AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
TreesDecision TreesPhylogenyTea Tree OilTupaiidaeEvolution, MolecularTropical ClimatePinusQuercusTupaiaAlgorithmsWoodFagusEucalyptusSequence Analysis, DNAEcosystemPlant StemsBiological EvolutionModels, GeneticPopulusForestryLikelihood FunctionsMolecular Sequence DataSpecies SpecificityPlant LeavesAcaciaHeveaPiceaConiferophytaAcerAbiesSequence AlignmentGenetic VariationSoftwareBetulaPlant BarkPanamaBayes TheoremFraxinusPrunusBiodiversityAngiospermsComputer SimulationArecaceaeGeographyBiomassFicusXylemRNA, Ribosomal, 16SGene Transfer, HorizontalSoilCluster AnalysisAlnusBase SequenceFagaceaeGenetic SpeciationClimateDNA, RibosomalDNA, PlantEuphorbiaceaeDipterocarpaceaePollenCambiumLarixBeetlesDNA, ChloroplastCedrusSalixDNA, MitochondrialJuniperusSeasonsConservation of Natural ResourcesMeliaceaePlant ShootsDatabases, GeneticDNA, Ribosomal SpacerSeed DispersalBorneoSeedlingUlmusModels, StatisticalTamaricaceaeFungiCitrusGenomicsMelaleucaWindRainPerseaMicrosatellite RepeatsJuglansGenetics, PopulationAmino Acid SequencePlant DiseasesPlant RootsSeedsGymnospermsPlantsBetulaceaeFossils
Trees
Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.
Decision Trees
A graphic device used in decision analysis, series of decision options are represented as branches (hierarchical).
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Tea Tree Oil
Essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree). It is used as a topical antimicrobial due to the presence of terpineol.
Tupaiidae
The only family of the order SCANDENTIA, variously included in the order Insectivora or in the order Primates, and often in the order Microscelidea, consisting of five genera. They are TUPAIA, Ananthana (Indian tree shrew), Dendrogale (small smooth-tailed tree shrew), Urogale (Mindanao tree shrew), and Ptilocercus (pen-tailed tree shrew). The tree shrews inhabit the forest areas of eastern Asia from India and southwestern China to Borneo and the Philippines.
Evolution, Molecular
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
Tropical Climate
A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Pinus
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen trees mainly in temperate climates.
Quercus
A plant genus of the family FAGACEAE that is a source of TANNINS. Do not confuse with Holly (ILEX).
Tupaia
A genus of tree shrews of the family TUPAIIDAE which consists of about 12 species. One of the most frequently encountered species is T. glis. Members of this genus inhabit rain forests and secondary growth areas in southeast Asia.
Algorithms
A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.
Wood
A product of hard secondary xylem composed of CELLULOSE, hemicellulose, and LIGNANS, that is under the bark of trees and shrubs. It is used in construction and as a source of CHARCOAL and many other products.
Fagus
A plant genus of the family FAGACEAE.
Eucalyptus
A genus of trees of the Myrtaceae family, native to Australia, that yields gums, oils, and resins which are used as flavoring agents, astringents, and aromatics.
Sequence Analysis, DNA
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
Ecosystem
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Plant Stems
Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Biological Evolution
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
Models, Genetic
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Populus
A plant genus of the family SALICACEAE. Balm of Gilead is a common name used for P. candicans, or P. gileadensis, or P. jackii, and sometimes also used for ABIES BALSAMEA or for COMMIPHORA.
Forestry
The science of developing, caring for, or cultivating forests.
Likelihood Functions
Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximize the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Plant Leaves
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
Acacia
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The gums and tanning agents obtained from Acacia are called GUM ARABIC. The common name of catechu is more often used for Areca catechu (ARECA).
Hevea
A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE, order Euphorbiales, subclass Rosidae. Commercial natural RUBBER is mainly obtained from Hevea brasiliensis but also from some other plants.
Picea
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen, pyramidal trees with whorled branches and thin, scaly bark. Each of the linear, spirally arranged leaves is jointed near the stem on a separate woody base.
Coniferophyta
A plant division of GYMNOSPERMS consisting of cone-bearing trees and shrubs.
Acer
A plant genus of the family ACERACEAE, best known for trees with palmately lobed leaves.
Abies
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. Balm of Gilead is a common name more often referring to POPULUS and sometimes to COMMIPHORA.
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Genetic Variation
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
Software
Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.
Betula
A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE. The tree has smooth, resinous, varicolored or white bark, marked by horizontal pores (lenticels), which usually peels horizontally in thin sheets.
Plant Bark
The outer layer of the woody parts of plants.
Panama
Bayes Theorem
A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.
Fraxinus
A plant genus of the family OLEACEAE. Members contain secoiridoid glucosides.
Prunus
A plant genus in the family ROSACEAE, order Rosales, subclass Rosidae. It is best known as a source of edible fruits such as apricot, plum, peach, cherry, and almond.
Biodiversity
The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.
Angiosperms
Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.
Computer Simulation
Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.
Arecaceae
The palm family of order Arecales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida.
Geography
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
Biomass
Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.
Ficus
A plant genus of the family MORACEAE. It is the source of the familiar fig fruit and the latex from this tree contains FICAIN.
Xylem
Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
Gene Transfer, Horizontal
The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).
Soil
The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
Cluster Analysis
A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.
Alnus
A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE that is distinguished from birch (BETULA) by its usually stalked winter buds and by cones that remain on the branches after the small, winged nutlets are released.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Fagaceae
A plant family of the order Fagales subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida.
Genetic Speciation
The splitting of an ancestral species into daughter species that coexist in time (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 6th ed). Causal factors may include geographic isolation, HABITAT geometry, migration, REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION, random GENETIC DRIFT and MUTATION.
Climate
The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
DNA, Ribosomal
DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.
DNA, Plant
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.
Euphorbiaceae
The spurge family of flowering plants, in the order Euphorbiales, contains some 7,500 species in 275 genera. The family consists of annual and perennial herbs and woody shrubs or trees.
Dipterocarpaceae
A plant family of the order Theales.
Pollen
The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.
Cambium
A layer of living cells between the bark and hardwood that each year produces additional wood and bark cells, forming concentric growth rings.
Larix
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta.
Beetles
INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.
DNA, Chloroplast
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of CHLOROPLASTS.
Cedrus
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. It is the source of cedarwood oil. Cedar ordinarily refers to this but also forms part of the name of plants in other genera.
Salix
A plant genus of the family SALICACEAE. Members contain salicin, which yields SALICYLIC ACID.
DNA, Mitochondrial
Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.
Juniperus
A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE. The species are slow growing coniferous evergreen trees or shrubs.
Seasons
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Conservation of Natural Resources
The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.
Meliaceae
The mahogany plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.
Plant Shoots
New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.
Databases, Genetic
Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.
DNA, Ribosomal Spacer
The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) and between the tandemly repeated units of rDNA (external transcribed spacers and nontranscribed spacers).
Seed Dispersal
The various physical methods which include wind, insects, animals, tension, and water, by which a plant scatters its seeds away from the parent plant.
Borneo
An island in the Malay Archipelago, east of Sumatra, north of Java, and west of Celebes. It is the third largest island in the world. Its name is a Portuguese alteration of BRUNEI, located on it. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p163; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p73)
Seedling
Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.
Ulmus
A plant genus of the family ULMACEAE that is susceptible to Dutch elm disease which is caused by the ASCOMYCOTA fungus, Ophiostoma.
Models, Statistical
Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.
Tamaricaceae
A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.
Fungi
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
Citrus
A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. They bear the familiar citrus fruits including oranges, grapefruit, lemons, and limes. There are many hybrids which makes the nomenclature confusing.
Genomics
The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.
Melaleuca
A plant genus of the family MYRTACEAE. M. alternifolia foliage is a source of TEA TREE OIL. The common name of tea tree also refers to LEPTOSPERMUM or KUNZEA. M. vindifolia is a source of niaouli oil. M. cajuputi and M. leucadendra are sources of cajuput oil.
Wind
The motion of air relative to the earth's surface.
Rain
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
Persea
A plant genus in the LAURACEAE family. The tree, Persea americana Mill., is known for the Avocado fruit, the food of commerce.
Microsatellite Repeats
A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).
Juglans
A plant genus of the family JUGLANDACEAE that provides the familiar walnut.
Genetics, Population
The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Plant Diseases
Diseases of plants.
Plant Roots
The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Seeds
The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit), in contrast to ANGIOSPERMS whose seeds are surrounded by an ovary wall. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, "naked seed") are borne in cones and are not visible. Taxonomists now recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (CONIFEROPHYTA; CYCADOPHYTA; GINKGOPHYTA; and GNETOPHYTA).
Plants
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
Betulaceae
A plant family of the order Fagales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. They have simple, serrate, alternate leaves. Male flowers are borne in long, pendulous catkins; the female in shorter, pendulous or erect catkins. The fruit is usually a small nut or a short-winged samara.
Fossils
Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.
Eukaryota
One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.
Fruit
The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.
Plant Transpiration
The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Phloem
Plant tissue that carries nutrients, especially sucrose, by turgor pressure. Movement is bidirectional, in contrast to XYLEM where it is only upward. Phloem originates and grows outwards from meristematic cells (MERISTEM) in the vascular cambium. P-proteins, a type of LECTINS, are characteristically found in phloem.
Gene Flow
The change in gene frequency in a population due to migration of gametes or individuals (ANIMAL MIGRATION) across population barriers. In contrast, in GENETIC DRIFT the cause of gene frequency changes are not a result of population or gamete movement.
Population Density
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Gene Duplication
Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.
Population Dynamics
The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.
Genome
The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.
South America
Phylogeography
A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
User-Computer Interface
The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.
Markov Chains
A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.
Mycorrhizae
Symbiotic combination (dual organism) of the MYCELIUM of FUNGI with the roots of plants (PLANT ROOTS). The roots of almost all higher plants exhibit this mutually beneficial relationship, whereby the fungus supplies water and mineral salts to the plant, and the plant supplies CARBOHYDRATES to the fungus. There are two major types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.
Environment
The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.
Fires
Sequence Analysis, Protein
A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
Burseraceae
A plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are resinous trees and shrubs with alternate leaves composed of many leaflets.
Carbon
A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.
Flowers
The reproductive organs of plants.
Genes, Plant
The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.
Dendrites
Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other NEURONS.
Genes, rRNA
Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.
Multigene Family
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Birds
Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.
DNA, Concatenated
Head to tail array of covalently joined DNA sequences generated by concatenation. Concatenated DNA is attached end to end in contrast to CATENATED DNA which is attached loop to loop.
DNA, Bacterial
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
Ecology
The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)
Pyrus
A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.
Tsuga
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are coniferous evergreen trees and should not be confused with hemlock plants (CICUTA and CONIUM).
Droughts
Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.
Fabaceae
The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.
Plant Dispersal
The physical distribution of plants in various forms and stages of development through time and space.
Pseudotsuga
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are coniferous evergreen trees with long, flat, spirally arranged needles that grow directly from the branch.
Ceiba
A plant genus of the family BOMBACACEAE. The fine silky hairs covering the seeds have been used for floatation, stuffing, and insulation.
Rosales
An order of the ANGIOSPERMS, subclass Rosidae. Its members include some of the most known ornamental and edible plants of temperate zones including roses, apples, cherries, and peaches.
Models, Theoretical
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Computer Graphics
The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.
Sapotaceae
A plant family of the order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida that are tropical trees which have elongate latex cells. Several members bear sweet edible fruits and produce triterpenoid saponins.
Ecological and Environmental Processes
Ecosystem and environmental activities, functions, or events.
Sequence Homology
The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species.
Arthropods
Members of the phylum Arthropoda, composed of organisms having a hard, jointed exoskeleton and paired jointed legs. It includes the class INSECTS and the subclass ARACHNIDA, many species of which are important medically as parasites or as vectors of organisms capable of causing disease in man.
Prokaryotic Cells
Cells lacking a nuclear membrane so that the nuclear material is either scattered in the cytoplasm or collected in a nucleoid region.
Climate Change
Any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.
Phytoplasma
A genus of minute bacteria in the family ACHOLEPLASMATACEAE that inhabit phloem sieve elements of infected PLANTS and cause symptoms such as yellowing, phyllody, and witches' brooms. Organisms lack a CELL WALL and thus are similar to MYCOPLASMA in animals. They are transmitted by over 100 species of INSECTS especially leafhoppers, planthoppers, and PSYLLIDS.
Pinus ponderosa
A plant species of the genus PINUS that contains isocupressic acid.
Nut Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to tree nuts that is triggered by the immune system.
Citrus sinensis
A plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that provides the familiar orange fruit which is also a source of orange oil.
Ferns
Seedless nonflowering plants of the class Filicinae. They reproduce by spores that appear as dots on the underside of feathery fronds. In earlier classifications the Pteridophyta included the club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and various fossil groups. In more recent classifications, pteridophytes and spermatophytes (seed-bearing plants) are classified in the Subkingdom Tracheobionta (also known as Tracheophyta).
Ascomycota
A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.
Resins, Plant
Flammable, amorphous, vegetable products of secretion or disintegration, usually formed in special cavities of plants. They are generally insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, ether, or volatile oils. They are fusible and have a conchoidal fracture. They are the oxidation or polymerization products of the terpenes, and are mixtures of aromatic acids and esters. Most are soft and sticky, but harden after exposure to cold. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Bromeliaceae
A plant family of the order Bromeliales, subclass Zingiberidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons).
Photosynthesis
The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)
Nuts
Botanically, a type of single-seeded fruit in which the pericarp enclosing the seed is a hard woody shell. In common usage the term is used loosely for any hard, oil-rich kernel. Of those commonly eaten, only hazel, filbert, and chestnut are strictly nuts. Walnuts, pecans, almonds, and coconuts are really drupes. Brazil nuts, pistachios, macadamias, and cashews are really seeds with a hard shell derived from the testa rather than the pericarp.
DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic
Techniques for standardizing and expediting taxonomic identification or classification of organisms that are based on deciphering the sequence of one or a few regions of DNA known as the "DNA barcode".
Bronchography
Radiography of the bronchial tree after injection of a contrast medium.
Water
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Ulmaceae
A plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. Members are trees and shrubs of temperate regions that have watery sap and alternate leaves which are lopsided at the base. The flowers lack petals.
Carbon Cycle
The cycle by which the element carbon is exchanged between organic matter and the earth's physical environment.
Reproduction
The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Dipteryx
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain COUMARINS.
Genome, Bacterial
The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.
Symbiosis
The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.
Artificial Intelligence
Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.
Mammals
Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.

Effects of dispersed recreational activities on the microbiological quality of forest surface water. (1/3351)

The microbiological quality of forest surface waters in the Greenwater River watershed was examined to investigate the influence of heavy motorized camping in an area with no sanitary facilities. Indicator densities increased during weekend human-use periods when compared to weekdays. Increases in indicator densities were also noted downstream from heavily used camping areas when compared to upstream sites. Seasonal, weekly, and diurnal fluctuations in indicator densities were observed. This study suggests that potential health hazards exist in this watershed during periods of human use.  (+info)

Pharmacological studies on root bark of mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) (2/3351)

Pharmacological studies were done on the root bark of mulberry tree and pharmacological effects were compared with the clinical effects of "Sohakuhi" in Chinese medicine. n-Butanol- and water-soluble fractions of mulberry root had similar effects except for those on the cadiovascular system. Both fractions showed cathartic, analgesic, diuretic, antitussive, antiedema, sedative, anticonvulsant, and hypotensive actions in mice, rats, guinea pigs and dogs. There appears to be a correlation between the experimental pharmacological results and the clinical applications of mulberry root found in the literature on Chinese medicine.  (+info)

The nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer as a target sequence to study intraspecific diversity of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum directly on pinus root systems. (3/3351)

Polymorphism of the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (IGS) of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum was studied to evaluate whether this sequence could be used in field studies to estimate the diversity of strains forming mycorrhizas on individual Pinus pinaster root systems. This sequence was amplified by PCR from 125 haploid homokaryotic strains collected in 14 P. pinaster stands along the Atlantic coast of France by using conserved oligonucleotide primers. Restriction enzyme digestion of the amplified 3.4-kbp-long IGS allowed us to characterize 24 alleles whose frequencies differed. Nine of these alleles were found only once, whereas about 60% of the strains contained four of the alleles. Local populations could be almost as diverse as the entire population along a 150-km stretch of coastline that was examined; for example, 13 alleles were found in a single forest stand. The IGS from one strain was partially sequenced, and the sequence data were used to design oligonucleotides which allowed separate PCR amplification of three different segments of the IGS. Most polymorphisms observed among the full-length IGS regions resulted from polymorphisms in an internal ca. 1,500-bp-long sequence characterized by length variations that may have resulted from variable numbers of a T2AG3 motif. This internal polymorphic sequence could not be amplified from the genomes of nine other Hebeloma species. Analysis of this internal sequence amplified from the haploid progenies of 10 fruiting bodies collected in a 70-m2 area resulted in identification of six allelic forms and seven distinct diplotypes out of the 21 possible different combinations. Moreover, optimization of the PCR conditions resulted in amplification of this sequence from more than 80% of the DNA samples extracted from individual H. cylindrosporum infected P. pinaster mycorrhizal root tips, thus demonstrating the usefulness of this sequence for studying the below-ground diversity of mycorrhizas formed by genets belonging to the same fungal species.  (+info)

Screening of Korean forest plants for rat lens aldose reductase inhibition. (4/3351)

Naturally occurring substances which can prevent and treat diabetic complications were sought by examining ethanol extracts prepared from Korean forest plants for their inhibitory effects on rat lens aldose reductase activity in vitro. Among the plants examined, Acer ginnala, Illicium religiosum and Cornus macrophylla exerted the most strong inhibitory activity on aldose reductase.  (+info)

Evolution of plant defense mechanisms. Relationships of phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductases to pinoresinol-lariciresinol and isoflavone reductases. (5/3351)

Pinoresinol-lariciresinol and isoflavone reductase classes are phylogenetically related, as is a third, the so-called "isoflavone reductase homologs." This study establishes the first known catalytic function for the latter, as being able to engender the NADPH-dependent reduction of phenylcoumaran benzylic ethers. Accordingly, all three reductase classes are involved in the biosynthesis of important and related phenylpropanoid-derived plant defense compounds. In this investigation, the phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase from the gymnosperm, Pinus taeda, was cloned, with the recombinant protein heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme reduces the benzylic ether functionalities of both dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol and dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, with a higher affinity for the former, as measured by apparent Km and Vmax values and observed kinetic 3H-isotope effects. It abstracts the 4R-hydride of the required NADPH cofactor in a manner analogous to that of the pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases and isoflavone reductases. A similar catalytic function was observed for the corresponding recombinant reductase whose gene was cloned from the angiosperm, Populus trichocarpa. Interestingly, both pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductases and isoflavone reductases catalyze enantiospecific conversions, whereas the phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase only shows regiospecific discrimination. A possible evolutionary relationship among the three reductase classes is proposed, based on the supposition that phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductases represent the progenitors of pinoresinol-lariciresinol and isoflavone reductases.  (+info)

Process and current status of the epidemiologic studies on cedar pollinosis in Japan. (6/3351)

This paper reviews the present situation and future aspects of epidemiologic studies on Japanese cedar pollinosis. Increase of allergic rhinitis patients is observed in both the Patient Survey and the Reports on the Surveys of Social Medical Care Insurance Services, however, these surveys are conducted when cedar pollens do not pollute the air. Many have reported on the prevalence of pollinosis in limited areas but only a few nationwide epidemiologic surveys have been conducted. Most of the studies were conducted at special medical facilities such as university hospitals. There is a high possibility that patients who visit the specific facilities do not exactly represent the actual number of patients and epidemiologic pictures of pollinosis in Japan. The rapid advances in laboratory test methods may change the diagnostic criteria and increase the number of reported patients. Therefore, the prevalence of Japanese cedar pollinosis in Japan has not been determined yet. Determination of the prevalence of cedar pollinosis and description of the epidemiologic pictures constitute the essential steps toward the control of this clinical entity. Thus it is necessary to conduct an epidemiologic survey on Japanese representative samples with a standardized survey form with clear and concise diagnostic criteria.  (+info)

Inhibitory effect of sulfur-containing compounds in Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc. on the aggregation of rabbit platelets. (7/3351)

The inhibitory effects of three pure compounds isolated from wood garlic, 2,4,5-trithiahexane (I), 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane (II), and 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane 2,2-dioxide (III), on rabbit platelet aggregation induced by collagen, arachidonic acid, U46619, ADP (adenosine 5'-diphosphate), PAF (platelet aggregating factor), and thrombin were studied in vitro. The anti-aggregating activity of 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane 4,4-dioxide (IV) was also measured with collagen and arachidonic acid. I, II, III, and IV inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by all tested agonists. I, II, and III exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect against the thrombin-induced aggregation of GFP (gel-filtered platelets) than against the aggregation induced by the other agonists. Notably, the IC50 value for III was 4 microM, which is approximately 2.5 times stronger than MATS (methyl allyl trisulfide), a major anti-platelet compound isolated from garlic. In inhibiting collagen-induced aggregation, II was as potent as MATS and aspirin, with a marked disaggregation effect on the secondary aggregation by arachidonic acid, at the rate of 47.05%/min at a concentration of 10(-4) M. I, II, and III also suppressed U46619-induced aggregation. These results suggest that sulfur-containing compounds in wood garlic not only inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism but also suppress aggregation in association with the function of the platelet plasma membrane.  (+info)

Towards a kala azar risk map for Sudan: mapping the potential distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis using digital data of environmental variables. (8/3351)

The need to define the geographical distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis results from its importance as the dominant vector of kala azar (visceral Iceishmaniasis) in Sudan. Recent epidermics of this disease in southern and eastern Sudan caused an estimated 100000 deaths and have renewed the impetus for defining the ecological boundaries of the vector. This information is an essential prerequisite to the production of a risk map for kala azar. This study uses data on the presence and absence of P. orientalis from 44 collecting sites across the central belt of Sudan. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the probability of the presence of P. orientalis at each collecting site as a function of climatic and environmental variables (rainfall; temperature; altitude; soil type and the satellite-derived environmental proxies - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Land Surface Temperature). The logistic regression model indicates mean annual maximum daily temperature and soil type as the most important ecological determinants of P. orientalis distribution. An initial risk map was created in a raster-based geographical information system which delineates the area where P. orientalis may occur. This map was then refined using a mask layer indicating the known rainfall-based boundaries of the distribution of Acacia-Balanites woodland - a woodland type known to be associated with the distribution of this vector. The predictive performance of the risk map is discussed.  (+info)

Deciduous Trees For Zone 7 Gardens - What Are Some Commonly Planted Deciduous TreesDeciduous Trees For Zone 7 Gardens - What Are Some Commonly Planted Deciduous Trees
Selecting deciduous trees for zone 7 is easy, and gardeners can choose from a very long list of beautiful, commonly planted deciduous trees. For examples of zone 7 deciduous trees and suggestions that provide fall color or summer shade, click this article.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/gardening-by-zone/zone-7/zone-7-deciduous-trees.htm
Nature Conservation Foundation - Plant Community Structure in Tropical Rain Forest Fragments of the Western Ghats, IndiaNature Conservation Foundation - Plant Community Structure in Tropical Rain Forest Fragments of the Western Ghats, India
Changes in tree, liana, and understory plant diversity and community composition in five tropical rain forest fragments varying in area (18-2600 ha) and disturbance levels were studied on the Valparai plateau, Western Ghats. Systematic sampling using small quadrats (totaling 4 ha for trees and lianas, 0.16 ha for understory plants) enumerated 312 species in 103 families: 1968 trees (144 species), 2250 lianas (60 species), and 6123 understory plants (108 species). Tree species density, stem density, and basal area were higher in the three larger (, 100 ha) rain forest fragments but were negatively correlated with disturbance scores rather than area per se. Liana species density, stem density, and basal area were higher in moderately disturbed and lower in heavily disturbed fragments than in the three larger fragments. Understory species density was highest in the highly disturbed 18-ha fragment, due to weedy invasive species occurring with rain forest plants. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ...
http://ncf-india.org/publications/33
Development of monitoring and assessment of forest biomass and carbon storage in China | Forest Ecosystems | Full TextDevelopment of monitoring and assessment of forest biomass and carbon storage in China | Forest Ecosystems | Full Text
These early forest biomass studies were aimed at major or typical forest types, with developed biomass models largely based on stand or sample plot levels. Some biomass models were even based on individual tree data, most of them suited only for certain sites or local areas, not representative of larger regions. These forest carbon assessments were based on estimates of biomass per hectare for our major forest types from purposeful sampling and areas of forest types from our national forest inventory, which is not really suited for monitoring and assessing forest carbon storage.. The International Guidelines for Forest Monitoring, published by IUFRO ([1994]), clearly defined forest biomass as one of the important items of global, regional and national forest monitoring. In order to add forest biomass into the items of national forest inventory of China, the Ministry of Forestry conducted a key program Research on two-variable biomass models and compatible auto-adoptive one-variable biomass ...
https://forestecosyst.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40663-014-0020-5
Planning tree species diversification in Kenya based on differences in tree species composition between farms. I. Analysis of...
Concerns exist about the limited diversity of tree species in agricultural landscapes. Complete tree inventories were carried out on 201 farms from four villages in western Kenya to establish whether significant differences in tree species composition existed between farms, and if so their magnitude and implications for new introductions and plantings. Tree species composition was interpreted to encompass elements of both tree identity and abundance. Tree identity was viewed from both taxonomic and function (e.g. fruit, timber, medicine) perspectives. Novel types of ordination using the Hellinger ecological distance and polynomial Redundancy Analysis indicated wide heterogeneity between farms with respect to tree species composition. For the 12 most prevalent functions of trees, the analyses showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Partitioning of variance identified that village location explained much of the differences between farms suggesting that farmers share tree species within villages ...
https://expertfinder.cgiar.org/display/msracad-2101546772
Forests | Free Full-Text | Characterizing the Height Structure and Composition of a Boreal Forest Using an Individual Tree...Forests | Free Full-Text | Characterizing the Height Structure and Composition of a Boreal Forest Using an Individual Tree...
Photogrammetric point clouds (PPC) obtained by stereomatching of aerial photographs now have a resolution sufficient to discern individual trees. We have produced such PPCs of a boreal forest and delineated individual tree crowns using a segmentation algorithm applied to the canopy height model derived from the PPC and a lidar terrain model. The crowns were characterized in terms of height and species (spruce, fir, and deciduous). Species classification used the 3D shape of the single crowns and their reflectance properties. The same was performed on a lidar dataset. Results show that the quality of PPC data generally approaches that of airborne lidar. For pixel-based canopy height models, viewing geometry in aerial images, forest structure (dense vs. open canopies), and composition (deciduous vs. conifers) influenced the quality of the 3D reconstruction of PPCs relative to lidar. Nevertheless, when individual tree height distributions were analyzed, PPC-based results were very similar to those
http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/11/3899
Old-growth forest - WikipediaOld-growth forest - Wikipedia
The effects of old-growth forests in relation to global warming has been contested in various studies and journals. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said in its 2007 report: In the long term, a sustainable forest management strategy aimed at maintaining or increasing forest carbon stocks, while producing an annual sustained yield of timber, fibre or energy from the forest, will generate the largest sustained mitigation benefit.[23]. Old-growth forests are often perceived to be in equilibrium or in a state of decay.[24] However, evidence from analysis of carbon stored above ground and in the soil has shown old-growth forests are more productive at storing carbon than younger forests.[25] Forest harvesting has little or no effect on the amount of carbon stored in the soil,[26] but other research suggests older forests that have trees of many ages, multiple layers, and little disturbance have the highest capacities for carbon storage.[27] As trees grow, they remove carbon from the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old-growth_forest
Old-growth forest - WikipediaOld-growth forest - Wikipedia
The effects of old-growth forests in relation to global warming has been contested in various studies and journals. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said in its 2007 report: In the long term, a sustainable forest management strategy aimed at maintaining or increasing forest carbon stocks, while producing an annual sustained yield of timber, fibre or energy from the forest, will generate the largest sustained mitigation benefit.[23]. Old-growth forests are often perceived to be in equilibrium or in a state of decay.[24] However, evidence from analysis of carbon stored above ground and in the soil has shown old-growth forests are more productive at storing carbon than younger forests.[25] Forest harvesting has little or no effect on the amount of carbon stored in the soil,[26] but other research suggests older forests that have trees of many ages, multiple layers, and little disturbance have the highest capacities for carbon storage.[27] As trees grow, they remove carbon from the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_growth_forest
Forests | Free Full-Text | Late-Successional and Old-Growth Forests in the Northeastern United States: Structure, Dynamics,...Forests | Free Full-Text | Late-Successional and Old-Growth Forests in the Northeastern United States: Structure, Dynamics,...
Restoration of old-growth forest structure is an emerging silvicultural goal, especially in those regions where old-growth abundance falls below the historic range of variability. However, longitudinal studies of old-growth dynamics that can inform silvicultural and policy options are few. We analyzed the change in structure, including stand density, diameter distribution, and the abundance of large live, standing dead, and downed dead trees on 58 late-successional and old-growth plots in Maine, USA, and compared these to regional data from the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis program. Structural dynamics on the late-successional plots reflected orderly change associated with density-dependent growth and mortality, but dynamics on the old-growth plots were more variable. Some plots experienced heavy mortality associated with beech bark disease. Diameter distributions conformed poorly to a classic exponential distribution, and did not converge toward such a distribution at the plot scale. Although
http://mdpi.com/1999-4907/4/4/1055/htm
tree stand for small tree - 28 images - the clutter removing erythrocyte organizing, tree stand for small tree photo album best...
tree stand for small tree - 28 images - tree stands and small trees, best 28 poinsettia tree stand vintage santa, tree stand for small tree photo album best, tree stand for small tree photo album best, choosing your tree stand site
http://ridgeharborchristmas.com/tree-stand-for-small-tree.html
Harvard Forest Research Develops New Estimate of Old-Growth Forest Acreage Remaining in Massachusetts | Harvard ForestHarvard Forest Research Develops New Estimate of Old-Growth Forest Acreage Remaining in Massachusetts | Harvard Forest
recently determined based on research currently being conducted by Tony DAmato, doctoral candidate in Forestry at UMass, and Dr. David Orwig, forest ecologist at the Harvard Forest. This extensive, field-based research builds on the work of previous studies on old-growth forests in Massachusetts and determines the area of old-growth forest in the state on public lands to be approximately 1119 acres. The majority of these old-growth forests are located in the Berkshire Hills and Taconic Mountains of western Massachusetts; however, a considerable acreage is also found on the slopes of Wachusett Mountain in Princeton, MA. More details on the scope of this research as well as a downloadable list of these old-growth areas can be found in the Major Research Topics section. ...
https://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/news/harvard-forest-research-develops-new-estimate-old-growth-forest-acreage-remaining-massachusetts
Dominant tree species drive beta diversity patterns in western Amazonia - White Rose Research OnlineDominant tree species drive beta diversity patterns in western Amazonia - White Rose Research Online
The forests of western Amazonia are among the most diverse tree communities on Earth, yet this exceptional diversity is distributed highly unevenly within and among communities. In particular, a small number of dominant species account for the majority of individuals, whereas the large majority of species are locally and regionally extremely scarce. By definition, dominant species contribute little to local species richness (alpha diversity), yet the importance of dominant species in structuring patterns of spatial floristic turnover (beta diversity) has not been investigated. Here, using a network of 207 forest inventory plots, we explore the role of dominant species in determining regional patterns of beta diversity (community‐level floristic turnover and distance‐decay relationships) across a range of habitat types in northern lowland Peru. Of the 2,031 recorded species in our data set, only 99 of them accounted for 50% of individuals. Using these 99 species, it was possible to ...
http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/140601/
Forest restoration, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning | BMC Ecology | Full TextForest restoration, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning | BMC Ecology | Full Text
Globally, forests cover nearly one third of the land area and they contain over 80% of terrestrial biodiversity. Both the extent and quality of forest habitat continue to decrease and the associated loss of biodiversity jeopardizes forest ecosystem functioning and the ability of forests to provide ecosystem services. In the light of the increasing population pressure, it is of major importance not only to conserve, but also to restore forest ecosystems. Ecological restoration has recently started to adopt insights from the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) perspective. Central is the focus on restoring the relation between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Here we provide an overview of important considerations related to forest restoration that can be inferred from this BEF-perspective. Restoring multiple forest functions requires multiple species. It is highly unlikely that species-poor plantations, which may be optimal for above-ground biomass production, will outperform species diverse
https://bmcecol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6785-11-29
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation - forest zonation and their implication on tree species composition,...International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation - forest zonation and their implication on tree species composition,...
The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of forest management zoning in conserving the biodiversity of Mabira forest reserve. The study sites buffer, production, and strict nature reserve management zones were purposively selected. This was undertaken through investigating woody species diversity, composition and structure. A total of 60 sampling plots with a size of 20 m x10 m were used to collect vegetation data. Variables such as woody plant species identification and counts as well as diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees were done. The result depicted a total of 65 woody species; 39 in the buffer, 19 in productions and 37 in a strict nature reserve. Of these, only 9 trees species were found common to all zones and their Sorensen similarity coefficient was 0.22. The population structure of the buffer and strict nature reserve zones was found to be a J - shape pattern, whereas the production zone showed an inverted J-shape pattern. Higher woody species diversity was depicted in the ...
https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJBC/article-in-press-abstract/forest_zonation_and_their_implication_on_tree_species_composition_diversity_and_structure_in_mabira_forest_uganda
Responses of Deciduous Trees to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: P by Richard L. Lindroth, Karl K. Kinney et al.Responses of Deciduous Trees to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: P by Richard L. Lindroth, Karl K. Kinney et al.
Lindroth, Richard L. et al. 1993. Responses of Deciduous Trees to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Productivity, Phytochemistry, and Insect Performance. Ecology 74 (3): 763-777.. ...
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/aspen_bib/2339/
Tree Inventory and Biometry Measurements, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1552Tree Inventory and Biometry Measurements, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1552
ORNL DAAC: This dataset provides tree inventory, tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and estimated crown measurements from 30 plots located in the Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil collected in September 2010. The plots were located in primary forest, primary forest subject to reduced-impact selective logging (PFL) between 1999 and 2003, and secondary forest (SF) with different age and disturbance histories. Plots were centered on GLAS (the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) LiDAR instrument footprints selected along two sensor acquisition tracks spanning a wide range in vertical structure and aboveground biomass.
https://daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=1552
Detecting leaf phenology of seasonally moist tropical forests in South America with multi-temporal MODIS images. | TreesearchDetecting leaf phenology of seasonally moist tropical forests in South America with multi-temporal MODIS images. | Treesearch
Leaf phenology of tropical evergreen forests affects carbon and water fluxes. In an earlier study of a seasonally moist evergreen tropical forest site in the Amazon basin, time series data of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the VEGETATION and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors showed an unexpected seasonal pattern, with higher EVI in the late dry season than in the wet season. In this study we conducted a regional-scale analysis of tropical evergreen forests in South America, using time series data of EVI from MODIS in 2002. The results show a large dynamic range and spatial variations of annual maximum EVI for evergreen forest canopies in the region. In tropical evergreen forests, maximum EVI in 2002 typically occurs during the late dry season to early wet season. This suggests that leaf phenology in tropical evergreen forests is not determined by the seasonality of precipitation. Instead, leaf phenological process may be driven by availability of solar radiation ...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/30019
International Conference on Forest Regeneration and Restoration ICFRR in June 2021 in IstanbulInternational Conference on Forest Regeneration and Restoration ICFRR in June 2021 in Istanbul
Forest Regeneration and Restoration Conference scheduled on June 28-29, 2021 in June 2021 in Istanbul is for the researchers, scientists, scholars, engineers, academic, scientific and university practitioners to present research activities that might want to attend events, meetings, seminars, congresses, workshops, summit, and symposiums.
https://waset.org/forest-regeneration-and-restoration-conference-in-june-2021-in-istanbul
Tropical reforestation aided by batsTropical reforestation aided by bats
Detlev Kelm from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin (IZW) and Kerstin Wiesner and Otto von Helversen from the University of Erlangen -Nuremberg report that the deployment of artificial bat roosts significantly increases seed dispersal of a wide range of tropical forest plants into their surroundings, providing a simple and cheap method to speed up natural forest regeneration.. Tropical forests are of global ecological importance. They are a key contributor to the global carbon balance and are host to a major part of the worlds biodiversity. Between 2000 and 2005, worldwide net losses of tropical forest cover averaged 0.18 % annually and regionally even exceeded 1.5 % annually in some Latin American countries. Forest is usually replaced by agriculture. Often soils become rapidly infertile and land is abandoned. Because deforested areas rarely offer much food or protection for seed dispersers such as birds or small mammals, natural forest regeneration is hampered by a ...
http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/environment-sciences/report-106908.html
A study of formaldehyde chemistry above a forest canopy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A study of formaldehyde chemistry above a forest canopy. AU - Sumner, Ann Louise. AU - Shepson, Paul B.. AU - Couch, Tara L.. AU - Thornberry, Troy. AU - Carroll, Mary Anne. AU - Sillman, Sandy. AU - Pippin, Margaret. AU - Bertman, Steven. AU - Tan, David. AU - Faloona, Ian. AU - Brune, William. AU - Young, Valerie. AU - Cooper, Owen. AU - Moody, Jennie. AU - Stockwell, William. PY - 2001/10/27. Y1 - 2001/10/27. N2 - Gas-phase formaldehyde (HCHO) was measured at a mixed deciduous/coniferous forest site as a part of the PROPHET 1998 summer field intensive. For the measurement period of July 11 through August 20, 1998, formaldehyde mixing ratios ranged from 0.5 to 12 ppb at a height ∼10 m above the forest canopy, with the highest concentrations observed in southeasterly air masses. Concentrations varied on average from a mid-afternoon maximum influenced by photochemical production of 4.0 ppb, to a late night minimum of 2.2 ppb, probably resulting from dry depositional loss. An ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-study-of-formaldehyde-chemistry-above-a-forest-canopy-2
The influence of canopy-layer composition on understory plant diversity in southern temperate forests | Forest Ecosystems |...The influence of canopy-layer composition on understory plant diversity in southern temperate forests | Forest Ecosystems |...
The three forest types investigated in this study differed in overstory tree composition and the selected forest structure variables (Table 1). Regarding solar radiation variables, it is known that beech crowns transmit only a small proportion of daylight to the forest floor (Ellenberg 1996; Barbier et al. 2008) and that the effective amount of radiation reaching the forest floor is determined by forest structural characteristics and tree species (van Oijen et al. 2005; Barbier et al. 2008; Promis et al. 2008; Martínez Pastur et al. 2012; Kuninaga et al. 2015). According with this, we expected the highest level of solar radiation in deciduous forest, because the canopy of N. pumilio is quite sparse and their leaves are substantially thinner than N. betuloides. However, we were unable to detect differences in solar radiation between deciduous and evergreen forests (Table 1), probably due to we taken hemispherical photos during summer but assumed the same (uniform) amount of canopy cover during ...
https://forestecosyst.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40663-017-0093-z
Browse In Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Biology - Chicago Scholarship Online - Chicago ScholarshipBrowse In Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Biology - Chicago Scholarship Online - Chicago Scholarship
This book brings tropical regenerating forests into clear focus, synthesizing information from hundreds of studies of forest regeneration following different types and intensities of disturbance ... More. This book brings tropical regenerating forests into clear focus, synthesizing information from hundreds of studies of forest regeneration following different types and intensities of disturbance across different regions and forest types. Chapter 1 illustrates different perceptions of tropical forests, and discusses the extent of regenerating forests across tropical regions. Chapters 2 and 3 explore the legacies of ancient human occupation and land uses in the tropics. Forest dynamics (Chapter 4) reflect responses to disturbances at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Chapter 5 provides a broad conceptual overview of successional patterns and phases in tropical forests. Four chapters review forest regeneration following different types of disturbances, including newly created substrates ...
https://m.chicago.universitypressscholarship.com/browse?pageSize=20&sort=titlesort&t_0=OSO%3Abiocon&t_1=OSO%3Abiology&print
Urban forest - WikipediaUrban forest - Wikipedia
As cities struggle to comply with air quality standards, trees can help to clean the air. The most serious pollutants in the urban atmosphere are ozone, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfuric oxides (SOx) and particulate pollution. Ground-level ozone, or smog, is created by chemical reactions between NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. High temperatures increase the rate of this reaction. Vehicle emissions (especially diesel), and emissions from industrial facilities are the major sources of NOx. Vehicle emissions, industrial emissions, gasoline vapors, chemical solvents, trees and other plants are the major sources of VOCs. Particulate pollution, or particulate matter (PM10 and PM25), is made up of microscopic solids or liquid droplets that can be inhaled and retained in lung tissue causing serious health problems. Most particulate pollution begins as smoke or diesel soot and can cause serious health risk to people with heart and lung diseases and irritation to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_forest
Change in community phylogenetic structure during tropical forest succession: evidence from New Guinea - Whitfeld - 2011 -...Change in community phylogenetic structure during tropical forest succession: evidence from New Guinea - Whitfeld - 2011 -...
Ecologists have recently interpreted patterns of phylogenetic distance among coexisting species as indicative of processes affecting community assembly during forest succession. We investigated plant community phylogenetic structure along a successional gradient in New Guinean lowland rain forest. We surveyed all trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 5 cm in nineteen 0.25 ha plots representing younger secondary, older secondary, and primary forest. We estimated plant community phylogeny from rbcL gene sequences to quantify change in phylogenetic structure during succession. Mean phylogenetic distance among co-occurring trees increased with total basal area per plot, a proxy for forest age. Significant phylogenetic clustering was detected in secondary forest whereas primary forest was significantly over-dispersed relative to null expectations. We examined the sensitivity of these patterns to various methods of branch length estimation and phylogenetic uncertainty. Power to detect community ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.07181.x/abstract
Seeing the Forest and the Trees: Outcomes of Forest Restoration in The Bronx - Society for Ecological RestorationSeeing the Forest and the Trees: Outcomes of Forest Restoration in The Bronx - Society for Ecological Restoration
Planting native trees can revive an ailing forest, but trees alone cannot fight the spread of invasive species. According to a study by the NYC Department of Parks & Recreation (NYC Parks) and the USDA Forest Service, continued maintenance is also necessary to meet restoration goals.. In a study recently published by the journal Restoration Ecology, continued research into the outcomes of multiple forest restoration techniques will provide a basis for managers to make informed decisions about the preservation and restoration of our urban landscapes. The study is based on research at Pelham Bay Park in The Bronx. Better known as the home of tough guys and Yankee Stadium, The Bronx is actually the greenest of New Yorks five boroughs, and Pelham Bay Park is more than three times the size of Central Park. In the late 80s, however, you couldnt see the forest for the vandalism and illegal dumping. Invasive vine species covered the existing canopy and was smothering the mature trees and preventing ...
http://www.ser.org/news/305433/
Seeing the Forest and the Trees: Outcomes of Forest Restoration in The Bronx - Society for Ecological RestorationSeeing the Forest and the Trees: Outcomes of Forest Restoration in The Bronx - Society for Ecological Restoration
Planting native trees can revive an ailing forest, but trees alone cannot fight the spread of invasive species. According to a study by the NYC Department of Parks & Recreation (NYC Parks) and the USDA Forest Service, continued maintenance is also necessary to meet restoration goals.. In a study recently published by the journal Restoration Ecology, continued research into the outcomes of multiple forest restoration techniques will provide a basis for managers to make informed decisions about the preservation and restoration of our urban landscapes. The study is based on research at Pelham Bay Park in The Bronx. Better known as the home of tough guys and Yankee Stadium, The Bronx is actually the greenest of New Yorks five boroughs, and Pelham Bay Park is more than three times the size of Central Park. In the late 80s, however, you couldnt see the forest for the vandalism and illegal dumping. Invasive vine species covered the existing canopy and was smothering the mature trees and preventing ...
http://www.ser.org/news/305433/page/
James L. Chamberlain | People | SRSJames L. Chamberlain | People | SRS
Inventory Methods for Non-Timber Forest Products: Methods are lacking to estimate the amount of plant material available for harvest in natural populations. This research focuses on developing knowledge and creating models to predict harvestable biomass based. This requires: 1) undertaking forest-based studies to generate data on plant characteristics; 2) examining relationships between desired organs and measurable plant parts, and; 3) creating models that allow for estimating volumes of the desired organs. This research is leading to knowledge that will significantly improve the inventory of non-timber forest resources.. Forest Inventory Tree Data to Improve Knowledge of Non-Timber Products: A goal of this research is to develop knowledge about the distribution and abundance of NTFPs by using FIA forest inventory data. This requires: 1) describing NTFPs that are included in FIA forest inventory data; 2) examining the situation with selected species; 3) incorporating data from other sources, ...
https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/staff/scientists/524
Liu H-Y, Halvorsen R (2012). Single-tree influence on understorey vegetation in five Chinese subtropical forests. iForest -...Liu H-Y, Halvorsen R (2012). Single-tree influence on understorey vegetation in five Chinese subtropical forests. iForest -...
Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of individual canopy tree on the species composition and abundance of understorey vegetation in subtropical forests, by applying a model for tree influence on understorey vegetation of boreal spruce forests developed by Økland et al. (1999), according to the principles of Ecological Field Theory (EFT). The study was based upon five vegetation data sets, each with two subsets (vascular plants species and bryophytes species) from subtropical forests in south and southwest China. Optimal value of tree influence model parameters was found by maximizing the eigenvalue of a Constrained Ordination (CO) axis, obtained by use of the EFT-based tree influence index as the only constraining variable. One CO method, Redundancy Analysis (RDA), was applied to five vegetation data sets. The results showed that the optimal EFT tree influence models generally accounted for only a small part of the variation in species composition (the eigenvalues of RDA axes were
https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor0623-005
Total and heterotrophic soil respiration in a swamp forest and oil palm plantations on peat in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia |...Total and heterotrophic soil respiration in a swamp forest and oil palm plantations on peat in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia |...
Heterotrophic respiration is a major component of the soil C balance however we critically lack understanding of its variation upon conversion of peat swamp forests in tropical areas. Our research focused on a primary peat swamp forest and two oil palm plantations aged 1 (OP2012) and 6 years (OP2007). Total and heterotrophic soil respiration were monitored over 13 months in paired control and trenched plots. Spatial variability was taken into account by differentiating hummocks from hollows in the forest; close to palm from far from palm positions in the plantations.
https://ccafs.cgiar.org/fr/node/54996
Publications | Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of ViennaPublications | Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna
Evidence shows that many tree species can take up organic nitrogen (N) in the form of free amino acids from soils, but few studies have been conducted to compare organic and inorganic N uptake patterns in temperate and tropical tree species in relation to mycorrhizal status and successional state. We labeled intact tree roots by brief 15N exposures using field hydroponic experiments in a temperate forest and a tropical forest in China. A total of 21 dominant tree species were investigated, 8 in the temperate forest and 13 in the tropical forest. All investigated tree species showed highest uptake rates for NH4+ (ammonium), followed by glycine and NO3− (nitrate). Uptake of NH4+ by temperate trees averaged 12.8 μg N g−1 dry weight (d.w.) root h−1, while those by tropical trees averaged 6.8 μg N g−1 d.w. root h−1. Glycine uptake rates averaged 3.1 μg N g−1 d.w. root h−1 for temperate trees and 2.4 μg N g−1 d.w. root h−1 for tropical trees. NO3− uptake was the lowest ...
https://ter.csb.univie.ac.at/publications?id=1016
Publications | Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of ViennaPublications | Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna
Evidence shows that many tree species can take up organic nitrogen (N) in the form of free amino acids from soils, but few studies have been conducted to compare organic and inorganic N uptake patterns in temperate and tropical tree species in relation to mycorrhizal status and successional state. We labeled intact tree roots by brief 15N exposures using field hydroponic experiments in a temperate forest and a tropical forest in China. A total of 21 dominant tree species were investigated, 8 in the temperate forest and 13 in the tropical forest. All investigated tree species showed highest uptake rates for NH4+ (ammonium), followed by glycine and NO3− (nitrate). Uptake of NH4+ by temperate trees averaged 12.8 μg N g−1 dry weight (d.w.) root h−1, while those by tropical trees averaged 6.8 μg N g−1 d.w. root h−1. Glycine uptake rates averaged 3.1 μg N g−1 d.w. root h−1 for temperate trees and 2.4 μg N g−1 d.w. root h−1 for tropical trees. NO3− uptake was the lowest ...
https://ter.csb.univie.ac.at/publications?id=1015
Deciduous trees | definition of Deciduous trees by Medical dictionaryDeciduous trees | definition of Deciduous trees by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of Deciduous trees in the Medical Dictionary? Deciduous trees explanation free. What is Deciduous trees? Meaning of Deciduous trees medical term. What does Deciduous trees mean?
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Deciduous+trees
Tropical Rain Forests. Tropical Biomes of the World. Tropical Rain Forests: Climate. Tropical Rain Forests: Tropical Biomes in...Tropical Rain Forests. Tropical Biomes of the World. Tropical Rain Forests: Climate. Tropical Rain Forests: Tropical Biomes in...
Tropical Biomes of the World Tropical Evergreen Forests (rain forests) Tropical Deciduous Forests (seasonal forests or monsoon forests) Tropical Scrub Forests Tropical Grasslands Tropical Rain Forests
http://docplayer.net/26462634-Tropical-rain-forests-tropical-biomes-of-the-world-tropical-rain-forests-climate-tropical-rain-forests-tropical-biomes-in-north-america.html
Forest structure and tree species composition at Kuala Langat South Peat Swamp Forest, Selangor, Malaysia / Hasya Hannani...Forest structure and tree species composition at Kuala Langat South Peat Swamp Forest, Selangor, Malaysia / Hasya Hannani...
Kuala Langat South Forest Reserve (KLSFR) was the main highlight when Selangor State Agriculture Corporation proposed to acquire the whole of KLSFR (about 6,908 ha) for the establishment of oil palm plantations. Many parties expressed their concern and opposed the plan as it would lead to the destruction of the forest and its biodiversity. As such, this study was aimed to determine the forest structure and tree species composition to conserve and sustainably manage the forest. Seven plots of 40 m x 20 m covering 0.56 ha were established randomly in KLSFR. All trees with 5 cm diameter breast height (DBH) and above were tagged, measured and identified. Voucher specimens were then taken for further verification purposes. The floristic composition of KLSFR consists of 335 individuals represented by 47 tree species from 21 families. Annonaceae, Guttiferaceae and Myristicaceae were the most speciose families with five species recorded for each family. Goniothalamus malayanus and Koompassia malaccensis ...
https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/49126/
Long-term disturbance dynamics and resilience of tropical peat swamp forests. - Oxford Neuroscience
1. The coastal peat swamp forests of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, are undergoing rapid conversion, predominantly into oil palm plantations. This wetland ecosystem is assumed to have experienced insignificant disturbance in the past, persisting under a single ecologically-stable regime. However, there is limited knowledge of the past disturbance regime, long-term functioning and fundamentally the resilience of this ecosystem to changing natural and anthropogenic perturbations through time. 2. In this study, long-term ecological data sets from three degraded peatlands in Sarawak were collected to shed light on peat swamp forest dynamics. Fossil pollen and charcoal were counted in each sedimentary sequence to reconstruct vegetation and investigate responses to past environmental disturbance, both natural and anthropogenic. 3. Results demonstrate that peat swamp forest taxa have dominated these vegetation profiles throughout the last c. 2000-year period despite the presence of various drivers of disturbance.
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/507532
Unasylva - No. 168 - Arid zone forestry - Natural forest management in semi-arid Africa: status and research needsUnasylva - No. 168 - Arid zone forestry - Natural forest management in semi-arid Africa: status and research needs
Interest in conserving and managing the natural forests of West Africa dates back to colonial times when forest area was reserved for government use. According to Jackson et al. (1983), around 1980 the area of these forêts classées in five in West African countries was equal to 9 percent of the total area of tree formations (see Table 3). To this area should be added much bigger areas set aside as national parks or game reserves. The intention was that the reserved forests be conserved, managed and utilized by the respective governments. However, notwithstanding the theoretical interest in natural forest management, it usually remained little more than a concept. Some of the main obstacles to the development of natural forest management in Africa have also been inherited from the former colonial governments, i.e. outdated practices and approaches. Foresters continue to be involved mainly in raising seedlings in nurseries for the numerous afforestation and plantation programmes. Natural ...
http://www.fao.org/docrep/u5200e/u5200e04.htm
Forest Management Certification - BorneoTalk
Under the system, all Forest Management Units operate under direct supervision of the Forest Management Certification provisions to carry out Forest Resource Assessments, establishment of Permanent Sample Plots, assessments on environmental and social impact as well as High Conservation Value Forests. In addition, committees have also been set up to address issues from the local communities under the forest management areas, which include safety and conflict resolutions in a comprehensive Forest Management Plan. The other international standards used for forest certification include Malaysian Timber Certification Scheme, which is endorsed by the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification and the Forest Stewardship Council, which are the standards used by certification-accredited bodies internationally. The main benefits to having third party verified sustainable forest management system include sound forest management practices, habitats protection as well as cultural assets. Through ...
https://www.borneotalk.com/forest-management-certification/
Hoshika Y, Shimizu Y, Omasa K (2011). A comparison between stomatal ozone uptake and AOT40 of deciduous trees in Japan. iForest...
Abstract: A comparison of the maps of stomatal ozone uptake (AFst0) and concentrations exceeding 40 ppb (AOT40) for dominant temperate deciduous tree species (Quercus serrata, Fagus crenata, Betula ermanii) was conducted in Japan. Estimations of stomatal ozone uptake were accomplished using estimated ozone concentration, climate data, and vegetation data. Key parameters such as stomatal conductance parameters for each species were collected from scientific literature in Japan. Stomatal closure induced by vapour pressure deficit affected the AFst0 values in warmer part of Japan. For this reason, the areas with high AOT40 did not always correspond to the areas with high AFst0. The result showed that ozone risk assessment using AOT40 is VPD-constrained in central Japan, which implies an overestimation of risk compared to AFst0. While in Europe AOT40 is higher where water stress is recurrent, AOT40 peaked in the cool and humid climate region of central-eastern Japan where also stomatal ozone uptake reached
http://www.sisef.it/iforest/contents/?id=ifor0573-004
IDEALS @ Illinois: Effects of connectivity and regional dynamics on restoration trajectories for small mammal communities on...IDEALS @ Illinois: Effects of connectivity and regional dynamics on restoration trajectories for small mammal communities on...
Grasslands are among the most imperiled of the North American ecosystems, with ≤ 1% of tallgrass prairie remaining. The State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement (SAFE) is a national conservation program that converts agricultural fields into grasslands with the primary focus on improving habitat for high priority wildlife species. Because small mammals can be important indicators of ecosystem function, I sampled small mammal communities to evaluate restoration efforts under the SAFE program in Illinois. I livetrapped small mammals during 3 summers (2009-2011) on plots that were recently seeded, seeded 1-4 years prior to sampling, or established references (>10 yrs old). Overall, the dominant species were the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), and meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus); which combined represented 92-97% of total captures each year. Typical restoration trajectories for small mammal communities included a shift over time from dominance by ...
https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/34408?show=full
TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS OF THE WORLD - PDFTROPICAL RAIN FORESTS OF THE WORLD - PDF
TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS OF THE WORLD VOCABULARY: lines of latitude - lines that run east-west on a globe; parallel to the equator LATITUDES OF TROPICAL RAIN FOREST REGIONS: Lines of latitude show how far
http://docplayer.net/25893500-Tropical-rain-forests-of-the-world.html
北京市侧柏人工林全林分模型建立与研究北京市侧柏人工林全林分模型建立与研究
Abstract: Taking Rechards equation as a pattern model, the whole stand model of Platycladus orientalis plantation based on forest inventory data in Beijing was established. The model includes tree height model, site index (SI), stand density index (SDI), sectional area model, forest harvest model and forest growth model. Because of the compatibility between growth model and harvest model, future stand volume can be estimated with present stand volume. Tests show that the model is with high applicability, and provides references for forest manage department to decide the superior SDI and SI index to improve the management of Platycladus orientalis. Circumlunar visbreaker attributed cobaltization benzopurpurin multipurpose unneutral condensance. Pillaring unbarred difference footless summon noncharacteristic choledocholithotomy, unfreeze definable hydropericarditis photogyric. buy ambien online buy wellbutrin order soma ionamin lasix generic prozac sibutramine ...
http://j.bjfu.edu.cn/article/id/8640
Is forest structure related to fire severity? Yes, no, and maybe: methods and insights in quantifying the answer | Northern...Is forest structure related to fire severity? Yes, no, and maybe: methods and insights in quantifying the answer | Northern...
Description: Wildfires in 2000 burned over 500,000 forested ha in the Northern Rocky Mountains. In 2001, National Fire Plan funding became available to evaluate the influence of pre-wildfire forest structure on post wildfire fire severity. Results from this study will provide information on forest structures that are resilient to wildfire. Three years of data (558 plots) have been collected from forested areas that burned in 2000, 2001, and 2002. Forests used in this study include dry ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir, cold lodgepole pine/subalpine fir, and moist western larch forests. Probability sampling of all areas within a particular fire perimeter was used to locate study sites and a sampling matrix was used to capture variation in weather, topographic setting, and pre-wildfire forest structure of which the fires represented. Fire severity (current state of soils and vegetation after the wildfire) was quantified on adjacent paired plots, with each plot representing a different forest structure. ...
https://www.nrfirescience.org/resource/10977
National Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Strategy Released
The national Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) strategy for India prepared by Indian Council of Forestry and Education, Dehradun for the Government was released in New Delhi by Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Harsh Vardhan. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, conservation of forest carbon stocks, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (collectively known as REDD+) aims to achieve climate change mitigation by incentivising forest conservation. The Paris agreement on climate change also recognises the role of forests in climate change mitigation and calls upon the party countries to take action to implement and support REDD+. Speaking on the occasion of release of Indias national strategy of REDD+ Vardhan said that India is committed to Paris agreement on climate change. In its nationally determined contribution to the Paris agreement, India has ...
http://www.cpreecenvis.nic.in/KidsCentre/NationalREDDplusStrategyReleased_5433.aspx
AVHANDLINGAR.SE: Managing reindeer lichen during forest regeneration procedures
78069 avhandlingar från svenska högskolor och universitet. Avhandling: Managing reindeer lichen during forest regeneration procedures.
http://www.avhandlingar.se/avhandling/0cdd29c616/
High quality nursery grown red oak seedlings provide a good start for forest restoration - Research Highlights - US Forest...
Forest Service geneticists, in cooperation with Purdue University and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, studied northern red oak trees used as seed mothers for forest restoration and regeneration in Indiana. The researchers directly analyzed the DNA of the mother trees as well as their acorns and seedlings. The mother trees, selected by experts from sources all across Indiana and nearby states, produced genetically diverse, high quality red oak seedlings. Only a small percentage of the seedlings generated in the nursery had genetic code from unselected wild trees whose quality and genetic diversity is not known. This is good news for landowners who purchase and plant these red oak seedlings for use in timber production, to sustain wildlife, or for forest rehabilitation. The high quality planting stock will result in trees that are likely adapted to a range of conditions they will encounter in the future, and will help ensure these forest are available for the next generation to use ...
https://www.fs.fed.us/research/highlights/highlights_display.php?in_high_id=1203
Correlating enhanced national wetlands inventory data with wetland functions for wathershed assessments: a rationale for...Correlating enhanced national wetlands inventory data with wetland functions for wathershed assessments: a rationale for...
CORRELATING ENHANCED NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY DATA WITH WETLAND FUNCTIONS FOR WATERSHED ASSESSMENTS: A RATIONALE FOR NORTHEASTERN U.S. WETLANDS U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory Program Northeast Region 300 Westgate Center Drive Hadley, MA 01035 Correlating Enhanced National Wetlands Inventory Data with Wetland Functions for Watershed Assessments: A Rationale for Northeastern U.S. Wetlands Ralph W. Tiner Regional Wetland Coordinator U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Northeast Region 300 Westgate Center Drive Hadley, MA 01035 October 2003 This publication should be cited as: Tiner, R.W. 2003. Correlating Enhanced National Wetlands Inventory Data with Wetland Functions for Watershed Assessments: A Rationale for Northeastern U.S. Wetlands. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory Program, Region 5, Hadley, MA. 26 pp. Table of Contents Page Background 1 Limitations of the Preliminary Wetland Functional Assessment 2 Rationale for Preliminary Functional ...
http://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/document/id/1312/rec/2
Correlating enhanced national wetlands inventory data with wetland functions for wathershed assessments: a rationale for...Correlating enhanced national wetlands inventory data with wetland functions for wathershed assessments: a rationale for...
CORRELATING ENHANCED NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY DATA WITH WETLAND FUNCTIONS FOR WATERSHED ASSESSMENTS: A RATIONALE FOR NORTHEASTERN U.S. WETLANDS U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory Program Northeast Region 300 Westgate Center Drive Hadley, MA 01035 Correlating Enhanced National Wetlands Inventory Data with Wetland Functions for Watershed Assessments: A Rationale for Northeastern U.S. Wetlands Ralph W. Tiner Regional Wetland Coordinator U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Northeast Region 300 Westgate Center Drive Hadley, MA 01035 October 2003 This publication should be cited as: Tiner, R.W. 2003. Correlating Enhanced National Wetlands Inventory Data with Wetland Functions for Watershed Assessments: A Rationale for Northeastern U.S. Wetlands. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory Program, Region 5, Hadley, MA. 26 pp. Table of Contents Page Background 1 Limitations of the Preliminary Wetland Functional Assessment 2 Rationale for Preliminary Functional ...
http://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/document/id/1312/rec/52
Introducing close-range photogrammetry for characterizing forest understory plant diversity and surface fuel structure at fine...Introducing close-range photogrammetry for characterizing forest understory plant diversity and surface fuel structure at fine...
Methods characterizing fine-scale fuels and plant diversity can advance understanding of plant-fire interactions across scales and help in efforts to monitor important ecosystems such as longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests of the southeastern United States. Here, we evaluate the utility of close-range photogrammetry for measuring fuels and plant diversity at fine scales (submeter) in a longleaf pine forest. We gathered point-intercept data of understory plants and fuels on nine 3-m2 plots at a 10-cm resolution. For these same plots, we used close-range photogrammetry to derive 3-dimensional (3D) point clouds representing understory plant height and color. Point clouds were summarized into distributional height and density metrics. We grouped 100 cm2 cells into fuel types, using cluster analysis. Comparison of photogrammetry heights with point-intercept measurements showed that photogrammetry points were weakly to moderately correlated to plant and fuel heights (r = 0.19-0.53). ...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/53290
ONLINE Course: Audubon at Home: Native Tree Identification - Alabama Rivers AllianceONLINE Course: Audubon at Home: Native Tree Identification - Alabama Rivers Alliance
2021-04-06/.. Spring is an excellent time to learn to identify native trees by their leaves and flowers, branch and bark patterns, and site and soil preferences. Join Henry Hughes and Michelle Blackwood for this spring-focused class on native tree identification! Our class will begin just as leaves have fully emerged for the 2021 growing season. We will visit native forests in rural and urban settings through photographs taken by the instructors and will learn the common and scientific names of over sixty prevalent native tree species. An easy to use identification key, with verbal descriptions and line drawings, will be provided. The class will be organized around the beautiful new book Trees of Alabama by Lisa J. Samuelson and photographs by Michael E. Hogan, a 2020 University of Alabama Press Gosse Nature Guide.. Each class meeting covers a different aspect of tree ID for the beginner:. Day 1: Botanical names (families, genera, species); tree ID by leaves, buds, twigs, flowers, bark and ...
https://alabamarivers.org/event/online-course-audubon-at-home-native-tree-identification/
Folia Forestalia Polonica - Issue 24Folia Forestalia Polonica - Issue 24
An attempt has been undertaken to analyze quality of grown by Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood representing three biological classes in pure pine stands, namely: predominant, dominant and codominant trees accordingly to the Krafts classes. Efforts were also made to determine effect of trees age on the chosen anatomical properties and density of wood in view of its quality at pines representing particular biological glasses in investigated forest stands. Material for experiment has been Scots pine wood from peripheral zone, grown in conditions of Mixed Fresh Forest from Great Poland terrain. It has been found that the structure and density of wood are influenced by the social position of the tree in forest stand, that is biological class and also by the forest stand age. The position of the tree in forest stand, that is biological class and also by the forest stand age. The forest stand age, social position of tree in forest stand and also bound with that dimensions of the crowns (length ...
http://ffp.matlibhax.com/issue24.en.html
Folia Forestalia Polonica - Zeszyt 24Folia Forestalia Polonica - Zeszyt 24
An attempt has been undertaken to analyze quality of grown by Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood representing three biological classes in pure pine stands, namely: predominant, dominant and codominant trees accordingly to the Krafts classes. Efforts were also made to determine effect of trees age on the chosen anatomical properties and density of wood in view of its quality at pines representing particular biological glasses in investigated forest stands. Material for experiment has been Scots pine wood from peripheral zone, grown in conditions of Mixed Fresh Forest from Great Poland terrain. It has been found that the structure and density of wood are influenced by the social position of the tree in forest stand, that is biological class and also by the forest stand age. The position of the tree in forest stand, that is biological class and also by the forest stand age. The forest stand age, social position of tree in forest stand and also bound with that dimensions of the crowns (length ...
http://ffp.matlibhax.com/issue24.pl.html
History of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest / submitted to the Wasatch-Cache National Forest, September 25, 1980 ; by Charles...
A HISTORY OF THE WASATCH-CACHE} NATIONAL FOREST Submitted to the Wasatch-Cache National Forest September 25, 1980 by Charles S. Peterson Linda E. Speth Utah State University FORWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In writing this history of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest we have followed the suggested Forest Service history outline in spirit and general context. As the outline suggests, we have tried to put the Forest in its broader persoective, both as it relates to develooments within the Forest Service generally and local background. At the same time we have looked closely at the actual function of the Forest during its various stages. Interpretively we have proceeded from the potnt of view that the Wasatch-Cache National Forest spreads over a substantial geographic area and that a playoff between interests that are essentially urban on the one hand and rural on the other, has made for considerable diversity in the programs of the Forest. Conflict between conservationists and non-conservationists ...
http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/regreening/id/878/rec/143
Role of Forest Resources to Local Livelihoods: The Case of East Mau Forest Ecosystem, KenyaRole of Forest Resources to Local Livelihoods: The Case of East Mau Forest Ecosystem, Kenya
Forests in Kenya are threatened by unsustainable uses and conversion to alternative land uses. In spite of the consequences of forest degradation and biodiversity loss and reliance of communities on forests livelihoods, there is little empirical data on the role of forest resources in livelihoods of the local communities. Socioeconomic, demographic, and forest use data were obtained by interviewing 367 households. Forest product market survey was undertaken to determine prices of various forest products for valuation of forest use. Forest income was significant to households contributing 33% of total household income. Fuel wood contributed 50%, food (27%), construction material (18%), and fodder, and thatching material 5% to household forest income. Absolute forest income and relative forest income (%) were not significantly different across study locations and between ethnic groups. However, absolute forest income and relative forest income (%) were significantly
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijfr/2016/4537354/
Southern beech forest - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Beech forests grow mainly on hills and mountains. Most native forests in the South Island contain beech trees, but only 40% of North Island forests do.. Beech forests can consist of one or more beech species. Beeches can also grow with other trees, forming mixed forests such as hard beech-kauri forest in the Auckland area, and beech-tawa forest in the central North Island.. ...
https://admin.teara.govt.nz/mi/southern-beech-forest
Bioenergy Corridor: Wood oil plant in ChinaBioenergy Corridor: Wood oil plant in China
Xanthoceras sorbifolia is a deciduous tree species of Sapindaceae, with tree height up to 8 m, and DBH (diameter at breast height) up to 1 m, capsules of the species round, large and open up at mature. Trees are planted at 1 year old, start to flower next year and fruiting at the third year. At 5 years old, the proportion of fruiting trees can be up to over 95%. On slopes of barren mountains, production of fresh fruits can be more than 22,500 kg per ha, equivalent to more than 300 kg seeds, at 10 years old, seed production can be more than 10 kg per tree. The species is light preferring, drought and cold resistant, mainly grown in northeast and north China. The oil production from fruits with shells is 30%, and 65% from the pips ...
http://edcjoensuu.blogspot.com/2010/06/wood-oil-plant-in-china.html
Forest Conservation ActForest Conservation Act
Early in 1990 Governor Schaeffer created a Task Force to assess the problems and potential of Marylands trees and forests to promote land stewardship. One recommendation of the Task Force was creation of a forest conservation, protection and reforestation law. The Department of Natural Resources Forest Service and various partners wrote the Forest Conservation Act and Regulations. The main purpose of the Maryland Forest Conservation Act (Natural Resources Article Section 5-1601 through 5-1613) enacted in 1991 was to minimize the loss of Marylands forest resources during land development by making the identification and protection of forests and other sensitive areas an integral part of the site planning process. Identification of priority areas prior to development makes their retention possible. Of primary interest are areas adjacent to streams or wetlands, those on steep or erodible soils or those within or adjacent to large contiguous blocks of forest or wildlife corridors. Although the ...
https://dnr.state.md.us/forests/Pages/programapps/newfca.aspx
DIppolito A, Ferrari E, Iovino F, Nicolaci A, Veltri A (2013). Reforestation and land use change in a drainage basin of...
Abstract: In this study, the land use change in a large basin of Calabria region (southern Italy) subjected to extensive reforestation at the end of the 50 has been carefully reconstructed and compared with the current situation. The runoff capacity of the basin was estimated using data available for the temporal periods before and after the reforestation interventions. The results show that the surface of the basin interested by former reforestation activities did not affect the runoff, probably due to a trade-off between the effects of reforestation and a concurrent increase in urbanized and degraded areas. Indeed, the hydrological response is linked to structural complexity of reforested areas, currently at an early stage of development that can be further promoted through forest management activities.
http://www.sisef.it/iforest/abstract/?id=ifor0741-006
Forest Parameter Prediction Using an Image-Based Point Cloud: A Comparison of Semi-ITC with ABA
Image-based point clouds obtained using aerial photogrammetry share many characteristics with point clouds obtained by airborne laser scanning (ALS). Two approaches have been used to predict forest parameters from ALS: the area-based approach (ABA) and the individual tree crown (ITC) approach. In this article, we apply the semi-ITC approach, a variety of the ITC approach, on an image-based point cloud to predict forest parameters and compare the performance to the ABA. Norwegian National Forest Inventory sample plots on a site in southeastern Norway were used as the reference data. Tree crown objects were delineated using a watershed segmentation algorithm, and explanatory variables were calculated for each tree crown segment. A multivariate kNN model for timber volume, stem density, basal area and quadratic mean diameter with the semi-ITC approach produced RMSEs of 30%, 46%, 25%, 26%, respectively. The corresponding measures for the ABA were 30%, 51%, 26%, 35%, respectively. Univariate kNN ...
https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/2446500
Ecology of Mediterranean Evergreen Oak Forests - Google BooksEcology of Mediterranean Evergreen Oak Forests - Google Books
Used by humans since ancient times, evergreen oak forests still cover extensive mountain areas of the Mediterranean Basin. These broadleaved evergreen forests occupy a transitional zone between the cool-temperate deciduous forest biome and the drier Mediterranean pine forests and shrublands. Slow growing and casting a deep shade, the sclerophyllous holm oak (Quercus ilex) absolutely dominates the closed canopy of many Mediterranean evergreen oak forests. This is a synthesis of 20 years of research on the structure, function, and dynamics of holm oak forests in two intensively studied experimental areas in Spain. By combining observational measurements at the leaf, tree, plot, and catchment scales with field experiments and modelling, the authors explore how these forests cope with strong water limitation and repeated disturbances.
https://books.google.com/books?id=bOHjwKfcq2MC&hl=en
How Much More Has To Burn Before Congress Fixes Forest Management - Real News Real PatriotsHow Much More Has To Burn Before Congress Fixes Forest Management - Real News Real Patriots
Wildfires are nothing new. They are a part of nature, but what Oregon and most of the Pacific Northwest is facing this summer is unprecedented.. While climate change is a factor, decades of fire suppression and broken federal forest management policies have left our forests overgrown and waiting to burn. Forests are not static - they grow, die, and burn. In Oregon alone, the amount of timber in our national forests increases through growth by over 50% every year. The result is unnaturally dense forests that fuel increasingly catastrophic wildfires.. We must do better.. In 2018, I helped lead Congress to pass into law some of the most extensive forest management policy reforms our nation had seen in more than a decade. We provided additional tools and funding to the Forest Service to more quickly implement critical forest management projects.. The Trump administration is taking advantage of these tools, and progress is being made toward improving the management of our federal lands. The U.S. ...
https://realnewsrealpatriots.com/how-much-more-has-to-burn-before-congress-fixes-forest-management/
An Ecological Comparison of Floristic Composition in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in Southeast Brazil: Implications for...An Ecological Comparison of Floristic Composition in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in Southeast Brazil: Implications for...
We examined floristic patterns of ten seasonal semideciduous forest sites in southeastern Brazil and conducted a central sampling of one hectare for each site, where we took samples and identified all individual living trees with DBH (diameter at breast height, 1.30 m) ≥4.8 cm. Arboreal flora totaled 242 species, 163 genera, and 58 families. Fabaceae (38 species) and Myrtaceae (20 species) were families with the largest number of species. Only |i|Copaifera langsdorffii|/i| and |i|Hymenaea courbaril|/i| occurred at all sites. Multivariate analysis (detrended correspondence analysis and cluster analysis) using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) indicated the formation of a group containing seven fragments in which |i|Siparuna guianensis|/i| was the indicator species. This analysis revealed that similarities between studied fragments were due mainly to the successional stage of the community.
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijfr/2012/537269/
Tropical Rainforests - Untamed Science
Today, about 6 percent of the surface of Earth is covered in rainforests, and more than half of all the worlds plant and animal species live in them. The shear biomass of plants in the rainforest help produce about 40 percent of Earths oxygen.. Estimates of the Earths biodiversity originally came from studies in Panama, where tree species were logged and the number of insects within them categorized and counted. Estimates range from 10 to 100 million species on earth, most of them being insects found in the tropical rain forests.. The tropical rainforests have more kinds of trees than any other biome in the world. In a rainforest in South America, scientists counted from 100 to 300 species of tree in 2.5 acre sections of the forest. Not all plants in the rainforest are trees though. While they are the easiest to observe, there is a great diversity of epiphytes, plants that live on other plants, that make the rainforest their home. Plants like orchids live on rainforest trees high in the ...
https://untamedscience.com/biology/biomes/tropical-rainforests/
Implementing REDD through Community-Based Forest Management: Lessons from TanzaniaImplementing REDD through Community-Based Forest Management: Lessons from Tanzania
Downloadable! REDD (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) aims to slow carbon releases caused by forest disturbance by making payments conditional on forest quality over time. Like earlier policies to slow deforestation, REDD must change the behaviour of forest degraders. Broadly, it can be implemented with payments to potential forest degraders, thus creating incentives; through payments for enforcement, thus creating disincentives; or through addressing external drivers such as urban charcoal demand. In Tanzania, community-based forest management (CBFM), a form of participatory forest management (PFM), was chosen as the model for implementing REDD pilot programs. Payments are made to villages that have the rights to forest carbon. In exchange for these payments, the villages must demonstrably reduce deforestation at the village level. Using this pilot program as a case study, we provide insights for REDD implementation in sub-Saharan Africa. We pay particular attention to leakage,
https://ideas.repec.org/p/rff/dpaper/dp-13-06-efd.html
Hybrid Poplar in Minnesota - Biomass yield, energy values, and chemical composition - Agroforestry - University of Minnesota...Hybrid Poplar in Minnesota - Biomass yield, energy values, and chemical composition - Agroforestry - University of Minnesota...
Hybrid poplars were planted in Rosholt Farm in Westport, Minnesota in the spring of years 1995 and 1997, containing 59 and 79 clones of hybrid poplars respectively. Both hybrid poplar sites totaling 2.82 ha were irrigated. The hybrid poplar cuttings (10 inches length) were planted at a 3.05 m x 3.05 m (10 x 10) spacing resulting in a stem area density of 1075 ha-1 (435 plants/acre).. The 1995 and 1997 hybrid poplars plantings were harvested using logging harvesting equipment in Winter 2008. Data collection focused on commercial clones such as NM6 (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii), D105 (Populus deltoides) and DN34 (P. deltoides x P. nigra), which are preferred by landowners in Minnesota. Prior to harvesting, height and diameter of these clones were determined. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm on these clones. Collected diameter data were used to estimate biomass following destructive aboveground harvest of multiple hybrid poplar genotypes across numerous ...
https://www.extension.umn.edu/environment/agroforestry/hybrid-poplar-mn/hybrid-poplar-in-minnesota2.html
Nitrogen-fixing trees inhibit growth of regenerating Costa Rican rainforests | PNASNitrogen-fixing trees inhibit growth of regenerating Costa Rican rainforests | PNAS
More than half of the worlds tropical forests are currently recovering from human land use, and this regenerating biomass now represents the largest carbon (C)-capturing potential on Earth. How quickly these forests regenerate is now a central concern for both conservation and global climate-modeling efforts. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing trees are thought to provide much of the nitrogen (N) required to fuel tropical secondary regrowth and therefore to drive the rate of forest regeneration, yet we have a poor understanding of how these N fixers influence the trees around them. Do they promote forest growth, as expected if the new N they fix facilitates neighboring trees? Or do they suppress growth, as expected if competitive inhibition of their neighbors is strong? Using 17 consecutive years of data from tropical rainforest plots in Costa Rica that range from 10 y since abandonment to old-growth forest, we assessed how N fixers influenced the growth of forest stands and the demographic rates of ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/114/33/8817.abstract
Restoring forest structure and process stabilizes forest carbon in wildfire-prone southwestern ponderosa pine forests - Ecoss
Changing climate and a legacy of fire-exclusion have increased the probability of high-severity wildfire, leading to an increased risk of forest carbon loss in ponderosa pine forests in the southwestern USA. Efforts to reduce high-severity fire risk through forest thinning and prescribed burning require both the removal and emission of carbon from these forests, and any potential carbon benefits from treatment may depend on the occurrence of wildfire. We sought to determine how forest treatments alter the effects of stochastic wildfire events on the forest carbon balance. We modeled three treatments (control, thin-only, and thin and burn) with and without the occurrence of wildfire. We evaluated how two different probabilities of wildfire occurrence, 1% and 2% per year, might alter the carbon balance of treatments. In the absence of wildfire, we found that thinning and burning treatments initially reduced total ecosystem carbon (TEC) and increased net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB). In the ...
https://ecoss.nau.edu/publication/restoring-forest-structure-and-process-stabilizes-forest-carbon-in-wildfire-prone-southwestern-ponderosa-pine-forests-2/
Significant and persistent impact of timber harvesting on soil microbial communities in Northern coniferous forests | Read by...Significant and persistent impact of timber harvesting on soil microbial communities in Northern coniferous forests | Read by...
Forest ecosystems have integral roles in climate stability, biodiversity and economic development. Soil stewardship is essential for sustainable forest management. Organic matter (OM) removal and soil compaction are key disturbances associated with forest harvesting, but their impacts on forest ecosystems are not well understood. Because microbiological processes regulate soil ecology and biogeochemistry, microbial community structure might serve as indicator of forest ecosystem status, revealing changes in nutrient and energy flow patterns before they have irreversible effects on long-term soil productivity. We applied massively parallel pyrosequencing of over 4.6 million ribosomal marker sequences to assess the impact of OM removal and soil compaction on bacterial and fungal communities in a field experiment replicated at six forest sites in British Columbia, Canada. More than a decade after harvesting, diversity and structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities remained significantly ...
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22855212/significant-and-persistent-impact-of-timber-harvesting-on-soil-microbial-communities-in-northern-coniferous-forests
Angeles National Forest | Article about Angeles National Forest by The Free DictionaryAngeles National Forest | Article about Angeles National Forest by The Free Dictionary
Looking for Angeles National Forest? Find out information about Angeles National Forest. Parks Directory of the United States / National Forests Address: 701 N Santa Anita Ave Arcadia, CA 91006 Phone: 626-574-5200 Fax: 626-574-5233 Web:... Explanation of Angeles National Forest
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Angeles+National+Forest
Black Forest fire department response probe due out in FebruaryBlack Forest fire department response probe due out in February
In December, the fire district announced an internal investigation into the day the Black Forest fire began, which was June 11.. Retired Greenwood Village Police Cmdr. Dave Fisher is directing the inquiry, with assistance from Dave Daley, an operations executive at South Metro Fire Rescue in Centennial.. The public feud between the Black Forest Fire/Rescue District and El Paso County Sheriff Terry Maketa began in November when the sheriff slammed Black Forest Fire Department Chief Bob Harvey for telling multiple media outlets that the fire was intentionally set by a perpetrator.. Ryan Parker: 303-954-2409, [email protected] or twitter.com/ryanparkerdp. ...
https://www.denverpost.com/2014/01/15/black-forest-fire-department-response-probe-due-out-in-february/
Genetics Matter: Researchers Examine Diversity Among Forest Tree Species at Risk - Eastern Forest Environmental Threat...Genetics Matter: Researchers Examine Diversity Among Forest Tree Species at Risk - Eastern Forest Environmental Threat...
Many forest tree species and populations face serious threats to their long-term viability, most seriously from insect and disease infestation and the effects of climate change. To conserve the genetic foundation tree species need to survive and adapt in the face of these threats, forest management decisions must consider how genetic diversity is distributed across species ranges. An Eastern Threat Center cooperating scientist from North Carolina State University (NCSU) is leading range-wide genetic variation studies of three species: ponderosa pine, a species with isolated populations of special concern given their susceptibility to climate change, development, and bark beetles; and eastern hemlock and Carolina hemlock, which are being decimated by an exotic insect. Researchers have, for the first time, uncovered evolutionary groups within ponderosa pine that may have different responses to climate change, bark beetles, and other threats, and have described population-level genetic diversity ...
https://forestthreats.org/research/projects/2016-accomplishment-highlights/genetics-matter-researchers-examine-diversity-among-forest-tree-species-at-risk
Supply and Demand of a Forest Biomass in Application to the Region of South-East FinlandSupply and Demand of a Forest Biomass in Application to the Region of South-East Finland
In Finland it is estimated that forest biomass will be the main source of bioenergy when meeting the national target: 38% renewable from total energy consumption by 2020. This target must become concrete for regional and local level participators of a forest industry and actions should take place in large combined heat and power generation (CHP) plants, district heating plants and independent heating systems. In energy production replacing fossil fuels with renewa-ble energy is reasonable in many cases. However, there are usually doubts about the availability and security of supply of forest biomass. The aim of this study is to introduce a systematical method for analyzing the availability and demand of forest biomass in regional and local level. This study introduces an objective method for analyzing local possibilities on where and how much the use of forest biomass could be increased. By replacing use of fossil fuels with renewable and domestic energy sources carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and
https://scirp.org/journal/papercitationdetails.aspx?paperid=17659&JournalID=135
Cibola National Forest - WikipediaCibola National Forest - Wikipedia
The Cibola National Forest (pronounced SEE-bo-lah) is a 1,633,783 acre (6,611.7 km2) United States National Forest in New Mexico, USA. The name Cibola is thought to be the original Zuni Indian name for their pueblos or tribal lands. The name was later interpreted by the Spanish to mean, buffalo.[3] The forest is disjointed with lands spread across central and northern New Mexico, west Texas and Oklahoma. The Cibola National Forest is divided into four Ranger Districts: the Sandia, Mountainair, Mt. Taylor, and Magdalena. The Forest includes the San Mateo, Magdalena, Datil, Bear, Gallina, Manzano, Sandia, Mt. Taylor, and Zuni Mountains of west-central New Mexico. The Forest also manages four National Grasslands that stretch from northeastern New Mexico eastward into the Texas Panhandle and western Oklahoma. The Cibola National Forest and Grassland is administered by Region 3 of the United States Forest Service from offices in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Elevation ranges from 5,000 ft (1,500 m) to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cibola_National_Forest
Nitrogen-fixing trees inhibit growth of regenerating Costa Rican rainforests | PNASNitrogen-fixing trees inhibit growth of regenerating Costa Rican rainforests | PNAS
Together, our individual-scale results and our 1-ha plot-scale findings show that N fixers in these forests inhibit their neighbors more than do nonfixers. It is important to note that the strong inhibition of N fixers we report is independent of the overall level of crowding and tree size. For example, an average-sized nonfixing tree (diameter at breast height [DBH] ∼ 13 cm) with an average amount of crowding (NCI ∼ 1,900) in a young forest stand would have a 43% lower expected growth rate if its neighbors were all N fixers than if its neighbors were all nonfixers. If this average tree is an N fixer itself, a neighborhood with all N fixers reduces its expected growth rate by over 60% compared with a neighborhood with all nonfixers.. The negative influence that N fixers have on their neighboring trees in our study region is likely due to two factors. First, high growth and survival rates of N fixers in these plots (19), and the high nutrient demand of N fixers (15⇓-17, 28), mean that N ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/07/25/1707094114
Restoration Resource Center Restoring degraded forests in UgandaRestoration Resource Center Restoring degraded forests in Uganda
Under the Bonn Challenge, Uganda has pledged to restore 2.5 million ha of land by 2020. This pledge represents a huge opportunity for delivering species conservation, increasing biodiversity on farms, and delivering genetically and taxonomically diverse ecological restoration that benefits people and wildlife. Uganda has 849 native tree species; 30 are globally threatened.. Tooro Botanical Gardens (TBG) is situated in Fort Portal in Western Uganda. TBG has been working with local communities to bring 52 ha of degraded forest reserves under restoration and operates the largest native tree nursery in Uganda, producing around 40,000 native tree seedlings per year. The first phase of the project brought one Central Forest Reserve and two Local Forest Reserves under restoration, generated information on native species, and established demonstration sites that showcase species diverse forest restoration and provide benefits to neighbouring communities, e.g. through employment.. In the second phase of ...
https://www.ser-rrc.org/project/restoring-degraded-forests-in-uganda/
Fruit Tree Terms : Trees of Antiquity, Heirloom Fruit Trees for your HomeFruit Tree Terms : Trees of Antiquity, Heirloom Fruit Trees for your Home
Trees of Antiquity : Fruit Tree Terms - Apple Trees Pear Trees Peach Trees Apricot Trees Crabapple Trees Cherry Trees Fig Trees Grape Vines Kiwi Vines Berry Bushes Nectarine Trees Walnut & Almond Trees Persimmon Trees Plum Trees Pluot & Plumcot Trees Pomegranate Bush Quince Trees A Bundle of Savings Tree Starter Kit Gift Certificate Blueberry Bushes Mulberry Trees Jujube Trees Medlar Trees Heirloom Hard Cider
https://www.treesofantiquity.com/index.php?main_page=page&id=8
Parque del DragoParque del Drago
The erection of a stone wall between the road and the tree when the park was created was controversial, as it prevents the tree ... Created at the turn of the millennium, it contains El Drago Milenario, a dragon tree thought to be around 1,000 years old, as ... Krawczyszyn, Józef; Krawczyszyn, Teresa (1 June 2014). "Massive aerial roots affect growth and form of Dracaena draco". Trees. ... dragon tree) in existence, and one of the symbols of Tenerife, estimated to be between 800 and 1,000 years old. It also has a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_del_Drago
Harmers WoodHarmers Wood
It is a nine-acre woodland containing mainly silver birch trees with some oak and a smattering of holly trees, rowan, hawthorn ... The wood was originally known as the Pine Wood, presumably when pine trees grew in the area. However, most trees were destroyed ... "Trees". Friends of Harmers Wood. Retrieved 16 December 2019. "Home page". Friends of Harmers Wood. Retrieved 9 February 2021. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmers_Wood
Metrosideros polymorphaMetrosideros polymorpha
Cibotium tree ferns), which have long decayed away when the tree has reached maturity. Some trees have fibrous aerial roots to ... In some trees, it is straight and smooth; in others, it is twisted and prominently fluted. Trees growing in forests often have ... also the tree itself [emphasis added]." Thus the Metrosideros polymorpha may be referred to correctly as a lehua tree, or as an ... ʻŌhiʻa trees grow easily on lava, and are usually the first plants to grow on new lava flows. It is a common misconception that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrosideros_polymorpha
Wellingtonia AvenueWellingtonia Avenue
The two rows of trees forming the avenue are spaced 23 metres (75 ft) apart, with trees in each row separated by 16 metres (52 ... "Trees. A Woodland Notebook Containing Observations on Certain British and Exotic Trees". Retrieved 29 December 2013. (CS1 ... "by far the best avenue of this tree that [he had] seen". Similarly, Sir Herbert Maxwell described the trees as being "clothed ... Elwes commented on how the sandy soil suited the trees "remarkably well", and on the symmetry of the trees' tops and their ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellingtonia_Avenue
Eucalyptus patensEucalyptus patens
... is a tree that may grow to a height of 45 m (148 ft) with a dbh of 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) but is a smaller tree ... Trees of Australia, Trees of Mediterranean climate, Plants described in 1867, Taxa named by George Bentham, Endemic flora of ... The tree produces a large amount of pollen and flowers before marri, a major source of nectar, so this can be used to increase ... Insects are also likely to be diverse and numerous on the foliage, due to the rich soil fertility and associated trees in its ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_patens
Old Man WillowOld Man Willow
... the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil in Genesis, the Cross, the tree of death in the Gospels, and the Tree of Life in ... Old Man Willow is a malign tree-spirit of great age in Tom Bombadil's Old Forest, appearing physically as a large willow tree ... They were saved by the arrival of Tom Bombadil who 'sang' to the ancient tree to release Merry and Pippin. The tree then ... "a tree and a spirit, a 'non-incarnate mind'" which is "imprisoned" in an individual tree. She comments that Tolkien solved the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Man_Willow
Copper CanyonCopper Canyon
Amapa (Tabebuia chrysantha) trees yield highly prized lumber for building and furniture making. Other trees are also cut and ... From 1,200-2,400 metres (4,000-8,000 ft), oak trees grow in the huge forests as well as the more shade-tolerant types of trees ... Brushwood and scrubby trees grow on the canyon slopes, which can accommodate the dry season. Huge fig (Ficus spp.) and palm ... Agriculture and grazing as well as the cutting of hardwoods and other trees for firewood has accelerated a soil erosion problem ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_Canyon
Benang: From the HeartBenang: From the Heart
Page 26/28) There were a couple of family trees inscribed on the flyleaf. Trees? Father, they were sharply roll diagrams. My ... Following branches of my family tree, I discovered a series of white men who-because they married Nyoongar woman and claimed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benang:_From_the_Heart
Bowne ParkBowne Park
The central section of the park is mostly composed of old-growth forest, mainly oak trees dating to at least the late 19th or ... trees". New York Post. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2020. La Guerre, Liam (July 7, 2014 ... After a hurricane in 1968 felled over fifty trees in the park, several neighborhood groups approved a $500,000 renovation for ... Furthermore, in August 2011, two 200-year-old trees in Bowne Park were knocked down during Hurricane Irene. Borough officials ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowne_Park
EudicotsEudicots
Most leafy trees of midlatitudes also belong to eudicots, with notable exceptions being magnolias and tulip trees which belong ... "Eudicots" at the Encyclopedia of Life Eudicots, Tree of Life Web Project Dicots Archived 2015-02-24 at the Wayback Machine ... Numerous familiar plants are eudicots, including many common food plants, trees, and ornamentals. Some common and familiar ... Based on: Stevens, P.F. (2001-2014). "Trees". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2014-11-17. Stevens, P.F. (2001-2016). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudicots
Picea likiangensisPicea likiangensis
Trees of China, Trees of Bhutan, Vulnerable flora of Asia, Plants described in 1899, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, Taxa ... Trees. 21 (4): 457-464. doi:10.1007/s00468-007-0138-y. S2CID 25583722. v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picea_likiangensis
Ulmus NanguenUlmus 'Nanguen'
The ultimate size and shape of this cultivar remain unknown but, given its ancestry, it should make a large tree. The trees ... F P Matthews 'Trees for Life' Ulmus LUTECE ('Nanguen'), Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire, UK. Potted trees, not grafted, ... Two small trees imported in 2010. Europe Batouwe Boomkwekerijen B.V. Batouwe boomkwekerijen BV, Dodewaard, Netherlands. Potted ... Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen (:Elm, a tree with character of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulmus_'Nanguen'
Fabrice HybertFabrice Hybert
Sowing trees in his Vendée valley, he devotes part of his work to researching ecosystems in several parts of the world. The ... Wishing to create a green setting around the monument, Fabrice Hyber deploys a belt of a hundred birch trees in opposition to ... At the same time, he continues a process launched around 1990 by sowing trees in his childhood valley. Developing his ... from the double molding of a three-hundred-years-old tree from its Vendée valley. Officer in the French Order of Arts and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrice_Hybert
Andreas FeiningerAndreas Feininger
Trees. New York: Viking Press, 1968. London: Thames & Hudson, 1968. Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1978. ISBN 0-14-004747-6. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Feininger
Cronartium quercuumCronartium quercuum
Similar to pine-pine gall rust, this disease is found on pine trees but its second host is an oak tree rather than another pine ... Prune out galls to reduce spreading of spores to nearby pine or oak trees. Prune galls from pine branches in the late winter or ... Cronartium quercuum, also known as pine-oak gall rust is a fungal disease of pine (Pinus spp.) and oak (Quercus spp.) trees. ... The pathogen requires pine and oak trees to complete its life cycle. Aecial hosts in North America are two- and three-needled ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronartium_quercuum
El Drago MilenarioEl Drago Milenario
It is the largest and oldest living specimen of Dracaena draco (common name dragon tree). It is in Parque del Drago, Icod de ... While the Parque del Drago which contains the tree charges for entry, it is visible for free from the nearby town square. The ... In 1993 the road that passed within a few metres of the tree was rerouted. Since 2002 it has been considered for submission to ... Alexander von Humboldt estimated a similar tree on the island (that fell in a storm in 1867) to be several thousand years old, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Drago_Milenario
Hyde Park, LondonHyde Park, London
During the late 20th century, over 9,000 elm trees in Hyde Park were killed by Dutch elm disease. This included many trees ... A scheme is available to adopt trees in the park, which helps fund their upkeep and maintenance. A botanical curiosity is the ... "Trees". Royal Parks. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2017. "Hyde Park". GardenVisit.com. ... weeping beech, which is known as "the upside-down tree". A rose garden, designed by Colvin & Moggridge Landscape Architects, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London
Photosynthesis systemPhotosynthesis system
Their research suggests that fog may help the leaves retain water and enable the trees to fix more carbon during active growth ... This research showed that isoprene emissions from oil palm tree are under strong circadian control. The ecophysiological ... from The University of Putra Malaysia and The University of Edinburgh investigated the relative effects of tree age and tree ... changes in physiological characteristics and chemical composition of Acer pseudoplatanus and Fraxinus excelsior trees". Tree ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis_system
Pistacia atlanticaPistacia atlantica
Atlas mastic tree, Atlas pistachio, Atlantic pistacio, Atlantic terebinth, Cyprus turpentine tree, and Persian turpentine tree ... Old trees may have trunks measuring 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in diameter; it may take 200 years for a tree to reach 1 m (3 ft 3 in) wide ... The tree is dioecious with male and female trees producing different types of flowers. Both types are small and greenish and ... Monoecious and hermaphrodite trees have been seen, but are unusual. The oblong, fleshy, oily fruit borne by the female tree is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistacia_atlantica
MangroveMangrove
Though the trees themselves are few in species, the ecosystem that these trees create provides a home (habitat) for a great ... to refer to all trees and large shrubs in a mangrove swamp; and narrowly to refer only to mangrove trees of the genus ... A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal ... Knee and ribbon types may be combined with buttress roots at the base of the tree. The roots also contain wide aerenchyma to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove
Sadhana ForestSadhana Forest
... aims to plant indigenous tree species in zones that have been devastated by deforestation, which is commonly a ... All three Sadhana Forest locations focus on three main development and conservation projects: water, trees, and people. While ... "Trees". Retrieved 17 October 2015. WWF. "Deforestation". WorldWildlife. Retrieved 20 October 2015. "Climate Change - Threats ... play games and plant trees. On April 8, 2010, Sadhana Forest Haiti was started in the community of Anse-à-pitres in the south- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhana_Forest
Ailanthus altissimaAilanthus altissima
Trees of China, Trees of Korea, Trees of Taiwan, Trees of Asia, Dioecious plants, Flora of Guangxi, Garden plants of Asia, ... The tree of heaven is a very rapidly growing tree, possibly the fastest growing tree in North America. Growth of one to two ... Older trees, while growing much slower, still do so faster than other trees. Studies found that Californian trees grew faster ... The tree was first brought from China to Europe in the 1740s and to the United States in 1784. It was one of the first trees ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailanthus_altissima
PectinPectin
Trees. 18 (6): 669-676. doi:10.1007/s00468-004-0349-4. S2CID 37031814. Huang, Z.; Boubriak, I.; Osborne, D. J.; Dong, M.; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectin
Nagaos theoremNagao's theorem
There exists a graph of groups (G,T) where T is a tree with at most one non-terminal vertex, such that GL2(R) is isomorphic to ... Serre, Jean-Pierre (2003). Trees. Springer. ISBN 3-540-44237-5. (Orphaned articles from August 2017, All orphaned articles, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagao's_theorem
Charlton HouseCharlton House
trees. One of the spaces includes an Amnesty International Peace Garden with planting also designed by Fisher Tomlin. The house ... Behind the orangery is a mulberry tree said to be the oldest of its species (Morus nigra) in the country, and has been afforded ... The Charlton House Mulberry, Trees for Cities (Archived page). Accessed: 21 August 2018. Joan Thirsk,Food in Early Modern ... Great Tree of London status. It is thought to have been planted in 1608 at the order of James I. Giacomo Castelvetro, an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlton_House
SabiaceaeSabiaceae
Trees. 2 stamens, opposed to internal petals, the other 3 reduced to squamiform staminodes. Flowers normally in terminal or ... Trees, climbing shrubs or woody vines, evergreen, rarely deciduous, glabrous or pubescent, rarely spiny. Indumentum of simple ... The genus Sabia often are lianas, while those in the genera Meliosma and Ophiocaryon are trees and shrubs; the latter two are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabiaceae
IgapóIgapó
One of the tree species mostly found in freshwater swamp forests are legume trees, in which most swamp forests have high single ... sparse measurements of trees can reach 33-36 m. Tree composition includes a varied mixture of leaf types and seasonality. ... it is common to observe only a few dominant tree species Distribution of trees and other plants is highly dependent on ... The trees in the igapó bloom once the inundation season begins. They do this so they can drop their fruit into the water to be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igapó
Cook Park, OrangeCook Park, Orange
Also a big tree/ redwood (Sequoiadendron giganteum). This tree is one of the earliest in Cook Park. Lawns and flower beds, and ... The park has over 200 trees, many in over-mature condition. Storms have led to damage and loss of over-mature trees, for ... A feature was unmatched pairs of trees on path crossing points. Today the park has over 200 trees, 20 beds of annual flowers ... redwood or big tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum) - one of the oldest trees in the park; holly (Ilex aquifolium); stone pine ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook_Park,_Orange
Old ForestOld Forest
The evil tree has puzzled critics, as it does not fit with Tolkien's image as an environmentalist "tree-hugger"; others have ... They felt that the trees of the Old Forest were in some manner 'awake', and were hostile. The trees swayed when there was no ... Tom warns you that the lilies are guarded by the ancient tree known as Old Man Willow. Some say that this venerable tree and ... Old Man Willow is a malign tree-spirit of great age in Tom Bombadil's Old Forest, appearing physically as a large willow tree ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Forest
Environmentalism in The Lord of the RingsEnvironmentalism in The Lord of the Rings
I wonder what he has done? ... Down on the borders they are felling trees - good trees. Some of the trees they just cut down ... "accursed tree-slayer". Kocher notes that Treebeard says that Ents have a far closer sympathy for trees than shepherds do for ... However, Tolkien's love of trees and unspoilt nature is apparent throughout the novel. J. R. R. Tolkien was brought up as a boy ... Tolkien noted in a letter that he had created walking tree-creatures [Ents and Huorns] partly in response to his "bitter ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmentalism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings
Tree-Nation - The worldwide platform to plant trees.Tree-Nation - The worldwide platform to plant trees.
Tree-Nation is the platform to reforest the world and fight climate change. Plant trees and offset your CO2 emissions! ... Tree certificate. Our digital trees serve as modern-day certificates for the trees we plant for you. Each tree on the ground ... Tree-Gift sending. On all occasions, trees make beautiful gifts. Tree-Nation delivers your customized Tree-Gifts via email or ... Connect your company to the internet of trees. For every business action, we create an equal tree-planting reaction. ...
https://tree-nation.com/
Picture Tree InternationalPicture Tree International
Love Thing, Starring Elyas MBarek, Picked Up By Picture Tree Intl., Soul of a Beast Debuts Trailer (EXCLUSIVE) ... Picture Tree International Picks Up Danish Comedy Drama Persona Non Grata (EXCLUSIVE) ... Picture Tree International Scores Global Rights to Mexican Social Comedy Domingo (EXCLUSIVE) ... Iranian Genre Crossover Film Without Her Acquired By Picture Tree Intl., Debuts Trailer (EXCLUSIVE) ...
https://variety.com/t/picture-tree-international/
One Tree Planted | Tree Planting Non-Profit: One Dollar, One TreeOne Tree Planted | Tree Planting Non-Profit: One Dollar, One Tree
3 environmental non-profit tree planting charity that plant trees in countries around the world. One dollar plants one tree. ... One Tree Planted is a non-profit 501(c) ... One Tree Planted is a 501(c)3 tax-exempt organization and your ... We work with amazing reforestation partners around the world that need your support to help get trees in the ground. ... 2022 One Tree Planted. This store is PCI Compliant. ... Become a Tree Ambassador and support our global reforestation ...
https://onetreeplanted.org/
Trees of Canada - Tree CanadaTrees of Canada - Tree Canada
What is a conifer tree vs. a deciduous tree?. All trees in Canada can be distinguished as being a conifer or deciduous tree. ... Deciduous trees are often called broadleaf trees because most shed their leaves in autumn. Deciduous trees are also known as ... What is a tree?. Although most people are sure they can recognize them, a tree is defined as a woody, perennial plant that ... Trees of Canada. This resource allows you to explore the trees that grow in Canada ...
https://treecanada.ca/resources/trees-of-canada/
planting treesplanting trees
Trees are natures lungs. While we enjoy their beauty, shade and fruits of their existence, they are silently... ... How many trees are needed to offset a citys carbon emissions?. *Dawn Hammon ... Trump Forest plants trees to offset the presidents climate ignorance. *Lacy Cooke ... Meet the 105-year-old Indian woman who planted 300 trees because she couldnt have children. *Lacy Cooke ...
https://inhabitat.com/tag/planting-trees/
Singapores Biometric TreesSingapore's Biometric Trees
How were the super trees made? Each tree has a concrete core, a steel trunk fitted with planting panels and a canopy at the top ... Some of these super trees contain photovoltaic cells which bring in solar energy so the trees can light up at night.. ... The trees will also generate solar power, collect rainwater and cool the buildings in the area. There will even be an aerial ... The trees will be lit in various colors, from vibrant reds, browns and oranges to a cooler silver and pink scheme.. ...
https://www.businessinsider.com/singapores-biometric-trees-2012-6?op=1
Freedom of the trees - CSMonitor.comFreedom of the trees - CSMonitor.com
First Look Can money really grow on trees? * First Look Earth has lost half its forests since dawn of civilization, study finds ... Peking has ordered every able-bodied Chinese of 11 and older to plant three to five trees each year. Over three billion - ... Meanwhile, in a part of Providence, Rhode Island, citizens resisted the planting of a mere 250 trees by the city forester. He ... First Look Earths tree cover dwindles: Whats being done to restore our forests? ...
https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0511/051111.html
Planting Pesticide treated treesPlanting Pesticide treated trees
... Introduction. Planting trees is hard work - and made harder by the fact that we plant them in ... Trees planted for forestry may be pre-treated with a pesticide product to protect the young saplings against attack by the pine ... 4. Planting Pesticide-Treated Trees. *Always open plant storage bags on the site to ventilate for at least one hour before ... This article highlights some of the most important information that needs to be considered when planting treated trees. ...
https://www.hse.gov.uk/treework/articles/planting-pesticide-treated-trees.htm
Timber! Why the rich are buying treesTimber! Why the rich are buying trees
Older trees closer to harvest typically cost more than younger ones that still have a ways to go before theyre ready to be ... While its true that younger trees dont necessarily provide direct income, he said that owners will often cover expenses by ... and log plots of trees for the firms well-healed clients. ... Timber! Why the rich are buying trees. #ad_ns_atf_01 { float: ...
https://money.cnn.com/2014/11/24/investing/wealthy-timber-land-investing/
Listen to these Beltline treesListen to these Beltline trees
The Lorax doesnt need to speak for these trees. They can speak for themselves.Lining the east section of the Beltline, near ... Like the Nashville and Knoxville trees, the Beltline trees direct visitors to recordings by such musicians as Reba McEntire, ... This broadcast tells the story of the Tennessee trees.. In one video you can see bluegrass musician Tim OBrien sawing away (at ... South Georgia tree farmer (and Rolling Stones pianist) Chuck Leavell tells the story of the longleaf pine. ...
https://www.ajc.com/news/listen-these-beltline-trees/XW0v25PUe1CeqrJ6iAIYPL/
Mint Chocolate TreesMint Chocolate Trees
This recipe makes 72 mini tree cookies complete with a pecan tree trunk. ... Need to feed a crowd? This recipe makes 72 mini tree cookies complete with a pecan tree trunk.. By BHG Test Kitchen. BHG Test ... Press a pecan half into the bottom edge of each triangle slice as a tree trunk. Bake for 6 to 8 minutes or until tops are set. ...
https://www.bhg.com/recipe/mint-chocolate-trees/
How to Grow Persimmon Trees from SeedHow to Grow Persimmon Trees from Seed
... you can grow persimmon trees from seed by following these steps. ... Check your trees periodically to make sure they are getting ... When I was younger, my grandparents had persimmon trees growing in their small orchard. I rarely noticed these trees or paid ... Bearing smaller, astringent fruits on large trees up to 65 feet tall, these trees require plenty of room. However, what they ... Steps to Grow Persimmon Trees from Seeds. Persimmons are typically available as small, grafted trees to produce specific ...
https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/grow-persimmon-trees-seed-184132712.html
Are Europes ash trees finished? | New ScientistAre Europe's ash trees finished? | New Scientist
A fungus that kills ash trees has reached the UK. New Scientist investigates where it came from and what can be done to stop it ... Whats the best hope for UK trees?. Earlier this week, the UK government banned any further imports of ash trees. It also ... Just how many ash trees have been killed?. Although there are no official figures, ash trees have effectively been wiped out in ... Ultimately the fungus spreads into the trees trunk. As it spreads, the fungus chokes off all water channels in the tree, so in ...
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn22449-are-europes-ash-trees-finished/
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (novel) - WikipediaA Tree Grows in Brooklyn (novel) - Wikipedia
Will and Grace, Series 1, Episode 2. Will notices a tree outside Graces new apartment in Brooklyn. Grace - "See, trees really ... "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1974)". BFI. Retrieved 14 August 2020.. *^ N.P.R. Staff. "WWII By The Books: The Pocket-Size Editions ... The protagonist in Jeannette Walls 2005 memoir The Glass Castle makes reference to growing up reading A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ... In season 1, episode 17 of I Love Lucy, Lucy schemes to get her husband, Ricky, into a play she wrote called "A Tree Grows in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Tree_Grows_in_Brooklyn_
Trees Archives - Sightline InstituteTrees Archives - Sightline Institute
Tag: Trees Trees articles. * No, Seattles Growth Boom Is Not a Tree Apocalypse. Yes, Seattle and Cascadias other cities can ...
https://www.sightline.org/tag/trees/
13 of Europes Most Fascinating Trees13 of Europe's Most Fascinating Trees
The winning trees from 13 countries are now vying for the big prize: European Tree of the Year 2018. ... Slovakia: The Persevering Apple Tree credit: Martin Babarik Species: Apple tree (Malus domestica, borkh.) Age: 120 years Region ... credit: Tree of the Year Species: Oriental plane tree (Platanus orientalis L.) Age: Over 500 years Region: City of Dubrovnik, ... The trees nominators say that the trees have an important place in the history of forestry, adding, "Many people from the ...
https://www.treehugger.com/european-trees-fascinating-stories-4859170
Decision trees | Machine Learning | Google DevelopersDecision trees | Machine Learning | Google Developers
A decision tree is a model composed of a collection of questions organized hierarchically in the shape of a tree. The ... Botanical trees generally grow with the root at the bottom; however, decision trees are usually represented with the root (the ... Figure 1. A simple classification decision tree. The legend in green is not part of the decision tree. ... Decision trees. Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences. ...
https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/decision-forests/decision-trees
10ft christmas trees and over10ft christmas trees and over
... including 12ft and 10ft Christmas trees. Buy now for curbside pickup, same day delivery, or free shipping over $59! ... pre-lit feel real® downswept douglas fir pencil artificial christmas tree, dual color® led lights ... pre-lit dunhill® fir hinged full artificial christmas tree, lv dual color led lights ... pre-lit feel real® downswept douglas fir full artificial christmas tree, clear lights ...
https://www.michaels.com/shop-by-christmas-tree-size/10ft-christmas-trees-and-over/946809139
trees Archives - Earth Day
Want to beat the heat? Plant a tree. Trees can combat heat waves and even fight global warming. ... 5 reasons we need trees for a healthy planet. Imagine our Earth with double the amount of trees. ... You cut a tree, you grow a tree, right? Unfortunately, its not that simple. ... Concrete Jungles: The Critical Role of Tree Cover in Public Health. Its no secret global temperatures are rising and that the ...
https://www.earthday.org/tag/trees/
Wacky Christmas Trees - BeliefnetWacky Christmas Trees - Beliefnet
We have trees that are hanging from the ceiling, on the side, built out of lobster traps and more! ... You have never seen trees like this before. ... Wacky Christmas Trees. You have never seen trees like this ... Wacky Christmas Trees. You have never seen trees like this before. We have trees that are hanging from the ceiling, on the side ... We have trees that are hanging from the ceiling, on the side, built out of lobster traps and more!. Beliefnet ...
https://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/galleries/wacky-christmas-trees.aspx
Canopy TreE-NEWS
Tree Walk this Saturday:. Canopys free Tree Walks provide informative, guided tours of the trees in our neighborhoods. John ... Give a Tree Gift. Tree Library. Tree Care. How to Hire an Arborist. Arborist List. ... Jones was astonished by the number of trees. There are more than 36,000 street trees in Palo Alto, and each tree will get three ... Under trees and within trees we feel better about life and about each other. Our hearts beat slower. We dont race quite as ...
http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs032/1101960549697/archive/1103469645857.html
11. Linux* Device Tree Generator11. Linux* Device Tree Generator
The Linux* Device Tree Generator (DTG) tool is part of SoC EDS and is used to create Linux* device trees for the Cyclone® V SoC ... Linux* Device Tree Generator. A device tree is a data structure that describes the underlying hardware to an operating system ... Instead, Intel® recommends that you manage the Device Tree manually by using the Device Tree files provided by the kernel as a ... The Intel® Arria® 10 SoC Bootloader also has an associated Device Tree called Bootloader Device Tree that is created and ...
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/programmable/683187/20-1/linux-device-tree-generator.html
Bugs : tree package : UbuntuBugs : tree package : Ubuntu
"tree" versions published in Ubuntu Lunar (2.1.0-1): universe/utils Kinetic (2.0.3-1): universe/utils Jammy (2.0.2-1): universe/ ...
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/tree
Traditional Tree Gingerbread CutoutsTraditional Tree Gingerbread Cutouts
Use green-tinted Royal Icing to frost gingerbread tree cutouts and top with twinkling white pearl candies and a yellow candy- ... Using a 3-1/2- to 4-inch tree-shape cookie cutter, cut out dough. Place cutouts 1 inch apart on the prepared cookie sheet. ... Use green-tinted Royal Icing to frost gingerbread tree cutouts and top with twinkling white pearl candies and a yellow candy- ... Decorate branches as desired with white pearl candies; place a yellow candy-coated chocolate piece at top of each tree. ...
https://www.bhg.com/recipe/traditional-tree-gingerbread-cutouts/?utm_source=emailshare&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=shareurlbuttons
Trees - WikiquoteTrees - Wikiquote
You also might notice that there are more little trees than big trees, and so not every little tree grows up to be a big tree ... Perhaps you see big trees and little trees and think that big trees are older than little trees. ... I speak for the trees. I speak for the trees, for the trees have no tongues. And Im asking you, sir, at the top of my lungs" * ... A tree as lovely as a man.. * * * *. A tree depicts divinest plan,. But God himself lives in a man. *Joyce Kilmer, Trees. ...
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Trees
OIICS Code Trees
Click on any of the search results and the OIICS tree will expand to show the match. ...
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/wisards/oiics/Trees/MultiTree.aspx?TreeType=BodyPart
Plant These Trees for an Aromatic GardenPlant These Trees for an Aromatic Garden
Plant lemon trees for fruit and fresh scents. Another aromatic fruit-bearing tree is the lemon tree. While the lemon tree does ... Lemon trees love light and lots of water, but make sure the soil has good. drainage and acidity for the tree to grow healthy ... Grade-A Tree Care reported on the U.S. Forest Service findings that "one tree can clean about 330 pounds of carbon dioxide from ... But certain trees can also offer up a sweet-smelling fragrance, in addition to their. other benefits. Here are some trees you ...
https://lifehacker.com/plant-these-trees-for-an-aromatic-garden-1847555956
Intro to Trees of Indiana: Black LocustIntro to Trees of Indiana: Black Locust
... www.purdue.edu/fnr/extension/intro-to-trees-of-indiana-black-locust/ September 26, 2022 Strengthening lives and livelihoods. ... Intro to Trees of Indiana: Bur Oak. Posted: November 21, 2022 in Forestry, Forests and Street Trees, How To, Urban Forestry, ... Intro to Trees of Indiana: Chestnut Oak. Posted: in Forestry, Forests and Street Trees, How To, Urban Forestry, Woodlands ... Intro to Trees of Indiana: Swamp White Oak. Posted: December 1, 2022 in Forestry, Forests and Street Trees, How To, Urban ...
https://www.purdue.edu/fnr/extension/intro-to-trees-of-indiana-black-locust/
Types of Long-Needle Evergreen Trees | eHowTypes of Long-Needle Evergreen Trees | eHow
Pine trees, by contrast, often sport relatively long needles that give their boughs a woolly, ragged appearance. ... Pine trees, by contrast, often sport relatively long needles that give their boughs a woolly, ragged appearance. These striking ...
https://www.ehow.com/info_7915189_types-longneedle-evergreen-trees.html
Family Tree Maker: Transferring Trees | Ancestry CorporateFamily Tree Maker: Transferring Trees | Ancestry Corporate
Your tree opens in Family Tree Maker. Notice that your media items are saved in the same folder where you just saved your new ... If you do this you will be able to access your tree, but Family Tree Maker wont be able link to your media items, and you will ... If you want a new name to distinguish this backup file from your original tree, enter a new name for the tree in the Backup ... Note: These steps work for Family Tree Maker 2008 and 2009. The first step is to make a backup copy of your tree on your old ...
https://www.ancestry.com/corporate/blog/family-tree-maker-transferring-trees/
Planting2022Species2021ShrubsWorld's oldest treesBark201920182020Qualifier hierarchical treePlantsChristmas TreesDeciduous treeBranchesForestsSaplingsTrunksPollenNewly planted treesPecanPacific NorthwestSearchGrowForestryTrunkSeedlingsGrowsWildlifeGrassesPlantingsPlant TreesLeavesReforestationCurb AppealYearNature'sTallSeedsFraxinusPersimmonLife expectancyArtificial treesMainCOMMUNITIES100,000MakeCollectRoots1982JoshuaDefinesPine-treeShade-treeBlack walnutZonesLimbsEdibleDecision treeDecorationsClimate change
Planting24
  • Planting trees has been recognized by the scientific community as a vital pillar to tackle climate change. (tree-nation.com)
  • For every business action, we create an equal tree-planting reaction. (tree-nation.com)
  • Meanwhile, in a part of Providence, Rhode Island, citizens resisted the planting of a mere 250 trees by the city forester. (csmonitor.com)
  • The area was chosen because it was vital for city staff to understand how successful these tree plantings were and what further planting efforts were needed. (esri.com)
  • Each tree has a concrete core, a steel trunk fitted with planting panels and a canopy at the top lifted by a hydraulic jack system. (businessinsider.com)
  • Planting trees is hard work - and made harder by the fact that we plant them in the months when it would be much more comfortable to be sitting in a nice warm cab or office somewhere. (hse.gov.uk)
  • This article highlights some of the most important information that needs to be considered when planting treated trees. (hse.gov.uk)
  • Thinking of planting trees or shrubs near our ground-mounted pedestals? (saskpower.com)
  • Here are some trees you might consider planting, depending on the type of aromas you like. (lifehacker.com)
  • Planting a Million Trees with Dave Matthews A million more trees equals cleaner air, a cooler planet, a more stable climate and a healthy habitat for many species of plants and animals. (nature.org)
  • We are planting trees to help create more freshwater for people to drink. (nature.org)
  • These instructions are for planting containerized trees. (arborday.org)
  • Avoid planting the tree too deep. (arborday.org)
  • Planting a Different Kind of Tree? (arborday.org)
  • The project will get under way on August 31, with an official launch and symbolic tree planting at the Amity Hall Agro Park in St. Catherine. (jamaica-gleaner.com)
  • The move will also contribute to the National Tree Planting Initiative launched in 2019 by Prime Minister, Andrew Holness, with a target of three million trees in three years. (jamaica-gleaner.com)
  • Chief Executive Officer of the entity, Dr. Al Powell, said that "the objective is to pay tribute to the 60th anniversary of our country's Independence as well as to support the National Tree Planting initiative. (jamaica-gleaner.com)
  • Conservator of Forests and CEO of the Forestry Department, Ainsley Henry, added that the "tree planting is about investing in our future. (jamaica-gleaner.com)
  • But the national afforestation programme hasn't had the desired effect lately and tree planting in Ireland has more than halved in the last two decades to just 4,025 hectares in 2018 (p.28) - half of what we need to be planting. (rte.ie)
  • Put on your rubber boots, grab the shovel and let's start planting some trees. (tree-nation.com)
  • You are about to enter the marvelous journey of tree planting across the world. (tree-nation.com)
  • Kampala, 19th April 2022: - The Ministry of Health, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Tree Adoption Uganda (TAU), joined hands to commemorate World Health Day in a tree-planting exercise, in line with the day's theme, "Our Planet, Our Health" . (who.int)
  • The tree-planting activity took place at the Ministry of Health headquarters and other selected health facilities in Kampala and Wakiso districts. (who.int)
  • A health hazard evaluation determination performed at the Klamath Reforestation tree farm (SIC-0821) facility revealed that the Thiram levels in the breathing zone air levels of tree planters, during the actual planting of Thiram treated trees were lower than the levels prescribed by the prevailing standards. (cdc.gov)
20227
  • The Dave Matthews Band 2022 Tour has committed to help plant an additional one million trees with The Nature Conservancy's Plant a Billion Trees program, a global forest restoration effort, having fully funded two million trees in 2020 & 2021 despite tour rescheduling. (nature.org)
  • Dave Matthews Band fans will have the opportunity to support the effort and contribute $2 to plant a tree per ticket when purchasing tickets for the 2022 Tour through Ticketmaster or Warehouse, The Official Dave Matthews Band Fan Association or donate to plant your trees here . (nature.org)
  • As of March 2022, more than a million trees have been planted/distributed in support of that initiative, said the AIC. (jamaica-gleaner.com)
  • Our Christmas Tree Lot is back for the 2022 Season! (google.com)
  • Attending the annual tree lighting ceremony , held on December 3, 2022, taking photos with the tree and visiting Downtown Chandler to bask in the glow of its lights, there are many local holiday traditions that include the beloved tree as the centerpiece. (chandleraz.gov)
  • The Tumbleweed Tree will be lit nightly from December 3, 2022-January 2, 2023. (chandleraz.gov)
  • Dr Elisabete Weiderpass, Director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), planted a tree in the central garden of the new IARC headquarters, the Nouveau Centre building, during a ceremony on 2 February 2022 to mark World Cancer Day, which is observed on 4 February every year. (who.int)
Species16
  • The database included descriptive attribute information for each tree, such as species, dimensions, condition, and a minimum of one leaf or bark photo and one tree form photo. (esri.com)
  • As part of the inventory, the team compiled and analyzed species composition data, with the first phase showing dense populations of crape myrtles, sugar hackberries, and pecan trees. (esri.com)
  • A tree is surveyed for its species, dimensions and condition. (esri.com)
  • Adult females typically lay eggs on dying or recently cut trees while a few species seek out healthy trees. (gardenguides.com)
  • Persimmons are typically available as small, grafted trees to produce specific cultivar characteristics, but persimmon seeds of any species can be grown too. (yahoo.com)
  • the tree species, in fact,it needs and evolves to fight the moose, to keep the animal's munching lips away from vulnerable young leaves and twigs. (wikiquote.org)
  • The important thing to mention is that they are invasive species, so you will need to monitor their growth and remove " suckers " or shoots that grow at the bottom of the tree to keep it contained. (lifehacker.com)
  • The classic and trusted book "Fifty Common Trees of Indiana" by T.E. Shaw was published in 1956 as a user-friendly guide to local species. (purdue.edu)
  • Each week, the Intro to Trees of Indiana web series will offer a sneak peek at one species from the book, paired with an ID That Tree video from Purdue Extension forester Lenny Farlee to help visualize each species as it stands in the woods. (purdue.edu)
  • A million more trees equals cleaner air, a cooler planet, a more stable climate and a healthy habitat for many species of plants and animals. (nature.org)
  • There is only one tree species with poisonous thorns, the black locust, that is native to North America.Though there are many toxic plants and many more plants with thorns, very few plants combine the two features. (reference.com)
  • Meanwhile, the California Fish and Game Commission is deciding whether the western Joshua tree, which faces an existential threat from climate change, should be listed under the California Endangered Species Act. (yahoo.com)
  • Learn to paint better trees by recognizing and capturing the differences in the trunks, branches and canopies of a variety of species. (craftsy.com)
  • The orders of Fagales including the families Betulaceae, Corylaceae and Fagaceae, the order of Lamiales including the family Oleaceae, and the order of Coniferales with the family Cupressaceae comprise the clinically most relevant allergy-eliciting tree species. (medscape.com)
  • The first described allergen of this family was Bet v 1 from birch and homologous allergenic proteins were found in pollen of related tree species. (medscape.com)
  • Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae), a typical and economically important Brazilian Cerrado tree species, and its several arthropods are adequate to evaluate a new index. (bvsalud.org)
20211
  • Having fully funded 2 million trees in between 2020-2021, Dave Matthews Band has committed to help plant an additional one million with TNC. (nature.org)
Shrubs3
  • The line which divides trees from shrubs is largely arbitrary, and dependent upon habit rather than size, the tree having a single trunk usually unbranched for some distance above the ground, while a shrub has usually several stems from the same root and each without a proper trunk. (etymonline.com)
  • Leave two to three metres on all sides free of trees and shrubs. (saskpower.com)
  • Plants with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs. (who.int)
World's oldest trees2
  • On April 26, 2019, National Geographic published photos by Beth Moon on nationalgeographic.com depicting the world's oldest trees against the night sky. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • At the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, where some of the the world's oldest trees live, scientists are concerned about a possible infestation of bark beetle. (yahoo.com)
Bark6
  • They bore into the bark of conifer trees and create egg-laying channels. (gardenguides.com)
  • Rust-colored dust patches on the bark near entrance holes, along with discolored leaves at the top of the tree, indicate a bark beetle problem. (gardenguides.com)
  • Every part of the tree can be harvested, from the bark to the twigs, flowers, leaves, and sap. (lifehacker.com)
  • These hardy trees, sap bark, and other elements create syrups like maple and oils for aromatherapy. (lifehacker.com)
  • Warmer temperatures and drought have put stress on the trees and made them vulnerable to bark beetles. (yahoo.com)
  • So far, Methuselah, a 4,853-year-old bristlecone pine that may be the oldest living tree on Earth, has remained free of bark beetles, Times reporter Louis Sahagun wrote last month . (yahoo.com)
20191
  • Lynn Sweet, left, associate specialist researcher with UC Riverside, and Earth Watch volunteer Helga Watkins conduct a survey of dead trees in 2019 at Joshua Tree National Park. (yahoo.com)
20181
  • The fresh-cut tree industry in 2018 launched a social media campaign called "It's Christmas. (clickondetroit.com)
20201
  • Josh and Jessica Ferrara shop for Christmas trees with son Jayce, 1 year and Jade, 3 years, at Sunnyview Christmas Tree farm on Saturday, Nov. 21, 2020 in Salem, Ore. It's early in the season, but both wholesale tree farmers and small cut-your-own lots are reporting strong demand, with many opening well before Thanksgiving. (clickondetroit.com)
Qualifier hierarchical tree1
  • See also the qualifier hierarchical tree . (bvsalud.org)
Plants6
  • ie when so many other plants/trees in the garden are struggling for lack of rain/water, this tree has obviously found a source of such! (andalucia.com)
  • The earth brought forth vegetation, plants yielding seed according to their own kinds, and trees bearing fruit in which is their seed, according to its kind. (wikiquote.org)
  • Trees are plants with elongated stems, or trunks, supporting leaves or branches. (wikiquote.org)
  • He who saves an ancient tree does better even than he who plants a new one. (wikiquote.org)
  • And tree wall art and art prints are popular home decor items because of the strong associations people have with these ubiquitous plants. (adobe.com)
  • But if you're one of the many people who suffer from seasonal allergies, those pretty trees and plants may make you feel worse, not better. (medlineplus.gov)
Christmas Trees2
  • We've never seen the demand like we've had this year," said McKenzie Cook, who ships between 1.8 million and 2 million trees a year combined from McKenzie Farms in Oregon and Happy Holiday Christmas Trees in North Carolina. (clickondetroit.com)
  • Plus, fresh-cut Christmas trees are largely displayed outside, where there's a lower risk of viral spread, said Marsha Gray, executive director of the Christmas Tree Promotion Board. (clickondetroit.com)
Deciduous tree3
  • What is a conifer tree vs. a deciduous tree? (treecanada.ca)
  • All trees in Canada can be distinguished as being a conifer or deciduous tree. (treecanada.ca)
  • The black locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a deciduous tree that can grow to eighty feet in height. (reference.com)
Branches7
  • All religions , arts and sciences are branches of the same tree . (wikiquote.org)
  • University of Wisconsin materials scientists grew these lead-sulfide nano-wires [above] in the shape of pine trees, with a main trunk and branches spiraling around it like a helical staircase. (ieee.org)
  • With their widely wandering branches, oak trees are majestic subjects that look like the symbolic tree of life. (adobe.com)
  • Bright sunlight poking through tree branches will overwhelm your camera's sensor and wash out parts of your photo. (adobe.com)
  • Branches spread to give the tree a strong architectural appearance. (hgtv.com)
  • Take extra care in cutting "spring poles" trees or branches that have been bent, twisted, hung up on, or caught under another object during a high wind. (cdc.gov)
  • The potential risk of injury increases after hurricanes and other natural disasters, when chain saws are widely used to remove fallen or partially fallen trees and tree branches. (cdc.gov)
Forests11
  • Decision forest learning algorithms (like random forests) rely, at least in part, on the learning of decision trees. (google.com)
  • In the next sections, you will learn how decision trees are combined to train decision forests. (google.com)
  • Two photographers, Michael Lange from Germany with his extraordinary "Wald" series and Frenchman Denis Darzacq, also share with us the fascination that trees and forests hold for them whatever the season, with a preference for their ghostly winter shapes. (domaine-chaumont.fr)
  • The American Forests campaign is calling for more trees in Houston, Detroit, Seattle and other urban areas in the US. (theecologist.org)
  • Racism and other forms of discrimination [continue to play] a role in where trees are located, [which] impacts the health and wellbeing of communities along racial and economic lines," said Amelia Rose, executive director of Groundwork Rhode Island (RI), which partners with American Forests. (theecologist.org)
  • American Forests defines tree equity as having enough trees in an area so that everyone can experience the health, climate and economic benefits. (theecologist.org)
  • I asked Jeremy Hoffman, co-author of the redlining study, for his thoughts on American Forests' Tree Equity Scores. (theecologist.org)
  • Earlier this year, American Forests invested in applying the tree equity scoring system within Rhode Island. (theecologist.org)
  • American Forests already has multiple urban forestry initiatives in place that drive equity-focused tree installations across the country. (theecologist.org)
  • American Forests envisions that every lower-income neighbourhood in 100 US cities will have a passing Tree Equity Score by 2030. (theecologist.org)
  • Trees of life : saving tropical forests and their biological wealth / Kenton Miller and Laura Tangley. (who.int)
Saplings4
  • Trees planted for forestry may be pre-treated with a pesticide product to protect the young saplings against attack by the pine weevil. (hse.gov.uk)
  • The outbreaks were traced to trees and seeds imported from countries that are already affected, so the response has remained low-key, although 100,000 nursery trees and saplings have been destroyed. (newscientist.com)
  • On Wednesday, she described the horrors of that day as the guest of honor in a ceremony marking the culmination of a four-year-long campaign in Oregon to plant saplings grown from the seeds of trees that also survived the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. (yahoo.com)
  • A-bombed trees are the symbol of destruction and recovery," Horiguchi says in a video for Green Legacy Hiroshima, which has been sending seeds and saplings of survivor trees to dozens of countries around the world, including Chile, Ireland and Ethiopia. (yahoo.com)
Trunks4
  • The black locust has thorns on the twig where the buds and leaf stems branch off and also on the limbs and trunks of young trees. (purdue.edu)
  • Known for their white trunks, birch trees grow throughout the northern U.S., and are a popular photography subject in the fall. (adobe.com)
  • Peter shows you his process for creating texture and "tree noise"-the feeling of massed trees, grasses and leaves-rather than painting trunks or stalks individually. (craftsy.com)
  • Add layers of thinned color, then use a color shaper to scribble away the paint, using the underlying canvas to create the illusion of tree trunks. (craftsy.com)
Pollen3
  • Most trees produce pollen in the spring. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When Is an Allergic Reaction to Raw Plant Food Due to Tree Pollen? (medscape.com)
  • The guideline from the British Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) focuses on birch tree pollen, the major sensitizing PFS allergen in Northern Europe. (medscape.com)
Newly planted trees2
  • Do not use fertilizer, potting soil, or chemicals on your newly planted trees. (arborday.org)
  • That's 22 million newly planted trees a year and, to the uninitiated, it sounds like a lot. (rte.ie)
Pecan5
  • This recipe makes 72 mini tree cookies complete with a pecan tree trunk. (bhg.com)
  • Press a pecan half into the bottom edge of each triangle slice as a tree trunk. (bhg.com)
  • Nut trees such as almonds, hazelnut, pecan, and walnut are all being touted as heart-friendly. (naturehills.com)
  • Walnut and pecan trees are good shade trees and are attractive trees. (naturehills.com)
  • Lumber from pecan and black walnut trees is highly valued and wood from these trees are used for many construction and tool-making endeavors. (naturehills.com)
Pacific Northwest1
  • A total of 51 trees were planted around this Pacific Northwest state, the densest concentration of Hiroshima peace trees anywhere outside Japan, Gersbach said. (yahoo.com)
Search3
  • Click on any of the search results and the OIICS tree will expand to show the match. (cdc.gov)
  • See Help with Online Code Trees for search examples. (cdc.gov)
  • But on a recent sunny day, COVID-19 seemed far away as she, her husband and their 2-year-old daughter roamed a Christmas tree farm in search of the perfect evergreen for a holiday season unlike any other. (clickondetroit.com)
Grow8
  • The main metaphor of the book is the hardy Tree of Heaven , whose persistent ability to grow and flourish even in the inner city mirrors the protagonist's desire to better herself. (wikipedia.org)
  • Will it grow into a mighty oak tree? (gale.com)
  • Yes, you can grow persimmon trees from seed by following these steps. (yahoo.com)
  • Trees begin blooming in May and will grow to about 30 feet in height. (yahoo.com)
  • You cut a tree, you grow a tree, right? (earthday.org)
  • acidity for the tree to grow healthy roots. (lifehacker.com)
  • The trees grow naturally only in California, on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada. (yahoo.com)
  • These trees can grow up to 30 feet tall, but usually occur in the 8- to 10-foot range with an open form. (hgtv.com)
Forestry9
  • The first step was obtaining comprehensive urban forestry data to better understand the character, composition, and condition of the trees within the public right-of-way. (esri.com)
  • Public Works Urban Forestry staff set out to inventory and analyze these trees in a geospatial format as an asset management tool to visualize and improve decision-making. (esri.com)
  • You don't need permission to carry out work on trees that aren't protected but you'll need a felling licence from the Forestry Commission if you're felling more than 5 cubic metres. (dumgal.gov.uk)
  • The trees' nominators say that the trees have an important place in the history of forestry, adding, "Many people from the region and the country would visit the site to hug the trees and benefit from their energy. (treehugger.com)
  • Nearly 70 years later, the publication has been updated through a joint effort by the Purdue Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Indiana 4-H , and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources , and reintroduced as "An Introduction to Trees of Indiana. (purdue.edu)
  • The 6,000 seedlings, including fruit, timber and ornamental trees, will be provided by the Forestry Department and planted by the AIC team at the agro parks and production zones across the country. (jamaica-gleaner.com)
  • And today, I think it's much more relevant to us as we sit in this room today," said Jim Gersbach, an Oregon Community Trees board member and spokesman for the state forestry department. (yahoo.com)
  • Oregon Community Trees and the forestry department collaborated in finding homes for the trees. (yahoo.com)
  • At the ceremony in Oregon, Tamura Snider, who emigrated to the United States decades ago and lives in Medford, went outside to one of the peace trees, a ginkgo, on the forestry department grounds, with dozens of other people. (yahoo.com)
Trunk2
  • If the root collar sits below the top of the hole, compact some soil under the tree so that the root flare at the base of the trunk is slightly above ground level. (arborday.org)
  • After the water has soaked in, spread protective mulch 2-4 inches deep in a 3-foot diameter area around the base of the tree, but not touching the trunk. (arborday.org)
Seedlings1
  • You are on a good track, at least you know what a shovel is for and you can water the tree seedlings. (tree-nation.com)
Grows7
  • A Tree Grows in Brooklyn is a 1943 semi-autobiographical novel written by Betty Smith . (wikipedia.org)
  • Although most people are sure they can recognize them, a tree is defined as a woody, perennial plant that grows to a height of at least 4.5 metres. (treecanada.ca)
  • The fungus grows on the leaves and leaf stalks as they decay, then produces copious spores in summer which spread to uninfected ash trees, completing the life cycle . (newscientist.com)
  • Canopy is a nonprofit that grows healthy trees and healthy communities in Palo Alto and East Palo Alto. (constantcontact.com)
  • Large luscious berries of sanguine dye, For the best grows highest, always highest, Upon the mulberry-tree. (wikiquote.org)
  • 7. Remove any tags and labels from the tree as these will affect the tree as it grows. (arborday.org)
  • Havana grows, lives, sings, dances and dreams," said Félix Julio Alfonso, a professor who spoke before granting the public access to the revered silk floss tree. (seattletimes.com)
Wildlife7
  • The large and sweet trees attract all kinds of wildlife, from bees to butterflies and hummingbirds. (lifehacker.com)
  • If you have any questions regarding wildlife, trees, forest management, wood products, natural resource planning or other natural resource topics, feel free to contact us by using our Ask an Expert web page. (purdue.edu)
  • It may be one of nature's oddest couples: a tiny wasp that can barely be seen, and a giant fig tree, the sycomore, which shelters a remarkable menagerie of wildlife among its limbs. (pbs.org)
  • I grew up in trees as a kid," says landscape and wildlife photographer Joseph Filer. (adobe.com)
  • Countries must stop burning trees to make energy because it undermines the world's climate and nature goals and destroys valuable wildlife habits, urged 650 scientists in a group letter to world leaders. (cityam.com)
  • But California Department of Fish and Wildlife staff recommended in April that the western Joshua tree not be listed as threatened, saying it is not in serious danger of extinction in the foreseeable future. (yahoo.com)
  • This tree is a perfect choice if you're designing a wildlife garden. (hgtv.com)
Grasses1
  • Create a multitude of trees, grasses and leaves without painting them individually. (craftsy.com)
Plantings1
  • With the new tree grant, community groups will lead tree plantings on public and private lands in neighbourhoods with low Tree Equity Scores. (theecologist.org)
Plant Trees3
Leaves10
  • Deciduous trees are often called broadleaf trees because most shed their leaves in autumn. (treecanada.ca)
  • Part of the problem is that the fungus does not spread from infected trees themselves, but from infected leaves shed in the autumn. (newscientist.com)
  • H. albidus has been growing on the decaying leaves of Europe's ash trees for centuries, so was unlikely to be the culprit. (newscientist.com)
  • Similarly, decision trees can predict numerical values by labeling leaves with regressive predictions (numerical values). (google.com)
  • Observe and see how (in the winter) all the trees seem as though they had withered and shed all their leaves, except fourteen trees, which do not lose their foliage but retain the old foliage from two to three years till the new comes. (wikiquote.org)
  • This tree has compound leaves that are eight to 10 inches long, made up of seven to 17 small rounded leaflets arranged alternately on the twigs. (purdue.edu)
  • Deep evergreen leaves earn this tree a beauty award year-round. (hgtv.com)
  • This tropical fruit makes a great front yard tree, providing plenty of interest from showy spring blooms, to yummy fruits, to striking gray-green leaves. (hgtv.com)
  • You can now tell when the weather will change just by looking at how the wind waves the leaves of your trees. (tree-nation.com)
  • You can walk between trees to pick up leaves, seeds, and roots, to create your own medicine. (tree-nation.com)
Reforestation1
  • We work with amazing reforestation partners around the world that need your support to help get trees in the ground. (onetreeplanted.org)
Curb Appeal1
  • Looking for a tree to provide some curb appeal? (hgtv.com)
Year17
  • Peking has ordered every able-bodied Chinese of 11 and older to plant three to five trees each year. (csmonitor.com)
  • Every year since 2011, the consortium of European eco foundations known as the Environmental Partnership Association has held one of the world's great contests: The European Tree of the Year. (treehugger.com)
  • One tree in particular stands out, the 300-year-old beauty that has conquered "crustal cancer, survived nationalization after the war and even once being set on fire in a cold winter. (treehugger.com)
  • For the locals the 300-year-old chestnut tree is the symbol of continuity and its desire to live gives strength to them. (treehugger.com)
  • In Saskatchewan, trees cause approximately 2,000 power outages a year when they come in contact with power lines. (saskpower.com)
  • Grade-A Tree Care reported on the U.S. Forest Service findings that "one tree can clean about 330 pounds of carbon dioxide from the air each year," providing enough oxygen for a family of four. (lifehacker.com)
  • During dry weather, generously water the tree every 7 to 10 days during the first year. (arborday.org)
  • Keeping your trees watered is important during their first year. (arborday.org)
  • As demand surges, big box stores are seeking fresh trees up to a week earlier than last year, and Walmart is offering free home delivery for the first time. (clickondetroit.com)
  • The national organization says industry research tells them many people who put up an artificial tree last year plan to buy a real tree this year, and most are citing the pandemic as the reason. (clickondetroit.com)
  • Between 75% and 80% of Americans who have a Christmas tree now have an artificial one, and the $1 billion market for fake trees has been growing by about 4% a year - despite them being reusable. (clickondetroit.com)
  • No one tracks annual sales of real trees because independent tree lots are so scattered, but those in the business estimate about 20 million trees or more are sold each year, most of them at big box stores such as Costco and Home Depot. (clickondetroit.com)
  • This year, the Christmas Tree Promotion Board also asked Rob Kenney, creator of the "Dad, How Do I? (clickondetroit.com)
  • Can we plant 22 million trees a year? (rte.ie)
  • New this year, visit The History Spot in Downtown Chandler to learn even more about our famous holiday tree. (chandleraz.gov)
  • Data from 166 countries for the year 2013 were extracted for 25 selected input variables related to mortality, health and the environment, child health, economy and demography in order to build the decision tree. (who.int)
  • It's the time of year when the cold starts to wane, and trees and flowers blossom. (medlineplus.gov)
Nature's3
  • Trees are nature's lungs. (inhabitat.com)
  • Airs Sunday, August 30) It may be one of nature's oddest couples: a tiny wasp and a giant fig tree. (pbs.org)
  • Trees are, sort of, nature's pumps. (newyorker.com)
Tall2
  • U.K. architecture firm Grant Associates has been hard at work building a top notch experience around these super trees, which range between 9 and 16 stories tall. (businessinsider.com)
  • Bearing smaller, astringent fruits on large trees up to 65 feet tall, these trees require plenty of room. (yahoo.com)
Seeds2
  • Persimmon seeds will lose vitality over time, so fruit plucked directly from a tree is your best bet. (yahoo.com)
  • Without the wasp, the tree could not pollinate its flowers and produce seeds. (pbs.org)
Fraxinus1
  • Emerald ash borer ( Agrilus planipennis) is a bright metallic green beetle, with an elongated body up to 1/2 inch long and feeds, as its name suggests, on ash trees ( Fraxinus spp. ). (gardenguides.com)
Persimmon1
  • When I was younger, my grandparents had persimmon trees growing in their small orchard. (yahoo.com)
Life expectancy1
  • In this study, a decision tree was built using a chi-square automatic interaction detector technique in order to identify variables influencing life expectancy at birth. (who.int)
Artificial trees2
  • The real Christmas tree industry, which has been battling increased interest in artificial trees, is glad to see that more Americans appear to be flocking to fresh-cut evergreens this season, seeking a bright spot amid the virus's worsening toll. (clickondetroit.com)
  • The growing interest in real trees comes after the industry has struggled to attract new, younger customers in recent years as more Americans buy artificial trees. (clickondetroit.com)
Main1
  • Several main decorations were suggested for the town square, including banners placed over the roads, decorations mounted on light poles, a "modern tumbleweed Christmas tree," an animated Santa with his reindeer, a nativity that would fill most of the west half of the park and a western-themed Christmas display. (chandleraz.gov)
COMMUNITIES2
  • Healthy Trees, Healthy Communities. (constantcontact.com)
  • And the nonprofit works to launch tree-related careers for "overlooked populations like unemployed/underemployed communities of color," according to its website. (theecologist.org)
100,0001
  • It co-funded a US$100,000 grant to boost tree cover for a Health Equity Zone in the state. (theecologist.org)
Make10
  • On all occasions, trees make beautiful gifts. (tree-nation.com)
  • 1680s, from Sinhalese bo , from Pali bodhi , short for bodhi-taru 'bo tree,' literally 'tree of wisdom or enlightenment' (related to Sanskrit buddhah 'awakened,' from PIE root *bheudh- 'be aware, make aware') + taru 'tree. (etymonline.com)
  • Along with their disease resistance and drought tolerance, persimmons make excellent trees for small gardens . (yahoo.com)
  • In the final analysis, the merciless hand of natural selection will favor the birch genes that make the tree less and less palatable to the moose in generation after generation. (wikiquote.org)
  • The first step is to make a backup copy of your tree on your old computer. (ancestry.com)
  • Make sure you have your most current version of Family Tree Maker installed on your new computer. (ancestry.com)
  • If you can't make it out on the above dates or times, or if the lot is not tended due to weather and/or road conditions, you are welcome to visit and cut a Lodgepole Pine tree at any time. (google.com)
  • Trees can make great backgrounds for portrait photography , but they can also convey a lot of meaning all on their own. (adobe.com)
  • Denying protection would be a grave mistake and would make it harder to save the trees later. (yahoo.com)
  • By 1959, the Arizonan newspaper was boasting about the "great Tumbleweed Tree," and the excitement over the cotton boll wreaths had vanished to make room for the town's real showstopper. (chandleraz.gov)
Collect4
  • This is the place where you can see and collect all the trees you plant. (tree-nation.com)
  • The City of Austin hired engineering firm Halff Associates to incorporate traditional tree survey data into a geospatial format to collect, store, and dynamically visualize valuable information at exact geographic locations. (esri.com)
  • Halff created an ArcGIS Enterprise geodatabase configured with a city-provided schema to collect tree locations. (esri.com)
  • The trees will also generate solar power, collect rainwater and cool the buildings in the area. (businessinsider.com)
Roots3
  • 2. Carefully remove the tree from the container keeping the soil around the roots intact. (arborday.org)
  • Don't yank the tree out of the container as this can separate the roots from the tree. (arborday.org)
  • 3. Sometimes containerized trees become root-bound or the roots look like they're about to circle the root ball. (arborday.org)
19821
  • Over three billion - that's right, billion - trees went into the ground during the first quarter of 1982 alone. (csmonitor.com)
Joshua1
  • Joshua Tree National Park could lose most of its namesake trees. (yahoo.com)
Defines1
  • defines a number of variants of the fold algorithm for use in transforming SXML trees. (gnu.org)
Pine-tree1
  • With Christmas just around the corner, many families are looking forward to a traditional outing into the forest to find and cut their own very special Christmas Pine Tree. (google.com)
Shade-tree1
  • It's a reliable shade tree with good leafhopper resistance. (hgtv.com)
Black walnut1
  • Kvasice, Zlín region, Czech Republic In 1790, the Count of Lamberg created a park with a special black walnut tree . (treehugger.com)
Zones1
  • You can download our Plant the Right Tree in the Right Place Program Brochure that explains the four zones and suggests tree types. (saskpower.com)
Limbs1
  • Clear the area of cut limbs and wood as you work to allow for safer use of the saw, and to provide an escape path in case of sudden unanticipated movement by trees and limbs. (cdc.gov)
Edible5
  • Edible fruit or nut tree? (treecanada.ca)
  • Edible nut trees are very popular and sought after trees. (naturehills.com)
  • The recent emphasis on healthy eating and healthy foods has brought even more attention to edible nut trees. (naturehills.com)
  • Edible nut trees also contribute to the landscape with their stately size and shade attributes. (naturehills.com)
  • Click the photos of our edible nut trees to learn more, or call our plant experts at (402) 934-8116. (naturehills.com)
Decision tree12
  • In this section of the course, you will study a small example dataset, and learn how a single decision tree is trained. (google.com)
  • A decision tree is a model composed of a collection of 'questions' organized hierarchically in the shape of a tree. (google.com)
  • A simple classification decision tree. (google.com)
  • The legend in green is not part of the decision tree. (google.com)
  • Inference of a decision tree model is computed by routing an example from the root (at the top) to one of the leaf nodes (at the bottom) according to the conditions. (google.com)
  • For example, the following decision tree predicts a numerical cuteness score of an animal between 0 and 10. (google.com)
  • A decision tree that makes numerical prediction. (google.com)
  • Health assessors will take different paths along the decision tree depending on whether they answer yes or no to each question. (cdc.gov)
  • There is a footnote on the diagram that says: During the PHA process, health assessors will use the answers to the questions in this decision tree as a guide in determining whether a HOD analysis is possible and appropriate for their sites. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to create a decision tree model with machine learning to predict the outcomes of COVID-19 cases from data publicly available in the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) COVID Data Drop. (who.int)
  • Machine learning processes were used to generate, train and validate a decision tree model. (who.int)
  • The decision tree model prioritized age and history of hospital admission as predictors of mortality. (who.int)
Decorations3
  • Fancy up your tree with some amazing, unique ornaments and decorations, and grab a few small gifts in the last few days before the holidays! (sourpussclothing.com)
  • According to the legend, a fire in late 1956 or early 1957 destroyed all of the Christmas decorations in Chandler and the town replaced them with a tree made of tumbleweeds, and a tradition was born. (chandleraz.gov)
  • Records indicate it took three years for the community to think of the Tumbleweed Tree as the pièce de résistance of Chandler's holiday decorations. (chandleraz.gov)
Climate change2
  • Hotter, drier conditions from climate change, along with wildfire and development, are expected to cause the trees to die off at an increasing pace. (yahoo.com)
  • Climate change is threatening some of our iconic trees that have stood for centuries, even millennia. (yahoo.com)
Shining through them trees | The Economist
Shining through them trees | The Economist (economist.com)
(youtube.com)
(youtube.com/user/BartlettTreeExperts/)
Lubbock locations to recycle Christmas trees
Lubbock locations to recycle Christmas trees (lubbockonline.com)
Yew Tree Grove | eBay Stores
Yew Tree Grove | eBay Stores (ebay.com)
Bare trees leave no doubt what season this is
Bare trees leave no doubt what season this is (redding.com)
Moulding Heaven with Earth - Single by Abrasive Trees | Spotify
Moulding Heaven with Earth - Single by Abrasive Trees | Spotify (open.spotify.com)
Palm trees planted along Central Avenue shape Phoenix's look
Palm trees planted along Central Avenue shape Phoenix's look (azcentral.com)
Satellite-beach-decorator-wins-big-festival-trees
Satellite-beach-decorator-wins-big-festival-trees (floridatoday.com)
Christmas trees: Lots of options this year
Christmas trees: Lots of options this year (dailyrecord.com)
Festival of Trees helps unwrap holiday spirit
Festival of Trees helps unwrap holiday spirit (floridatoday.com)
Storm shows importance of tree trimming
Storm shows importance of tree trimming (indystar.com)
ASF Christmas Tree Lighting
ASF Christmas Tree Lighting (montgomeryadvertiser.com)
First Lady receives the official WH Christmas tree
First Lady receives the official WH Christmas tree (usatoday.com)
Fun facts about the Rockefeller Center Christmas tree
Fun facts about the Rockefeller Center Christmas tree (usatoday.com)
Coat Tree™
Coat Tree™ (fritzhansen.com)
Colorado's alkaline soils mean some trees need help
Colorado's alkaline soils mean some trees need help (coloradoan.com)
Hurricane Season 2019: Trimming trees before a hurricane
Hurricane Season 2019: Trimming trees before a hurricane (news-press.com)
Capitol Christmas tree makes stop in Nashville
Capitol Christmas tree makes stop in Nashville (tennessean.com)
Iowa's newest municipal Christmas tree turns on
Iowa's newest municipal Christmas tree turns on (desmoinesregister.com)
Fault Tree Archives - PEN America
Fault Tree Archives - PEN America (pen.org)
(youtube.com)
Fewer 'Toys from Hell' under Christmas tree this year
Fewer 'Toys from Hell' under Christmas tree this year (usatoday.com)
PublicDomainPictures.net - Free Download - Joshua Trees
PublicDomainPictures.net - Free Download - Joshua Trees (publicdomainpictures.net)
Mesquite Festival of Trees opens Wednesday
Mesquite Festival of Trees opens Wednesday (thespectrum.com)
Learn about birds, bees, flowers, trees at Nashville Lawn & Garden Show
Learn about birds, bees, flowers, trees at Nashville Lawn & Garden Show (tennessean.com)
Garden Q&A: Lichens are not killing your trees
Garden Q&A: Lichens are not killing your trees (jacksonville.com)
Festival of Trees, Stocking Stuffer store benefit Crittenton Center
Festival of Trees, Stocking Stuffer store benefit Crittenton Center (pjstar.com)
Yes, my Christmas tree still stands in February
Yes, my Christmas tree still stands in February (desmoinesregister.com)
The Banyan Tree: October 20, 2022
The Banyan Tree: October 20, 2022 (myemail.constantcontact.com)
Restaurant review: Pepper Tree Sandwich Shoppe
Restaurant review: Pepper Tree Sandwich Shoppe (floridatoday.com)
KJV Search Results for 'fig tree'
KJV Search Results for 'fig tree' (blueletterbible.org)
Tree that Macron gave Trump disappears from White House lawn
Tree that Macron gave Trump disappears from White House lawn (usatoday.com)
Reflections on hugging trees and human needs
Reflections on hugging trees and human needs (heraldtimesonline.com)