Transferases
Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.
Glutathione Transferase
Alkyl and Aryl Transferases
Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)
DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase
Coenzyme A-Transferases
Peptidyl Transferases
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases
ADP Ribose Transferases
Enzymes that transfer the ADP-RIBOSE group of NAD or NADP to proteins or other small molecules. Transfer of ADP-ribose to water (i.e., hydrolysis) is catalyzed by the NADASES. The mono(ADP-ribose)transferases transfer a single ADP-ribose. POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASES transfer multiple units of ADP-ribose to protein targets, building POLY ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE in linear or branched chains.
Farnesyltranstransferase
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Acyltransferases
Dinitrochlorobenzene
Substrate Specificity
Galactosyltransferases
N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases
Amino Acid Sequence
Protein Prenylation
gamma-Glutamyltransferase
Glycosyltransferases
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups to an acceptor. Most often another carbohydrate molecule acts as an acceptor, but inorganic phosphate can also act as an acceptor, such as in the case of PHOSPHORYLASES. Some of the enzymes in this group also catalyze hydrolysis, which can be regarded as transfer of a glycosyl group from the donor to water. Subclasses include the HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES; PENTOSYLTRANSFERASES; SIALYLTRANSFERASES; and those transferring other glycosyl groups. EC 2.4.
DNA Nucleotidyltransferases
Base Sequence
UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Isoenzymes
Pentosyltransferases
Liver
Glucuronosyltransferase
Cloning, Molecular
Glucosyltransferases
Glutathione
Catalysis
Carbohydrate Sequence
Glycosylation
UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
Sparsomycin
Mutation
Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and hypoxanthine, guanine, or 6-mercaptopurine to the corresponding 5'-mononucleotides and pyrophosphate. The enzyme is important in purine biosynthesis as well as central nervous system functions. Complete lack of enzyme activity is associated with the LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME, while partial deficiency results in overproduction of uric acid. EC 2.4.2.8.
Mannosyltransferases
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Ethanolaminephosphotransferase
Binding Sites
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylgalactosamine
Methyltransferases
Ribosomes
In Situ Nick-End Labeling
An in situ method for detecting areas of DNA which are nicked during APOPTOSIS. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is used to add labeled dUTP, in a template-independent manner, to the 3 prime OH ends of either single- or double-stranded DNA. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling, or TUNEL, assay labels apoptosis on a single-cell level, making it more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of DNA FRAGMENTATION.
Galactosemias
A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)
Catalytic Domain
Models, Molecular
Glutathione S-Transferase pi
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
Enzyme Inhibitors
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Acetyltransferases
ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Puromycin
RNA, Ribosomal, 23S
Fucosyl Galactose alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
Phosphotransferases
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Metabolic Detoxication, Drug
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Catechol O-Methyltransferase
Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases
Microsomes, Liver
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Oligosaccharides
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Cytosol
Protein Binding
DNA Primers
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Dimethylallyltranstransferase
An enzyme that, in the pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, catalyzes the condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallylpyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate and geranylpyrophosphate. The enzyme then catalyzes the condensation of the latter compound with another molecule of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate and farnesylpyrophosphate. EC 2.5.1.1.
Haloarcula marismortui
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Microsomes
Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.
Galactose
An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.
Aminoacyltransferases
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
N-Acetylhexosaminyltransferases
Nitrogenous Group Transferases
Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.
Chromatography, Gel
Plasmids
Genetic Complementation Test
Hydroxymethyl and Formyl Transferases
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)
Botulinum Toxins
Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Aspartate Aminotransferases
Structure-Activity Relationship
Enzyme Induction
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Isoelectric Focusing
Acyl Carrier Protein
Sialyltransferases
A group of enzymes with the general formula CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:acceptor N-acetylneuraminyl transferase. They catalyze the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid from CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid to an acceptor, which is usually the terminal sugar residue of an oligosaccharide, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid. EC 2.4.99.-.
Crystallography, X-Ray
Adipates
RNA, Transfer
The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.
Uridine Diphosphate Galactose
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
RNA Nucleotidyltransferases
Quinolones
Rats, Inbred Strains
Glutathione Peroxidase
Histamine N-Methyltransferase
Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose
Cells, Cultured
Transfection
Transcription, Genetic
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
Multigene Family
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Fucosyltransferases
Enzymes catalyzing the transfer of fucose from a nucleoside diphosphate fucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid molecule. Elevated activity of some fucosyltransferases in human serum may serve as an indicator of malignancy. The class includes EC 2.4.1.65; EC 2.4.1.68; EC 2.4.1.69; EC 2.4.1.89.
Blotting, Western
Uridine Monophosphate
Cattle
Phenotype
Oxalobacter formigenes
The sole species of the genus Oxalobacter consisting of straight or curved gram-negative rods with rounded ends. Cells are nonmotile, nonsporing, and use oxylates as the only source of CARBON and energy, with formate and CARBON DIOXIDE as end products. They are isolated from lake sediments and from the rumen or large bowel of humans and animals. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Acyl Coenzyme A
Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase
Spermidine Synthase
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
DNA, Complementary
Dolichol
Molecular Structure
Amino Acids
Cricetinae
Conserved Sequence
NAD
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Membrane Proteins
Alanine Transaminase
Acetyl Coenzyme A
Enzyme Stability
Chromatography, Affinity
Chromatography, Ion Exchange
Coumaric Acids
Mass Spectrometry
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Lincomycin
Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases
A hexosaminidase specific for non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides. It acts on GLUCOSIDES; GALACTOSIDES; and several OLIGOSACCHARIDES. Two specific mammalian isoenzymes of beta-N-acetylhexoaminidase are referred to as HEXOSAMINIDASE A and HEXOSAMINIDASE B. Deficiency of the type A isoenzyme causes TAY-SACHS DISEASE, while deficiency of both A and B isozymes causes SANDHOFF DISEASE. The enzyme has also been used as a tumor marker to distinguish between malignant and benign disease.
Enzyme Activation
Pantetheine
Biocatalysis
Golgi Apparatus
A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Aniline Hydroxylase
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
Fatty Acid Synthases
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Gene Expression
Ethacrynic Acid
A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.
Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Chloroflexus
ABO Blood-Group System
The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane.
Alkenes
Lipid A
NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)
Bufo bufo
Thymus Gland
A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.
Kidney
Cell Membrane
Taxus
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CWH8 gene is required for full levels of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum and for efficient N-glycosylation. (1/1662)
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant cwh8 was previously found to have an anomalous cell wall. Here we show that the cwh8 mutant has an N -glycosylation defect. We found that cwh8 cells were resistant to vanadate and sensitive to hygromycin B, and produced glycoforms of invertase and carboxypeptidase Y with a reduced number of N -chains. We have cloned the CWH8 gene. We found that it was nonessential and encoded a putative transmembrane protein of 239 amino acids. Comparison of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transferase activities of membrane preparations from wild type or cwh8 Delta cells revealed no differences in enzyme kinetic properties indicating that the oligosaccharyl transferase complex of mutant cells was not affected. cwh8 Delta cells also produced normal dolichols and dolichol-linked oligosaccharide intermediates including the full-length form Glc3Man9GlcNAc2. The level of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides in cwh8 Delta cells was, however, reduced to about 20% of the wild type. We propose that inefficient N -glycosylation of secretory proteins in cwh8 Delta cells is caused by an insufficient supply of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide substrate. (+info)Isolation and characterization of two mouse L cell lines resistant to the toxic lectin ricin. (2/1662)
Two variant mouse L cell lines (termed CL 3 and CL 6) have been selected for resistant to ricin, a galactose-binding lectin with potent cytotoxic activity. The resistant lines exhibit a 50 to 70% decrease in ricin binding and a 300- to 500-fold increase in resistance to the toxic effects of ricin. Crude membrane preparations of CL 3 cells have increased sialic acid content (200% of control), while the galactose, mannose, and hexosamine content is within normal limits. Both the glycoproteins and glycolipids of CL 3 cells have increased sialic acid, with the GM3:lactosylceramide ratios for parent L and CL 3 cells being 0.29 and 1.5, respectively. In contrast, the membranes of CL 6 cells have a decrease in sialic acid, galactose, and hexosamine content with mannose being normal. Both cell lines have specific alterations in glycosyltransferase activities which can account for the observed membrane sugar changes. CL 3 cells have increased CMP-sialic acid:glycoprotein sialyltransferase and GM3 synthetase activities, while CL 6 cells have decrease UDP-GlcNAc:glycoproteinN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and DPU-galactose:glycoprotein galactosyltransferase activities. The increased sialic acid content of CL 3 cells serves to mask ricin binding sites, since neuraminidase treatment of this cell line restores ricin binding to essentially normal levels. However, the fact that neuraminidase-treated CL 3 cells are still 45-fold resistant to ricin indicates that either a special class of productive ricin binding sites is not being exposed or that the cell line has a second mechanism for ricin resistance. (+info)Hyaluronan synthase expression in bovine eyes. (3/1662)
PURPOSE: Hyaluronan (HA), a high-molecular-weight linear glycosaminoglycan, is a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is expressed in eyes and plays important roles in many biologic processes, including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Hyaluronan is produced by HA synthase (HAS), which has three isoforms: HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3. In this study, the HAS expression in the anterior segment of bovine eyes was investigated to determine the significance of HA in eyes. METHODS: To obtain bovine HAS probes, degenerate oligonucleotide primers, based on well-conserved amino acid sequences including the catalytic region of each HAS isoform, were used for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to amplify mRNA from bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCECs). Hyaluronan synthase-1 expression in the anterior segment of bovine eyes at the protein level was investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: All three HAS isoforms were expressed in BCECs at the mRNA level. Amplified cDNA fragments of HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3 from BCECs can be aligned to human counterparts, showing similarities of 100%, 97.3%, and 100%, respectively, at the amino acid level. Hyaluronan synthase 1 was expressed at the protein level in corneal epithelium, keratocyte, corneal endothelium, conjunctival epithelium, ciliary epithelium, capillary endothelium, and trabecular meshwork. CONCLUSIONS: Hyaluronan synthase isoforms were expressed in the ocular anterior segment and are speculated to be involved in HA production in situ. (+info)Behavior of transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.2) and transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) Activities in normal, neoplastic, differentiating, and regenerating liver. (4/1662)
The objective of this investigation was to throw light on the biological behavior and metabolic regulation of hepatic enzymes of the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. The activities of transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.2) and trasketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) Were compared in biological conditions that involve modulation of gene expression such as in starvation, in differentiation, after partial hepatectomy, and in a spectrum of hepatomas of different growth rates. The enzyme activities were determined under optimal kinetic conditions by spectrophotometric methods in the 100,000 X g supernatant fluids prepared from tissue homogenates. The kinetic properties of transaldolase and transketolase were similar in normal liver and in rapidly growing hepatoma 3924A. For transaldolase, apparent Km values of 0.13 mM (normal liver) and 0.17 mM (hepatoma) were observed for erythrose 4-phosphate and of 0.30 to 0.35 mM for fructose 6-phosphate. The pH optima in liver and hepatoma were at approximately 6.9 to 7.2. For the transketolase substrates, ribose 5-phosphate and xylulose 5-phosphate, the apparent Km values were 0.3 and 0.5 mM, respectively, in both liver and hepatoma. A broad pH optimum around 7.6 was observed in both tissues. In organ distribution studies, enzyme activities were measured in liver, intestinal mucosa, thymus, kidney, spleen, brain, adipose tissue, lung, heart, and skeletal muscle. Taking the specific activity of liver as 100%, transaldolase activity was the highest in intestinal mucosa (316%) and in thymus (219%); it was the lowest in heart (53%) and in skeletal muscle (21%). Transketolase activity was highest in kidney (155%) and lowest in heart (26%) and skeletal muscle (23%). Starvation decreased transaldolase and transketolase activities in 6 days to 69 and 74%, respectively, of those of the liver of the normal, fed rat. This was in the same range as the decrease in the protein concentration (66%y. In the liver tumors, transaldolase activity was increased 1.5- to 3.4-fold over the activities observed in normal control rat liver. Transketolase activity showed no relationship to tumor proliferation rate. In the regenerating liver at 24 hr after partial hepatectomy, the activity of both pentose phosphate pathway enzymes was in the same range as that of the sham-operated controls. In differentiation at the postnatal age of 5, 12, 23, and 32 days, hepatic transaldolase activities were 33, 44, 55, and 72%, respectively, of the activities observed in the 60-day-old, adult male rat. During the same period, transketolase activ-ties were 18, 21, 26, and 55% of the activities observed in liver of adult rat. The demonstration of increased transaldolase activity in hepatomas, irrespective of the degree of tumor malignancy, differentiation, or growth rate, suggests that the reprogramming of gene expression in malignant transformation is linked with an increase in the expression of this pentose phosphate pathway enzyme... (+info)A 20-kDa domain is required for phosphatidic acid-induced allosteric activation of phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus. (5/1662)
Two phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes with both hydrolase and transferase activities were isolated from Streptomyces chromofuscus. There were substantial differences in the kinetic properties of the two PLD enzymes towards monomeric, micellar, and vesicle substrates. The most striking difference was that the higher molecular weight enzyme (PLD57 approximately 57 kDa) could be activated allosterically with a low mole fraction of phosphatidic acid (PA) incorporated into a PC bilayer (Geng et al., J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 12195-12202). PLD42/20, a tightly associated complex of two peptides, one of 42 kDa and the other 20 kDa, had a 4-6-fold higher Vmax toward PC substrates than PLD57 and was not activated by PA. N-Terminal sequencing of both enzymes indicated that both components of PLD42/20 were cleavage products of PLD57. The larger component included the N-terminal segment of PLD57 and contained the active site. The N-terminus of the smaller peptide corresponded to the C-terminal region of PLD57; this peptide had no PLD activity by itself. Increasing the pH of PLD42/20 to 8.9, followed by chromatography of PLD42/20 on a HiTrap Q column at pH 8.5 separated the 42- and 20-kDa proteins. The 42-kDa complex had about the same specific activity with or without the 20-kDa fragment. The lack of PA activation for the 42-kDa protein and for PLD42/20 indicates that an intact C-terminal region of PLD57 is necessary for activation by PA. Furthermore, the mechanism for transmission of the allosteric signal requires an intact PLD57. (+info)Serine transhydroxymethylase from rabbit liver. Sequence of anonapeptide at the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-binding site. (6/1662)
The amino acid sequence of the coenzyme-binding site of serine transhydroxymethylase from rabbit liver has been determined. After reduction with NaBH4 and aminoethylation, a first sample of enzyme was digested with thermolysin and a single phosphopyridoxyl peptide was isolated. A second sample of similarly treated enzyme was digested with chymotrypsin and three phosphopyridoxyl peptides clearly originating from a unique coenzyme-binding site were isolated. Sequence analysis of these peptides indicate the following structure: Val-Val-Thr-Thr-His(Pxy)-Thr-Leu. Sequence homologies of the active site of various pyridoxalphosphate enzymes are discussed in terms of a possible catalytic role and of evolution of this class of proteins. (+info)Bordetella pertussis waaA encodes a monofunctional 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase that can complement an Escherichia coli waaA mutation. (7/1662)
Bordetella pertussis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contains a single 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residue, whereas LPS from Escherichia coli contains at least two. Here we report that B. pertussis waaA encodes an enzyme capable of transferring only a single Kdo during the biosynthesis of LPS and that this activity is sufficient to complement an E. coli waaA mutation. (+info)Expression of prokaryotic 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphatases in Escherichia coli increases carotenoid and ubiquinone biosynthesis. (8/1662)
Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) acts as the common, five-carbon building block in the biosynthesis of all isoprenoids. The first reaction of IPP biosynthesis in Escherichia coli is the formation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate, catalysed by 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXPS). E. coli engineered to produce lycopene, was transformed with dxps genes cloned from Bacillus subtilis and Synechocystis sp. 6803. Increases in lycopene levels were observed in strains expressing exogenous DXPS compared to controls. The recombinant strains also exhibited elevated levels of ubiquinone-8. These increases corresponded with enhanced DXP synthase activity in the recombinant E. coli strains. (+info)
Q31I56 | lgt | Phosphatidylglycerol--prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase | Druggability | Cancer
ECMDB: Glycine (ECMDB00123) (M2MDB000046)
SWISS-MODEL Repository | P9WK92
Activity : mray1
SAUSA300 0749 - AureoWiki
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Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS
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3wak » Transmembrane oligosaccharyl transferase - Orientations of Proteins in Membranes (OPM) database
OriGene - STT3A (NM 152713) cDNA Clone
Lirik dan Kord Kunci Gitar Lazuardi - OST Marlina si Pembunuh Dalam Empat Babak ~ Maingitardulu.com
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TIGR01437
Structure Cluster
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RCSB PDB
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Regulation and expression of hyaluronan synthases
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
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Formylmethanofuran:tetrahydromethanopterin formyltransferase superfamily
Gentaur Molecular :GenWay \ S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-2 - EC 2.5.1.6; Methionine adenosyltransferase 2;...
gdS-2 - Hexaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase - Saccharolobus solfataricus (strain ATCC 35092 / DSM 1617 / JCM 11322 / P2) - gdS-2...
DHDDS - Dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase complex subunit DHDDS - Homo sapiens (Human) - DHDDS gene & protein
CMU Intellectual Repository: In vitro model of hyaluronan synthase gene expression associated with lipopolysaccharide-induced...
121268-17-5|Alendronate sodium|MuseChem
YPT1 (YFL038C) Result Summary | BioGRID
Human DAD1 ELISA Kit | biobool.com
Identification of a novel inhibition site in translocase MraY based upon the site of interaction with lysis protein e from...
Reaction mass of Chromate(1-),... - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Download How To Recover Ost Database - How To Recover Ost Database Software
Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
ST6 Gal Sialyltransferase 1/ST6GAL1/CD75 Overexpression Lysate (Denatured) (H00006480-T01): Novus Biologicals
Bengt Hasséus
Recent questions and answers in Transferases - lookformedical.com
SA RS13690 - AureoWiki
Report: Mm.27446
Substrate specificity of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase suggests a common transfer mechanism for the bacterial and...
Biology-Online • View topic - 20 Amino Acids
Inhibiting RHO geranylgeranylation has an unexpected outcome on inflammation | Disease Models & Mechanisms
PRIME PubMed | A serine hydroxymethyltransferase from marine bacterium Shewanella algae: Isolation, purification,...
Phase II Trial of R115777 (NSC 702818) [tipifarnib] an Inhibitor of Farnesyl Protein Transferase, in Patients With Hormone...
SWISSPROT: DXS SHISS
N-α-Boc-N-β-allyloxycarbonyl-D-2,3-diaminopropionic acid dicyclohexylamine salt - Creative Peptides
DHDDS Gene - GeneCards | DHDDS Protein | DHDDS Antibody
ST8 alpha-2,8-Sialyltransferase 8B/ST8SIA2 Proteins: Novus Biologicals
SHMT1 Gene - GeneCards | GLYC Protein | GLYC Antibody
Search Results
Lirik dan Kord Kunci Gitar Mungkin - The Overtunes (Ost Ngenest) ~ Maingitardulu.com
Oligosaccharyltransferase
Dempski RE, Imperiali B (December 2002). "Oligosaccharyl transferase: gatekeeper to the secretory pathway". Curr Opin Chem Biol ... oligosaccharyl transferase complex) the newly synthesized protein is transported across the membrane (gray) into the interior ... "Structure of the mammalian oligosaccharyl-transferase complex in the native ER protein translocon". Nat. Commun. (5): 3072. ... "STT3, a highly conserved protein required for yeast oligosaccharyl transferase activity in vivo". EMBO J. 14 (20): 4949-60. ...
HADHB
transferase activity. • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups. • enoyl-CoA hydratase ... transferase activity, transferring acyl groups. • 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. • RNA binding. • acetyl-CoA C- ...
Glycogen phosphorylase
In addition, the enzyme transferase shifts a block of 3 glucosyl residues from the outer branch to the other end, and then a α1 ...
P110α
transferase activity. • nucleotide binding. • protein kinase activator activity. • 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase ...
Histone acetyltransferase
"Lessons from genome-wide studies: an integrated definition of the coactivator function of histone acetyl transferases" ...
Class II PI 3-kinases
DNA nucleotidylexotransferase/Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. RNA nucleotidyltransferase. RNA polymerase/DNA-directed ...
DAHP synthase
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, to be specific those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is phosphoenolpyruvate:D-erythrose-4-phosphate C-(1-carboxyvinyl)transferase ( ...
Citrate synthase
transferase activity. • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer. • citrate ...
Polynucleotide phosphorylase
Transferases: phosphorus-containing groups (EC 2.7). 2.7.1-2.7.4:. phosphotransferase/kinase. (PO4). ...
Uridine kinase
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups ( ...
Sucrose phosphorylase
transferases. Ribose. ADP-ribosyltransferase. *NAD+:diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase *Diphtheria toxin. *Pseudomonas exotoxin ...
Taq polymerase
DNA nucleotidylexotransferase/Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. RNA nucleotidyltransferase. RNA polymerase/DNA-directed ...
Cholera toxin
transferases. Ribose. ADP-ribosyltransferase. *NAD+:diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase *Diphtheria toxin. *NAD(P)+:arginine ADP ...
Creatine kinase
Transferases: phosphorus-containing groups (EC 2.7). 2.7.1-2.7.4:. phosphotransferase/kinase. (PO4). ...
N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphate synthase
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl ... transferase. Other names in common use include N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphate lyase, N-acetylneuraminate 9-phosphate sialic ...
Diglyceride acyltransferase
Transferases: acyltransferases (EC 2.3). 2.3.1: other than amino-acyl groups. *acetyltransferases: Acetyl-Coenzyme A ...
RNA polymerase
Transferases: phosphorus-containing groups (EC 2.7). 2.7.1-2.7.4:. phosphotransferase/kinase. (PO4). ...
Fatty acid synthase
transferase activity. • enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein reductase (NADPH, A-specific) activity]. • 3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier ... 2cg5: STRUCTURE OF AMINOADIPATE-SEMIALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE-PHOSPHOPANTETHEINYL TRANSFERASE IN COMPLEX WITH CYTOSOLIC ACYL ...
Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
... the term non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase describes a class of enzymes that belong to the family of transferases, ...
1,3-Beta-glucan synthase
transferases. Ribose. ADP-ribosyltransferase. *NAD+:diphthamide ADP-ribosyltransferase *Diphtheria toxin. *Pseudomonas exotoxin ...
Glutathione
... S-transferase enzymes catalyze its conjugation to lipophilic xenobiotics, facilitating their excretion or further ... Hayes, John D.; Flanagan, Jack U.; Jowsey, Ian R. (2005). "Glutathione transferases". Annual Review of Pharmacology and ... a tool to measure the cellular glutathione redox potential Glutathione-ascorbate cycle Bacterial glutathione transferase ...
Antioxidant
Sharma R, Yang Y, Sharma A, Awasthi S, Awasthi YC (April 2004). "Antioxidant role of glutathione S-transferases: protection ... In addition, the glutathione S-transferases show high activity with lipid peroxides. These enzymes are at particularly high ... Hayes JD, Flanagan JU, Jowsey IR (2005). "Glutathione transferases". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 45: 51-88. ... The glutathione system includes glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidases, and glutathione S-transferases. ...
Antioxidant
Hayes JD, Flanagan JU, Jowsey IR (2005). "Glutathione transferases". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 45: 51-88. ... The glutathione system includes glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidases, and glutathione S-transferases.[ ... Sharma R, Yang Y, Sharma A, Awasthi S, Awasthi YC (April 2004). "Antioxidant role of glutathione S-transferases: protection ... glutathione S-transferase etc. protect DNA from oxidative stress. It has been proposed that polymorphisms in these enzymes are ...
2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene
Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB (1974). "Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation". J ...
Beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. The ...
Competitive inhibition
Transferase (EC 2). *2.1 COMT. *Thymidylate synthase. *2.4 PARP. *2.5 Dihydropteroate synthetase ...
2-alkenal reductase
EC2 Transferases (list). *EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list). *EC5 Isomerases (list) ...
Superoxide dismutase
EC2 Transferases (list). *EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list). *EC5 Isomerases (list) ...
L-xylulose reductase
EC2 Transferases (list). *EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list). *EC5 Isomerases (list) ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
transferase activity. • nucleotide binding. • protein kinase activity. • kinase activity. • protein serine/threonine kinase ...
Transferase - Wikipedia
Transferase deficiencies are at the root of many common illnesses. The most common result of a transferase deficiency is a ... Terminal transferases are transferases that can be used to label DNA or to produce plasmid vectors. It accomplishes both of ... The A and B transferases are the foundation of the human ABO blood group system. Both A and B transferases are ... "ABO Blood Group (Transferase A, Alpha 1-3-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase;Transferase B, Alpha 1-3-Galactosyltransferase)". ...
transferase - Wiktionary
Glutathione S-transferase - Wikipedia
Overview of Glutathione-S-Transferases. *Glutathione+S-Transferase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ... Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), previously known as ligandins, comprise a family of eukaryotic and prokaryotic phase II ... Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain. Structure of the xenobiotic substrate binding site of rat glutathione S- ... Allocati N, Federici L, Masulli M, Di Ilio C (January 2009). "Glutathione transferases in bacteria". The FEBS Journal. 276 (1 ...
Glutathione- S-Transferases | SpringerLink
GST; Gsto 1 The Glutathione- S-transferases exist as cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal which can participate in signal ... Glutathione transferases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005;45:51-88.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Glutathione S-transferase pi1 promotes tumorigenicity in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2005;65:9485-94.PubMed ... The glutathione S-transferases: influence of polymorphism on cancer susceptibility. IARC Sci Publ. 1999;231-49.Google Scholar ...
Drug Metabolism: Glutathione S-transferase
Transferase (IPR003480) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
This family includes a number of transferase enzymes, mainly from plants and fungi. The motif HXXXD is probably part of the ... An important role of a BAHD acyl transferase-like protein in plant innate immunity.. Plant J. 57 1040-53 2009 ... GO:0016747 transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups ...
Human glutathione S-transferases
Multiple forms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes present in human tissues are dimers of subunits belonging to three ... Human glutathione S-transferases Int J Biochem. 1994 Mar;26(3):295-308. doi: 10.1016/0020-711x(94)90050-7. ... 1. Multiple forms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes present in human tissues are dimers of subunits belonging to ... 2. These subunits are differentially expressed in a tissue-specific manner and the composition of glutathione S-transferases in ...
Regulation of Signal Transduction by Glutathione Transferases
J. D. Hayes, J. U. Flanagan, and I. R. Jowsey, "Glutathione transferases," Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, vol. ... 15-deoxy-δ prostaglandin J2-induced expression of glutathione S-transferases," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 275, ... D. M. Townsend, Y. Manevich, L. He, S. Hutchens, C. J. Pazoles, and K. D. Tew, "Novel role for glutathione S-transferase π ... I. R. Jowsey, S. A. Smith, and J. D. Hayes, "Expression of the murine glutathione S-transferase α3 (GSTA3) subunit is markedly ...
Die Purin-Phosphoribosylpyrophosphat-Transferase in Hühnererythrozyten | SpringerLink
The glutathione transferase kappa family. - PubMed - NCBI
GABA transferase - Wikipedia
The Genetic Architecture of Murine Glutathione Transferases. - PubMed - NCBI
Polymerase, nucleotidyl transferase domain (IPR002934) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test
A gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in the blood. GGT is a liver enzyme. High levels of GGT are ... What is a gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test?. A gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in the ... Gamma Glutamyl Transferase; p. 314.. *Lab Tests Online [Internet]. Washington D.C.: American Association for Clinical Chemistry ... Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) blood test: Overview; [updated 2020 Apr 23; cited 2020 Apr 23]; [about 2 screens]. Available ...
RCSB PDB - 1R5A: Glutathione S-transferase
The crystal structures of glutathione S-transferases isozymes 1-3 and 1-4 from Anopheles dirus species B.. Oakley, A.J.,& ... The insect GST (glutathione transferase) supergene family encodes a varied group of proteins belonging to at least six ... The insect GST (glutathione transferase) supergene family encodes a varied group of proteins belonging to at least six ... Identification, characterization and structure of a new Delta class glutathione transferase isoenzyme.. Udomsinprasert, R., ...
Trmt2a transferase gene ontology
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase, Recombinant
Stk32a transferase gene ontology
Intrinsic regulation of FIC-domain AMP-transferases by oligomerization and automodification | PNAS
2012) A Xanthomonas uridine 5′-monophosphate transferase inhibits plant immune kinases. Nature 485(7396):114-118. ... Intrinsic regulation of FIC-domain AMP-transferases by oligomerization and automodification Message Subject (Your Name) has ... The physiological importance of AMP-transferases with FIC fold has escaped attention for a long time, because their activity is ... Intrinsic regulation of FIC-domain AMP-transferases by oligomerization and automodification. Frédéric V. Stanger, Björn M. ...
Characterization of rat glutathione transferases in olfactory epithelium and mucus
Endophilin and CtBP/BARS are not acyl transferases in endocytosis or Golgi fission | Nature
... a lysophosphatidic acid acyl transferase or LPAAT activity) that can make phosphatidic acid in membranes1,2,3. This activity is ... Endophilin and CtBP/BARS are not acyl transferases in endocytosis or Golgi fission. *Jennifer L. Gallop1. , ... Lysophosphatidic acid acyl transferase (LPAAT) activities. Full TLC plates of LPAAT activities of proteins purified from BL21 ... Gallop, J., Butler, P. & McMahon, H. Endophilin and CtBP/BARS are not acyl transferases in endocytosis or Golgi fission. Nature ...
Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase deficiency | MedlinePlus Genetics
3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency is an inherited disorder that impairs the bodys ability to break down ketones, ... The OXCT1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT). The SCOT ... Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency is an inherited disorder that impairs the bodys ability to break ... Neonatal hypoglycaemia in severe succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2001 Oct;24(5):587-95 ...
Ghrelin octanoylation mediated by an orphan lipid transferase | PNAS
Ghrelin octanoylation mediated by an orphan lipid transferase. Jesus A. Gutierrez, Patricia J. Solenberg, Douglas R. Perkins, ... Ghrelin octanoylation mediated by an orphan lipid transferase. Jesus A. Gutierrez, Patricia J. Solenberg, Douglas R. Perkins, ... The specificity of GOAT as the acyl transferase for ghrelin and a member of the MBOAT family of proteins was further tested by ... We named the predicted protein encoded by the longer transcript of candidate 7 the ghrelin O-acyl transferase, GOAT (Fig. S2). ...
GGT | GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase)
KudoZ) Spanish to English translation of GGR: GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) [CBC & Differential Report - Medical: Health ... GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase). Explanation:. Only if there is a typo. Roxanna Delgado. United States. Local time: 04:17. ... Both terms, transpeptidase and transferase are medically correct, but only if there is a typo of course. I hope you finished ... Formal name: Gamma-glutamyl transferase. http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/ggt/tes... ...
O-mannosyl-transferase - Daphnia magna
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20042188 - Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases in French vinyl chloride workers.
Transferase
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05. A and B transferases - All You Need To Know about the ABO Blood Groups (Types)
... transferases, a1,3-galactosyl transferase, a1,3-GalNAc transferase, structural basis, molecular genetic basis of ABO, ABO ... A transferase, B transferase, cell surface antigens, carbohydrate antigens, oligosaccharide antigens, oligosaccharides, complex ... transferase chimeras, GBGT1, GGTA1, A3GALT2, monoclonal antibody, sera, plant lectins, Fumi-ichiro Yamamoto, Fumiichiro ... transferases, a1,3-galactosyl transferase, a1,3-GalNAc transferase, structural basis, molecular genetic basis of ABO, ABO ...
RCSB PDB - Protein Feature View
- Transferase - Q7SIA0 (Q7SIA0 THETH)
The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
GSTsEnzymeRecombinantSuccinyl-CoA:glutarate-CoA transferaseProteinCharacterizationSuperfamilyHepatic glutathione S-transferaDetoxificationConjugationFarnesyl transferasPolypeptide GalNac TransferaseProteinsGSTM1PolymorphismsCatalyzed by glutathioneExpression of glutathioneAcyl transferaseAcetyl transferasePeptidyl transferaseNucleotidyl transferaseLiverClassificationEncodesCarnitineCytosolic glutathioneGalNAcCatalyseActivityDeficiencyMolecularSERUMGammaSubunitsGlycosylAlanineIsoenzymesClassGENE EXPRESSIONEndogenousGenotypesAnophelesSubstrateStructural
GSTs10
- Glutathione S -transferases ( GSTs ), previously known as ligandins , comprise a family of eukaryotic and prokaryotic phase II metabolic isozymes best known for their ability to catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotic substrates for the purpose of detoxification. (wikipedia.org)
- The aim of this study was to examine the polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) as potential modifiers of this relationship, since these enzymes may be involved in the phase II metabolism of the reactive intermediates of vinyl chloride. (cdc.gov)
- Conflicting findings have been reported for associations of primary brain tumors and constitutive polymorphisms in glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs). (nih.gov)
- Glutathione transferases (GSTs) of a novel class, which it is proposed to term Theta, were purified from rat and human liver. (uniprot.org)
- Glutathione S -transferases (GSTs) comprise a family of detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with carcinogens, drugs, toxins, and products of oxidative stress ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
- The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) belong to a large family of proteins involved in detoxification [ 1 - 3 ]. (plos.org)
- Background: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) is a genetic factor for many diseases and exhibits great diversities among various populations. (ebscohost.com)
- The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) represent a family of cytosolic enzymes whose primary function is the detoxification of electrophilic chemical species of endogenous and exogenous origin. (washington.edu)
- A multi-method approach was employed to compare the responses of Glutatione Transferases (GSTs) in the gills and hepatopancreas of Venerupis philippinarum to microcystins (MCs) toxicity. (mdpi.com)
- Glutathione transferases (GSTs) constitute a superfamily of enzymes with essential roles in cellular detoxification and secondary metabolism in plants as in other organisms. (frontiersin.org)
Enzyme15
- Mechanistically, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction would be a transferase: X g r o u p + Y → t r a n s f e r a s e X + Y g r o u p {\displaystyle Xgroup+Y{\xrightarrow[{transferase}]{}}X+Ygroup} In the above reaction, X would be the donor, and Y would be the acceptor. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1953, the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was shown to be a transferase, when it was found that it could reversibly produce UTP and G1P from UDP-glucose and an organic pyrophosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- Glucuronyl transferase is a liver enzyme . (medlineplus.gov)
- GABA transferase may refer to: 4-aminobutyrate transaminase, an enzyme 4-aminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase, an enzyme This set index page lists enzyme articles associated with the same name. (wikipedia.org)
- 12 ) described that porcupine, an enzyme with structural similarities to membrane-bound O -acyl transferases (MBOAT), is required for serine-209 acylation with palmitoleic acid and for transport of Wnt3a from the endoplasmic reticulum for secretion. (pnas.org)
- X-linked agammaglobulinaemia patients had significantly lower glutathione S-transferase enzyme activities at all sites in the normal colonic mucosa as compared to adenoma patients. (ingentaconnect.com)
- This lower glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity might play a role in the apparently increased colorectal cancer risk in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia patients, assuming that detoxification of carcinogenic compounds plays a role in the aetiology of colon cancer of these patients. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Jemth P, Mannervik B: Kinetic characterization of recombinant human glutathione transferase T1-1, a polymorphic detoxication enzyme. (drugbank.ca)
- The results indicate that a GSH S-transferase is involved in the metabolism of isoprene and that the enzyme can detoxify reactive epoxides produced by monooxygenation of chlorinated ethenes. (tudelft.nl)
- Metabolic networks are highly connected and complex, but a single enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) can sense the availability of metabolites and also modify target proteins. (harvard.edu)
- This condition is caused by a genetic defect in the carnitine palmityl transferase 2 enzyme (CPT2), which normally escorts breakdown products of fats from the main part of the muscle cell into the mitochondria (the cell's "engine"), where they can be further metabolized for energy. (mda.org)
- Antioxidant enzyme Glutathione S- Transferase (GST) is thought to do the primary cellular defense mechanism against reactive oxygen species. (prospecbio.com)
- A gene coding for an enzyme (quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase) involved in the biosynthesis of NAD + was identified between these two regions by sequence analysis and functional assays. (asm.org)
- The fact that elevated levels of quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase enhance growth on phthalate stems from the structural similarities between phthalate and quinolinate: phthalate is a competitive inhibitor of this enzyme and the phthalate catabolic pathway cometabolizes quinolinate. (asm.org)
- The enzyme farnesyl transferase is involved in posttranslational modification of the ras proteins by covalently linking a farnesyl group to the ras protein. (aacrjournals.org)
Recombinant1
- Preparation of Antibodies against Soluble Recombinant Dengue E Proteins Fused with Glutathione's Transferase. (who.int)
Succinyl-CoA:glutarate-CoA transferase2
- Your search returned 16 succinyl-CoA:glutarate-CoA transferase Biomolecules across 8 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
- Your search returned 2 succinyl-CoA:glutarate-CoA transferase Biomolecules across 1 supplier. (biocompare.com)
Protein6
- An important role of a BAHD acyl transferase-like protein in plant innate immunity. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Glutathione transferase (GST) kappa, also named mitochondrial GST, is a very ancient protein family with orthologs in bacteria and eukaryotes. (nih.gov)
- O -GlcNAc transferase (OGT) regulates a wide range of cellular processes through the addition of the O- GlcNAc sugar moiety to thousands of protein substrates. (jneurosci.org)
- Dynamic interplay between catalytic and lectin domains of GalNAc-transferases modulates protein O-glycosylation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Protein O-glycosylation is controlled by polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) that uniquely feature both a catalytic and lectin domain. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Zusätzlich bieten wir Ihnen 3-Oxoacid CoA Transferase 1 Proteine (9) und 3-Oxoacid CoA Transferase 1 Kits (4) und viele weitere Produktgruppen zu diesem Protein an. (antikoerper-online.de)
Characterization5
- Identification, characterization and crystal structure of the omega class glutathione transferases. (springer.com)
- Here we report the identification and characterization of human GOAT, the ghrelin O -acyl transferase. (pnas.org)
- Pemble S, Schroeder KR, Spencer SR, Meyer DJ, Hallier E, Bolt HM, Ketterer B, Taylor JB: Human glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1): cDNA cloning and the characterization of a genetic polymorphism. (drugbank.ca)
- Sprenger R, Schlagenhaufer R, Kerb R, Bruhn C, Brockmoller J, Roots I, Brinkmann U: Characterization of the glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 deletion: discrimination of all genotypes by polymerase chain reaction indicates a trimodular genotype-phenotype correlation. (drugbank.ca)
- In this study, we report the cloning, expression and characterization of the glutathione transferase isoenzyme P1-1 gene from Camelus dromedarius (CdGSTP1-1). (thefreedictionary.com)
Superfamily2
- The glycosyl transferase module is linked, via a short junction site, to the amino end of a Q447-N844 acyl transferase module, which possesses the catalytic centre-defining motifs of the penicilloyl serine transferases superfamily. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Glutathione S -transferase-μ1, GSTM1, belongs to a superfamily of glutathione S -transferases that metabolizes a broad range of reactive oxygen species and xenobiotics. (ahajournals.org)
Hepatic glutathione S-transfera2
- Human hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunits were characterized and quantified with the aid of a recently developed h.p.l.c. method. (biochemj.org)
- Scott K, George S & Leaver M (1992) Regulation of hepatic glutathione S-transferase expression in flounder, Marine Environmental Research , 34 (1-4), pp. 233-236. (stir.ac.uk)
Detoxification4
- The role of human glutathione S-transferases (hGSTs) in the detoxification of the food-derived carcinogen metabolite N -acetoxy-PhIP, and the effect of a polymorphism in hGSTA1 on colorectal cancer risk. (springer.com)
- Glutathion-S-transferases (GST) are a group of enzymes, which are involved in the detoxification processes. (bio-medicine.org)
- Glutathione S-transferases are a family of biotransformation enzymes involved in the detoxification of cytotoxic and carcinogenic compounds, that may function in the prevention of carcinogenesis. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a gene family generally associated with detoxification and plays an important role in detoxifying exogenous compounds. (bioone.org)
Conjugation6
- Enzymatic conjugation of chlorambucil with glutathione by human glutathione S -transferases and inhibition by ethacrynic acid. (springer.com)
- Glutathione-S-transferases are a complex group of enzymes which mediate the conjugation of compounds with glutathione. (archive.org)
- Glutathione transferases (GST) are essentially known as enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of glutathione to various electrophilic compounds such as chemical carcinogens, environmental pollutants, and antitumor agents. (hindawi.com)
- Glutathione S-transferase (GST) catalyzes the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to a variety of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. (proteopedia.org)
- Glutathione S-transferase A1-1 (40 μM) also increased the conjugation of phosphoramide mustard and GSH (both 1 mM) 2- fold, while the other major human isoenzymes, A2-2, M1a-1a, and P1-1, did not influence the formation of monochloromonoglutathionylphosphoramide mustard. (tudelft.nl)
- The glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes catalyse the conjugation of xenobiotics to glutathione. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Farnesyl transferas4
- RxPG] The new Hopkins research, and similar results from other labs, shows that a class of drugs known as farnesyl transferase inhibitors, or FTIs, can reverse an abnormality in laboratory-grown cells engineered to mimic cells from progeria patients. (rxpgnews.com)
- The class of farnesyl transferase inhibitors is designed to block farnesylation and prevent the mature ras signaling and thus inhibit cell proliferation and facilitate apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
- Multiple agents that inhibit farnesylation have been developed, and two farnesyl transferase inhibitors have been tested in patients with lung cancer in three Phase II trials. (aacrjournals.org)
- Multiple farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs) have been developed to prevent the covalent linkage of the farnesyl group to the ras family of proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Polypeptide GalNac Transferase4
- We offer Polypeptide GalNac Transferase 4/GALNT4 Lysates for use in common research applications: Western Blot. (novusbio.com)
- Each Polypeptide GalNac Transferase 4/GALNT4 Lysate is fully covered by our Guarantee+, to give you complete peace of mind and the support when you need it. (novusbio.com)
- Our Polypeptide GalNac Transferase 4/GALNT4 Lysates can be used in a variety of model species. (novusbio.com)
- Polypeptide GalNAc Transferase 3/GALNT3 " has 2 results in Products. (rndsystems.com)
Proteins2
GSTM12
- We examined associations for glutathione S- transferases M1 ( GSTM1 ), T1 ( GSTT1 ), and P1 ( GSTP1 ) genotypes and breast cancer in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based, case-control study in North Carolina. (aacrjournals.org)
- As BU is mainly metabolized by glutathione S -transferase (GST), we investigated the relationship between GSTA1 , GSTM1 and GSTP1 genotypes with first-dose BU PKs, and the relationship with HSCT outcomes in 69 children receiving myeloablative conditioning regimen. (nature.com)
Polymorphisms2
- Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases in French vinyl chloride workers. (cdc.gov)
- Association of genetic polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase Pi locus with prostate cancer. (ebscohost.com)
Catalyzed by glutathione1
- It has been found that monochlorobimane readily enters cells to form a fluorescent GSH mono-chlorobimane adduct that can be measured fluorometrically and that this reaction is catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase. (abcam.com)
Expression of glutathione3
- We previously reported that high expression of glutathione S -transferase M4 (GSTM4) in primary tumors correlates with poor patient outcomes. (frontiersin.org)
- The effect of the dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense , on relative expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) transcripts was examined in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus . (plos.org)
- Expression of glutathione transferase pi as a predictor for treatment results at different stages of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. (thefreedictionary.com)
Acyl transferase3
- GOAT is a conserved orphan membrane-bound O -acyl transferase (MBOAT) that specifically octanoylates serine-3 of the ghrelin peptide. (pnas.org)
- In in vitro assays with the lipid precursor and in the presence of penicillin at concentrations sufficient to derivatize the active-site serine 510 of the acyl transferase, the rate of glycan chain synthesis is unmodified, showing that the functioning of the glycosyl transferase is acyl transferase independent. (ingentaconnect.com)
- The acyl transferase of the PBP also catalyses aminolysis and hydrolysis of properly structured thiolesters, but it lacks activity ond-alanyl-d-alanine-terminated peptides. (ingentaconnect.com)
Acetyl transferase3
- Acetyl transferase. (bio.net)
- Has anyone worked with the yeast acetyl transferase? (bio.net)
- A peroxisomal-specific pathway for acetyl-CoA transport requiring peroxisomal carnitine acetyl transferase (CAT) activity has been identified in Magnaporthe grisea peroxisomes. (apsnet.org)
Peptidyl transferase2
- In this case, an amino acid chain is the functional group transferred by a peptidyl transferase. (wikipedia.org)
- peptidyl transferase center? (biology-online.org)
Nucleotidyl transferase1
- For example, RNA Polymerase is the modern common name for what was formerly known as RNA nucleotidyltransferase, a kind of nucleotidyl transferase that transfers nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing RNA strand. (wikipedia.org)
Liver7
- Mainwaring GW, Williams SM, Foster JR, Tugwood J, Green T: The distribution of theta-class glutathione S-transferases in the liver and lung of mouse, rat and human. (drugbank.ca)
- BU is primarily metabolized by liver glutathione S -transferase enzymes (GST), predominantly by GSTA1. (nature.com)
- Gamma glutamyl transferase which is also known as GGT and glutamyl-transpeptidase shows the state of liver health. (griphyn.org)
- Since it is synthesized mostly by the liver, any abnormality of liver functioning leads to raised levels of gamma glutamyl transferase (along with other liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase). (griphyn.org)
- Gamma glutamyl transferase test is one of the principal tools that doctors use to prevent liver damage. (griphyn.org)
- The major glutathione S-transferase isoform of flounder liver, an antigenically related structural homologue of plaice GST-A, also displays mRNA homology. (stir.ac.uk)
- Weight loss and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: falls in gamma-glutamyl transferase concentrations are associated with histologic improvement. (semanticscholar.org)
Classification1
- Classification of transferases continues to this day, with new ones being discovered frequently. (wikipedia.org)
Encodes2
- Namely, the A allele encodes A transferase, which transfers a GalNAc to the H antigen. (google.com)
- Similarly, the B allele encodes B transferase, which transfers a galactose molecule to the H antigen to synthesize the B antigen. (google.com)
Carnitine2
- Carnitine palmitoyl transferase type 2 (CPT2) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- What is carnitine palmityl transferase deficiency (CPT deficiency)? (mda.org)
Cytosolic glutathione1
- Danielson UH, Mannervik B. Kinetic independence of the subunits of cytosolic glutathione transferase from the rat. (springer.com)
GalNAc1
- ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM LECTURE SLIDE 207: In addition to the alpha 1, 3 GalNAc (galactose) transferases such as A and B transferases, there are more than a hundred genes encoding glycosyltransferases with different specificities. (google.com)
Catalyse1
- Transferases are defined as enzymes that catalyse the transfer of one functional group from one molecule (donor) to another (acceptor). (archive.org)
Activity14
- Three examples of these reactions are the activity of coenzyme A (CoA) transferase, which transfers thiol esters, the action of N-acetyltransferase, which is part of the pathway that metabolizes tryptophan, and the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA. (wikipedia.org)
- Group" would be the functional group transferred as a result of transferase activity. (wikipedia.org)
- Earliest discoveries of transferase activity occurred in other classifications of enzymes, including Beta-galactosidase, protease, and acid/base phosphatase. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition to A and B transferases, there are other glycosyltransferases with α1-3 Gal(NAc) transferase activity/specificity. (google.com)
- This substrate specificity suggests that carbonyl donor activity requires the attachment of the pentapeptides to the glycan chains made by the glycosyl transferase, and it implies that one and the same PBP molecule catalyses transglycosylation and peptide cross-linking in a sequential manner. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Provides reagents and methods to simply and quickly measure glutathione transferase activity in live cells, tissues or cell lysate samples. (abcam.com)
- Shokeer A, Mannervik B: Residue 234 is a master switch of the alternative-substrate activity profile of human and rodent theta class glutathione transferase T1-1. (drugbank.ca)
- One of the physiological significances of this lies in the observation that cancer cells resistant to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents have higher levels of GSH and high glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. (tudelft.nl)
- A glutathione S-transferase with activity towards cis-1,2- dichloroepoxyethane is involved in isoprene utilization by Rhodococcus sp. (tudelft.nl)
- Biochemically, it is characterized by high uric acid concentrations in blood, high uric acid and hypoxanthine excretion in urine, and decreased activity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase activity (HGPRT). (biomedsearch.com)
- Moreover, we demonstrate that suppression of the temperature-sensitive phenotype of strain LH530 upon overexpression of AcpT is not due to its phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity and that AcpT overexpression also suppresses the lethality of yejM null mutants. (genetics.org)
- Glutathione s transferase and hydrolytic activity in a tetrachlorvinphos-resistant strain of housefly and their influence on resistance. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Glutathione transferases structure and catalytic activity. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Prognostic value of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity after myocardial infarction. (semanticscholar.org)
Deficiency3
- Partial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency without elevated urinary hypoxanthine excretion. (biomedsearch.com)
- Partial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) deficiency, also known as the Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome, can give rise to a wide range of neurological symptoms, and renal insufficiency. (biomedsearch.com)
- 3-ketoacid CoA transferase ( SCOT ) deficiency causes episodic ketoacidotic crises and no apparent symptoms between them. (antikoerper-online.de)
Molecular1
- Caracterização molecular da glutationa S-transferase de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum. (usp.br)
SERUM1
- Ultrasensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of glutathione transferase a in serum. (thefreedictionary.com)
Gamma5
- A gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- Su nombre correcto en textos médicos es gamma-glutamil-transpeptidasa. (proz.com)
- Don't worry about it since I am going to reveal all about gamma glutamyl transferase. (griphyn.org)
- The main function of gamma glutamyl transferase is to transfer amino acids between cells. (griphyn.org)
- Gamma glutamyl transferase and metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and mortality risk: the Framingham Heart Study. (semanticscholar.org)
Subunits2
- 1. Multiple forms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes present in human tissues are dimers of subunits belonging to three distinct gene families namely alpha, mu and pi. (nih.gov)
- 2. These subunits are differentially expressed in a tissue-specific manner and the composition of glutathione S-transferases in various tissues differs significantly. (nih.gov)
Glycosyl3
- A transferase is any one of a class of enzymes that enact the transfer of specific functional groups (e.g. a methyl or glycosyl group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). (wikipedia.org)
- This segment is linked, via an ≅ 100-amino-acid insert, to a D198-G435 glycosyl transferase module that possesses the five motifs characteristic of the PBPs of class A. In in vitro assays, the glycosyl transferase of the PBP catalyses the synthesis of linear glycan chains from the lipid carrier with an efficiency of ≅ 39 000 M −1 s −1 . (ingentaconnect.com)
- The glycosyl transferase module of PBP1b, the lysozymes and the lytic transglycosylase Slt70 have much the same catalytic machinery. (ingentaconnect.com)
Alanine2
- Fluoride induced increase in the activities of Alanine and Aspartate transferases were reported (Miszta and Dabrowski, 1986), in Wistan rats. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Effect of fluoride on aspertate and alanine amino transferase activities in the fresh water fish, Clarias batrachus (linn. (thefreedictionary.com)
Isoenzymes2
- In this paper we describe the involvement of purified human glutathione S-transferases isoenzymes GST A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a, and P1-1 in the formation of two types of glutathionyl conjugates of cyclophosphamide, i.e., 4-glutathionylcyclophosphamide (4-GSCP) and monochloromonoglutathionylphosphoramide mustard. (tudelft.nl)
- 1. Four different rat glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes, belonging to three different classes, were examined for their GSH conjugating capacity towards 11 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene derivatives. (tudelft.nl)
Class6
- [12] [13] Therefore, if a human glutathione S -transferase is a homodimer in the pi-class subfamily 1, its name will be written as "hGSTP1-1. (wikipedia.org)
- Beuckmann CT, Fujimori K, Urade Y, Hayaishi O. Identification of mu-class glutathione transferases M2-2 and M3-3 as cytosolic prostaglandin E synthases in the human brain. (springer.com)
- Theta, a new class of glutathione transferases purified from rat and man. (uniprot.org)
- Transferases ( EC 2.x.x.x ) are a class of enzymes that transfer the specific functional groups from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). (creative-enzymes.com)
- Liu, Crystallographic and Mechanistic Studies of Class Mu Glutathione S- Transferases , in Proceedings of the International Meeting on Structure and Function of Glutathione Transferases , K. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Microsomal and alpha-class glutathione transferases were also induced transcriptionally. (thefreedictionary.com)
GENE EXPRESSION1
- Glutathione S-transferase copy number variation alters lung gene expression. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Endogenous1
- Sfp is a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl (PPant) transferase endogenous to B. Subtilis , first crystallized in 1999 [1]. (proteopedia.org)
Genotypes1
- We assessed association of the genotypes of Glutathione S-transferases Omega-1 (GSTO1) A140D with ethnicity in China. (ebscohost.com)
Anopheles2
- Crystallographic structure of glutathione S-transferase from Anopheles cracens . (wikipedia.org)
- The crystal structures of glutathione S-transferases isozymes 1-3 and 1-4 from Anopheles dirus species B. (rcsb.org)
Substrate1
- Structure of the xenobiotic substrate binding site of rat glutathione S-transferase mu 1 bound to the GSH adduct of phenanthrene -9,10-oxide. (wikipedia.org)
Structural1
- Oakley A. Glutathione transferases: a structural perspective. (proteopedia.org)