections. Nifuratel works by inhibiting certain bacterial enzymes, which interferes with their ability to grow and multiply.
It's important to note that nifuratel is not commonly used systemically (i.e., taken orally or injected) due to its limited absorption in the body. It is primarily available as a cream or ointment for topical use. As with any medication, it should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, and its use may be subject to specific regulations and restrictions depending on the country and region.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New Orleans" is not a medical term. It is a place name, referring to the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States, and known for its distinctive French Creole and Spanish architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage.
If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) refer to infections that are localized in the reproductive organs, including the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and prostate gland. These infections can be caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
RTIs can lead to a range of complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and increased risk of HIV transmission. They can also cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during sexual intercourse, irregular menstrual bleeding, and lower abdominal pain.
RTIs are often sexually transmitted but can also be caused by other factors such as poor hygiene, use of intrauterine devices (IUDs), and invasive gynecological procedures. Prevention measures include safe sexual practices, good personal hygiene, and timely treatment of infections.
Parasitic lung diseases refer to conditions caused by infection of the lungs by parasites. These are small organisms that live on or in a host organism and derive their sustenance at the expense of the host. Parasitic lung diseases can be caused by various types of parasites, including helminths (worms) and protozoa.
Examples of parasitic lung diseases include:
1. Pulmonary echinococcosis (hydatid disease): This is a rare infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The larvae form cysts in various organs, including the lungs.
2. Paragonimiasis: This is a food-borne lung fluke infection caused by Paragonimus westermani and other species. Humans become infected by eating raw or undercooked crustaceans (such as crabs or crayfish) that contain the larval stage of the parasite.
3. Toxocariasis: This is a soil-transmitted helminth infection caused by the roundworm Toxocara canis or T. cati, which are found in the intestines of dogs and cats. Humans become infected through accidental ingestion of contaminated soil, undercooked meat, or through contact with an infected animal's feces. Although the primary site of infection is the small intestine, larval migration can lead to lung involvement in some cases.
4. Amebic lung disease: This is a rare complication of amebiasis, which is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. The parasite usually infects the large intestine, but it can spread to other organs, including the lungs, through the bloodstream.
5. Cryptosporidiosis: This is a waterborne protozoan infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or C. hominis. Although the primary site of infection is the small intestine, immunocompromised individuals can develop disseminated disease, including pulmonary involvement.
Symptoms of parasitic lung diseases vary depending on the specific organism and the severity of infection but may include cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, and sputum production. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, such as stool or blood examinations for parasites or their antigens. Treatment depends on the specific organism but may include antiparasitic medications, supportive care, and management of complications.
Culture media is a substance that is used to support the growth of microorganisms or cells in an artificial environment, such as a petri dish or test tube. It typically contains nutrients and other factors that are necessary for the growth and survival of the organisms being cultured. There are many different types of culture media, each with its own specific formulation and intended use. Some common examples include blood agar, which is used to culture bacteria; Sabouraud dextrose agar, which is used to culture fungi; and Eagle's minimum essential medium, which is used to culture animal cells.
RNA viruses are a type of virus that contain ribonucleic acid (RNA) as their genetic material, as opposed to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). RNA viruses replicate by using an enzyme called RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to transcribe and replicate their RNA genome.
There are several different groups of RNA viruses, including:
1. Negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome that is complementary to the mRNA and must undergo transcription to produce mRNA before translation can occur. Examples include influenza virus, measles virus, and rabies virus.
2. Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome that can serve as mRNA and can be directly translated into protein after entry into the host cell. Examples include poliovirus, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses.
3. Double-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome consisting of double-stranded RNA and use a complex replication strategy involving both transcription and reverse transcription. Examples include rotaviruses and reoviruses.
RNA viruses are known to cause a wide range of human diseases, ranging from the common cold to more severe illnesses such as hepatitis C, polio, and COVID-19. Due to their high mutation rates and ability to adapt quickly to new environments, RNA viruses can be difficult to control and treat with antiviral drugs or vaccines.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are infections that can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. When referring to bacterial STDs, these are infections caused by bacteria. Examples of bacterial STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). These infections can be treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated, they can cause serious health problems, such as infertility, organ damage, and even death. It is important to practice safe sex and get regular STD screenings to prevent and promptly treat bacterial STDs.
Giardia is a genus of microscopic parasitic flagellates that cause giardiasis, a type of diarrheal disease. The most common species to infect humans is Giardia intestinalis (also known as Giardia lamblia or Giardia duodenalis). These microscopic parasites are found worldwide, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and unsafe water.
Giardia exists in two forms: the trophozoite, which is the actively feeding form that multiplies in the small intestine, and the cyst, which is the infective stage that is passed in feces and can survive outside the body for long periods under appropriate conditions. Infection occurs when a person ingests contaminated water or food, or comes into direct contact with an infected person's feces.
Once inside the body, the cysts transform into trophozoites, which attach to the lining of the small intestine and disrupt the normal function of the digestive system, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, dehydration, and weight loss. In some cases, giardiasis can cause long-term health problems, particularly in children, including malnutrition and developmental delays.
Preventing the spread of Giardia involves maintaining good hygiene practices, such as washing hands thoroughly after using the toilet or changing diapers, avoiding contaminated water sources, and practicing safe food handling and preparation. In cases where infection occurs, medication is usually effective in treating the illness.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Dichlorophen" is not a medical term or a widely recognized pharmacological agent in clinical use. It might be referring to certain chemical compounds that contain dichlorophenyl groups, which are used in various industrial applications and pesticides. However, these are not typically used in medical contexts.
If you have any more specific information about the term or its context, I'd be happy to help further!
"Mobiluncus" is a genus of gram-variable, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are part of the normal vaginal flora in women. There are two species, Mobiluncus curtisii and Mobiluncus mulieris. These bacteria are often associated with bacterial vaginosis, a condition characterized by a shift in the balance of vaginal bacteria, leading to symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge and odor. However, it's important to note that not all women who have these bacteria in their vagina will develop bacterial vaginosis.
Potassium compounds refer to substances that contain the element potassium (chemical symbol: K) combined with one or more other elements. Potassium is an alkali metal that has the atomic number 19 and is highly reactive, so it is never found in its free form in nature. Instead, it is always found combined with other elements in the form of potassium compounds.
Potassium compounds can be ionic or covalent, depending on the properties of the other element(s) with which it is combined. In general, potassium forms ionic compounds with nonmetals and covalent compounds with other metals. Ionic potassium compounds are formed when potassium donates one electron to a nonmetal, forming a positively charged potassium ion (K+) and a negatively charged nonmetal ion.
Potassium compounds have many important uses in medicine, industry, and agriculture. For example, potassium chloride is used as a salt substitute and to treat or prevent low potassium levels in the blood. Potassium citrate is used to treat kidney stones and to alkalinize urine. Potassium iodide is used to treat thyroid disorders and to protect the thyroid gland from radioactive iodine during medical imaging procedures.
It's important to note that some potassium compounds can be toxic or even fatal if ingested in large quantities, so they should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
I am not a medical professional, but I can tell you that there is no specific medical definition for "blogging." Blogging is a general term used to describe the act of creating and maintaining a blog or weblog. A blog is a website that contains regularly updated entries, typically written in an informal or conversational style.
Blogging has become a popular way for people to share their thoughts, experiences, and expertise on various topics, including health and wellness. Some healthcare professionals also use blogs as a platform to provide medical information, advice, and updates to their patients and the general public. However, it is essential to note that any medical information obtained from blogs should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
Trichomonas
Trichomonas gallinae
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas tenax
Biraj Mohan Das Gupta
Urethra
Golden eagle
Ornithine(lysine) transaminase
Relda Marie Cailleau
Ann Bishop (biologist)
Trichomoniasis
Alfred François Donné
Protozoan infection
Bacterial vaginosis
Patricia G. Parker
Axostyle
Pap test
Glycogen
Postcoital bleeding
Mourning dove
C. Lee Buxton
Trichomonasvirus
Patricia J. Johnson
Carnidazole
Hydrogenosome
Arsonic acid (functional group)
Vaginal discharge
Vaginal wet mount
Jane M. Carlton
Flavin reductase
Trichomonas - Wikipedia
CDC - Parasites - Trichomonas vaginalis Susceptibility Testing
NHANES 2003-2004: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) & Trichomonas vaginalis Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies
Solana Trichomonas Assay | Quidel
Your Guide to Trichomonas Vaginalis
Tractors, Trichomonas & Tags: understanding Turtle Dove decline | Sovon
Sexual Health Information: Trichomonas and STDs
Trichomonas (Steven B. Harris, M.D.; Bill Savary)
Difference Between Trichomonas and Giardia (1) | Difference Between
Figure - Trichomonas vaginalis Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in 6 US Cities, STD Surveillance Network, 2009-2010 - Volume 18,...
مقاله Incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among female smokers
Cervical Cytology of Samples with Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis,...
PRIME PubMed | Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among Egyptian women using culture and Latex agglutination: cross...
Diagnostic utility of p16 immunocytochemistry for Trichomonas in urine cytology - CytoJournal
Fluorescent Antisera in the Detection of Serological Varieties of Trichomonas vaginalis. | Sexually Transmitted Infections
Fewer Trichomonas vaginalis organisms in vaginas of infected women during menstruation | Sexually Transmitted Infections
Prevalence of rectal Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium in male patients at the San Francisco STD clinic, 2005-2006
Chain A, Trichomonas vaginalis purine nucleoside phosphorylase (Trichomonas vaginalis) | Protein Target - PubChem
Mainland Physicians' Newsletter NEW Trichomonas test - LifeLabs
Trichomonas Parasites In Birds
Trichomonas - Bovine Regulatory (Culture) - Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory
Trichomonas Stains
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trihomonijaza - Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas Test in Delaware: Find and book a Trichomonas test with Solv
Trichomonas vaginalis » Clinical Laboratory Science
Trichomonas vaginal infections - Nao Medical
Trichomoniasis10
- The Solana Trichomonas Assay is a rapid in vitro diagnostic test for the qualitative detection of nucleic acids isolated from clinician-collected vaginal swab specimens or urine specimens obtained from asymptomatic or symptomatic patients to aid in the diagnosis of Trichomoniasis. (quidel.com)
- Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas gallinae) - Pigeon Canker. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- This page contains detailed, but simple to understand, information on the bird disease trichomoniasis or "Canker", which is caused by the protozoan organism Trichomonas gallinae . (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- Trichomonas vaginal infections, also known as trichomoniasis, is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. (naomedical.com)
- A Trichomonas infection is formally called trichomoniasis, and includes vaginitis, characterized by a yellow-green colored vaginal discharge. (pixorize.com)
- Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan, and causes the sexually-transmitted disease known as trichomoniasis. (blogspot.com)
- Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the motile parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis ( T. vaginalis ). (codemint.net)
- Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent causing human trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection found worldwide. (pacific.edu)
- The artus T. vaginalis QS-RGQ Kit is an in vitro real-time PCR assay for the direct qualitative detection of Trichomonas vaginalis DNA purified from clinician-collected vaginal swabs, endocervical swabs, and urine samples (male and female) from symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects as an aid in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. (qiagen.com)
- Trichomoniasis also impacts upon birth outcomes and is a co-factor in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and acquisition.Trichomonas vaginalis is a motile organism with a size comparable to a white blood cell. (medomics-dx.net)
Infection10
- Smoking is one of themain risk factors for infections in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, reproductive tract and othersystems in humans and increases their prevalence.Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the three nonviralsexually transmitted diseases and the most common curable sexually transmitted infection inthe world, which can increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, HIV transmission andpremature birth. (civilica.com)
- We aimed to present a compressive review of probability of being infectedwith Trichomonas vaginalis in smokers compared to non-smokers.Results: A person's smoking status is an independent risk factor for trichomonas infection andleads to an increased likelihood of developing this infection.Conclusion: Finally, the results of various studies showed that the prevalence of Trichomonasvaginalis infection is higher in smokers than in non-smokers. (civilica.com)
- Vaginal swabs were obtained from all patients for examination by direct wet mount examination, Giemsa staining, Modified Diamond culture and latex agglutination test Kalon) to detect the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The prevalence of trichomonas infection was 50 cases, latex agglutination test detected 50 positive cases, 30 of which were also positive by culture, and only 10 were detected both by Giemsa staining and by wet mount. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in North America, and is associated with an increased risk of HIV acquisition and transmission in women. (lifelabs.com)
- 2) Symptoms of Trichomonas infection in birds (symptoms of canker disease). (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- Trichomonas vaginal infections are a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause vaginal discharge, genital itching, painful urination or sex, lower abdominal pain, and bleeding after sex. (naomedical.com)
- This is a vaginal swab test for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomonas infection. (stitest.london)
- Trichomonas vaginalis , the causative agent of a prevalent urogenital infection in humans, is an evolutionarily divergent protozoan. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2. Negative results may be caused by low concentration of Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis and Gardneralla vaginalis antigens in the sample and therefore cannot completely rule out the possibility of infection. (medomics-dx.net)
Chlamydia5
- The aim of this study was to describe the most common cytological features in cervical pap smears of patients with Chlamydia trachomatis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Mycoplasma genitalium , Trichomonas vaginalis , Mycoplasma hominis , Ureaplasma urealyticum , and Ureaplasma parvum detected by multiplex PCR. (hindawi.com)
- Ureaplasma parvum 14.9%, Chlamydia trachomatis 10.6%, Trichomonas vaginalis 10.6%, Mycoplasma hominis 8.5%, Ureaplasma urealyticum 4.2%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2.1%, and Mycoplasma genitalium (0). (hindawi.com)
- Failure to identify an inflammatory agent in pap smear with intense neutrophil exudate may suggest the presence of Ureaplasma parvum , Ureaplasma urealyticum , Chlamydia trachomatis , or Trichomonas vaginalis . (hindawi.com)
- Organism-specific therapeutic regimens for cervicitis are provided below, including those for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis . (medscape.com)
- This vagina swab test may be done if a woman has vaginal discharge or wants to screen for the commonest causes of vaginal STIs - chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomonas. (stitest.london)
Prevalence of trichomonas1
- The study was aim at determining the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis on females in Osamenyi in Nnewi local government area, Anambra state. (codemint.net)
Species11
- Depending on the Trichomonas species, it can either be transmitted through direct sexual contact or through contaminated water sources. (wikipedia.org)
- Trichomonas vaginalis, being the species that causes the most complications in humans, is the only fully sequenced Trichomonas species. (wikipedia.org)
- In humans, the causative species is Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomonas tenax. (wikipedia.org)
- In the remaining cases, the disease is termed nonchlamydial and nongonococcal cervicitis or nonspecific cervicitis, and the organisms involved may include Mycoplasma species, Ureaplasma species, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Trichomonas vaginalis [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan organism that is commonly found in the mouth, throat, gastro-intestinal tract and upper respiratory tract of pigeons, doves, turkeys, chickens, canaries, raptors (birds of prey) and a variety of psittacine (parrot) bird species including budgerigars, cockatiels and Amazon parrots. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- Avian Trichomonas is a parasitic organism that infests the upper gastro-intestinal tract (esophagus, crop and proventriculus), mouth, oropharynx (throat region) and upper respiratory tract of a range of different bird species. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- The species of Trichomonas that affects birds including: pigeons, doves, turkeys, chickens, canaries, raptors (birds of prey), various parrot species (e.g. budgerigars, cockatiels and Amazon parrots) as well as certain other types of birds is called Trichomonas gallinae (there is also another species of Trichomonas that affects pigeons, which is called Trichomonas columbae ). (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- Many species of flagellate organisms parasitize birds and Trichomonas is but one of these ( Giardia and Hexamita are some of the other flagellate species that infect birds). (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- The various Trichomonas species (there are many species of Trichomonas in addition to T. gallinae ) have distinct clumps of flagella protruding from the anterior end of their bodies (the exact number of flagella present is one clue scientists use to determine the particular species of a Trichomonas organism that they have found). (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- Depending on the species of Trichomonas you are looking at, physical differences may exist in such features as: the number of anterior flagella, the size and length of the undulating membrane, the size and shape and position of the parabasal body and the length of the axostyle. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- A species of trichomonas that produces a refractory vaginal discharge in females, as well as bladder and urethral infections in males. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
Parasite4
- Trichomonas vaginalis , a sexually transmitted human parasite, was detected by performing PCR with primers from a region of the 18S rRNA gene that produce a 312 base pair product. (cdc.gov)
- Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite that can infect the urogenital systems of both men and women. (clinicalsci.info)
- Trichomonas vaginalis, also shortened as Trichomonas or simply "trick", is a flagellated parasite that is sexually transmitted. (pixorize.com)
- Blastocystis hominis (28%, 89) was the most common parasite, followed by Giardia lamblia (9.7%, 31), Entamoeba coli (9.1%, 29) and Trichomonas hominis (6%, 19). (who.int)
Organisms2
- Group of Trichomonas organisms present in urine (Thin- Prep™, Papanicolaou stain). (cytojournal.com)
- Trichomonas organisms have a main body structure that is tear-drop or oval shaped. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
Metronidazole3
- Topical metronidazole gel is not recommended because it is not absorbed well enough to produce blood levels that can eradicate trichomonas vaginalis in the Skene's periurethral glands and the urethra. (wdxcyber.com)
- Trichomonas vaginal infections can be treated with antibiotics, typically metronidazole or tinidazole. (naomedical.com)
- The first line treatment for trichomonas is metronidazole. (pixorize.com)
Nucleic2
- NATtrol™ Trichomonas vaginalis External Run Controls are full process controls designed to evaluate the performance of nucleic acid tests for determination of the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis nucleic acids. (diagnostictechnology.com.au)
- The specific primers and specific fluorescent probes are designed for the nucleic acid conserved region of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). (biokeyqpcr.com)
Swab1
- Candida albicans/Trichomonas vaginalis/Gardneralla vaginalis antigen Combo Test Kit (LFIA) is a Latex microsphere immunochromatography for the rapid qualitative detection of Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Gardneralla vaginalis in female vaginal swab samples in vitro. (medomics-dx.net)
Detection5
- NHANES offers a unique opportunity to assess the prevalence of BV and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in the general population, to identify and confirm risk factors, and to monitor trends in prevalence as detection and treatment programs are established and expanded. (cdc.gov)
- The Solana Trichomonas Assay, when performed on the Solana instrument, allows for the rapid, accurate detection of Trichomonas. (quidel.com)
- Fluorescent Antisera in the Detection of Serological Varieties of Trichomonas vaginalis. (bmj.com)
- Detection of Trichomonas foetus in bovine by culture. (tamu.edu)
- By using real time PCR systems, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) real time PCR kit is used for the in vitro qualitative detection of TV. (biokeyqpcr.com)
Tenax3
- This study analyzed the incidence of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in samples of dental biofilm and saliva from patients with gingivitis / periodontitis and in healthy subjects. (bvsalud.org)
- Trichomonas tenax was found in 22.53% of the biofilm samples (16.66% from gingivitis, 41.67% from periodontitis and 41.67% from healthy patients) and 9.81% of the saliva samples (20% from gingivitis, 40% from periodontitis and 40% from healthy patients).The presence of these microorganisms was related to the type of periodontal disease (p=0.001), but not with age (p=0.178) or risk factors (p=0.194). (bvsalud.org)
- These findings suggest that Entamoeba gingivalis more common in the early stages of periodontitis, while Trichomonas tenax is considered a protozoan of the gingival sulcus. (bvsalud.org)
Gallinae2
- Contains a link to a Trichomonas gallinae video that was filmed by this author in the clinic. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- Trichomonas gallinae has 4 flagella. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
Organism8
- In large numbers, the Trichomonas organism is capable of causing severe respiratory and gastrointestinal disease in avian hosts. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- facts about the Trichomonas organism. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- The Trichomonas organism is a protozoan organism. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- Being a complete cell (a true single-celled organism), the body of Trichomonas contains a single nucleus. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- When the Trichomonas organism is viewed under the microscope, this membrane is seen to ripple down the organism's body in curved waves (hence the term: undulating). (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- As mentioned before, 3-5 flagella protrude from the anterior end of the Trichomonas organism. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- I have drawn a very stylised diagram of a Trichomonas organism on the right. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- Trichomonas is a protozoan, which is a small organism similar to bacteria. (better2know.es)
Symptoms4
- In sexually transmitted disease clinics, however, trichomonas may represent from 10-50% of women presenting with vaginal symptoms. (wdxcyber.com)
- Trichomonas disease symptoms, modes of transmission (means of disease spread), medical treatment options and tips for ongoing Trichomonas prevention are all included, along with information on how to diagnose the condition. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
- In this blog post, we will discuss what you need to know about trichomonas vaginal infections, including symptoms, treatment, and prevention. (naomedical.com)
- Many people with trichomonas vaginal infections may not experience any symptoms. (naomedical.com)
Cervicitis1
- Microscopic cervicitis (≥10 polymorphonuclear leukocytes/epithelial cell) and normal (predominantly lactobacillary) microbiota were the most frequent findings in the samples in which the pathogens were detected alone or in multiple infections, except for samples with Trichomonas vaginalis in which the coccobacillary microbiota was the most common. (hindawi.com)
STIs1
- It is also important to get tested regularly for STIs, including trichomonas vaginal infections , if you are sexually active. (naomedical.com)
Motile1
- Trichomonas can be diagnosed by wet mount microscopy, in which the vaginal discharge discussed earlier is prepared on a slide, revealing motile trichomonads or swimming flagellated parasites. (pixorize.com)
Candida1
- Candida albicans/Trichomonas vaginalis/Gardneralla vaginalis antigen Combo Test Kit (LFIA)_Jiangsu Medomics Medical Technology Co., Ltd. (medomics-dx.net)
Genus1
- Trichomonas is a genus of anaerobic excavate parasites of vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
Treated with antibiotics1
- Trichomonas is treated with antibiotics. (better2know.es)
Polymerase1
- Polymerase chain reaction testing (PCR) is specific for trichomonas. (wdxcyber.com)
Rapid Test1
- LifeLabs recently implemented the OSOM Trichomonas Rapid Test. (lifelabs.com)
Trophozoite2
- Trichomonas has a trophozoite form, its pear-shaped form, which is most commonly observed, and an amoeboid form, which appears during host colonization. (wikipedia.org)
- In its trophozoite form, Trichomonas undergoes cell division through an interesting process called cryptopleuromitosis. (wikipedia.org)
Infections13
- The CDC Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria performs susceptibility testing of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates collected from individuals with infections that are refractory to treatment. (cdc.gov)
- Trichomonas vaginal infections can cause a frothy, yellowish-green vaginal discharge with a strong, unpleasant odor. (naomedical.com)
- Itching and irritation of the genitals can occur with trichomonas vaginal infections. (naomedical.com)
- Trichomonas vaginal infections can cause pain during urination or sex. (naomedical.com)
- Lower abdominal pain can occur with trichomonas vaginal infections. (naomedical.com)
- Trichomonas vaginal infections can cause bleeding after sex. (naomedical.com)
- The best way to prevent trichomonas vaginal infections is to practice safe sex. (naomedical.com)
- Trichomonas vaginal infections can increase the risk of HIV transmission . (naomedical.com)
- Untreated trichomonas vaginal infections can lead to PID, which can cause infertility and chronic pain. (naomedical.com)
- Trichomonas vaginal infections during pregnancy can increase the risk of preterm labor and low birth weight. (naomedical.com)
- It is important to get tested and treated for trichomonas vaginal infections to prevent complications, such as the increased risk of HIV transmission, PID , preterm labor, and prostatitis. (naomedical.com)
- Practicing safe sex and good hygiene can also help prevent trichomonas vaginal infections. (naomedical.com)
- If you suspect you may have trichomonas vaginal infections , talk to your healthcare provider to get tested and receive appropriate treatment. (naomedical.com)
Nucleus1
- The nucleus of Trichomonas is situated close to where the pelta and axostyle meet. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial1
- The influence of bacterial vaginosis on the response to Trichomonas vaginalis treatment among HIV-infected women. (bvsalud.org)
Clinics1
- Trichomonas Vaginalis IgG in Tashkent: 15 clinics, 15 services, 469 reviews, 3214 patients, price of services from 45 000 Sum to 90 000 Sum. (medlink.uz)
Prevention1
- Includes information and tips for the control and prevention of Trichomonas in large bird flocks. (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
Pear-shaped3
- Trichomonas is around 10 µm in length and is normally pear-shaped. (wikipedia.org)
- It lacks a cyst form, but many studies have noted a unique form in which Trichomonas appears ovoidal rather than its typical pear-shaped form. (wikipedia.org)
- Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoa that is pear-shaped and about the size of a white blood cell. (wdxcyber.com)
Women1
- Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is common in HIV + women , and host factors may play a role in TV treatment outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
Birds1
- This section includes a list of diseases other than Trichomonas that can cause white or yellow plaques or spots to appear in the mouths and throats of birds (i.e. diseases that can mimic or look like Trichomonas). (pet-informed-veterinary-advice-online.com)
Typically1
- Trichomonas is typically found in anaerobic environments. (wikipedia.org)
Undulating membrane1
- Another distinguishing feature of Trichomonas is the presence of an undulating membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Results1
- CDC is making MLC distribution data available online to aid in the interpretation of Trichomonas susceptibility testing results. (cdc.gov)