Transfection. Medical search

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Strongly cationic polymer that binds to certain proteins; used as a marker in immunology, to precipitate and purify enzymes and lipids. Synonyms: aziridine polymer; Epamine; Epomine; ethylenimine polymer; Montrek; PEI; Polymin(e).

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

A technique in which electric pulses of intensity in kilovolts per centimeter and of microsecond-to-millisecond duration cause a temporary loss of the semipermeability of CELL MEMBRANES, thus leading to ion leakage, escape of metabolites, and increased uptake by cells of drugs, molecular probes, and DNA.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A peptide which is a homopolymer of lysine.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

High molecular weight insoluble polymers which contain functional anionic groups that are capable of undergoing exchange reactions with cations.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

DNA that is complementary to the sense strand. (The sense strand has the same sequence as the mRNA transcript. The antisense strand is the template for mRNA synthesis.) Synthetic antisense DNAs are used to hybridize to complementary sequences in target RNAs or DNAs to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to an ethanolamine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and ethanolamine and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements, in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary for the initiation of transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral GENES.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Techniques where DNA is delivered directly into organelles at high speed using projectiles coated with nucleic acid, shot from a helium-powered gun (gene gun). One of these techniques involves immunization by DNA VACCINES, which delivers DNA-coated gold beads to the epidermis.

Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.

Short fragments of DNA or RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize.

Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

Relating to the size of solids.

Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.

Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

An electrophoretic technique for assaying the binding of one compound to another. Typically one compound is labeled to follow its mobility during electrophoresis. If the labeled compound is bound by the other compound, then the mobility of the labeled compound through the electrophoretic medium will be retarded.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.

Genes whose gain-of-function alterations lead to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. They include, for example, genes for activators or stimulators of CELL PROLIFERATION such as growth factors, growth factor receptors, protein kinases, signal transducers, nuclear phosphoproteins, and transcription factors. A prefix of "v-" before oncogene symbols indicates oncogenes captured and transmitted by RETROVIRUSES; the prefix "c-" before the gene symbol of an oncogene indicates it is the cellular homolog (PROTO-ONCOGENES) of a v-oncogene.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

A continuous cell line of high contact-inhibition established from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures. The cells are useful for DNA transfection and transformation studies. (From ATCC [Internet]. Virginia: American Type Culture Collection; c2002 [cited 2002 Sept 26]. Available from http://www.atcc.org/)

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.

A genus of the family Muridae consisting of eleven species. C. migratorius, the grey or Armenian hamster, and C. griseus, the Chinese hamster, are the two species used in biomedical research.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Used as a support for ion-exchange chromatography.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

A subfield of acoustics dealing in the radio frequency range higher than acoustic SOUND waves (approximately above 20 kilohertz). Ultrasonic radiation is used therapeutically (DIATHERMY and ULTRASONIC THERAPY) to generate HEAT and to selectively destroy tissues. It is also used in diagnostics, for example, ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; and ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, to visually display echoes received from irradiated tissues.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5.

Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Proteins that are coded by immediate-early genes, in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The term was originally used exclusively for viral regulatory proteins that were synthesized just after viral integration into the host cell. It is also used to describe cellular proteins which are synthesized immediately after the resting cell is stimulated by extracellular signals.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Short fragments of DNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A cultured line of C3H mouse FIBROBLASTS that do not adhere to one another and do not express CADHERINS.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. This catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. The enzyme has a preference for double-stranded DNA.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Small encapsulated gas bubbles (diameters of micrometers) that can be used as CONTRAST MEDIA, and in other diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Upon exposure to sufficiently intense ultrasound, microbubbles will cavitate, rupture, disappear, release gas content. Such characteristics of the microbubbles can be used to enhance diagnostic tests, dissolve blood clots, and deliver drugs or genes for therapy.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The sequence at the 3' end of messenger RNA that does not code for product. This region contains transcription and translation regulating sequences.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells.

The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).

Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.

The region of DNA which borders the 5' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21.

A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.

A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. DNA footprinting utilizes a DNA damaging agent (either a chemical reagent or a nuclease) which cleaves DNA at every base pair. DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

A CELL LINE derived from human T-CELL LEUKEMIA and used to determine the mechanism of differential susceptibility to anti-cancer drugs and radiation.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE both in the homozygous and the heterozygous state.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

A group of simple proteins that yield basic amino acids on hydrolysis and that occur combined with nucleic acid in the sperm of fish. Protamines contain very few kinds of amino acids. Protamine sulfate combines with heparin to form a stable inactive complex; it is used to neutralize the anticoagulant action of heparin in the treatment of heparin overdose. (From Merck Index, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p692)

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).

Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

Compound such as LUMINESCENT PROTEINS that cause or emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE).

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-jun genes (GENES, JUN). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. There appear to be three distinct functions: dimerization (with c-fos), DNA-binding, and transcriptional activation. Oncogenic transformation can take place by constitutive expression of c-jun.

A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver-specific metabolic functions.

A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

11q23.1 and 11q25-qter YACs suppress tumour growth in vivo. (1/63574)

Frequent allelic deletion at chromosome 11q22-q23.1 has been described in breast cancer and a number of other malignancies, suggesting putative tumour suppressor gene(s) within the approximately 8 Mb deleted region. In addition, we recently described another locus, at the 11q25-qter region, frequently deleted in breast cancer, suggesting additional tumour suppressor gene(s) in this approximately 2 Mb deleted region. An 11q YAC contig was accessed and three YACs, one containing the candidate gene ATM at 11q23.1, and two contiguous YACs (overlapping for approximately 400-600 kb) overlying most of the 11q25 deleted region, were retrofitted with a G418 resistance marker and transfected into murine A9 fibrosarcoma cells. Selected A9 transfectant clones (and control untransfected and 'irrelevant' alphoid YAC transfectant A9 clones) were assayed for in vivo tumorigenicity in athymic female Balb c-nu/nu mice. All the 11q YAC transfectant clones demonstrated significant tumour suppression compared to the control untransfected and 'irrelevant' YAC transfected A9 cells. These results define two discrete tumour suppressor loci on chromosome 11q by functional complementation, one to a approximately 1.2 Mb region on 11q23.1 (containing the ATM locus) and another to a approximately 400-600 kb subterminal region on 11q25-qter. (+info)

TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. (2/63574)

We report the cloning and characterization of a novel member of the Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) gene family, human TIF1gamma. Similar to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, the structure of TIF1beta is characterized by multiple domains: RING finger, B boxes, Coiled coil, PHD/TTC, and bromodomain. Although structurally related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, TIF1gamma presents several functional differences. In contrast to TIF1alpha, but like TIF1beta, TIF1 does not interact with nuclear receptors in yeast two-hybrid or GST pull-down assays and does not interfere with retinoic acid response in transfected mammalian cells. Whereas TIF1alpha and TIF1beta were previously found to interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 and with the HP1alpha, MODI (HP1beta) and MOD2 (HP1gamma) heterochromatinic proteins, suggesting that they may participate in a complex involved in heterochromatin-induced gene repression, TIF1gamma does not interact with either the KRAB domain of KOX1 or the HP1 proteins. Nevertheless, TIF1gamma, like TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, exhibits a strong silencing activity when tethered to a promoter. Since deletion of a novel motif unique to the three TIF1 proteins, called TIF1 signature sequence (TSS), abrogates transcriptional repression by TIF1gamma, this motif likely participates in TIF1 dependent repression. (+info)

Expression of the naturally occurring truncated trkB neurotrophin receptor induces outgrowth of filopodia and processes in neuroblastoma cells. (3/63574)

We have investigated the effects of the truncated trkB receptor isoform T1 (trkB.T1) by transient transfection into mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells. We observed that expression of trkB.T1 leads to a striking change in cell morphology characterized by outgrowth of filopodia and processes. A similar morphological response was also observed in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and NIH3T3 fibroblasts transfected with trkB.T1. N2a cells lack endogenous expression of trkB isoforms, but express barely detectable amounts of its ligands, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). The morphological change was ligand-independent, since addition of exogenous BDNF or NT-4 or blockade of endogenous trkB ligands did not influence this response. Filopodia and process outgrowth was significantly suppressed when full-length trkB.TK+ was cotransfected together with trkB.T1 and this inhibitory effect was blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a. Transfection of trkB.T1 deletion mutants showed that the morphological response is dependent on the extracellular, but not the intracellular domain of the receptor. Our results suggest a novel ligand-independent role for truncated trkB in the regulation of cellular morphology. (+info)

B-MYB transactivates its own promoter through SP1-binding sites. (4/63574)

B-MYB is an ubiquitous protein required for mammalian cell growth. In this report we show that B-MYB transactivates its own promoter through a 120 bp segment proximal to the transcription start site. The B-MYB-responsive element does not contain myb-binding sites and gel-shift analysis shows that SP1, but not B-MYB, protein contained in SAOS2 cell extracts binds to the 120 bp B-myb promoter fragment. B-MYB-dependent transactivation is cooperatively increased in the presence of SP1, but not SP3 overexpression. When the SP1 elements of the B-myb promoter are transferred in front of a heterologous promoter, an increased response to B-MYB results. In contrast, c-MYB, the prototype member of the Myb family, is not able to activate the luciferase construct containing the SP1 elements. With the use of an SP1-GAL4 fusion protein, we have determined that the cooperative activation occurs through the domain A of SP1. These observations suggest that B-MYB functions as a coactivator of SP1, and that diverse combinations of myb and SP1 sites may dictate the responsiveness of myb-target genes to the various members of the myb family. (+info)

Arrestin function in G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis requires phosphoinositide binding. (5/63574)

Internalization of agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptors is mediated by non-visual arrestins, which also bind to clathrin and are therefore thought to act as adaptors in the endocytosis process. Phosphoinositides have been implicated in the regulation of intracellular receptor trafficking, and are known to bind to other coat components including AP-2, AP180 and COPI coatomer. Given these observations, we explored the possibility that phosphoinositides play a role in arrestin's function as an adaptor. High-affinity binding sites for phosphoinositides in beta-arrestin (arrestin2) and arrestin3 (beta-arrestin2) were identified, and dissimilar effects of phosphoinositide and inositol phosphate on arrestin interactions with clathrin and receptor were characterized. Alteration of three basic residues in arrestin3 abolished phosphoinositide binding with complete retention of clathrin and receptor binding. Unlike native protein, upon agonist activation, this mutant arrestin3 expressed in COS1 cells neither supported beta2-adrenergic receptor internalization nor did it concentrate in coated pits, although it was recruited to the plasma membrane. These findings indicate that phosphoinositide binding plays a critical regulatory role in delivery of the receptor-arrestin complex to coated pits, perhaps by providing, with activated receptor, a multi-point attachment of arrestin to the plasma membrane. (+info)

The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (6/63574)

The extracellular receptor stimulated kinase ERK2 (p42(MAPK))-phosphorylated human cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D3 at Ser579 and profoundly reduced ( approximately 75%) its activity. These effects could be reversed by the action of protein phosphatase PP1. The inhibitory state of PDE4D3, engendered by ERK2 phosphorylation, was mimicked by the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3. In COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3, challenge with epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused the phosphorylation and inhibition of PDE4D3. This effect was blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and was not apparent using the Ser579-->Ala mutant form of PDE4D3. Challenge of HEK293 and F442A cells with EGF led to the PD98059-ablatable inhibition of endogenous PDE4D3 and PDE4D5 activities. EGF challenge of COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3 increased cAMP levels through a process ablated by PD98059. The activity of the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3 was increased by PKA phosphorylation. The transient form of the EGF-induced inhibition of PDE4D3 is thus suggested to be due to feedback regulation by PKA causing the ablation of the ERK2-induced inhibition of PDE4D3. We identify a novel means of cross-talk between the cAMP and ERK signalling pathways whereby cell stimuli that lead to ERK2 activation may modulate cAMP signalling. (+info)

Coupling of the cell cycle and myogenesis through the cyclin D1-dependent interaction of MyoD with cdk4. (7/63574)

Proliferating myoblasts express the muscle determination factor, MyoD, throughout the cell cycle in the absence of differentiation. Here we show that a mitogen-sensitive mechanism, involving the direct interaction between MyoD and cdk4, restricts myoblast differentiation to cells that have entered into the G0 phase of the cell cycle under mitogen withdrawal. Interaction between MyoD and cdk4 disrupts MyoD DNA-binding, muscle-specific gene activation and myogenic conversion of 10T1/2 cells independently of cyclin D1 and the CAK activation of cdk4. Forced induction of cyclin D1 in myotubes results in the cytoplasmic to nuclear translocation of cdk4. The specific MyoD-cdk4 interaction in dividing myoblasts, coupled with the cyclin D1-dependent nuclear targeting of cdk4, suggests a mitogen-sensitive mechanism whereby cyclin D1 can regulate MyoD function and the onset of myogenesis by controlling the cellular location of cdk4 rather than the phosphorylation status of MyoD. (+info)

Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers. (8/63574)

Gene expression in higher eukaryotes appears to be regulated by specific combinations of transcription factors binding to regulatory sequences. The Ets factor PU.1 and the IRF protein Pip (IRF-4) represent a pair of interacting transcription factors implicated in regulating B cell-specific gene expression. Pip is recruited to its binding site on DNA by phosphorylated PU.1. PU.1-Pip interaction is shown to be template directed and involves two distinct protein-protein interaction surfaces: (i) the ets and IRF DNA-binding domains; and (ii) the phosphorylated PEST region of PU.1 and a lysine-requiring putative alpha-helix in Pip. Thus, a coordinated set of protein-protein and protein-DNA contacts are essential for PU.1-Pip ternary complex assembly. To analyze the function of these factors in vivo, we engineered chimeric repressors containing the ets and IRF DNA-binding domains connected by a flexible POU domain linker. When stably expressed, the wild-type fused dimer strongly repressed the expression of a rearranged immunoglobulin lambda gene, thereby establishing the functional importance of PU.1-Pip complexes in B cell gene expression. Comparative analysis of the wild-type dimer with a series of mutant dimers distinguished a gene regulated by PU.1 and Pip from one regulated by PU.1 alone. This strategy should prove generally useful in analyzing the function of interacting transcription factors in vivo, and for identifying novel genes regulated by such complexes. (+info)

"Polyplus transfection". CNRS. "Les quinze lauréats de la Médaille d'argent du CNRS 1998". cnrs.fr. Archived from the original ... These vectors are widely used as transfection agents for animal cells in culture, but also as drug-gene carriers in clinical ... To this end, he founded two biotechnology companies, Eurothéra (1994-97) and Polyplus-transfection (2001). Research & Sharing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Behr

Kingston, Robert E.; Chen, Claudia A.; Rose, John K. (2003). "Calcium Phosphate Transfection". Current Protocols in Molecular ... lipid-mediated DNA-transfection procedure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 84 (21): 7413-7417. doi:10.1073/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_construct

Membrane activity and transfection ability of amphipathic polycations as a function of alkyl group size. Bioconjug Chem. 2005 ... These innovations also served as the basis for the company's transfection formulations and nucleic acid labeling and ... Mirus Bio LLC (formerly Mirus Bio Corporation), develops and manufactures transfection reagents, electroporation solutions and ... new chemistries for transfection [9]; development of a non-viral vector providing sustained liver-specific transgene expression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirus_Bio

The term can also be understood as DNA transfection using a viral vector. Viral transformation can occur both naturally and ... Transduction Transfection Transgenesis Baron, ed. by Samuel (1996). "Effects on Cells". Medical microbiology (4. ed.). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_transformation

This could result in a PAMAM-DNA complex, which would make DNA transfection more efficient due to neutralization of the charges ... As with drug delivery applications, specific targeting of the transfection complex is ideal and must be explored as well. ... Although viral vectors can offer highly specific, high-efficiency transfection, the generation of such viruses is costly and ... Indeed, several reports have confirmed PAMAM dendrimers as effective DNA transfection agents. When the charge balance between ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(amidoamine)

Transfection is often accomplished by introducing vectors into a cell. Once internalized, the fusion protein nicks the target ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_editing

Signal transduction Transfection - means of inserting DNA into a cell. Transformation (genetics) - means of inserting DNA into ... This plasmid is inserted (usually by transfection) into a producer cell together with other plasmids (DNA constructs) that ... so that simultaneous transfection of multiple plasmids is required to get infectious virions. Moreover, only the plasmid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction_(genetics)

... was created in Michele Calos's lab at Stanford by stable transfection of the HEK 293 cell line with a plasmid encoding a ... The transfection used to create 293T (involving plasmid pRSV-1609) conferred neomycin/G418 resistance and expression of the ... "Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90 (18): 8392-8396. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/293T

This method of transfection was invented by Dr. Yongliang Chu. Lipofection Transfection Vectors in gene therapy Cationic ... It is used to increase the transfection efficiency of RNA (including mRNA and siRNA) or plasmid DNA into in vitro cell cultures ... But also in non-dividing cells, research has shown that Lipofectamine improves the efficiency of transfection, which suggests ... Lipofectamine or Lipofectamine 2000 is a common transfection reagent, produced and sold by Invitrogen, used in molecular and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipofectamine

Presently there are difficulties with conventional methods of transfection that result in low delivery efficiency. In order to ... Delivery of AMOs requires in vitro transfection into target cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-miRNA_oligonucleotides

August 2005). "Lentiviral transfection with the PDGF-B gene improves diabetic wound healing". Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 116 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentivirus

This transformation in malignant tumors can be induced by transfection of various oncogenes. During transformation, tumor cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_(cancer)

"Large-scale cDNA transfection screening for genes related to cancer development and progression". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SH3GLB2

Two virus-free isolates were successfully infected by purified TmPV1 using protoplast transfection. Mice challenged with TmPV1- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaromyces_marneffei

2004). "Large-scale cDNA transfection screening for genes related to cancer development and progression". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAL3ST4

There are a large number of types of cellular microarrays: Reverse transfection cell microarrays. David M. Sabatini's ... laboratory developed reverse-transfection cell microarrays at the Whitehead Institute, publishing their work in 2001. PMHC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_microarray

Transfection of N-cad/CTF2 decreases nuclear CBP (CREB-binding protein) and increases cytosolic CBP. Furthermore, N-cad/CTF2 co ... and transfection of N-cadherin or α-catenin reverses this effect. Additionally, treating neurons with NMDAR agonist causes ... with CBP, and transfection of N-cad/CTF2 reduces CBP steady state levels, consequently impairing CREB-containing DNA complex ... cleavage of the β-catenin N-terminus, and the C-terminal fragments translocate to the nucleus, where, as transfection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadherin–catenin_complex_in_learning_and_memory

Transfection of DNA into these cells also triggered Rae1 expression that was dependent on STING. In this model, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGAS–STING_cytosolic_DNA_sensing_pathway

"Transfection of haloarchaea by the DNAs of spindle and round haloviruses and the use of transposon mutagenesis to identify non- ... Transfection of host cells (Haloarcula hispanica) by His2 DNA was demonstrated by Porter et al. (2008), who showed that ... Once transfection had been established, it was possible to develop a system for mutagenesis, and the same publication described ... Transfection of the reaction products recovered virus recombinants with insertions, and mapping of these located regions of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salterprovirus

Yankner, BA; Benowitz, LI; Villa-Komaroff, L; Neve, RL (1990). "Transfection of the human GAP-43 gene in PC12 cells: effects on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydia_Villa-Komaroff

In studies, researchers succeeded in the transfection of cells ex-vivo with cytokine-genes, e.g. IL-2. Gene-modified CIK cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine-induced_killer_cell

Transfection[edit]. Bacterial spheroplasts, with suitable recombinant DNA inserted into it, can be used to transfect animal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroplast

For such genomes this method is a form of transfection and not a real transformation, since the inserted genes never reach the ... Introduction of DNA into animal cells is usually called transfection, and is discussed in the corresponding article. The ... "transfection". As of 2014 about 80 species of bacteria were known to be capable of transformation, about evenly divided between ... "transfection". Transformation in bacteria was first demonstrated in 1928 by the British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_(genetics)

"Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by simple transient transfection of plasmid DNA encoding reprogramming ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Examples_of_in_vitro_transdifferentiation_by_lineage-instructive_approach

The use of liposomes for transformation or transfection of DNA into a host cell is known as lipofection. In addition to gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liposome

For further application, IVT mRNA was optimized for in situ transfections of DCs in vivo. It improved the translation ... the viral vectors based delivery is the most advantageous among different delivery systems because it has a high transfection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_therapeutics

The planned system will use an LED array, a video camera, optogenetics, adeno-associated virus transfection, and eye tracking. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_prosthesis

These constructs are referred to as "infectious clones", as transfection of the BAC construct into host cells is sufficient to ... They are transferred over to these genetic disease models by electroporation/transformation, transfection with a suitable virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_artificial_chromosome

... has been adapted to all types of nucleic acids (DNA, siRNA, dsRNA, shRNA, mRNA, ODN), non viral transfection ... Magnetofection is a simple and highly efficient transfection method that uses magnetic fields to concentrate particles ... Consequently, membrane architecture and structure stays intact, in contrast to other physical transfection methods that damage ... and primary neuron transfection as well as viral applications. The magnetic nanoparticles are made of iron oxide, which is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetofection

Goff, S. P.; Tabin, C. J.; Wang, J. Y.; Weinberg, R; Baltimore, D (1982). "Transfection of fibroblasts by cloned Abelson murine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Tabin

GeneXPlus Transfection Reagent. GeneXPlus Transfection Reagent is designed to efficiently transfect a broad spectrum of cell ... TransfeX™ Transfection Reagent. TransfeX™ Transfection Reagent has been optimized for use on a wide range of cell types, ... Our transfection reagents are cationic lipid-based; due to their positive charge, these transfection reagents interact with the ... ATCC® Transfection reagents may be used for the transfer of nucleic acids for a variety of applications, including protein ...

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To date, all my transfections were unsuccessfull. Does , anybody have any ideas why the transfections wont work? , , Thanks , ... Transfection problems. John Ladasky jladasky at pmgm.Stanford.EDU Thu Jan 29 18:50:09 EST 1998 *Previous message: Transfection ... construct using the calsium phosphate method of transfection. The DNA I , used for this transfection was isolated with ... Rentia I have used Promegas Wizard minipreps and maxipreps to prepare plasmid DNA that was suitable for transfection. The cell ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/methods/1998-January/064258.html

Transfection of RNA can be used either to induce protein expression, or to repress it using antisense or RNA interference (RNAi ... procedures.,/p, ,p,There are two types of transfection - transient and stable - suited to different experimental applications, ... p,Transfection - the delivery of DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells - is a powerful tool used to study and control gene ... Guidelines for transfection of DNA. Guidelines for transfection of RNA. Guidelines for transfection of siRNA. Performing ...

https://www.qiagen.com/is/service-and-support/learning-hub/molecular-biology-methods/transfection/

R2 Transfection Reagent is a two component non-liposomal reagent combination developed specifically for efficient transfection ... siRNA Transfection Guidelines: *The transfection of siRNA must be optimal in order to obtain maximum silencing of a target gene ... The transfection efficiency of plasmic DNA varies from cell line to cell line. For efficient DNA transfection we recommend the ... In order to easily estimate the efficiency of transfection of particular cell lines use Fluorescein-siRNA Transfection Control ...

https://www.neb.com/products/m2552-transpass-r2-transfection-reagent

Through careful optimization--e.g. choosing the right transfection agent and transfection method--high levels of transfection ... Low transfection efficiency and low cell viability are the most frequent causes of unsuccessful gene silencing experiments. ... efficiency can be achieved ,Optimizing,siRNA,Transfection,for,RNAi,biological,advanced biology technology,biology laboratory ... siPORT Amine Transfection Agent. 1 ml. 4510. siPORT NeoFX Transfection Agent. 0.4 ml. 4511. siPORT NeoFX Transfection Agent. 1 ...

http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-technology/Optimizing-siRNA-Transfection-for-RNAi-995-1/

... broad spectrum reagent that provides exceptional transfection of plasmid DNA into mammalian cells. ... GeneX Plus Transfection Reagent is a high-performance, animal-origin free, ... Transient transfection, stable transfection, gene expression, protein production, genetic manipulation. Suitable for ... GeneXPlus Transfection Reagent has been optimized for use with HEK293T/17 SF suspension cells (ATCC ACS-4500) and HEKPlus SFM ( ...

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Polyplus Transfection Licenses Kempbio For Mammalian Transient Transfection Technology - read this article along with other ... About Polyplus-transfection SA. Polyplus-transfection SA is a biotechnology company researching, developing, manufacturing and ... Polyplus Transfection Licenses Kempbio For Mammalian Transient Transfection Technology. Published: May 18, 2010 ... Polyplus-transfection recently extended its product offering to molecular biologists with the launch and commercialization of ...

https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/polyplus-transfection-licenses-b-kempbio-b-for-mammalian-transient-transfection-technology-/

Xfect Transfection reagent creates bio-degradable nanoparticles for superior transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA into ... Xfect Transfection Reagent produced ,40-fold higher transfection efficiency than Product L. This transfection reagent can also ... since most transfection reagents damage cells during transfection, simply using more of it is not an option. Xfect Transfection ... For ease of use, plasmid transfections can be carried out entirely in the presence of serum. The Xfect transfection protocol ...

http://www.clontech.com/US/Products/Transfection_and_Cell_Culture/Plasmid_Transfection/Xfect_Transfection_Reagent?sitex=10020:22372:US&PROD=0U8Ngsqw2zNr1uD7IGKv-nAa:S&PROD_pses=ZG570F162B2CFC1FE735C84F03B7F776568275990B5C003AAA9AF3B982601E28FC25503400E7285DAFE51399CAE01045FD39B75C57819A3C84

Strategies for the Preparation of Synthetic Transfection Vec ... DNA Synthetic Transfection Vectors Targeted siRNA Transfection ... Strategies for the Preparation of Synthetic Transfection Vectors, by Asier Unciti-Broceta, Matthew N. Bacon, and Mark Bradley. ... Hyperbranched Polyamines for Transfection, by Wiebke Fischer, Marcelo Calderon, and Rainer Haag. * ... Chemically Programmed Polymers for Targeted DNA and siRNA Transfection, by Eveline Edith Salcher and Ernst Wagner. * ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-16430-9

... and merge transfection and expression steps in bioprocessing. ... New transfection technologies abound. They are making it ... Transformative Times for Transfection. No Longer Mere Methodology, Transfection Is Being Integrated into New Applications ... "The biggest challenge is to try to optimize transfection on microcarriers," notes Dr. Rancourt. Transfection in the stirred- ... "But when a transfection experiment is performed, the phenotype is a spectrum that depends on where the gene may integrate into ...

https://www.genengnews.com/magazine/transformative-times-for-transfection/

To protect your privacy, your account will be locked after 6 failed attempts. After that, you will need to contact Customer Service to unlock your account.. You have 4 remaining attempts.. You have 3 remaining attempts.. You have 2 remaining attempts.. You have 1 remaining attempt.. Contact Customer Service ...

https://www.promega.com/resources/msds/msdss/e4000/e4882/

TransFast™ Reagent is more versatile than many other traditional transfection methods. ... Transfection Reagents TransFast™ Transfection Reagent. Fast, Efficient Transfection. *Transfect in 1 hour (or as little as 30 ... ViaFect™ Transfection Reagent. High-efficiency, low-toxicity transfection of many cell types, including iPS cells. ... ProFection® Mammalian Transfection System. Calcium phosphate-based method for stable or transient transfection of eukaryotic ...

https://www.promega.com/products/luciferase-assays/transfection-reagents/transfast-transfection-reagent/

... Vladimir Svetlov svetlov at oncology.wisc.edu Tue Aug 26 14:36:02 EST 1997 *Previous message: ... Good luck with transfection with DNA ligated in presence of EtBr. Yours, Pointless peasant Baldrick. *Previous message: ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/methods/1997-August/060431.html

... using various stock images to create a transfection vision)and Layout Design for the New Thermo Scientific Transfection Product ... Thermo Scientific Transfection Brochure & Cover Imagery. Created Cover Imagery (using various stock images to create a ... transfection vision)and Layout Design for the New Thermo Scientific Transfection Pr Read more. 7 ...

https://www.behance.net/gallery/11278241/Thermo-Scientific-Transfection-Brochure-Cover-Imagery

... kathy gately kathy.gately at ucg.ie Mon Jul 6 14:53:41 EST 1998 *Previous message: Smeared ... Hi, Has anybody transfected HepG2 cells with SV40-CAT or CMV enhanced tk-CAT? I have done several transfections and Ive used ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/methods/1998-July/068370.html

Transfection,Reagent,Handbook,biological,advanced biology technology,biology laboratory technology,biology device technology, ... For transfection of eukaryotic cells with RNA and siRNA Contents Kit Contents Storage and Stability Quality Control a href #Te, ... Optimizing siRNA Transfection. Guidelines for Transfection of siRNA Duplexes Using TransMessenger Transfection Reagent. ... TransMessenger Transfection Reagent. 2. Efficient DNA transfection of primary CNS neurons using TransMessenger Transfection ...

http://bio-medicine.org/biology-technology/TransMessenger-Transfection-Reagent-Handbook-723-1/

... a catheter arrangement with various embodiments for applying heat to a patients cells in vivo in order to improve transfection ... SMC transfection was performed using DNA coprecipitated with CaPO4. SMCs were immediately heated for up to 1 hour at 42 to 45 ... One technique for transfection of cells has used laser poration. This approach has been performed in vitro using a laser beam ... Other approaches to transfection of cells have included chemical methods or electrical poration used in a cell culture, but ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US6071276?dq=7,003,515

Transfection is the process of introducing certain nucleic acids into a eukaryotic cell by means other than a virus. While the ... Two main types of transfection exist: transient transfection and stable transfection. In transient transfection, the DNA is ... In stable transfections, the new DNA becomes part of the cells original DNA by either adding on to it or replacing a piece of ... Transfection is the process of introducing certain nucleic acids into a eukaryotic cell by means other than through a virus. ...

https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-transfection.htm

Or does it only matter at transfection? How do I know that my cells are in the mid log phase? How do i... ... confluent and preferably not in colonies for optimal transfection. I usually split my cells 24 hours before transfection. ... Should I always split my cells at their mid log phase? Or does it only matter at transfection? How do I know that my cells are ... Its all rough estimates, 80-100% means usually a full dish of cells, depending on the transfection methods and the cell lines ...

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/transfection-tissue-culture.67889/

... Leif Søndergaard lsunicph at biobase.dk Thu Sep 20 08:16:17 EST 2001 *Previous message: Want More Money? ... efficiency of transfection, cell death etc. Has anyone used this ,method and got it to work consistently well? Alternatively, ...

http://bio.net/bionet/mm/dros/2001-September/005992.html

Efficient expression of tetracycline-responsive gene following transfection of dentate gyrus neurons in vitro. ...

http://www.factbites.com/topics/Talk:Transfection

Reverse transfection method. US6951757 *. Mar 4, 2003. Oct 4, 2005. Whitehead Institute For Biomedical Research. Transfection ... in order to promote co-transfection of the host cells with at least two different target sequences. Co-transfection refers to ... the yeast may be of any species which are cultivable and in the transfection array can be maintained upon transfection. ... For instance, the transfection array can provide a library of secreted peptides, and the ability of a given peptide to induce ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US20030228601?dq=6948823

It is a unique cationic lipid that has been specifically optimized for the transfection of neuronal cells. ... NeuroPORTER Transfection Kit is the latest innovation in DNA transfection. ... NeuroPORTER Transfection Kit is a unique cationic lipid that has been specifically optimized for the transfection of neuronal ... Life Science > Molecular Biology > Cloning & Expression > Transfection Reagents > NeuroPORTER™ Transfection Kit Data ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/molecular-biology/cloning-and-expression/transfection-reagents/neuroporter.html

X-tremeGENE transfection reagents offer a simple and straightforward protocol, best-in-class cytotoxicity levels, and excellent ... Transfection Resources. View our introduction to transfection and additional molecular and cell biology resources to help you ... transfection reagents. Whether you are working with common or difficult-to-transfect cell lines, X-tremeGENE™ transfection ... X-tremeGENE™ HP is the transfection. reagent of choice. Watch this video to hear his story. ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/roche-biochemical-reagents/x-tremegene.html

... a novel polyamine formulation for transient and/or stable transfections in a wide range of cell types. This transfection ... Gain the proven advantages of the GeneJammer Transfection Reagent, ... The GeneJammer Transfection Reagent is a novel polyamine formulation for transient and/or stable transfections in a wide range ... The GeneJammer Transfection Reagent is a recommended alternative product to the discontinued SatisFection Transfection Reagent ...

https://www.agilent.com/en/product/protein-expression/protein-expression-transfection-reagent-kits/transfection-reagents/genejammer-232987

Clickable Poly(ionic liquids): A Materials Platform for Transfection.. Freyer JL1, Brucks SD1, Gobieski GS1, Russell ST1, ... The resulting TAC polymers are biocompatible and efficient transfection agents. This robust, efficient, and orthogonal click ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27578602

Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection. W S Pear, G P Nolan, M L Scott, and D Baltimore ... Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message ... The generation of high-titer, helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection has been achieved by using the highly ... infectious units/ml of supernatant within 72 hr after CaPO4-mediated transfection. A stringent assay for replication-competent ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/90/18/8392?ijkey=4e0804615289762aeb5528d828159ec41d103027&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Topical tissue nano-transfection mediates non-viral stroma reprogramming and rescue. *Daniel Gallego-Perez1,2,3,4. na1, ... Figure 1: TNT mediates enhanced reprogramming factor delivery and propagation beyond the transfection boundary.. ... Gallego-Perez, D., Pal, D., Ghatak, S. et al. Topical tissue nano-transfection mediates non-viral stroma reprogramming and ... Flow micropillar array electroporation to enhance size specific transfection to a large population of cells *Yingbo Zu ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nnano.2017.134?error=cookies_not_supported&code=65111723-5d80-4ccc-9935-ae9e0b511a9f

However, gene transfection in macrophages is difficult. We have shown here that macrophages are more resistant to gene ... transfection compared with other cell types. To further develop an efficient gene delivery system for macrophages, we evaluated ... Macrophage transfection studies are crucial for understanding gene regulation and expression. ... Macrophage transfection studies are crucial for understanding gene regulation and expression. However, gene transfection in ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20032339.html

Javascript Disabled Detected You currently have javascript disabled. Several functions may not work. Please re-enable javascript to access full functionality.. ...

http://www.protocol-online.org/forums/videos/category-39-transfection/?sort_by=date&sort_order=desc&listview=1

Transfection. For consistent success in your Transfection and silencing RNA applications (to inhibit and suppress target ... LIFE SCIENCES > Molecular Biology - Genetics > Transfection>LIFE SCIENCES > Molecular Biology - Genetics > Transfection. ... our chemical-transfection agent UptiFectin™OFF. This is a patented synthetic derivative of a natural compound designed ...

http://www.interchim.com/pp/465/transfection.html

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Science Signaling.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2003/192/pl11.full

Transfection can result in unexpected morphologies and abnormalities in target cells. Transfection with RNA molecules produces ... Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing DNA or RNA into cells. The word is formed from transformation and ... Transfection of animal cells usually involves opening temporary pores (holes) in the cell membrane, to allow the cells to take ... Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transfection&oldid=6176440" ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfection

LipoTAXI delivers a 10-fold increase in transient transfection efficiency in multiple cell lines versus CaPO4/DEAE-mediated ... a low-toxicity lipid formulation tested with over 30 cell lines that achieves high efficiency transfections with a wide range ... LipoTAXI Mammalian Transfection Kit Transfection protocols for adherent & suspension cells, β-Galactosidase activity test, β- ... Compared to CaPO4/DEAE-mediated transfection, it provides a 10-fold increase in transient transfection efficiency in many cell ...

https://www.agilent.com/en/product/protein-expression/protein-expression-transfection-reagent-kits/transfection-reagents/lipotaxi-232988

Select the transfection reagent for your model system below. (atcc.org)
GeneX Plus Transfection Reagent is designed to efficiently transfect a broad spectrum of cell types. (atcc.org)
TransfeX™ Transfection Reagent has been optimized for use on a wide range of cell types, including cells that are generally difficult to transfect, such as hTERT immortalized cell lines, primary cells, and stem cells. (atcc.org)
Transfection reagent is added to the diluted nucleic acid (NA) to produce reagent-NA complexes. (qiagen.com)
Transfection reagent is added directly to the diluted DNA or siRNA to produce reagent-NA complexes. (qiagen.com)
In reverse-transfection, nucleic acid is added to plate wells, followed by transfection reagent. (qiagen.com)
The health and viability of the cell line, quality of the nucleic acid used, transfection reagent, duration of transfection, and the presence or absence of serum can all play a part. (qiagen.com)
The TransPass™ R2 Transfection Reagent is a two component non-liposomal reagent combination developed specifically for efficient transfection of siRNA in a variety of mammalian cell lines that include "difficult to transfect" cells such as primary cells, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, muscle cells, etc. (neb.com)
HeLa cells were transfected with different concentrations of p38 MAPK ShortCut siRNA Mix (+) or 24 nM eGFP ShortCut siRNA Mix (C) using TransPass R2 Transfection Reagent. (neb.com)
This reagent affords high levels of gene expression in a variety of cell types and is suitable for both transient and stable transfection. (atcc.org)
Since the reagent is composed of animal-origin free components and is serum compatible, there is no need for any culture medium change after transfection. (atcc.org)
GeneX Plus Transfection Reagent has been optimized for use with HEK293T/17 SF suspension cells (ATCC ACS-4500) and HEK Plus SFM (ATCC ACS-4002) to reproducibly express a wide range of proteins at high levels. (atcc.org)
GeneX Plus Transfection Reagent is a high-performance, animal-origin free, broad spectrum reagent that provides exceptional transfection of plasmid DNA into mammalian cells. (atcc.org)
PEI is clearly the reagent of choice for research into large-scale mammalian transient transfection, and this agreement allows Kempbio to use PEI for its transfection services offering. (biospace.com)
Trans IT®-Keratinocyte from Mirus Bio is a high efficiency, low toxicity, plasmid DNA transfection reagent, specifically optimised for keratinocyte transfection. (bioscience.co.uk)
Transfectamine(TM) 5000 Transfection Reagent is a powerful and versatile transfection reagent for the introduction of nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells, or more specifically, into animal cells. (biomol.com)
T8198-03 Transfection Reagent (in vitro) is a sterile solution of a cationic polymer in water. (biomol.com)
T8198-03 Transfection Reagent (in vitro) is ideal. (biomol.com)
for biochemistry Transfection reagent Diethylaminoethyldextran M ~500000 g/mol WGK 1 CAS-Nr. [9013-34-7] DEAE is the oldest transfection. (anulab.com)
Lipofectamine® RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent provides the highest transfection efficiencies on the widest variety of cell types for siRNA-mediated gene knockdown experiments. (luscience.com)
Lipofectamine® RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent transfects a wide range of cell types (see figure). (luscience.com)
Simply mix Lipofectamine® RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent with siRNA, add to your cells, incubate, and measure gene knockdown. (luscience.com)
The simplicity and speed combined with high transfection efficiency make Lipofectamine® RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent ideal for high-throughput siRNA transfections. (luscience.com)
The transfection protocol involves a two tube protocol and It is important to add the lipid reagent to OptiMEM in one tube and the DNA or RNA to OptiMEM in another tube and mix each tube thoroughly. (cellculturedish.com)

GeneX Plus displays high transfection efficiency with low cytotoxicity in suspension cells such as HEK-293T/SF, THP-1, as well as difficult-to-transfect cell lines such as RAW 264.7 and SH-SY5Y. (atcc.org)
For gene silencing, Lipofectamine® RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent's high-efficiency transfections lead to the high levels of gene knockdown needed to achieve convincing results. (luscience.com)

Transfection of DNA or RNA molecules into cultured mammalian cells can be accomplished using various methods and reagents. (bitesizebio.com)

Effective silencing of p38 MAPK is achieved at low siRNA nanomolar concentration 48 hours post-transfection. (neb.com)
Analysis of transfection results can be performed 24-48 hours post transfection. (cellculturedish.com)

All the G-FECT™ transfection reagents show lower toxicity without using organic solvents and can be used in cultured cells with or without serum or antibiotics. (gbiosciences.com)

Following electroporation, Inish solutions predict your transfection efficiences before you go to the hassle of plating your cells - saving you time and improving your workflow. (wearecellix.com)

1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP) is a cationic liposome-forming compound used for transfection of DNA, RNA, and other negatively charged molecules into eukaryotic cells. (biomol.com)

Transfection reagents introduce nucleic acid constructs into eukaryotic cells for protein synthesis and the overexpression of mutant DNA constructs. (atcc.org)
ATCC offers a line of transfection reagents tailored for effective nucleic acid transfer into a wide variety of cells for a multitude of applications. (atcc.org)
Transfection - the delivery of DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells - is a powerful tool used to study and control gene expression. (qiagen.com)
Stably transfected cells can be selected by co-transfection of a second plasmid carrying an antibiotic-resistance gene or by providing a resistance gene on the same vector as the gene of interest. (qiagen.com)
In fast-forward transfection, plating and transfection of cells are performed on the same day. (qiagen.com)
Whereas, in a traditional transfection, cells are plated 24 hours prior to transfection. (qiagen.com)
Cells are seeded in culture medium containing serum and antibiotics the day before transfection and incubated under normal growth conditions. (qiagen.com)
During complex formation, the medium on the cells is changed, before the complexes are added to the cells (see figure Fast forward and reverse transfection ). (qiagen.com)
In standard or fast-forward transfection, cells are added to plate wells first, followed by transfection complexes. (qiagen.com)
Cells are added after complex formation in the wells, hence the term "reverse transfection" (see figure Steps in fast-forward and reverse transfection ). (qiagen.com)
Suitable for transfection of Bone Marrow MSCs (PCS-500-012), Dermal Microvascular Endothelial cells (PCS-110-010), THP-1 cells (TIB-202), Raw 264.7 cells (TIB-71), and SH-SY5Y cells (CRL-2266). (atcc.org)
Strasbourg, May 18, 2010 - Polyplus-transfection SA, a privately-held company developing innovative solutions for molecular and cellular biology, announced today that Kempbio, Inc., a company dedicated to providing high quality bioservices to the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industry, has signed a license agreement to use polyethylenimine (PEI) for the transfection of cells used for the production of recombinant proteins. (biospace.com)
Ideal for cells including NIKS (near-diploid immortalised keratinocytes) and primary keratinocytes, Trans IT-Keratinocyte is suitable for both stable and transient transfections. (bioscience.co.uk)
In primary cells how long should I wait after transfection before I can assay for gene expression? (cellculturedish.com)

Some transfection protocols require serum-free conditions for optimal performance, since serum can interfere with many commercially available transfection reagents. (qiagen.com)
On the other hand, when long-term expression of the sequence is desired, stable transfection protocols are used to generate permanent expression in cell lines. (bitesizebio.com)

Transfection of RNA can be used either to induce protein expression, or to repress it using antisense or RNA interference (RNAi) procedures. (qiagen.com)
Mammalian cell transfection is a technique commonly used to express exogenous DNA or RNA in a host cell line (for example, for generating RNAi probes ). (bitesizebio.com)

Plasmid DNA (pDNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), short-interfering RNA (siRNA), short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) are commonly used in transfection experiments. (bitesizebio.com)

ATCC ® Transfection reagents may be used for the transfer of nucleic acids for a variety of applications, including protein expression and the overexpression of mutant genes. (atcc.org)
We are truly delighted to sign this license agreement with Kempbio, a company offering quality cell culture and protein expression services," said Mark Bloomfield, CEO of Polyplus-transfection. (biospace.com)
Transient transfections are most commonly used to investigate the short-term impact of alterations in gene and protein expression. (bitesizebio.com)

due to their positive charge, these transfection reagents interact with the negatively charged backbone of nucleic acids and cell membranes. (atcc.org)
Polyplus-transfection SA is a biotechnology company researching, developing, manufacturing and marketing innovative solutions for scientists working in molecular and cell biology. (biospace.com)
The transfection is usually performed under aqueous conditions, which enables the lipophilic portion of the amphiphilic compound, or the part of the droplet that displays affinity for fatty-acid compounds such as the cell membrane, to form the micelle capsule that encases the exogenous nucleic acids. (bitesizebio.com)

These exceptional transfection reagents, combined with ATCC's technical know-how, will enable your transcriptional and translational gene studies. (atcc.org)

Transient transfection is most efficient when supercoiled plasmid DNA is used. (qiagen.com)
These properties make dendrimers highly efficient tools for tissue culture transfections. (bitesizebio.com)

The QIAGEN Transfection Tools web site contains siRNA transfection protocols and the most up-to-date information and literature on QIAGEN reagents for RNAi. (bio-medicine.org)
To achieve the best results in siRNA transfection we recommend optimizing the following parameters. (bio-medicine.org)
The amount of siRNA used is a critical factor for efficient transfection and gene silencing. (bio-medicine.org)
The recommended starting amount for transfection of siRNA in 24-well plates is 0.8 g. (bio-medicine.org)
A pipetting scheme for optimizing the transfection of siRNA in adherent cells in a 24-well format is provided in Table 4 on page 16. (bio-medicine.org)
The ratio of TransMessenger Transfection Reagent to siRNA should be optimized for every new cell type and siRNA combination used. (bio-medicine.org)
As a starting point for optimization we recommend using an siRNA to TransMessenger Transfection Reagent ratio (g:l) of 1:5 when using 24-well plates. (bio-medicine.org)
2). This procedure is provided as a starting point for optimization of siRNA transfection in mammalian cells using TransMessenger Transfection Reagent. (bio-medicine.org)
On the day of transfection, dilute 1.6 l Enhancer R in Buffer EC-R. Add 0.8 g siRNA (minimum siRNA concentration, 0.1 g/l) and mix by vortexing. (bio-medicine.org)
Transfection reagent is added directly to the diluted DNA or siRNA to produce reagent-NA complexes. (qiagen.com)
The TransPass™ R2 Transfection Reagent is a two component non-liposomal reagent combination developed specifically for efficient transfection of siRNA in a variety of mammalian cell lines that include "difficult to transfect" cells such as primary cells, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, muscle cells, etc. (neb.com)
HeLa cells were transfected with different concentrations of p38 MAPK ShortCut siRNA Mix (+) or 24 nM eGFP ShortCut siRNA Mix (C) using TransPass R2 Transfection Reagent. (neb.com)
Effective silencing of p38 MAPK is achieved at low siRNA nanomolar concentration 48 hours post-transfection. (neb.com)
Optimizing siRNA Transfection for RNAi ( Low transfection. (bio-medicine.org)
These transfection parameters include culture conditions, choice and amount of transfection agent, exposure time of transfection agent to cells, and siRNA quantity and quality. (bio-medicine.org)
There is no single transfection parameter that by itself ensures efficient siRNA uptake by cells in culture. (bio-medicine.org)
Ambion provides a series of tools to simplify RNAi experiments including two transfection agents designed specifically for siRNA delivery. (bio-medicine.org)
Ambion's siRNA Delivery Resource has further details on transfection optimization, recommendations for transfection agent, and conditions to use with specific cell types. (bio-medicine.org)
This article summarizes the use of reverse transfection to maximize performance of siRNA in cultured cells and offers suggestions on how to optimize siRNA transfection parameters. (bio-medicine.org)
The TransFect Database provides DNA, RNA, and siRNA transfection protocols for a wide range of cell types and plate or dish formats. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Dharmacon transfection reagents are designed specifically for small RNA transfection (DharmaFECT), co-transfection of plasmid and small RNA ( DharmaFECT Duo ), plasmid transfection ( DharmaFECT kb ) and self delivering siRNA for difficult to transfect cell types ( Accell siRNA ). (horizondiscovery.com)
The most broadly applicable DharmaFECT formulation for optimal siRNA or microRNA transfection into a wide range of cell types for successful RNAi experiments. (horizondiscovery.com)
An aliquot of each of the four DharmaFECT formulations for siRNA/microRNA transfection optimization studies. (horizondiscovery.com)
This in vivo reagent is designed for targeted siRNA delivery into pancreas, however it is also compatible for transfection of any negatively charged molecules including RNA, DNA, proteins, and small molecules. (biospace.com)
Pancreas-targeted siRNA In Vivo Transfection Kit enables researchers to utilize in vivo transfection method to introduce DNA, RNA, and other molecules into pancreas cells. (biospace.com)
The Span-8 pipettors and the selective tip feature of the multichannel head were used to serially dilute different lipids and combine them with two concentrations of a FAM-labelled siRNA (siGLO Green) which acted as a transfection readout. (beckman.com)
Common transfection examples include introducing DNA plasmids that have gene inserts for expression, or small interfering RNA (siRNA) for targeted gene silencing. (horizondiscovery.com)
In the case of siRNA delivery, a new novel technology exists, in which the siRNA is chemically modified to facilitate uptake into the cell without the need for transfection reagents, instruments, or viral vectors. (horizondiscovery.com)
The siRNA Transfection Reagent is provided as a sterile solution, and is compatible with serum and antibiotics. (thomassci.com)
Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection Reagent is best transfection reagent available from Life Technologies for the co-transfection of siRNA and plasmid DNA. (fishersci.ca)
siTran 1.0 - For transfection of the siRNA duplex siTran 1.0 is a brand-new transfection reagent specially for siRNA duplexes in transient transfection, high-throughput screening, etc. siTran 1.0 is also highly effective in transfecting plasmid DNA. (origene.com)
Viromers, a technology breakthrough, take advantage of a viral fusion mechanism (hence their name) and translate this into polymer chemistry for plasmid and siRNA transfection. (origene.com)
Transfection of THP-1 cells with plasmids or small interfering RNA (siRNA) is achieved by electroporation using the Lonza Nucleofector technology (Basel, Switzerland). (biomedsearch.com)
We recommend to use 1 µl of MA Lipofection Enhancer per µg of DNA in initial experiments (for antisense oligos or siRNA ratios need to be optimized) and to prepare the DNA/transfection reagent complexes according to the reagent's manufacturer instructions first and then add the nanoparticles. (promocell.com)
There are several factors that can influence successful transfections, e.g . viability and density of the cells, choice of the transfection reagent, quality and type of the transfected molecules (plasmids, siRNA, oligonucleotides), as well as the culture medium and supplements used. (promocell.com)
Most transfection reagents are designed for efficient delivery of a single nucleic acid type such as plasmid DNA, siRNA, mRNA, etc. (mirusbio.com)
Co-transfection of different nucleic acid types such as large plasmid DNA and smaller siRNA/miRNAs can be challenging primarily due to the size and charge difference between these nucleic acid molecules. (mirusbio.com)
Due to this reason, transfection reagents that can deliver smaller nucleic acids such as siRNA/miRNA to the cytoplasm efficiently are not always successful in plasmid DNA delivery to the nucleus. (mirusbio.com)
Once formed and condensed the transfection complexes are taken up very efficiently via endocytosis and nucleic acid delivery to their respective functional locations: the nucleus (DNA) and cytoplasm (siRNA/miRNA). (mirusbio.com)
Learn more about how the Trans IT-X2® Dynamic Delivery System enables co-transfection of plasmid DNA and siRNA here . (mirusbio.com)
Functional Co-transfection of Plasmid DNA and siRNA Using the Trans IT-X2® Dynamic Delivery System. (mirusbio.com)
Transfection was performed in 6-well plates with Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) coated coverslips using 4 µl of Trans IT-X2® to deliver 2 µg of DNA and 25 nM siRNA (2:1 reagent:DNA ratio). (mirusbio.com)
A cell spot microarray method for production of high density siRNA transfection microarrays. (biomedsearch.com)

Transfection reagents introduce nucleic acid constructs into eukaryotic cells for protein synthesis and the overexpression of mutant DNA constructs. (atcc.org)
Transfection - the delivery of DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells - is a powerful tool used to study and control gene expression. (qiagen.com)
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Transfection is the process of introducing nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. (sbir.gov)
Calcium-phosphate-mediated Transfection of Eukaryotic Cells with Plasmid DNAs Calcium phosphate forms an insoluble precipitate with DNA, which attaches to the cell surface and is taken into the cells by endocytosis. (molecularstation.com)
Transfection is the deliberate introduction of nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. (horizondiscovery.com)
GeneJuice Transfection Reagent provides excellent performance in both stable and transient transfection of eukaryotic cells and is ideal for use with the Novagen pTriEx™ expression vectors. (thomassci.com)
A cationic liposome-forming compound used for transfection of DNA, RNA, and other negatively charged molecules into eukaryotic cells. (thomassci.com)
TurboFectin is a new generation of transfection reagent for nucleic acid delivery into eukaryotic cells. (origene.com)

To further develop an efficient gene delivery system for macrophages, we evaluated various liposomal and non-liposomal agents including LipofectAMINE(R), Lipofectin(R), DOTAP, DEAE-dextran, and the DNA condensing agent protamine sulfate for their ability to promote gene transfection. (cdc.gov)
Lipofectamine® 3000 reagent leverages our most advanced lipid nanoparticle technology to enable superior transfection performance and reproducible results. (thermofisher.com)
Lipofectamine® 2000 has been the most-cited transfection reagent for over a decade. (thermofisher.com)
1) Transfection lipids (Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (L), DharmaFECT 1-4, and negative control (0)), Opti-MEM media (light orange), and two siGLO Green concentrations (purple) were added to a 96-well plate. (beckman.com)
For gene editing, Lipofectamine Stem reagent allows the co-transfection of Cas9 protein complexed with guide RNAs along with single-stranded DNA for homology directed repair. (thermofisher.com)
As well as suggesting an 'Ultra' version of lipofectamine such as Lipofectamine LTX or plus, you could check that your detection method for detecting an efficient transfection is working properly. (scientistsolutions.com)
Trans IT-X2® Dynamic Delivery System and Lipofectamine® 2000 Transfection Reagent were used to transfect plasmid DNA encoding luciferase into 41 different cell types at three reagent-to-DNA ratios. (mirusbio.com)

There are two types of transfection - transient and stable - suited to different experimental applications, and with different vector requirements. (qiagen.com)
Two main types of transfection exist: transient transfection and stable transfection. (wisegeek.com)
The major types of Transfection include physical based (such as electroporation, nucleofection, magnetofection and gene gun), biochemical based(lipofection, calcium phosphate and dextran mediated) and viral based(adeno viruses and adeno-associated viruses based) transfection. (marketsandmarkets.com)
The global transfection technologies market is concentrated with international and regional companies that offer products for different types of transfection methods for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, contract research organizations (CRO), and academic and research institutes. (yahoo.com)
There are two types of transfection technologies that include stable and transient. (sbwire.com)

While transient transfection is advantageous for fast analysis of shRNA mediated effects, stable transfection ensures long-term, reproducible as well as defined shRNA effects. (openwetware.org)

MarketsandMarkets will host webinar to help you uncover the high growth opportunities in Global Transfection Technologies Market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Which applications/end-user segments are showing wider adoption of Global Transfection Technologies Market? (marketsandmarkets.com)

Jaworski J, Figiel I, Proszynski T, Kaczmarek L (2000) Efficient expression of tetracycline-responsive gene following transfection of dentate gyrus neurons in vitro. (factbites.com)

Figure 2 shows the superior transfection and gene expression results obtained with the NeuroPORTER reagent. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Trans IT-X2® Transfection Reagent Enables Superior Transfection in a Variety of Cell Types. (mirusbio.com)

The health and viability of the cell line, quality of the nucleic acid used, transfection reagent, duration of transfection, and the presence or absence of serum can all play a part. (qiagen.com)
The goal of transfection optimization is to determine the conditions that will provide maximum gene knockdown while maintaining an acceptable level of viability for the particular cell type (see sidebar, Two-Step Optimization Protocol ). (bio-medicine.org)
80% cell viability) at the optimal transfection concentration by MTT assay. (rsc.org)

This allows for high transfection efficiencies up to 99% and makes the transfection success independent from any cell proliferation. (edu.lb)
You should be able to get 80% transfection efficiencies with home made solutions for calcium phosphate transfections. (scientistsolutions.com)

Viral based transfection. (marketsandmarkets.com)
For cell types not amenable to lipid-mediated transfection, viral vectors are often employed. (thermofisher.com)
It is also important to note that the packaging cell line used for viral amplification needs to be transfected with a non-viral transfection method. (thermofisher.com)
Viral delivery of RNAi vectors is a powerful alternative to transfection for these cell types as well as for in vivo applications. (openwetware.org)

I'm not sure what your endpoint is for the successful transfection e.g. which protein you are trying to overexpress, but you could perhaps try a few different transfection reagents and insert GFP or something else for the readout. (scientistsolutions.com)

Step by step, using this technology, researchers have been able to bring more functionality to cell types that were considered to be refractory to transfection, such as primary neurons," states Dr. Berger. (genengnews.com)
The first set of slides demonstrates the efficient transfection of a plasmid expressing GFP (green fluorescent protein) into a primary culture of rat cortical neurons. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We describe here an alternative strategy using particle-mediated gene transfer for the transfection of neurons and glia in intact brain slices. (nih.gov)
Transfecting Cultured Hippocampal Neurons with an Actin-GFP Plasmid This protocol describes two transfection methods for expressing GFP-tagged actin in primary neurons. (molecularstation.com)
Transfection of Hippocampal Neurons with Plasmid DNA Using Calcium Phosphate Coprecipitation This protocol describes transfection of plasmid DNA into primary hippocampal neurons using DNA/calcium-phosphate (CaPO4) coprecipitation. (molecularstation.com)
transfection of nucleic acids into primary neurons and cultured neuronal cell lines. (thomassci.com)

She has led product development for Novagen and EMD Biosciences (now EMD Millipore) in the areas of transfection reagents and expression vectors. (sciencemag.org)
TransIT-VirusGEN® Transfection Reagent by Mirus, USA, is designed to enhance delivery of packaging and transfer vectors to adherent and suspension HEK 293 cell types to increase recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) and lentivirus production. (prlog.org)
These vectors were designed for use in germline transformation and cell culture transfection assays. (nih.gov)
TransIT-VirusGEN® is a high-performance transfection reagent for the reliable and efficient delivery of packaging and transfer vectors to adherent or suspension HEK293 cell types. (bioscience.co.uk)

Even though mRNA delivery to cardiac fibroblasts has the therapeutic potential, mRNA transfection in cardiac fibroblasts has been challenging. (dovepress.com)
GMT mRNA transfection of cultured mouse cardiac fibroblasts via C-Lipo significantly increased expression of the cardiomyocyte marker genes, Actc1 , Actn2 , Gja1 , Hand2 , and Tnnt2 , after 2 weeks of transfection. (dovepress.com)

In stable transfections, the new DNA becomes part of the cell's original DNA by either adding on to it or replacing a piece of the old DNA. (wisegeek.com)
The GeneJammer Transfection Reagent is a novel polyamine formulation for transient and/or stable transfections in a wide range of cell types. (agilent.com)

Here we demonstrate how a Design of Experiment (DOE) approach can be quickly automated on the Biomek i7 Automated Workstation (Figure 1) to identify optimal transfection conditions for a variety of cell lines. (beckman.com)

Therefore, co-transfecting multiple nucleic acids of the same kind such as multiple plasmid DNAs or siRNAs is relatively straightforward as long as the ratio of the amount of transfection reagent to total nucleic acid is maintained. (mirusbio.com)

GeneX Plus Transfection Reagent is designed to efficiently transfect a broad spectrum of cell types. (atcc.org)

there is a growing demand for new transfection technologies to address unmet needs for therapeutic delivery which is driving the transfection market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Growth in gene therapy is also driving the transfection market. (sbwire.com)

Since the reagent is composed of animal-origin free components and is serum compatible, there is no need for any culture medium change after transfection. (atcc.org)
For ease of use, plasmid transfections can be carried out entirely in the presence of serum . (clontech.com)
Promote transfection using lipofection and support growth of HEK 293 cultures with GE Healthcare HyClone SFM4Transfx-293 media, a serum-free, animal-derived component free (ADCF) media. (thomassci.com)
MATra transfections can be performed in the presence or absence of serum and/or antibiotics. (promocell.com)

To complement and enhance the existing portfolio of its transfection solutions, Qiagen recently launched the TransFect Protocol Database and two new DNA transfection reagents: Attractene Transfection Reagent and NanoFect Transfection Reagent. (drugdiscoverynews.com)

Optimizing transfections can be so much fun. (scientistsolutions.com)

Transfection signals from native CAT-encoding DNA compared well with those from a synthetic DNA sequence adapted to the P. falciparum major codon bias, demonstrating effective expression of the bacterial sequence despite its use of rare P. falciparum codons. (pnas.org)
Macrophage transfection studies are crucial for understanding gene regulation and expression. (cdc.gov)
See RheoSwitch® Inducible Expression System Manual (NEB #E3000) for transient transfection protocol using pNEBR-X1GLuc (NEB #N8080). (neb.com)
The studies reported here expand earlier studies which compared the differential expression of transcripts following transfection by either the FuGENE® 6 [1] or FuGENE® HD [2, 3] Transfection Reagents to another reagent on the market using either a different gene or a vector that did not contain the gene of interest. (bionity.com)
Stable expression can be influenced by two factors: The transfection method used and the vector containing the shRNA of interest. (openwetware.org)

However, whether one is transfecting plasmid DNA or inhibitory RNAs, different cell lines can have significant differences in the ease of transfection or cellular survival. (beckman.com)

The generation of high-titer, helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection has been achieved by using the highly transfectable 293T cell line into which are stably introduced constructs that express retroviral packaging functions. (pnas.org)
In this webinar, we discuss the key steps and protocol considerations for performing high-quality transfections on a consistent basis, taking into consideration variables such as cell type, culture conditions, reagent concentrations, and other critical parameters. (sciencemag.org)
Rated 4 out of 5 by Wind from High effciency Conventional liposome transfection may perform well for the robust cell lines, but the primary cell lines was not. (scbt.com)

Xfect Transfection Reagent is packaged in convenient, separable kits , so if you purchase the 100 reaction kit, you can share with your less-than-careful colleagues without fear. (clontech.com)

This is true for most of the reagent based transfection reactions. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Reagent based transfection technology market is experiencing significant growth owing to cost effectiveness and less complicated methods involved during transfection. (yahoo.com)

Anatomy27

Organisms17

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs92

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes79

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science3

11q23.1 and 11q25-qter YACs suppress tumour growth in vivo. (1/63574)

TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. (2/63574)

Expression of the naturally occurring truncated trkB neurotrophin receptor induces outgrowth of filopodia and processes in neuroblastoma cells. (3/63574)

B-MYB transactivates its own promoter through SP1-binding sites. (4/63574)

Arrestin function in G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis requires phosphoinositide binding. (5/63574)

The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (6/63574)

Coupling of the cell cycle and myogenesis through the cyclin D1-dependent interaction of MyoD with cdk4. (7/63574)

Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers. (8/63574)

Transfection

Cell Line

Base Sequence

Plasmids

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Molecular Sequence Data

Polyethyleneimine

DNA

Genetic Vectors

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Transcription, Genetic

Luciferases

RNA, Messenger

Gene Transfer Techniques

Cells, Cultured

Gene Expression Regulation

Genes, Reporter

Electroporation

RNA, Small Interfering

Cell Line, Tumor

Genetic Therapy

Liposomes

Gene Expression

DNA-Binding Proteins

Transcription Factors

Cloning, Molecular

Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase

DNA, Complementary

HeLa Cells

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Amino Acid Sequence

Cations

COS Cells

Transcriptional Activation

Cricetinae

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Blotting, Western

Mutation

Recombinant Proteins

Signal Transduction

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Cell Survival

Apoptosis

Polylysine

DNA Primers

Cation Exchange Resins

Binding Sites

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Cercopithecus aethiops

Down-Regulation

Nuclear Proteins

CHO Cells

DNA, Antisense

Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic

3T3 Cells

DNA, Viral

Protein Binding

Fibroblasts

Trans-Activators

Cell Division

beta-Galactosidase

Cell Nucleus

Phosphatidylethanolamines

Cell Line, Transformed

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Sp1 Transcription Factor

RNA Interference

Biolistics

Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Oligonucleotides, Antisense

Enhancer Elements, Genetic

Luminescent Proteins

Phosphorylation

Cell Proliferation

Up-Regulation

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Blotting, Northern

Virus Replication

Particle Size

Transgenes